Podcasts about pnas

Insights in route planning from London taxi drivers Science Sessions are brief conversations with cutting-edge researchers, National Academy members, and policymakers as they discuss topics relevant to today's scientific community. Learn the behind-the-scenes story of work published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), plus a broad range of scientific news about discoveries that affect the world around us. In this episode, Hugo Spiers, Pablo Fernández Velasco, and Eva-Marie Griesbauer share what they learned about human route planning from talking with London taxi drivers. In this episode, we cover: •[00:00] Introduction •[00:59] Cognitive neuroscientist Hugo Spiers reviews previous studies on human route planning. •[01:29] Cognitive scientist and philosopher Pablo Fernández Velasco talks about why they chose to study London taxi drivers. •[01:49] Spiers describes the test that qualifies London taxi drivers. •[02:39] Spiers explains the experimental procedure. •[04:01] A recording of a taxi driver describing a route. •[04:57] Fernández talks about the data analysis. •[05:22] Psychologist Eva-Maria Griesbauer talks about the experience of interviewing taxi drivers. •[05:56] Fernández, Spiers, and Griesbauer recount the results of the study. •[08:43] Fernández and Spiers talk about the implications for the study of human route planning. •[10:22] Fernández describes the caveats and limitations of the study. •[11:15] Conclusion. About Our Guests: Hugo Spiers Professor University College London Pablo Fernández Velasco Postdoctoral researcher University of York Eva-Maria Griesbauer Postdoctoral researcher University College London View related content here: https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2407814122 Follow us on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts for more captivating discussions on scientific breakthroughs! Visit Science Sessions on PNAS.org: https://www.pnas.org/about/science-sessions-podcast  Follow PNAS: Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn YouTube Sign up for the PNAS Highlights newsletter

Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ Fortschritt bei strahlungsfreier Alternative zum Röntgen +++ Enge Freundschaften bei Gorillas offenbar nicht immer ein Vorteil +++ Mehr Essstörungen bei Mädchen +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Magnetic particle imaging angiography of the femoral artery in a human cadaveric perfusion model, Nature Communications in Medicine, 13.03.2025Löst Magnetpartikelbildgebung (MPI) das Röntgen ab?, Uniklinikum Würzburg, 05.05.2025Der Holocaust als Meme – Wie in digitalen Räumen Geschichte umgedeutet wird, Bildungsstätte Anne Frank, 06.05.2025Group traits moderate the relationship between individual social traits and fitness in gorillas, PNAS, 05.05.2025World report on social determinants of health equity 2025, WHO, 06.05.2025Alle Quellen findet ihr hier.**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: TikTok und Instagram .

This week on the show: Are we ready to create digital models of the human brain? Last month, Stanford researcher Andreas Tolias and colleagues created a "digital twin" of the mouse visual cortex. The researchers used the same foundation model approach that powers ChatGPT, but instead of training the model on text, the team trained in on brain activity recorded while mice watched action movies. The result? A digital model that can predict how neurons would respond to entirely new visual inputs. This landmark study is a preview of the unprecedented research possibilities made possible by foundation models of the brain—models which replicate the fundamental algorithms of brain activity, but can be studied with complete control and replicated across hundreds of laboratories.But it raises a profound question: Are we ready to create digital models of the human brain? This week we talk with Wu Tsai Neuro Faculty Scholar Dan Yamins, who has been exploring just this question with a broad range of Stanford colleagues and collaborators. We talk about what such human brain simulations might look like, how they would work, and what they might teach us about the fundamental algorithms of perception and cognition.Learn moreAI models of the brain could serve as 'digital twins' in research (Stanford Medicine, 2025)An Advance in Brain Research That Was Once Considered Impossible (New York Times, 2025)The co-evolution of neuroscience and AI (Wu Tsai Neuro, 2024)Neuroscientists use AI to simulate how the brain makes sense of the visual world (Wu Tsai Neuro, 2024)How Artificial Neural Networks Help Us Understand Neural Networks in the Human Brain (Stanford Institute for Human-Centered AI (HAI), 2021)Related researchA Task-Optimized Neural Network Replicates Human Auditory Behavior... (PNAS, 2014)Vector-based navigation using grid-like representations in artificial agents (Nature, 2018)The neural architecture of language: Integrative modeling converges on predictive processing (PNAS, 2021)Using deep reinforcement learning to reveal how the brain encodes abstract state-space representations... (Neuron, 2021) We want to hear from your neurons! Email us at at neuronspodcast@stanford.edu. Send us a text!Thanks for listening! If you're enjoying our show, please take a moment to give us a review on your podcast app of choice and share this episode with your friends. That's how we grow as a show and bring the stories of the frontiers of neuroscience to a wider audience. Learn more about the Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute at Stanford and follow us on Twitter, Facebook, and LinkedIn.

All the colours of the rainbow, plus oneResearchers have fired lasers directly into the eye to stimulate photoreceptors, and produce the perception of a colour that does not exist in nature. They describe it as a “supersaturated teal,” and hope the technique will allow them to better understand colour vision and perhaps lead to treatments for vision problems. Austin Roorda has been developing this technology using mirrors, lasers and optical devices. He is a professor of Optometry and Vision Science at University of California, Berkeley. The study was published in the journal Science Advances.Following in the footsteps of an ancient ankylosaurPaleontologists have found fossil footprints of an armoured dinosaur in the Canadian Rockies that fill in a critical gap in the fossil record. The footprints belonged to a club-tailed ankylosaur about five to six metres long, and are the first evidence of this type of dinosaur living in North America in a period known as the middle Cretaceous. The research was led by Victoria Arbour, curator of paleontology at the Royal B.C. Museum, and published in the journal Vertebrate Paleontology.Did the Neanderthals die from sunburn?Neanderthals disappeared 40,000 years ago, and new research suggests this corresponds to a period of weakness in the Earth's magnetic field that allowed an increase in the solar radiation reaching the surface. Researchers think they have evidence that modern humans were able to protect themselves from the sun better than Neanderthals could, and this might have contributed to the Neanderthal extinction. Raven Garvey is an anthropologist at the University of Michigan. Her team's research was published in the journal Science. Cloudy with a chance of ammonia mushballsNew observations and models of activity within Jupiter's stormy atmosphere is giving a weather report for the giant planet, and it's pretty extreme. Most interestingly, researchers predict conditions that could lead to violent lightning storms producing softball sized frozen ammonia “mushballs” that would rain through the upper atmosphere. The research was led by Chris Moeckel, a planetary scientist and aerospace engineer at the University of California-Berkeley Space Sciences Laboratory, and was published in the journal Science Advances.Shattering heat records: climate change is turning out to be worse than expectedIn the last few years, we've seen global temperatures rising faster, with more extreme localized heatwaves, than climate models predicted. Climate scientists are trying to understand this by investigating the underlying factors behind these heating trends. Richard Allan, from the University of Reading in the U.K., was expecting a larger than normal rise in global temperatures due to natural fluctuations, but global temperatures in 2023 and 2024 were much higher than expected. Their recent study in the journal Environmental Research Letters found a growing imbalance in the earth's heat system, with increasingly more heat coming in than leaving, in large part due to changes we've seen in global cloud cover.This global heating is not happening evenly around the world. Kai Kornhuber, from the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis in Austria and Columbia Climate School in New York, found regional hotspots that are experiencing unexpected extreme heat, likely due to a combination of factors. That study is in the journal PNAS. 

Individual decision-making and collective animal behavior Science Sessions are brief conversations with cutting-edge researchers, National Academy members, and policymakers as they discuss topics relevant to today's scientific community. Learn the behind-the-scenes story of work published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), plus a broad range of scientific news about discoveries that affect the world around us. In this episode, researchers explore advances in the modeling of collective animal behaviors. In this episode, we cover: •[00:00] Introduction •[00:48] Conor Heins incorporated cognitive processes into a model of collective behavior. •[02:13] Eva Kanso analyzed how confinement influences collective behavior. •[03:41] Andreu Puy considered the role of speed in the leader-follower dynamics of schooling fish. •[04:45] Daniel Kronauer explored how a colony of clonal raider ants collectively responds to rising temperatures. •[06:02] Sonja Friman quantified the energy savings of starlings flying in complex formations. •[07:27] Daniele Carlesso modeled how weaver ants decide to form chains to explore their environment. •[08:43] Ashkaan Fahimipour explored how reef fish minimize the spread of misinformation. •[10:11] Clare Doherty explored the individualism of terrestrial hermit crabs moving in groups. •[11:44] Final thoughts and conclusion. About Our Guests: Conor Heins  Machine Learning Researcher Verses AI / Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior Eva Kanso  Zohrab A. Kaprielian Fellow in Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering University of Southern California Andreu Puy  PhD Student Polytechnic University of Catalonia Daniel Kronauer  Stanley S. and Sydney R. Shuman Professor Rockefeller University Sonja Friman  Postdoctoral Fellow Lund University Daniele Carlesso  Postdoctoral Researcher University of Konstanz Ashkaan Fahimipour  Assistant Professor Florida Atlantic University Clare Doherty  Research Associate Ulster University View related content here: https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2320239121 https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2406293121 https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2309733121 https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2123076119 https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2319971121 https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2216217120 https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2215428120 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-11469-1 Follow us on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts for more captivating discussions on scientific breakthroughs! Visit Science Sessions on PNAS.org: https://www.pnas.org/about/science-sessions-podcast  Follow PNAS: Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn YouTube Sign up for the PNAS Highlights newsletter

Critical Midlife Strategies to Prevent Age-Related Brain Decline: In this episode, Nutritionist Leyla Muedin “Weighs In” with a landmark study published in PNAS, highlighting the importance of a critical midlife window to prevent age-related brain decline. Conducted by scientists from Stony Brook University and other renowned institutions, the study reveals that brain aging follows a non-linear trajectory with key transition points starting as early as age 44. The research identifies neuronal insulin resistance and metabolic changes as primary drivers, suggesting dietary interventions like ketogenic diets during midlife can provide significant benefits. Leyla emphasizes the importance of early metabolic health monitoring and lifestyle changes to mitigate cognitive decline, addressing the growing concern of Alzheimer's and related neurodegenerative diseases.

Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ Studie: Hunde hören zu - und mit +++ Realitätsnahe Avatare wirken in Wissenschaftsvideos vertrauenswürdiger als Zeichentrick-Figuren +++ Gut jeder und jede Zehnte hat schon per Ghosting Schluss gemacht +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) recognise meaningful content in monotonous streams of read speech, Animal Cognition, 12.04.2025Balancing Realism and Trust: AI Avatars In Science Communication, JCOM, 14.04.2025A new thyreophoran ichnotaxon from British Columbia, Canada confirms the presence of ankylosaurid dinosaurs in the mid Cretaceous of North America, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 14.04.2025The impact of viewing art on well-being—a systematic review of the evidence base and suggested mechanisms, Journal of Positive Psychology, 15.04.2025"Kids and Girls”: Parents convey a male default in child-directed speech, PNAS, 11.03.2025**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: TikTok und Instagram .

On a longtemps pensé que le vieillissement du cerveau était un processus progressif et linéaire. Pourtant, une étude publiée en 2022 dans la revue scientifique PNAS — Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences — révèle une réalité bien différente : le cerveau ne vieillirait pas de façon continue, mais par à-coups, avec un tournant brutal autour de 44 ans.Cette étude, menée par des chercheurs allemands et britanniques, s'appuie sur l'analyse de données d'imagerie cérébrale provenant de plus de 4 000 personnes âgées de 18 à 88 ans. En se basant sur une technique appelée « connectomique », les scientifiques ont cartographié les réseaux de communication entre différentes régions du cerveau. Leur objectif : comprendre comment ces connexions évoluent avec l'âge.Leur découverte principale est frappante : vers 44 ans, la structure du cerveau connaît une réorganisation brutale. C'est un peu comme si, à cet âge, les lignes de communication dans le cerveau étaient redirigées, certains circuits étant désactivés tandis que d'autres deviennent plus actifs. Ce basculement marque le début d'un déclin dans la rapidité et l'efficacité des échanges neuronaux. Concrètement, cela pourrait expliquer pourquoi, passé la quarantaine, certaines fonctions cognitives — comme la mémoire de travail, la vitesse de traitement ou la concentration — commencent à diminuer plus visiblement.Mais attention : ce n'est pas une fatalité. Ce changement ne signifie pas une dégénérescence irréversible, ni une perte de capacités immédiate. Il s'agit plutôt d'un tournant neurologique : le cerveau devient un peu moins plastique, un peu moins efficace dans sa manière de traiter et de transmettre l'information.Fait intéressant, l'étude montre aussi que toutes les régions du cerveau ne sont pas touchées de la même manière. Les zones les plus affectées sont celles impliquées dans des fonctions dites "supérieures", comme le raisonnement, le langage ou la prise de décision. En revanche, les zones sensorielles et motrices restent relativement stables plus longtemps.Ces résultats ont des implications majeures. D'abord, ils nous rappellent l'importance de préserver la santé du cerveau dès la quarantaine — voire avant — par une alimentation équilibrée, une activité physique régulière, un bon sommeil et une stimulation intellectuelle continue.En somme, selon cette étude parue dans PNAS, le cerveau humain pourrait connaître un tournant critique vers 44 ans. Un moment charnière, non pas pour s'alarmer, mais pour agir, en adoptant des habitudes qui favorisent un vieillissement cérébral en douceur. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Listen in as Real Science Radio host Fred Williams and co-host Doug McBurney review and update some of Bob Enyart's legendary list of not so old things! From Darwin's Finches to opals forming in months to man's genetic diversity in 200 generations, to carbon 14 everywhere it's not supposed to be (including in diamonds and dinosaur bones!), scientific observations simply defy the claim that the earth is billions of years old. Real science demands the dismissal of the alleged million and billion year ages asserted by the ungodly and the foolish.     * Finches Adapt in 17 Years, Not 2.3 Million: Charles Darwin's finches are claimed to have taken 2,300,000 years to diversify from an initial species blown onto the Galapagos Islands. Yet individuals from a single finch species on a U.S. Bird Reservation in the Pacific were introduced to a group of small islands 300 miles away and in at most 17 years, like Darwin's finches, they had diversified their beaks, related muscles, and behavior to fill various ecological niches. Hear about this also at rsr.org/spetner.  * Finches Speciate in Two Generations vs Two Million Years for Darwin's Birds?  Darwin's finches on the Galapagos Islands are said to have diversified into 14 species over a period of two million years. But in 2017 the journal Science reported a newcomer to the Island which within two generations spawned a reproductively isolated new species. In another instance as documented by Lee Spetner, a hundred birds of the same finch species introduced to an island cluster a 1,000 kilometers from Galapagos diversified into species with the typical variations in beak sizes, etc. "If this diversification occurred in less than seventeen years," Dr. Spetner asks, "why did Darwin's Galapagos finches [as claimed by evolutionists] have to take two million years?" * Opals Can Form in "A Few Months" And Don't Need 100,000 Years: A leading authority on opals, Allan W. Eckert, observed that, "scientific papers and textbooks have told that the process of opal formation requires tens of thousands of years, perhaps hundreds of thousands... Not true." A 2011 peer-reviewed paper in a geology journal from Australia, where almost all the world's opal is found, reported on the: "new timetable for opal formation involving weeks to a few months and not the hundreds of thousands of years envisaged by the conventional weathering model." (And apparently, per a 2019 report from Entomology Today, opals can even form around insects!) More knowledgeable scientists resist the uncritical, group-think insistence on false super-slow formation rates (as also for manganese nodules, gold veins, stone, petroleum, canyons and gullies, and even guts, all below). Regarding opals, Darwinian bias led geologists to long ignore possible quick action, as from microbes, as a possible explanation for these mineraloids. For both in nature and in the lab, opals form rapidly, not even in 10,000 years, but in weeks. See this also from creationists by a geologist, a paleobiochemist, and a nuclear chemist. * Blue Eyes Originated Not So Long Ago: Not a million years ago, nor a hundred thousand years ago, but based on a peer-reviewed paper in Human Genetics, a press release at Science Daily reports that, "research shows that people with blue eyes have a single, common ancestor. A team at the University of Copenhagen have tracked down a genetic mutation which took place 6-10,000 years ago and is the cause of the eye color of all blue-eyed humans alive on the planet today." * Adding the Entire Universe to our List of Not So Old Things? Based on March 2019 findings from Hubble, Nobel laureate Adam Riess of the Space Telescope Science Institute and his co-authors in the Astrophysical Journal estimate that the universe is about a billion years younger than previously thought! Then in September 2019 in the journal Science, the age dropped precipitously to as low as 11.4 billion years! Of course, these measurements also further squeeze the canonical story of the big bang chronology with its many already existing problems including the insufficient time to "evolve" distant mature galaxies, galaxy clusters, superclusters, enormous black holes, filaments, bubbles, walls, and other superstructures. So, even though the latest estimates are still absurdly too old (Google: big bang predictions, and click on the #1 ranked article, or just go on over there to rsr.org/bb), regardless, we thought we'd plop the whole universe down on our List of Not So Old Things!   * After the Soft Tissue Discoveries, NOW Dino DNA: When a North Carolina State University paleontologist took the Tyrannosaurus Rex photos to the right of original biological material, that led to the 2016 discovery of dinosaur DNA, So far researchers have also recovered dinosaur blood vessels, collagen, osteocytes, hemoglobin, red blood cells, and various proteins. As of May 2018, twenty-six scientific journals, including Nature, Science, PNAS, PLoS One, Bone, and Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, have confirmed the discovery of biomaterial fossils from many dinosaurs! Organisms including T. Rex, hadrosaur, titanosaur, triceratops, Lufengosaur, mosasaur, and Archaeopteryx, and many others dated, allegedly, even hundreds of millions of years old, have yielded their endogenous, still-soft biological material. See the web's most complete listing of 100+ journal papers (screenshot, left) announcing these discoveries at bflist.rsr.org and see it in layman's terms at rsr.org/soft. * Rapid Stalactites, Stalagmites, Etc.: A construction worker in 1954 left a lemonade bottle in one of Australia's famous Jenolan Caves. By 2011 it had been naturally transformed into a stalagmite (below, right). Increasing scientific knowledge is arguing for rapid cave formation (see below, Nat'l Park Service shrinks Carlsbad Caverns formation estimates from 260M years, to 10M, to 2M, to it "depends"). Likewise, examples are growing of rapid formations with typical chemical make-up (see bottle, left) of classic stalactites and stalagmites including: - in Nat'l Geo the Carlsbad Caverns stalagmite that rapidly covered a bat - the tunnel stalagmites at Tennessee's Raccoon Mountain - hundreds of stalactites beneath the Lincoln Memorial - those near Gladfelter Hall at Philadelphia's Temple University (send photos to Bob@rsr.org) - hundreds of stalactites at Australia's zinc mine at Mt. Isa.   - and those beneath Melbourne's Shrine of Remembrance. * Most Human Mutations Arose in 200 Generations: From Adam until Real Science Radio, in only 200 generations! The journal Nature reports The Recent Origin of Most Human Protein-coding Variants. As summarized by geneticist co-author Joshua Akey, "Most of the mutations that we found arose in the last 200 generations or so" (the same number previously published by biblical creationists). Another 2012 paper, in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology (Eugenie Scott's own field) on High mitochondrial mutation rates, shows that one mitochondrial DNA mutation occurs every other generation, which, as creationists point out, indicates that mtEve would have lived about 200 generations ago. That's not so old! * National Geographic's Not-So-Old Hard-Rock Canyon at Mount St. Helens: As our List of Not So Old Things (this web page) reveals, by a kneejerk reaction evolutionary scientists assign ages of tens or hundreds of thousands of years (or at least just long enough to contradict Moses' chronology in Genesis.) However, with closer study, routinely, more and more old ages get revised downward to fit the world's growing scientific knowledge. So the trend is not that more information lengthens ages, but rather, as data replaces guesswork, ages tend to shrink until they are consistent with the young-earth biblical timeframe. Consistent with this observation, the May 2000 issue of National Geographic quotes the U.S. Forest Service's scientist at Mount St. Helens, Peter Frenzen, describing the canyon on the north side of the volcano. "You'd expect a hard-rock canyon to be thousands, even hundreds of thousands of years old. But this was cut in less than a decade." And as for the volcano itself, while again, the kneejerk reaction of old-earthers would be to claim that most geologic features are hundreds of thousands or millions of years old, the atheistic National Geographic magazine acknowledges from the evidence that Mount St. Helens, the volcanic mount, is only about 4,000 years old! See below and more at rsr.org/mount-st-helens. * Mount St. Helens Dome Ten Years Old not 1.7 Million: Geochron Laboratories of Cambridge, Mass., using potassium-argon and other radiometric techniques claims the rock sample they dated, from the volcano's dome, solidified somewhere between 340,000 and 2.8 million years ago. However photographic evidence and historical reports document the dome's formation during the 1980s, just ten years prior to the samples being collected. With the age of this rock known, radiometric dating therefore gets the age 99.99999% wrong. * Devils Hole Pupfish Isolated Not for 13,000 Years But for 100: Secular scientists default to knee-jerk, older-than-Bible-age dates. However, a tiny Mojave desert fish is having none of it. Rather than having been genetically isolated from other fish for 13,000 years (which would make this small school of fish older than the Earth itself), according to a paper in the journal Nature, actual measurements of mutation rates indicate that the genetic diversity of these Pupfish could have been generated in about 100 years, give or take a few. * Polystrates like Spines and Rare Schools of Fossilized Jellyfish: Previously, seven sedimentary layers in Wisconsin had been described as taking a million years to form. And because jellyfish have no skeleton, as Charles Darwin pointed out, it is rare to find them among fossils. But now, reported in the journal Geology, a school of jellyfish fossils have been found throughout those same seven layers. So, polystrate fossils that condense the time of strata deposition from eons to hours or months, include: - Jellyfish in central Wisconsin were not deposited and fossilized over a million years but during a single event quick enough to trap a whole school. (This fossil school, therefore, taken as a unit forms a polystrate fossil.) Examples are everywhere that falsify the claims of strata deposition over millions of years. - Countless trilobites buried in astounding three dimensionality around the world are meticulously recovered from limestone, much of which is claimed to have been deposited very slowly. Contrariwise, because these specimens were buried rapidly in quickly laid down sediments, they show no evidence of greater erosion on their upper parts as compared to their lower parts. - The delicacy of radiating spine polystrates, like tadpole and jellyfish fossils, especially clearly demonstrate the rapidity of such strata deposition. - A second school of jellyfish, even though they rarely fossilized, exists in another locale with jellyfish fossils in multiple layers, in Australia's Brockman Iron Formation, constraining there too the rate of strata deposition. By the way, jellyfish are an example of evolution's big squeeze. Like galaxies evolving too quickly, 

Listen in as Real Science Radio host Fred Williams and co-host Doug McBurney review and update some of Bob Enyart's legendary list of not so old things! From Darwin's Finches to opals forming in months to man's genetic diversity in 200 generations, to carbon 14 everywhere it's not supposed to be (including in diamonds and dinosaur bones!), scientific observations simply defy the claim that the earth is billions of years old. Real science demands the dismissal of the alleged million and billion year ages asserted by the ungodly and the foolish.   * Finches Adapt in 17 Years, Not 2.3 Million: Charles Darwin's finches are claimed to have taken 2,300,000 years to diversify from an initial species blown onto the Galapagos Islands. Yet individuals from a single finch species on a U.S. Bird Reservation in the Pacific were introduced to a group of small islands 300 miles away and in at most 17 years, like Darwin's finches, they had diversified their beaks, related muscles, and behavior to fill various ecological niches. Hear about this also at rsr.org/spetner.  * Finches Speciate in Two Generations vs Two Million Years for Darwin's Birds?  Darwin's finches on the Galapagos Islands are said to have diversified into 14 species over a period of two million years. But in 2017 the journal Science reported a newcomer to the Island which within two generations spawned a reproductively isolated new species. In another instance as documented by Lee Spetner, a hundred birds of the same finch species introduced to an island cluster a 1,000 kilometers from Galapagos diversified into species with the typical variations in beak sizes, etc. "If this diversification occurred in less than seventeen years," Dr. Spetner asks, "why did Darwin's Galapagos finches [as claimed by evolutionists] have to take two million years?" * Opals Can Form in "A Few Months" And Don't Need 100,000 Years: A leading authority on opals, Allan W. Eckert, observed that, "scientific papers and textbooks have told that the process of opal formation requires tens of thousands of years, perhaps hundreds of thousands... Not true." A 2011 peer-reviewed paper in a geology journal from Australia, where almost all the world's opal is found, reported on the: "new timetable for opal formation involving weeks to a few months and not the hundreds of thousands of years envisaged by the conventional weathering model." (And apparently, per a 2019 report from Entomology Today, opals can even form around insects!) More knowledgeable scientists resist the uncritical, group-think insistence on false super-slow formation rates (as also for manganese nodules, gold veins, stone, petroleum, canyons and gullies, and even guts, all below). Regarding opals, Darwinian bias led geologists to long ignore possible quick action, as from microbes, as a possible explanation for these mineraloids. For both in nature and in the lab, opals form rapidly, not even in 10,000 years, but in weeks. See this also from creationists by a geologist, a paleobiochemist, and a nuclear chemist. * Blue Eyes Originated Not So Long Ago: Not a million years ago, nor a hundred thousand years ago, but based on a peer-reviewed paper in Human Genetics, a press release at Science Daily reports that, "research shows that people with blue eyes have a single, common ancestor. A team at the University of Copenhagen have tracked down a genetic mutation which took place 6-10,000 years ago and is the cause of the eye color of all blue-eyed humans alive on the planet today." * Adding the Entire Universe to our List of Not So Old Things? Based on March 2019 findings from Hubble, Nobel laureate Adam Riess of the Space Telescope Science Institute and his co-authors in the Astrophysical Journal estimate that the universe is about a billion years younger than previously thought! Then in September 2019 in the journal Science, the age dropped precipitously to as low as 11.4 billion years! Of course, these measurements also further squeeze the canonical story of the big bang chronology with its many already existing problems including the insufficient time to "evolve" distant mature galaxies, galaxy clusters, superclusters, enormous black holes, filaments, bubbles, walls, and other superstructures. So, even though the latest estimates are still absurdly too old (Google: big bang predictions, and click on the #1 ranked article, or just go on over there to rsr.org/bb), regardless, we thought we'd plop the whole universe down on our List of Not So Old Things!   * After the Soft Tissue Discoveries, NOW Dino DNA: When a North Carolina State University paleontologist took the Tyrannosaurus Rex photos to the right of original biological material, that led to the 2016 discovery of dinosaur DNA, So far researchers have also recovered dinosaur blood vessels, collagen, osteocytes, hemoglobin, red blood cells, and various proteins. As of May 2018, twenty-six scientific journals, including Nature, Science, PNAS, PLoS One, Bone, and Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, have confirmed the discovery of biomaterial fossils from many dinosaurs! Organisms including T. Rex, hadrosaur, titanosaur, triceratops, Lufengosaur, mosasaur, and Archaeopteryx, and many others dated, allegedly, even hundreds of millions of years old, have yielded their endogenous, still-soft biological material. See the web's most complete listing of 100+ journal papers (screenshot, left) announcing these discoveries at bflist.rsr.org and see it in layman's terms at rsr.org/soft. * Rapid Stalactites, Stalagmites, Etc.: A construction worker in 1954 left a lemonade bottle in one of Australia's famous Jenolan Caves. By 2011 it had been naturally transformed into a stalagmite (below, right). Increasing scientific knowledge is arguing for rapid cave formation (see below, Nat'l Park Service shrinks Carlsbad Caverns formation estimates from 260M years, to 10M, to 2M, to it "depends"). Likewise, examples are growing of rapid formations with typical chemical make-up (see bottle, left) of classic stalactites and stalagmites including: - in Nat'l Geo the Carlsbad Caverns stalagmite that rapidly covered a bat - the tunnel stalagmites at Tennessee's Raccoon Mountain - hundreds of stalactites beneath the Lincoln Memorial - those near Gladfelter Hall at Philadelphia's Temple University (send photos to Bob@rsr.org) - hundreds of stalactites at Australia's zinc mine at Mt. Isa.   - and those beneath Melbourne's Shrine of Remembrance. * Most Human Mutations Arose in 200 Generations: From Adam until Real Science Radio, in only 200 generations! The journal Nature reports The Recent Origin of Most Human Protein-coding Variants. As summarized by geneticist co-author Joshua Akey, "Most of the mutations that we found arose in the last 200 generations or so" (the same number previously published by biblical creationists). Another 2012 paper, in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology (Eugenie Scott's own field) on High mitochondrial mutation rates, shows that one mitochondrial DNA mutation occurs every other generation, which, as creationists point out, indicates that mtEve would have lived about 200 generations ago. That's not so old! * National Geographic's Not-So-Old Hard-Rock Canyon at Mount St. Helens: As our List of Not So Old Things (this web page) reveals, by a kneejerk reaction evolutionary scientists assign ages of tens or hundreds of thousands of years (or at least just long enough to contradict Moses' chronology in Genesis.) However, with closer study, routinely, more and more old ages get revised downward to fit the world's growing scientific knowledge. So the trend is not that more information lengthens ages, but rather, as data replaces guesswork, ages tend to shrink until they are consistent with the young-earth biblical timeframe. Consistent with this observation, the May 2000 issue of National Geographic quotes the U.S. Forest Service's scientist at Mount St. Helens, Peter Frenzen, describing the canyon on the north side of the volcano. "You'd expect a hard-rock canyon to be thousands, even hundreds of thousands of years old. But this was cut in less than a decade." And as for the volcano itself, while again, the kneejerk reaction of old-earthers would be to claim that most geologic features are hundreds of thousands or millions of years old, the atheistic National Geographic magazine acknowledges from the evidence that Mount St. Helens, the volcanic mount, is only about 4,000 years old! See below and more at rsr.org/mount-st-helens. * Mount St. Helens Dome Ten Years Old not 1.7 Million: Geochron Laboratories of Cambridge, Mass., using potassium-argon and other radiometric techniques claims the rock sample they dated, from the volcano's dome, solidified somewhere between 340,000 and 2.8 million years ago. However photographic evidence and historical reports document the dome's formation during the 1980s, just ten years prior to the samples being collected. With the age of this rock known, radiometric dating therefore gets the age 99.99999% wrong. * Devils Hole Pupfish Isolated Not for 13,000 Years But for 100: Secular scientists default to knee-jerk, older-than-Bible-age dates. However, a tiny Mojave desert fish is having none of it. Rather than having been genetically isolated from other fish for 13,000 years (which would make this small school of fish older than the Earth itself), according to a paper in the journal Nature, actual measurements of mutation rates indicate that the genetic diversity of these Pupfish could have been generated in about 100 years, give or take a few. * Polystrates like Spines and Rare Schools of Fossilized Jellyfish: Previously, seven sedimentary layers in Wisconsin had been described as taking a million years to form. And because jellyfish have no skeleton, as Charles Darwin pointed out, it is rare to find them among fossils. But now, reported in the journal Geology, a school of jellyfish fossils have been found throughout those same seven layers. So, polystrate fossils that condense the time of strata deposition from eons to hours or months, include: - Jellyfish in central Wisconsin were not deposited and fossilized over a million years but during a single event quick enough to trap a whole school. (This fossil school, therefore, taken as a unit forms a polystrate fossil.) Examples are everywhere that falsify the claims of strata deposition over millions of years. - Countless trilobites buried in astounding three dimensionality around the world are meticulously recovered from limestone, much of which is claimed to have been deposited very slowly. Contrariwise, because these specimens were buried rapidly in quickly laid down sediments, they show no evidence of greater erosion on their upper parts as compared to their lower parts. - The delicacy of radiating spine polystrates, like tadpole and jellyfish fossils, especially clearly demonstrate the rapidity of such strata deposition. - A second school of jellyfish, even though they rarely fossilized, exists in another locale with jellyfish fossils in multiple layers, in Australia's Brockman Iron Formation, constraining there too the rate of strata deposition. By the way, jellyfish are an example of evolution's big squeeze. Like galaxies e

Modeling extreme heat waves Science Sessions are brief conversations with cutting-edge researchers, National Academy members, and policymakers as they discuss topics relevant to today's scientific community. Learn the behind-the-scenes story of work published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), plus a broad range of scientific news about discoveries that affect the world around us. In this episode, Kai Kornhuber explains how and why climate models struggle to reproduce extreme heat wave trends. In this episode, we cover: •[00:00] Introduction •[00:53] Extreme weather climatologist Kai Kornhuber explains why modeling heat waves is important. •[01:38] He talks about how the study modeled hotspots of anomalous heat wave activity. •[03:01] Kornhuber tells where the hotspots are located. •[04:17] He explains how well climate models reproduce these trends. •[06:43] He talks about ways climate modelers can improve model representation of heat waves. •[07:48] Kornhuber describes the caveats and limitations of the study.  •[09:08] He enumerates the key takeaways. •[10:18] Conclusion. About Our Guest: Kai Kornhuber Senior Research Scholar International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis View related content here: https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2411258121 Follow us on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts for more captivating discussions on scientific breakthroughs! Visit Science Sessions on PNAS.org: https://www.pnas.org/about/science-sessions-podcast  Follow PNAS: Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn YouTube Sign up for the PNAS Highlights newsletter

Aujourd'hui, on va parler d'un sujet à la fois étonnant… et un peu inquiétant : le QI baisse. Oui, vous avez bien entendu. Alors que notre monde n'a jamais été aussi connecté, aussi technologique, une tendance surprenante se confirme depuis quelques décennies : le quotient intellectuel moyen est en train de diminuer. Mais pourquoi ? Et surtout, est-ce qu'on peut y faire quelque chose ?Une étude parue en 2023, basée sur les données de 300 000 personnes dans 72 pays entre 1948 et 2020, a révélé un constat frappant. Entre la fin des années 40 et le milieu des années 80, le QI moyen augmentait régulièrement : environ 2,4 points par décennie. Mais depuis 1986, la tendance s'est inversée. On observe désormais une baisse de 1,8 point tous les 10 ans.Alors qu'est-ce qui se passe ? Est-ce qu'on devient tous moins intelligents ?Zoom sur une étude norvégienne intriganteEn 2018, deux chercheurs norvégiens, Bernt Bratsberg et Ole Rogeberg, ont voulu creuser cette question. Leur étude, publiée dans la revue PNAS, a analysé plus de 735 000 résultats de tests de QI… et identifié une baisse nette chez les personnes nées après 1975.Mais surtout, en comparant des frères nés à quelques années d'intervalle, ils ont remarqué des différences de QI entre eux. Autrement dit : ce n'est pas la génétique ou l'éducation parentale qui expliquent cette baisse. Le problème viendrait donc… de notre environnement.Un cerveau sous influenceEt justement, notre environnement a beaucoup changé.D'abord, il y a notre rapport aux écrans. Peut-être avez-vous déjà entendu parler du “Pop-Corn Brain” ? C'est ce phénomène où notre cerveau saute d'une info à une autre, comme du maïs dans une casserole, sans jamais se poser. Résultat : notre capacité d'attention et d'analyse s'effrite.Ensuite, l'école. Dans beaucoup de pays, les programmes ont été allégés, la lecture a perdu du terrain, et l'effort intellectuel se fait plus rare.Il y a aussi des causes plus invisibles : les perturbateurs endocriniens, notre alimentation… Et puis bien sûr, l'intelligence artificielle. Elle nous facilite la vie, oui. Mais elle nous pousse aussi à déléguer des tâches cognitives : plus besoin de retenir, de rédiger, de réfléchir.Mais tout n'est pas perduLe bon côté de tout ça ? C'est que ce sont des causes sur lesquelles on peut agir. Parce que si l'intelligence baisse à cause de notre environnement… alors on peut changer cet environnement.Lire un peu chaque jour. Prendre du temps pour réfléchir, sans écran. Laisser son cerveau s'ennuyer, aussi, parfois. Ce sont des gestes simples, mais puissants.Le QI baisse, oui. Mais notre capacité à le faire remonter est entre nos mains. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Most iguanas are indigenous to the Americas. So how did the Fijian species end up on the island, nearly 5000 miles away in the South Pacific? According to a new study in the journal PNAS, it was probably via raft ... that is, on clump of floating trees. And this rafting hypothesis isn't entirely unprecedented. After hurricanes Luis and Marilyn hit the Caribbean in the 1990s, researchers found that a group of iguanas had floated over 180 miles away from Guadeloupe to the territory of Anguilla. Want to hear more about iguanas? Or rafts? Or evolutionary biology? Email us at shortwave@npr.org.Listen to every episode of Short Wave sponsor-free and support our work at NPR by signing up for Short Wave+ at plus.npr.org/shortwave.Learn more about sponsor message choices: podcastchoices.com/adchoicesNPR Privacy Policy

Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ 2022 höchster Textilverbrauch ever in der EU +++ Klimawandel für 1.000 Jahre simuliert +++ Mikroplastik in synthetischen und in natürlichen Kaugummis +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Circularity of the EU textiles value chain in numbers, European Environment Agency, 25.03.2025Interplay between climate and carbon cycle feedbacks could substantially enhance future warming, Environmental Research Letters, 24.03.2025Chewing Gums: Unintended sources of ingested microplastics in humans, Frühjahrs-Konferenz der American Chemical Society, 25.03.2025Order–disorder transition in multidirectional crowds, PNAS, 24.03.2025Brain iron load and neuroaxonal vulnerability in adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 27.02.2025Alle Quellen findet ihr hier.**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: TikTok und Instagram .

Reconsidering the social cost of carbon Science Sessions are brief conversations with cutting-edge researchers, National Academy members, and policymakers as they discuss topics relevant to today's scientific community. Learn the behind-the-scenes story of work published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), plus a broad range of scientific news about discoveries that affect the world around us. In this episode, Frances Moore presents a re-analysis of how the social costs of carbon emissions are quantified. In this episode, we cover: •[00:00] Introduction •[00:50] Climate economist Frances Moore explains the “social cost of carbon.” •[02:21] She describes the background of the study.  •[03:35] She talks about the methods of the study, which included a survey of experts. •[05:18] Moore presents the results, including underestimation of the social cost of carbon. •[07:02] She talks about the policy implications of the study. •[08:35] Moore discusses the caveats and limitations of the study. •[09:21] Conclusion. About Our Guest: Frances Moore Associate professor University of California, Davis View related content here: https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2410733121 Follow us on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts for more captivating discussions on scientific breakthroughs! Visit Science Sessions on PNAS.org: https://www.pnas.org/about/science-sessions-podcast  Follow PNAS: Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn YouTube Sign up for the PNAS Highlights newsletter

Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ Auswandern im Ruhestand kann einsam machen +++ Leguane schafften Tausende Kilometer auf Treibgut +++ Blutspenden kann gesundheitliche Vorteile bringen +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Trouble in Paradise? Emotional and Social Loneliness Among International Retirement Migrants, Psychology and Aging, 13.03.2025Iguanas rafted more than 8,000 km from North America to Fiji, PNAS, 17.03.2025Clonal Hematopoiesis Landscape in Frequent Blood Donors, Blood, 11.03. 2025Refugium amidst ruins: Unearthing the lost flora that escaped the end-Permian mass extinction, Science Advances, 12.03.2025Leistung von Solarmodulen oft zu hoch angegeben, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, 12.03.2025Alle Quellen findet ihr hier.**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: TikTok und Instagram .

How hula hoops stay aloft Science Sessions are brief conversations with cutting-edge researchers, National Academy members, and policymakers as they discuss topics relevant to today's scientific community. Learn the behind-the-scenes story of work published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), plus a broad range of scientific news about discoveries that affect the world around us. In this episode, Olivia Pomerenk reveals the physics of hula hooping. In this episode, we cover: •[00:00] Introduction •[00:49] Applied mathematician Olivia Pomerenk talks about the history of hula hooping. •[01:52] Pomerenk explains the fascinating nature of hula hoop motion as well as her own personal experiences with the children's toy. •[02:44] She describes the experimental setup with robotic hula hoopers, as well as the mathematical model that arose from experiments. •[04:44] Pomerenk enumerates the forces needed for successful hula hooping.  •[05:51] She explains how body shape affects hula hooping. •[07:17] She explores potential applications of the findings. •[08:01] Pomerenk discusses the caveats and limitations of the study. •[08:44] Conclusion. About Our Guests: Olivia Pomerenk PhD Candidate Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University View related content here: https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2411588121 Follow us on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts for more captivating discussions on scientific breakthroughs! Visit Science Sessions on PNAS.org: https://www.pnas.org/about/science-sessions-podcast  Follow PNAS: Twitter/X Facebook  LinkedIn YouTube Sign up for the PNAS Highlights newsletter

Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ Meereis an Nord- und Südpol schrumpft auf historisches Tief +++ Männer mit besserer Sperma-Qualität leben länger +++ Milliardäre in Deutschland sind meistens Männer +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Copernicus: Global sea ice cover at a record low and third-warmest February globally, Copernicus, 5.3.2025Semen quality and lifespan: a study of 78 284 men followed for up to 50 years, Human Reproduction, 5.3.2025Systematic bone tool production at 1.5 million years ago, Nature, 5.3.2025Männer, Milliarden, Macht: Wie die fehlende Besteuerung von Vermögen Geschlechterungleichheit zementiert, Oxfam Deutschland, 6.3.2025Urban highways are barriers to social ties, PNAS, 4.3.2025Alle Quellen findet ihr hier.**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: TikTok auf&ab , TikTok wie_geht und Instagram .

durée : 00:05:05 - Avec sciences - par : Alexandre Morales - Une publication parue dans la revue PNAS dévoile une méthode pour produire des anticorps simplifiés, plus facilement et pour moins cher. Une spectaculaire avancée thérapeutique.

L'augmentation progressive de la taille du cerveau humain au cours de l'évolution est un phénomène fascinant, qui a accompagné le développement de nos capacités cognitives. Mais quels sont les mécanismes qui ont conduit à cette évolution ? Une récente étude, publiée dans la revue PNAS, apporte un éclairage nouveau sur ce sujet en analysant les volumes crâniens sur une période de 7 millions d'années.Une croissance graduelle au sein des espècesLes chercheurs ont distingué deux dynamiques dans l'évolution du cerveau : celle qui se produit au sein d'une espèce et celle qui intervient entre différentes espèces. En examinant les données fossiles, ils ont constaté que, pour chaque espèce humaine étudiée, la taille du cerveau augmentait progressivement au fil du temps. Ce phénomène pourrait être lié à la sélection naturelle, qui favorise les individus aux capacités cognitives supérieures, leur permettant de mieux s'adapter à leur environnement.Une évolution liée aux changements environnementaux et sociauxL'augmentation de la taille du cerveau ne s'est pas produite au hasard. Plusieurs facteurs ont joué un rôle clé, notamment les changements environnementaux et les pressions de sélection qui en ont découlé. Par exemple, les ancêtres des humains modernes ont dû faire face à des climats instables, les obligeant à développer des stratégies de survie plus complexes. La fabrication d'outils, la chasse en groupe et l'émergence du langage ont ainsi contribué à renforcer l'intelligence et, par conséquent, à favoriser les individus ayant un cerveau plus développé.Des transitions entre espèces avec des sauts évolutifsL'analyse montre également que si, au sein d'une même espèce, la croissance du cerveau est progressive, des sauts évolutifs ont eu lieu lors des transitions entre différentes espèces. Par exemple, le passage de Homo habilis à Homo erectus, puis à Homo sapiens, a été marqué par des augmentations significatives du volume crânien. Ces sauts pourraient être liés à des innovations majeures, comme la maîtrise du feu ou l'amélioration des structures sociales, qui ont offert un avantage évolutif aux individus dotés d'un cerveau plus grand.Une augmentation qui a des limitesSi le cerveau humain a continué de croître pendant des millions d'années, cette tendance semble s'être stabilisée depuis quelques milliers d'années. En effet, un cerveau plus grand demande plus d'énergie et entraîne des contraintes physiologiques. L'évolution semble désormais privilégier une meilleure efficacité cérébrale plutôt qu'une simple augmentation de taille. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ Kurzsichtig durch zu viel Bildschirmzeit? +++ Lieblingsfarbe Gelb bei Hunden? +++ Fellwechsel bei Grauhörnchen wegen Verkehrsunfällen? +++**********Zusätzliche InformationenDigital Screen Time and Myopia - A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis, JAMA Network Open, 21.2.2025Ready, set, yellow! color preference of Indian free-ranging dogs, Animal Cognition, 4.2.2025No evidence for Peto's paradox in terrestrial vertebrates, PNAS, 24.2.2025A computational perspective on the dynamics of early architecture. Archaeological Research in Asia, März 2025New fish migrations into the Panama Canal increase likelihood of interoceanic invasions in the Americas, Current Biology, 21.2.2025Road mortality contributes to the evolution of an urban-rural cline in squirrel coat color, 11.2.2025**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: TikTok auf&ab , TikTok wie_geht und Instagram .

Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ Symptom-Checker-Apps können vor Arztbesuch helfen +++ Cleverness verhilft Fischmännchen zu mehr Nachwuchs +++ Holz könnte Haarpflege nachhaltiger machen +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Hilf mir, App! Symptom-Checker im Praxistest, Stiftung Warentest, 25.02.2025Paternity analysis reveals sexual selection on cognitive performance in mosquitofish, nature ecology & evolution, 25.02.2025Ancient ocean coastal deposits imaged on Mars, PNAS, 24.02.2025Neue Erinnerungstafel zur Flugblattaktion der Geschwister Scholl, LMU, 24.02.2025Lignin gel emulsions for environmentally benign hair conditioning, Science Advances, 21.02.2025Alle Quellen findet ihr hier.**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: TikTok auf&ab , TikTok wie_geht und Instagram .

L'augmentation progressive de la taille du cerveau humain au cours de l'évolution est un phénomène fascinant, qui a accompagné le développement de nos capacités cognitives. Mais quels sont les mécanismes qui ont conduit à cette évolution ? Une récente étude, publiée dans la revue PNAS, apporte un éclairage nouveau sur ce sujet en analysant les volumes crâniens sur une période de 7 millions d'années.Une croissance graduelle au sein des espècesLes chercheurs ont distingué deux dynamiques dans l'évolution du cerveau : celle qui se produit au sein d'une espèce et celle qui intervient entre différentes espèces. En examinant les données fossiles, ils ont constaté que, pour chaque espèce humaine étudiée, la taille du cerveau augmentait progressivement au fil du temps. Ce phénomène pourrait être lié à la sélection naturelle, qui favorise les individus aux capacités cognitives supérieures, leur permettant de mieux s'adapter à leur environnement.Une évolution liée aux changements environnementaux et sociauxL'augmentation de la taille du cerveau ne s'est pas produite au hasard. Plusieurs facteurs ont joué un rôle clé, notamment les changements environnementaux et les pressions de sélection qui en ont découlé. Par exemple, les ancêtres des humains modernes ont dû faire face à des climats instables, les obligeant à développer des stratégies de survie plus complexes. La fabrication d'outils, la chasse en groupe et l'émergence du langage ont ainsi contribué à renforcer l'intelligence et, par conséquent, à favoriser les individus ayant un cerveau plus développé.Des transitions entre espèces avec des sauts évolutifsL'analyse montre également que si, au sein d'une même espèce, la croissance du cerveau est progressive, des sauts évolutifs ont eu lieu lors des transitions entre différentes espèces. Par exemple, le passage de Homo habilis à Homo erectus, puis à Homo sapiens, a été marqué par des augmentations significatives du volume crânien. Ces sauts pourraient être liés à des innovations majeures, comme la maîtrise du feu ou l'amélioration des structures sociales, qui ont offert un avantage évolutif aux individus dotés d'un cerveau plus grand.Une augmentation qui a des limitesSi le cerveau humain a continué de croître pendant des millions d'années, cette tendance semble s'être stabilisée depuis quelques milliers d'années. En effet, un cerveau plus grand demande plus d'énergie et entraîne des contraintes physiologiques. L'évolution semble désormais privilégier une meilleure efficacité cérébrale plutôt qu'une simple augmentation de taille. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Erosion, subsidence, and sea level rise on Arctic coastlines Science Sessions are brief conversations with cutting-edge researchers, National Academy members, and policymakers as they discuss topics relevant to today's scientific community. Learn the behind-the-scenes story of work published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), plus a broad range of scientific news about discoveries that affect the world around us. In this episode, Roger Creel describes how compounding forces could reshape a thawing Arctic coastline. In this episode, we cover: •[00:00] Introduction •[00:57] Sea level geophysicist Roger Creel introduces the importance of subsidence in Arctic coastline erosion.  •[02:04] Creel describes his firsthand experiences seeing how erosion, subsidence, and sea level rise are impacting Alaskan communities. •[03:43] He explains how his model of coastline impacts was constructed. •[05:49] He describes the results of the study. •[06:43] Creel talks about the risks to coastal infrastructure. •[08:10] He lists the caveats and limitations of the study. •[08:54] Creel says that the coastline impacts may differ in different parts of the Arctic, depending on glacial history. •[09:25] He explains the takeaways from the study. •[10:39] Conclusion. About Our Guests: Roger Creel Postdoctoral scholar Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution View related content here: https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2409411121 Follow us on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts for more captivating discussions on scientific breakthroughs! Visit Science Sessions on PNAS.org: https://www.pnas.org/about/science-sessions-podcast  Follow PNAS: Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn YouTube Sign up for the PNAS Highlights newsletter

As soon as the last ice age glaciers melted, Indigenous people occupied this siteA recently discovered archaeological site in Saskatchewan, dated to just less than 11,000 years ago is the oldest settlement in the region by about 1,500 years. It also is evidence that Indigenous people settled there as soon as the environment could support them after the glaciers disappeared. Glenn Stuart, from the University of Saskatchewan, is one of the archaeologists working along with local Indigenous community members to preserve and study the site.Just the right magnetic field will make sea turtles do a ‘happy dance'Researchers investigating how sea turtles navigate the vast and trackless ocean have discovered just how sensitive the reptiles' magnetic sense is, as they can even use it to identify the location of food resources. While feeding the loggerhead turtles in the lab, Kayla Goforth, a postdoctoral researcher at Texas A&M University noticed that the turtles would perform a ‘happy dance' when they recognized the right magnetic signature. She led this research that was published in the journal Nature.Intense exercise causes our bodies to belch out DNA that may reduce inflammationScientists were surprised to discover that the more intensely you exercise, the more certain immune cells belch out fragments of DNA that can form webs to trap pathogens, and lead to fewer pro-inflammatory immune cells circulating in our blood. Canadian researcher Stephen Montgomery, a professor of pathology at Stanford University, said their findings suggest that circulating cell-free DNA may play a role in how exercise lowers inflammation in the body. The study was published in the journal PNAS. An ancient Antarctic duck lived at the time of T-RexBirds are the last surviving lineage of dinosaurs, but modern birds are surprisingly ancient – dating to before the extinction of the rest of their family. An extremely rare, nearly intact bird skull found in Antarctica and dated to about 69 million years ago confirms this. This waterfowl had similarities to ducks and loons. Chris Torres is an assistant professor at the University of the Pacific in Stockton California and was part of the team that analyzed this fossil. Their research was published in the journal Nature.Science is being transformed by the AI revolutionThe stunning advances in artificial intelligence that we see with internet AI apps are just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to science. Researchers from almost every field are experimenting with this powerful new tool to diagnose disease, understand climate change, develop strategies for conservation and discover new kinds of materials. And AI is on the threshold of being able to make discoveries all by itself. Will it put scientists out of a job?Producer Amanda Buckiewicz spoke with:Jeff Clune, a professor of computer science at the University of British Columbia, a Canada CIFAR AI Chair at the Vector Institute, and a senior research advisor to DeepMind. He's also a co-author of The AI Scientist.Allison Noble, a Professor of Biomedical Engineering at the University of Oxford and a Foreign Secretary at the Royal Society, and chair of the Science in the Age of AI working group.Elissa Strome, executive director of the Pan-Canadian Artificial Intelligence Strategy at CIFAR.Cong Lu, postdoctoral research and teaching fellow at the University of British Columbia and the Vector Institute, and a co-author of The AI Scientist.Fred Morstatter, a research assistant professor at the University of Southern California, and a principal scientist at USC's Information Sciences Institute.

A little bit of scratching can do some good, but too much can hurtScratching an itch can feel great, so scientists decided to dig into why that is the case since we know too much scratching isn't good for us. Dr. Dan Kaplan, a professor of dermatology and immunology at the University of Pittsburgh, said they found that scratching drives inflammation to the skin, which, in light moderation, helps to fight bacterial skin infections. But he warns that continual or excessive scratching can prolong an itch and potentially damage the skin. Their study is in the journal Science. Bear hazing goes high-tech with dronesA wildlife manager in the US has found that drones can be a safe and effective way to discourage problem bears from troubling human habitation and livestock. Wesley Sarmento started working in the prairies of Montana to prevent bear-human conflicts, but found the usual tricks of the trade were not as effective as he wanted them to be. Previously he tried to use noisemakers, dogs, trucks, and firearms, but buzzing bears with flying robots turned out to work much better. Now a PhD student at the University of Montana, he published an article about his hazing research in Frontiers in Conservation Science.Ants can remember and hold grudges against those who trouble themWhen ants fight with those from another nearby colony, it makes an impression. A new study has found the insects can remember the chemical signature of the aggressors, and will respond more vigorously and violently the next time they cross paths. Dr. Volker Nehring, a researcher at the University of Freiburg, Germany, describes the phenomenon as “the nasty neighbour" where ants are most aggressive to ant colonies closest to them, and says this is due to resource protection. Dr Nehring and his team's research was published in the journal Current Biology.Scientists on the front line of permafrost thaw describe changes in the Arctic The acceleration of change in the Arctic due to global warming is transforming the landscape on a year-to-year basis, often in surprising ways. That's according to scientists who've been studying the effects of climate change in the North. One study found that lakes in Western Greenland shifted from pristine blue to dirty brown from one year to the next due to increased permafrost melting and runoff. Jasmine Saros, a lake ecologist from the University of Maine, said they were astonished by the magnitude of change they saw in all 10 lakes they studied and how quickly it happened. That study was published in the journal PNAS. We also speak with William Quinton, a permafrost hydrologist from Wilfred Laurier University and the director of the Scotty Creek Research Station in southern Northwest Territories, an area he describes as “the frontline of permafrost thaw.” Quinton was part of a research team, led by Anna Virkkala from the Woodwell Climate Research Centre, that found that 34 per cent of the Arctic Boreal Zone — a region where carbon was safely locked up in the permafrost for thousands of years — has now become a carbon source. That study is in the journal Nature Climate Change.

How brains and AI systems process moving images Science Sessions are brief conversations with cutting-edge researchers, National Academy members, and policymakers as they discuss topics relevant to today's scientific community. Learn the behind-the-scenes story of work published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), plus a broad range of scientific news about discoveries that affect the world around us. In this episode, Hollis Cline describes how neuroscience informed development of an artificial intelligence movie recognition system. In this episode, we cover: •[00:00] Introduction •[00:55] Neuroscientist Hollis Cline introduces the background of the study. •[01:49] Cline talks about the current limitations of artificial intelligence movie recognition. •[02:58] She explains why Xenopus tadpoles were used as subjects in this study. •[03:29] Cline talks about the experimental setup and procedure. •[05:53] She explains the results of tadpole neurological monitoring. •[06:32] Cline adds findings about neural plasticity and learning. •[07:53] She describes how the findings led to an artificial intelligence system and the system's capabilities. •[09:53] Caveats and limitations of the study. •[10:22] Conclusion. About Our Guests: Hollis Cline Professor Scripps Research Institute View related content here: https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2412260121 Follow us on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts for more captivating discussions on scientific breakthroughs! Visit Science Sessions on PNAS.org: https://www.pnas.org/about/science-sessions-podcast  Follow PNAS: Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn YouTube Sign up the Highlights newsletter

VYS0047 | The Weird Review Of The Year 2024 - Show Notes [Caution: This episode contains an extreme weariness for bullshit that some listeners may find triggering] 2024 was a tough year, weird but tough. And looking back over it doesn't make it any better. In what amounts to a rapid and inexorable descent into madness Hine and Buckley pick apart the weird and, frankly, fucking dystopian year that was 2024. Bouncing between jaded despair and hysterical mania the Vayse boys mull over the topics that dominated 2024: UFOs, Artificial Intelligence and Elon Fucking Musk. Whilst stumbling around in the intoxicating embrace of the seemingly endless darkness they also uncover strange stories of interconnected dreams, robot dogs with flame throwers, robot faces with living skin, bowls of goo with pong skills, plots to genetically engineer super-sheep, a surprising number of goblin attacks and perhaps, maybe, possibly a giant lake dwelling cow...? Recorded 22 January 2025 Massive thanks to Keith who had to tackle the show notes for this long and difficult episode - you can follow him at: : @peakflow.bsky.social As usual, the news stories in this episode were sourced from the weird and wonderous website: https://www.unexplained-mysteries.com/ - bookmark it and check it daily. Hine's Intro How Far Have You Travelled? - Michael Owen Carroll (https://www.michaelowencarroll.com/howfar.htm) Oligarchy - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligarchy) A Wizard of Earthsea: True names - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Wizard_of_Earthsea#True_names) What Is Late-Stage Capitalism? - The Balance (https://www.thebalancemoney.com/late-stage-capitalism-definition-why-it-s-trending-4172369) Animal Farm - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_Farm) January ‘Jellyfish' UFO MoD expert gives surprising verdict on ‘Jellyfish UFO' hovering over Iraq - Metro (https://metro.co.uk/2024/01/10/jellyfish-ufo-iraq-airbase-well-real-says-mod-expert-20095286/amp/) Jellyfish UFO Analysis by Mick West - YouTube (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ojotsKjshHc) "Those Are Balls" - Arrested Development - YouTube (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6cQ3f13Oq7c) Neuralink human brain implant Elon Musk's Neuralink implants brain chip in first human - Reuters (https://www.reuters.com/technology/neuralink-implants-brain-chip-first-human-musk-says-2024-01-29/) Brain implants: what are the ethical issues of wiring up our minds? - Unexplained Mysteries (https://www.unexplained-mysteries.com/news/374601/brain-implants-what-are-the-ethical-issues-of-wiring-up-our-minds) March 2024 - Neuralink video shows patient using brain implant to play chess on laptop - The Verge (https://www.theverge.com/2024/3/21/24107499/neuralink-human-trial-chess-video-brain-computer-interface) Stanford hypnosis booster Stanford Hypnosis Integrated with Functional Connectivity-targeted Transcranial Stimulation (SHIFT): a preregistered randomized controlled trial - Nature (https://www.nature.com/articles/s44220-023-00184-z) Stanford scientists boost hypnotizability with transcranial magnetic brain stimulation - PsyPost (https://www.psypost.org/stanford-scientists-boost-hypnotizability-with-transcranial-magnetic-brain-stimulation/) VYS0041 | Technologies of Imagination - Vayse to Face with Bel Senlle (https://www.vayse.co.uk/vys0041) Derren Brown's Most Incredible Hypnosis Tricks - YouTube (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lQAI1EFg2b4) February Lucid dreamers control virtual Cybertruck Two-way control of a virtual avatar from lucid dreams - REMSpace (https://remspace.net/blog/two-way-control-of-a-virtual-avatar-from-lucid-dreams/) Severance - Official Trailer - YouTube (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xEQP4VVuyrY) Plasma lifeforms in our skies? Scientists Suggest WWII "Foo Fighters" Were Plasma Forms - Coast to Coast (https://www.coasttocoastam.com/alternate/amp/article/scientists-suggest-wwii-foo-fighters-were-plasma-forms/) Extraterrestrial Life in the Thermosphere: Plasmas, UAP, Pre-Life, Fourth State of Matter - SCIRP (https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation?paperid=131506) How to Identify a Dark Matter Lifeform - Medium (https://jay-alfred1708.medium.com/how-to-identify-a-dark-matter-lifeform-6d362fb2ba11) Origins of the Gods: Qesem Cave, Skinwalkers, and Contact with Transdimensional Intelligences by Andrew Collins & Gregory L. Little - Goodreads (https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/59040095-origins-of-the-gods) A New Science of Heaven by Robert K.G. Temple - Goodreads (https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/61776165-a-new-science-of-heaven) The Super Natural: A New Vision of the Unexplained by Whitley Strieber & Jeffrey J. Kripal - Goodreads (https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/25489537-the-super-natural) The Cryptoterrestrials by Mac Tonnies - Goodreads (https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/7714033-the-cryptoterrestrials) Non-Living Intelligence: Cracking The Code For Materials That Can Learn - Astrobiology.com (https://astrobiology.com/2024/12/non-living-intelligence-cracking-the-code-for-materials-that-can-learn.html) A brief history of ontological shock - Unhidden.org (https://www.unhidden.org/a-brief-history-of-ontological-shock/) Animism - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animism) Oklahoma Thundercow Video: Mysterious "Thundercow" Becomes Local Legend in Oklahoma (https://www.coasttocoastam.com/alternate/amp/article/video-mysterious-thundercow-becomes-local-legend-in-oklahoma/) AI explains how to catch a Bigfoot Bigfoot can be caught with 'giant net' and 'Bigfoot suit' as advice issued - MSN (https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/bigfoot-can-be-caught-with-giant-net-and-bigfoot-suit-as-advice-issued/ar-BB1iwvOe) Usborne's World of the Unknown: Monsters - Goodreads (https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/57653110-the-world-of-the-unknown) March ASMR - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASMR) Skinwalker Ranch investigated by AARO? Did AARO Just Confirm The US Government Officially Investigated Skinwalker Ranch? - Unexplained (https://www.unexplained.ie/article/750-did-aaro-just-confirm-the-us-government-officially-investigated-skinwalker-ranch/) Diana Walsh Pasulka - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diana_Walsh_Pasulka) Gary Nolan - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garry_Nolan) The Handmaid's Tale by Margaret Atwood - Goodreads (https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/34454589-the-handmaid-s-tale) When goblins attack! Horror Film Come to Life: Goblins Terrorise Bulawayo Family, Children Beaten, Food Vanishes - iHarare (https://iharare.com/terrifying-goblins-haunt-bulawayo-family-leaving-children-beaten/) Otherworld podcast (https://podtail.com/podcast/otherworld/) Montana ‘Frankensheep' Montana rancher pleads guilty to ‘frankensheep' wildlife crimes - AGDaily (https://www.agdaily.com/livestock/montana-rancher-pleads-guilty-to-frankensheep-wildlife-crimes/) Ungulate - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ungulate) Liger - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liger) Bigfoot in Devon? Mysterious ‘Bigfoot' prints found along Torquay coast path - Devon Live (https://www.devonlive.com/news/devon-news/mysterious-bigfoot-prints-found-along-9138669) Jan 2025 - UAP recovery video shows ‘egg-shaped' object - YouTube (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=009qMHiqsVs) April Australian Govt declares no interest in UFOs Australian Dept of Defence drops 10-page UFO dossier - The Mandarin (https://www.themandarin.com.au/243606-defence-drops-10-page-ufo-dossier/) Skinwalker Ranch - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skinwalker_Ranch) Religion in Twin Peaks: Native American Beliefs - Fire Walk With Me (https://firewalkwithme.weebly.com/native-american-beliefs.html) Thermonator: Rise of the Machines Ohio company to sell a ‘flamethrower-wielding robot dog' called the Thermonator - The Guardian (https://amp.theguardian.com/technology/2024/apr/26/robot-flamethrower-dog-thermonator) May 2024 - Robot dogs armed with AI-aimed rifles undergo US Marines Special Ops evaluation - Ars Techina (https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2024/05/robot-dogs-armed-with-ai-targeting-rifles-undergo-us-marines-special-ops-evaluation/) Are we living in a dystopia? - The Conversation (https://theconversation.com/are-we-living-in-a-dystopia-136908) Handmaid's Tale Season One trailer - YouTube (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dVLiDETfx1c) Fear and non-humans in Las Vegas Las Vegas ‘nonhuman, UFO' encounter ‘traumatizing,' teen says - News Nation (https://www.newsnationnow.com/banfield/las-vegas-nonhuman-ufo-encounter-traumatizing-teen-says/?utm_source=flipboard&utm_content=NewsNationNow%2Fmagazine%2FNewsNation) American Cosmic: UFOs, Religion, Technology by D.W. Pasulka - Goodreads (https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/38819245-american-cosmic) Jan 2025 - Whistleblower reveals UAP retrieval program; object caught on video | NewsNation - YouTube (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3dtA9w5ldHw) Morbid masqueraders ‘AI death calculator' creators issue urgent warning about frighteningly accurate tool - NY Post (https://nypost.com/2024/04/29/tech/why-you-shouldnt-use-the-scarily-accurate-ai-death-calculator/) Dirty fuel Harwich factory to make jet fuel out of faeces in world first - BBC News (https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-essex-68789981) Robbie Williams: He's The One Robbie Williams thinks aliens are targeting him because he's so famous and can help them - Daily Star (https://www.dailystar.co.uk/showbiz/robbie-williams-thinks-aliens-targeting-32472744) Robbie Williams - Better Man | Official Trailer (2024 Movie) - YouTube (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KVeH5T4wxkE) VYS0045 | This Is Not The End Times; This Is A Rescue Mission - Vayse to Face with Bob Cluness (https://www.vayse.co.uk/vys0045) The Unseen Grant Morrison - Intensive Care (Robbie Williams' album design) (https://sites.google.com/deepspacetransmissions.com/deepspacetransmissions/news/the-unseen-grant-morrison-intensive-care) May UAP Transparency Act introduced Rep. Burchett introduces UAP Transparency Act - House.gov (https://burchett.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-burchett-introduces-uap-transparency-act) 2023 - ‘Crazy Plane Lady' Tiffany Gomas Opens Up About Viral Meltdown on Plane in Exclusive Interview - Inside Edition (https://www.insideedition.com/crazy-plane-lady-tiffany-gomas-opens-up-about-viral-meltdown-on-plane-in-exclusive-interview-84519) June 2024 - Hailey Welch (hawk tuah girl) - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haliey_Welch) Vatican issues new guidelines on weird stuff Vatican tightens rules on supernatural phenomena - BBC News (https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cekl9jd883yo) AI to blame for lack of alien contact? AI may be to blame for our failure to make contact with alien civilisations - The Conversation (https://theconversation.com/ai-may-be-to-blame-for-our-failure-to-make-contact-with-alien-civilisations-227270) Turing test passed for first time? GPT-4 has passed the Turing test, researchers claim - Live Science (https://www.livescience.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/gpt-4-has-passed-the-turing-test-researchers-claim) I'm not a doppelgänger says Lavigne Avril Lavigne responds to bizarre conspiracy theory she died 20 years ago and was replaced by body double - The Standard (https://www.standard.co.uk/showbiz/avril-lavigne-conspiracy-theory-died-2003-body-double-melissa-vandella-b1158155.html) Chinese ‘pandas' were spray-painted dogs Chinese zoo under fire after dyeing dogs black and white for 'panda' exhibit - Sky News (https://news.sky.com/story/chinese-zoo-under-fire-after-dyeing-dogs-black-and-white-for-panda-exhibit-13132032) Sept 2024 - Moo Deng - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moo_Deng) E.M. phone home Elon Musk Claims "I Am an Alien" Promises To Share Proof Online - Mashable (https://in.mashable.com/tech/75886/elon-musk-claims-i-am-an-alien-promises-to-share-proof-online) More goblin attacks Police officers in Zimbabwe desert station citing goblin attacks - Cite (https://cite.org.zw/police-officers-desert-station-citing-goblin-attacks/) Bizarre footage shows alleged "goblin" running across a road in Mexico - Unexplained Mysteries (https://www.unexplained-mysteries.com/news/376967/bizarre-footage-shows-alleged-goblin-running-across-a-road-in-mexico) June 10% chance of Cryptoterrestrials existing says Harvard study UFOs May Be Evidence Of "Cryptoterrestrials" Secretly Living Among Us - IFL Science (https://www.iflscience.com/ufos-may-be-evidence-of-cryptoterrestrials-secretly-living-among-us-74568) The Cryptoterrestrials by Mac Tonnies - Goodreads (https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/7714033-the-cryptoterrestrials) Robot faces made of living skin Faces made of living skin make robots smile - BBC News (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cedd3208veyo.amp) Perforation-type anchors inspired by skin ligament for robotic face covered with living skin - Cell.com (https://www.cell.com/cell-reports-physical-science/fulltext/S2666-3864(24)00335-7) Nevada monolith Mysterious monolith appears in Nevada desert - BBC News (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cekk7gm97j4o) Mexican BVM statue ‘cries tears of blood' Mystery as Virgin Mary statue "cries tears of blood" as church investigates "alleged miracle" - Irish Mirror (https://www.irishmirror.ie/news/world-news/mystery-virgin-mary-statue-cries-33048396) 25-foot-tall rideable bike breaks record Record-breaking 25-foot-tall rideable bike built by two friends - Guinness World Records (https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2024/6/record-breaking-25-foot-tall-rideable-bike-built-by-two-friends-770016) July Alleged Roswell metallic specimen analysed Pentagon Publishes Report on Material From an Alleged Alien Aircraft - Gizmodo (https://gizmodo.com/pentagon-publishes-report-on-material-from-a-reported-alien-aircraft-2000469433) AARO: Supplement to Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Analysis of a Metallic Specimen, July 2024 (https://www.aaro.mil/Portals/136/PDFs/Information%20Papers/AAROs_Supplement_to_ORNLs_Analysis_of_a_Metallic_Specimen.pdf) MUFON claims to have material of ‘non-human' origin Lighter than petal alien spacecraft's debris is on Earth. UFO hunters say it has 'non-human' origin - WION (https://www.wionews.com/science/lighter-than-petal-alien-spacecrafts-debris-is-on-earth-ufo-hunters-say-it-has-non-human-origin-741978/amp) Mars may have hosted microbial life NASA's Perseverance Rover Scientists Find Intriguing Mars Rock - NASA.gov (https://www.nasa.gov/missions/mars-2020-perseverance/perseverance-rover/nasas-perseverance-rover-scientists-find-intriguing-mars-rock/) Proposed seed repository on the moon Scientists propose lunar biorepository as ‘backup' for life on Earth - The Guardian (https://www.theguardian.com/environment/article/2024/jul/31/scientists-propose-lunar-biorepository-as-backup-for-life-on-earth) South Korea develops remote mind-control device New Technology to Control the Brain Using Magnetic Fields Developed - IBS (https://www.ibs.re.kr/cop/bbs/BBSMSTR_000000000738/selectBoardArticle.do?nttId=24921) Moscow Signal - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_Signal) Peter Levenda - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Levenda) Havana Syndrome - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havana_syndrome) Extreme eater dies during livestream Extreme eater, 24, dies during livestream of 10-hour food binge after her stomach ripped open - LBC (https://www.lbc.co.uk/news/extreme-eater-24-dies-during-livestream-of-10-hour-food-binge-after-her-stomach/) August Man found dead on beach surrounded by headless chickens Man found dead after performing ‘black magic ritual' on decapitated chickens - Metro (https://metro.co.uk/2024/08/05/man-dies-black-magic-ritual-involving-decapitated-chickens-21362994/amp/) Early ‘hobbit' hominins shorter than we thought Archaic human "hobbits" were even shorter than we thought, 700,000-year-old teeth and bone reveal - Live Science (https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/archaic-human-hobbits-were-even-shorter-than-we-thought-700000-year-old-teeth-and-bone-reveal) Stonehenge ‘altar stone' came from Scotland Stonehenge megalith came from Scotland, not Wales, ‘jaw-dropping' study finds - The Guardian (https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/article/2024/aug/14/stonehenge-megalith-came-from-scotland-not-wales-jaw-dropping-study-finds) Spinal Tap: Stonehenge - YouTube (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qAXzzHM8zLw) Liquid water found under surface of Mars Liquid water in the Martian mid-crust - PNAS (https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2409983121) Reservoir of liquid water found deep in Martian rocks - BBC News (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/czxl849j77ko) Yet another goblin attack Bizarre video reportedly shows 'goblin' that attacked farm worker - Unexplained Mysteries (https://www.unexplained-mysteries.com/news/380629/bizarre-video-reportedly-shows-goblin-that-attacked-farm-worker) Scientists train goo to play computer game Electro-active polymer hydrogels exhibit emergent memory when embodied in a simulated game environment - Cell.com (https://www.cell.com/cell-reports-physical-science/fulltext/S2666-3864(24)00436-3#%20) Scientists Trained a Lump of Goo to Play Pong - Gizmodo (https://gizmodo.com/scientists-trained-a-lump-of-goo-to-play-pong-2000490231) September First civilian spacewalks SpaceX Makes History With First Spacewalks Ever by Private Citizens - Science Alert (https://www.sciencealert.com/spacex-makes-history-with-first-spacewalks-ever-by-private-citizens) Prince Philip fails to meet alien Prince Philip was ‘meant to meet an alien called Janus in a Chelsea flat' - Metro (https://metro.co.uk/2024/09/12/prince-philip-meant-meet-alien-called-janus-a-flat-21592325/) Flurry of activity at Loch Ness Mystery creature filmed moving across the surface of Loch Ness - Unexplained Mysteries (https://www.unexplained-mysteries.com/news/381245/mystery-creature-filmed-moving-across-the-surface-of-loch-ness) Loch Ness Monster encounter as shocked swimmer feels Nessie brush up against him - Daily Record (https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/scotland-now/loch-ness-monster-encounter-shocked-33694393) June 2024 - Huge search for the Loch Ness Monster claims to have found "unexplainable" new evidence - The Scotsman (https://www.scotsman.com/heritage-and-retro/heritage/huge-search-for-the-loch-ness-monster-claims-to-have-found-unexplainable-new-evidence-4651757) Oct 2024 - Monstrous disturbance recorded at Loch Ness - LochNess.com (https://lochness.com/monstrous-disturbances-recorded-at-loch-ness/) Oct 2024 - Loch Ness Monster spotted in "unprecedented" video that "can't be anything else" - Edinburgh Live (https://www.edinburghlive.co.uk/news/uk-world-news/loch-ness-monster-spotted-unprecedented-30350273) First lucid dream communication Breakthrough from REMspace: First Ever Communication Between People in Dreams - Business Wire (https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20241008878282/en/Breakthrough-from-REMspace-First-Ever-Communication-Between-People-in-Dreams#) A historic milestone: Two people communicate in dreams - Tech Explorist (https://www.techexplorist.com/historic-milestone-two-people-communicate-dreams/91175/#google_vignette) Moon affected by COVID-19 pandemic Effect of COVID-19 global lockdown on our Moon - Oxford Universty Press (https://academic.oup.com/mnrasl/article/535/1/L18/7760380?login=false) COVID-19 Pandemic Affected the Moon, Scientists Claim - Futurism (https://futurism.com/the-byte/covid-19-pandemic-moon) October Trump protected against spells say witches Witches Report Their Spells Against Trump Aren't Working: "He Has a Shield" - CBN (https://cbn.com/news/us/witches-report-their-spells-against-trump-arent-working-he-has-shield) 100 right-footed shoes stolen Mystery over why shoe thief stole 100 right-footed shoes - Metro (https://metro.co.uk/2024/10/18/mystery-thieves-steal-100-shoes-right-foot-ones-21818147/) Viral pyramid pup This Pup Is Going Viral for Climbing to the Top of an Egyptian Pyramid - Smithsonian Magazine (https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/this-pup-is-going-viral-for-climbing-to-the-top-of-an-egyptian-pyramid-180985306/) Animals get drunk more frequently than we thought Drunk animals far more common than previously thought, scientists say - The Independent (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/alcohol-animals-drunk-fruits-ethanol-b2638124.html) The evolutionary ecology of ethanol - Cell.com (https://www.cell.com/trends/ecology-evolution/fulltext/S0169-5347(24)00240-4) Extraterrestrial life could be thriving near Uranus Constraining Ocean and Ice Shell Thickness on Miranda from Surface Geological Structures and Stress Modeling - IOP Science (https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/PSJ/ad77d7) November Tucker Carlson ‘physically mauled' by ‘demon' Tucker Carlson claims a ‘demon' attack left him bleeding in bed - The Guardian (https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/nov/01/tucker-carlson-demon-attack) 43 monkeys escape lab South Carolina Residents Told to Secure Their Homes After 43 Monkeys Escape Lab - Gizmodo (https://gizmodo.com/south-carolina-residents-told-to-secure-their-homes-after-43-monkeys-escape-lab-2000521629) AI tells student: “Please die. Please.” Google AI chatbot responds with a threatening message: "Human … Please die." - CBS News (https://www.cbsnews.com/news/google-ai-chatbot-threatening-message-human-please-die/) 690452 TikTok trend explained What does 690452 mean? The TikTok trend explained - Capital FM (https://www.capitalfm.com/internet/690452-meaning-tiktok/) How to Play the Elevator Game (and Survive the Otherworld) - WikiHow (https://www.wikihow.com/The-Elevator-Game) We're All Going to the World's Fair | Official Trailer - YouTube (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y0AnGfzgh_w) Alex Jones' Infowars bought by The Onion The Onion purchases Alex Jones' Infowars at bankruptcy auction - Unexplained Mysteries (https://www.unexplained-mysteries.com/news/382468/the-onion-purchases-alex-jones-infowars-at-bankruptcy-auction) Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting conspiracy theories - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy_Hook_Elementary_School_shooting_conspiracy_theories) Drone-cember US Air Force bases in UK swarmed by drones Mystery drones swarmed US Air Force base for 17 consecutive nights - Unexplained Mysteries (https://www.unexplained-mysteries.com/news/381708/mystery-drones-swarmed-us-air-force-base-for-17-consecutive-nights) What's going on with drones spotted over air bases in the UK? - Sky News (https://news.sky.com/story/whats-going-on-with-drones-spotted-over-us-air-bases-in-uk-13261593) New Jersey drone flap FBI joins hunt for answers behind nightly drone sightings in New Jersey - NBC New York (https://www.nbcnewyork.com/new-jersey/morris-county-nightly-drone-noises/6033146/) "I don't buy it": Americans want answers on possible drone sightings - BBC News (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cz0r9v3xekno) Live action role-playing game (LARP) - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live_action_role-playing_game) Ong's Hat: Compleat - Incunabula (https://incunabula.org/1300-2/) UK sets out position on unidentified aerial phenomenon - UK Defence Journal (https://ukdefencejournal.org.uk/uk-sets-out-position-on-unidentified-aerial-phenomenon/) ‘Mirror life' microbe research poses threat to life on Earth ‘Unprecedented risk' to life on Earth: Scientists call for halt on ‘mirror life' microbe research - The Guardian (https://www.theguardian.com/science/2024/dec/12/unprecedented-risk-to-life-on-earth-scientists-call-for-halt-on-mirror-life-microbe-research) Tomb of ‘real Santa Claus' discovered Sarcophagus of ‘real Santa Claus' found at St. Nicholas Church in Turkey - Archaeology News (https://archaeologymag.com/2024/12/sarcophagus-of-santa-claus-found-in-turkey/) Buckley's closing question ….. Vayse online Website (https://www.vayse.co.uk/) Twitter (https://twitter.com/vayseesyav) Bluesky (https://bsky.app/profile/vayseesyav.bsky.social) Instagram (https://www.instagram.com/vayseesyav/) Bandcamp (Music From Vayse) (https://vayse.bandcamp.com/) Ko-Fi (https://ko-fi.com/vayse) Email: vayseinfo@gmail.com

⏳ Un orologio più preciso che mai?Giorgio ci racconta gli ultimi passi avanti verso la costruzione di un orologio nucleare, un dispositivo che potrebbe rivoluzionare il modo in cui misuriamo il tempo. A settembre 2024, un gruppo di ricercatori è riuscito a misurare con estrema precisione la frequenza necessaria a portare allo stato eccitato il nucleo di torio, un elemento chiave per questo tipo di orologi. Risultato? Se tutto va come sperato, presto potremmo avere il primo orologio nucleare della storia, ancora più stabile e accurato degli attuali orologi atomici. A quel punto, scordatevi le scuse per arrivare in ritardo!Per approfondire:ArticoloNews da NatureI ragni annusano con le zampe!Ilaria, invece, ci porta nel mondo affascinante (e un po' inquietante) dei ragni. Nonostante siano nostri vicini di casa da sempre, ci sono ancora tantissime cose che non sappiamo su di loro. Per esempio: come fanno a sentire gli odori? Un recente studio pubblicato su PNAS ha finalmente risolto il mistero. I maschi di ragno usano delle microscopiche setole sensoriali sulle zampe, chiamate wall-pore sensilla, che funzionano come un vero e proprio naso. Grazie a questi peli speciali, riescono a captare i feromoni rilasciati dalle femmine e a trovarle per l'accoppiamento. Insomma, per un ragno, annusare con le gambe è la norma.ScientifiBook – I consigli del meseNon poteva mancare la nostra rubrica dedicata ai libri! Giuliana e Andrea V ci propongono una selezione di titoli per chi ama esplorare il mondo attraverso la lettura:Geopolitica dell'intelligenza artificiale – Alessandro Aresu, Feltrinelli (568 pp, 24 euro)L'alba della storia – Guido Barbujani, Editori Laterza (201 pp, 20 euro)Soffrire di adolescenza – Loredana Cirillo, Raffaello Cortina Editore (194 pp, 19 euro)Passeggiate astronomiche – Stefano Giovanardi, Trèfoglie-Flaco Edizioni (428 pp, 20 euro)Chele – Piccolo catalogo di granchi, gamberi e paguri – Marco Colombo e Francesco Tomasinelli, Nomos Edizioni (127 pp, 19,90 euro)Tra scienza, tecnologia e curiosità sul mondo naturale, questa puntata ha davvero di tutto! Non perdetevela e fateci sapere: preferireste un orologio ultra preciso o il super olfatto di un ragno?Diventa un supporter di questo podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/scientificast--1762253/support.

Reintroducing Hawaii's sacred crow to the wildThe world's most endangered crow, the Hawaiian crow or or ʻalalā, is making tentative steps towards a comeback. After going extinct in the wild, only 120 birds remain in captivity, in two facilities operated by the San Diego Zoo. Over the years, researchers have attempted reintroductions in the bird's native habitat on the Big Island of Hawaii, but those efforts have all been unsuccessful. Recently, the team tried something different - reintroducing the birds to a different island than their native home. The initial release happened in October and so far, the team, including Bryce Masuda, has high hopes and positive signs from their latest attempt.Lasers tell us about the pterosaur's unique tailThe great flying reptiles of the dawn of the age of dinosaurs, the pterosaurs, took flight with delicate but flexible internal tail structure that allowed it to work like a kite. Scientists used recently developed technology to enable them to see a lattice-like structure in the soft tissue in the early pterosaur soft tissue that was otherwise invisible to the naked eye. Natalia Jagielska, a paleontologist at the Lyme Regis Museum in Dorset, England, said their kite-like tail vane would have stood upright and could have functioned as a display and to help them in flight. The study was published in the eLife journal, Evolutionary Biology. How gophers help re-seed volcanic landscape with lifeAfter Mt. St. Helens exploded in 1980 it left a shattered, ash-covered, barren landscape behind. But the one-time reintroduction of gophers to one area led to a remarkably fast recovery of plants and other fauna. Forty-years later, changes to the environment are still being documented by  Dr. Mia Maltz, assistant professor of Microbial Ecology and Soil Earth at the University of Connecticut, and her team. They published their research in the journal Frontiers in Microbiomes.Desert ants' magnetic navigationDesert ants that navigate the endless sands of the Sahara use the Earth's magnetic field to find their way, which is not unusual. But unlike other animals like birds and turtles they don't appear to have an internal compass that aligns north and south. Instead they are unique in that they  use a more subtle cue – the polarity of the magnetic field. A study looking at this led by Dr. Pauline Fleischmann, a post-doctoral researcher at the University of Oldenburg in Germany  was published in the journal Current Biology. Celestial body mysteries: dark comets and meteorites from young asteroid families The thousands of small celestial bodies in our solar system are now a bit less mysterious, thanks to several recent discoveries. One group of astronomers have traced back the origins of 84 per cent of all known meteorites that have pummeled Earth to just a few young asteroid families in the asteroid belt. Michaël Marsset, from the European Southern Observatory in Chile, said collisions in the asteroid belt create a collisional cascade that produces fragments, some of which end up raining down on Earth as meteorites. Two of their papers were published in the journal Nature and a third in Astronomy & Astrophysics. Another group of astronomers have identified two populations of stealthy dark comets that are something in between a comet and an asteroid. They've found fourteen of these objects whose orbital motion is comet-like, but which lack a visible tail like regular comets. Davide Farnocchia, a navigation engineer at NASA's Jet Propulsion Lab, said they've found two types of these unusual solar system bodies: larger ones in an elliptical orbit out to Jupiter and smaller ones in orbit around Earth. Their study was published in the journal PNAS.

durée : 00:05:20 - Avec sciences - par : Alexandre Morales - Des chercheurs français ont testé la résilience des fourmis face à la perte de la vue. Leurs travaux ont été publiés dans la revue PNAS.

durée : 00:04:52 - Avec sciences - par : Alexandre Morales - Une publication dans la revue PNAS fait le point sur l'efficacité des nouvelles stratégies de gestion des aires protégées africaines : en partenariat de longue durée entre États et ONG.

Was Rome's fall due to heavy metal poisoning making Romans dumber?Ice cores that preserve traces of atmospheric pollutants through history have revealed that industrial activity by Romans – particularly the use and production of lead – meant the air the Romans breathed was heavily contaminated. The levels were high enough to cause neurological problems, including a drop in cognitive function across the population. Joe McConnell and his team at the Desert Research Institute published their findings in the journal PNAS.Bats are surfing storms to make migration easierMigrating bats in Europe have to fly up to 2000km while pregnant, but they've figured out how to get a lift from the weather. The bats have been observed waiting for storm fronts, and then surfing the strong winds in front of the storm to save energy during their migration. Dina Dechmann from the Max Planck Institute of Animal Behaviour, and colleagues, were able to tag bats with tiny specialized sensors to track their nocturnal movements during migration. Their paper was published in the journal Science.Squirrels have developed a taste for vole fleshSquirrels in California have been taking advantage of a boom in the population of tiny rodents called voles – by hunting and eating them. This widespread carnivorous behaviour was captured for the first time on videos and photos by a team led by behavioural ecologist Jennifer Smith, as a part of a long-term study of the squirrels. The researchers found dozens of instances of the squirrels killing the voles, which they say changes our fundamental understanding of ground squirrels. Their paper was published in the Journal of Ethology.EEG tattoos could outperform standard electrodes EEG is a valuable technology that allows researchers to monitor the electrical activity of the brain, but standard EEG electrodes are cumbersome and are hampered by the difficulty of attaching them. A new temporary EEG tattoo, made by printing conductive ink on the scalp, could be a step ahead. Luize Vasconcelos, a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Texas at Austin helped create this ink. The research is published in the Cell Press journal Cell Biomaterials.To monitor cat brain waves, researchers made them cute hatsAude Castel, a veterinary neurologist from the Université de Montréal, and her team were  studying chronic pain in cats — and ways to alleviate it — when she realized that she could crochet hats for the cats and add EEG electrodes to them in order to study their brains. Their research was published in the Journal of Neuroscience Methods. When North America went to the dogs (or vice-versa)Researchers examining canid bones from Alaska dating to the last ice age have been intrigued by the complex picture it shows of dog domestication at the time. Their findings were published in the journal Science Advances. Signs of the animals' diet are preserved in the bones, and shows that humans were clearly feeding their dogs, a clear sign of domestication. François Lanoë from the University of Arizona led the work.

LIMITED SEATS! JOIN THE MASTERCLASS: https://muzamilhasan.com/courses Guest Introduction: Joining us today is Sultan Mehmood, an Assistant Professor of Economics at the prestigious New Economic School in Moscow. His research journey has taken him across continents, from his PhD studies in France to academic pursuits in the Netherlands and Pakistan. Professor Mehmood brings a unique perspective to the field of economics, focusing on the fascinating interplay between law, political economy, and revolutions, and how these forces shape societal transformation. His impressive work has been featured in top-tier journals like PNAS, the American Economic Journals, and even Nature. Do not forget to subscribe and press the bell icon to catch on to some amazing conversations coming your way! #thoughtbehindthings #muzamilhasan #sultanmehmood #pakistanjudiciary Socials: TBT's Official Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thoughtbehindthings Muzamil's Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/muzamilhasan Muzamil's LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/muzamilhasan Sultan's Twitter: https://x.com/mrsultan713

durée : 00:04:51 - Avec sciences - par : Alexandra Delbot - Si pour nous cela peut sembler surprenant, les scientifiques, eux, le savent depuis quelques dizaines années déjà : le signal qui sort de l'œil est pré-analysé ! Une publication parue dans PNAS cherche à comprendre comment l'information est traitée au sein même de l'œil.

Sustainability of plant-based meat alternatives Science Sessions are brief conversations with cutting-edge researchers, National Academy members, and policymakers as they discuss topics relevant to today's scientific community. Learn the behind-the-scenes story of work published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), plus a broad range of scientific news about discoveries that affect the world around us. In this episode, researchers discuss the environmental, health, and economic tradeoffs that limit the potential benefits of plant-based meat alternatives. In this episode, we cover: •[00:00] Introduction •[01:19] Rodolphe Barrangou explains the potential opportunities and challenges for plant-based meat alternatives to help mitigate the environmental impact of meat. •[03:18] Marco Springmann compares plant-based meat and milk alternatives with both animal-sourced foods and unprocessed plant-based foods across multiple metrics. •[05:16] Bill Aimutis highlights the potential environmental impact of producing plant-based proteins. •[07:04] Ute Weisz finds significant variability in the amino acid scores and functional properties of commercially available plant protein ingredients. •[08:51] Zachary Neuhofer analyzes trends in plant-based meat alternative consumption, based on two years of grocery store scanning data. •[10:16] Evelyne Selberherr analyzes the microbial communities found in plant-based meat alternative products.  •[11:56] Matin Qaim analyzes the impact of animal-sourced foods on child nutrition in five Sub-Saharan African countries. •[13:59] Final thoughts and conclusion. About Our Guests: Rodolphe Barrangou  Todd R. Klaenhammer Distinguished Professor North Carolina State University Marco Springmann Senior Researcher | Professorial Research Fellow University of Oxford | University College London Bill Aimutis  Executive Director North Carolina Food Innovation Lab Ute Weisz  Professor Technical University of Munich Zachary Neuhofer  PhD Candidate Purdue University Evelyne Selberherr  Assistant Professor  University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Matin Qaim  Schlegel Professor of Agricultural Economics University of Bonn View related content here: https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2400495121 https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2319010121 https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2319003121 https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2319019121 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-16996-5 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41538-024-00269-8 https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2319009121 Follow us on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts for more captivating discussions on scientific breakthroughs! Visit Science Sessions on PNAS.org: https://www.pnas.org/about/science-sessions-podcast  Follow PNAS: Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn YouTube Sign up for the PNAS Highlights newsletter

Text Light Pollution News!This month, host Bill McGeeney is joined by Dr. Mario Motta, lighting designer Glenn Heinmiller, and, advocate, David Lefevre!See Full Show Notes, Lighting Tips and more at LightPollutionNews.com. Like this episode, share it with a friend!Bill's Picks:Here are 5 major threats to Ireland's remaining dark skies, George McMillan, RTE. Young People Are Losing Their Cultural Heritage to Light Pollution, Paige Cromley, Sierra. Rethinking Occasional Outdoor Lighting: A Kinder, Gentler, More Nature-Friendly Glow, Kendra Wilson, Gardenista. Brighter nights and darker days predict higher mortality risk: A prospective analysis of personal light exposure in >88,000 individuals, PNAS. Support the showLike what we're doing? Your support helps us reach new audiences and help promote positive impacts. Why not consider becoming a Paid Supporter of Light Pollution News?

How Snowball Earth melted Science Sessions are brief conversations with cutting-edge researchers, National Academy members, and policymakers as they discuss topics relevant to today's scientific community. Learn the behind-the-scenes story of work published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), plus a broad range of scientific news about discoveries that affect the world around us. In this episode, Shuhai Xiao explores how the Earth emerged from a planetwide glaciation called Snowball Earth. In this episode, we cover: •[00:00] Introduction •[00:48] Geobiologist Shuhai Xiao introduces us to Snowball Earth. •[01:58] Xiao introduces the “plumeworld” hypothesis that describes the end of Snowball Earth. •[03:41] He explains how lithium isotopes in rocks can confirm the plumeworld hypothesis. •[05:54] Xiao explains why dolostone deposits in China were suitable for studying this hypothesis. •[06:53] He talks about the results of the study. •[07:39] He talks about the implications of the study results. •[08:26] Caveats and limitations of the study. •[10:06] Conclusion. About Our Guests: Shuhai Xiao Professor Virginia Tech View related content here: https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2407419121 Follow us on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, YouTube, or wherever you get your podcasts for more captivating discussions on scientific breakthroughs! Visit Science Sessions on PNAS.org: https://www.pnas.org/about/science-sessions-podcast  Follow PNAS: Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn YouTube Sign up for the PNAS Highlights newsletter

Les bains glacés, souvent promus par des sportifs, influenceurs ou adeptes du bien-être, sont vantés pour leurs prétendus bienfaits : récupération musculaire, amélioration de la circulation sanguine, gestion du stress et renforcement du système immunitaire. Mais qu'en dit la science ?Récupération musculaireL'un des usages les plus populaires des bains glacés concerne la récupération musculaire après l'effort. Une méta-analyse publiée dans Sports Medicine (2016) a confirmé que l'immersion dans de l'eau froide (10-15 °C) réduit efficacement l'inflammation et les douleurs musculaires à court terme, en ralentissant la circulation sanguine et en diminuant l'œdème des tissus. Cependant, une étude dans le Journal of Physiology (2015) a souligné que cette pratique pourrait ralentir les adaptations musculaires et la croissance à long terme, car elle inhibe les processus inflammatoires nécessaires à la régénération naturelle des muscles.Circulation sanguine et inflammationLes bains glacés provoquent une vasoconstriction (rétrécissement des vaisseaux sanguins), suivie d'une vasodilatation lorsqu'on sort de l'eau. Ces effets, étudiés dans European Journal of Applied Physiology (2007), peuvent temporairement améliorer la circulation sanguine périphérique. Cependant, les preuves sur des bénéfices durables pour la circulation ou la gestion systémique de l'inflammation restent limitées et controversées.Gestion du stress et bien-être mentalL'immersion dans l'eau froide stimule la libération d'hormones comme l'adrénaline et les endorphines. Une étude dans PLoS One (2014) a montré une amélioration immédiate de l'humeur grâce à l'augmentation de ces neurotransmetteurs. De plus, une recherche publiée dans Medical Hypotheses (2008) suggère que les bains glacés pourraient réduire les symptômes de dépression légère à modérée, bien que des études supplémentaires soient nécessaires pour en valider l'efficacité à long terme.Renforcement du système immunitaireL'idée que les bains glacés renforcent l'immunité a été popularisée par des figures comme Wim Hof. Une étude publiée dans PNAS (2014) a examiné l'impact de cette pratique combinée à des techniques de respiration sur l'activité immunitaire. Les participants ont montré une meilleure réponse immunitaire après une exposition contrôlée à une toxine bactérienne, mais ces résultats restent spécifiques à ce protocole et ne prouvent pas d'effets généralisables.ConclusionLes bains glacés présentent des bénéfices scientifiquement validés, notamment pour la récupération et le bien-être immédiat. Cependant, leurs effets à long terme sur la santé restent incertains. Avant d'intégrer cette pratique à votre routine, considérez vos objectifs personnels et consultez un professionnel, surtout si vous souffrez de problèmes cardiovasculaires. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson, in her dissent on the Supreme Court's ruling on affirmative action in 2023, cited a study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) concluding that black infants are more likely to survive if they are cared for by black doctors than white doctors. But a recent study using the same data suggests that race was not the real factor. This week, Naomi and Ian are joined by George J. Borjas, senior fellow at the Manhattan Institute and Professor of Economics and Social Policy at the Harvard Kennedy School, to discuss his recent paper co-authored with Robert VerBruggen, “Do Black Newborns Fare Better with Black Doctors? The Limits of Measuring Racial Concordance.” Originally part of a project analyzing the fragility of empirical findings in social science, George's study reanalyzes the same data used in the PNAS study to see whether the same result emerged. He and VerBruggen found that if the data is adjusted for low birthweight, the correlation between race of the doctor and infant survival disappeared. Their research has now been published by the National Academy of Sciences. George discusses how the narrative about the original study persists even when new data has called it into question. Resources● Do Black Newborns Fare Better with Black Doctors? The Limits of Measuring Racial Concordance | George J. Borjas and Robert VerBruggen ● Are Black Newborns More Likely to Survive with Black Doctors? | George J. Borjas and Robert VerBruggenShow Notes● 00:47 | How did you become interested in the topic of mortality rates among black newborns? What did you find in your study?● 05:50 | Why did your study find different results using the same data as the earlier one?● 07:57 | Why did the original authors not include low birthweight as a factor in their study?● 08:48 | What did you find about the distribution of doctors to women whose infants had low birthweight?● 11:01 | Have you shared this new finding with the original authors of the study?● 13:35 | Given that low birthweight is a universally accepted factor in infant mortality, are you surprised that the original result that black infants do better when they are matched with black doctors was so widely accepted?● 17:17 | Has your study received the same kind of attention as the original study?● 18:40 | Can we empirically answer the question of whether the specialties of doctors and their respective races is the driver of better results for black infants, rather than just the race itself?

Reverse development in a comb jelly Science Sessions are brief conversations with cutting-edge researchers, National Academy members, and policymakers as they discuss topics relevant to today's scientific community. Learn the behind-the-scenes story of work published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), plus a broad range of scientific news about discoveries that affect the world around us. In this episode, Joan Soto and Patel Burkhardt introduce us to a comb jelly with the ability to reverse its development to an earlier stage of life. In this episode, we cover: •[00:00] Introduction •[00:54] Marine biologist Joan-Josep Soto recounts the history of research into reverse development. •[02:27] Soto and evolutionary biologist Burkhardt introduce the comb jelly Mnemiopsis leidyi and its life stages. •[04:04] Burkhardt explains why the researchers became interested in Mnemiopsis. •[04:48] Soto describes how the researchers induced reverse development in Mnemiopsis. •[06:13] Burkhardt explores hypotheses regarding why reverse development occurs. •[07:13] Soto talks about the lessons yet to be learned from Mnemiopsis. •[09:35] Burkhardt summarizes the caveats and limitations of the study. •[10:12] Conclusion. About Our Guests: Joan-Josep Soto-Angel  Postdoctoral Scholar University Museum of Bergen Pawel Burkhadt     Group Leader Michael Sars Center, University of Bergen View related content here: https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2411499121 Follow us on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, YouTube, or wherever you get your podcasts for more captivating discussions on scientific breakthroughs! Visit Science Sessions on PNAS.org: https://www.pnas.org/about/science-sessions-podcast  Follow PNAS: Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn YouTube Sign up for the PNAS Highlights newsletter

Early people in North America had mammoth appetitesThe people of the Clovis culture, who lived across Ice Age North America 13,000 years ago, left behind many tools and artifacts that suggest they were skilled hunters. And now chemical analysis of the incredibly rare find of bones of a Clovis child has given us the first direct evidence of what they were eating. The research, co-led by James Chatters of McMaster University, revealed they were “super-carnivores” whose diet mostly consisted of mammoth meat, with elk and bison/camel showing up as well. By specializing in hunting megafauna, this would have helped the Clovis people rapidly spread throughout North America. The research was published in the journal Science Advances.Now we know the specific molecule that makes the Corpse flower smell like deathCorpse flowers are major botanical attractions because of their unique shape, their rare flowering and their incredible stench. Now researchers have identified the molecule that is the secret behind the stink. Alveena Zulfiqar, a research associate at the University of Minnesota, was a key part of the team led by G. Eric Schaller, a professor of biology at Dartmouth College. They published their research in the journal PNAS Nexus.The dinosaurs that became birds had distinctive drumsticksThe lineage of dinosaurs that ultimately evolved into birds didn't just have unique adaptations for wings and feathers. They also evolved unique drumsticks, specifically fibula bones that are detached at the ankle, which gave their knee joints unusual mobility, allowing them to twist by more than 100 degrees. Biomechanist Armita Manafzadeh, from Yale University, says it's certainly possible that this change in their mobility might have been key to their survival. Their research was published in Nature. A plant can spit out its seeds fast enough to take out an eyeIn the blink of an eye the squirting cucumber can eject its seeds faster than a greyhound can run, up to twelve meters from the plant. High speed video has enabled researchers to capture the process, which the plant manages without muscles or tendons. Derek Moulton, a professor of applied mathematics at the University of Oxford, was part of the team that published their research in the journal PNAS.Hacking photosynthesis: How we can improve the chemistry that's the foundation of lifeThe plants that make up the base of the Earth's food chain, use the sun's energy — along with carbon dioxide and water — to build their tissues. But the chemical process they use, photosynthesis, is extremely inefficient. To feed our growing population, scientists are working on ways to improve this very foundational chemical reaction by increasing its efficiency.One team developed a computer simulation of the entire photosynthetic process to systematically search for and test ways to enhance the process. Plant biologist Steve Long, from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, says if they combined all the individual gains they've discovered, he estimates they could improve efficiency by up to double. One of their latest studies is currently in the preprint bioRxiv. Another approach scientists are investigating involves replacing photosynthesis with more efficient chemical reaction to produce acetate as fuel for the plants' growth. This reaction could be powered by solar energy or any other form of electricity. Robert Jinkerson, a chemical engineer from the University of California in Riverside, said they're still developing this technology for plants, but they've shown that in single-celled photosynthetic algae that they can improve photosynthetic efficiency by at least four-fold. Their research is published in Joule. 

Text Light Pollution News!This month, host Bill McGeeney is joined by Travis Longcore, Adjunct Professor and Co-Chair of the Environmental Science and Engineering Program at the UCLA Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, and Paul Bogard,  author of The End of Night: Searching for Natural Darkness in an Age of Artificial Light, a finalist for the PEN/E. O. Wilson Literary Science Writing Award!See Full Show Notes, Lighting Tips and more at LightPollutionNews.com. Like this episode, share it with a friend!Bill's Picks:It's Almost Halloween. That Means It's Time for a Bat Beauty Contest, KQED Arts, KQED.The moon's influence on the activity of tropical forest mammals, Proceedings of the Royal Society B. Shedding light with harmonic radar: Unveiling the hidden impacts of streetlights on moth flight behavior, PNAS. Archaeologists Explore Life After Dark in the Ancient Night, Nancy Gonlin and April Nowell, Atlas Obscura. light pollution more light FRIGHT pollution (for best effect please read this sentence on all hallow's eve), Qwantz.com.  Support the showLike what we're doing? Your support helps us reach new audiences and help promote positive impacts. Why not consider becoming a Paid Supporter of Light Pollution News?

Air pollution and upward mobility Science Sessions are brief conversations with cutting-edge researchers, National Academy members, and policymakers as they discuss topics relevant to today's scientific community. Learn the behind-the-scenes story of work published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), plus a broad range of scientific news about discoveries that affect the world around us. In this episode, Luca Merlo and Francesca Dominici explore whether childhood exposure to air pollution can impact economic upward mobility as an adult. In this episode, we cover: •[00:00] Introduction •[01:01] Statistician Luca Merlo talks about the background of the study. •[02:15] Merlo describes measurement of upward mobility in the study. •[03:36] Statistician Francesca Dominici explains the results. •[04:15] Dominici explores the variation in results across US counties. •[07:08] Merlo talks about the caveats and limitations of the study. •[08:14] Dominici lists the implications for policymakers. •[10:20] Conclusion. About Our Guests: Luca Merlo Researcher European University of Rome Francesca Dominici Professor Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health View related content here: https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2401882121 Follow us on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, YouTube, or wherever you get your podcasts for more captivating discussions on scientific breakthroughs! Visit Science Sessions on PNAS.org: https://www.pnas.org/about/science-sessions-podcast  Follow PNAS: Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn YouTube Sign up for the PNAS Highlights newsletter

Octopus camouflage is incredibly hard workOctopuses have the remarkable ability to change their appearance in the blink of an eye – assuming new skin coloration and patterns for camouflage or communication. A new study in the journal PNAS has explored how much energy this takes, and it turns out transforming themselves is a workout harder than you'd ever get at the gym. Dr. Kirt Onthank is a professor of Biology at Walla Walla University and known as The Octopus Guy on social media.Bigger isn't better when it comes to dog brainsDog bodies and brain sizes vary enormously, but a new study comparing dogs' cognitive abilities and personalities with brain size reveals some surprises. The research, led by evolutionary biologist Ana Balcarcel, found that the biggest brains relative to their body sizes belong to the small, anxious, excitable companion dogs, while the trainable, obedient working breeds are not gifted when it comes to volume of brain tissue. The work was published in the journal Biology Letters.This universe is too sparse, this one's too dense, and this one? Well, it'll doOur universe might seem like it's perfectly tuned for life, but when it comes to the role dark energy plays in the emergence of life, it turns out that our universe might not be so special after all. A new study that simulated the development of hypothetical universes with different amounts of dark energy suggests the optimal amount of dark energy to enable the evolution of life is only one-tenth of the density in our universe. Daniele Sorini, a postdoctoral researcher at Durham University and his team published their work in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.  Why a smack on the lips might have come from a snack on a tickLip mashing is an oddity in the animal kingdom. Other than humans, few species have adopted the custom of pressing lips together as a signal of affection. A new theory for why humans kiss suggests it emerged from primate grooming practices, and the lip-lock has its roots in us slurping up parasites we've combed from a companion's fur. Dr. Adriano Lameira, an evolutionary psychologist at the University of Warwick published his new hypothesis in the journal Evolutionary Anthropology. Taking out our brains' trash may be key to maintaining a healthy brainSome scientists think it's possible that a host of neurological disorders, from Alzheimer's to Parkinson's, could be connected to problems with the way the brain rids itself of metabolic waste. A couple of recent studies in Nature are helping this longstanding puzzle about how this waste removal system works and what we might be able to do about it when it doesn't. A study published in Nature describes how synchronized electrical waves help flush the waste out when we sleep. Jonathan Kipnis, a neuroimmunologist from Washington University in St. Louis, said our neurons that are driving this waste removal system through what's known as the glymphatic system. A separate study of how gamma frequency stimulation, at 40 cycles per second, can kickstart gamma waves that are compromised in the brains of people with Alzheimer's. Li-Huei Tsai, a neuroscientist from MIT, said they found this stimulation flushes out beta-amyloid peptides in the brains of mice that would otherwise build up and form plaques which are the hallmark of diseased Alzheimer's brains.

* List of Discoveries Squeezing Evolution: Did you know that dinosaurs ate rice before rice evolved? That turtle shells existed forty million years before turtle shells began evolving? That insects evolved tongues for eating from flowers 70 million years before flowers evolved? And that birds appeared before birds evolved? The fossil record is a wonderful thing. And more recently, only a 40,000-year squeeze, Neanderthal had blood types A, B, and O, shocking evolutionists but expected to us here at Real Science Radio! Sit back and get ready to enjoy another instant classic, today's RSR "list show" on Evolution's Big Squeeze! Our other popular list shows include: - scientists doubting Darwin - evidence against whale evolution - problems with 'the river carved the canyon' - carbon 14 everywhere it shouldn't be - dinosaur still-soft biological tissue - solar system formation problems - evidence against the big bang - evidence for the global flood - genomes that just don't fit - and our list of not so old things! (See also rsr.org/sq2 and rsr.org/sq3!) * Evolution's Big Squeeze: Many discoveries squeeze the Darwinian theory's timeframe and of course without a workable timeframe there is no workable theory. Examples, with their alleged (and falsified) old-earth timeframes, include: - Complex skeletons existed 9 million years before they were thought to have evolved, before even the "Cambrian explosion".- Butterflies existed 10 million years before they were thought to have evolved. - Parrots existed "much earlier than had been thought", in fact, 25 million years before they were thought to have evolved. - Cephalopod fossils (squids, cuttlefish, etc.) appear 35 million years before they were able to propagate. - Turtle shells 40 million years before turtle shells began evolving - Trees began evolving 45 million years before they were thought to evolve - Spores appearing 50 million years before the plants that made them (not unlike footprints systematically appearing "millions of years before" the creatures that made them, as affirmed by Dr. Marcus Ross, associate professor of geology). - Sponges existed 60 million years before they were believed to have evolved. - Dinosaurs ate rice before it evolved Example - Insect proboscis (tongue) in moths and butterflies 70 million years before previously believed has them evolving before flowers. - Arthropod brains fully developed with central nervous system running to eyes and appendages just like modern arthropods 90 million years earlier than previously known (prior to 2021, now, allegedly 310mya) - 100 million years ago and already a bird - Fossil pollen pushes back plant evolution 100 million years. - Mammalian hair allegedly 100-million-years-old show that, "the morphology of hair cuticula may have remained unchanged throughout most of mammalian evolution", regarding the overlapping cells that lock the hair shaft into its follicle. - Piranha-like flesh-eating teeth (and bitten prey) found pushing back such fish 125 million years earlier than previously claimed   - Shocking organic molecules in "200 million-years-old leaves" from ginkgoes and conifers show unexpected stasis. - Plant genetic sophistication pushed back 200 million years. - Jellyfish fossils (Medusoid Problematica :) 200 million years earlier than expected; here from 500My ago. - Green seaweed 200 million years earlier than expected, pushed back now to a billion years ago!  - The acanthodii fish had color vision 300 million years ago, but then, and wait, Cheiracanthus fish allegedly 388 million years ago already had color vision. - Color vision (for which there is no Darwinian evolutionary small-step to be had, from monochromatic), existed "300 million years ago" in fish, and these allegedly "120-million-year-old" bird's rod and cone fossils stun researchers :) - 400-million-year-old Murrindalaspis placoderm fish "eye muscle attachment, the eyestalk attachment and openings for the optic nerve, and arteries and veins supplying the eyeball" The paper's author writes, "Of course, we would not expect the preservation of ancient structures made entirely of soft tissues (e.g. rods and cone cells in the retina...)." So, check this next item... :) - And... no vertebrates in the Cambrian? Well, from the journal Nature in 2014, a "Lower-Middle Cambrian... primitive fish displays unambiguous vertebrate features: a notochord, a pair of prominent camera-type eyes, paired nasal sacs, possible cranium and arcualia, W-shaped myomeres, and a post-anal tail" Primitive? - Fast-growing juvenile bone tissue, thought to appear in the Cretaceous, has been pushed back 100 million years: "This pushes the origin of fibrolamellar bone in Sauropterygia back from the Cretaceous to the early Middle Triassic..."- Trilobites "advanced" (not the predicted primitive) digestion "525 million" years ago - And there's this, a "530 million year old" fish, "50 million years before the current estimate of when fish evolved" - Mycobacterium tuberculosis 100,000 yr-old MRCA (most recent common ancestor) now 245 million- Fungus long claimed to originate 500M years ago, now found at allegedly 950 Mya (and still biological "the distant past... may have been much more 'modern' than we thought." :) - A rock contained pollen a billion years before plants evolved, according to a 2007 paper describing "remarkably preserved" fossil spores in the French Alps that had undergone high-grade metamorphism - 2.5 billion year old cyanobacteria fossils (made of organic material found in a stromatolite) appear about "200 million years before the [supposed] Great Oxidation Event". - 2.7 billion year old eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus) existed (allegedly) 1 billion years before expected - 3.5 billion year "cell division evidently identical to that of living filamentous prokaryotes." - And even older cyanobacteria! At 220 million years earlier than thought, per Nature's 3.7 billion year old dating of stromatolites! - The universe and life itself (in 2019 with the universe dated a billion, now, no, wait, two billion!, years younger than previously thought, that's not only squeezing biological but also astronomical evolution, with the overall story getting really tight) - Mantis shrimp, with its rudimentary color but advanced UV vision, is allegedly ancient. - Hadrosaur teeth, all 1400 of them, were "more complex than those of cows, horses, and other well-known modern grazers." Professor stunned by the find! (RSR predicts that, by 2030 just to put an end date on it, more fossils will be found from the geologic column that will be more "advanced" as compared to living organisms, just like this hadrosaur and like the allegedly 100M year old hagfish  fossil having more slime glands than living specimens.)  - Trace fossils "exquisitely preserved" of mobile organisms (motility) dated at 2.1 billion years ago, a full 1.5 billion earlier than previously believed - Various multicellular organisms allegedly 2.1 billion years old, show multicellularity 1.5 billion years sooner than long believed   - Pre-sauropod 26,000-pound dinosaur "shows us that even as far back as 200 million years ago, these animals had already become the largest vertebrates to ever walk the Earth." - The Evo-devo squeeze, i.e., evolutionary developmental biology, as with rsr.org/evo-devo-undermining-darwinism. - Extinct Siberian one-horned rhinos coexisted with mankind. - Whale "evolution" is being crushed in the industry-wide "big squeeze". First, geneticist claims whales evolved from hippos but paleontologists say hippos evolved tens of millions of years too late! And what's worse than that is that fossil finds continue to compress the time available for whale evolution. To not violate its own plot, the Darwinist story doesn't start animals evolving back into the sea until the cast includes land animals suitable to undertake the legendary journey. The recent excavation of whale fossils on an island of the Antarctic Peninsula further compresses the already absurdly fast 10 million years to allegedly evolve from the land back to the sea, down to as little as one million years. BioOne in 2016 reported a fossil that is "among the oldest occurrences of basilosaurids worldwide, indicating a rapid radiation and dispersal of this group since at least the early middle Eocene." By this assessment, various techniques produced various published dates. (See the evidence that falsifies the canonical whale evolution story at rsr.org/whales.) * Ancient Hierarchical Insect Society: "Thanks to some well-preserved remains, researchers now believe arthropod social structures have been around longer than anyone ever imagined. The encased specimens of ants and termites recently studied date back [allegedly] 100 million years." Also from the video about "the bubonic plague", the "disease is well known as a Middle Ages mass killer... Traces of very similar bacteria were found on [an allegedly] 20-million-year-old flea trapped in amber." And regarding "Caribbean lizards... Even though they are [allegedly] 20 million years old, the reptiles inside the golden stones were not found to differ from their contemporary counterparts in any significant way. Scientists attribute the rarity [Ha! A rarity or the rule? Check out rsr.org/stasis.] to stable ecological surroundings." * Squeezing and Rewriting Human History: Some squeezing simply makes aspects of the Darwinian story harder to maintain while other squeezing contradicts fundamental claims. So consider the following discoveries, most of which came from about a 12-month period beginning in 2017 which squeeze (and some even falsify) the Out-of-Africa model: - find two teeth and rewrite human history with allegedly 9.7 million-year-old teeth found in northern Europe (and they're like Lucy, but "three times older") - date blue eyes, when humans first sported them, to as recently as 6,000 years ago   - get mummy DNA and rewrite human history with a thousand years of ancient Egyptian mummy DNA contradicting Out-of-Africa and demonstrating Out-of-Babel - find a few footprints and rewrite human history with allegedly 5.7 million-year-old human footprints in Crete - re-date an old skull and rewrite human history with a very human skull dated at 325,000 years old and redated in the Journal of Physical Anthropology at about 260,000 years old and described in the UK's Independent, "A skull found in China [40 years ago] could re-write our entire understanding of human evolution." - date the oldest language in India, Dravidian, with 80 derivatives spoken by 214 million people, which appeared on the subcontinent only about 4,500 years ago, which means that there is no evidence for human language for nearly 99% of the time that humans were living in Asia. (Ha! See rsr.org/origin-of-language for the correct explanation.) - sequence a baby's genome and rewrite human history with a 6-week old girl buried in Alaska allegedly 11,500 years ago challenging the established history of the New World. (The family buried this baby girl just beneath their home like the practice in ancient Mesopotamia, the Hebrews who sojourned in Egypt, and in Çatalhöyük in southern Turkey, one of the world's most ancient settlements.) - or was that 130,000? years ago as the journal Nature rewrites human history with a wild date for New World site - and find a jawbone and rewrite human history with a modern looking yet allegedly 180,000-year-old jawbone from Israel which "may rewrite the early migration story of our species" by about 100,000 years, per the journal Science - re-date a primate and lose yet another "missing link" between "Lucy" and humans, as Homo naledi sheds a couple million years off its age and drops from supposedly two million years old to (still allegedly) about 250,000 years old, far too "young" to be the allegedly missing link - re-analysis of the "best candidate" for the most recent ancestor to human beings, Australopithecus sediba, turns out to be a juvenile Lucy-like ape, as Science magazine reports work presented at the American Association of Physical Anthropologists 2017 annual meeting - find skulls in Morocco and "rewrite human history" admits the journal Nature, falsifying also the "East Africa" part of the canonical story - and from the You Can't Make This Stuff Up file, NPR reports in April 2019, Ancient Bones And Teeth Found In A Philippine Cave May Rewrite Human History. :) - Meanwhile, whereas every new discovery requires the materialists to rewrite human history, no one has had to rewrite Genesis, not even once. Yet, "We're not claiming that the Bible is a science textbook. Not at all. For the textbooks have to be rewritten all the time!"  - And even this from Science: "humans mastered the art of training and controlling dogs thousands of years earlier than previously thought."- RSR's Enyart commented on the Smithsonian's 2019 article on ancient DNA possibly deconstructing old myths...  This Smithsonian article about an ancient DNA paper in Science Advances, or actually, about the misuse of such papers, was itself a misuse. The published research, Ancient DNA sheds light on the genetic origins of early Iron Age Philistines, confirmed Amos 9:7 by documenting the European origin of the biblical Philistines who came from the island of Caphtor/Crete. The mainstream media completely obscured this astounding aspect of the study but the Smithsonian actually stood the paper on its head. [See also rsr.org/archaeology.]* Also Squeezing Darwin's Theory: - Evolution happens so slowly that we can't see it, yet - it happens so fast that millions of mutations get fixed in a blink of geologic time AND: - Observing a million species annually should show us a million years of evolution, but it doesn't, yet - evolution happens so fast that the billions of "intermediary" fossils are missing AND: - Waiting for helpful random mutations to show up explains the slowness of evolution, yet - adaption to changing environments is often immediate, as with Darwin's finches Finches Adapt in 17 Years, Not 2.3 Million: Charles Darwin's finches are claimed to have taken 2,300,000 years to diversify from an initial species blown onto the Galapagos Islands. Yet individuals from a single finch species on a U.S. Bird Reservation in the Pacific were introduced to a group of small islands 300 miles away and in at most 17 years, like Darwin's finches, they had diversified their beaks, related muscles, and behavior to fill various ecological niches. So Darwin's finches could diversify in just 17 years, and after 2.3 million more years, what had they evolved into? Finches! Hear this also at rsr.org/lee-spetner and see Jean Lightner's review of the Grants' 40 Years. AND: - Fossils of modern organisms are found "earlier" and "earlier" in the geologic column, and - the "oldest" organisms are increasingly found to have anatomical, proteinaceous, prokaryotic, and eukaryotic sophistication and similarity to "modern" organisms AND: - Small populations are in danger of extinction (yet they're needed to fix mutations), whereas - large populations make it impossible for a mutation to become standard AND: - Mutations that express changes too late in an organism's development can't effect its fundamental body plan, and - mutations expressed too early in an organism's development are fatal (hence among the Enyart sayings, "Like evolving a vital organ, most major hurdles for evolutionary theory are extinction-level events.") AND: - To evolve flight, you'd get bad legs - long before you'd get good wings AND: - Most major evolutionary hurdles appear to be extinction-level events- yet somehow even *vital* organs evolve (for many species, that includes reproductive organs, skin, brain, heart, circulatory system, kidney, liver, pancreas, stomach, small intestines, large intestines, lungs -- which are only a part of the complex respiration system) AND: - Natural selection of randomly taller, swifter, etc., fish, mammals, etc. explains evolution yet - development of microscopic molecular machines, feedback mechanisms, etc., which power biology would be oblivous to what's happening in Darwin's macro environment of the entire organism AND: - Neo-Darwinism suggests genetic mutation as the engine of evolution yet - the there is not even a hypothesis for modifying the vast non-genetic information in every living cell including the sugar code, electrical code, the spatial (geometric) code, and the epigenetic code AND: - Constant appeals to "convergent" evolution (repeatedly arising vision, echolocation, warm-bloodedness, etc.) - undermine most Darwinian anatomical classification especially those based on trivialities like odd or even-toed ungulates, etc. AND: - Claims that given a single species arising by abiogenesis, then - Darwinism can explain the diversification of life, ignores the science of ecology and the (often redundant) biological services that species rely upon AND: - humans' vastly superior intelligence indicates, as bragged about for decades by Darwinists, that ape hominids should have the greatest animal intelligence, except that - many so-called "primitive" creatures and those far distant on Darwin's tee of life, exhibit extraordinary rsr.org/animal-intelligence even to processing stimuli that some groups of apes cannot AND: - Claims that the tree of life emerges from a single (or a few) common ancestors - conflict with the discoveries of multiple genetic codes and of thousands of orphan genes that have no similarity (homology) to any other known genes AND (as in the New Scientist cover story, "Darwin Was Wrong about the tree of life", etc.): - DNA sequences have contradicted anatomy-based ancestry claims - Fossil-based ancestry claims have been contradicted by RNA claims - DNA-based ancestry claims have been contradicted by anatomy claims - Protein-based ancestry claims have been contradicted by fossil claims. - And the reverse problem compared to a squeeze. Like finding the largest mall in America built to house just a kid's lemonade stand, see rsr.org/200 for the astounding lack of genetic diversity in humans, plants, and animals, so much so that it could all be accounted for in just about 200 generations! - The multiplied things that evolved multiple times - Etc. * List of Ways Darwinists Invent their Tree of Life, aka Pop Goes the Weasle – Head and Shoulders, Knees and Toes: Evolutionists change their selection of what evidence they use to show 'lineage', from DNA to fossils to genes to body plans to teeth to many specific anatomical features to proteins to behavior to developmental similarities to habitat to RNA, etc. and to a combination of such. Darwinism is an entire endeavor based on selection bias, a kind of logical fallacy. By anti-science they arbitrarily select evidence that best matches whichever evolutionary story is currently preferred." -Bob E. The methodology used to create the family tree edifice to show evolutionary relationships classifies the descent of organisms based on such attributes as odd-toed and even-toed ungulates. Really? If something as wildly sophisticated as vision allegedly evolved multiple times (a dozen or more), then for cryin' out loud, why couldn't something as relatively simple as odd or even toes repeatedly evolve? How about dinosaur's evolving eggs with hard shells? Turns out that "hard-shelled eggs evolved at least three times independently in dinosaurs" (Nature, 2020). However, whether a genus has an odd or even number of toes, and similar distinctions, form the basis for the 150-year-old Darwinist methodology. Yet its leading proponents still haven't acknowledged that their tree building is arbitrary and invalid. Darwin's tree recently fell anyway, and regardless, it has been known to be even theoretically invalid all these many decades. Consider also bipedalism? In their false paradigm, couldn't that evolve twice? How about vertebrate and non-vertebrates, for that matter, evolving multiple times? Etc., etc., etc. Darwinists determine evolutionary family-tree taxonomic relationships based on numbers of toes, when desired, or on hips (distinguishing, for example, dinosaur orders, until they didn't) or limb bones, or feathers, or genes, or fossil sequence, or neck bone, or..., or..., or... Etc. So the platypus, for example, can be described as evolving from pretty much whatever story would be in vogue at the moment...   * "Ancient" Protein as Advanced as Modern Protein: A book review in the journal Science states, "the major conclusion is reached that 'analyses made of the oldest fossils thus far studied do not suggest that their [allegedly 145-million year-old] proteins were chemically any simpler than those now being produced.'" 1972, Biochemistry of Animal Fossils, p. 125 * "Ancient" Lampreys Just Modern Lampreys with Decomposed Brain and Mouth Parts: Ha! Researches spent half-a-year documenting how fish decay. RSR is so glad they did! One of the lessons learned? "[C]ertain parts of the brain and the mouth that distinguish the animals from earlier relatives begin a rapid decay within 24 hours..." :) * 140-million Year Old Spider Web: The BBC and National Geographic report on a 140-million year old spider web in amber which, as young-earth creationists expect, shows threads that resemble silk spun by modern spiders. Evolutionary scientists on the otherhand express surprise "that spider webs have stayed the same for 140 million years." And see the BBC. * Highly-Credentialed Though Non-Paleontologist on Flowers: Dr. Harry Levin who spent the last 15 years of a brilliant career researching paleontology presents much evidence that flowering plants had to originate not 150 million years ago but more than 300 million years ago. (To convert that to an actual historical timeframe, the evidence indicates flowers must have existed prior to the time that the strata, which is popularly dated to 300 mya, actually formed.) * Rampant Convergence: Ubiquitous appeals to "convergent" evolution (vision, echolocation, warm-bloodedness, icthyosaur/dolphin anatomy, etc.), all allegedly evolving multiple times, undermines anatomical classification based on trivialities like odd or even-toed ungulates, etc. * Astronomy's Big Evolution Squeeze: - Universe a billion, wait, two billion, years younger than thought   (so now it has to evolve even more impossibly rapidly) - Sun's evolution squeezes biological evolution - Galaxies evolving too quickly - Dust evolving too quickly - Black holes evolving too quickly - Clusters of galaxies evolving too quickly. * The Sun's Evolution Squeezes Life's Evolution: The earlier evolutionists claim that life began on Earth, the more trouble they have with astrophysicists. Why? They claim that a few billion years ago the Sun would have been far more unstable and cooler. The journal Nature reports that the Faint young Sun paradox remains for the "Sun was fainter when the Earth was young, but the climate was generally at least as warm as today". Further, our star would shoot out radioactive waves many of which being violent enough to blow out Earth's atmosphere into space, leaving Earth dead and dry like Mars without an atmosphere. And ignoring the fact that powerful computer simulators cannot validate the nebula theory of star formation, if the Sun had formed from a condensing gas cloud, a billion years later it still would have been emitting far less energy, even 30% less, than it does today. Forget about the claimed one-degree increase in the planet's temperature from man-made global warming, back when Darwinists imagine life arose, by this just-so story of life spontaneously generating in a warm pond somewhere (which itself is impossible), the Earth would have been an ice ball, with an average temperature of four degrees Fahrenheit below freezing! See also CMI's video download The Young Sun. * Zircons Freeze in Molten Eon Squeezing Earth's Evolution? Zircons "dated" 4 to 4.4 billion years old would have had to freeze (form) when the Earth allegedly was in its Hadean (Hades) Eon and still molten. Geophysicist Frank Stacey (Cambridge fellow, etc.) has suggested they may have formed above ocean trenches where it would be coolest. One problem is that even further squeezes the theory of plate tectonics requiring it to operate two billion years before otherwise claimed. A second problem (for these zircons and the plate tectonics theory itself) is that ancient trenches (now filled with sediments; others raised up above sea level; etc.) have never been found. A third problem is that these zircons contain low isotope ratios of carbon-13 to carbon-12 which evolutionists may try to explain as evidence for life existing even a half-billion years before they otherwise claim. For more about this (and to understand how these zircons actually did form) just click and then search (ctrl-f) for: zircon character. * Evolution Squeezes Life to Evolve with Super Radioactivity: Radioactivity today breaks chromosomes and produces neutral, harmful, and fatal birth defects. Dr. Walt Brown reports that, "A 160-pound person experiences 2,500 carbon-14 disintegrations each second", with about 10 disintergrations per second in our DNA. Worse for evolutionists is that, "Potassium-40 is the most abundant radioactive substance in... every living thing." Yet the percentage of Potassium that was radioactive in the past would have been far in excess of its percent today. (All this is somewhat akin to screws in complex machines changing into nails.) So life would have had to arise from inanimate matter (an impossibility of course) when it would have been far more radioactive than today. * Evolution of Uranium Squeezed by Contrasting Constraints: Uranium's two most abundant isotopes have a highly predictable ratio with 235U/238U equaling 0.007257 with a standard deviation of only 0.000017. Big bang advocates claim that these isotopes formed in distant stellar cataclysms. Yet that these isotopes somehow collected in innumerable small ore bodies in a fixed ratio is absurd. The impossibility of the "big bang" explanation of the uniformity of the uranium ratio (rsr.org/bb#ratio) simultaneously contrasts in the most shocking way with its opposite impossibility of the missing uniform distribution of radioactivity (see rsr.org/bb#distribution) with 90% of Earth's radioactivity in the Earth's crust, actually, the continental crust, and even at that, preferentially near granite! A stellar-cataclysmic explanation within the big bang paradigm for the origin of uranium is severely squeezed into being falsified by these contrasting constraints. * Remarkable Sponges? Yes, But For What Reason? Study co-author Dr. Kenneth S. Kosik, the Harriman Professor of Neuroscience at UC Santa Barbara said, "Remarkably, the sponge genome now reveals that, along the way toward the emergence of animals, genes for an entire network of many specialized cells evolved and laid the basis for the core gene logic of organisms that no longer functioned as single cells." And then there's this: these simplest of creatures have manufacturing capabilities that far exceed our own, as Degnan says, "Sponges produce an amazing array of chemicals of direct interest to the pharmaceutical industry. They also biofabricate silica fibers directly from seawater in an environmentally benign manner, which is of great interest in communications [i.e., fiber optics]. With the genome in hand, we can decipher the methods used by these simple animals to produce materials that far exceed our current engineering and chemistry capabilities." Kangaroo Flashback: From our RSR Darwin's Other Shoe program: The director of Australia's Kangaroo Genomics Centre, Jenny Graves, that "There [are] great chunks of the human genome… sitting right there in the kangaroo genome." And the 20,000 genes in the kangaroo (roughly the same number as in humans) are "largely the same" as in people, and Graves adds, "a lot of them are in the same order!" CMI's Creation editors add that "unlike chimps, kangaroos are not supposed to be our 'close relatives.'" And "Organisms as diverse as leeches and lawyers are 'built' using the same developmental genes." So Darwinists were wrong to use that kind of genetic similarity as evidence of a developmental pathway from apes to humans. Hibernating Turtles: Question to the evolutionist: What happened to the first turtles that fell asleep hibernating underwater? SHOW UPDATE Of Mice and Men: Whereas evolutionists used a very superficial claim of chimpanzee and human genetic similarity as evidence of a close relationship, mice and men are pretty close also. From the Human Genome Project, How closely related are mice and humans?, "Mice and humans (indeed, most or all mammals including dogs, cats, rabbits, monkeys, and apes) have roughly the same number of nucleotides in their genomes -- about 3 billion base pairs. This comparable DNA content implies that all mammals [RSR: like roundworms :)] contain more or less the same number of genes, and indeed our work and the work of many others have provided evidence to confirm that notion. I know of only a few cases in which no mouse counterpart can be found for a particular human gene, and for the most part we see essentially a one-to-one correspondence between genes in the two species." * Related RSR Reports: See our reports on the fascinating DNA sequencing results from roundworms and the chimpanzee's Y chromosome! * Genetic Bottleneck, etc: Here's an excerpt from rsr.org/why-was-canaan-cursed... A prediction about the worldwide distribution of human genetic sequencing (see below) is an outgrowth of the Bible study at that same link (aka rsr.org/canaan), in that scientists will discover a genetic pattern resulting from not three but four sons of Noah's wife. Relevant information comes also from mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) which is not part of any of our 46 chromosomes but resides outside of the nucleus. Consider first some genetic information about Jews and Arabs, Jewish priests, Eve, and Noah. Jews and Arabs Biblical Ancestry: Dr. Jonathan Sarfati quotes the director of the Human Genetics Program at New York University School of Medicine, Dr. Harry Ostrer, who in 2000 said: Jews and Arabs are all really children of Abraham … And all have preserved their Middle Eastern genetic roots over 4,000 years. This familiar pattern, of the latest science corroborating biblical history, continues in Dr. Sarfati's article, Genesis correctly predicts Y-Chromosome pattern: Jews and Arabs shown to be descendants of one man. Jewish Priests Share Genetic Marker: The journal Nature in its scientific correspondence published, Y Chromosomes of Jewish Priests, by scie

Nationwide effects of smoke-related air pollution Science Sessions are brief conversations with cutting-edge researchers, National Academy members, and policymakers as they discuss topics relevant to today's scientific community. Learn the behind-the-scenes story of work published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), plus a broad range of scientific news about discoveries that affect the world around us. In this episode, Kai Chen explains the nationwide health effects of smoke-related fine particulate matter air pollution. In this episode, we cover: •[00:00] Introduction •[01:07] Environmental epidemiologist Kai Chen introduces the health risks of fine particulate matter. •[02:20] Chen talks about trends in air pollution in the United States. •[03:56] He explains the study findings. •[05:51] Chen explores conditions that exacerbate smoke-related health effects. •[06:55] Chen talks about the caveats and limitations of the study. •[08:36] He lists the implications for policymakers and for the public. •[10:16] Conclusion. About Our Guest: Kai Chen Associate Professor Yale School of Public Health View related content here: https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2403960121 Follow us on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, YouTube, or wherever you get your podcasts for more captivating discussions on scientific breakthroughs! Visit Science Sessions on PNAS.org: https://www.pnas.org/about/science-sessions-podcast  Follow PNAS: Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn YouTube Sign up for the PNAS Highlights newsletter

Indigenous hunting and beluga populations Science Sessions are brief conversations with cutting-edge researchers, National Academy members, and policymakers as they discuss topics relevant to today's scientific community. Learn the behind-the-scenes story of work published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), plus a broad range of scientific news about discoveries that affect the world around us. In this episode, Max Friesen, Eline Lorenzen, and Mikkel Skovrind explore beluga population dynamics in relation to subsistence hunting by Indigenous communities in northern Canada. In this episode, we cover: •[00:00] Introduction •[01:01] Archaeologist Max Friesen talks about the role of belugas in Inuvialuit culture. •[01:45] Evolutionary biologist Eline Lorenzen talks about the background of the study. •[02:26] Naturalist Mikkel Skovrind explains the methods of the study, including the sources of beluga samples and the methods of analysis. •[03:58] Skovrind introduces the results of the study, including the changing ratio of males to females harvested. •[06:07] Lorenzen describes the finding that genetic diversity of belugas had not declined over time. •[06:59] Friesen and Lorenzen talk about what the study reveals, and suggests, about past hunting methods. •[08:09] The authors explain the caveats and limitations of the study. •[09:05] Skovrind and Friesen explore the implications of the study for traditional subsistence hunting practices. •[10:19] Conclusion About Our Guests: Max Friesen Professor University of Toronto Eline Lorenzen Professor University of Copenhagen Mikkel Skovrind Postdoctoral researcher Lund University View related content here: https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2405993121 Follow us on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, YouTube, or wherever you get your podcasts for more captivating discussions on scientific breakthroughs! Visit Science Sessions on PNAS.org: https://www.pnas.org/about/science-sessions-podcast Follow PNAS: Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn YouTube Sign up for the PNAS Highlights newsletter

A Zombie star's outburst could soon be appearing in the night skyIn 1946 a stellar explosion brightened the night sky as the result of a zombie star going nova 3,000 light-years away reached Earth. The nova soon dimmed, but scientists are expecting a repeat performance any day now. NASA astrophysicist Elizabeth Hayes, the project scientist of the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, described it as a white dwarf star devouring so much of its companion star that it reaches a critical threshold resulting in a thermonuclear explosion on its surface. When that happens, they expect we'll be able to see it above the western horizon when it temporarily becomes as bright as any star in the Big Dipper. A tiny dinosaur used wings to run fast, and possibly to fly106 million years ago, in what is now South Korea, a bird-like dinosaur with wings ran across a muddy flat and left behind tiny footprints. By reconstructing its stride from these prints, paleontologists have found that it ran faster than could be explained if it weren't using its wings to push it along. Dr. Hans Larsson of McGill university says this discovery gives new insight into the evolution of flight in dinosaurs. This study was published in the journal PNAS.A climate-change disaster scenario could be closer than we thinkThis week, a group of 44 researchers from 15 countries presented an open letter to the Nordic Council of Ministers, to shed light on the potential collapse of a key ocean current system. The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, or AMOC, is a network of currents that brings warm water from equatorial regions North, and recirculates cool water South, and recent studies indicate it is slowing down because of climate change. A new study, from a team at the University of Oregon led by Christo Buizert, analyzed ice cores to look at what exactly happened when the AMOC had collapsed last, during the last ice age. Their results suggest that an ice sheet would have spread as far down as the South of France, or New York City, which would devastate ecosystems and plunge Europe into a deep freeze while disrupting rainfall distribution across Asia. The research was published in the journal PNAS.Cloudy with a chance of great whitesA group of researchers in California is using drone footage along with artificial intelligence to develop a shark forecasting system. The team, led by Douglas McCauley from the University of California Santa Barbara, have been flying drones over the waters of Padaro beach in California to get daily shark counts, and compare that to oceanological details to determine what conditions make the water more or less “sharky.” While they spotted up to 15 sharks a day near unsuspecting surfers, this beach has very few interactions between humans and sharks in any given year. The results of the drone study have been published in the journal Marine Ecology Progress Series.This biologist wants to change your mind about scary spidersSpiders. For some they're just a bit creepy. For others they're nightmare fuel. But for a select few, they're one of the most fascinating and intriguing creatures on our planet. Behavioural Ecologist James O'Hanlon is one of those people and he thinks we should trade in our arachnophobia for arachnophilia. He pleads his case in a new book, Eight-Legged Wonders The Surprising Lives of Spiders.

Who decided that we're fully mature at 18? Should 16-year-olds have the right to vote? And why are young people bringing their parents to job interviews? SOURCES:Jeffrey Arnett, senior research scholar in psychology at Clark University.Julie Beck, staff writer at The Atlantic.Grace Icenogle, confinement prevention administrator in the Washington Department of Children, Youth, and Families.Allyson Mackey, professor of neuroscience at the University of Pennsylvania.Trevor Noah, comedian, writer, and late-night television host.Heejung Park, professor of psychology at Bryn Mawr College.Lawrence Steinberg, professor of psychology and neuroscience at Temple University.Jean Twenge, professor of psychology at San Diego State University. RESOURCES:"1 in 4 Gen Zers Brought a Parent to a Job Interview," (ResumeTemplates.com, 2024)."Puberty Starts Earlier Than It Used To. No One Knows Why," by Azeen Ghorayshi (The New York Times, 2022)."Early Life Stress Is Associated With Earlier Emergence of Permanent Molars," by Cassidy L. McDermott, Katherine Hilton, Anne T. Park, Allyson P. Mackey, et al. (PNAS, 2021)."When Are You Really an Adult?" by Maria Cramer (The New York Times, 2020)."The Decline in Adult Activities Among U.S. Adolescents, 1976-2016," by Jean M. Twenge and Heejung Park (Child Development, 2019)."Using Developmental Science to Distinguish Adolescents and Adults Under the Law," by Laurence Steinberg and Grace Icenogle (Annual Review of Developmental Psychology, 2019).Born a Crime: Stories from a South African Childhood, by Trevor Noah (2016)."When Are You Really an Adult?" by Julie Beck (The Atlantic, 2016)."Adulthood in Law and Culture," by Vivian E. Hamilton (William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository, 2016)."Emerging Adulthood. A Theory of Development From the Late Teens Through the Twenties," by Jeffrey Arnett (American Psychologist, 2000). EXTRA:"Do 'Generations' Mean Anything?" by No Stupid Questions (2023).