POPULARITY
43 episodes with pnas
15 episodes with pnas
75 episodes with pnas
9 episodes with pnas
8 episodes with pnas
8 episodes with pnas
6 episodes with pnas
14 episodes with pnas
6 episodes with pnas
10 episodes with pnas
5 episodes with pnas
5 episodes with pnas
3 episodes with pnas
3 episodes with pnas
4 episodes with pnas
6 episodes with pnas
3 episodes with pnas
4 episodes with pnas
3 episodes with pnas
5 episodes with pnas
6 episodes with pnas
4 episodes with pnas
2 episodes with pnas
3 episodes with pnas
2 episodes with pnas
3 episodes with pnas
6 episodes with pnas
Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ Neue Behandlung bei Apfel-Allergie +++ Schlittenhunde früher in Grönland als gedacht +++ Wie das Weltbild den Blick auf Chefs prägt +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:STRUCTURED FRESH APPLE CONSUMPTION FOR BIRCH POLLEN FOOD ALLERGY SYNDROME IN AN UNCONTROLLED PHASE II/III TRIAL, The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 07.07.2025Origins and diversity of Greenland's Qimmit revealed with genomes of ancient and modern sled dogs, Science, 10.07.2025Savvy or Savage? How Worldviews Shape Appraisals of Antagonistic Leaders, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology: Attitudes and Social Cognition, 14.07.2025Scientists hide messages in papers to game AI peer review, Nature News, 11.07.2025Energy expenditure and obesity across the economic spectrum, PNAS, 14.07.2025Alle Quellen findet ihr hier.**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: TikTok und Instagram .
The adaptability of fungi to warmer temperatures is an obvious consequence of climate change. Perhaps less obvious is the role climate change has played on fungal pathogens emerging as a global health concern. While humans are mostly protected from fungal infections by our immune system and body temperature, a warming global climate could subvert the status quo. Some fungi are already adapted to warmer temperatures and causing invasive acute infections in humans: Candidozyma auris, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus fumigatus, to name a few. In this episode of Communicable, Angela Huttner and Josh Nosanchuk invite Arturo Casadevall, a Bloomberg Distinguished Professor at Johns Hopkins and this year's recipient of ESCMID's Excellence in Science Award, to discuss the world of fungi and their pathogenic potential in a warming world. Other topics include how to prepare for their emergence as a health threat, how fungi can be harnessed for applications that can benefit us, and ultimately answering the question Casadevall himself posed in the title of his recently published book, What if fungi win?This episode was edited by Kathryn Hostettler and peer reviewed by Robin Aerts of University Hospital Antwerp, Belgium. References1. Casadevall, A with Desmon S. What if fungi win? Johns Hopkins University Press, 2024.2. Smith DFG, et al. Environmental fungi from cool and warm neighborhoods in the urban heat island of Baltimore City show differences in thermal susceptibility and pigmentation. BioRxiv 2025. DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.10.566554 3. Casadevall A and Pirofski L. Benefits and Costs of Animal Virulence for Microbes. mBio 2019. DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00863-194. Cordero RJB et al. Radiation protection and structural stability of fungal melanin polylactic acid biocomposites in low Earth orbit. PNAS 2025. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.24271181225. Dadachova E, et al. The radioprotective properties of fungal melanin are a function of its chemical composition, stable radical presence and spatial arrangement. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2008. DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-148X.2007.00430.x6. Cordero RJB et al. The hypothermic nature of fungi. PNAS 2022. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2221996120
Unsere Themen in den Wissensnews: +++ menschengemachtes Patriachat +++ schwebende Fische +++ Schaumstoff ohne Plastik +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:The evolution of male–female dominance relations in primate societies, PNAS, 07.07.2025High postural costs and anaerobic metabolism during swimming support the hypothesis of a U-shaped metabolism–speed curve in fishes PNAS, 07.07.2025Pressemitteilung der TU Graz: Cellulose statt Erdöl: Team mit Beteiligung der TU Graz entwickelt nachhaltigen Schaumstoff, 02.07.2025Goldschmidt-Kongress Prag, dort wurden die Ergebnisse vorgestelltEye makeup in Northwestern Iran at the time of the Assyrian Empire: a new kohl recipe based on manganese and graphite from Kani Koter (Iron Age III), Archaeometry, 31.05.2025.Alle Quellen findet ihr hier.**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: TikTok und Instagram .
An experimental drug called NU-9 was invented at Northwestern University by Richard Silverman, PhD. It has been approved for clinical trials for the treatment of ALS and found to improves neuron health in animal models of Alzheimer's disease according to a new Northwestern Medicine study published in PNAS. This discovery is giving scientists hope that the drug could be effective in multiple neurodegenerative diseases by addressing the underlying mechanisms of these diseases. Silverman and Northwestern University Alzheimer disease expert, William Klein, PhD, discuss the potential of NU-9 in this episode.
A reference genome aids efforts to rescue the northern white rhinoceros Science Sessions are brief conversations with cutting-edge researchers, National Academy members, and policymakers as they discuss topics relevant to today's scientific community. Learn the behind-the-scenes story of work published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), plus a broad range of scientific news about discoveries that affect the world around us. In this episode, Franz-Josef Müller explains genomic tools to aid the functionally extinct northern white rhinoceros. In this episode, we cover: •[00:00] Introduction •[01:11] Multidisciplinary scientist Franz-Josef Müller introduces the northern white rhinoceros. •[01:55] He introduces induced pluripotent stem cells and why they're important in efforts to save the northern white rhinoceros. •[04:20] He talks about the genomic risks of using induced pluripotent stem cells •[05:21] Müller tells the story of how he and his colleagues came together to complete the study. •[06:36] He explains how the northern white rhino's genome was sequenced. •[07:58] He talks about the results and implications for stem cell genomic integrity. •[08:51] Müller enumerates the caveats and limitations of the study. •[10:24] Conclusion. About Our Guest: Franz-Josef Müller Professor University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein View related content here: https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2401207122 Follow us on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts for more captivating discussions on scientific breakthroughs! Visit Science Sessions on PNAS.org: https://www.pnas.org/about/science-sessions-podcast Follow PNAS: Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn YouTube Sign up for the PNAS Highlights newsletter
How we sleep tonight shapes how we move tomorrow!
This week, Misha chats with Katy Milkman, the James G. Dinan Professor at The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. A Fellow of the Association for Psychological Science and former president of the Society for Judgment and Decision Making, her research explores how insights from economics and psychology can be harnessed to change consequential behaviors for good. Her work, published in journals like Nature and PNAS, has been recognized by Thinkers50 as among the world's most influential in management thinking.In this episode, they discuss Katy's influential work designing “megastudies” to generate new insights about behavior change, as well as lessons from her bestselling book, How to Change. Katy also shares her perspective on translating scientific findings for a broad audience and the vital role of mentorship in academia.If you found this episode interesting, subscribe to our Substack and consider leaving us a good rating! It just takes a second, but it will allow us to reach more people and excite them about psychology.Links:Katy's book: How to ChangeKaty's Website: LinkChoiceology Podcast: LinkBehavior Change for Good Initiative: LinkMisha's website: LinkPodcast Twitter: @StanfordPsyPodPodcast Bluesky: @stanfordpsypod.bsky.socialPodcast Substack: https://stanfordpsypod.substack.com/Let us know what you think of this episode or the podcast! :) stanfordpsychpodcast@gmail.com
Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ Wem Chatbots eher vom Arztbesuch abraten +++ Was die Pubertät offenbar beschleunigt +++ Was die Überlebenschancen von Schimpansen-Babys erhöht +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:The Medium is the Message: How Non-Clinical Information Shapes Clinical Decisions in LLMs, FAccT '25: Proceedings of the 2025 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency, 23.06.2025The epigenetic impacts of pubertal acceleration following early caregiver disruptions, PNAS, 30.06.2025Socially integrated female chimpanzees have lower offspring mortality, Iscience, 09.06.2025ECMWF's ensemble AI forecasts become operational, ECMWF, 01.07.2025Nonuniversality of inflammaging across human populations, Nature Aging, 30.06.2025Alle Quellen findet ihr hier.**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: TikTok und Instagram .
Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ Häufige Albträume sind laut Metastudie größerer Risikofaktor als Übergewicht +++ Muster im Zahnzement verraten ob und wie lange wir rauchen +++ Klimawandel könnte Gin-Geschmack verändern +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Frequent nightmares triple risk of early death and accelerate ageing, EAN Congress, 22.06.2025Reconstructing smoking history through dental cementum analysis - a preliminary investigation on modern and archaeological teeth, PLOS One, 27.05.2025Methane-powered sea spiders: Diverse, epibiotic methanotrophs serve as a source of nutrition for deep-sea methane seep Sericosura, PNAS, 16.06.2025Antithrombotic drugs for acute coronary syndromes in women: sex-adjusted treatment and female representation in randomised clinical trials. A clinical consensus statement of the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI) and the ESC Working Group on Thrombosis, European Heart Journal, 20.05.2025Sources of variance in the volatile contribution of juniper to gin, Journal of the Institute of Brewing, 12.06.2025**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: TikTok und Instagram .
The boys discuss the secret to a happy life, where to find the most psychopaths, the robot workforce, why other countries hate American tourists, Robert Pattinson, and Raj's new special!The Treehouse is a daily DFW based comedy podcast and radio show. Leave your worries outside and join Dan O'Malley, Trey Trenholm, Raj Sharma, and their guests for laughs about current events, stupid news, and the comedy that is their lives. If it's stupid, it's in here.The Treehouse WebsiteGet 60% off the Magic Mind offer with our link and code: https://magicmind.com/ttsmf & TREEHOUSE60 #magicmind #mentalwealth #mentalperformanceGet a FREE roof inspection from the best company in DFW:Cook DFW Roofing & Restoration Defender OutdoorsUse code TREEHOUSE to unlock special discounts at Defender Outdoors!CLICK HERE TO DONATE:The RMS Treehouse Listeners FoundationLINKS:This One Trait Can Boost Your Happiness At Any Age, New Study FindsAmazon is reportedly training humanoid robots to deliver packages | The VergeDowntown Brooklyn Target's Window-Washing Drones Go ViralAversive societal conditions explain differences in “dark” personality across countries and US states | PNAS
Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ Regelmäßiges Gehen beugt chronischen Rückenschmerzen vor +++ Zahl der Aasfresser sinkt und das ist ein Problem +++ Menschen verwerten Kalorien unterschiedlich +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Volume and Intensity of Walking and Risk of Chronic Low Back Pain, Jama Network Open, 13.06.2025Global decline of apex scavengers threatens human health, PNAS, 16.06.2025Tree ring isotopes reveal an intensification of the hydrological cycle in the Amazon, Communications Earth and Environment, 17.06.2025Methanogenesis associated with altered microbial production of short-chain fatty acids and human-host metabolizable energy, The ISME Journal, 22.05.2025Coffee Consumption and Mortality among United States Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study, The Journal of Nutrition, 12.05.2025Alle Quellen findet ihr hier.**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: TikTok und Instagram .
Water and the possibility of life on Mars Science Sessions are brief conversations with cutting-edge researchers, National Academy members, and policymakers as they discuss topics relevant to today's scientific community. Learn the behind-the-scenes story of work published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), plus a broad range of scientific news about discoveries that affect the world around us. In this episode, researchers explain what we know about the potential for water and life on Mars and what we might learn from analysis of returned samples. In this episode, we cover: •[00:00] Introduction •[01:04] Mark Thiemens explains the importance of bringing samples from Mars back to Earth. •[02:37] Arya Udry explains the current gaps and limitations in the geological record provided by Martian meteorites. •[03:55] Bruce Jakosky explains what we currently know about the presence and history of water on Mars. •[05:26] Monica Grady explains how analyzing volatile species in Martian samples could provide insight into the planet's past climate. •[06:58] Rachel Slank describes the potential presence of liquid brines on Mars. •[08:27] Vashan Wright used recordings from a seismometer onboard NASA's InSight lander to estimate the volumes of liquid water that might be contained in the Martian mid-crust. •[10:14] Mark Sephton explains what biomarkers are and what kinds we might expect to find in Martian samples. •[11:34] Caroline Freissinet describes the discovery of long-chain organic molecules on Mars and the difficulties of conclusively identifying organic molecules as biomarkers. •[13:32] Thiemens explains the potentially far-reaching value of continuing to support the Mars Sample Return mission. •[14:37] Final thoughts and conclusion. About Our Guest: Mark Thiemens Distinguished Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California at San Diego Arya Udry Associate Professor – Graduate coordinator University of Nevada, Las Vegas Bruce Jakosky Professor Emeritus University of Colorado Boulder Monica Grady Professor Emirita Open University Rachel Slank Postdoctoral Fellow Lunar and Planetary Institute Vashan Wright Assistant Professor University of California, San Diego Mark Sephton Professor Imperial College London Caroline Freissinet Researcher Laboratory for Atmospheres, Observations, and Space French National Centre for Scientific Research View related content here: https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2421996121 https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2415280121 https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2404254121 https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2321080121 https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2404260121 https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2321067121 https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2409983121 https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2404256121 https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2420580122 Follow us on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts for more captivating discussions on scientific breakthroughs! Visit Science Sessions on PNAS.org: https://www.pnas.org/about/science-sessions-podcast Follow PNAS: Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn YouTube Sign up for the PNAS Highlights newsletter
No coração das Montanhas Zagros, há 40 mil anos, Homo sapiens e neandertais se encontraram — não como inimigos, mas como amantes, aliados e ancestrais. Este episódio revela os segredos genéticos, arqueológicos e emocionais desse cruzamento que moldou quem somos. Uma história de fogo, gelo e herança eterna, onde o passado pulsa ainda hoje em nosso sangue.Criação e Produção: Episódio escrito, narrado, gravado e editado por Waldir Franzini, em produção independente, no estilo raiz. A pesquisa é baseada em fontes científicas e históricas confiáveis, com cuidado na curadoria e ambientação sonora original.
Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ Nord- und Ostsee waren im Frühjahr außergewöhnlich warm +++ Archäologen haben den Zahnstein von Wildschweinen untersucht +++ Diese soziale Funktion haben Tier-Videos auf Social Media +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Investing in Climate for Growth and Development, OECD, 10.06.2025Nordsee im Frühjahr 2025 so warm wie nie zuvor, Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie, 10.06.2025Early evidence for pig domestication (8,000 cal. BP) in the Lower Yangtze, South China, PNAS, 09.06.2025Deutschland als Zwischenstation? Rückkehr- und Weiterwanderungsabsichten von Eingewanderten, IAB-Forschungsbericht 15/2025, 11.06.2025Concordia researchers examine the triumph of social media animal content, Concordia University, 10.06.2025Alle Quellen findet ihr hier.**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: TikTok und Instagram .
Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ Schlafmangel kann den Zähnen schaden +++ schädliche Skincare-Routine +++ Zikade sorgt für Gummi-Kartoffeln +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Sleep deficiency exacerbates periodontal inflammation via trigeminal TRPV1 neurons, PNAS, 09.06.2025.Pediatric Skin Care Regimens on TikTok, Pediatrics, 09.06.2025Global health and climate benefits from walking and cycling infrastructure, PNAS, 09.06.2025Fossilized gut contents elucidate the feeding habits of sauropod dinosaurs, Current Biology, 09.06.2025The daily relations between workplace anger, coping strategies, work outcomes, and workplace affiliation, Frontiers in Psychology, 28.02.2025**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: TikTok und Instagram .
Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten +++ DNA in der Stadtluft kann zum Beispiel Drogenkonsum verraten +++ Kam das Fleisch-Räuchern vor dem Kochen und Braten? +++ Bremslichter vorn am Auto für mehr Sicherheit +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Shotgun sequencing of airborne eDNA achieves rapid assessment of whole biomes, population genetics and genomic variation. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 03.06.2025A bioenergetic approach favors the preservation and protection of prey, not cooking, as the drivers of early fire. Frontiers in Nutrition, 16.05.2025Assessment of the Potential of a Front Brake Light to Prevent Crashes and Mitigate the Consequences of Crashes at Junctions. Vehicles, 29.05.2025Measuring historical pollution: Natural history collections as tools for public health and environmental justice research. PNAS, 30.05.2025Observations of the seiche that shook the world. Nature Communications, 03.06.2025Alle Quellen findet ihr hier.**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: TikTok und Instagram .
Using reinforcement learning to plan for an uncertain climate future Science Sessions are brief conversations with cutting-edge researchers, National Academy members, and policymakers as they discuss topics relevant to today's scientific community. Learn the behind-the-scenes story of work published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), plus a broad range of scientific news about discoveries that affect the world around us. In this episode, Ning Lin talks about how reinforcement learning methods plant to mitigate climate risk despite uncertainty in climate change risk forecasts. In this episode, we cover: •[00:00] Introduction •[1:04] Civil engineer Ning Lin introduces why climate forecast uncertainty complicates risk management planning. •[02:41] Lin explains how reinforcement learning works. •[03:26] She talks about why the team studied risk management for Manhattan. •[04:54] Lin explains the results of the reinforcement learning study. •[05:40] She recounts the results that surprised her. •[07:25] Lin explains the takeaways from the study for emergency planners. •[09:00] She enumerates the caveats and limitations of the study. •[10:11] Conclusion. About Our Guest: Ning Lin Professor Princeton University View related content here: https://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.2402826122 Follow us on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts for more captivating discussions on scientific breakthroughs! Visit Science Sessions on PNAS.org: https://www.pnas.org/about/science-sessions-podcast Follow PNAS: Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn YouTube Sign up for the PNAS Highlights newsletter
Can adults still grow new neurons in their brains? You'd think we might know the answer to the question of adult “neurogenesis” after more than half a century of neuroscience research. But it turns out we don't.In this episode of The Studies Show, Tom and Stuart look into the suprisingly controversial question of adult neurogenesis. Are you “stuck with” the number of brain cells you had as a child, or can you add to that number by making the right choices as an adult? And does it even matter?This podcast is brought to you by Works in Progress magazine, which this week has a new article explaining why nuclear power is so expensive (spoiler: it relies on an incorrect scientific model that we've discussed in previous podcast episodes: the “linear no threshold” model. For a full explanation, along with articles on a dizzying array of other progress-related topics, take a look at www.worksinprogress.co. Show notes* Summary post on the debate by Scott Alexander from 2018* 2000 PNAS study on the brains of London taxi drivers* 2021 retrospective review of taxi driver studies* Study comparing passed vs. failed cabbies on “The Knowledge”* Study putting together neuroimaging research on when the brain peaks in volume and other measures* 1962 Science study on neurogenesis in rats* 1999 BrdU study in macaque monkeys* Famous 1998 study on neurogenesis in the human hippocampus* 2006 PNAS sudy on testing neocortical neurogenesis using Carbon-14 dating* 2013 study using similar methods on the hippocampus* 2018 Nature paper claiming no adult neurogenesis* Associated commentary article* Atlantic article describing the controversy by Ed Yong* 2018 paper finding neurogenesis occuring up to age 79* 2019 Nature Medicine paper claiming “abundant” adult neurogenesis* Fair-minded 2019 review paper* Somewhat angrier 2021 review paperCreditsThe Studies Show is produced by Julian Mayers at Yada Yada Productions. We're grateful to Claire Wang for her help with researching this episode. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.thestudiesshowpod.com/subscribe
En lo último en salud y fitness edición de mayo 2025, damos un paseo por las últimas tendencias, investigaciones y noticias en el mundo de la salud y el fitness.Hoy tenemos un episodio especial con temas que van desde cómo el ejercicio al aire libre puede mejorar tu pensamiento, hasta descubrir que tu taza de café diaria podría estar haciendo más por tu cerebro de lo que imaginas. También veremos cómo un simple bloqueo en tu celular podría ser la clave para mejorar tu bienestar mental, y exploraremos datos importantes sobre ejercicio y cáncer de mama que pueden cambiar vidas.Atajos Del Episodio02:00 - ¿Quieres pensar mejor? Juega al aire libre [1]04:27 - ¿Y si tu paz mental está a un bloqueo de distancia?[2]07:51 - El ejercicio no cura el cáncer… pero sí puede cambiar todo lo demás[3]10:06 - ¿Y si tu café de la mañana también estuviera protegiendo tu cerebro? [4]12:29 - Melatonina: el héroe silencioso que podría proteger tu ADN mientras duermes de día [5]Grace Walters, Karah J. Dring, Ryan A. Williams, Robert Needham, Simon B. Cooper. (2025). Outdoor physical activity is more beneficial than indoor physical activity for cognition in young people. hysiology & Behavior. Volume 295, 2025, 114888, ISSN 0031-9384, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114888.Castelo, N., Kushlev, K., Ward, A. F., Esterman, M., & Reiner, P. B. (2025). Blocking mobile internet on smartphones improves sustained attention, mental health, and subjective well-being. PNAS nexus, 4(2), pgaf017. https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf017Lee, J., & Hwang, Y. (2025). The effects of exercise interventions on fatigue, body composition, physical fitness, and biomarkers in breast cancer patients during and after treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice, 10.1007/s11764-025-01772-x. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11764-025-01772-xAshfaq, Z., Younas, Z., Nathaniel, E., Rehman, A., Siddiqi, A., Rasool, N., & Amir, M. (2025). Association Between Caffeine Intake and Alzheimer's Disease Progression: A Systematic Review. Cureus, 17(3), e80923. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.80923Zanif, U., Lai, A. S., Parks, J., Roenningen, A., McLeod, C. B., Ayas, N., Wang, X., Lin, Y., Zhang, J. J., & Bhatti, P. (2025). Melatonin supplementation and oxidative DNA damage repair capacity among night shift workers: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Occupational and environmental medicine, 82(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2024-109824
De matière miracle à ennemi publique numéro 1, le plastique s'infiltre partout : y compris dans les grands titres d'actualité. “52 000 microparticules de plastique par an ingéré par notre corps selon une étude canadienne” lisait-on en juin 2019. “Du plastiques présents partout… jusque dans les fœtus humains” titrait Courrier International en 2024. Une pollution qui s'immisce au plus profond de nous et de notre environnement sans que l'on sache forcément remonter à la source de la contamination. Parfois, les réponses les plus prometteuses semble les plus incongrues. Et si nous regardions par exemple du côté… de nos pneus ? En plateau avec nous aujourd'hui pour parler de la pollution microplastique en ville, nous recevons : Louisa Landebrit, doctorante, et Tiago De Oliveira, post-doctorant, au Laboratoire Eau et Environnement de l'Université Gustave Eiffel sur le site de Nantes. Cette émission est en partenariat avec le Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Nantes, et leur cycle de conférences “Sciences Eton'Nantes”. Elle a été préparée, animée et réalisée par Sophie Podevin. RESSOURCES : Replay vers l'émission de France Télévision : Le Monde de Jamy "Le plastique, comment lui dire adieu" Étude américaine du 9 janvier 2024 publié dans la revue PNAS sur la présence de plastique dans les eaux en bouteilles Article de France Info de janvier 2025 sur la pollution au PFAS de l'eau potable
Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ Nachweis von „Lebenslicht“ bei Mäusen und Pflanzen +++ Buckelwale gebären auf Reisen +++ Gen sorgt für Größenunterschied zwischen Männern und Frauen +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Imaging Ultraweak Photon Emission from Living and Dead Mice and from Plants under Stress, The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 24.04.2025Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) continue migration after giving birth in temperate waters in Australia and New Zealand, Frontiers in Marine Science, 20.05.2025X and Y gene dosage effects are primary contributors to human sexual dimorphism: The case of height, PNAS, 19.05.2025The evolution of online news headlines, Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 13.03.2025150th Anniversary of the signing of the Metre Convention, BIPM, 20.05.2025Alle Quellen findet ihr hier.**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: TikTok und Instagram .
Insights in route planning from London taxi drivers Science Sessions are brief conversations with cutting-edge researchers, National Academy members, and policymakers as they discuss topics relevant to today's scientific community. Learn the behind-the-scenes story of work published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), plus a broad range of scientific news about discoveries that affect the world around us. In this episode, Hugo Spiers, Pablo Fernández Velasco, and Eva-Marie Griesbauer share what they learned about human route planning from talking with London taxi drivers. In this episode, we cover: •[00:00] Introduction •[00:59] Cognitive neuroscientist Hugo Spiers reviews previous studies on human route planning. •[01:29] Cognitive scientist and philosopher Pablo Fernández Velasco talks about why they chose to study London taxi drivers. •[01:49] Spiers describes the test that qualifies London taxi drivers. •[02:39] Spiers explains the experimental procedure. •[04:01] A recording of a taxi driver describing a route. •[04:57] Fernández talks about the data analysis. •[05:22] Psychologist Eva-Maria Griesbauer talks about the experience of interviewing taxi drivers. •[05:56] Fernández, Spiers, and Griesbauer recount the results of the study. •[08:43] Fernández and Spiers talk about the implications for the study of human route planning. •[10:22] Fernández describes the caveats and limitations of the study. •[11:15] Conclusion. About Our Guests: Hugo Spiers Professor University College London Pablo Fernández Velasco Postdoctoral researcher University of York Eva-Maria Griesbauer Postdoctoral researcher University College London View related content here: https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2407814122 Follow us on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts for more captivating discussions on scientific breakthroughs! Visit Science Sessions on PNAS.org: https://www.pnas.org/about/science-sessions-podcast Follow PNAS: Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn YouTube Sign up for the PNAS Highlights newsletter
In studio Luca e Leonardo di parlano di due argomenti di ricerca molto applicata. Nella prima parte Luca parla di un articolo uscito sulla rivista PNAS che descrive come si possa riuscire a pulire un catetere aggiungendo delle ciglia al suo interno e facendole vibrare con un ecografo, per generare un flusso che rimove impuritá e germi. Leonardo descrive come funziona un'organizzazione che sfrutta i RansomWare, dei software che servono a bloccare un sistema in produzione, per poi chiedere un riscatto alla vittima in cambio di riattivare il server. Nel mezzo, Giuliano intervista Luigi Buononato e Francesco Molinari due studenti del liceo Scientifico Martin Luther King di Genova per raccontare la loro esperienza, unica in italia, che ha riguardato la replica di un esperimento da nobel di fisica quantistica in una scuola.Cateteri con le ciglia: https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2418938122Ransomware: https://cacm.acm.org/research/ransomware-extortion-is-my-business/Un simpatico archivio che raccoglie chat tra gli estortori e le vittime: https://github.com/Casualtek/Ransomchats/blob/main/Conti/20210812.jsonDiventa un supporter di questo podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/scientificast-la-scienza-come-non-l-hai-mai-sentita--1762253/support.
How do monsoons really work? What makes them plentiful some years, but vanish completely in others, causing drought-like conditions? Climate scientists have been seeking answers to these questions for a long time. Now a research paper has come up with an intriguing explanatory concept: atmospheric memory. The study was conducted by two scientists -- Anja Katzenberger & Anders Levermann -- from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK). Titled ‘Monsoon Hysteresis reveals Atmospheric Memory', it was published recently in the scientific journal PNAS. The study showed, for the first time, that the atmosphere can store moisture over extended periods, creating a physical memory effect. In other words, the atmosphere can ‘remember' its previous state by storing physical information in the form of water vapour.” The paper also talks about how there is a tipping point in the system that determines monsoon rainfall. So, how does this discovery change our understanding of how monsoons work? What are its practical applications? What are the risks posed to this system by things like pollution and global warming? Guest: Anders Levermann, Professor of the Dynamics of the Climate System at the Institute for Physics and Astrophysics of the Potsdam University, Germany. Host: G. Sampath, Social Affairs Editor, The Hindu. Edited by Sharmada Venkatasubramanian. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ Manche Chilisorten enthalten auch Stoffe, die Schärfe abmildern +++ Durstige Pflanzenwurzeln ignorieren die Schwerkraft +++ Roboter löst Rubik's Cube in Weltrekord-Zeit +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Foraging for water by MIZ1-mediated antagonism between root gravitropism and hydrotropism, PNAS, 15.05.2025Identification of Chili Pepper Compounds That Suppress Pungency Perception, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 14.05.2025Thermal asymmetry in the Moon's mantle inferred from monthly tidal response, Nature, 14.05.2025Molecular and genetic characterization of sex-linked orange coat color in the domestic cat, Current Biology, 15.05.2025The gender gap in carbon footprints: determinants and implications, London School of Economics and Political Science, 14.05.2025Alle Quellen findet ihr hier.**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: TikTok und Instagram .
Episode Summary: Join host Chris Clarke in this thought-provoking episode of "90 Miles from Needles" as he delves into the crucial humanitarian efforts of Laurie Cantillo and Humane Borders. As the border challenges unfold, Laurie discusses her organization's mission to provide life-saving water stations in the desert for migrants facing extreme peril during their journey to the United States. This episode sheds light on the often-misunderstood realities of border crossings and the humanitarian responses necessary to combat these challenges. Through vibrant storytelling, Laurie Cantillo and Chris Clarke engage in a candid discussion about the evolving landscape of the U.S.-Mexico border, addressing widespread misconceptions and the dire need for compassion and accurate representation of migrants. The conversation highlights the devastating impact of border policies and the unyielding resolve of those risking their lives for a chance at a better future. With insights into borderland human rights, as well as environmental concerns caused by border militarization, this episode offers an in-depth exploration of the human and ecological costs associated with the border crisis. Key Takeaways: Humane Borders provides life-saving water stations across the Sonoran Desert to support migrants, hikers, and even wildlife, confronting the severe drought conditions and inhumane border policies. Contrary to this administration's narrative, migrants crossing the desert to seek asylum are not an "invasion," but rather families and individuals fleeing violence and economic instability. The concept of "prevention through deterrence" initiated by the U.S. government did not deter crossings but instead caused thousands of migrant deaths since its implementation. Laurie emphasizes the stark reality that many Americans are misinformed about migrant communities, which are less prone to crime and more likely to contribute positively to society. Initiatives like Humane Borders represent nonpartisan, humanitarian efforts focused on human dignity and environmental responsibility amidst geopolitical complexities at the border. Notable Quotes: “We're all human. We all need water.” - Laurie Cantillo “The government knew at the time that people would die, but did not expect it to occur at the scale that's happening.” - Laurie Cantillo “I would much rather have as my neighbor someone who would cross the desert to become a U.S. citizen than someone who just wants to slam the door shut on people in need.” - Laurie Cantillo “The only fear I ever have at the border is from far right militia and vigilante groups.” - Laurie Cantillo “The wall will fall down of its own accord. Probably before I do.” - Chris Clarke Resources: Humane Borders Website: humaneborders.orgHumane Borders' mortality map: https://humaneborders.info/app/map.asp Border Angels: Organization mentioned that helps families find missing loved ones. Website: https://www.borderangels.org/ Comparing crime rates between undocumented immigrants, legal immigrants, and native-born US citizens in Texas; Light et al, PNAS.org, https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2014704117 Dive deeper into this episode to discover the revealing insights Laurie Cantillo shares about border issues, humanitarian crisis, and the heightened militarization impacting both human lives and biodiversity at the U.S.-Mexico border.Become a desert defender!: https://90milesfromneedles.com/donateSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ Fortschritt bei strahlungsfreier Alternative zum Röntgen +++ Enge Freundschaften bei Gorillas offenbar nicht immer ein Vorteil +++ Mehr Essstörungen bei Mädchen +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Magnetic particle imaging angiography of the femoral artery in a human cadaveric perfusion model, Nature Communications in Medicine, 13.03.2025Löst Magnetpartikelbildgebung (MPI) das Röntgen ab?, Uniklinikum Würzburg, 05.05.2025Der Holocaust als Meme – Wie in digitalen Räumen Geschichte umgedeutet wird, Bildungsstätte Anne Frank, 06.05.2025Group traits moderate the relationship between individual social traits and fitness in gorillas, PNAS, 05.05.2025World report on social determinants of health equity 2025, WHO, 06.05.2025Alle Quellen findet ihr hier.**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: TikTok und Instagram .
This week on the show: Are we ready to create digital models of the human brain? Last month, Stanford researcher Andreas Tolias and colleagues created a "digital twin" of the mouse visual cortex. The researchers used the same foundation model approach that powers ChatGPT, but instead of training the model on text, the team trained in on brain activity recorded while mice watched action movies. The result? A digital model that can predict how neurons would respond to entirely new visual inputs. This landmark study is a preview of the unprecedented research possibilities made possible by foundation models of the brain—models which replicate the fundamental algorithms of brain activity, but can be studied with complete control and replicated across hundreds of laboratories.But it raises a profound question: Are we ready to create digital models of the human brain? This week we talk with Wu Tsai Neuro Faculty Scholar Dan Yamins, who has been exploring just this question with a broad range of Stanford colleagues and collaborators. We talk about what such human brain simulations might look like, how they would work, and what they might teach us about the fundamental algorithms of perception and cognition.Learn moreAI models of the brain could serve as 'digital twins' in research (Stanford Medicine, 2025)An Advance in Brain Research That Was Once Considered Impossible (New York Times, 2025)The co-evolution of neuroscience and AI (Wu Tsai Neuro, 2024)Neuroscientists use AI to simulate how the brain makes sense of the visual world (Wu Tsai Neuro, 2024)How Artificial Neural Networks Help Us Understand Neural Networks in the Human Brain (Stanford Institute for Human-Centered AI (HAI), 2021)Related researchA Task-Optimized Neural Network Replicates Human Auditory Behavior... (PNAS, 2014)Vector-based navigation using grid-like representations in artificial agents (Nature, 2018)The neural architecture of language: Integrative modeling converges on predictive processing (PNAS, 2021)Using deep reinforcement learning to reveal how the brain encodes abstract state-space representations... (Neuron, 2021) We want to hear from your neurons! Email us at at neuronspodcast@stanford.edu. Send us a text!Thanks for listening! If you're enjoying our show, please take a moment to give us a review on your podcast app of choice and share this episode with your friends. That's how we grow as a show and bring the stories of the frontiers of neuroscience to a wider audience. Learn more about the Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute at Stanford and follow us on Twitter, Facebook, and LinkedIn.
All the colours of the rainbow, plus oneResearchers have fired lasers directly into the eye to stimulate photoreceptors, and produce the perception of a colour that does not exist in nature. They describe it as a “supersaturated teal,” and hope the technique will allow them to better understand colour vision and perhaps lead to treatments for vision problems. Austin Roorda has been developing this technology using mirrors, lasers and optical devices. He is a professor of Optometry and Vision Science at University of California, Berkeley. The study was published in the journal Science Advances.Following in the footsteps of an ancient ankylosaurPaleontologists have found fossil footprints of an armoured dinosaur in the Canadian Rockies that fill in a critical gap in the fossil record. The footprints belonged to a club-tailed ankylosaur about five to six metres long, and are the first evidence of this type of dinosaur living in North America in a period known as the middle Cretaceous. The research was led by Victoria Arbour, curator of paleontology at the Royal B.C. Museum, and published in the journal Vertebrate Paleontology.Did the Neanderthals die from sunburn?Neanderthals disappeared 40,000 years ago, and new research suggests this corresponds to a period of weakness in the Earth's magnetic field that allowed an increase in the solar radiation reaching the surface. Researchers think they have evidence that modern humans were able to protect themselves from the sun better than Neanderthals could, and this might have contributed to the Neanderthal extinction. Raven Garvey is an anthropologist at the University of Michigan. Her team's research was published in the journal Science. Cloudy with a chance of ammonia mushballsNew observations and models of activity within Jupiter's stormy atmosphere is giving a weather report for the giant planet, and it's pretty extreme. Most interestingly, researchers predict conditions that could lead to violent lightning storms producing softball sized frozen ammonia “mushballs” that would rain through the upper atmosphere. The research was led by Chris Moeckel, a planetary scientist and aerospace engineer at the University of California-Berkeley Space Sciences Laboratory, and was published in the journal Science Advances.Shattering heat records: climate change is turning out to be worse than expectedIn the last few years, we've seen global temperatures rising faster, with more extreme localized heatwaves, than climate models predicted. Climate scientists are trying to understand this by investigating the underlying factors behind these heating trends. Richard Allan, from the University of Reading in the U.K., was expecting a larger than normal rise in global temperatures due to natural fluctuations, but global temperatures in 2023 and 2024 were much higher than expected. Their recent study in the journal Environmental Research Letters found a growing imbalance in the earth's heat system, with increasingly more heat coming in than leaving, in large part due to changes we've seen in global cloud cover.This global heating is not happening evenly around the world. Kai Kornhuber, from the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis in Austria and Columbia Climate School in New York, found regional hotspots that are experiencing unexpected extreme heat, likely due to a combination of factors. That study is in the journal PNAS.
Individual decision-making and collective animal behavior Science Sessions are brief conversations with cutting-edge researchers, National Academy members, and policymakers as they discuss topics relevant to today's scientific community. Learn the behind-the-scenes story of work published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), plus a broad range of scientific news about discoveries that affect the world around us. In this episode, researchers explore advances in the modeling of collective animal behaviors. In this episode, we cover: •[00:00] Introduction •[00:48] Conor Heins incorporated cognitive processes into a model of collective behavior. •[02:13] Eva Kanso analyzed how confinement influences collective behavior. •[03:41] Andreu Puy considered the role of speed in the leader-follower dynamics of schooling fish. •[04:45] Daniel Kronauer explored how a colony of clonal raider ants collectively responds to rising temperatures. •[06:02] Sonja Friman quantified the energy savings of starlings flying in complex formations. •[07:27] Daniele Carlesso modeled how weaver ants decide to form chains to explore their environment. •[08:43] Ashkaan Fahimipour explored how reef fish minimize the spread of misinformation. •[10:11] Clare Doherty explored the individualism of terrestrial hermit crabs moving in groups. •[11:44] Final thoughts and conclusion. About Our Guests: Conor Heins Machine Learning Researcher Verses AI / Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior Eva Kanso Zohrab A. Kaprielian Fellow in Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering University of Southern California Andreu Puy PhD Student Polytechnic University of Catalonia Daniel Kronauer Stanley S. and Sydney R. Shuman Professor Rockefeller University Sonja Friman Postdoctoral Fellow Lund University Daniele Carlesso Postdoctoral Researcher University of Konstanz Ashkaan Fahimipour Assistant Professor Florida Atlantic University Clare Doherty Research Associate Ulster University View related content here: https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2320239121 https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2406293121 https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2309733121 https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2123076119 https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2319971121 https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2216217120 https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2215428120 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-11469-1 Follow us on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts for more captivating discussions on scientific breakthroughs! Visit Science Sessions on PNAS.org: https://www.pnas.org/about/science-sessions-podcast Follow PNAS: Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn YouTube Sign up for the PNAS Highlights newsletter
Critical Midlife Strategies to Prevent Age-Related Brain Decline: In this episode, Nutritionist Leyla Muedin “Weighs In” with a landmark study published in PNAS, highlighting the importance of a critical midlife window to prevent age-related brain decline. Conducted by scientists from Stony Brook University and other renowned institutions, the study reveals that brain aging follows a non-linear trajectory with key transition points starting as early as age 44. The research identifies neuronal insulin resistance and metabolic changes as primary drivers, suggesting dietary interventions like ketogenic diets during midlife can provide significant benefits. Leyla emphasizes the importance of early metabolic health monitoring and lifestyle changes to mitigate cognitive decline, addressing the growing concern of Alzheimer's and related neurodegenerative diseases.
Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ Studie: Hunde hören zu - und mit +++ Realitätsnahe Avatare wirken in Wissenschaftsvideos vertrauenswürdiger als Zeichentrick-Figuren +++ Gut jeder und jede Zehnte hat schon per Ghosting Schluss gemacht +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) recognise meaningful content in monotonous streams of read speech, Animal Cognition, 12.04.2025Balancing Realism and Trust: AI Avatars In Science Communication, JCOM, 14.04.2025A new thyreophoran ichnotaxon from British Columbia, Canada confirms the presence of ankylosaurid dinosaurs in the mid Cretaceous of North America, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 14.04.2025The impact of viewing art on well-being—a systematic review of the evidence base and suggested mechanisms, Journal of Positive Psychology, 15.04.2025"Kids and Girls”: Parents convey a male default in child-directed speech, PNAS, 11.03.2025**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: TikTok und Instagram .
On a longtemps pensé que le vieillissement du cerveau était un processus progressif et linéaire. Pourtant, une étude publiée en 2022 dans la revue scientifique PNAS — Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences — révèle une réalité bien différente : le cerveau ne vieillirait pas de façon continue, mais par à-coups, avec un tournant brutal autour de 44 ans.Cette étude, menée par des chercheurs allemands et britanniques, s'appuie sur l'analyse de données d'imagerie cérébrale provenant de plus de 4 000 personnes âgées de 18 à 88 ans. En se basant sur une technique appelée « connectomique », les scientifiques ont cartographié les réseaux de communication entre différentes régions du cerveau. Leur objectif : comprendre comment ces connexions évoluent avec l'âge.Leur découverte principale est frappante : vers 44 ans, la structure du cerveau connaît une réorganisation brutale. C'est un peu comme si, à cet âge, les lignes de communication dans le cerveau étaient redirigées, certains circuits étant désactivés tandis que d'autres deviennent plus actifs. Ce basculement marque le début d'un déclin dans la rapidité et l'efficacité des échanges neuronaux. Concrètement, cela pourrait expliquer pourquoi, passé la quarantaine, certaines fonctions cognitives — comme la mémoire de travail, la vitesse de traitement ou la concentration — commencent à diminuer plus visiblement.Mais attention : ce n'est pas une fatalité. Ce changement ne signifie pas une dégénérescence irréversible, ni une perte de capacités immédiate. Il s'agit plutôt d'un tournant neurologique : le cerveau devient un peu moins plastique, un peu moins efficace dans sa manière de traiter et de transmettre l'information.Fait intéressant, l'étude montre aussi que toutes les régions du cerveau ne sont pas touchées de la même manière. Les zones les plus affectées sont celles impliquées dans des fonctions dites "supérieures", comme le raisonnement, le langage ou la prise de décision. En revanche, les zones sensorielles et motrices restent relativement stables plus longtemps.Ces résultats ont des implications majeures. D'abord, ils nous rappellent l'importance de préserver la santé du cerveau dès la quarantaine — voire avant — par une alimentation équilibrée, une activité physique régulière, un bon sommeil et une stimulation intellectuelle continue.En somme, selon cette étude parue dans PNAS, le cerveau humain pourrait connaître un tournant critique vers 44 ans. Un moment charnière, non pas pour s'alarmer, mais pour agir, en adoptant des habitudes qui favorisent un vieillissement cérébral en douceur. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.
Listen in as Real Science Radio host Fred Williams and co-host Doug McBurney review and update some of Bob Enyart's legendary list of not so old things! From Darwin's Finches to opals forming in months to man's genetic diversity in 200 generations, to carbon 14 everywhere it's not supposed to be (including in diamonds and dinosaur bones!), scientific observations simply defy the claim that the earth is billions of years old. Real science demands the dismissal of the alleged million and billion year ages asserted by the ungodly and the foolish. * Finches Adapt in 17 Years, Not 2.3 Million: Charles Darwin's finches are claimed to have taken 2,300,000 years to diversify from an initial species blown onto the Galapagos Islands. Yet individuals from a single finch species on a U.S. Bird Reservation in the Pacific were introduced to a group of small islands 300 miles away and in at most 17 years, like Darwin's finches, they had diversified their beaks, related muscles, and behavior to fill various ecological niches. Hear about this also at rsr.org/spetner. * Finches Speciate in Two Generations vs Two Million Years for Darwin's Birds? Darwin's finches on the Galapagos Islands are said to have diversified into 14 species over a period of two million years. But in 2017 the journal Science reported a newcomer to the Island which within two generations spawned a reproductively isolated new species. In another instance as documented by Lee Spetner, a hundred birds of the same finch species introduced to an island cluster a 1,000 kilometers from Galapagos diversified into species with the typical variations in beak sizes, etc. "If this diversification occurred in less than seventeen years," Dr. Spetner asks, "why did Darwin's Galapagos finches [as claimed by evolutionists] have to take two million years?" * Opals Can Form in "A Few Months" And Don't Need 100,000 Years: A leading authority on opals, Allan W. Eckert, observed that, "scientific papers and textbooks have told that the process of opal formation requires tens of thousands of years, perhaps hundreds of thousands... Not true." A 2011 peer-reviewed paper in a geology journal from Australia, where almost all the world's opal is found, reported on the: "new timetable for opal formation involving weeks to a few months and not the hundreds of thousands of years envisaged by the conventional weathering model." (And apparently, per a 2019 report from Entomology Today, opals can even form around insects!) More knowledgeable scientists resist the uncritical, group-think insistence on false super-slow formation rates (as also for manganese nodules, gold veins, stone, petroleum, canyons and gullies, and even guts, all below). Regarding opals, Darwinian bias led geologists to long ignore possible quick action, as from microbes, as a possible explanation for these mineraloids. For both in nature and in the lab, opals form rapidly, not even in 10,000 years, but in weeks. See this also from creationists by a geologist, a paleobiochemist, and a nuclear chemist. * Blue Eyes Originated Not So Long Ago: Not a million years ago, nor a hundred thousand years ago, but based on a peer-reviewed paper in Human Genetics, a press release at Science Daily reports that, "research shows that people with blue eyes have a single, common ancestor. A team at the University of Copenhagen have tracked down a genetic mutation which took place 6-10,000 years ago and is the cause of the eye color of all blue-eyed humans alive on the planet today." * Adding the Entire Universe to our List of Not So Old Things? Based on March 2019 findings from Hubble, Nobel laureate Adam Riess of the Space Telescope Science Institute and his co-authors in the Astrophysical Journal estimate that the universe is about a billion years younger than previously thought! Then in September 2019 in the journal Science, the age dropped precipitously to as low as 11.4 billion years! Of course, these measurements also further squeeze the canonical story of the big bang chronology with its many already existing problems including the insufficient time to "evolve" distant mature galaxies, galaxy clusters, superclusters, enormous black holes, filaments, bubbles, walls, and other superstructures. So, even though the latest estimates are still absurdly too old (Google: big bang predictions, and click on the #1 ranked article, or just go on over there to rsr.org/bb), regardless, we thought we'd plop the whole universe down on our List of Not So Old Things! * After the Soft Tissue Discoveries, NOW Dino DNA: When a North Carolina State University paleontologist took the Tyrannosaurus Rex photos to the right of original biological material, that led to the 2016 discovery of dinosaur DNA, So far researchers have also recovered dinosaur blood vessels, collagen, osteocytes, hemoglobin, red blood cells, and various proteins. As of May 2018, twenty-six scientific journals, including Nature, Science, PNAS, PLoS One, Bone, and Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, have confirmed the discovery of biomaterial fossils from many dinosaurs! Organisms including T. Rex, hadrosaur, titanosaur, triceratops, Lufengosaur, mosasaur, and Archaeopteryx, and many others dated, allegedly, even hundreds of millions of years old, have yielded their endogenous, still-soft biological material. See the web's most complete listing of 100+ journal papers (screenshot, left) announcing these discoveries at bflist.rsr.org and see it in layman's terms at rsr.org/soft. * Rapid Stalactites, Stalagmites, Etc.: A construction worker in 1954 left a lemonade bottle in one of Australia's famous Jenolan Caves. By 2011 it had been naturally transformed into a stalagmite (below, right). Increasing scientific knowledge is arguing for rapid cave formation (see below, Nat'l Park Service shrinks Carlsbad Caverns formation estimates from 260M years, to 10M, to 2M, to it "depends"). Likewise, examples are growing of rapid formations with typical chemical make-up (see bottle, left) of classic stalactites and stalagmites including: - in Nat'l Geo the Carlsbad Caverns stalagmite that rapidly covered a bat - the tunnel stalagmites at Tennessee's Raccoon Mountain - hundreds of stalactites beneath the Lincoln Memorial - those near Gladfelter Hall at Philadelphia's Temple University (send photos to Bob@rsr.org) - hundreds of stalactites at Australia's zinc mine at Mt. Isa. - and those beneath Melbourne's Shrine of Remembrance. * Most Human Mutations Arose in 200 Generations: From Adam until Real Science Radio, in only 200 generations! The journal Nature reports The Recent Origin of Most Human Protein-coding Variants. As summarized by geneticist co-author Joshua Akey, "Most of the mutations that we found arose in the last 200 generations or so" (the same number previously published by biblical creationists). Another 2012 paper, in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology (Eugenie Scott's own field) on High mitochondrial mutation rates, shows that one mitochondrial DNA mutation occurs every other generation, which, as creationists point out, indicates that mtEve would have lived about 200 generations ago. That's not so old! * National Geographic's Not-So-Old Hard-Rock Canyon at Mount St. Helens: As our List of Not So Old Things (this web page) reveals, by a kneejerk reaction evolutionary scientists assign ages of tens or hundreds of thousands of years (or at least just long enough to contradict Moses' chronology in Genesis.) However, with closer study, routinely, more and more old ages get revised downward to fit the world's growing scientific knowledge. So the trend is not that more information lengthens ages, but rather, as data replaces guesswork, ages tend to shrink until they are consistent with the young-earth biblical timeframe. Consistent with this observation, the May 2000 issue of National Geographic quotes the U.S. Forest Service's scientist at Mount St. Helens, Peter Frenzen, describing the canyon on the north side of the volcano. "You'd expect a hard-rock canyon to be thousands, even hundreds of thousands of years old. But this was cut in less than a decade." And as for the volcano itself, while again, the kneejerk reaction of old-earthers would be to claim that most geologic features are hundreds of thousands or millions of years old, the atheistic National Geographic magazine acknowledges from the evidence that Mount St. Helens, the volcanic mount, is only about 4,000 years old! See below and more at rsr.org/mount-st-helens. * Mount St. Helens Dome Ten Years Old not 1.7 Million: Geochron Laboratories of Cambridge, Mass., using potassium-argon and other radiometric techniques claims the rock sample they dated, from the volcano's dome, solidified somewhere between 340,000 and 2.8 million years ago. However photographic evidence and historical reports document the dome's formation during the 1980s, just ten years prior to the samples being collected. With the age of this rock known, radiometric dating therefore gets the age 99.99999% wrong. * Devils Hole Pupfish Isolated Not for 13,000 Years But for 100: Secular scientists default to knee-jerk, older-than-Bible-age dates. However, a tiny Mojave desert fish is having none of it. Rather than having been genetically isolated from other fish for 13,000 years (which would make this small school of fish older than the Earth itself), according to a paper in the journal Nature, actual measurements of mutation rates indicate that the genetic diversity of these Pupfish could have been generated in about 100 years, give or take a few. * Polystrates like Spines and Rare Schools of Fossilized Jellyfish: Previously, seven sedimentary layers in Wisconsin had been described as taking a million years to form. And because jellyfish have no skeleton, as Charles Darwin pointed out, it is rare to find them among fossils. But now, reported in the journal Geology, a school of jellyfish fossils have been found throughout those same seven layers. So, polystrate fossils that condense the time of strata deposition from eons to hours or months, include: - Jellyfish in central Wisconsin were not deposited and fossilized over a million years but during a single event quick enough to trap a whole school. (This fossil school, therefore, taken as a unit forms a polystrate fossil.) Examples are everywhere that falsify the claims of strata deposition over millions of years. - Countless trilobites buried in astounding three dimensionality around the world are meticulously recovered from limestone, much of which is claimed to have been deposited very slowly. Contrariwise, because these specimens were buried rapidly in quickly laid down sediments, they show no evidence of greater erosion on their upper parts as compared to their lower parts. - The delicacy of radiating spine polystrates, like tadpole and jellyfish fossils, especially clearly demonstrate the rapidity of such strata deposition. - A second school of jellyfish, even though they rarely fossilized, exists in another locale with jellyfish fossils in multiple layers, in Australia's Brockman Iron Formation, constraining there too the rate of strata deposition. By the way, jellyfish are an example of evolution's big squeeze. Like galaxies evolving too quickly,
Listen in as Real Science Radio host Fred Williams and co-host Doug McBurney review and update some of Bob Enyart's legendary list of not so old things! From Darwin's Finches to opals forming in months to man's genetic diversity in 200 generations, to carbon 14 everywhere it's not supposed to be (including in diamonds and dinosaur bones!), scientific observations simply defy the claim that the earth is billions of years old. Real science demands the dismissal of the alleged million and billion year ages asserted by the ungodly and the foolish. * Finches Adapt in 17 Years, Not 2.3 Million: Charles Darwin's finches are claimed to have taken 2,300,000 years to diversify from an initial species blown onto the Galapagos Islands. Yet individuals from a single finch species on a U.S. Bird Reservation in the Pacific were introduced to a group of small islands 300 miles away and in at most 17 years, like Darwin's finches, they had diversified their beaks, related muscles, and behavior to fill various ecological niches. Hear about this also at rsr.org/spetner. * Finches Speciate in Two Generations vs Two Million Years for Darwin's Birds? Darwin's finches on the Galapagos Islands are said to have diversified into 14 species over a period of two million years. But in 2017 the journal Science reported a newcomer to the Island which within two generations spawned a reproductively isolated new species. In another instance as documented by Lee Spetner, a hundred birds of the same finch species introduced to an island cluster a 1,000 kilometers from Galapagos diversified into species with the typical variations in beak sizes, etc. "If this diversification occurred in less than seventeen years," Dr. Spetner asks, "why did Darwin's Galapagos finches [as claimed by evolutionists] have to take two million years?" * Opals Can Form in "A Few Months" And Don't Need 100,000 Years: A leading authority on opals, Allan W. Eckert, observed that, "scientific papers and textbooks have told that the process of opal formation requires tens of thousands of years, perhaps hundreds of thousands... Not true." A 2011 peer-reviewed paper in a geology journal from Australia, where almost all the world's opal is found, reported on the: "new timetable for opal formation involving weeks to a few months and not the hundreds of thousands of years envisaged by the conventional weathering model." (And apparently, per a 2019 report from Entomology Today, opals can even form around insects!) More knowledgeable scientists resist the uncritical, group-think insistence on false super-slow formation rates (as also for manganese nodules, gold veins, stone, petroleum, canyons and gullies, and even guts, all below). Regarding opals, Darwinian bias led geologists to long ignore possible quick action, as from microbes, as a possible explanation for these mineraloids. For both in nature and in the lab, opals form rapidly, not even in 10,000 years, but in weeks. See this also from creationists by a geologist, a paleobiochemist, and a nuclear chemist. * Blue Eyes Originated Not So Long Ago: Not a million years ago, nor a hundred thousand years ago, but based on a peer-reviewed paper in Human Genetics, a press release at Science Daily reports that, "research shows that people with blue eyes have a single, common ancestor. A team at the University of Copenhagen have tracked down a genetic mutation which took place 6-10,000 years ago and is the cause of the eye color of all blue-eyed humans alive on the planet today." * Adding the Entire Universe to our List of Not So Old Things? Based on March 2019 findings from Hubble, Nobel laureate Adam Riess of the Space Telescope Science Institute and his co-authors in the Astrophysical Journal estimate that the universe is about a billion years younger than previously thought! Then in September 2019 in the journal Science, the age dropped precipitously to as low as 11.4 billion years! Of course, these measurements also further squeeze the canonical story of the big bang chronology with its many already existing problems including the insufficient time to "evolve" distant mature galaxies, galaxy clusters, superclusters, enormous black holes, filaments, bubbles, walls, and other superstructures. So, even though the latest estimates are still absurdly too old (Google: big bang predictions, and click on the #1 ranked article, or just go on over there to rsr.org/bb), regardless, we thought we'd plop the whole universe down on our List of Not So Old Things! * After the Soft Tissue Discoveries, NOW Dino DNA: When a North Carolina State University paleontologist took the Tyrannosaurus Rex photos to the right of original biological material, that led to the 2016 discovery of dinosaur DNA, So far researchers have also recovered dinosaur blood vessels, collagen, osteocytes, hemoglobin, red blood cells, and various proteins. As of May 2018, twenty-six scientific journals, including Nature, Science, PNAS, PLoS One, Bone, and Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, have confirmed the discovery of biomaterial fossils from many dinosaurs! Organisms including T. Rex, hadrosaur, titanosaur, triceratops, Lufengosaur, mosasaur, and Archaeopteryx, and many others dated, allegedly, even hundreds of millions of years old, have yielded their endogenous, still-soft biological material. See the web's most complete listing of 100+ journal papers (screenshot, left) announcing these discoveries at bflist.rsr.org and see it in layman's terms at rsr.org/soft. * Rapid Stalactites, Stalagmites, Etc.: A construction worker in 1954 left a lemonade bottle in one of Australia's famous Jenolan Caves. By 2011 it had been naturally transformed into a stalagmite (below, right). Increasing scientific knowledge is arguing for rapid cave formation (see below, Nat'l Park Service shrinks Carlsbad Caverns formation estimates from 260M years, to 10M, to 2M, to it "depends"). Likewise, examples are growing of rapid formations with typical chemical make-up (see bottle, left) of classic stalactites and stalagmites including: - in Nat'l Geo the Carlsbad Caverns stalagmite that rapidly covered a bat - the tunnel stalagmites at Tennessee's Raccoon Mountain - hundreds of stalactites beneath the Lincoln Memorial - those near Gladfelter Hall at Philadelphia's Temple University (send photos to Bob@rsr.org) - hundreds of stalactites at Australia's zinc mine at Mt. Isa. - and those beneath Melbourne's Shrine of Remembrance. * Most Human Mutations Arose in 200 Generations: From Adam until Real Science Radio, in only 200 generations! The journal Nature reports The Recent Origin of Most Human Protein-coding Variants. As summarized by geneticist co-author Joshua Akey, "Most of the mutations that we found arose in the last 200 generations or so" (the same number previously published by biblical creationists). Another 2012 paper, in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology (Eugenie Scott's own field) on High mitochondrial mutation rates, shows that one mitochondrial DNA mutation occurs every other generation, which, as creationists point out, indicates that mtEve would have lived about 200 generations ago. That's not so old! * National Geographic's Not-So-Old Hard-Rock Canyon at Mount St. Helens: As our List of Not So Old Things (this web page) reveals, by a kneejerk reaction evolutionary scientists assign ages of tens or hundreds of thousands of years (or at least just long enough to contradict Moses' chronology in Genesis.) However, with closer study, routinely, more and more old ages get revised downward to fit the world's growing scientific knowledge. So the trend is not that more information lengthens ages, but rather, as data replaces guesswork, ages tend to shrink until they are consistent with the young-earth biblical timeframe. Consistent with this observation, the May 2000 issue of National Geographic quotes the U.S. Forest Service's scientist at Mount St. Helens, Peter Frenzen, describing the canyon on the north side of the volcano. "You'd expect a hard-rock canyon to be thousands, even hundreds of thousands of years old. But this was cut in less than a decade." And as for the volcano itself, while again, the kneejerk reaction of old-earthers would be to claim that most geologic features are hundreds of thousands or millions of years old, the atheistic National Geographic magazine acknowledges from the evidence that Mount St. Helens, the volcanic mount, is only about 4,000 years old! See below and more at rsr.org/mount-st-helens. * Mount St. Helens Dome Ten Years Old not 1.7 Million: Geochron Laboratories of Cambridge, Mass., using potassium-argon and other radiometric techniques claims the rock sample they dated, from the volcano's dome, solidified somewhere between 340,000 and 2.8 million years ago. However photographic evidence and historical reports document the dome's formation during the 1980s, just ten years prior to the samples being collected. With the age of this rock known, radiometric dating therefore gets the age 99.99999% wrong. * Devils Hole Pupfish Isolated Not for 13,000 Years But for 100: Secular scientists default to knee-jerk, older-than-Bible-age dates. However, a tiny Mojave desert fish is having none of it. Rather than having been genetically isolated from other fish for 13,000 years (which would make this small school of fish older than the Earth itself), according to a paper in the journal Nature, actual measurements of mutation rates indicate that the genetic diversity of these Pupfish could have been generated in about 100 years, give or take a few. * Polystrates like Spines and Rare Schools of Fossilized Jellyfish: Previously, seven sedimentary layers in Wisconsin had been described as taking a million years to form. And because jellyfish have no skeleton, as Charles Darwin pointed out, it is rare to find them among fossils. But now, reported in the journal Geology, a school of jellyfish fossils have been found throughout those same seven layers. So, polystrate fossils that condense the time of strata deposition from eons to hours or months, include: - Jellyfish in central Wisconsin were not deposited and fossilized over a million years but during a single event quick enough to trap a whole school. (This fossil school, therefore, taken as a unit forms a polystrate fossil.) Examples are everywhere that falsify the claims of strata deposition over millions of years. - Countless trilobites buried in astounding three dimensionality around the world are meticulously recovered from limestone, much of which is claimed to have been deposited very slowly. Contrariwise, because these specimens were buried rapidly in quickly laid down sediments, they show no evidence of greater erosion on their upper parts as compared to their lower parts. - The delicacy of radiating spine polystrates, like tadpole and jellyfish fossils, especially clearly demonstrate the rapidity of such strata deposition. - A second school of jellyfish, even though they rarely fossilized, exists in another locale with jellyfish fossils in multiple layers, in Australia's Brockman Iron Formation, constraining there too the rate of strata deposition. By the way, jellyfish are an example of evolution's big squeeze. Like galaxies e
Modeling extreme heat waves Science Sessions are brief conversations with cutting-edge researchers, National Academy members, and policymakers as they discuss topics relevant to today's scientific community. Learn the behind-the-scenes story of work published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), plus a broad range of scientific news about discoveries that affect the world around us. In this episode, Kai Kornhuber explains how and why climate models struggle to reproduce extreme heat wave trends. In this episode, we cover: •[00:00] Introduction •[00:53] Extreme weather climatologist Kai Kornhuber explains why modeling heat waves is important. •[01:38] He talks about how the study modeled hotspots of anomalous heat wave activity. •[03:01] Kornhuber tells where the hotspots are located. •[04:17] He explains how well climate models reproduce these trends. •[06:43] He talks about ways climate modelers can improve model representation of heat waves. •[07:48] Kornhuber describes the caveats and limitations of the study. •[09:08] He enumerates the key takeaways. •[10:18] Conclusion. About Our Guest: Kai Kornhuber Senior Research Scholar International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis View related content here: https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2411258121 Follow us on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts for more captivating discussions on scientific breakthroughs! Visit Science Sessions on PNAS.org: https://www.pnas.org/about/science-sessions-podcast Follow PNAS: Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn YouTube Sign up for the PNAS Highlights newsletter
Most iguanas are indigenous to the Americas. So how did the Fijian species end up on the island, nearly 5000 miles away in the South Pacific? According to a new study in the journal PNAS, it was probably via raft ... that is, on clump of floating trees. And this rafting hypothesis isn't entirely unprecedented. After hurricanes Luis and Marilyn hit the Caribbean in the 1990s, researchers found that a group of iguanas had floated over 180 miles away from Guadeloupe to the territory of Anguilla. Want to hear more about iguanas? Or rafts? Or evolutionary biology? Email us at shortwave@npr.org.Listen to every episode of Short Wave sponsor-free and support our work at NPR by signing up for Short Wave+ at plus.npr.org/shortwave.Learn more about sponsor message choices: podcastchoices.com/adchoicesNPR Privacy Policy
Reconsidering the social cost of carbon Science Sessions are brief conversations with cutting-edge researchers, National Academy members, and policymakers as they discuss topics relevant to today's scientific community. Learn the behind-the-scenes story of work published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), plus a broad range of scientific news about discoveries that affect the world around us. In this episode, Frances Moore presents a re-analysis of how the social costs of carbon emissions are quantified. In this episode, we cover: •[00:00] Introduction •[00:50] Climate economist Frances Moore explains the “social cost of carbon.” •[02:21] She describes the background of the study. •[03:35] She talks about the methods of the study, which included a survey of experts. •[05:18] Moore presents the results, including underestimation of the social cost of carbon. •[07:02] She talks about the policy implications of the study. •[08:35] Moore discusses the caveats and limitations of the study. •[09:21] Conclusion. About Our Guest: Frances Moore Associate professor University of California, Davis View related content here: https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2410733121 Follow us on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts for more captivating discussions on scientific breakthroughs! Visit Science Sessions on PNAS.org: https://www.pnas.org/about/science-sessions-podcast Follow PNAS: Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn YouTube Sign up for the PNAS Highlights newsletter
How hula hoops stay aloft Science Sessions are brief conversations with cutting-edge researchers, National Academy members, and policymakers as they discuss topics relevant to today's scientific community. Learn the behind-the-scenes story of work published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), plus a broad range of scientific news about discoveries that affect the world around us. In this episode, Olivia Pomerenk reveals the physics of hula hooping. In this episode, we cover: •[00:00] Introduction •[00:49] Applied mathematician Olivia Pomerenk talks about the history of hula hooping. •[01:52] Pomerenk explains the fascinating nature of hula hoop motion as well as her own personal experiences with the children's toy. •[02:44] She describes the experimental setup with robotic hula hoopers, as well as the mathematical model that arose from experiments. •[04:44] Pomerenk enumerates the forces needed for successful hula hooping. •[05:51] She explains how body shape affects hula hooping. •[07:17] She explores potential applications of the findings. •[08:01] Pomerenk discusses the caveats and limitations of the study. •[08:44] Conclusion. About Our Guests: Olivia Pomerenk PhD Candidate Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University View related content here: https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2411588121 Follow us on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts for more captivating discussions on scientific breakthroughs! Visit Science Sessions on PNAS.org: https://www.pnas.org/about/science-sessions-podcast Follow PNAS: Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn YouTube Sign up for the PNAS Highlights newsletter
durée : 00:05:05 - Avec sciences - par : Alexandre Morales - Une publication parue dans la revue PNAS dévoile une méthode pour produire des anticorps simplifiés, plus facilement et pour moins cher. Une spectaculaire avancée thérapeutique.
L'augmentation progressive de la taille du cerveau humain au cours de l'évolution est un phénomène fascinant, qui a accompagné le développement de nos capacités cognitives. Mais quels sont les mécanismes qui ont conduit à cette évolution ? Une récente étude, publiée dans la revue PNAS, apporte un éclairage nouveau sur ce sujet en analysant les volumes crâniens sur une période de 7 millions d'années.Une croissance graduelle au sein des espècesLes chercheurs ont distingué deux dynamiques dans l'évolution du cerveau : celle qui se produit au sein d'une espèce et celle qui intervient entre différentes espèces. En examinant les données fossiles, ils ont constaté que, pour chaque espèce humaine étudiée, la taille du cerveau augmentait progressivement au fil du temps. Ce phénomène pourrait être lié à la sélection naturelle, qui favorise les individus aux capacités cognitives supérieures, leur permettant de mieux s'adapter à leur environnement.Une évolution liée aux changements environnementaux et sociauxL'augmentation de la taille du cerveau ne s'est pas produite au hasard. Plusieurs facteurs ont joué un rôle clé, notamment les changements environnementaux et les pressions de sélection qui en ont découlé. Par exemple, les ancêtres des humains modernes ont dû faire face à des climats instables, les obligeant à développer des stratégies de survie plus complexes. La fabrication d'outils, la chasse en groupe et l'émergence du langage ont ainsi contribué à renforcer l'intelligence et, par conséquent, à favoriser les individus ayant un cerveau plus développé.Des transitions entre espèces avec des sauts évolutifsL'analyse montre également que si, au sein d'une même espèce, la croissance du cerveau est progressive, des sauts évolutifs ont eu lieu lors des transitions entre différentes espèces. Par exemple, le passage de Homo habilis à Homo erectus, puis à Homo sapiens, a été marqué par des augmentations significatives du volume crânien. Ces sauts pourraient être liés à des innovations majeures, comme la maîtrise du feu ou l'amélioration des structures sociales, qui ont offert un avantage évolutif aux individus dotés d'un cerveau plus grand.Une augmentation qui a des limitesSi le cerveau humain a continué de croître pendant des millions d'années, cette tendance semble s'être stabilisée depuis quelques milliers d'années. En effet, un cerveau plus grand demande plus d'énergie et entraîne des contraintes physiologiques. L'évolution semble désormais privilégier une meilleure efficacité cérébrale plutôt qu'une simple augmentation de taille. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.
L'augmentation progressive de la taille du cerveau humain au cours de l'évolution est un phénomène fascinant, qui a accompagné le développement de nos capacités cognitives. Mais quels sont les mécanismes qui ont conduit à cette évolution ? Une récente étude, publiée dans la revue PNAS, apporte un éclairage nouveau sur ce sujet en analysant les volumes crâniens sur une période de 7 millions d'années.Une croissance graduelle au sein des espècesLes chercheurs ont distingué deux dynamiques dans l'évolution du cerveau : celle qui se produit au sein d'une espèce et celle qui intervient entre différentes espèces. En examinant les données fossiles, ils ont constaté que, pour chaque espèce humaine étudiée, la taille du cerveau augmentait progressivement au fil du temps. Ce phénomène pourrait être lié à la sélection naturelle, qui favorise les individus aux capacités cognitives supérieures, leur permettant de mieux s'adapter à leur environnement.Une évolution liée aux changements environnementaux et sociauxL'augmentation de la taille du cerveau ne s'est pas produite au hasard. Plusieurs facteurs ont joué un rôle clé, notamment les changements environnementaux et les pressions de sélection qui en ont découlé. Par exemple, les ancêtres des humains modernes ont dû faire face à des climats instables, les obligeant à développer des stratégies de survie plus complexes. La fabrication d'outils, la chasse en groupe et l'émergence du langage ont ainsi contribué à renforcer l'intelligence et, par conséquent, à favoriser les individus ayant un cerveau plus développé.Des transitions entre espèces avec des sauts évolutifsL'analyse montre également que si, au sein d'une même espèce, la croissance du cerveau est progressive, des sauts évolutifs ont eu lieu lors des transitions entre différentes espèces. Par exemple, le passage de Homo habilis à Homo erectus, puis à Homo sapiens, a été marqué par des augmentations significatives du volume crânien. Ces sauts pourraient être liés à des innovations majeures, comme la maîtrise du feu ou l'amélioration des structures sociales, qui ont offert un avantage évolutif aux individus dotés d'un cerveau plus grand.Une augmentation qui a des limitesSi le cerveau humain a continué de croître pendant des millions d'années, cette tendance semble s'être stabilisée depuis quelques milliers d'années. En effet, un cerveau plus grand demande plus d'énergie et entraîne des contraintes physiologiques. L'évolution semble désormais privilégier une meilleure efficacité cérébrale plutôt qu'une simple augmentation de taille. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.
Erosion, subsidence, and sea level rise on Arctic coastlines Science Sessions are brief conversations with cutting-edge researchers, National Academy members, and policymakers as they discuss topics relevant to today's scientific community. Learn the behind-the-scenes story of work published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), plus a broad range of scientific news about discoveries that affect the world around us. In this episode, Roger Creel describes how compounding forces could reshape a thawing Arctic coastline. In this episode, we cover: •[00:00] Introduction •[00:57] Sea level geophysicist Roger Creel introduces the importance of subsidence in Arctic coastline erosion. •[02:04] Creel describes his firsthand experiences seeing how erosion, subsidence, and sea level rise are impacting Alaskan communities. •[03:43] He explains how his model of coastline impacts was constructed. •[05:49] He describes the results of the study. •[06:43] Creel talks about the risks to coastal infrastructure. •[08:10] He lists the caveats and limitations of the study. •[08:54] Creel says that the coastline impacts may differ in different parts of the Arctic, depending on glacial history. •[09:25] He explains the takeaways from the study. •[10:39] Conclusion. About Our Guests: Roger Creel Postdoctoral scholar Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution View related content here: https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2409411121 Follow us on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts for more captivating discussions on scientific breakthroughs! Visit Science Sessions on PNAS.org: https://www.pnas.org/about/science-sessions-podcast Follow PNAS: Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn YouTube Sign up for the PNAS Highlights newsletter
As soon as the last ice age glaciers melted, Indigenous people occupied this siteA recently discovered archaeological site in Saskatchewan, dated to just less than 11,000 years ago is the oldest settlement in the region by about 1,500 years. It also is evidence that Indigenous people settled there as soon as the environment could support them after the glaciers disappeared. Glenn Stuart, from the University of Saskatchewan, is one of the archaeologists working along with local Indigenous community members to preserve and study the site.Just the right magnetic field will make sea turtles do a ‘happy dance'Researchers investigating how sea turtles navigate the vast and trackless ocean have discovered just how sensitive the reptiles' magnetic sense is, as they can even use it to identify the location of food resources. While feeding the loggerhead turtles in the lab, Kayla Goforth, a postdoctoral researcher at Texas A&M University noticed that the turtles would perform a ‘happy dance' when they recognized the right magnetic signature. She led this research that was published in the journal Nature.Intense exercise causes our bodies to belch out DNA that may reduce inflammationScientists were surprised to discover that the more intensely you exercise, the more certain immune cells belch out fragments of DNA that can form webs to trap pathogens, and lead to fewer pro-inflammatory immune cells circulating in our blood. Canadian researcher Stephen Montgomery, a professor of pathology at Stanford University, said their findings suggest that circulating cell-free DNA may play a role in how exercise lowers inflammation in the body. The study was published in the journal PNAS. An ancient Antarctic duck lived at the time of T-RexBirds are the last surviving lineage of dinosaurs, but modern birds are surprisingly ancient – dating to before the extinction of the rest of their family. An extremely rare, nearly intact bird skull found in Antarctica and dated to about 69 million years ago confirms this. This waterfowl had similarities to ducks and loons. Chris Torres is an assistant professor at the University of the Pacific in Stockton California and was part of the team that analyzed this fossil. Their research was published in the journal Nature.Science is being transformed by the AI revolutionThe stunning advances in artificial intelligence that we see with internet AI apps are just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to science. Researchers from almost every field are experimenting with this powerful new tool to diagnose disease, understand climate change, develop strategies for conservation and discover new kinds of materials. And AI is on the threshold of being able to make discoveries all by itself. Will it put scientists out of a job?Producer Amanda Buckiewicz spoke with:Jeff Clune, a professor of computer science at the University of British Columbia, a Canada CIFAR AI Chair at the Vector Institute, and a senior research advisor to DeepMind. He's also a co-author of The AI Scientist.Allison Noble, a Professor of Biomedical Engineering at the University of Oxford and a Foreign Secretary at the Royal Society, and chair of the Science in the Age of AI working group.Elissa Strome, executive director of the Pan-Canadian Artificial Intelligence Strategy at CIFAR.Cong Lu, postdoctoral research and teaching fellow at the University of British Columbia and the Vector Institute, and a co-author of The AI Scientist.Fred Morstatter, a research assistant professor at the University of Southern California, and a principal scientist at USC's Information Sciences Institute.
A little bit of scratching can do some good, but too much can hurtScratching an itch can feel great, so scientists decided to dig into why that is the case since we know too much scratching isn't good for us. Dr. Dan Kaplan, a professor of dermatology and immunology at the University of Pittsburgh, said they found that scratching drives inflammation to the skin, which, in light moderation, helps to fight bacterial skin infections. But he warns that continual or excessive scratching can prolong an itch and potentially damage the skin. Their study is in the journal Science. Bear hazing goes high-tech with dronesA wildlife manager in the US has found that drones can be a safe and effective way to discourage problem bears from troubling human habitation and livestock. Wesley Sarmento started working in the prairies of Montana to prevent bear-human conflicts, but found the usual tricks of the trade were not as effective as he wanted them to be. Previously he tried to use noisemakers, dogs, trucks, and firearms, but buzzing bears with flying robots turned out to work much better. Now a PhD student at the University of Montana, he published an article about his hazing research in Frontiers in Conservation Science.Ants can remember and hold grudges against those who trouble themWhen ants fight with those from another nearby colony, it makes an impression. A new study has found the insects can remember the chemical signature of the aggressors, and will respond more vigorously and violently the next time they cross paths. Dr. Volker Nehring, a researcher at the University of Freiburg, Germany, describes the phenomenon as “the nasty neighbour" where ants are most aggressive to ant colonies closest to them, and says this is due to resource protection. Dr Nehring and his team's research was published in the journal Current Biology.Scientists on the front line of permafrost thaw describe changes in the Arctic The acceleration of change in the Arctic due to global warming is transforming the landscape on a year-to-year basis, often in surprising ways. That's according to scientists who've been studying the effects of climate change in the North. One study found that lakes in Western Greenland shifted from pristine blue to dirty brown from one year to the next due to increased permafrost melting and runoff. Jasmine Saros, a lake ecologist from the University of Maine, said they were astonished by the magnitude of change they saw in all 10 lakes they studied and how quickly it happened. That study was published in the journal PNAS. We also speak with William Quinton, a permafrost hydrologist from Wilfred Laurier University and the director of the Scotty Creek Research Station in southern Northwest Territories, an area he describes as “the frontline of permafrost thaw.” Quinton was part of a research team, led by Anna Virkkala from the Woodwell Climate Research Centre, that found that 34 per cent of the Arctic Boreal Zone — a region where carbon was safely locked up in the permafrost for thousands of years — has now become a carbon source. That study is in the journal Nature Climate Change.
How brains and AI systems process moving images Science Sessions are brief conversations with cutting-edge researchers, National Academy members, and policymakers as they discuss topics relevant to today's scientific community. Learn the behind-the-scenes story of work published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), plus a broad range of scientific news about discoveries that affect the world around us. In this episode, Hollis Cline describes how neuroscience informed development of an artificial intelligence movie recognition system. In this episode, we cover: •[00:00] Introduction •[00:55] Neuroscientist Hollis Cline introduces the background of the study. •[01:49] Cline talks about the current limitations of artificial intelligence movie recognition. •[02:58] She explains why Xenopus tadpoles were used as subjects in this study. •[03:29] Cline talks about the experimental setup and procedure. •[05:53] She explains the results of tadpole neurological monitoring. •[06:32] Cline adds findings about neural plasticity and learning. •[07:53] She describes how the findings led to an artificial intelligence system and the system's capabilities. •[09:53] Caveats and limitations of the study. •[10:22] Conclusion. About Our Guests: Hollis Cline Professor Scripps Research Institute View related content here: https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2412260121 Follow us on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts for more captivating discussions on scientific breakthroughs! Visit Science Sessions on PNAS.org: https://www.pnas.org/about/science-sessions-podcast Follow PNAS: Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn YouTube Sign up the Highlights newsletter
Reintroducing Hawaii's sacred crow to the wildThe world's most endangered crow, the Hawaiian crow or or ʻalalā, is making tentative steps towards a comeback. After going extinct in the wild, only 120 birds remain in captivity, in two facilities operated by the San Diego Zoo. Over the years, researchers have attempted reintroductions in the bird's native habitat on the Big Island of Hawaii, but those efforts have all been unsuccessful. Recently, the team tried something different - reintroducing the birds to a different island than their native home. The initial release happened in October and so far, the team, including Bryce Masuda, has high hopes and positive signs from their latest attempt.Lasers tell us about the pterosaur's unique tailThe great flying reptiles of the dawn of the age of dinosaurs, the pterosaurs, took flight with delicate but flexible internal tail structure that allowed it to work like a kite. Scientists used recently developed technology to enable them to see a lattice-like structure in the soft tissue in the early pterosaur soft tissue that was otherwise invisible to the naked eye. Natalia Jagielska, a paleontologist at the Lyme Regis Museum in Dorset, England, said their kite-like tail vane would have stood upright and could have functioned as a display and to help them in flight. The study was published in the eLife journal, Evolutionary Biology. How gophers help re-seed volcanic landscape with lifeAfter Mt. St. Helens exploded in 1980 it left a shattered, ash-covered, barren landscape behind. But the one-time reintroduction of gophers to one area led to a remarkably fast recovery of plants and other fauna. Forty-years later, changes to the environment are still being documented by Dr. Mia Maltz, assistant professor of Microbial Ecology and Soil Earth at the University of Connecticut, and her team. They published their research in the journal Frontiers in Microbiomes.Desert ants' magnetic navigationDesert ants that navigate the endless sands of the Sahara use the Earth's magnetic field to find their way, which is not unusual. But unlike other animals like birds and turtles they don't appear to have an internal compass that aligns north and south. Instead they are unique in that they use a more subtle cue – the polarity of the magnetic field. A study looking at this led by Dr. Pauline Fleischmann, a post-doctoral researcher at the University of Oldenburg in Germany was published in the journal Current Biology. Celestial body mysteries: dark comets and meteorites from young asteroid families The thousands of small celestial bodies in our solar system are now a bit less mysterious, thanks to several recent discoveries. One group of astronomers have traced back the origins of 84 per cent of all known meteorites that have pummeled Earth to just a few young asteroid families in the asteroid belt. Michaël Marsset, from the European Southern Observatory in Chile, said collisions in the asteroid belt create a collisional cascade that produces fragments, some of which end up raining down on Earth as meteorites. Two of their papers were published in the journal Nature and a third in Astronomy & Astrophysics. Another group of astronomers have identified two populations of stealthy dark comets that are something in between a comet and an asteroid. They've found fourteen of these objects whose orbital motion is comet-like, but which lack a visible tail like regular comets. Davide Farnocchia, a navigation engineer at NASA's Jet Propulsion Lab, said they've found two types of these unusual solar system bodies: larger ones in an elliptical orbit out to Jupiter and smaller ones in orbit around Earth. Their study was published in the journal PNAS.
durée : 00:05:20 - Avec sciences - par : Alexandre Morales - Des chercheurs français ont testé la résilience des fourmis face à la perte de la vue. Leurs travaux ont été publiés dans la revue PNAS.
Was Rome's fall due to heavy metal poisoning making Romans dumber?Ice cores that preserve traces of atmospheric pollutants through history have revealed that industrial activity by Romans – particularly the use and production of lead – meant the air the Romans breathed was heavily contaminated. The levels were high enough to cause neurological problems, including a drop in cognitive function across the population. Joe McConnell and his team at the Desert Research Institute published their findings in the journal PNAS.Bats are surfing storms to make migration easierMigrating bats in Europe have to fly up to 2000km while pregnant, but they've figured out how to get a lift from the weather. The bats have been observed waiting for storm fronts, and then surfing the strong winds in front of the storm to save energy during their migration. Dina Dechmann from the Max Planck Institute of Animal Behaviour, and colleagues, were able to tag bats with tiny specialized sensors to track their nocturnal movements during migration. Their paper was published in the journal Science.Squirrels have developed a taste for vole fleshSquirrels in California have been taking advantage of a boom in the population of tiny rodents called voles – by hunting and eating them. This widespread carnivorous behaviour was captured for the first time on videos and photos by a team led by behavioural ecologist Jennifer Smith, as a part of a long-term study of the squirrels. The researchers found dozens of instances of the squirrels killing the voles, which they say changes our fundamental understanding of ground squirrels. Their paper was published in the Journal of Ethology.EEG tattoos could outperform standard electrodes EEG is a valuable technology that allows researchers to monitor the electrical activity of the brain, but standard EEG electrodes are cumbersome and are hampered by the difficulty of attaching them. A new temporary EEG tattoo, made by printing conductive ink on the scalp, could be a step ahead. Luize Vasconcelos, a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Texas at Austin helped create this ink. The research is published in the Cell Press journal Cell Biomaterials.To monitor cat brain waves, researchers made them cute hatsAude Castel, a veterinary neurologist from the Université de Montréal, and her team were studying chronic pain in cats — and ways to alleviate it — when she realized that she could crochet hats for the cats and add EEG electrodes to them in order to study their brains. Their research was published in the Journal of Neuroscience Methods. When North America went to the dogs (or vice-versa)Researchers examining canid bones from Alaska dating to the last ice age have been intrigued by the complex picture it shows of dog domestication at the time. Their findings were published in the journal Science Advances. Signs of the animals' diet are preserved in the bones, and shows that humans were clearly feeding their dogs, a clear sign of domestication. François Lanoë from the University of Arizona led the work.
LIMITED SEATS! JOIN THE MASTERCLASS: https://muzamilhasan.com/courses Guest Introduction: Joining us today is Sultan Mehmood, an Assistant Professor of Economics at the prestigious New Economic School in Moscow. His research journey has taken him across continents, from his PhD studies in France to academic pursuits in the Netherlands and Pakistan. Professor Mehmood brings a unique perspective to the field of economics, focusing on the fascinating interplay between law, political economy, and revolutions, and how these forces shape societal transformation. His impressive work has been featured in top-tier journals like PNAS, the American Economic Journals, and even Nature. Do not forget to subscribe and press the bell icon to catch on to some amazing conversations coming your way! #thoughtbehindthings #muzamilhasan #sultanmehmood #pakistanjudiciary Socials: TBT's Official Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thoughtbehindthings Muzamil's Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/muzamilhasan Muzamil's LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/muzamilhasan Sultan's Twitter: https://x.com/mrsultan713
© 2020-2025 Ivy Podcast Discovery LLC
