The History of Cologne

From early morning mists on the Rhine to fish markets, merchant quarrels, and the echo of church bells, this episode immerses you in the sounds, sights, and stories of a single day in the city's economic center. Learn how trade, guilds, and the legendary Staple Law shaped Cologne's rise to power—and follow merchant Jakob's anxious wait for his long-overdue ship. A vivid journey through the rhythms of everyday life in medieval Europe

In 1259, Archbishop Konrad von Hochstaden seized power in Cologne, overthrowing the city's patrician families and imprisoning several in Are Castle. After Konrad's death in 1261, the patricians hoped his successor, Engelbert II von Falkenburg, would restore their rights. However, despite early promises, Engelbert betrayed them, maintaining the city's control for himself. When relatives tried to free the prisoners, they were themselves captured. Eventually, the prisoners escaped and, with help from the citizens, negotiated their return. But Engelbert demanded high payments and further tightened his grip. Tensions erupted on 8 June 1262 when Cologne's citizens, alongside the patricians, rose up violently...

In the 13th century, they were far more than just places of prayer: The convents of St Ursula, St Cäcilien and St Mary in the Capitol played a decisive role in shaping the spiritual, economic and cultural life of medieval Cologne. In this episode, we take a look at the lives of the aristocratic canonesses, their influence on education, land ownership and urban development - and why these women's convents can be seen as centres of female power in a male-dominated world.

A medieval document, not written on parchment, but carved in stone, still stands in Cologne Cathedral today. It granted rights—but also exposed a dangerous reality for the city's Jewish population.

In 1259, Cologne stood at a crossroads of power and trade. Amid deep political unrest and shifting alliances, a crucial privilege—the Staple Right—was granted, setting the stage for the city's rise as a dominant economic force. But this wasn't just about commerce; it was a high-stakes battle between the ruling archbishop, wealthy patricians, and the city's discontented citizens. How did this privilege shape Cologne's destiny for centuries to come?

In 1257, the city of Cologne becomes the stage for a dramatic clash between its powerful Erzbischof, Konrad von Hochstaden, and the influential Cologne Kleingedank family. What begins as a calculated act of revenge soon spirals into a citywide conflict, testing the fragile balance of power between the city ruler, the archbishop, and the citizens of Cologne.

Imagine a time when the empire was rudderless, the throne of the Holy Roman Empire empty, and the scramble for power rippled across every corner of the land. Princes, bishops, and nobles seized the moment to expand their influence, but in this chaos, an unexpected force began to rise—cities. And at the heart of this urban revolution was the year 1254, when towns along the Rhine defied the odds to form an unprecedented alliance. Welcome to the story of the Rhenish League of Cities.

In 1252 the citizens of Cologne are fighting each other against their city lord, the Archbishop, again. This time even with warships and trebuchets firing at the city! The topic of the dispute? Money! But not a certain amount, but money in general. The currency of Cologne, the Cologne Penny, a key currency in northwestern Europe is in danger!

Behind the construction of Cologne Cathedral lies a story of medieval ingenuity, hard labor, and decades ,later centuries, of dedication. Learn more about the methods, the workers, and the challenges that shaped one of Europe's greatest Gothic structures.

In this episode, we take a look at the life and legacy of Albertus Magnus, the renowned medieval scholar who shaped Cologne's intellectual history. Learn how he blended faith with reason, contributed to natural science, and became part of the legend surrounding the construction of Cologne Cathedral. Was Albertus really behind the city's most iconic structure? Join us as we uncover the man, the myth, and his enduring influence.

In this episode, we dive into the captivating legend of Master Gerhard, the first master builder of Cologne Cathedral in the 13th century. Discover how Gerhard's ambition led him to a dangerous pact with the devil, the clever trick that saved his soul, and the enduring mystery surrounding his life and work.

It was a dramatic end of Cologne's Old Cathedral in 1248. Discover how a catastrophic fire brought down this medieval masterpiece of a building, clearing the way for the iconic Gothic structure that would redefine the city's skyline up until today.

In this episode, we explore the dramatic capture and imprisonment of Archbishop Konrad von Hochstaden by the Count of Jülich in 1242. Discover how one of Cologne's most powerful medieval figures navigated treacherous political waters, outmaneuvered his enemies, and secured his release, all while shaping the future of the Rhineland and Cologne

Explore the grand welcome of Princess Isabella of England in Cologne on May 24, 1235, as the city celebrated her arrival with festivities, jousting, and a display of its diverse social classes.

Explore the political turmoil of 13th century Cologne as powerful patrician families, like the Weise von der Mühlengasse, clash with the archbishopric. Discover the conflicts, accusations, and street battles that shaped the city's future and altered the balance of power among its elite.

We explore the history of the Neumarkt Square. Meaning "New Market" in English, the square is not that new anymore. Founded in 1076 it has seen a lot since then.

In this episode we dive into the first dynasty of Berg (1060-1225) and how they shaped Cologne's history.

From wielding both spiritual and secular authority to navigating treacherous political landscapes, Engelbert's story is one of ambition, intrigue, and enduring fascination. Join us as we unravel the captivating saga of this enigmatic historical figure.

An episode about relics, trade, politics and guilds

A young boy in Cologne preaches that he wants to retake Jerusalem. But not with force but with only singing and praying.

The German Throne Dispute at the beginning of the 13th century continues and Cologne is right in the middle of it.

Young Hermann Josef is a poor boy at the end of the 12th century. But his life changes when he offers an apple to a statue of St. Mary.

Henry VI died far too young in 1197. Who will become the next emperor? His three year old son? But Cologne has other plans.

Emperor Frederick I, also known as Barbarossa, was not always the best friend of Cologne. Nonetheless he was very important for Cologne's development in the Middle Ages. Learn more about it in this episode.

An absentee lord prompted the citizens of Cologne to expand the city in 1179. They did so by doubling the size of the city with the largest medieval city wall in Europe at the time. Unfortunately, the mayor had not been asked for permission. Find out how that turned out in this episode.

From 1169 to 1178 Flemish cities in what is today Belgium were in a dispute with the city of Cologne about trade and the use of the Rhine River. At first, Cologne seems to lose this economic dispute but then they get help from the English king Henry II.

Join me as we delve into the intricate craftsmanship and profound significance of medieval shrines. Discover the artistry, devotion, and cultural impact of these sacred treasures that once graced the city. And in many cases even today. And why, even if you are non-religious, it is important to talk about them.

An important chapter in Cologne's history is decided in faraway Milan. Rebellious Milan is sacked by imperial troops in 1162. However, the leader of the army, Rainald von Dassel, does not have gold or silver in mind when he subsequently plunders the city, but only a few bones!

Join us on an extraordinary journey back in time as we delve into the fascinating world of Romanesque architecture and the construction of magnificent churches in medieval Cologne. In this episode we reveal the secrets of Cologne's Romanesque Century, a period from 1150 to 1250 when the city witnessed the rise of awe-inspiring buildings. Discover the remarkable craftsmanship, engineering ingenuity and spiritual devotion that went into creating these architectural wonders. Whether you're an architecture enthusiast, a history buff or simply curious about the Middle Ages, this episode will transport you to a bygone era and leave you inspired by the enduring beauty of Romanesque Cologne.

Step back in time and delve into the vibrant tapestry of everyday life in 12th century Cologne. In this captivating episode, we'll whisk you away from the halls of power, bypassing bishops, kings, and emperors, to shine a light on the lives of ordinary Cologne citizens. Discover the intriguing origins of Cologne's beloved Penny, a miniature precursor to the Euro, and unravel the captivating tale of the wealthiest resident of Cologne during the era. But it doesn't stop there - prepare for a touch of whimsy as we unveil the quirky and comical bynames adopted by the city's rich elite. Get ready to immerse yourself in a rich blend of history, humor, and intrigue as we paint a vivid portrait of Cologne's vibrant society in the 12th century.

In this episode, we immerse ourselves in 12th century medieval Cologne and explore the fascinating life of the Jewish community that existed in the midst of a predominantly Christian majority society. We learn about the everyday hostilities the Jewish population faced, but also about phases of cooperation and joint action.

A look into how wealthy citizens of different classes also became rulers that could challenge the city lord. This episode tells the story of how the Cologne "Richerzeche" (brotherhood of the Rich) transformed from a group of merchants, unfree ministerials and court magistrates into a powerful clique who shaped the politics of medieval Cologne for centuries.

In 1128, a devastating fire broke out in the town of Deutz, which lies on the other side of the Rhine from Cologne, reducing the town to rubble. But what was the reason for this devastating fire?

In this episode, we delve into 12th century Cologne and take a look at the various institutions that administered and governed the city during this time. We start with the offices and institutions of the archbishop, who thus exercises his role as the supreme ruler of the city. But we also look at the development of the parish system and the resulting civic decentralised administrative structure of the special municipalities. Whoever previously thought that the Middle Ages were a time of anarchy and disorder should listen to this episode and be surprised!

In 1119, the Archbishop of Cologne, Frederick I of Schwarzenburg, imposed an interdict on the city of Cologne and its inhabitants. This ecclesiastical punishment was intended to punish the citizens of Cologne for their disobedience to the archbishop and their involvement in political conflicts. The interdict had serious repercussions on religious life in the city: church services were forbidden, sacraments and funerals were no longer allowed to take place, and even the bells of the churches remained silent. Why did this happen? Find out in this episode.

Experience a time travel through 200 years of Cologne Carnival! From its beginnings to the present day, we will explore the history of Cologne's famous cheerfulness, celebrate its traditions and customs, and understand why Carnival in Cologne is also always a reflection of its time.

Step back in time and join us on a journey through the bustling streets of medieval Cologne. In this episode of our podcast, we transport you to the year 1100 AD, where you'll experience the sights, sounds, and stories of one of Europe's most vibrant cities. From the towering cathedral to the bustling marketplaces, you'll discover the rich history and culture of this ancient city. Come along as we explore the hidden gems and hidden secrets of medieval Cologne, and discover why it was a center of trade, culture, and innovation.

The year 1106 is an important milestone in the history of Cologne. The people of Cologne skilfully exploit the dynastic conflict of the empire between father and son, thus circumventing the will of their own archbishop/city ruler, maintain legal equality within the city, are allowed to expand their city through new fortifications and put a huge royal army to flight.

We will talk this episode about a small but significant minority in medieval Cologne of the late 11th/ early 12th century. The Jewish community of Cologne.

This episode I would like to take a more general look at this turbulent time, the second half of the 11th century. Which developments shaped this time, medieval Germany and to what extent they affected Anno and also the city of Cologne.  But all that would be far too complex for me.  So I'm glad that Dirk from the "History of the Germans" podcast was kind enough to stop by for this episode.  In our little chat we start off by talking about our motivation why we started our podcasts and then go straight into the action, the 2nd half of the 11th century.

The Archbishop of Cologne Anno II (1056-1075) was chased out of the city by an angry mob after incurring the wrath of the merchant class. In neighboring Neuss, the prince of the church and the empire ponders revenge and gathers a large army to return to Cologne.

In 1074, the people of Cologne rose up in revolt against the city's ruler and archbishop, Anno II. What happened in these April days in the city has written city history that you should not miss.

Why did Anno II gouge out the eyes of all his jurymen in Cologne, according to legend? In the second half of the 11th century, Anno II ruled over the city of Cologne. With a lively building activity in the city, he is immortalized in the cityscape to this day. Also art, culture and trade prospered under his rule. And the veneration of St. George gave Anno unprecedented greatness here on the Rhine.

A man from the lower nobility of southern Germany becomes Archbishop of Cologne, crushes the power of the Ezzones in the Rhineland and kidnaps the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire: Anno II. is a man that is truly not forgotten in Cologne to this day.

The noble family of the Ezzones was at the height of power in the 11th century. The namesake and Count Palatine of Lorraine named Ezzo had already attained an almost ducal position on the Rhine around the year 1000. How had he managed this? It was, as so often in life, the circumstance of having the right connections and the right nose. Ezzo had successfully married into the then still existing Ottonian imperial dynasty. He then used his proximity to the ruling family to successively expand his power in all parts of the Rhineland.

It's vacation time, hopefully for you too or that you get some time to rest. Have you ever asked yourself why some perfume is called Cologne in the English language? Well, you don't have to wait anymore. Just take a listen.

Cologne in the 11th century: We look around a bit in the area of Cologne Cathedral, where the Archbishop's palace is located, the monastery monastery and on the square itself, where court hearings took place.

Heribert is also one of the most important medieval archbishops in the history of Cologne and here you can find out why this 11th century imperial prince is so significant for Cologne's development

Cologne in the Year 1000 AD. This year was a year like many others. But let's take advantage of the beginning of the new millennium to discover the city on foot again.

How did the young Byzantine princess Theophanu become the richest woman in Europe at only 12 years old at the end of the 10th century? And how did she become the most powerful woman in Europe at the age of 24, with far-reaching effects on European history? In this episode, we will look at her breathtaking life and, of course, at the end, what all this actually has to do with Cologne itself.