Podcasts about Albertus Magnus

In dieser Folge werfen wir einen Blick auf das Leben und Vermächtnis von Albertus Magnus, dem berühmten mittelalterlichen Gelehrten, der die intellektuelle Geschichte Kölns prägte. Erfahre, wie er Glauben mit Vernunft verband, zur Naturwissenschaft beitrug und Teil der Legende um den Bau des Kölner Doms wurde. War Albertus wirklich hinter dem bekanntesten Bauwerk der Stadt?

Wusstet ihr, dass die Universität zu Köln seit 2021 eine Fahrradtiefgarage hat? Falls nicht, keine Sorge, damit seid ihr nicht alleine. Frührausch Reporter Hendrik stellt euch die eher unbekannte Fahrradgarage vor.

On Friday and Saturday January 4th and 5th, 2025 the 7th Annual Slam Dunk Showcase & Crusader Classic took place at the Westchester County Center in White Plains. An event that features plenty of high school basketball action. There was Tuckahoe vs. Pleasantville; White Plains vs. New Rochelle; Woodlands vs. Peekskill; Ardsley vs. Ossining; Ursuline vs Walter Panas; Christ the King vs. Albertus Magnus; Rye vs. Mamaroneck; and Scarsdale vs. Byram Hills. But the highlight of the weekend was Saturday night, when Iona Prep took stepped onto the court against rivals Stepinac. Westchester Talk Radio was there before tip off, and spoke to a few people, like fan Nic.

On Friday and Saturday January 4th and 5th, 2025 the 7th Annual Slam Dunk Showcase & Crusader Classic took place at the Westchester County Center in White Plains. An event that features plenty of high school basketball action. There was Tuckahoe vs. Pleasantville; White Plains vs. New Rochelle; Woodlands vs. Peekskill; Ardsley vs. Ossining; Ursuline vs Walter Panas; Christ the King vs. Albertus Magnus; Rye vs. Mamaroneck; and Scarsdale vs. Byram Hills. But the highlight of the weekend was Saturday night, when Iona Prep took stepped onto the court against rivals Stepinac. Westchester Talk Radio was there before tip off, and spoke to a few people, like Kyle Peterson of Westchester County Parks.

On Friday and Saturday January 4th and 5th, 2025 the 7th Annual Slam Dunk Showcase & Crusader Classic took place at the Westchester County Center in White Plains. An event that features plenty of high school basketball action. There was Tuckahoe vs. Pleasantville; White Plains vs. New Rochelle; Woodlands vs. Peekskill; Ardsley vs. Ossining; Ursuline vs Walter Panas; Christ the King vs. Albertus Magnus; Rye vs. Mamaroneck; and Scarsdale vs. Byram Hills. But the highlight of the weekend was Saturday night, when Iona Prep took stepped onto the court against rivals Stepinac. Westchester Talk Radio was there before tip off, and spoke to a few people, like James Feehan of Westchester County Parks.

Ahead of the #TampaCollegeInvitational, Kyle Wallack joins The Dan K Show to talk all things Falcons --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/dks-hockey/support

It's one election after another. The same day that the US voted orange, Germany decided on a snap election after the current coalition fell apart. Let's hope people over here are better informed than the American voters. In TWISH we hear about ‘Doctor Universalis' Albertus Magnus whose scientific mindset in the 13th century helped Europe begin its long and winding road out of the dark ages. Then we explore the news:ONLINE: ‘Akusoli' is a typical example of woowoo products that are aggressively marketed onlineUK: Assisted dying bill's ‘strict' safeguards to include long jail terms for coercionSWEDEN: Warning regarding fake medicine onlineGERMANY: Who trusts science and who doesn't?UK: The Archbishop of Canterbury resigns over Church abuse scandalThe Really Wrong Award is split between oil producer Shell and a Dutch court of appeals that overturned Shell's requirement to reduce their emission goals.Enjoy!https://theesp.eu/podcast_archive/theesp-ep-453.htmlSegments:0:00:27 Intro0:00:53 Greetings0:04:54 TWISH0:12:16 News0:36:35 Really Wrong0:40:13 Quote0:42:08 Outro0:43:23 Outtakes Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This week, Dr. Marc Camille talks to us about his career path and approach to development as a college president. He sees himself as a chief storyteller and talks to us about ways he has built a strong culture of philanthropy while planning the Centennial Celebration of Albertus Magnus College!   Dr. Marc M. Camille took office as the 14th President of Albertus Magnus College in June 2017. His career includes more than two decades of senior administrative experience at Catholic colleges. His leadership is inspired by Albertus Magnus' distinctive, values-based Dominican mission and the College's legacy of prioritizing education opportunity for those who might not otherwise have access. Prior to joining Albertus Magnus, Dr. Camille earned a national reputation for strategic enrollment management and marketing expertise and thought-leadership. Dr. Camille's presidency has seen Albertus Magnus launch an ambitious growth plan, deepen engagement within the greater New Haven area, and adopt a bold new strategic plan, Albertus 2025: Lighting the Way to a Second Century, setting the stage for the College's Centennial Celebration in 2025. Dr. Camille's leadership has prioritized deepened commitments to diversity, equity, and inclusion, and in 2023, Albertus achieved federal designation status as an Hispanic Serving Institution. A comprehensive fundraising campaign is underway to coincide with the College's 2025 Centennial. Dr. Camille earned his Bachelor's degree in English at Rollins College, his Master's degree at the University of Miami, and his Doctorate in Higher Education Management at the University of Pennsylvania. --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/devdebrief/support

Staffel 8, Folge 12 - Heute geht es mal wieder um Zeitreisen... denn ein mysteriöser Mann aus der Vergangenheit taucht plötzlich im Motel-Zimmer der Winchesters auf! Wir sprechen über den Weltuntergang am 21. Dezember 2012, die ersten richtigen Computer und Albertus Magnus. Es gibt neue Zaubertricks, eine neue Geheimorganisation und einen neuen Dämonen-Boss. Also schnallt euch an, es wird spannend! Unser Discord-Server: https://discord.gg/4Defzq8ETh Unsere Spotify-Playlist: https://open.spotify.com/playlist/7sklx9OZGBGCJeYBLyReBP?si=e76fK0VcTCutDZsgL6Q5gg Unser Instagram Account: https://www.instagram.com/winchestersurprise.podcast

This week, Diana and Liz delve into Season 9, Episode 16, "Blade Runners," which has nothing to do with Blade Runner, just old Donkey Teeth. Liz talks about the medieval Albertus Magnus and how to make astrological talismans. Research LinksAlbertus Magnus-Astrology and Magic

In this episode, we take a look at the life and legacy of Albertus Magnus, the renowned medieval scholar who shaped Cologne's intellectual history. Learn how he blended faith with reason, contributed to natural science, and became part of the legend surrounding the construction of Cologne Cathedral. Was Albertus really behind the city's most iconic structure? Join us as we uncover the man, the myth, and his enduring influence.

Arsenic compounds have been known since ancient times, with the word "arsenic" originating from the Greek word arsenikon, meaning "yellow orpiment". The element itself was possibly first observed in the 13th century by Albertus Magnus, who noted a metal-like substance when heating the mineral arsenicum. In the 17th-19th centuries, arsenic was frequently used for murder due to the lack of specific symptoms and the difficulty in detecting it. It became known as the "poison of kings" and the "king of poisons". Arsenic was also used in the Victorian era by women to improve their complexion, leading to accidental poisonings. Arsenic compounds began to be used in agriculture as insecticides, herbicides and wood preservatives in the late 19th century. In 1900, Paul Ehrlich developed the first effective arsenic-based drug, Salvarsan, to treat syphilis. Arsenic was also used as a war gas called Lewisite during WWII, leading to the development of the antidote British Anti-Lewisite (BAL). Today, arsenic is still used in some pesticides and wood preservatives, but its use has declined due to toxicity concerns. The element itself is produced by heating arsenopyrite ore in the absence of air. While arsenic has a long history of use, its toxicity has also made it notorious as a deadly poison throughout the centuries. --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/juliusmanuel/message

Der Heilige Thomas von Aquin gilt als einer der bedeutendsten Gelehrten der Kirchengeschichte. Im 13. Jahrhundert studiert er vier Jahre lang bei Albertus Magnus in Köln. Die Stadt prägt den jungen Dominikaner - und seine Schriften. Von Kirsten Serup-Bilfeldt.

Santo Tomás de Aquino, fue un sacerdote dominicano italiano de la Iglesia Católica Romana, y un filósofo y teólogo inmensamente influyente en la tradición de la escolástica. Además tuvo un profundo efecto en las cacerías de brujas de la Inquisición. Su filosofía revolucionaria fue citada por demonólogos e inquisidores durante siglos como base para sus persecuciones. Nacido en el castillo de su familia cerca de Roccasecca, Italia, Aquino fue educado por los benedictinos en el monte Cassino. Estudió artes liberales en la Universidad de Nápoles y luego ingresó a la orden dominicana. Fue enviado a París y Colonia para entrenarse. En Colonia conoció al famoso alquimista Albertus Magnus y se convirtió en su alumno en 1244, adquiriendo una gran cantidad de conocimientos sobre alquimia. Se dice que realizó hazañas mágicas, pero estas son leyendas.. Opinemos de la noticia…

Albertus Magnus, obispo de Ratisbon, se interesó por la alquimia y se le atribuyen algunos logros extraordinarios, incluida la invención de la pistola y el cañón. Albertus Magnus nació bajo el nombre de Albert de Groot, Graf von Bollstädt, en Larvingen, en el Danubio, hacia 1193; era erudito, teólogo y científico dominico con interés en la alquimia En años posteriores, tomó el apellido “Magnus” (“el Grande”), que es el equivalente latino de su apellido de Groot. Se pensaba que Alberto era bastante corto de mente de niño. Capaz, al parecer, de comprender solo los ideales religiosos básicos, en lugar de cualquier tipo de estudio complejo. Entonces, una noche, el niño afirmó haber recibido una visita de la Santísima Virgen, y su coeficiente de inteligencia se disparó a partir de entonces. Sintiéndose obligado a dedicar su vida al clero cuando terminó sus estudios. Albertus hizo tan bien en la profesión clerical que fue nombrado obispo de Ratisbona. Ingresó a la orden de los dominicos en 1223, avanzando hasta que fue nombrado obispo de Ratisbona en 1260, pero renunció en 1262 para enseñar. Pensemos sobre la reseña…

We discuss the language and history of the ecological sciences, all the way back to the ancient Greeks, and the development of the food chain and food web models of ecological systems. And apologies for the unscheduled hiatus! Golden Chain CocktailFood Web videoCuckold video and podcast Frank N. Egerton. “A History of the Ecological Sciences: Early Greek Origins”, Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 82.1 (2001): 93-97 ———, “A History of the Ecological Sciences, Part 2: Aristotle and Theophrastos”, BESA 82.2 (2001): 149-152 ———, “A History of the Ecological Sciences, Part 3: Hellenistic Natural History”, BESA 82.3 (2001): 201-205 ———, “A History of the Ecological Sciences, Part 4: Roman Natural History”, BESA 82.4 (2001): 243-246 ———, “A History of the Ecological Sciences, Part 5: Byzantine Natural History”, BESA 83.1 (2002): 89-94 ———, “A History of the Ecological Sciences, Part 6: Arabic Language Science—Origins and Zoological Writings”, BESA 83.2 (2002): 142-146 ———, “A History of the Ecological Sciences, Part 7: Arabic Language Science—Botany, Geography, and Decline”, BESA 83.4 (2002): 261-266 ———, “A History of the Ecological Sciences, Part 8: Frederick II of Hohenstaufen: Amateur Avian Ecologist and Behaviorist”, BESA 84.1 (2003): 40-44 ———, “A History of the Ecological Sciences, Part 9: Albertus Magnus: a Scholastic Naturalist”, BESA 84.2 (2003): 87-91Transcript of this episodeThis episode on YouTubeOur Patreon pageRedbubble storeThis podcast is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International LicenseThe Endless Knot RSS

This is a special encore episode of my popular Christian History series while I take a Sabbatical.This episode covers the rest of the outstanding Christian Thinkers of the 13th Century. We will cover the Fourth Lateran Council, Bonaventure, John Duns, Scotus, and Albert MagnusI used the following sources:"In the Year of our Lord" by SInclair Fergusonhttps://www.amazon.com/Year-Our-Lord-Reflections-Centuries-ebook/dp/B07GTDRSX3/ref=sr_1_2_sspa?keywords=Sinclair+ferguson+AD&qid=1579476273&sr=8-2-spons&psc=1&spLa=ZW5jcnlwdGVkUXVhbGlmaWVyPUEyWjJZNlNPT1U2TENBJmVuY3J5cHRlZElkPUEwMTA1NDUyV1RDRUZEVEpaV1VTJmVuY3J5cHRlZEFkSWQ9QTA0ODI4NjkyVDJHSUhZMjVXQTZGJndpZGdldE5hbWU9c3BfbXRmJmFjdGlvbj1jbGlja1JlZGlyZWN0JmRvTm90TG9nQ2xpY2s9dHJ1ZQ=="A Concise History of Christian Thought" by Tony Lanehttps://www.amazon.com/Concise-History-Christian-Thought/dp/0801031591/ref=sr_1_fkmr2_1?keywords=Christian+Thinkers+Tony+Lane&qid=1579476358&sr=8-1-fkmr2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albertus_Magnus

People in stressful jobs often don't get the mental health help they need. James Scott, assistant professor in the department of criminal justice at Albertus Magnus College, examines one example. Dr. James Scott began his law enforcement career with a stint as a New York City (NYC) Correction Officer. Subsequently, transitioning to the Connecticut State […]

Kontemplation Und Mystische Einheit Mit Gott Nach Albertus Magnus | Bernhard Blankenhorn. by Angelicum Thomistic Institute

Guest Host Marcus Peter and Douglas Kries celebrate the Feast of Albertus Magnus by examining the Two Wings of Faith and Reason. Matthew Bunson joins us from Baltimore to discuss the US Bishops voting guidance to Catholics.

Guest Host Marcus Peter and Douglas Kries celebrate the Feast of Albertus Magnus by examining the Two Wings of Faith and Reason. Matthew Bunson joins us from Baltimore to discuss the US Bishops voting guidance to Catholics.

We delve into the childhood of our protagonist who, unlike his companion Elizabeth, found passion in probing the undercurrents of the world, a childhood imbued with harmony and the magnetic pull of the grotesquely beautiful Swiss landscape that undoubtedly nourished his intellectual thirst. It was his fascination with unravelling the secrets of nature that set our protagonist on a fervent quest for knowledge, a recurring hunger that intensely revolved around not just our world, but also the inexplicable depths of our souls.Enter the realm where our protagonist forms a deep bond with Henry Clerval, a young boy with a penchant for chivalric tales and adventurous exploits; a friendship cemented on mutual admiration and inspiration, even as it delineates their contrastingly intriguing character traits. Amidst this unfolds the shimmering beauty of Elizabeth, who serves as a beacon of tenderness in our protagonist's fiery pursuit of knowledge. Throughout this chapter, it becomes increasingly evident how passionately he fell into the labyrinth of nature and philosophy, drinking from the wells of Cornelius Agrippa, Paracelsus, and Albertus Magnus. However, a violent storm and the ensuing revelation of electricity's nature acted as a pivot, altering the course of his relationship with natural philosophy.

The NCAA Division III Men's and Women's Tournaments have arrived. 128 teams are ready to tip it up all still with a chance to win one of two national championships. On Thursday's Hoopsville, we profile some of the teams getting the opportunity to play in March. Some might be favorites, others underdogs. All NCAA Tournament participants. We get a preview of some of the great games ahead in the opening weekend of DIII's March Madness. Guests appearing on the Hudl Hoopsville Hotline: - Marwan Elrakabawy, Schreiner men's coach - Scott Bittner, Stockton men's coach - Matt Dempsey, Merchant Marine women's coach - Mitch Oliver, Albertus Magnus men's coach - Judy Blinstrub and Megan Bauman, No. 13 Babson women's coach and senior guard Hoopsville is presented by D3hoops.com and Sport Tours International and airs from the WBCA/NABC Studio.

Mike Cardinal interviews Carli Colavolpe for our second Albertus Magnus episode. She explains what makes the school so great including things like location, programs, job placement and scholarships. She also highlights new opportunities coming to Albertus Magnus such as a nursing Co-Op and a brand new Womens Ice Hockey team. If you have any questions for Carli, you may contact her at Carli.Matrisian@albertus.edu. Thanks for watching!

Curtis Runstedler's book Alchemy and Exemplary Poetry in Middle English Literature (Palgrave Macmillan, 2023) explores the different functions and metaphorical concepts of alchemy in fourteenth- and fifteenth-century Middle English poetry and bridges them together with the exempla tradition in late medieval English literature. Such poetic narratives function as exemplary models which directly address the ambiguity of medieval English alchemical practice. This book examines the foundation of this relationship between alchemical narrative and exemplum in the poetry of Gower and Chaucer in the fourteenth century before exploring its diffusion in lesser-known anonymous poems and recipes in the fifteenth century, namely alchemical dialogues between Morienus and Merlin, Albertus Magnus and the Queen of Elves, and an alchemical version of John Lydgate's poem The Churl and the Bird. It investigates how this exemplarity can be read as inherent to understanding poetic narratives containing alchemy, as well as enabling the reader to reassess the understanding and expectations of science and narrative within medieval English poetry. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

Curtis Runstedler's book Alchemy and Exemplary Poetry in Middle English Literature (Palgrave Macmillan, 2023) explores the different functions and metaphorical concepts of alchemy in fourteenth- and fifteenth-century Middle English poetry and bridges them together with the exempla tradition in late medieval English literature. Such poetic narratives function as exemplary models which directly address the ambiguity of medieval English alchemical practice. This book examines the foundation of this relationship between alchemical narrative and exemplum in the poetry of Gower and Chaucer in the fourteenth century before exploring its diffusion in lesser-known anonymous poems and recipes in the fifteenth century, namely alchemical dialogues between Morienus and Merlin, Albertus Magnus and the Queen of Elves, and an alchemical version of John Lydgate's poem The Churl and the Bird. It investigates how this exemplarity can be read as inherent to understanding poetic narratives containing alchemy, as well as enabling the reader to reassess the understanding and expectations of science and narrative within medieval English poetry. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/history

Curtis Runstedler's book Alchemy and Exemplary Poetry in Middle English Literature (Palgrave Macmillan, 2023) explores the different functions and metaphorical concepts of alchemy in fourteenth- and fifteenth-century Middle English poetry and bridges them together with the exempla tradition in late medieval English literature. Such poetic narratives function as exemplary models which directly address the ambiguity of medieval English alchemical practice. This book examines the foundation of this relationship between alchemical narrative and exemplum in the poetry of Gower and Chaucer in the fourteenth century before exploring its diffusion in lesser-known anonymous poems and recipes in the fifteenth century, namely alchemical dialogues between Morienus and Merlin, Albertus Magnus and the Queen of Elves, and an alchemical version of John Lydgate's poem The Churl and the Bird. It investigates how this exemplarity can be read as inherent to understanding poetic narratives containing alchemy, as well as enabling the reader to reassess the understanding and expectations of science and narrative within medieval English poetry. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/literary-studies

Curtis Runstedler's book Alchemy and Exemplary Poetry in Middle English Literature (Palgrave Macmillan, 2023) explores the different functions and metaphorical concepts of alchemy in fourteenth- and fifteenth-century Middle English poetry and bridges them together with the exempla tradition in late medieval English literature. Such poetic narratives function as exemplary models which directly address the ambiguity of medieval English alchemical practice. This book examines the foundation of this relationship between alchemical narrative and exemplum in the poetry of Gower and Chaucer in the fourteenth century before exploring its diffusion in lesser-known anonymous poems and recipes in the fifteenth century, namely alchemical dialogues between Morienus and Merlin, Albertus Magnus and the Queen of Elves, and an alchemical version of John Lydgate's poem The Churl and the Bird. It investigates how this exemplarity can be read as inherent to understanding poetic narratives containing alchemy, as well as enabling the reader to reassess the understanding and expectations of science and narrative within medieval English poetry. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Curtis Runstedler's book Alchemy and Exemplary Poetry in Middle English Literature (Palgrave Macmillan, 2023) explores the different functions and metaphorical concepts of alchemy in fourteenth- and fifteenth-century Middle English poetry and bridges them together with the exempla tradition in late medieval English literature. Such poetic narratives function as exemplary models which directly address the ambiguity of medieval English alchemical practice. This book examines the foundation of this relationship between alchemical narrative and exemplum in the poetry of Gower and Chaucer in the fourteenth century before exploring its diffusion in lesser-known anonymous poems and recipes in the fifteenth century, namely alchemical dialogues between Morienus and Merlin, Albertus Magnus and the Queen of Elves, and an alchemical version of John Lydgate's poem The Churl and the Bird. It investigates how this exemplarity can be read as inherent to understanding poetic narratives containing alchemy, as well as enabling the reader to reassess the understanding and expectations of science and narrative within medieval English poetry. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/european-studies

Curtis Runstedler's book Alchemy and Exemplary Poetry in Middle English Literature (Palgrave Macmillan, 2023) explores the different functions and metaphorical concepts of alchemy in fourteenth- and fifteenth-century Middle English poetry and bridges them together with the exempla tradition in late medieval English literature. Such poetic narratives function as exemplary models which directly address the ambiguity of medieval English alchemical practice. This book examines the foundation of this relationship between alchemical narrative and exemplum in the poetry of Gower and Chaucer in the fourteenth century before exploring its diffusion in lesser-known anonymous poems and recipes in the fifteenth century, namely alchemical dialogues between Morienus and Merlin, Albertus Magnus and the Queen of Elves, and an alchemical version of John Lydgate's poem The Churl and the Bird. It investigates how this exemplarity can be read as inherent to understanding poetic narratives containing alchemy, as well as enabling the reader to reassess the understanding and expectations of science and narrative within medieval English poetry. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Curtis Runstedler's book Alchemy and Exemplary Poetry in Middle English Literature (Palgrave Macmillan, 2023) explores the different functions and metaphorical concepts of alchemy in fourteenth- and fifteenth-century Middle English poetry and bridges them together with the exempla tradition in late medieval English literature. Such poetic narratives function as exemplary models which directly address the ambiguity of medieval English alchemical practice. This book examines the foundation of this relationship between alchemical narrative and exemplum in the poetry of Gower and Chaucer in the fourteenth century before exploring its diffusion in lesser-known anonymous poems and recipes in the fifteenth century, namely alchemical dialogues between Morienus and Merlin, Albertus Magnus and the Queen of Elves, and an alchemical version of John Lydgate's poem The Churl and the Bird. It investigates how this exemplarity can be read as inherent to understanding poetic narratives containing alchemy, as well as enabling the reader to reassess the understanding and expectations of science and narrative within medieval English poetry. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/science-technology-and-society

Curtis Runstedler's book Alchemy and Exemplary Poetry in Middle English Literature (Palgrave Macmillan, 2023) explores the different functions and metaphorical concepts of alchemy in fourteenth- and fifteenth-century Middle English poetry and bridges them together with the exempla tradition in late medieval English literature. Such poetic narratives function as exemplary models which directly address the ambiguity of medieval English alchemical practice. This book examines the foundation of this relationship between alchemical narrative and exemplum in the poetry of Gower and Chaucer in the fourteenth century before exploring its diffusion in lesser-known anonymous poems and recipes in the fifteenth century, namely alchemical dialogues between Morienus and Merlin, Albertus Magnus and the Queen of Elves, and an alchemical version of John Lydgate's poem The Churl and the Bird. It investigates how this exemplarity can be read as inherent to understanding poetic narratives containing alchemy, as well as enabling the reader to reassess the understanding and expectations of science and narrative within medieval English poetry. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Curtis Runstedler's book Alchemy and Exemplary Poetry in Middle English Literature (Palgrave Macmillan, 2023) explores the different functions and metaphorical concepts of alchemy in fourteenth- and fifteenth-century Middle English poetry and bridges them together with the exempla tradition in late medieval English literature. Such poetic narratives function as exemplary models which directly address the ambiguity of medieval English alchemical practice. This book examines the foundation of this relationship between alchemical narrative and exemplum in the poetry of Gower and Chaucer in the fourteenth century before exploring its diffusion in lesser-known anonymous poems and recipes in the fifteenth century, namely alchemical dialogues between Morienus and Merlin, Albertus Magnus and the Queen of Elves, and an alchemical version of John Lydgate's poem The Churl and the Bird. It investigates how this exemplarity can be read as inherent to understanding poetic narratives containing alchemy, as well as enabling the reader to reassess the understanding and expectations of science and narrative within medieval English poetry. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/british-studies

Thursday is the 9th Annual Hoopsville Marathon and plans to be on the air for NINE hours! This year's show featured coaches, administrators, student-athletes, and many others around Division III who gave us a sense of the season to date and what is to come. There are also topics that impact Division III including the world of officiating. And we get a "State of DIII" update from the VP of Division III, Louise McCleary. The marathon is also a chance to celebrate the final month of the Division III basketball regular season. It is also a chance to give us as a show to fundraise for the future. Guests include: - Veronica Nolt, No. 24 Elizabethtown women's coach - Ryan Kershaw, Carleton men's coach - Pat Juckem, No. 21 WashU men's coach - Lindsey Atkinson, NFHS Director of Sports - HS Girls Hoops Numbers - J.R. Fredette, Albertus Magnus women's coach - Tim Murray, VSiN Host and Muhlenberg grad - Polly Thomason, UHartford women's coach - Louise McCleary, NCAA VP of DIII, "State of DIII" - Emily Garner, No. 11 Trinity (Conn.) women's coach - Steve Schweer, Illinois College men's coach - Jim Haney & Mary Toberman, NCAA DIII Coordinators for Officiating - WBB Top 25 Double-Take: Scott Peterson and Riley Zayas - Megan Haughey, Stevens women's coach - Fred Roggin, Host, M 570 LA Sports (SCIAC & Future) - Josh Angle. No. 19 Claremont-Mudd-Scripps men's senior guard - Tonja Englund and Jesse Ruden. UW-Eau Claire women's coach and senior guard - Pete Moran, No. 7 John Carroll men's coach - Ryan Cain, No. 6 Keene State men's coach The Marathon always concludes with the "Happy Hour" featuring friends and guests from around Division III. Hoopsville is presented by D3hoops.com and airs from the WBCA/NABC Studio. All guests appear on the Hudl Hoopsville Hotline.

Thursday is the 9th Annual Hoopsville Marathon and plans to be on the air for NINE hours! This year's show featured coaches, administrators, student-athletes, and many others around Division III who gave us a sense of the season to date and what is to come. There are also topics that impact Division III including the world of officiating. And we get a "State of DIII" update from the VP of Division III, Louise McCleary. The marathon is also a chance to celebrate the final month of the Division III basketball regular season. It is also a chance to give us as a show to fundraise for the future. Guests include: - Veronica Nolt, No. 24 Elizabethtown women's coach - Ryan Kershaw, Carleton men's coach - Pat Juckem, No. 21 WashU men's coach - Lindsey Atkinson, NFHS Director of Sports - HS Girls Hoops Numbers - J.R. Fredette, Albertus Magnus women's coach - Tim Murray, VSiN Host and Muhlenberg grad - Polly Thomason, UHartford women's coach - Louise McCleary, NCAA VP of DIII, "State of DIII" - Emily Garner, No. 11 Trinity (Conn.) women's coach - Steve Schweer, Illinois College men's coach - Jim Haney & Mary Toberman, NCAA DIII Coordinators for Officiating - WBB Top 25 Double-Take: Scott Peterson and Riley Zayas - Megan Haughey, Stevens women's coach - Fred Roggin, Host, M 570 LA Sports (SCIAC & Future) - Josh Angle. No. 19 Claremont-Mudd-Scripps men's senior guard - Tonja Englund and Jesse Ruden. UW-Eau Claire women's coach and senior guard - Pete Moran, No. 7 John Carroll men's coach - Ryan Cain, No. 6 Keene State men's coach The Marathon always concludes with the "Happy Hour" featuring friends and guests from around Division III. Hoopsville is presented by D3hoops.com and airs from the WBCA/NABC Studio. All guests appear on the Hudl Hoopsville Hotline.

Thursday is the 9th Annual Hoopsville Marathon and plans to be on the air for NINE hours! This year's show featured coaches, administrators, student-athletes, and many others around Division III who gave us a sense of the season to date and what is to come. There are also topics that impact Division III including the world of officiating. And we get a "State of DIII" update from the VP of Division III, Louise McCleary. The marathon is also a chance to celebrate the final month of the Division III basketball regular season. It is also a chance to give us as a show to fundraise for the future. Guests include: - Veronica Nolt, No. 24 Elizabethtown women's coach - Ryan Kershaw, Carleton men's coach - Pat Juckem, No. 21 WashU men's coach - Lindsey Atkinson, NFHS Director of Sports - HS Girls Hoops Numbers - J.R. Fredette, Albertus Magnus women's coach - Tim Murray, VSiN Host and Muhlenberg grad - Polly Thomason, UHartford women's coach - Louise McCleary, NCAA VP of DIII, "State of DIII" - Emily Garner, No. 11 Trinity (Conn.) women's coach - Steve Schweer, Illinois College men's coach - Jim Haney & Mary Toberman, NCAA DIII Coordinators for Officiating - WBB Top 25 Double-Take: Scott Peterson and Riley Zayas - Megan Haughey, Stevens women's coach - Fred Roggin, Host, M 570 LA Sports (SCIAC & Future) - Josh Angle. No. 19 Claremont-Mudd-Scripps men's senior guard - Tonja Englund and Jesse Ruden. UW-Eau Claire women's coach and senior guard - Pete Moran, No. 7 John Carroll men's coach - Ryan Cain, No. 6 Keene State men's coach The Marathon always concludes with the "Happy Hour" featuring friends and guests from around Division III. Hoopsville is presented by D3hoops.com and airs from the WBCA/NABC Studio. All guests appear on the Hudl Hoopsville Hotline.

Thursday is the 9th Annual Hoopsville Marathon and plans to be on the air for NINE hours! This year's show featured coaches, administrators, student-athletes, and many others around Division III who gave us a sense of the season to date and what is to come. There are also topics that impact Division III including the world of officiating. And we get a "State of DIII" update from the VP of Division III, Louise McCleary. The marathon is also a chance to celebrate the final month of the Division III basketball regular season. It is also a chance to give us as a show to fundraise for the future. Guests include: - Veronica Nolt, No. 24 Elizabethtown women's coach - Ryan Kershaw, Carleton men's coach - Pat Juckem, No. 21 WashU men's coach - Lindsey Atkinson, NFHS Director of Sports - HS Girls Hoops Numbers - J.R. Fredette, Albertus Magnus women's coach - Tim Murray, VSiN Host and Muhlenberg grad - Polly Thomason, UHartford women's coach - Louise McCleary, NCAA VP of DIII, "State of DIII" - Emily Garner, No. 11 Trinity (Conn.) women's coach - Steve Schweer, Illinois College men's coach - Jim Haney & Mary Toberman, NCAA DIII Coordinators for Officiating - WBB Top 25 Double-Take: Scott Peterson and Riley Zayas - Megan Haughey, Stevens women's coach - Fred Roggin, Host, M 570 LA Sports (SCIAC & Future) - Josh Angle. No. 19 Claremont-Mudd-Scripps men's senior guard - Tonja Englund and Jesse Ruden. UW-Eau Claire women's coach and senior guard - Pete Moran, No. 7 John Carroll men's coach - Ryan Cain, No. 6 Keene State men's coach The Marathon always concludes with the "Happy Hour" featuring friends and guests from around Division III. Hoopsville is presented by D3hoops.com and airs from the WBCA/NABC Studio. All guests appear on the Hudl Hoopsville Hotline.

Thursday is the 9th Annual Hoopsville Marathon and plans to be on the air for NINE hours! This year's show featured coaches, administrators, student-athletes, and many others around Division III who gave us a sense of the season to date and what is to come. There are also topics that impact Division III including the world of officiating. And we get a "State of DIII" update from the VP of Division III, Louise McCleary. The marathon is also a chance to celebrate the final month of the Division III basketball regular season. It is also a chance to give us as a show to fundraise for the future. Guests include: - Veronica Nolt, No. 24 Elizabethtown women's coach - Ryan Kershaw, Carleton men's coach - Pat Juckem, No. 21 WashU men's coach - Lindsey Atkinson, NFHS Director of Sports - HS Girls Hoops Numbers - J.R. Fredette, Albertus Magnus women's coach - Tim Murray, VSiN Host and Muhlenberg grad - Polly Thomason, UHartford women's coach - Louise McCleary, NCAA VP of DIII, "State of DIII" - Emily Garner, No. 11 Trinity (Conn.) women's coach - Steve Schweer, Illinois College men's coach - Jim Haney & Mary Toberman, NCAA DIII Coordinators for Officiating - WBB Top 25 Double-Take: Scott Peterson and Riley Zayas - Megan Haughey, Stevens women's coach - Fred Roggin, Host, M 570 LA Sports (SCIAC & Future) - Josh Angle. No. 19 Claremont-Mudd-Scripps men's senior guard - Tonja Englund and Jesse Ruden. UW-Eau Claire women's coach and senior guard - Pete Moran, No. 7 John Carroll men's coach - Ryan Cain, No. 6 Keene State men's coach The Marathon always concludes with the "Happy Hour" featuring friends and guests from around Division III. Hoopsville is presented by D3hoops.com and airs from the WBCA/NABC Studio. All guests appear on the Hudl Hoopsville Hotline.

In deze eerste aflevering van onze gloednieuwe pelgrimstocht steken we opnieuw de landsgrenzen over en gaan richting Duitsland deze keer! In Köln of Keulen gaan we op samen op zoek naar goud, wierook en mirre en ontdekken we de schoonheid van deze prachtige stad met zijn Romeinse geschiedenis en zijn Romaanse kerken! In deze aflevering vertrekken we vanuit het Hauptbahnhof vlak aan de Dom naar de Sankt Andreas Kirche waar de graftombe is van de heilige Albertus Magnus. We celebreren er de Heilige Mis en gaan daarna in gesprek met een jonge Postdoc van de Universiteit van Bonn, Luigi Pinchetti! Onderweg naar de Sankt Gereonkirche worden we geconfronteerd met de Romeinse geschiedenis van de stad en staan we stil bij een stukje van het Romeins aquaduct. Zo gaat het naar de oudste Romaanse kerk van Keulen en de geschiedenis van het Thebaans legioen!

Ref.: Prof. em. Dr. Ulrich Lüke, Münster, Westfalen Egal, ob der November zufällig mal strahlend schön ist oder sich im regnerischen Gewand des Spätherbstes präsentiert - meistens assoziieren wir mit dem November Tod, Dunkelheit, Regen, Kälte und eher trübe Stimmungen. Doch auf dem dreißigarmigen Monatsleuchter des Novembers hat uns die Kirche einige Lichter in Menschengestalt gesteckt, die uns mit ihrem Leben einen warmen Schein aus der himmlischen Heimat ins novembrige Exil bringen. Vier von diesen Lichtgestalten des Novembers stellt Ulrich Lüke in dieser Sendung vor. Es sind der Heilige Karl Borromäus, der Selige Bernhard Lichtenstein, Albertus Magnus und Nils Stensen.

About our GuestsDax Stokes is the host of the award-winning podcast "The Vampire Historian," and a frequent lecturer on the topics of Dracula and vampire folklore. As an academic librarian in the North Texas area, he has organized two symposia on vampire studies featuring scholars from across the United States. His published works on Dracula can be found in IndieJudge Magazine, the Fantastika Journal, Vamped.org, and at thevampirehistorian.com. Melissa Smith-Lauro is a corporate writer and content strategist who taught literature & composition at the university level for eight years. She's the indefatigable mother of four sons who play baseball and attend in-person classes at the Flint Academy in Arlington, TX, and online classes with Miss Esther's Integrated Homeschool Curriculum through the Classical Learning Resource Center. For fun, she works with local creatives to produce collaborative, beautiful, story-driven multimedia children's content. Melissa is a proponent of Charlotte Mason principles, classical education content, and Montessori education methods. She is a gentle parenting enthusiast and an advocate for ADHD and autism awareness, accommodation, and inclusion in classical schools. Show NotesTrae and Adrienne invited Dax and Melissa to discuss the two most famous monsters in gothic fiction literature, Frankenstein and Dracula. The big ideas in these classics help us wrestle with what it means to be a human being through exploring the rich stories of these two monsters. What is a monster, and why should we read these books? Should students in classical schools read them? Join us as we explore these two famous monsters and their authors.Be sure to check out The Vampire Historian podcast with Dax Stokes too! Movies Mentioned Dracula (1992) The Coppola Version- Portrays all forms of Dracula Gothic: Movie with Julian Sands and Shelley Mary Shelley's Frankenstein Count Dracula: BBC 70's version with Louis Jourdan The Search of Dracula: documentary Dracula Dead and Loving It (Mel Brooks and Leslie Nielson) Nofaratu (destroyed from law suit) Young Frankenstein with Gene Wilder (a Mel Brooks film) YouTube on Albertus Magnus, St. Thomas Aquinas and the Robot  Books mentioned 1818 version of Frankenstein 1831 version of Frankenstein Transylvanian Superstitions by Emily Gerard In Search of Dracula: The History of Dracual and vampires  The Icelandic Dracula , 1901 - Powers of Darkness: The Lost Version of Dracula by Bram Stoker Swedish version of Dracula  - not translated into English yet Varney the Vampire (Penny Dreadfuls) The Vampire Book (Now the Vampire Almanac) Dr. John Polidori's The Vampyre (1819) _________________________________________________________Credits:Sound Engineer: Andrew HelselLogo Art: Anastasiya CFMusic: Vivaldi's Concerto for 2 Violins in B flat major, RV529 : Lana Trotovsek, violin Sreten Krstic, violin with Chamber Orchestra of Slovenian PhilharmonicSpecial Music: Toccata and Fugue in D Minor, BWV 561; Public Domain classics sourced from the: https://archive.org/. © 2022 Beautiful Teaching. All Rights Reserved  ★ Support this podcast on Patreon ★

A medieval ruler that has a Muslim fighting force at his back and call and who negotiates Jerusalem out of the hands of the Sultan of Egypt is not what you expected when you began listening to the History of the Germans Podcast. I am afraid you aint seen nuttin yet! This week we come to what was long believed to be his masterpiece, the Constitutions of Melfi. Even if It isn't the creation of a modern state in the 13th century as Kantorowicz had believed there is still something fundamentally different here. The Middle Ages is a world where progress comes from people moving forward whilst looking back. They ask questions about the world and seek the answers in the past, in the Bible, the Church Fathers, Aristotle, Averroes etc. Only where the ancients are silent will great minds like Albertus Magnus look at the real world, undertake experiments and collect observation to derive their answers. Frederick is different. He does turn around and look at the natural world first and at dusty books second. Let's see what that means when it comes to organising his kingdom. As always, this episode has a dedicated website with the transcript and maps, pictures and additional comments to read along. It is to be found here: https://historyofthegermans.com/episode-80-a-different-kind-of-emperor-2/ (Episode 80 - A different kind of Emperor • History of the Germans Podcast) The music for the show is Flute Sonata in E-flat major, H.545 by Carl Phillip Emmanuel Bach (or some claim it as BWV 1031 Johann Sebastian Bach) performed and arranged by https://www.windrep.org/Michel_Rondeau (Michel Rondeau) under https://imslp.org/wiki/Flute_Sonata_in_E-flat_major%2C_H.545_%28Bach%2C_Carl_Philipp_Emanuel%29 (Common Creative Licence 3.0). As always: Homepage with maps, photos, transcripts and blog: http://www.historyofthegermans.com/ (www.historyofthegermans.com) Facebook: @HOTGPod  Twitter: @germanshistory Instagram: history_of_the_germans Reddit: u/historyofthegermans Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/Historyofthegermans (https://www.patreon.com/Historyofthegermans)

Das Mittelalter war ganz anders! Das sagt Bauchautor Axel Ertelt und verweist dabei auf sein gleichnamiges Buch, das 2010, im Ancient mail Verlag erschienen ist. Wir sprechen in dieser Folge also über den geheimnisvollen Albertus Magnus, über den nicht weniger interessanten, Roger Bacon und wir Verweisen auch auf das spannende Kapitel, "UFO Sichtungen im Mittelalter", dass ebenfalls in dem Buch zu finden ist. https://www.amazon.de/Mittelalter-ganz-anders-Beeinflussten-au%C3%9Ferirdische/dp/3935910738/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=3935910738&qid=1665675689&qu=eyJxc2MiOiIxLjI2IiwicXNhIjoiMC4wMCIsInFzcCI6IjAuMDAifQ%3D%3D&sr=8-1 --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/neugierigkontakt/message

A half-hour long rant on the role of morals in the government! What else could you ask for from an episode of Unlimited Opinions? Join us as we continue in the Middle Ages, looking at how Aquinas ingeniously combined the pagan philosophy of Aristotle with the increasingly complex faith of Christianity. We talk about the rise of universities in Europe, the question of how divine law interacts with human law, the virtues of the state, and above all else, how morality fits into the government, and how we believe the government should work to encourage moral behavior.  Follow us on Twitter! @UlmtdOpinions

SpringPath host Mike Cardinal talks with Carli Matrisian, Admissions Counselor, Athletic Liaison and Head Softball Coach for Albertus Magnus. Carli emphasizes her recipe for success, “Get out of your dorm and get involved with your surroundings.” Albertus offers a 50-acre campus in the college town of New Haven, CT where you can walk to the beach, experience the history of New Haven or drive to NYC or Boston. We also cover the investments Albertus Magnus makes in the success of their students to maintain a 97% employed or masters bound graduate statistic which is well above the national average. Reach out to Carli with questions: carli.matrisian@albertus.edu

Sister Ana Gonzalez, a Dominican Sister of Peace, ministers in the Admissions Office of Albertus Magnus College in New Haven, Connecticut. She speaks about the journey and the joy of her vocation journey and all the companions she has encountered along the way – as well as her pilgrimage along the Camino de Santiago de Compostela.   (1:52) When singing competitions go very, very wrong (3:44) Living out loud, with joy (4:56) Reliving the big moment (8:43) A big celebration for Albertus Magnus (10:06) Living in the House of Welcome (12:07) Intergenerational, intercultural, inter-congregational (14:24) An invitation when someone pushes your buttons (18:23) Mom just didn't get it (20:26) A Mom “Come and See” (26:08) Helping the family understand (30:37) Heading out on the Camino (33:31) Why become a pilgrim? (39:09) Sister Ana's Spain goals (40:21) A castanets demonstration (44:33) Travel highlights (48:27) How Santiago came to Compostela (59:47) Sister Ana's favorite experience (1:02:01) An elf, a warlock, and a princess   Links for this podcast: Dominican Sisters of Peace Camino de Santiago Read the transcript here: https://anunslife.org/podcasts/in-good-faith/igf056-ana-gonzalez   Subscribe to our newsletter  https://siste.rs/3isP2CZ Check out lots more podcasts  https://siste.rs/2SfnoyS Let us know your thoughts about the podcast! Please take this short survey—your input helps us shape the future In Good Faith podcasts. Click HERE to take the survey. Thank you!

Do you wonder what really needs to be done in preparation for an ask? I talk with Amanda about the work she has done in the last year plus in her role created and designed to work with all parts of the advancement team. Amanda has had success keeping constituents engaged at all levels. She compares her work to setting the table before a meal. Amanda Pulawski is Director of Constituent Engagement at The Taft School, an independent boarding school in Watertown, Connecticut. Prior to her current role at Taft, she was a member of the Annual Fund team and served as Director of Special Events. A passionate and creative professional, she works with each part of their Advancement team to connect the schools constituents to the institution through events, communication, engagement, and stewardship. Amanda works closely with volunteers of the school to ensure that their practices are relatable and engaging across generations and relationships. She is a volunteer herself, working as an advisor to The Red Rhino Fund a 9-student board tasked with raising funds to grant awards to local organizations in support of education, literacy, and the arts, is a member of the Connecticut Community Foundation Women's Giving Circle, and serves as Board President at her children's school. She graduated from Albertus Magnus with a degree in Humanities and attended Boston University's Center for Professional Education for Fundraising. She and her husband, Artie, have two boys Jack (5) and Owen (3). Subscribe to my website www.devdebrief.com or follow for more info on instagram @devdebrief --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/devdebrief/support

„Gute Nacht aller Erdensorg‘ und Pracht“ – Romantische Musikästhetik bei E.T.A. Hoffmann Veranstalter: Akademisches Forum Albertus Magnus Tagungsleitung: Prof. Dr. Sigmund Bonk, Direktor Akademisches Forum Albertus Magnus Referenten: Prof. Dr. Rainer Kleinertz, Prof. Dr. Sigmund Bonk, Prof. Dr. Veit Neumann (ohne Aufnahme) Rainer Kleinertz sprach hauptsächlich über E. T. A: Hoffmanns, musikgeschichtlich besehen, höchst einflussreiche Rezension von Beethovens C-Moll-Symphonie (der “5.”). Er habe als Napoleon-Hasser allerdings alles weggelassen, was als Hymnus auf die Große Armee aufgefasst werden könne. Insbesondere der “C-Dur-Taumel” am Schluss der Symphonie sei von ihm erstaunlich stiefmütterlich behandelt worden. Für den tief ergriffenen Hoffmann ist diese Sinfonie der Inbegriff reiner Instrumentalmusik. Dieser sei, so Kleinertz, vor der Epoche der Romantik als defizitär eingeschätzt worden. Dann aber beginne ihr Siegeszug als “absolute Musik”. Beethoven ist, Hoffmann zufolge, der romantischste aller Komponisten, er stelle einen Gipfelpunkt dar nach den großen Wegbereitern reiner Instrumentalmusik Haydn und Mozart. Beethovens Musik sei, so Hoffmann weiter, durch und durch romantisch; sie öffne die Tore zu einem Geisterreich, schließe die “die Tore des Orkus“ auf. Sie sei Ahnung des Absoluten, tönendes Symbol „unendlicher Sehnsucht“. Herr Bonk verfolgte die Frage, ob es – so wie es eine schwarze Romantik (Lord Byron, Hoffmann, Baudelaire, Anne Radcliffe, Mary Shelley u. a.) gab – auch eine dunkle romantische Musikästhetik gibt. Er kommt zu einem positiven Ergebnis und findet bei Wackenroder, Hoffmann und Schopenhauer ein Musikverständnis, das die Musik in enger Verbindung mit Schmerz, Leiden, Sünde, Wahnsinn und “Hölle” sieht.

New Head Coach of Albertus Magnus high school, Matt Giannettino, joins Matt Stopsky to discuss how to create an offense and how to build a program. #NFL #Football #HighSchoolFootball

Dr. Alessandra Beccarissi - "Albertus Magnus und die Philosophen" by Angelicum Thomistic Institute

Dr. Katja Krause - " Albertus Magnus zur Philosophie und Theologie: Die Rolle des Erkennenden" by Angelicum Thomistic Institute

Frank and Heather discuss the twelfth century alchemist Albertus Magnus. Again. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/heather-whaley6/message

A lecture with Q&A by Davenant Press Editor-in-chief (and Davenant Hall instructor) Onsi Kamel entitled "The Birth of Secularity: Henry More, Metaphysics, and the Battle for God's Spirit." In recent decades, intellectual historians have attempted to chart the development of “secular modernity,” generally locating its origins in medieval or Protestant metaphysics. Key claims of these genealogies crumble under scrutiny, not least of all blaming the Reformation for a metaphysical revolution. And yet the metaphysical gulf separating the medieval and modern periods is undeniable: the world of Kant and Schleiermacher is not the world of Albertus Magnus and Duns Scotus. If historians wish to better understand the development of secularity, a more helpful entry point is a seventeenth-century debate about the immateriality of the soul, the nature of space, and the spirit of God. Central to this debate was Henry More (1614 - 1687), a Cambridge Platonist philosopher now largely forgotten, but prominent in his lifetime. In this lecture, Mr. Onsi Kamel explores More's defense of traditional metaphysics against Cartesianism. This will both illuminate how intellectual change results as much from ideas failing as it does them succeeding, and explore the origin of a key shift within modernity: moving from an analogical understanding of God to a univocal one.

Monday, November 15th, 2021

Ref.: Prof. em. Dr. Ulrich Lüke, Münster, Westf Egal, ob der November zufällig mal strahlend schön ist oder sich im regnerischen Gewand des Spätherbstes präsentiert - meistens assoziieren wir mit dem November Tod, Dunkelheit, Regen, Kälte und eher trübe Stimmungen. Doch auf dem dreißigarmigen Monatsleuchter des Novembers hat uns die Kirche einige Lichter in Menschengestalt gesteckt, die uns mit ihrem Leben einen warmen Schein aus der himmlischen Heimat ins novembrige Exil bringen. Vier von diesen Lichtgestalten des Novembers stellt Ulrich Lüke in dieser Sendung vor. Es sind Karl Borromäus, der Bernhard Lichtenberg, Albertus Magnus und Nils Stensen.

Garrett Hickey enters his fourth season at Fairfield Prep as the Associate Head Coach. The 2013 Assumption University and 2015 Sacred Heart University graduate most recently was an Assistant Coach at Albertus Magnus from 2015-2017. Coach Hickey helped Albertus Magnus make back to back GNAC Championships, winning the title in 2016-17. Prior to his time at Albertus, Coach Hickey was an assistant for ND-Fairfield where they lost in the Class L State Championship. Coach Hickey is also a trainer and coach for PHD Baksetball and has his own own blog called #ShareTheGame. coachhickey@ctphd.com @Coach_Hickey5 --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/kevin-furtado/support

Lukas 6:6-11

Jacquie is joined by John Lawrie, Ed.D., an associate professor of criminal justice and retired super max corrections officer to discuss punishment versus rehabilitation, changing the culture of COs, and teaching the next generation of lawmakers about these important issues.

Matius 11:25-27

Fr. Bernhard Blankenhorn, O.P -"Albertus Magnus on Contemplative Ascent to God" by Thomistic Institute Angelicum.

In today's episode, I invite an old friend from high school to join us on the show today. Earl McCoy went to the same high school I did and is now asst. director of career & professional development at the school of Albertus Magnus, a local college in Connecticut. He is joined by Kobey, a student obtaining his MBA at Albertus Magnus serving as a graduate assistant for the center for arts and innovation. Never forget to hit the subscribe button, and follow across all socials @AssistanceHQ for all of the latest content and Off/Source updates - Visit Offsource.tech to learn more. --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/theramblings/message

Injil Yohanes 4:43-54

Lukas 10:1-9

RSC, Vindicat, Virgilius, Minerva, SSR, DSC, USC, Unitas, Quintus, Ceres, Augustinus, Albertus Magnus, Carolus Magnus, Nereus, Laga, Triton, Skadi, Laga, NSR, Njord, Aegir, L.A.N.X, Circumflex, en ga zo maar even door. Wat heb je nou eigenlijk aan een studentenvereniging? Vaak gaat het al snel over zuipen, vrienden maken en netwerken, maar een tweede opvoeding binnen zo'n vereniging kan veel meer opleveren dan dat. Je kunt er voor je latere carrière ook zelfredzaamheid, doorzettingsvermogen en een stevige ruggengraat aan overhouden. Daarom praten Guido en Simon deze week over een groot aantal verenigingen en met een aantal bestuurders. Wat is het onderscheid tussen die verschillende gezelschappen, wat is hun kracht en wat zijn de zwaktes? Welk type student vind je terug bij welke vereniging? En wat raden wij aan? Je hoort het hieronder.

TJHP EP102 – This week's episode of The Junior Hockey Podcast, Gresko is joined by Jeff Nygaard. They sit down with Head Coach of Albertus Magnus D3 NCAA Ice Hockey Team, Kyle Wallack. They discuss recruiting this season and Kyle discusses how players can get the attention of College Coaches in such a weird hockey season. In this week's episode we talk about the USPHL Hub City and the Whistleblower interview with Bob Turow. We had a lot of great content in this week's episode so make sure you keep sending us any questions or topics that you would like us to discuss on the podcast and as always, thank you for listening!

Dante erwähnt ihn in seiner Göttlichen Komödie: Albert den Großen. Legenden zufolge habe er den Bauplan des Kölner Doms entworfen. Ein Zauberer sei er gewesen. Schon zu Lebzeiten gilt der Dominikanermönch als einer der berühmtesten Gelehrten in Mitteleuropa. Autorin: Claudia Friedrich

Sicher wäre er heute ein gefragter Talkgast. Doch Albertus Magnus ist ein Mann des 13. Jahrhunderts. Ein Universalgelehrter, auch damals ein Star. Nicht zuletzt verdankt Köln seinen Ruhm dem Dominikanermönch. Heute vor 740 Jahren ist Albertus Magnus gestorben.

Renungan diambil dari Injil Lukas 11:15-26

A conversation with Dr Anton Howes about The Royal Society of Arts, cultural factors that drive innovation, and many aspects of historical innovation. Anton is a historian of innovation whose work is expansive, but focuses especially on England in the 18th and 19th centuries as a hotbed of technological creativity. He recently released an excellent book that details the history of the Royal Society of Arts called “Arts and Minds: How the Royal Society of Arts Changed a Nation” and he publishes an excellent newsletter at Age of Invention. Notes Aton on Twitter: @AntonHowes Arts and Minds: How the Royal Society of Arts Changed a Nation - Anton's Book Age of Invention - Anton's Newsletter The referenced post about Dungeons and Dragons We don't dig too much into the content of the book because Anton talked about it on other podcasts. He gives a good overview in this one. How much did a steam engine cost in today's dollars, these sources suggest it was roughly $100k , but as anton noted - it's complicated. Transcript (Rough+Experimental)  Ben: the place that I I'd love to start is the,society of arts did something that I feel like people don't discuss very much, which is focused on,  inventions that have positive externalities. So you, you talk a lot about how they, they would promote,Inventions that maybe people,couldn't make a lot of money off of they weren't going to patent. , and it's one of the few examples I've seen in history of like non-government forces really promoting,inventions with positive externalities. And so I was wondering , if you see that.  how could we get more of that today? And like, if there were other [00:02:00] things doing similar work at the time and maybe how that theme has like moved forward in time. Anton: Yeah. That's really interesting question. I'm trying to off the top of my head, think of any examples of other non-governmental ones. I suspect there's quite a few from that period, though, just for the simple reason that. I mean the context in which the society of arts and emerges right, is at a time when you have a very capable state, but a state that doesn't do very much. Right? So one of the, one of the things you see throughout it is actually the society kind of creating what you might call the sorts of institutions that States now take upon themselves all the time, voting positive externalities as you, as you, which is a very good way of putting it. , you know, Trying to identify inventions that the market itself wouldn't ordinarily provide. , later on in the night in the mid 19th century, trying to proper state into providing things [00:03:00] like public examinations or, you know, providing those things privately before you have a state education system. But I think one of the main reasons for that is that you don't really have that kind of role being taken up by the central state. Right. I mean, the other thing to bear in mind here of course, is that a lot of governance actually happens at the local level. And so when we talk about the government, we really mean the central government, but actually a lot of stuff would be, is happening, you know, amongst the, kind of the towns and cities. It seems with that written privileges, the various borrowers with their own often quite bizarre privileges and like the way they were structured,local authorities for want of a better word, although they kind of. Take all sorts of different forms. And I think you do see quite a lot of it. It's just, it wasn't all done by a single organization at the time. So I think that's kind of the main underlying context there. Ben: Yeah. And so I guess sort of riffing on that. , one thing that I was wondering, as I, as I read through the book was like, why don't we see [00:04:00] more of that sort of like non central, central state,Positive externality promoting work done. Now, like you think of philanthropy and it doesn't quite have that same flavor anymore. And I wonder like do, like, my bias would be, would be to think that sort of,there's almost like a crowding out by the centralized state now that people sort of expect that. , and I was wondering like, do you. W w how do you think of it, perhaps there's some crowding out. I mean, the interesting thing, right, is that Britain has actually kind of interesting in that it has quite a lot of these bottom up institutions. Whereas across the rest of Europe, you actually see quite a few top-down ones. Right? So I discussed in the book that there is actually not one, but two French societies of arts, sociology. Those are there's even a third one, which still exists, which is a kind of a later much later one from, I think the late 1938, early 19th, late [00:05:00] 18th, early 19th centuries. , part of the, kind of catch up with Britain project that Napoleon and others start pursuing,But yeah, you have a lot of these princely institutions, ones that depend on particular figures to be their patrons,to promote them,to, you know, provide a meeting space for them to provide them with funds, to provide up, to, to fund anyone who's doing fellowship of that, of that kind. Whereas in Britain, you seem to get basically those stuff that doesn't get funded by the particular patrons, even when they're promised that funding like the Royal society, which they always hoped we'd get some kind of government or, you know, some funds from Charles the second or something never does. , it obviously gets support that, you know, he gives them a Royal base that they can have on the table in front of them when they have that discussions. But that's about it. And the society of arts I guess, is, has to be set up because you have that lack of. , you have that lab because of state support. , I mean, what's interesting is I guess in certain [00:06:00] complex contexts, you do get state funding of these sorts of institutions. The Dublin society becomes the Royal Dublin society, but that one actually does get state funding as part of the kind of compact try and get Ireland to catch up with, with, with Britain in terms of its economy, same with Scotland, the society Scottish society of improvers does eventually get. I guess morphed into what becomes the Scottish board of trustees for fisheries and manufacturers, probably full title one. , so organizations like that, I guess become state ones. I mean, the idea that there, the fact that they're quite uncommon though, is, is interesting. And I wonder if Britain was just a bit better sometimes that they're organizing these things and keeping them going. , the Dublin society is. An outlier. So there's the society of arts. You see lots of these patriotic societies set up to emulate the society of arts across Europe, but very, [00:07:00] very few of them,assisted I think by the 1850s, the only one, like they're pretty much, refounded a bunch of them as kind of discussion clubs. And then since then, I think the only real one to keep going was it's the one on Malta for summary, bizarre reason. , I've kind of forgotten the original question now I've kind of gone. So, so the original question was just around,like why almost like why aren't there more,nongovernmental organizations sort of devoted to promoting,these positive externalities. Like that's, that's sort of the big question I have. So I guess my answer there is partially that. It seems as though if you did have crowding out it was happening just as much then, or at least had that potential. Right? Cause you have these Nobles who could be the patrons. You have the King, who could be the patron. , although potentially you're right in that, because British Monex worth giving their patronage. You end up with these actually ironically more robust institutions because they're [00:08:00] much more broad based and bottom up. Yeah. Being formed and then surviving. So perhaps it's the case that because we just expect the government to do it and the government's extremely rich and actually does give lots of money for lots of different things. We just say, well, it's easier to, just to kind of persuade a politician, to get some money set aside for a new agency in much the same way that you know, today Britain is trying to set up an ARPA. , I think just announced a few weeks ago. , because once the idea gets,enough currency, as long as you can persuade the panels that be the, maybe it's actually quite straightforward to do it. The reason I ask is actually based on something that, that Jomo cure has pointed out, which is how,Kind of like the federalisation of innovation makes it much more robust. , I'm sure you've seen the, the,sort of like the contrast between like the Chinese state. , and then how, like, in, in Europe, comer, [00:09:00] Copernicus could like go, go between Patriot to patron until they found someone who would actually support him. , and so I always wonder about like having multiple sources of innovation and like how to have that happen. , so that was that's, that's sort of something that, that I'm, I'm always thinking about. , I guess you could say that that's, that's present right on the European level. Certainly the big question then is why is it that you don't get it happening in other fractured States? , I think a very neglected part of the case thesis, right? Is that yes, fractured States is one thing, but the other half of that, of the, of the puzzle there is also having a kind of common culture. Yeah. Even if that's. Completely kind of invented right with Swedes who presumably is descended from whatever bar area, really fat calling themselves, you know, Albertus Magnus or, or, or whatever, you know, people who are certainly not Latin from, you know, in [00:10:00] any kind of. I guess ethics sense claiming a Latin heritage or Greek or Latin heritage for themselves. , I guess bricks as well. Right? , many of whom are probably Anglo, Anglo, Saxon, Germanic Anglo-Saxons or, or, or pre Roman council something. , you know, John D is actually referring to himself as the artist know. But, but that, that, that common language, you know, having a lingua franca, French of Latin then of French, and then I guess more, more recently of English having that common set of assumptions, you know, the Republic of letters. Wasn't just about the fact that you could, as a stop gap or safety valve move somewhere, that could be a bit more promising. , I think it's also very much, it very much requires that extra step, whether or not you have had in other places is, is debatable. Right. I think kit mentions, you know? Yes. Career in Japan and next to China, but they don't [00:11:00] quite have the common culture. So even though some Chinese intellectuals will move to Japan there, they get kind of forgotten neglected. It's a really good point. And I had, I appreciate you. You. Bringing up that neglected part. And so it's like then,actually this is a great segue into another thing I wanted to ask you about. , it's like, so we're, we're in the middle of the coronavirus and you've done a lot of work on sort of like the virality of,of innovation itself,and the ideas like that. And,and so. In contrast, it feels like there's a contrast between,sort of the, the industrial revolution where it seemed like people really would,see someone innovating on something and then take it on themselves to start doing something similar. , and then today you see something like Elon Musk doing something awesome, but then you don't see that many people. Replicating that. , and [00:12:00] do you have a sense of the what's what's different or whether I'm,basically that on like some false assumptions that makes sense, like, like, or just generally, how could we,have more of that innovation vitality? I mean, I think a lot of people probably are inspired by people like Musk. , the way in which they're inspired, I guess is debatable. , you do, I think it's important to have. Invention figureheads. If you like people who you can aspire to copy when it comes to improvement, when it comes to tinkering, when it comes to invention, I guess one of the problems with a figure like Musk is that he seems unaware, reachable or unobtainable, right? There's a kind of level of connectedness and wealth. That seems almost like a starting point before you can even. Get us starting the sorts of projects that [00:13:00] he does or involved himself with. And I think that's potentially harmful. And that it kind of, it's some idea I keep coming back to actually, which is that there's the, the myth of the genius inventor is on the one hand. Good. Because people aspire to be like them. But on the other hand, it can be quite damaging if it seems as though. You have to be born with that a couple lucky enough to just be, be a genius of that. , and that I think is very problematic,because that's not a tall, what we see, I think in the 18th century. And it's certainly not what we see in the 19th century, which is this idea. I articulated that you could be anybody in any past station of life. Right? The Samuel smiles self-help mantra is you can be dirt poor. And, you know, a minor or something in, in, in, in,in the Northeast, someone like George Stevenson and yet through the sheer force of [00:14:00] self-education and. Adopting that improving mindset, you can do great things. Yeah. , and so one of the reasons I quite like improvement as an idea, versus like, as something broader like innovation or invention, is that it has that kind of sense of marginality, that sense of tinkering, that sense of, you know, just doing a little bit to make things a bit better. Which can often have very outsized effects. So a problem with a figurehead, like Musk, I think is that it's like, Oh my God. Yeah. Where do you even start? If I said, if I say it, whereas I think if you can construct a narrative false or not, I think that's actually relevant here. Right. But if you construct a narrative where. It's simply through hard work, a bit of, a bit of hard work and just tinkering around the edges and then keeping on optimizing until you get something really great. That's much more accessible. And I think it also [00:15:00] happens to be true. Right. I think, I think that happens to be true that occasionally certain bundles of improvements with these huge outsize effects can make people extremely rich, extremely famous, and then it kind of spirals from there for certain people. But I think focusing on those initial stories is one of the reasons why, you know, I think, I think the Victorian narratives ended up being so effective, perhaps even had an actual impact on inspiring more people to go in and do that, that sort of thing. And that's actually something that,I've, I've comfortably been thinking about, which is the sorts of things that can be tinkered with and improved now feel different than the sorts of things that could be tinkered and improved in the 19th century. Right. So it's like you look at. , like you could actually like tinker with what was sort of the cutting edge technology, right? Like you could tinker with, [00:16:00] , like railroad brakes or you could tinker with,like sailing apparatus, but it's now harder. It's like, you can't really go like tinker with,like a fusion reactor in the same way. , and. Do you think there's something to that? Or like, like that, that, that contrast, I think perhaps there is something in the mid 19th century. You've got this focus, I guess, on. I'm trying to make some of these instruments, more accessible things like a sort of study of arts gets involved with things like having cheap microscopes that you can send out to working men's colleges, mechanics, institutions, all over the country so that people can then use these things and then make new discoveries, or at least know how they work. , you know, the closest thing we have to that now, I guess it's like something like the raspberry PI, you know, these very simple things that you can start tinkering away around [00:17:00] with. , and I guess, you know, maybe in certain respects you want as much as possible to make. Not, not even necessarily knowledge, but to make invention more accessible, you need the materials to become more and more accessible. Having said that if you think of something like the rust free pipe, that is a very complicated piece of machinery that is now available to school kids,that would be like, you know, in the 18th century taking, you know, a watch or something, something extremely complicated and being like, yeah, how the go, you know, like take this apart and do what you will. , you know, these are things,they certainly come down in price so the time, but they're still. They're not cheap to tinker with. I mean, you mentioned, you mentioned shipping, you know, doing any kind of tinkering with a ship is actually extremely expensive. I mean, it's in the 18th century, that's very much on par with trying to tinker with a jet fighter today in terms of the relative cost of it, you know? So, well, let me, let me push back against that a little bit, which is that. It at least like I've, I've never,like actually like built a [00:18:00] ship, but it seems like it's a little bit more modular, right? Like, like you could say, like tinker with the steering wheel of the ship without,necessarily affecting like the whole, whereas. There's, it's not really possible to like the jet fighter is so integrated that I'm not sure how much you could tinker with like, maybe that the instrument panel, but I'm like, that's it. Or it's like, you could, you could tinker with a sale, a sale design. , but you can't really tinker with the engine of a jet fighter. Yeah. Interesting. I mean, I guess something like the steam engine is kind of similar there where most of the time, most of the improvements you make probably involve redesigning the whole. And there are a few, obviously exceptions to that, but you know, something like in reaching the separate condense that [00:19:00] does require actually changing the way it works, the same with Marine engines, you know, the kind of much lighter, smaller engines that you can use on boats, because they're trying to make these things as small as possible light as possible, at least the same with high pressure engines. , I guess, yeah, those, those do require a big upfront cost. And yet what's astonishing now, I guess it's still that you have a lot of people. From all sorts of backgrounds, still, somehow managing to, to make their improvements to it. Model scale, perhaps not at full scale, but then using a model to show the principles and then getting it built at a much larger, much larger way. Actually, I'm not sure if you know this off the top of your head, but like, do you have a sense of how much a steam engine. Costs in term, in, in the 19th century. But in terms of today's money, not off the top of my head, that'd be real. I'd be just like interested in like, [00:20:00] even like order of magnitude, right? Like, would it be like, like 10,000 pounds or a hundred thousand or a million, right. Like. I mean, it depends how you measure these things a lot of the time as well. But if I have the figure to hand, it it'd be a bit easier, but yeah. Cause you can make it to things later. I'll look it up. Yeah. Stick it in the link. Yeah. But there's different ways of measuring it as well. Right. So just the real cost doesn't actually tell you very much because the basket of goods changes so dramatically over time, the labor cost maybe tells you a bit, but then it's probably it's relative to the average. Wage, which is like the labor is wage very often and not, you know, if you're, if you're a middle class in the 18th century, you were actually pretty damn rich. If you're upper class, you'll extremely rate unimaginably wealthy. , and if you're not, then you're extremely, then you're very, very poor. , like the levels of inequality at the time seeing was unfathomable today, I think,Even when we talk about Nicole T increasing, it's really the comparison. Not that bad [00:21:00] people forget that. The very, yeah, it's difficult to appreciate, I think how, how things change qualitatively as well as typically, but then you've also got measures, like, you know, what is the cost of it relative to the size of the economy, which can also be an interesting way of looking at that. , so, and then you've got different ways of, of, of comparing those measures. So it's very difficult to compare the money over time. I mean, certainly these are expensive machines. , making a model even is extremely expensive, requires quite a lot of careful work. , but I wonder how much of that to scale tinkering happens. It's possible that, you know, in. In the process of making machinery with interchange parts and making it as kind of custom built. It's not really custom built, but. As integrated, as you say, as possible, we've made it actually harder to make changes. Perhaps we should be putting more in the way of tweak ability into our [00:22:00] design. Yeah. I mean, like that's, that's a, that's a huge thing. , it's like you see that with,you know, it's like, you can't take the,battery out of most Mac laptops anymore. , most cars you can't tinker with the engine. Anymore. , because you, you do get sort of like re efficiency returns by making things unconquerable. , so, so I, I, I definitely agree with, with you,I really appreciate you bringing in the nuance of comparing,the, the prices now to prices in the past. And,So think that I also wanted to ask is what do you think, like you're, I feel like one of the real historians who engages the most with sort of like the, the technology,world, what do you think that I would guess, I would say like, technology, people get wrong when they're thinking. Historically, like what, what sort of like, almost like cognitive [00:23:00] errors do you use, you see people making that just like make you want it, tear your hair out? What an interesting question. Couple. This is where I offend people. I think this is, I think, I think like, like you gotta, you gotta be okay with that as long as, as long as you like really believe it. Hmm. That's an interesting one. I mean, certainly you occasionally see a sort of simplified oversimplification of certain trends. Right. , but I, I don't know if that's common to technology people particularly, or if that's just general humans, a general human thing,which you probably see quite a lot. But, you know, I have to think about that one. Yeah, we can, we can circle back on it. I'm just, I guess it's just my, my bias is that I think a sort of historical thinking is under [00:24:00] done. , like, like lots of people talk about history, but they don't approach it like historians. And so I would love to just like inject a little bit more of the way that you think into the world. So I try to the general thing, I guess it would be that very occasionally I'll see the kinds of. Historical work, where you're effectively see people reading the Wikipedia page and kind of coming up with this very straightforward, almost linear narrative of this invention and led to this invention, which led to this invention or this understanding led to this invention. And I think what's often missing there is, is the extent to which. A lot of fan is just tinkering a lot of thought that there are so many more steps along the way that go into this and dead ends and you know, ways in which things either, either failed from a scientific point of view or a technical point of view [00:25:00] or. Just kind of, there's a lack of understanding at the time. We'll just from a business point of view where I think dead ends happen very easily in the history of technology. And there are a lot of them and they're probably somewhat unexplored, but on the converse, the other thing I notice a lot is that people often have a bias, I think, towards very technical explanations. , so a good example of this was, so I wrote this,Sub stack this newsletter, this newsletter blog post about the invention of Dungeons and dragons. Yes. I bought that one. I don't think it was quite as, it was probably my most popular one so far, even though, you know, bizarrely that thing, this is the one I spent the least time writing. Mmm. And the most common reaction. So that the overall argument for listeners who may not be aware of it, or probably won't be aware of it was that you have a lot of inventions that are behind that time, [00:26:00] which is the phrase, Alex, tap rock economist users. I quite like it essentially very, very low hanging fruit things that could have been done very, very early. And for some reason just worked. , and I think the reason I was just very few people in the past tinkered. Yeah. , and even fewer, perhaps, you know, of those who did tink or even made things public. So sometimes you get things invented and they actually failed to reveal it, to discover by the way, which is, you know, the word discover is uncover it's to kind of, not just that you found the things that you actually bother to tell someone about the thing and through the transmission of that knowledge, you know, that, that technology as a whole, as a, as a society advances,so yeah, some idea that it is is that you have a lot of these ideas that are, or inventions that could have been done any point within the past. And my main example of this or the one that I discussed that was doughnuts of records, right? This is literally for those who haven't played, literally, you need. Nothing except the people, right? It's it's you just [00:27:00] basically tell a story and then I guess you need dice. But I actually noticed the other day that they had,the 20 sided dice in each, in Egypt, something thousand, something BC, whatever, they found, very intricately inscribed. So you've got all of the raw materials and then all you do is you have the structured plate and the pushback from this was overwhelmingly. No, but there must be other factors, right? That there has to be some kind of constraint. I think the way that, and this is, this is the economist thing like this,cause they're trained to, and I think a lot of people in, I guess the, the technology sector thing like this as well, that there must be some kind of constraint that needs to be overcome. So a lot of people were saying, well, you did have some things like a Creek spiel. , which is this Prussian army game, which was kind of similar. Going back to the 19th century. There were potentially a few, I think it's the Bronte sisters may have come up with a similar form of structured play. , so there was the [00:28:00] questioning from that level, but then the other one was what cable you needed. I don't know the American suburb so that kids are like the invention of Childs so that kids would have, and yes, I get that those things may have contributed towards the specific form that D and D took. But. It still could have been invented earlier, right? These are, these are weak constraints. , and I think a lot of people, they, they tried very, they try very hard to find hard constraints, the same with the famous example,of the. , the suitcase with wheels, you know, people were just like, well, you know, first of all, you need to have, you know, good enough floors in the airport. You need to have a lot of people going to the airport, you know, an international flight because otherwise, what are you gonna use? This thing you need good enough roads for the wheels to work. You need good enough rubber. You probably need the, the ball bearings or something or something rather for this to be technically possible. But the reality is there are, there are absolutely loads inventions that just didn't require, you [00:29:00] know, maybe that's just a bad example. , but there are actually loads and loads of other ones as well. , another one I mentioned. Yeah. And that post, which not many people picked up on was Semafore systems, you know, signaling between ships or from ship to shore. Like you need a flag. Yeah. I mean, a lot of the early, when they, when they discovered it well, when they create invent the one that kind of becomes modern Semifore, you know, people are literally just doing with like a white handkerchief. Yeah, they wrapping around their arms. , the holograph by leftenant James Spratt is the one where they just kind of wrap it around their arms. It almost has a picture of Vitruvian man. , with the, you know, the, the kind of arms different positions all at once holding these handkerchiefs,very long kind of white cloth,or wrapping it around their arm. , the only example I can really think of,you know, The warning system that they used in Elizabethan times for when someone was invading England, which [00:30:00] is a bit like the lighting of the beacons and all the rings, you know, where they just set up a fire, it's like attack, you know, there's no, there's no signaling going on there. And another one I noticed just the other day was from the early 17th century was some kind of signaling system when they were fishing off the coast of Cornwall. But it's actually say what, how. How intricate that system was. So these are inventions though, that, you know, given it probably did exist in Cornwall in the 17th century. Why isn't it used while the Royal Navy until the late night, the late 18th, early 19th century, or even the kind of physical infrastructure that you see in France beforehand, they have these towers with signaling systems. Where they kind of have almost like they look a bit like windmills, except they don't turn around. They just kind of have these shutters that kind of go up and down in different arms of the shutters go up and down for different letters. Why do they only set that up in the seventies and eighties? This would have been useful, you know, underneath. 200, 300, 500,000 years. Exactly. I would say like the Greeks, like why didn't the Greeks [00:31:00] a signal between ships with,and I think a, you know, something when people say, Oh, it was invented earlier. Well then the question is, well, why wasn't it more widely adopted, right? Yeah. Invention does happen all the time. You do get things reinvented all the time. , but there are actually very few hard constraints on, on those inventions. I think that's just as true today. , I mean, one of the really interesting things about, I think a lot of people in today's technology, the sphere, the industry, and I guess the kind of intellectual sphere. Is that if you look at how a lot of them actually make their money, it is often from exploiting, extremely simple things that could have been done quite a bit earlier, which has worked well. They were, but they failed for whatever, either unrelated reason or the conditions weren't quite right. Or they just a bit unlucky. Yeah. Yeah. That's , Man. Okay. So there's, there's a couple of places that I'd love to go from this. I think one that I really want to get your take on is, and I think you're [00:32:00] really sort of touching it here is,if you look there, there are two really big schools of. Thought around history, right? Like, so you have the great man people, and then you have sort of like the evolutionary,sort of, so like, almost like I was, I was looking into this and there's no like single, like anti great man. It's theory, but like, it's, it's sort of like, is it just like, do things come about because like, like singular people really push things through, or is it a much more like, like it would have happened anyway process,and. I, I completely realized that it's not a binary thing, but what I'd love to do is just hear like your mental model of like, how like those, those two poles and where like, how things actually work. I think you, you probably need a bit of both. Right? So in a lot of my own work, I, I guess I'm [00:33:00] methodologically individualist, right? I like looking at what it is that individuals deed and said, and then from what they did and said, try to work out what they also thought or what motivated them, which isn't necessarily the same thing, but, you know, but you can, you can get at it a bit. Yeah. , At the same time, I think it's worth taking it's it's worth taking stuff off the kinds of forces that are pulling the strings, so to speak of those individuals and maybe affecting all of them all at once. So I think you need a bit of both. You have to be aware of the kind of overall macro level arguments. Yeah. Was it just, the prices were right in general, which is, you know, such a kind of broad sweep of coordination of millions, potentially people. Resulting in this single figure, right. , it's kind of spontaneously generated or created a thing. The emergent thing. , but at the same time, you do need to be aware that, you know, people I think do have agency,yes, their context [00:34:00] matters as to how they are mine, their agency. But I think one of the things I've learned is yeah, great, man theory may not exist. Great person theory may or may not be quite right. But so I think bad to throw the baby out with the, of water and say, well, yes, we've just, you know, in the kind of Marxist. Reading of things just at the mercy of these, these suffer national global forces around which we have no say whatsoever. I mean, the reality is that, you know, I think the industry relations is a great example of this because you have this broad acceleration. Imagine with some of these inventions, having these global scale effects on the rest of the world, you know, things like the steam boat. Okay. It's a collective endeavor that leads to that point where you have steam boats, but once steam boats effectively shrink the world, I mean, that completely changes the game when it comes to. Trade patterns, right? Suddenly the whole world can be globally integrated. You can see price convergence across the entire [00:35:00] globe. You see this kind of distinction between this growing distinction, as they, as people put it in the forties and fifties, you know, the periphery and the S and the core, an industrialized series of. The nation's sucking in raw materials from the rest of the world, because those raw materials were profitable. Those countries start specializing in those things alone. And, you know, perhaps they get the industrialized or whatever, you know, those forces are still ultimately caused by the actions of a few individuals. So I guess the way to think of it is that, you know, we should take the individual actions seriously in their context and not necessarily think of them as heroic individuals. You know, changing the course of the river, but they can definitely change the rate of the flow, the, the direction that it, that it flows in. , they can, you know, eat away at the banks a bit more or a bit less. Okay. I think, I think that there's room for change [00:36:00] there. , especially when it comes to network effects and that very much relies on individual initiative. Right. I think we take for granted that, Oh, you know, okay. Let's say a place like Vienna in the early in the year 19th century. It's just, yeah. You know, there's something magic in the air or in the water and people come together. No, you require individuals to be these kinds of. Social butterflies and bring together particular groups. And through those interactions almost create new ideologies potentially right? Where the convergence of different ideas and interest leads to a sort of synthesis. , you know, the Royal society in England in the 1660s is often cited as being a kind of outgrowth of  the circle around Samuel Hartlieb   he draws together all of these different people and they become, essentially a,an invisible college . Yeah, even though he's not really that involved himself in what then happens, the Hartlieb [00:37:00] circle kind of manifests itself as the Royal society later on, even though a lot of the Hotlips circle, you know, you could say we're very associated with the Cromwell Rasheem, you know, during the English civil war, you know, the Royal is sympathizers amongst the mobile we're adjacent to that ended up forming their own society. , so I think you need those sorts of fingers. People like hot flip or someone like Benjamin Franklin, right. Is he's as much a connector as he is an actor. Yeah. Bringing together particular people, sometimes that's just through writing, but often it's through correspondence is through active meeting. It's through setting things up or what the society of arts, which I wrote my book about, right. Would not have happened. Had it not been for the ship assistance of the guy like William Shipley, a lot of people have this ideal of an organization like that, but to actually make it happen, you need to actually do the organizing. So two things that makes me think of a first, actually going back to your point about soft [00:38:00] constraints. , what would you say to the argument that the softer, the constraints, the more important the individual is? So if it's something where it's like the world, just like wasn't ready for it. Like a hard constraint changed and then the world could have it then maybe it's like, okay. It just happened to be someone who made the thing, but then you look at such as the dragons,the inventor, Gary Gygax,maybe he was actually very important,because he was the one to really crystallize the whole thing. In my understanding of that particular example is there are quite a few people hovering around what, what would it, what he kind of hit it hit upon in his kind of unique way. , which strikes me as suggesting that, you know, perhaps there were a bunch of soft constraints that get lifted,in that particular case, or at least maybe not constraints, but things that led to that kind of particular. Form that it took.   I mean, it's definitely a [00:39:00] plausible mechanism, right? That sounds like it probably works. I'm just trying to think through an example of how, of whether or not that that's the case. I guess, I guess the right comparison would be, are there cases where I get or how, how quickly do old ideas that had very solid, hard constraints then get adopted? The moment those hard constraints get lifted. Yeah. Is perhaps the way to think about that. That'd be an interesting. Just like actually like going through those case studies. And I suspect there's quite a few from the 20th century. I mean, I'm trying to think of something like the steam engine, but the problem of the steam engine is that actually the hard constraint of simply not understanding how air works. And then once that gets once, once we do have an understanding of the air, it's actually pretty rapid from there. No, it's a matter of decades. I would say [00:40:00] once they, once they hit upon that, and once they, they realize they can do it with steam, it moves very, very quickly because I've seen, I mean, just today I was apparently there's a Spanish claimants to the adventure of the steam engine from 1606. I've got very worried. So I looked into it because it would have been validated my last blog post. , but I was safe. It turns out,because you know, that the steam mentioned is, as we know it doing the kind of work did from the 18th century onwards very much realized that understanding the weight of the air and then using atmospheric pressure through the steam condensing that you get the, the work being done. Whereas this much early one it's very much just. Basically using the steam itself to push water up. So you kind of get, put the, put the water that you're trying to drain into a tank yeah. Which is lower than the altar itself. And then you kind of push the [00:41:00] steam from the boiler through that up. So it kind of spouts out the top through a pipe, which is not the tool, same thing. Right. The amount of work you can do with that kind of dimension is completely different. , Yeah, I guess the things to look at would be actually, I can't, I can't think of an example. There are certain forms of engine, which I think are only, I think it's the Sterling engine, which are now being looked at again, because at the time that they were come up with in the 1820s, if I remember rightly,The Sterling engine just didn't really have the materials to make it work. Yeah. But now that we can do it, it seems as though they're starting to be a bit of movement around it, but they are, the problem is perhaps half dependence that we've, we've invented all these very good engines that do things pretty well. And to shift to a different path will only be worth it. If it becomes extremely, extremely expensive to, to work or to continue producing or. Well using the [00:42:00] existing laws that we have. Yeah. It's a sort of enhanced two question, I guess, is the sort of case where once you have those sorts of developments, it does start to rely a lot on relative prices in terms of the kind of investment that goes into certain things or the effort that goes into certain things, or when something is invented. You know whether or not it succeeds in the market, it definitely relies on those overall historical forces beyond our control, like prices and costs. Yeah, no, it's just,It's fascinating to think about it. And I appreciate you,actually thinking about it. Like, I feel like everybody has their, so, so many people have their narrative about like, this is the way it works. Like it's all evolution or it's all great people. , and, and so like actually like digging in and thinking about like, okay, like when, when is it, which,I really appreciate,I want to switch a little bit and talk about risk. , So a lot of the things that, that you discussed,blow up when they [00:43:00] fail. And yeah. So I'm, I'm wondering, like, if there's some like, and I feel like people today would not use something, if it would blow up when it failed. Right. So, so,and so, so,I'm wondering, like if there's something. In like, like you need a societal risk tolerance, like of, of like physical danger in order to be able to do this tinkering with,Sort of intense technology, right? Like, so like steamships, they, they blow up when they fail. And like you see all these pictures of,like steam engines that have, have exploded and they, they kill people. , and so it's like, do you think that there's, there's a difference in our level of, of risk tolerance between now and,the, the 18th and 19th centuries. Maybe I'm not, I don't think so though. Okay. I'm trying, I'm just thinking of all of the sorts of things that just [00:44:00] from recent memory, you know, things like washing machines used to explode and fridges explode pretty easily, and it has that risk associated with them. , it's not until certain regulations come into force as the ways they have to be produced to kind of conform to certain standards. I mean, that's only a few decades ago. , And we certainly seeing a lot of inventions with the rocketry going on. Right. Which have a very, very real risk of exploding with absolutely no chance of survival. It's true. But you don't see that many, like, like, ah, I would say like sort of like civilians or, or customers getting on them right now, perhaps. I mean, certainly when it comes down to the wire, people are willing to take the risk for things like, you know, Testing a vaccine for the coronavirus. Right? What I've noticed is actually a lot of people are very bravely putting themselves forward for that sort of thing. I think I read the other day that the children of one of the, one of the [00:45:00] scientists working on it, an Oxford where, you know, very willing Guinea pigs for their moms,work in terms of there's vaccine and, you know, things go wrong with the vaccine. Things can do very, very wrong. Yeah, life-changing Lee or like Killingly I guess,even if they don't kill you, it could, it could affect the rest of your field days. So it seems as though, I mean, usually of course, you've got all sorts of regulation about the stages in which you test things out, and that's definitely different to what happens in the 18th century where, you know, it would gener. Gets his Gardener's son and gives him, you know, he purposely gives him cow pox and then smallpox to see if he gets it. And he's fine. Thank God. You know, or, you know, in the 17th century, the early experiments with track blood transfusions, they get pretty widespread and ultimately it just requires a doctor to kind of persuading their [00:46:00] patient on the, the procedure. , So, I suppose in some ways were more cautious about risk. , and again, even in these early cases, you know, they would often, when it comes to the first small pox inoculations, when they're trying to test them, they choose people who are going to be hanged as they're, you know, so they're, they're not, they're not always choosing people who are volunteering without any other constraints around that. Well, without any other possibilities, that's actually, that's very reassuring. I think it's like a, like there's I have this narrative in my head where we're like super risk averse and like, that's why we can't do anything, but,be very happy. That's actually wrong. I mean, certainly if you look at the number of people who become entrepreneurs and. In terms of just financial risk, basically give everything up and go bankrupt freeze. I mean, I don't see, I don't sense any change there. [00:47:00] Yeah. If anything, probably because the money available given how cheap capital is, it's just like everywhere for whatever idea, no matter how crazy, you know,in a way that in the past, just wasn't available. So. You know, even if society as a whole is becoming more risk averse in terms of regulation and trying to prevent loss of life, the ability to take financial risks as much, you know, we're were able to take as much. Much more risks, I think, than the net before, you know, society is now enabling the risk takers in that kind of stuff. As, as long as you will, could possibly make the money, I think is one of my concerns, I guess. So, but even then, I mean the business cases, aren't exactly what we solid. So that very kind of what's the classic, you know, do this question, Mark. Make some money. Yeah. I will speak to him. I'll also, also,Sell you a hundred dollars for $99 get [00:48:00] all the users. Yeah. , so,another thing that,I wanted to ask you about is like, sort of like in terms of the cultures of innovation is something that I've been struggling with is like almost by definition to really innovate on something. You need to break a spoken or unspoken rule. And,So, like, have you seen anything in the relationship between,like cultures and rule breaking and innovation? Do you know what this actually, maybe also answers your earlier question about something that people mentioned a lot, which is that the. As though it's a kind of us for you, them. I had a narrative where we must take on the entrenched interest and they're going to block us at every turn. Luddites are everywhere. Yeah. That's the classic Silicon Valley. Yeah. And maybe in some ways it's a [00:49:00] useful, even if it's a myth in the sense that, you know, if you're going to troll people together, what better way than to create an enemy for them to fight or to help do. Right. , So maybe it's not necessarily a bad thing and can be quite motivating in a way that isn't necessarily that harmful. Right. Cause it's more about out competing someone,than it is about destroying them necessarily. , no, it's okay. Competition as a word could perhaps be a bad thing cause it, it, it, it. Implies a contest or not really a contest, but maybe combat. Whereas what's really meant is something more like a sports where whoever whoever's first wins, the race versus boxing or something where whoever knocks the other one out is the one, the one who wins, so I think this, this narrative is very common. And I'm so skeptical of it nearly all the time, right? Is that you do have that kind of opposition to invention, but it's always been there. And I don't think, I think it's, I think that kind of opposition is very rarely to innovate invention per [00:50:00] se. I think it's much more commonly in opposition to particular ways in which those inventions affect existing interests. , So the Luddites, for example, a smashing particular kinds of machinery that are, that they feel are framing their jobs, the suite, the captain swing rights, again, affecting particular kinds of machinery. , I mean to, to, to go beyond machinery, think of the kind of anti enclosure movements where, you know, this is an economic change that is potentially improving the, the rental yields of the land in the sense that it's a more efficient use of it. , but it's certainly. Yeah, depending on the kinds of enclosure, it could be kicking labor is off. So the replacing fields with, with sheep,which is, you know, competing like 40, 40 laborers suddenly replaced with one shepherd,So these are things that I think affects particularly interest in the same way that, you know, Uber opposition to Uber, isn't Israel, Haley about kind of general opposition to that kind of [00:51:00] technology. It's usually a kind of just opposition by taxi drivers. Having invested a lot of money in getting these rents and being like, you know, what the hell I've, I've invested all that money. And you're telling me this was for nothing. And I could have just gone and use this app. , Which is understandable, right? It's, it's something that you see throughout. And so I think, you know, a lot of the time when I see this and you see this throughout history as well, I often see something being like, so, and so inventor was rejected by the emperor of China, the emperor of Turkey, or. The queen list with the first. And so they went abroad and took their invention elsewhere. And the moment you actually start to dig into the details of those, they're either completely apocryphal or they're much more about the specifics of the invention and not about inventors in general. , I very rarely come across cases where people are just anti novelty. Because if you're [00:52:00] anti novelty in one direction, you might actually be very pro novelty and other ones, right? The kinds of people who might be very unhappy about things, look, call center to call an employment, probably perfectly happy to have new designs for the silks they're going to wear. You know, there's novelty as a whole is Jen is I think it's we over overanalyze it, we over kind of label it, like creating this kind of fake. We in the same way that I disliked discussions before the scientific revolution or, you know, big, broad terms that cover these huge sweeping things or individualism. Right. I find these very difficult concepts to get my head around because when I actually. Think okay. How would I use this myself? I kind of can put the Gates a bit of a problem now, even industrial revolution to even define it. You require an essay. So, yeah, so, so the upshot is, is it's actually like much more nuanced and complicated. , [00:53:00] Man, I, this is like, this is like the historian's buzzkill. Right? Which is like, you've covered this great theory. I'm sorry. Well, I think it's something that happens a lot and weirdly I think I'm off historians, actually, a lot more willing to entertain the broad sweeping theories. Cause I think, you know, they, they do, I mean, certainly have a certain sort of historian, right? Those who are brought up in the economic history or the Marxist and various other traditions or the long duration kind of traditions, they certainly have these, these broad sweeping theories and they like to tinker with those. , but there's also a lot of historians who are much more specific. And I think you do need a bit of both that, that. But you've got, when you do use it, who's you or your boss killing bit by saying actually it's more complicated than that. , I think that's best when put in relation to the theory as a whole. Yeah. So it should be telling us about our general mental models of how the world works. So yeah, for me, that my [00:54:00] problem with a lot of these Luddite things is they, they kind of give me this instinctual kind of, I don't know if it's such a big. Battle,in that particular way, I mean, actually to give you an example that I've just been writing about right now, just before we started the podcast, I've been reading the work of Daniel Defoe, so famous for Robinson Crusoe,and to foe is both pro improvement and yet seemingly very anti particular forms of technology. Right. The whole book that I've been reading, which is a tour through the islands of great Britain. Is him just going all around Britain and commenting on the recent things that have happened, the economic growth, the improvements, the land, you know, the, the, the change, the changes to manufacture, how many more people are now being employed. And they were formally, you know, how much more trade is going on in these sports. And he's excited about this stuff. He thinks that improvement as a whole is a good thing. He's pro I would say he's a [00:55:00] pro improvement technology. Awesome. Yeah. And yet when you come to specifics, like. The stocking frame. He is lamenting the fact that it's made certain whole villages completely unemployed. Yeah. Cause the, the, the, the economy, that's all the kind of where the growth is, has shifted to other places where those frames were being applied earlier. I mean, he's even talking, you know, very in favor of bands or imported. Silks and important cottons because it affects the wool, the fine wool industry and East Anglia. , and so this isn't his, it's not like he's anti openness or anti, I mean, he's a pro-trade person. I mean, he's someone who is extremely pro-immigration,who was trying to create these settlements almost like charter cities for religious written political refugees in the early 18th century. And yet. When it comes to those specific things, he can still [00:56:00] think that's a bad thing. It's not inconsistent for that. So I guess that's what I mean, there is that we, we should be careful about labeling people as Luddites or anti-technology I guess, where that's interesting though, is that you do at the same time, have certain people who I guess from an ideological perspective will be quite panty. Those things, but they're rarely workers. They're rarely people who are directly affected. I mean, I guess like to a lot of your listeners, it's going to be the kind of. The, I guess, increasing email, traditional feeling between journalists who cover technology and technologists, right. That you see a lot of the kinds of critiques. And I've noticed on Twitter that have that all of this kind of a growing vehemence like that. And that's, that's, that's interesting, right? , and I don't know if that's ideological or, or if it's just the journalists, I find good stories and good stories are usually negative or they involve, I have [00:57:00] people. So if you're put in charge of technology, you're going to be looking for bad people,in particular sectors. And so that might color your whole view. Of the sector, or if you're, if you're asked to come up with the kind of general op-ed about what the state of what's going on, you're probably going to come up with like the bad things that happen, the things to be careful. So, yeah, again, I don't think that's necessarily like anti technologist and I mean, to a certain extent, those people are probably pro a lot of the kinds of technologies that are coming up. They're certainly using them often as well. I think, I think the problem with. Having so much nuance is that it really involves like sitting down and like talking to people and like really trying to understand them and people,often don't want to spend the time doing that. the last question I always like to ask people is,what is something that people you think should be thinking about that they're not thinking enough about. [00:58:00] In a historical way in this is, this is your  or just anything like this. This is your, I think of this as sort of like the, the open, open podium. , no pressure, no pressure at all. It's an interesting one. I guess that changes day by day for me as to what I think people should be thinking more about. Yeah. Well, what about today? Today. I mean, the, the main general one is that, and this, I guess isn't probably as targeted as your usual audience, but as a more general thing is it would be nice if people appreciated technology a bit more and they thought about its evolution a bit more,Or even just the people who were involved in making those things possible. I mean, if you just look around the room that you're in right now, or the space that you're in right now, like the, the nearly everything in it [00:59:00] regarding whether it's actually manufacturer even natural as involved someone doing a bit of tinkering. I mean, I'm looking at a house plot right now and thinking to myself, okay, what even allowed this plant to be here. That's always, certainly not native to England. It's you know, so it probably involves perhaps, you know, greenhouse technology, it involved all sorts of glass, making that in involved people learning how to cultivate it, spreading that knowledge of cultivation probably involves fertilizer improvements. You know, the, the, the, the capacity of improvement is almost infinite. , I guess, I guess this is a kind of other general thing that maybe you'll usual listeners will also be kind of more interested in, which is that, you know, a lot of what we can improve. Isn't just about efficiency. It isn't just about making things cheaper or work faster or work better. , it can, or even simplifying things, which I imagine a lot of people do. It's also about [01:00:00] aesthetics. It's also about beauty. It's also about. Capacity of things to provoke, meaning I guess, or interpretations of a particular kind. , which sounds a bit fluffy. , but I don't think it is. I think, you know, a lot of, a lot of improvement that takes place happens along these kind of unexpected. Lines,where it's, you know, maybe just something like increasing the variety of plants in your garden, you know, in the 17th century, unexpectedly leads to dramatic improvements in agricultural productivity a hundred years later because of the sorts of things that you had to problem solve to do that. I mean, just today I was reading or yesterday I was reading about the first orange trees in England and how. When those were introduced, you know, during the winter they created a sort of shed that would have been put up all of the trees to protect them from the frost. And that actually, you know, does have an impact later on in the kinds of multicultural development that you get later on as well. So yeah, I [01:01:00] guess that's a kind of be open to those artists affected. I wish people were more open to those unexpected avenues for invention.

Season 12, Episode 7. Ngaji Filsafat - Dr. Fahruddin Faiz Ibnu Bajjah (ابن باجة) atau lengkapnya Abu Bakar Muhammad bin Yahya bin ash-Shayigh at-Tujibi bin Bajjah (أبو بكر محمد بن يحيى بن الصايغ) adalah seorang astronom, filsuf, musisi, dokter, fisikawan, psikolog, botanis, sastrawan, dan ilmuwan Muslim Andalusia yang dikenal di Barat dengan nama Latinnya, Avempace. Ia lahir di Zaragoza, tempat yang kini bernama Spanyol, dan meninggal di Fez pada 1138. Pemikirannya memiliki pengaruh yang jelas pada Ibnu Rusyd dan Albertus Magnus. Kebanyakan buku dan tulisannya tidak lengkap (atau teratur baik) karena kematiannya yang cepat. Ia memiliki pengetahuan yang luas pada kedokteran, Matematika, dan Astronomi. Sumbangan utamanya pada filsafat Islam ialah gagasannya pada Fenomenologi Jiwa, namun sayangnya tak lengkap. Ekspresi yang dicintainya ialah Gharib (غريب) dan Motivahhed (متوح), ekspresi yang diakui dan terkenal dari Gnostik Islam.

In Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood, alchemy is the most practiced science in this universe, allowing people to reformulate matter through the knowledge of its chemical makeup. Two brothers, Edward and Alphonse Elric, travel as itinerant alchemists to atone for their failure to resurrect their deceased mother using a forbidden technique called "human transmutation.” Determined to get their bodies back, they set off on a journey in search of the Philosopher's Stone only to discover the dark secrets of alchemy. But how does a Catholic deal with the manipulation of the laws of nature in the world of Alchemy? How did St. Thomas Aquinas, Albertus Magnus, and Friar Roger Bacon deal with the pursuit of Truth through their observations of nature? Today we explore faith and science in the world of the alchemists.

In this episode, Emma looks at Shelley's criticisms of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, as well as references to historical figures for your AP English Lit exam. She looks at Paracelsus, Albertus Magnus and Cornelius Agrippa. Ideal for preparing you for your AP English Literature & Composition Exam. Click here for the full course, or visit this link: http://bit.ly/2FAkiv6

Fast-paced intro to the History of Mysticism in under 10, strap in • (Prehistory) Birth – One with Nature - 1:17Animism, Shamanism, Indigenous/Native Traditions, Egyptian, Proto Indo-Iranian, Proto Indo-European, Vedic and Mesopotamian Religion • (1000BCE) Infancy - 1:36Judaism, Hinduism, Jainism, Zoroaster, Greco-Roman Mysteries • (500bce) Discovering Self - 2:07Upanishads, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Hebrew prophets Jeremiah and Ezekiel, Greek Philosophers Pythagoras, Parmenedies and Plato, Taoism - Lao tzu • (0) Rebellious age - 3:08Early Jewish Mysticism: Essenes, Qumran, Hasideans, Therapeutae, Apocalypticism, Merkava, Hechalot. Philo - Middle Platonism. Early Christian Mysticism: Paul, Ignatius, Irenaeus, Origen, Augustine, Pseudo Dionysius, Christian East: Maximus the Confessor. Gnosticism and Hermeticism. Neoplatonism: Plotinus, Porphyry, Iamblichus. East: The Bhagavad Gita. Theravada and later Mahayana Buddhism • (5th – 10th/11th) Dark Night / Death of Mysticism - 4:14One exception in the West: John Scotus. Sufism: Al-Hallaj and Al-Farabi. East: Shankara, Advaita Vedanta. Zen and Tibetan Buddhism • (12th-15th) the Rebirth – Renaissance - 5:14Christian Mystics: Francis of Assisi, Albertus Magnus, Mesiter Ekhart, Raymond Llull, Nicolas of Cusa. Jewish Mystics: Ibn Gabirol, Isaac the Blind, Chasidei Ashkenaz, Eleazar of Worms, Avrohom ben HaRambam, Azriel of Gerona, Avrohom Abulafia, Nahmanides, Publicising of the Zohar, Joseph Gikatilla's Shaarei Orah. Sufis: Rumi, Ibn Arabi. Sikhism. Christian Kabbalists: Marsilo Ficino, Pico della Mirandola, Giordano Bruno • (1500s) Growth - 6:14Safed Kabbalists: Joseph Karo, Shlomo Alkabetz, Moses Cordovero, Isaac Luria, Hayim Vital. Christian Mystics: Ignatius of Loyola, Teresa of Avila, John of the Cross • (1600s) - 6:45Spinoza - Pantheism. George Fox - Quakers. Mulla Sadra - Illuminationism • (18th) Enlightenment – Waking up, Mirror Phase Newton, Rosicrucianism, Swedenborg, William Blake, Yisrael Baal Shem - Hasidism, Jakob Böhme - Bohemian Theosophy. Idealism & Romanticism: Berkeley, Fichte, Schelling, Hegel and Schopenhauer • (1800s) - 7:32Transcendentalism, Emerson and Thoreau. Occultism: Eliphas Levi, Madam Blavatsky and Manly P. Hall - Theosophical Society • (1900s) Rudolf Steiner - Anthroposophy, Gurdjieff - Fourth Way, René Guénon - Traditionalism. Modern Perennialists: William Jame, Aldous Huxley. Neohasidism: Hillel Zeitlin, Martin Buber, Avraham Yeshua Heschel, Zalman Schecher-Shalomi. Buddhist Modernism and NeoVedanta: Alan Watts, Professor Suzuki, Christmas Humphreys. New Age. Modern study of Mysticism • [Summary] - 7:55 • (2019:) You #ProjectUnity Let me know which of these periods, traditions, movements or mystics you want to hear covered in a future episode. --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app

It's high time we tackled the big V. That's right, Abby and Sam are talking maidenhood taking, cherry popping, V card stamping and deflowering so bring your critical thinking sledge-hammers to crack open chastity belts worldwide. The book this week was a gift from a friend whom Abby will never forgive, and we pose the question; exactly what is “virginity” and why should we care?Bonus fun podcast activity: look up synonyms for virginity and rage my fellow booksluts. Raaaaage.References for nerdy sluts:The Latin Book Sam references in relation to historical tests of virginity is called De Secretis Mulierum, or 'Women's Secrets,' frequently attributed to Albertus Magnus, from the 13th or 14th Century. The research Sam refers to is from Laura M. Carpenter :"The ambiguity of “having sex”: The subjective experience of virginity loss in the United States." Journal of Sex Research 38, no. 2 (2001): 127-139.A big thank you and shout out to our talented friends: Original BOOKSLUT artwork by Brady King and music by Ankle Injuries ft. the sexy voice of Tace Kelly. https://soundcloud.com/ankleinjuriesOther music from: Yesterday's Secret by texasradiofish (c) copyright 2018 Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial (3.0) license. Our GDPR privacy policy was updated on August 8, 2022. Visit acast.com/privacy for more information.

This episode covers the rest of the outstanding Christian Thinkers of the 13th Century. We will cover the Fourth Lateran Council, Bonaventure, John Duns, Scotus, and Albert MagnusI used the following sources:"In the Year of our Lord" by SInclair Fergusonhttps://www.amazon.com/Year-Our-Lord-Reflections-Centuries-ebook/dp/B07GTDRSX3/ref=sr_1_2_sspa?keywords=Sinclair+ferguson+AD&qid=1579476273&sr=8-2-spons&psc=1&spLa=ZW5jcnlwdGVkUXVhbGlmaWVyPUEyWjJZNlNPT1U2TENBJmVuY3J5cHRlZElkPUEwMTA1NDUyV1RDRUZEVEpaV1VTJmVuY3J5cHRlZEFkSWQ9QTA0ODI4NjkyVDJHSUhZMjVXQTZGJndpZGdldE5hbWU9c3BfbXRmJmFjdGlvbj1jbGlja1JlZGlyZWN0JmRvTm90TG9nQ2xpY2s9dHJ1ZQ=="A Concise History of Christian Thought" by Tony Lanehttps://www.amazon.com/Concise-History-Christian-Thought/dp/0801031591/ref=sr_1_fkmr2_1?keywords=Christian+Thinkers+Tony+Lane&qid=1579476358&sr=8-1-fkmr2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albertus_Magnus

On this episode, Brian and Emma sit down to talk about some more scary creatures. Each of them brings a description of a monster and the other uses their knowledge of the creepy to guess what it is. Join along in the fun and take a guess for yourself. Enjoy! Want to get in touch with us? For work related inquires and suggestions for the show: murdermirthmonsters@gmail.com Twitter: @MirthAndMurder   Sources for this episode: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilisk https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albertus_Magnus https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fouke_Monster http://www.foukemonster.net https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/fouke-monster-2212/

This week's episode revolves around St. Thomas Aquinas, starting off with Christine absolutely fan-girling over Thomas' teacher and mentor, St. Albertus Magnus. Seth and Erica follow my discussing Thomas, his Summa Theologica, and the most essential things to know about what Thomas meant to Western Civ, Christian thought, and what he actually wrote.Also mentioned in this Episode: Frankenstein, Mary Shelley, Dante, The Avengers, Tony Stark, Brice Banner, JARVIS, Alchemy, Nicholas Flamel, The Philosopher's Stone, Harry Potter, robots, androids, Fat Saints, Jacked Saints, Steampunk, Mad Scientists, Science, Dominicans, arsenic, photography, sailors, Abelard, Pseudo-Dionysius, Pirated Language, Law, Natural Law, Human Law, Divine Law, Eternal Law, Christine's Amazing Hair day, many cheetos possibly being stolen, bonobos, chimpanzees, r/K Selection Theory, and pretzels.

What are the 4 properties of sound waves? Sound waves are often simplified to a description in terms of sinusoidal plane waves, which are characterized by these generic properties: Frequency, or its inverse, wavelength. Amplitude, sound pressure or Intensity. Speed of sound. Direction. Audio oscillator Featured snippet from the web Oscillators generate sound by, er, oscillating. That is, their circuitry basically changes or oscillates between two states very quickly, and just as a vibrating string produces a sound, so the oscillating electronic circuit generates a waveform that can be amplified and used as a sound source. #HowSynthesizersWork BY JEFF HARDER #Synthesizer Components Jay Blakesberg/Workbook Stock/Getty Images Jay Blakesberg/Workbook Stock/Getty Images WHAT MANY MUSIC BUFFS THINK OF WHEN THEY HEAR THE WORD "SYNTHESIZER." Even though many synthesizers possess the ebony and ivory keyboard of a piano, the rest of the machine -- a chassis lined with knobs, dials and switches -- looks more like it belongs in a garage instead of a concert hall. Nonetheless, the synthesizer contains the same two components as almost any other instrument: a generator and a resonator. Think of a violin, for example: the strings and the bow are the generator, and the body of the violin is the resonator [source: Rhea]. On a synthesizer, the generator is the oscillator, and the resonator is the filter. For starters, let's look at the basic parts of a classic analog synthesizer. (We'll talk about digital synthesizers later.) Analog synthesizers generate their sounds by manipulating electric voltages. The oscillator shapes the voltage to produce a steady pitch at a given frequency, which determines the basic waveform that will be processed elsewhere in the synthesizer. The oscillator can be controlled by the keys similar to a piano keyboard, a revolving pitch wheel or another tool on the synthesizer's interface. The oscillator feeds the signal to the filter, and the musician turns knobs and dials to set parameters around the frequencies of a sound -- for instance, eliminating and emphasizing specific frequencies like we talked about earlier. The sound passes from the filter to the amplifier, which controls the volume of the sound. The amplifier generally includes a series of envelope controls, which help determine the nuances in volume level over the lifespan of a note. In an analog synthesizer, each of these pitch, tone color and loudness functions is organized into a module, or a unit intended for a specialized purpose. The earliest modules were encased in their own individual housings. Each module creates a particular signal, or processes it in a particular way, and by connecting these modules together, the musician can layer, process and change the sounds into something different. Now that we know about #howsynthesizerswork, let's look back at their history. History Long before the invention of electronic signal processing, some people tried to build machines to emulate human speech. Some early legends of the existence of "Brazen Heads" involved Pope Silvester II (d. 1003 AD), Albertus Magnus (1198–1280), and Roger Bacon (1214–1294). In 1779 the German-Danish scientist Christian Gottlieb Kratzenstein won the first prize in a competition announced by the Russian Imperial Academy of Sciences and Arts for models he built of the human vocal tract that could produce the five long vowel sounds (in International Phonetic Alphabet notation: [aː], [eː], [iː], [oː] and [uː]).[5] There followed the bellows-operated "acoustic-mechanical speech machine" of Wolfgang von Kempelen of Pressburg, Hungary, described in a 1791 paper.[6] This machine added models of the tongue and lips, enabling it to produce consonants as well as vowels. --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/vegansteven/message

Albertus Magnus coach Mitch Oliver talks about his team, his program and how to navigate the wild world of college basketball recruiting. Plus, Joe and Sean eulogize Sheila Beneski, the first lady of CT basketball. Rundown: 0:00 — Opening Montage: Trumbull ends Staples' unbeaten start (Trumbull's Mileeq Green, coach Buddy Bray). 0:51 -- Recapping the week that was: East Catholic wins big at Hoophall, Windsor survives. The latest Top 10 Poll. 14:34 -- Remembering Sheila Beneski, the First Lady of Connecticut HS Basketball. 21:58 -- Interview with Albertus Magnus coach Mitch Oliver. 56:02 -- Wrapping up, games to watch this week.

What are the 4 properties of sound waves? Sound waves are often simplified to a description in terms of sinusoidal plane waves, which are characterized by these generic properties: Frequency, or its inverse, wavelength. Amplitude, sound pressure or Intensity. Speed of sound. Direction. Audio oscillator Featured snippet from the web Oscillators generate sound by, er, oscillating. That is, their circuitry basically changes or oscillates between two states very quickly, and just as a vibrating string produces a sound, so the oscillating electronic circuit generates a waveform that can be amplified and used as a sound source. #HowSynthesizersWork BY JEFF HARDER #Synthesizer Components Jay Blakesberg/Workbook Stock/Getty Images Jay Blakesberg/Workbook Stock/Getty Images WHAT MANY MUSIC BUFFS THINK OF WHEN THEY HEAR THE WORD "SYNTHESIZER." Even though many synthesizers possess the ebony and ivory keyboard of a piano, the rest of the machine -- a chassis lined with knobs, dials and switches -- looks more like it belongs in a garage instead of a concert hall. Nonetheless, the synthesizer contains the same two components as almost any other instrument: a generator and a resonator. Think of a violin, for example: the strings and the bow are the generator, and the body of the violin is the resonator [source: Rhea]. On a synthesizer, the generator is the oscillator, and the resonator is the filter. For starters, let's look at the basic parts of a classic analog synthesizer. (We'll talk about digital synthesizers later.) Analog synthesizers generate their sounds by manipulating electric voltages. The oscillator shapes the voltage to produce a steady pitch at a given frequency, which determines the basic waveform that will be processed elsewhere in the synthesizer. The oscillator can be controlled by the keys similar to a piano keyboard, a revolving pitch wheel or another tool on the synthesizer's interface. The oscillator feeds the signal to the filter, and the musician turns knobs and dials to set parameters around the frequencies of a sound -- for instance, eliminating and emphasizing specific frequencies like we talked about earlier. The sound passes from the filter to the amplifier, which controls the volume of the sound. The amplifier generally includes a series of envelope controls, which help determine the nuances in volume level over the lifespan of a note. In an analog synthesizer, each of these pitch, tone color and loudness functions is organized into a module, or a unit intended for a specialized purpose. The earliest modules were encased in their own individual housings. Each module creates a particular signal, or processes it in a particular way, and by connecting these modules together, the musician can layer, process and change the sounds into something different. Now that we know about #howsynthesizerswork, let's look back at their history. History Long before the invention of electronic signal processing, some people tried to build machines to emulate human speech. Some early legends of the existence of "Brazen Heads" involved Pope Silvester II (d. 1003 AD), Albertus Magnus (1198–1280), and Roger Bacon (1214–1294). In 1779 the German-Danish scientist Christian Gottlieb Kratzenstein won the first prize in a competition announced by the Russian Imperial Academy of Sciences and Arts for models he built of the human vocal tract that could produce the five long vowel sounds (in International Phonetic Alphabet notation: [aː], [eː], [iː], [oː] and [uː]).[5] There followed the bellows-operated "acoustic-mechanical speech machine" of Wolfgang von Kempelen of Pressburg, Hungary, described in a 1791 paper.[6] This machine added models of the tongue and lips, enabling it to produce consonants as well as vowels. --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/vegansteven/message

»Kommunikation garantiert das Gleichgewicht in einer Stadt.« Mit dieser für seine Zeit überraschend modernen Überzeugung tritt Albertus Magnus vermutlich im Jahre 1257 in Augsburg auf und wirbt an vielen Orten in der Stadt für seine Position.

Frankenstein by Mary Shelley Chapter 2 Elizabeth and Victor grow up together as best friends. Victor’s friendship with Henry Clerval, a schoolmate and only child, flourishes as well, and he spends his childhood happily surrounded by this close domestic circle. As a teenager, Victor becomes increasingly fascinated by the mysteries of the natural world. He chances upon a book by Cornelius Agrippa, a sixteenth-century scholar of the occult sciences, and becomes interested in natural philosophy. He studies the outdated findings of the alchemists Agrippa, Paracelsus, and Albertus Magnus with enthusiasm. He witnesses the destructive power of nature when, during a raging storm, lightning destroys a tree near his house. A modern natural philosopher accompanying the Frankenstein family explains to Victor the workings of electricity, making the ideas of the alchemists seem outdated and worthless. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/hmphaudiobooks/support

Das Geläute der katholischen Pfarrkirche St. Albertus Magnus, das im hohen, quadratischen Turm erklingt, hat vier Glocken. Die kleinste und älteste Marienglocke wurde 1752 in Amberg gegossen.

This morning John Voket and the award-winning For the People opens with former State Trooper and Albertus Magnus College educator who is hosting a Criminal Justice Camp this week. Then we talk with the CT League of Conservation Voters about how our state's environment fared as a result of legislation that was passed - and passed over - in the recently concluded biennial session. And we're going to close meeting the grassroots organizers launching an initiative to support and assist individuals here in Connecticut who are challenged by disabilities.

Kelly and Andrew explore the influence of the planets in their lives and the lives of their clients. Sharing ideas about Uranus moving into Taurus. They also talk about the possibilities and limits of resolving challenges with more difficult placements. They also laugh a lot! Think about how much you've enjoyed the podcast and how many episodes you listened to, and consider if it is time to support the Patreon You can do so here. If you want more of this in your life you can subscribe by Spotofy, RSS , iTunes, Stitcher, or email. You can follow Kelly's work here.  Andrew's fundraiser is located here or using andrew@thehermitslamp.com to send money via PayPal or transfer.  Thanks for joining the conversation. Please share the podcast to help us grow and change the world.  Andrew You can book time with Andrew through his site here.  Transcript  ANDREW: [00:00:02] Welcome to The Hermit's Lamp podcast. I'm hanging out today with Kelly Surtees, who is an astrologer, and someone that I've known for, you know, at least a decade, I'd say now a bit longer. And [00:00:17] their approach is really interesting to me because they're super smart about what they do, but they have a great sense of humor about it as well. You know, there's a way in which they seem [00:00:32] to me to continue to laugh and enjoy life and all of those things even when talking about intellectual stuff or hard stuff or whatever and I think that that's a trait that I super admire and [00:00:47] try and kind of hold in myself as I go through all of life's ups and downs and so on. But you know, hey Kelly, for people who don't know you, why don't you introduce yourself? Who are you?  KELLY: Hey Andrew, well, I'm Australian, which might be obvious now [00:01:02] that I started talking. I married a Canadian and so I live, currently, just outside Toronto, but I'm an astrologer, probably what people are more curious about, and I've been an astrologer full-time professionally for nearly 20 years, [00:01:17] so it has been my life's work.  I came to astrology very young, not because anyone in my family was interested in astrology, but because I was, and I started learning the basics when I was 10, 11 years old, back [00:01:32] in Sydney where it was a lot warmer than where we are now, and carried on with my sort of personal exploration. It was style of astrology through my teenage years and then in my early twenties, I actually signed up to do a massage therapy [00:01:47] training course and the college I was studying at in Sydney offered an astrology training program, which just had never occurred to me was a thing. So that's kind of how I got started, and what I do today is, I work with clients and students around the world, [00:02:02] I do one-on-one consults in astrology, but primarily what I'm doing more and more of these days is teaching the next generation of astrologists through my online training programs.  ANDREW: Amazing. So before we, before we were recording [00:02:17] here, we started kind of talking about astrology and we were talking about the history and the way in which sort of history and tradition and sort of practice all flow together, and I think that I'd [00:02:32] love to kind of try and pick that up and talk about that a little bit, right?  KELLY: Yeah.  ANDREW: You know, what, where did your, where did your astrology start? Like what kind of, did you start out studying older forms? Did you, did you...? KELLY: Absolutely not. Not, I started with a [00:02:47] very modern psychological astrology, which was hugely popular in the 80s and 90s, like 1980s, 1990s. I started studying astrology in the late 1990s. And yeah, just had a very, [00:03:02] I would say, a very modern introduction to psychological, almost evolutionary, components in astrology. And that was great, it got me started got me into my practice, and it was when I attended my first astrology conference, which was the FAA [00:03:17] conference in Melbourne, I think in 2004, that I was lucky enough to hear people like Demetra George, John Frawley, and Lee Lehman speak, who are very well respected astrologers who all practice slightly different forms of mediaeval [00:03:32] or traditional astrology, and connecting with those teachers really aroused my interest in things like, where did some of these things we use in astrology come from? Like who first created the houses, for instance? Or why is [00:03:47] this planet associated with the things that it is associated with? So yeah, I would say within, you know, the first five years of starting my practice, that had become a real interest for me and that was like going down the rabbit hole.  ANDREW: Yeah, for [00:04:02] sure. I think that there's, there's always this question about that kind of stuff for me, which is really like, where, how far down do we go? KELLY: Yeah. ANDREW: You know, starting, starting out for me, you know my interest in astrology [00:04:17] came out of you know, studying Aleister Crowley and studying his magical systems. And so, you know, it was a lot of magic and ideas around the inner planets predominantly, you know. KELLY: Yes. ANDREW: And you know, and sort [00:04:32] of like working with that and looking at that as a magical model and so on. But you know, as you start digging in and you start looking back, you're like: Okay. Well, where does that come from? And what is that? How far does that go? What, where is the source from which that wisdom [00:04:47] comes from? You know? And I think it's such a, such an interesting and challenging question to kind of slide into, you know?  KELLY: It's a huge question, because it, you know, something… To try and answer that for astrology [00:05:02] takes you back to the origins of philosophy, to the origins of mathematics, you know, things like wondering why we've associated a particular physical thing or phenomenon with a certain emotional experience [00:05:17] or a certain philosophical construct. So when you dive into these origin stories, if you like, of some of the magical practices, you are almost going back to the dawn of human thought and human ideas and that can [00:05:32] be a very broad research project, because then you're not just learning explicitly about the origins of astrology. You're actually reading, you know, ancient philosophers, and you might be reading some of the original mathematicians to get a sense on why [00:05:47] they did what they did and where they were coming from.  ANDREW: Mm-hmm. Yeah, and I think it's so important to also try and understand, it's not just about what they said, which is certainly important. But it's also, [00:06:02] what were they? What were they thinking? How were they thinking about it too? Right? Because you know, like in a divination class that I've been taking with one of my elders, we were discussing how, you know, a hundred and fifty years ago, [00:06:18] the scope of life's experiences, that we needed to speak about in divination, were equally complex probably on the human front, but on the practical fronts, were much narrower in some ways, you know? The range [00:06:33] of human experience and the range of things we have access to is so different. And then you know, when we go back to, like, what was it like in ancient Greece and what was it like in, you know, here, there, or wherever, you know? Yeah, it's hard to even, I think, understand [00:06:48] exactly how they considered certain things.  KELLY: Yeah. That's a . . . That's a really great point. I mean, two topics that come to my mind. One of them is, in the older literature on astrology, there's a lot of questions and a lot of detail around dealing with [00:07:03] ships and dealing with crops. So there's a lot of, you know, what indicates shipwreck? Or is my ship going to come in? And that seems a bit weird to a modern person, because why are they so obsessed with ships? But then you have to remind yourself that [00:07:18] many, many hundreds and thousands of years ago, ships were actually the primary form of transport. We didn't have trains or planes or obviously automobiles... ANDREW: Yeah. KELLY: And just to your point there, you do kind of have to almost put yourself back into: What was life like, two [00:07:33] thousand, two and a half thousand years ago, when things like crops were more likely to perhaps fail, water quality was a massive issue because that obviously led to the spread of disease or illness, life expectancy [00:07:48] was shorter, things like pregnancy were life threatening, in many cases, for women, and many more babies died, you know, in the first 12 months of their life then do today with modern medicine. So a lot of the questions and a lot of the, their life, if [00:08:03] you like, just to almost give a superficial summary, they lived a lot more, closer to the line of life and death than what we do today. And one of the kind of attacks against older forms of astrology is that it's so fated, you know, [00:08:18] and it's so deterministic, but the intention was to try and give clearer answers about really meaningful topics that were, you know, more touch-and-go than what they might be today.  ANDREW: So where [00:08:33] do you, where do you fall on the sort of fated spectrum of things?  KELLY: Oh, this is a really good question. And I've thought about it because it does come up. I have any . . . . ANDREW: Yeah!  KELLY: Over the years. There's a beautiful quote. I think it's by Albertus Magnus, [00:08:48] who says something like, actually, maybe instead of bastardizing it. That's how you know, you're an absolute asteroid nerd, that you have books like this handy, [00:09:03] because there's, he has a beautiful quote that I kind of . . . . When I first discovered this quote, however many years ago, it really helped me clarify my own answer to the fate versus free will argument. So he says, "There is in [00:09:18] man a double spring of action, namely nature and the will, and nature for its part is ruled by the stars, while the will is free. But unless it, the will, resists, it is swept along by nature and becomes [00:09:33] mechanical."  And that idea, like fate is sort of your, your nature, or what's kind of ruled by the stars, and the free will to my mind is our very human thinking, you know, application of effort, and I've seen [00:09:48] this in chart work with clients and students over the years now, enough that I know it to be true. That your birth chart might be, if it's almost like a map of your fate and if you do nothing, if you just allow the fate to manifest freely and purely, [00:10:03] it can give very clear sense of this area of life flows, and that's where you have success, and this area of life is where you're going to hit blocks after blocks. But if you choose to apply your free will, I'm not saying that anyone can make anything [00:10:18] happen because I don't actually believe that's true.  ANDREW: Sure. KELLY: But I do think that there are certain topics, as indicated by the chart, where the application of one's effort, aka free will, can move the needle from completely dissatisfying [00:10:33] to perhaps somewhat satisfying or maybe from somewhat satisfying to more fulfilling. There are some topics in some charts that that have a bit of a firm no and that sort of response. So I do think we [00:10:48] have free will within a scope, if that makes sense.  ANDREW: Yeah.  KELLY: Yeah. ANDREW: Yeah, I think people come--because I do predictive card reading, right? KELLY: Yes. ANDREW: People are always like, where does, where's my free will? Like, [00:11:03] you know? Or they're like, well, just tell me how it's going to be. I'm like, well, in this case, it's a free will issue. How do you want it to be? In this case it's not a free will issue. You know? KELLY: Yeah, I think that's, that's a beautiful way of describing it. I mean, I've looked and worked with clients over the years and I've beautifully been blessed to have [00:11:18] a couple of clients allow me to share some of their chart work in my teaching. But I have a handful of clients who have been single their whole lives, and whatever they have tried or not tried or maybe they haven't even been interested. The topic of relationships [00:11:33] has simply not come alive for them. And there are ways to see things like that in the chart, and then there are other charts where it's like, there are some challenges here, but if you put the effort in, you got to be able to get a little bit more. But I like how you summarized [00:11:48] it there, that there are some topics that are kind of fated, and a little bit out of our hands and there are others where it's like, you can move the needle on this, if you desire it enough. Yeah.  ANDREW: Yeah. I often think of [00:12:03] it this way: You know, so, we live on a planet with seven point whatever billion people.  KELLY: Yeah. ANDREW: All of those people are seeking to exert their free will.  KELLY: Yes. ANDREW: However, you know, everybody is to a greater or lesser extent [00:12:18] acting based on culture, which is, which is a force that, you know, if it's internalized and not undone, you know, it's just like fate, right? You know, like the cultural bias or cultural experiences or cultural expectations, [00:12:33] right? KELLY: Even family conditioning.  ANDREW: Right? Well, that was going to be the next thing, right? Like, you know, our baggage, our personal baggage, right? And then we're, so, we're not only trying to exert free will, but we're trying to exert free will into the sphere where everybody else is exerting [00:12:48] those forces and maybe some degree of their own free will, and then there's some amount of chaos in the system, and then there's some fixed points, and it's like, so how much, how free is that free will? And I think, you know, maybe it's, you know, [00:13:03] as we're talking about it, I think it's a carryover from my time being so focused on Crowley's kind of magic of cultivating the will and building the capacity, you know, in the way that that quote talks about, right? Like, you know, it's like, how [00:13:18] free can we become from those things? The answer is, never free.  KELLY: Yeah. ANDREW: Fully. But like, we can create a lot more space and in many areas of our life, maybe we can create a lot more space so that then we can kind of act, choose, [00:13:33] or discover where we are aligned better maybe? You know?  KELLY: Yeah, and I think that's a huge part of any type of magical healing work, whether it's astrology or tarot, or other ritual practices. One of the things that [00:13:48] Dimetra George said in this very first conference years ago, which has stuck with me, she described that it's partly the astrologist's job to help the client understand the areas of their life that are most likely indicated flowing [00:14:03] fulfillment, and the areas of their life that are less likely to give a reward or sense of satisfaction relevant to the amount of effort that they might put in, and I think that's, you know, sort [00:14:18] of, to what you're speaking about here--We're speaking about. We can influence certain things to a certain extent, but you made a great point, like the 7 billion people, all trying to influence certain things. We [00:14:33] can't all get everything. It's just, it's not the way things are built. I won't have as many children as Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie, no matter how hard I try, that's just not part of my experience, [00:14:48] and other people might be like, but I want, you know, the wealth of Bill Gates or Warren Buffett or what have you and like, that's not, you know, so part of our work is to help guide people. Like you might think that you want these things. It doesn't really bring you fulfillment. Like there is an exploration [00:15:03] around the self-awareness, self-knowing, like knowing the self and moving beneath some of the things that we think we want, to get in touch with the things that really make us all come alive.  ANDREW: For sure. Yeah and I know for me too, you [00:15:18] know, like because I spent a lot of time, especially magically, but you know, definitely in other ways too, kind of working to counterbalance the, you know, tendencies in my chart or the things that are more problematic there.  KELLY: Yeah.  ANDREW: But even [00:15:33] at that, you know, like, you know, like my placement of Saturn is just, you know, it's a it's a recurrent point of friction for me. And that's probably never going to change. I can see it coming. I can see it coming more now. I [00:15:48] can have better strategies for dealing with it when it kind of like, brings up its thing. I can make some degree of better choices in advance. But you know, it's sort of, it's a, it's a, it's in a place where it [00:16:03] just kind of continuously causes a certain kind of friction in my life. And you know, the reality is, it's like, well, I've just got to roll with that, I've just got to accept that, and I've got to learn to to see it and roll with it and move through [00:16:18] it and to not hold onto it. And, and even kind of at this point, you know, I used to think that I would eventually kind of like learn the lesson of that position and and be free of it in a sense, and I've even caught a move past that where I'm like, [00:16:33] I don't even think that-- I'm sure there are lessons that I will continue to learn about it.  KELLY: Yeah. ANDREW: But I think that, that that's also a wrong idea. I think that, you know, stuff like, some of the aspects are just about straight up acceptance, you know, and just be like, look [00:16:48] at that. That's just the way it's going to be. Stop hoping it's going to be different.  KELLY: Yeah.  ANDREW: And then see what changes, you know?  KELLY: Well, that is a really powerful piece. I mean, it reminds me of people who are like, I wish I was taller or I wish I was shorter or I wish I had, you know, different, [00:17:03] I mean, you can probably change your hair or your boobs or what have you, but it's very hard to change your height. You know, it just, you are either a tall person or a short person for the most part, and these-- You just have to work with it. You know, I'm a tall person. I'm 5'10". [00:17:18] I'm like a hundred and seventy eight centimeters or something. And you know, when you're a teenager, you hate that, because everybody, you can't hide in a crowd, people see, but you know, as an older woman or a more mature woman, it's lovely. I can carry a little bit of extra weight and [00:17:33] nobody knows, kind of thing.  So my relationship to that fixed thing in me has changed over time and that's kind of, what you're speaking to here is that there are certain parts of our self and our psyche that we do have to [00:17:48] kind of just accept and it's what, the piece that I got really excited about, that you said, is what if I stop mentally and energetically and emotionally resisting this thing that is one way that I so desperately wish was another way? [00:18:03] If I just breathed out and allowed myself to acknowledge and accept, you know, I always have to be vigilant about money or about sexual interactions or about career, whatever it happens to be, based on, you know, you mentioned your [00:18:18] Saturn, someone else might have a problem with their Mars. You know, if you just kind of go into an acceptance place with it, the freeing up of energy and emotional power that you have been using to try and force back on that is incredibly liberating and when you take [00:18:33] that energy and you apply it to, you know, a talent or a skill, the idea of enhancing the good, you can radically change your life, not because you made that problem thing be anything other than what it was, but because you stopped [00:18:48] giving it all your focus. And you put your focus on to something that actually has, you know, some potential to take you in a more fulfilling direction. ANDREW: For sure. And I think that that's, I mean, that's one of the reasons why, going and sitting with an astrologer, [00:19:03] if you're not, you know, or learning it yourself is so helpful because there are aspects, you know. I mean, you brought up Mars, right? You know, I mean, I've Mars in Aries, I was a very angry young person, you know, and I have a, I have, when [00:19:18] it emerges, a very very bad temper. KELLY: Yes. ANDREW: But it's not that much of an issue any more. I mean, I still need to be mindful of it. But that one has been way more amenable to management and modification than [00:19:33] other aspects of my chart, because, because of its nature, maybe because of my nature, probably, because of its placement, and so on. So. There are those things where it's great and you can kind of turn them into an advantage. I mean it's part of what fuels my drive to do [00:19:48] what I do around work, right? Like I have a lot of energy, a lot of the time, and so I can do a lot of work and run the shop and do all those things. You know, whereas other people are always like, how do you do so much? I'm like, I've got Mars in Aries. I've just got gas in the tank. It just keeps going? You know? [00:20:03]  KELLY: Yeah, you're the Energizer bunny, it just keeps going and going. I mean, what we're kind of alluding to here is something that comes to us from the Hellenistic astrology, form of astrology, that has to do with sect, which is S-E-C-T. Which kind of divides [00:20:18] charts into daytime or nighttime. Very simply based on the time of day that you were born. Then this working theory is that if you're born in the daytime, Saturn is going to be a little bit more helpful or productive for you and Mars a little bit more problematic. [00:20:33] And if you're born at night time, the reverse is true. Where in the nighttime, the cool of night tends to calm the heat of Mars, so you tend to get less sharp Mars problems. And in the nighttime, the cool of the night exacerbates [00:20:48] the kind of curmudgeonly Scrooge-like energy of Saturn, so you tend to get more of a harsher Saturn.  ANDREW: Sure. Yeah.  KELLY: In a nutshell. I don't know if that rings true for you, personally Andrew, but...  ANDREW: Definitely, I was born at 9:30 at night. So.  KELLY: Yeah, that was going [00:21:03] to be my question to you, just based on the fact that you seem to really like-- I mean, your Mars is placed in one of its home signs in Aries, and that also is a way of getting a little bit more of the positive potential. The other thing you're talking about too, though, is we are all hotter [00:21:18] as energetic beings in our youth, and if we have Mars problems, they will tend to be worse in our teenage years or in our 20s.  ANDREW: Sure.  KELLY: And then the aging process, where we cool and slow, just biologically, that does [00:21:33] temper some of the Mars problems. The reverse is true for Saturn, though. Saturn problems can sometimes be something we do have to carry with us, even as we age, because the nature of aging tends to kind of stimulate more Saturnian type manifesting.  ANDREW: When [00:21:48] you talked about the, the coolness at night exacerbating, you know, Saturn.  KELLY: Saturn... ANDREW: Yeah, I've had this image of like, oh, it's chilly, and my knee hurts cause it's cold now, and oh.... [laughing] You know, it's just like, oh, man, such a Saturn image, right? KELLY: Yeah, to have sore knees, or a sore back, and it's worse in the winter, because winter is like exacerbating Saturnian qualities as does nighttime. Yeah. I mean [00:22:16] there is a positive reversal here, which is that Venus and Jupiter, considered the two benefic planets, people born in the daytime tend to have more Jupiter type gifts or talents, because the [00:22:31] heat of Jupiter is really conducive to the heat of day time. Whereas Venus is more of a moist cool planet, generally speaking, and she really comes to the fore in the evening. So if you're born at night time after the sunset or before the Sun has [00:22:46] risen, and obviously daytime and nighttime is different depending on season and time of year and birth location. So-- ANDREW: Sure. KELLY: ....being born at 9:30 at night, if you're born in Europe in July, you might still be a daytime baby, because it's a very [00:23:01] late sunset, but if you're born at 9:30 at night in January or February in Canada, you're definitely a nighttime baby though. ANDREW: For sure.  KELLY: Yeah. You do, you get like a specific type of problem, depending [00:23:16] on whether you're born in the daytime or nighttime, and then you get a planet that is giving you, you know, Venus is, can be, more creative or more relationship-oriented and that's nighttime gifts. Jupiter is more about that wisdom and teaching and inspiration and motivation and that's more [00:23:31] of a daytime gift. I mean, you have to look at the planet in the chart as well. I mean...   ANDREW: For sure.  KELLY: You'd want the Jupiter or the Venus to be in a nice sign or making a great aspect. Yeah, but that's, I don't know just when you were talking about your problem with Saturn, I'm like, I feel [00:23:46] like you must be born at nighttime because this is very-- ANDREW: For sure. Yep. My parents remember exactly what time I was born, because my dad was watching Hockey Night in Canada, which was on a Monday, [00:24:01] and you know, whatever right? Like he's like, there's like a very specific set of things that we associate around that, the memories around that, so they're like, there's no question about what time you were born, you know?  KELLY: I love birth stories like that. Yeah. That's fantastic. ANDREW: Yeah, for sure.  KELLY: So yeah, so this [00:24:16] is my guess, we got here, I'm like, how did we get here, fate versus free will and what's in the chart? And [24:24 not quite clear] really amazing.  ANDREW: Yeah, I definitely think so. So, I'm also very interested, because I've been following along [00:24:31] what's going on in the stars these days, even though, even though it sort of, on a personal level, astrology has shifted away from what was at one point a more professional folks into a more just kind of personal curiosity. You know, I got really curious [00:24:46] about: we have this big shift into into Taurus right now, right?  KELLY: We do.   KELLY: Big energy. KELLY: We're recording this just as Uranus, like a big explosive volcanic planet, has moved into Taurus, which is the most [00:25:01] fixed stubborn stable sign in the Zodiac. There's a real contradiction, if you like, in the symbolic imagery here, Uranus loves to shake things up. It literally is like earthquakes and volcanoes and lightning strikes and [00:25:16] Uranus is like the farmer in the field. He's just plowing year after year, so this is a huge-- We're starting this new kind of seven to eight year cycle that is going to radically reshape society, [00:25:31] culture, and individually, each of our lives as well.  ANDREW: Yeah, it's been, it's been interesting to watch sort of-- In my orbit, there's been a lot of people who've had a very [00:25:46] sort of disruptive shift go on in the last kind of, you know, like in the last few weeks, really, kind of you know, and it's sort of like, we're going along, I'm going this way. Oh, wait, what the hell am I doing? No, I'm [00:26:01] going to go this other way, you know? And it's such a, such an interesting shift to watch happen, you know, and to sort of, and also to try and roll with it, you know, because it's been-- A bunch of that's had an impact on me as well. So it's always, it's really [00:26:16] interesting to see it's going on everywhere. I'm like, all right, I'm gonna keep my eyes open, could be anywhere now, because it's the other thing about it. KELLY:  Well, that's-- I was talking about this with a client earlier this week, and they had something in, their chart is being activated by [00:26:31] Uranus, they're a little bit resistant as you know, everyone with planets. So if I back up a second, Uranus is moving into Taurus, so it is activating anyone with planets in the sign of Taurus, but the way the planetary aspect patterns [00:26:46] or energetic patterns work, while Uranus is in Taurus, it will also have a fairly dramatic impact on the other fixed modality signs, which include Leo, Scorpio, and Aquarius. So those four signs, Taurus, Leo, [00:27:01] Scorpio, and Aquarius are all quite activated but it does get a little more technical than that in the sense that Uranus moves quite slowly. And so we actually had a taste of Uranus in Taurus in 2018 between [00:27:16] May and November, but Uranus was only activating the first one or two degrees of Taurus in 2018.  This year in 2019, Uranus is going to activate all the way up to the first six degrees of Taurus. So [00:27:31] for people who might be familiar with their birth chart. Very specifically, if you have a planet between zero and six degrees of any of the fixed signs, so taught, you know, you could have, could be four Leo Well, three Scorpio or two Aquarius or five Taurus. [00:27:46] They're all getting that Uranus transit. And I was talking, I had a client this week who fell in that category, and they were very sort of resistant around: What if I don't want to make this change? what if I'm not ready to make this change? And [00:28:01] I kind of laughed because having worked with, you know, Uranus for many years, here is an indicator of that major kind of upheaval and change that leads to new freedoms and Independence. You know the Uranus change has a purpose, it leads [00:28:16] to new freedom, it leads to new authenticity, it leads to Independence. But if it's coming, it means that the shake-up, the time for the shake-up is now. And it can definitely surprise you.  And I have a personal story where last [00:28:31] summer in the northern summer, I was very frustrated with where we were living. I just had sort of done 10 years in a little small town and I was just a bit restless and bored, and what's next? and when can we go and live near the ocean again? And [00:28:46] and so my husband and I had some really big talks over the summer, and we pulled it apart, his career really has him here, and we came up with a plan by the end of the summer, this was all while Uranus was in Taurus, where we would move to the West Coast in two [00:29:01] years time, when he would retire. And I was like, that's great. You know, it wasn't as soon as I wanted, but it was sooner than he wanted. So we did that lovely relationship compromise and then like a month later, he came home and said, there's a job in [00:29:16] a whole other part of the world, that I think I'm going to apply for, and I was like, okay, well just apply and see, and anyway, long story short, it took a few months. There's a lot of interview processes and we found out that he's accepted the job and we're now going to be moving [00:29:31] literally in the opposite direction to where we thought we were going to move and that's how Uranus works. I felt the energy of being restless and bored and we started doing our lovely logical human brainstorming about how we could come up [00:29:46] with a practical plan and Uranus is like, you're on the right track, but I want to throw a few surprises into the mix, and so here's an unexpected out of the blue wild idea. Do you guys want to say yes to this? And we did. And that's [00:30:01] so what you're saying, Andrew, it works like almost scanning. Where is this Uranus thing coming from, even when you know to expect the unexpected, Uranus can still surprise you and you know, give you those curve balls. They can be very exciting and very liberating [00:30:16] but they will not be what you had thought.  ANDREW: Yeah, for sure. I feel like my experience so far of this energy is that I was thinking that I would be doing a lot more traveling and teaching over the coming while?  KELLY: Yep! [00:30:31]  ANDREW: And the shift in energy and the shift in circumstance over the last little bit and like right around now has, has gotten me canceling most of my travel plans, and being like, you know what, I think that, I think that what I [00:30:46] need to actually do is focus more on creation and focus more on like, sort of deepening the, the foundation of the store, and, and my work in regards to that, as opposed [00:31:01] to the sort of like, I'm going to go around and teach all over the place, which I love but it's like, it's like, no, that, that's not where you're going right now, and I'm like, all right.  KELLY: Yeah.  ANDREW: Fair enough.  KELLY: So did you have a relatively quick kind of you know, I set up [00:31:16] this schedule and then just a few months later, kind of changing it and reshaping things?  ANDREW: Yeah. I mean, it's really, some of the stuff has been set up for a while, but it's yeah, there's just been a bunch of projects and ideas that have been on the table that, that, [00:31:33] you know, starting, starting about, well really, starting at the start of this year, you know, sort of. So, I mean, I got divorced last year, and then, so I've been, you know, sort of like living separately now for about four [00:31:48] months by the time this goes live and I was just realizing that a) I'm kind of tired because it's been a lot, right? KELLY: Yeah. That's a lot to process, yeah. ANDREW: So there's that. B) My entire day to day living [00:32:03] situation has changed, you know, I have my kids half the time, you know, all my other work life tries to live in that sort of compressed other half time.  KELLY: Yep, three or four days a week.  ANDREW: Yeah, and, you know, and there's a lot more, oh, a [00:32:19] lot more, there's a lot of kind of running around that's a part of my life, you know, especially as my kids get bigger.  KELLY: Yes. ANDREW: You know, they're not big enough to be... KELLY: All the driving. The driving.  ANDREW: Yeah, or you know or like, taking them around, I mean, we live downtown so, you know, but they're, they're cool [00:32:34] to go. The older one's cool to go places they know, but if they're going anywhere new, they need us to take them, you know? KELLY: Yeah. ANDREW: So, it's like, all right, everybody's on the bus. Let's go here. Let's go there. Let's do whatever, right? KELLY: Yeah. ANDREW: And, and so all of those changes just made me realize [00:32:49] that, you know, I needed to kind of shift back to reassess my actual energies and that I also needed to kind of look at what's, [00:33:04] what am I what am I doing? And what am I hoping to get out of it? And does it make sense from that space, right? And so there are a bunch of things that I've been doing where, like, from a practical point of view, they seem like [00:33:19] they make sense but maybe more from an emotional point of view, I'm, I have some other agenda for being there that's not being met? KELLY: Yes. ANDREW: Around the growth of my career, around, you know, interconnection with people, around a bunch of different stuff, right? And once [00:33:34] I realized that discrepancy... And I was like, okay, so all of these things where I have an unofficial agenda, that's really my actual agenda, that is not in alignment with doing these things, I should stop that, you know? And, and [00:33:49] a lot of the travel was sort of geared around some of that stuff, right, you know, fun, escape, you know, status, whatever, I'm like, none of those things matter that much ultimately and if I want to have fun I should just go have fun. And if I want to like [00:34:04] escape, I should like, take a day off work and go do something, but like, traveling to go work somewhere else is not a way to accomplish those things, you know? KELLY: Yeah. Yeah. ANDREW: So.  KELLY: So this is great because it sounds like you're coming into a deeper sense of what [00:34:19] is authentic and real and right for you. And that's, you know, the whole pathway of Uranus is that it is, it awakens us, if you like, to things that might have been latent or forgotten or neglected, but the [00:34:34] chaos or the upheaval of of changing things is a really critical part. It's like there's almost a dare, a cosmic dare, you know, if you would like this level of authenticity, how much are you prepared to change in your life that's kind of on the fake end of [00:34:49] the spectrum, to really sit in that deeper sense of self.  ANDREW: Yeah. For sure, yeah, it corresponds with sort of a drive that I've been feeling as well. Like there are lots of parts of my life that I haven't [00:35:04] been public about. I mean, I haven't been secretive about them, but I haven't been like super public about them either? KELLY: Yeah.  ANDREW: And you know, so like, you know, being a polyamorous individual. It's a thing that people, if they know me, know about me, but it's not a thing that [00:35:19] I've sort of historically, you know, broadcast per se, right?  KELLY: Yeah. ANDREW: But also, I've been feeling like that's something that I wanted to change and so I actually recorded an episode, the episode previous to this is about poly, [00:35:34] polyamory and love and spirituality, you know, and so it's like, it's also that, right? Like what are the risks you're willing to take, right? What's, what are you willing to put in? How much discomfort are you, are you able to engage to get that authenticity? Right?  KELLY: [00:35:49] Well, and this is the key, is that there is some discomfort and that's a really beautiful way. Like what risks, what are you prepared to lose, or put on the line so that you can be more authentic? Are you prepared for people to maybe judge [00:36:04] you a little bit because you're owning your stuff? And Uranus is really correlated with things that are counter cultural or might be defined against society's norms as a little unconventional or atypical.  ANDREW: Yeah. KELLY: I always [00:36:19] think about Uranus in Taurus is like just letting your freak show out, like fly your flag, basically. We all have parts of ourselves--  ANDREW: Yeah. KELLY: That are a bit weird and a bit odd or bit unusual and when [00:36:35] Uranus shows up and really starts, because the last eight years we had Uranus in Aries. So there was a very specific type of Uranus vibration going on. And what I would say is, for most people, the last eight years brought a lot of that chaos [00:36:50] and call to authenticity. The next eight years probably won't be as strong for you, just because, you know, if you are activated by the areas or the cardinal sign piece, you may not have as much fixed signs, you know, in your life, but there is always a risk. There's always a level like [00:37:05] Uranus is like, how can you let the part of you that feels like a black sheep be more on display more of the time, you know, if you think you're wearing red when everyone else is wearing white, how can you embrace that part of you? So. ANDREW: Yeah.  KELLY: It's wild, I mean and Uranus [00:37:20] in Taurus has some pretty specific collective themes that I think we're going to see as well. I don't know if you looked into those.  ANDREW: Well, I'm, I listen to you and Chris and... KELLY: Austin. [00:37:35]  ANDREW: Austin, I was going to say Aidan, and I'm like, no Aidan is a person who's on my podcast, Austin, on The Astrology Podcast where you do a-- It's a great thing, you should go check it out. There's lots of good stuff about it. The episodes that I listen to are [00:37:50] the sort of monthly forecast episodes where the three of you discuss what's coming and so, you know, I heard the discussions about, about that and the other elements, you know, that sort of tie it into maybe a bunch of economic change and other stuff [00:38:05] that might be coming. So, but yeah, if you want to share some of that I would love to hear it here too.  KELLY: Yeah, I just thought, I mean, I always love the personal because I really love working at the individual level, but I know, people are often interested in the collective. So, the last time we had Uranus in Taurus was from about the mid [00:38:20] 1930s to the early 1940s. So we did have Uranus, I just to give people some context, Uranus is in Taurus about every 84 years. So we had that period early in the 20th century and then the time previous to that was like 1850s [00:38:35] kind of mutant 19th century and some of the things that happened globally in one or another of those periods, the mid-1850s, mid-nineteenth century period, was the gold rush, where we had this idea of like mining, [00:38:50] literally blowing up parts of the earth, which is Taurus. The blowing up part is Uranus, and we would, people were discovering gold or precious metals from the land, so there is definitely an environmental component to Uranus in Taurus, around [00:39:05] what are we doing to the land, the environment? What kind of an impact does that have, is it having?  Unfortunately, you know, there may be some innovation in how the land is created or mind or what have you that may not be, that may be destructive [00:39:20] initially. So I'm not saying it's all perfect in that 1930s, early 1940s period: food, manufacturing, really, took off. A lot of what we call sort of modern food manufacturing, the food technologies were really developed [00:39:35] then. Some of those were fantastic and some of those things were relatively quickly proved to be actually quite dangerous. So, you know, every innovation that comes through around safe food, whether it's food production, food cloning, food [00:39:50] development, that type of thing, some of them are going to be great, that we'll want to keep around and others, you just, keep your wits about you but-- The other thing that's really different: Taurus is a feminine sign. It's ruled by Venus and it tends to be associated with [00:40:05] feminine type archetypes or feminine type people in society. And historically, there have been a lot of technological developments that have freed up women and changed women's roles in society when we've had Uranus in [00:40:20] Taurus.  So things like washing machines or sewing machines or spinning looms have been developed in previous Uranus in Taurus cycles, you know, which was typically sort of woman's work with air quotes. And so, if it would normally take you four hours to [00:40:35] do something by hand and now you can use this, use this gadget and get it done in an hour, it gives you back your time. So there is something about Uranus in terms of freeing up time. And you know, one of the big things in that, the, because the [00:40:50] last time Uranus was in Taurus was through World War II, and one of the changes around sort of gender roles that happened then was so many young men sent away to war in many sort of English and first world societies, at the time, women [00:41:05] were allowed to leave the home and the domestic setting to go and fill some of the working job roles that were previously run by men or taken by men. So women got this taste of their own independence. They tried on different roles. [00:41:20] Of course, you know, the men came back from war and then the women were kind of sent back from the offices to their domestic duties if you like, but those women were the mothers of the women who-- mothers, sometimes grandmothers, [00:41:35] of the women who then really got very involved in the 1960s liberation that went on.  So you can see some of these seeds of larger cyclical change that can come through. So just with Taurus being a [00:41:50] little bit more of a feminine sign ruled by Venus, the sign where the Moon is exalted. So the, two sort of typically feminine planets, nurturing, you know, anything to do with people who identify as feminine and, and whether that creates limits or opportunities [00:42:05] in society, and a lot of stuff I suspect also to do with women and childbirth and child-rearing basically, so there are some really key collective themes that we can keep an eye on.  ANDREW: Yeah. Over the, [00:42:20] well, I think, I think it'll be interesting to see how those play out. I mean, I think that we can easily look at what's gone on in the last few years as setting the stage for that, right? Like the emergence, you know, of the me [00:42:35] too movement, you know, in the spiritual communities, the sort of rise of witchcraft and being a witch and the way in which that empowers the feminine often, you know, in a broader sense of definitely a lot of women in particular senses, [00:42:50] you know, I mean, I think that there's, there's lots of layers where, where I can sort of see that energy being ready for a change on some level, and you know, yeah, we'll see where that is.  KELLY: Yeah. Yeah. I mean and I was saying, you know, [00:43:05] I've said to one client this week, you know, it's the idea of, watch this space. You know, Uranus, we know is going to pave new inroads and new types of innovation, new types of technology, 3D printing is a massive Uranus in Taurus thing, the idea that out of the ethos [00:43:20] we can create material objects, but you know, watch the space, just be open, the Innovations are going to surprise all of us, even those of us that are expecting them.   ANDREW: Well, they always do, right?  KELLY: Yeah. ANDREW: They always do. Yeah. Yeah, I was [00:43:35] just thinking the other day about about my cell phone and about, for some reason I was talking about the, back when I had a pager, to my kids, right? And they've never known any of those technologies. And they're like, what do you mean? Like someone would just send you their phone number and then you'd just call them? [00:43:50] And I'm like yeah, that was it worked, you know? And that wasn't that long ago. I mean, it was a while ago now, but it's not that long ago, right?  KELLY: It's just been that, in our lifetime, Andrew. I mean, I don't know, I think you and I are relatively similar ages. Like when I was a kid, we were on a rotary [00:44:05] phone still? ANDREW: For sure. Yeah.  KELLY: Yeah. It's really interesting. Alan Turing, who is a code breaker who worked in England, in Bletchley Park, decoding the German codes, funnily enough in World War II, he was [00:44:21] this mad kind of technological guy. He had a very prominent Uranus in his chart. So he's kind of relevant to what's being talked about. He had this image in the late 1940s. He imagined a day where women would be walking around the park [00:44:36] with their computers in their hand. And that was quite striking to me when I read that because that's essentially what we do these days with our phones. There's so powerful that they are I mean, you can store files and record video and interact [00:44:51] with, you know, people halfway around the world, and the phones we have today are better than the computers of the 50s, basically. So it is phenomenal. ANDREW: I mean, they're better than the computers of our childhood too, right?  KELLY: Well, exactly! Those big... [Traces the shape of a big computer with her hands.]  ANDREW: Think about my  big 20-year, [00:45:06] my early PCs, or whatever, right? I mean, those things, you know, they didn't even have color monitors, you know? KELLY: No! We played black-and-white Pac-Man, basically.  ANDREW: Yeah. Yeah.  KELLY: Yeah, I remember being in like, I don't know grade three or four in primary school and there was [00:45:21] one computer in the classroom and each student, you paired up with a buddy and you each had about 20 minutes, you know, whenever computer time was, and all you did was play games. I guess it was just to familiarize us with the fact that these things existed.  ANDREW: Yeah. [00:45:36]  KELLY: But that's you know, that's the late 80s. That's a while ago now.  ANDREW: Yeah. Yeah. Well, I had a Vic-20 and we, I was very excited, that I would spend like a long time doing programming and then I would run the program and it would like change the screen color. [00:45:51] And it was exciting and exuberant and then I, and then I would record my program onto the data storage unit, which was a cassette tape-- KELLY: Oh, my goodness! ANDREW: And it would like record it onto the cassette tape, right?  KELLY: You could put a computer program on [00:46:06] a cassette tape back then because the-- Oh, my lord.  ANDREW: Because they were so small, right? Like it was just text, right? Yeah. So funny, right?  KELLY: Oh my God. Yeah.  ANDREW: All right. Well now that I feel old. [laughing] KELLY: I know, now that we've made ourselves really feel middle-aged, [00:46:21] nurse? Yeah, it'll be fun. It'll be fun, yeah.  ANDREW: So, is there anything else that is coming up that you're, that you're, inspired about?  KELLY: Yeah, there is one thing that [00:46:37] I'm really excited about.  ANDREW: Yeah. KELLY: And this is the great conjunction between Jupiter and Saturn that is happening in December of 2020 in the sign of Aquarius. It's a very nerdy type of timing cycle. It's currently being completely overshadowed on [00:46:52] the astrological airwaves because everybody's focused on the Saturn Pluto conjunction in early...  ANDREW: Sure. KELLY: Which does have, I'm not saying it's not important. I'm just saying, personally, I'm more interested in the Jupiter Saturn. Jupiter and Saturn conjunct every 20 years, [00:47:07] but every couple of hundred years and, well, the thing is, every 20 years, they make these conjunctions in signs of the same element. So we have this elemental, you know, 200-year-cycle, and the conjunction in December [00:47:22] 2020 is really officially the start of the, air grand mutation, if you like. And so the last couple of hundred years, we have had Earth Jupiter Saturn conjunction. So we had a lot of Earth-based focus [00:47:37] collectively. We've had the Industrial Revolution. We've had structured work days. There's been a huge focus on money and mining and accumulation.  And the air period is very much about ideas, movement, and interaction. So that's kicking off [00:47:52] December 2020 for the next 200 years. So for all of us alive now, we are going to witness this massive collective shift over the Air, out of the Earth element that has really governed so much of human experience since the [00:48:07] early 1800s. And we're going to be a witness to this change, which the type of technologies we were just talking about is a huge part of.  The last time we had the Air elemental 200-year period, late 1100s, all [00:48:22] through the 1200s and most of the 1300s. Now, that was actually considered to be sort of the very first start of what then became known as the Renaissance. But in that time frame, we had these weird technologies like paper manufacturing being [00:48:37] perfected. And so the idea with Air is that we're talking about ideas and the dissemination of ideas. Astrology actually went through a massive rebirth in that time period, pre the official Italian Renaissance. And [00:48:52] I think what we're going to see is, ideas or philosophies are going to become more of a focus and they're going to spread more. We're also going to have people moving around a lot more. There was a lot of invasions [00:49:07] that happened in that time frame where people spread out with their ideas more. The big disease that happened through that time frame, of course, was the Black Plague, which is an airborne disease. So the idea, at the end of 2020, as we start this Air [00:49:22] period, where everything is to do with the mind, to do with the intellect, and to do with technology, and to do with the dissemination of ideas becomes much more. And it's hard to imagine how it becomes more than what it has become already, but it is going, is going to be faster accelerations [00:49:37] there. And then I think you know from a disease perspective, those types of airborne issues are also something we're going to need to be more mindful of, so yeah, so a few hundred year chapter. ANDREW: Time to double [00:49:52] down on getting your flu shot! [laughs]  KELLY: Yeah, flu shots, you know, when you think about how mobile people are becoming, in the sense that we don't all go to 9 to 5 jobs in specific locations anymore. That's a very Earth kind of thing to do, [00:50:07] and also, you know, this podcasting. I mean, it's the radio of the modern era, but it is about-- Like I think podcasting is just going to get more and more popular, anything that's online, that involves the sharing of ideas or insight or [00:50:22] wisdom is just going to explode. We haven't even touched the tip of it yet, basically. ANDREW: Yeah. It's an exciting time to be alive. KELLY: Exciting time to be alive. I don't know that it bodes well for things like banking industries or credit systems, because I think they're going to go [00:50:37] through a massive upheaval, but that's... We're probably due for that.  ANDREW: Yeah, I think so. I think that, yeah, I mean, I hear every single year that the banks here make more money than they've ever made before. [00:50:52]  KELLY: Yeah.  ANDREW: And I'm just like, how is that even possible? And, you know, and the answer is well, you know, there was a time where having a bank account meant that you accrued money on your, on your savings, [00:51:08] you know, but the idea now, like, you know the amount of fees and this, that, whatever, there's no way, you know, unless you have heaps and heaps of money in there, that, you know, anybody's going to be making any money off of a bank account. So, you know, so those dynamics are going to, you [00:51:23] know, shift again at some point, right? So.  KELLY: Absolutely, and we're seeing that a little bit with alternative payment process and alternative money transfer options, you know... ANDREW: Yeah.  KELLY: Back in the day, we had to go to what, Western Union, to send money internationally. And now, [00:51:38] there are companies, and I, we use one called Transferwise, which allows you to send money if... There's more of a mobility here that the banks don't have the monopoly that they used to. Now look, they still have a massive monopoly, and they're making huge amounts of money.  ANDREW: Sure. KELLY: But [00:51:53] you're seeing more of these little startups popping up that I think are going to become increasingly popular. Venmo, I think, is really popular in the states, that type of thing.  ANDREW: Yeah. Well, even, even PayPal and you know, Apple's integrating it [00:52:08] directly into the, directly into the phone, so you can just text people money and stuff, like it's all changing, right?  KELLY: That's, that's the thing, like you used to have to go and get cold hard currency and nobody has...  ANDREW: Right?  KELLY: ....physical cash anymore, money is just a number on a computer [00:52:23] screen.  ANDREW: Yeah, you don't even have to talk to people anymore. [laughs] KELLY: You don't! I mean, you know, you go to a bank, and nowadays there's more machines than there are people because of the automation, if you like.  ANDREW: Yeah, for sure. KELLY: That's something I think we're [00:52:38] going to have to work on as a human race, is humans get something from being physically with other humans that we can't duplicate, you know, and even doing things like this where we're online and we can see each other. It's great, and it's a, it's a functional [00:52:53] substitute, but it cannot replace the exchange of multiple levels of energy that happen when you're physically in person. And so I think that's going to be almost our goal, is we have to still come together in the flesh, [00:53:08] even though we don't have to any more.  ANDREW: Yeah. So take away from this episode: go hang with your peoples.  KELLY: Yeah. ANDREW: Watch your money.  KELLY: Yeah.  ANDREW: And if and if a company called Skynet comes and wants to sell you some robots, say no thank you because [00:53:23] nobody needs a Terminator showing up at their house later on.  KELLY: Right, nobody needs a terminator. ANDREW: Well. Thank you so much for making time to hang out with me today. It's been so nice to catch up. For people who want to come and follow you. I mean, I already mentioned [00:53:38] The Astrology Podcast and that thing, which I'll put a link to in the show notes, but where else are you hanging out, where should people come and find you to be in your orbits?  KELLY: Yeah. Look, if anyone does want to, follow along if you like. My main [00:53:53] website is KellysAstrology.com, but you can also find me on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. I'm a little bit chatty on Twitter occasionally. It is actually my preferred social media platform. Like, I know that sort of sound and I'm not, that's weird these days. in addition to [00:54:08] the monthly episode on The Astrology Podcast, I also do a weekly show with two Aussie girlfriends called the Water Trio Astrology Podcast, and you can find that, as well as The Astrology Podcast on SoundCloud, iTunes, and YouTube.  Coming up at the end of March [00:54:23] is my next online training class on career and life direction in astrology. So the idea here is, I'll be showing you how to answer the question of what should I do with my life and that's a four-part training. There will be a live weekly class initially, but it will also be all online, [00:54:38] and one of the new offerings that I just started last year that's been really popular is my monthly astrology guide service, which is a subscription-based offering where you get details about every astrology aspect happening every week and every month. So if [00:54:53] you're kind of obsessed with astrology and you want to follow along at home with your own chart, that resource provides all the info you need. Everything that you might need on any of those counts can be found on my homepage of my website, KellysAstrology.com.  ANDREW: Awesome. [00:55:08]  KELLY: Yeah. Thank you so much for having me, Andrew, it's been great to chat.  ANDREW: Oh, thank you for being here.

This lecture was given at the inaugural 2018-2019 Thomistic Institute Conference at the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas (Angelicum in Rome. Walter Senner, OP is a German Dominican theologian whose research focuses include the history of the Order, Albertus Magnus, Thomas Aquinas, Johannes von Sterngassen and Meister Eckhart. He was from 1998 to 2005 a member of the Pontifical Commissio Leonina to the edition of the Opera of Thomas Aquinas. In 2007 he was appointed professor at the Angelicum in Rome and was the director of the Thomistic institute there from 2008 to 2018. He is a member of the Société Internationale pour l'Étude de la Philosophie Médiévale and the Görres Society.

Elizabeth and Victor grow up together as best friends. Victor’s friendship with Henry Clerval, a schoolmate and only child, flourishes as well, and he spends his childhood happily surrounded by this close domestic circle. As a teenager, Victor becomes increasingly fascinated by the mysteries of the natural world. He chances upon a book by Cornelius Agrippa, a sixteenth-century scholar of the occult sciences, and becomes interested in natural philosophy. He studies the outdated findings of the alchemists Agrippa, Paracelsus, and Albertus Magnus with enthusiasm. He witnesses the destructive power of nature when, during a raging storm, lightning destroys a tree near his house. A modern natural philosopher accompanying the Frankenstein family explains to Victor the workings of electricity, making the ideas of the alchemists seem outdated and worthless. (In the 1818 version, a demonstration of electricity by his father convinces Victor of the alchemists’ mistakenness.) --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/hmphaudiobooks/support

Trente-et-unième numéro du podcast Pourquoi Buffy c’est génial. Podcast complètement exceptionnel car déjà nous recevons deux invités bordelais Orjan et Phoébée et en plus Clément n'est pas là !!!!!! Et comme on le déteste on est super content que Carole (rédactrice en chef de Clap http://www.clapmag.com/) nous fasse l'honneur de remplacer le démon aux grandes oreilles. L’équipe a choisi de s’intéresser au dix-neuvième épisode de la deuxième saison : I only have eyes for you (La soirée Sadie Hawkins en VF) Écrit par Marti Noxon et réalisé par James Whitmore Jr., il fut diffusé pour la première fois le 21 avril 1998. Nous vous proposons de revivre avec nous cet épisode sous forme de commentaires audio un peu particuliers dans lesquels nous tenterons d’analyser l’écriture, les personnages, la réalisation… Tout ce qui fait de Buffy une série si particulière et tellement sous estimée en France. A travers I only have eyes for you, nous aborderons l'amour, la mort, les fantômes, Sadie Hawkins et les paradoxes temporels. Nous parlerons également : de duplex à l'autre bout du monde de Poltergeist (1982) de Truly madly deeply (1990) d'Albertus Magnus (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_le_Grand) des flamingos (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FvzNeh4Mq1o) de cascades (https://youtu.be/BLKDsmJjFq0?t=22m52s) de L'adieu aux armes d'Ernest Hemingway d'une des la BO de Buffy sortie en CD en 1999 pour plus d'info sur les zics de Buffy : http://slayerevival.com/musiques/ http://www.allmusic.com/album/buffy-the-vampire-slayer-original-television-score-mw0000794963 On parle aussi de samsara (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa%E1%B9%83s%C4%81ra) et de méditation d'énigme de tonton Giles du roman d'Orjan disponible sur internet ici : http://siko.cowblog.fr/categorie-209466/1.html d'une asso incroyable bordelaise (http://edil.fr/) de la biographie de Joss Whedon par Amy Pascale de Joss Whedon: The Complete Companion: The TV Series, the Movies, the Comic Books and More: The Essential Guide to the Whedonvers de la série dirk gently's holistic detective agency de la série Orphan Black de Joe Dante à la cinémathèque de Paris du film Grave de Julia Ducournau du livre "Moi Orson Welles" de Peter Bogdanovich de la série Good Behavior Des gros bisous à Aurélie, Anna Rose, Fanny, Blandine, Phil Goud de podcloud (https://podcloud.fr/), Dom du groupe buffy maniac sur FB (https://www.facebook.com/groups/buffymaniac), Lily Nelson du blog girlyttude (https://girlyttude.wordpress.com/), Calista et Solenne. Bon épisode.

The focus of Division III basketball now turns towards the second Regional Rankings. At the same time, conference regular seasons are wrapping up and the pressure of conference tournaments is increasing. Teams are still trying to jockey themselves for the chance to keep playing in March, but sometimes focusing on March causes teams to lose focus of the next game. Upsets and trip-ups seem to happen often once Regional Rankings start coming out. On Sunday night's Hoopsville, Dave chatted with teams who are hoping to remain on top of their conference standings and thus eventually punch their ticket automatically to the NCAA tournament. But what about the distractions? What about the pressures? Or has it become somewhat routine for some teams? Hoopsville is presented by D3hoops.com and airs from the WBCA/NABC Studio starting at 7:00 PM ET LIVE. You can watch the show On Demand in the video player above. If you can also listen to the podcasts (which will be uploaded at the conclusion of the show). A reminder the Sunday edition of Hoopsville primarily covers the Northeast, Atlantic, South, and Central regions, but we will answer any questions about all of Division III throughout the show. You can also send your questions to the show and have them featured on the Hoopsville Mailbag segment. Email them to hoopsville@d3hoops.com. And please consider helping Hoopsville stay on the air like you might help your public television station. The annual fundraising campaign has less than three weeks remaining, but we are no where close to reaching our goal. Click here for more information: Hoopsville Fundraising Page Guests include (in order of appearance): - Mark Edwards, No. 5 Washington Univ. men's coach - Mitch Oliver, Albertus Magnus men's coach - Judy Blinstrub, Babson women's coach (WBCA Center Court) - Darrin Travillian, Maryville (Tenn.) women's coach - Eric McNelley, Eastern men's coach

Jemaa Yuori is currently a Ghanaian student-athlete at the Albertus Magnus in the USA. Jemaa is from the Northern Region of Ghana in West Africa and is amongst the few Ghanaian basketball student-athletes that have worked their way from playing basketball in Ghana to playing in the USA. Jemaa has overcome many common challenges faced by young student-athletes in Africa. Jemaa Yuori is also an excellent academic student who was selected in the All-Academic Team for Division 1 basketball in the NCAA at the end of the 2015-2016 academic year.

Jemaa Yuori is currently a Ghanaian student-athlete at the Albertus Magnus in the USA. Jemaa is from the Northern Region of Ghana in West Africa and is amongst the few Ghanaian basketball student-athletes that have worked their way from playing basketball in Ghana to playing in the USA. Jemaa has overcome many common challenges faced by young student-athletes in Africa. Jemaa Yuori is also an excellent academic student who was selected in the All-Academic Team for Division 1 basketball in the NCAA at the end of the 2015-2016 academic year.

Ever met someone who can trace their lineage back to some famous people? My dad's family had an ancestor on the Mayflower. My in-laws brag they're related to Stonewall Jackson. I recently discovered one of my relatives actually translated the spiritual masterpiece The Imitation of Christ a few hundred years ago. Family lines are very important and interesting. While not tied through bloodlines, there's a Catholic family that can trace it's lineage for 800 years...the Dominicans. And the offspring of the great St. Dominic has had an unbelievable impact on the Catholic faith. Just think of all the towering Dominican figures in our history: St. Thomas Aquinas, St. Catherine of Siena, and St. Rose of Lima, among others. In this episode of the Art of Catholic I'm joined by Br. Tim Danaher O.P., to talk a little about the history and impact of this amazing order. Among other things we'll discuss: The heresy that led to the founding of the Dominicans Why Dominicans are called "Hounds of the Lord" and "Black Friars" How St. Dominic gave us the rosary The impact of the Angelic Doctor, St. Thomas Aquinas St. Albertus Magnus and why was he so important What makes Dominicans different from other orders in the Church (not better, just different:) All that and more on this episode of The Art of Catholic! God bless! Matthew P.S. Don't forget to grab your FREE copy of my quick guide to deeper prayer 8 Ways To Jumpstart Your Prayer Life! It's an easy step-by-step guide to help you rocket to God! Don't miss a show! Subscribe to The Art of Catholic by clicking this link and then clicking "View in iTunes" under the picture and then "Subscribe"! Android user? You can listen to The Art of Catholic on the Beyond Pod app from the Google Play Store. Want to experience Catholic Europe? Join Matthew on his pilgrimage to Fatima, Lourdes, Avila, and many other amazing holy sites this October 23rd to November 1st. Click here for details.    

There's a moral element to memory and you can use these 5 rules from Albertus Magnus to make better Memory Palaces.

There's a moral element to memory and you can use these 5 rules from Albertus Magnus to make better Memory Palaces.

Zwölfuhrläuten aus Dürnsricht in der Oberpfalz, kath. Pfarrkirche St. Albertus Magnus

We look at the reputation Albertus Magnus had as an alchemist. Where that reputation came from and who Albertus Magnus was and what he did. A show by podcastnik.com — visit the site for all projects and news. Visit HistoryofAlchemy.com for more background on the alchemists and concepts of this podcast. ☞ Check out our new show, Past Access! (YouTube Link) ☜ Twitter @Travis J Dow | @Podcastnik | @AlchemyPodcast — Facebook Podcastnik Page | Alchemy Podcast — Instagram @podcastnik Podcastnik YouTube | Podcastnik Audio Podcast ★ Support: PayPal | Patreon | Podcastnik Shop ★ See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Dr. Bettina Bildhauer, Reader an der St Andrews University in Grossbritannien, unterhält sich mit Dr. Udo Thiedeke über die Nähe des Mittelalters zu unserem Denken, die Grenze zwischen Subjekten und Objekten und warum wir beim Blick zurück entdecken können, wie die Dinge das Handeln lernten. Shownotes: #00:03:30# Kritik der modernen Vorstellungen von der angeblichen Weltsicht einer "flachen Erde" im Mittelalter. Vgl. z.B. Jeffrey Burton Russell, 1991: Inventing the Flat Earth. Columbus and Modern Historians. New York: Praeger. Jürgen Wolf, 2004: Die Moderne erfindet sich ihr Mittelalter – oder wie aus der ‚mittelalterlichen Erdkugel‘ eine ‚neuzeitliche Erdscheibe‘ wurde (= Colloquia academica Nr. 5), Stuttgart: Steiner. #00:04:10# Zu den Vorstellungen des Soziologen Max Weber zum okzidentalen Sonderweg des Rationalismus. Vgl. z.B. Wolfgang Schluchter, 1980: Rationalismus der Weltbeherrschung. Studien zu Max Weber. Frankfurt/M.: Suhrkamp. Besonders S. 23-38. #00:07:10# Keine universelle Gültigkeit des christlichen Weltbilds im Mittelalter. Vgl. z. B. Robert Bartlett, 2008: The Natural and the Supernatural in the Middle Ages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. #00:08:57# Zur Trennung von Subjekt und Objekt in der Moderne kann man vielleicht festhalten, dass die mittelalterliche Vorstellung, das Subjektive sei das Sein der Dinge und die Objekte realisierten sich in den Gedanken davon (etwa bei Wilhelm von Ockham) in der Moderne dahingehend überschritten wird, dass das Subjekt als nur noch sich selbst unterworfenes Objekte nur wahrnimmt (Kant) oder sich den Objekten in seiner Umwelt nun gegenüber sieht und diese manipuliert (etwa bei Marx und Engels). #00:11:50# Mittelalterliche Vorstellungen von Menschen als Teil von Netzwerken. Vgl. z. B. Jan-Dirk Müller, 1998: Spielregeln für den Untergang. Die Welt des Nibelungenliedes. Tübingen: Niemeyer oder Jeffrey Jerome Cohen (Hrsg.), Animal, Vegetable, Mineral. Ethics and Objects. Washington, DC: Oliphaunt, Online. #00:13:10# Zur Bedeutung des Blutes im Mittelalter siehe Bettina Bildhauer 2006: Medieval Blood. Cardiff: University of Wales Press; oder Caroline Walker Bynum, 2006: Wonderful Blood. Theology and Practice in Late Medieval Germany and Beyond. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. #00:15:48# Die Ebstorfer Weltkarte. #00:16:25# Die Gog und Magog. #00:17:00# Zum Frontispiz und Ikonografie des Leviathan vgl. Horst Bredekamp, 2003: Thomas Hobbes, Der Leviathan. Das Urbild des modernen Staates und seine Gegenbilder. 1651 - 2001. Berlin: Akademie Verlag. #00:18:55# Zum Staat als Körper im Policraticus des John of Salisbury vgl. z.B. Jacques Le Goff, 1989. Head or Heart? The Political Use of Body Metaphors in the Middle Ages. In: Michel Feher, Ramona Naddaff und Nadia Tazi (Hrsg.) Fragments for a History of the Human Body, Part 3. New York: Zone Books, S. 12-26. #00:19:12# Herbert Spencer, Gesellschaft als Organismus. Vgl. Spencer, Herbert, 1967: The Evolution of Society. Selections from Herbert Spencer's Principles of Society. Hrsg. Robert L. Carneio. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. #00:21:10# Die Siegfried-Sage als Teil der Nibelungensage und das Nibelungenlied. #00:27:18# Zur französischen Annales-Schule in der Geschichtswissenschaft. #00:31:00# Zahlreiche Ratgeber zur Selbstverbesserung des perfekten höfischen Menschen (Fürstenspiegel), z. B. Thomasin von Zirklaere, Der wälsche Gast #00:34:00# Positives Verständnis der Selbstaufgabe im Mittelalter, besonders in der Mystik, vgl. Kurt Ruh, Geschichte der abendländischen Mystik. 4 Bände. München: Beck, 1990-1999. #00:36:40# Zum Mittelalter als mythischer Vorgeschichte vgl. Arthur Lindley, 1998: The ahistoricism of medieval film. Online. #00:40:00# Zum Ritter als Assemblage vgl. Jeffrey Jerome Cohen, 2003. Medieval Identity Machines. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press. Besonders Kapitel 2 Chevalerie. #00:41:05# Zu den Effigies vgl. Horst Bredekamp, 2001: Vom Wachskörper zur Goldkrone. Die Versprechungen der Effigies. In: Deutsches Historisches Museum et al. (Hrsg.): Preußen 1701. Eine europäische Geschichte. Aust.-Kat. Essay-Bd. Berlin. S. 353-357. #00:43:39# Zu Bruno Latours Kritik der Moderne vgl. Bruno Latour, 1995: Wir sind nie modern gewesen. Versuch einer symmetrischen Anthropologie. Berlin: Akademie Verlag. #00:44:13# Die Turnschuhe, in denen Joschka Fischer den Amtseid als hessischer Umweltminister ablegte, heute im "Haus der Geschichte" in Bonn ausgestellt. #00:44:52# Zur Struktur des Rhizoms von Deleuze und Guattari vgl. Gilles Deleuze und Félix Guattari, 1977: Rhizom. Berlin: Merve. #00:46:50# Subjekt-Objekt-Unterscheidung im Mittelalter weniger ausgeprägt. Vgl. Kellie Robertson, 2008. Medieval Things: Materiality, Historicism and the Premodern Object. Literature Compass 5. Online. #00:48:00# Bücher über die Kraft der Edelsteine z. B. von Albertus Magnus, hier Abdruck eines englischen Druckversion von 1604. Online. #00:50:40# Podcast Episode mit Markus Hilgert "5412 Jahre Vertrauen in Materialität - Prof. Dr. Markus Hilgert im Gespräch" #00:51:37# Zu den anfänglichen Problemen mit der Glaubwürdigkeit von handschriftlichen Texten beim Übergang von der Oralität zur Literalität verweist Walter Ong auf Clanchy, 1979: 24f. Vgl. Michael T. Clanchy, 1979: From Memory to Written Record, England 1066-1307. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. #00:55:40# Zur Behauptung einer Umbruchphase in der Literatur im 13. Jhr. vgl. Christa Bertelsmeier-Kierst und Christopher Young (Hrsg.), 2003: Eine Epoche im Umbruch. Volkssprachliche Literalität 1200-1300. Cambridger Symposium 2001. Tübingen: De Gruyter. #00:56:10# Zur Veränderlichkeit von mittelalterlichen Texten in Manuskripten (statt Erhalten eines "Originals") siehe Forschungen der "New Philology". Vgl. Paul Zumthor,1972: Essai de poétique médiévale. Paris: Seuil. #00:57:20# Informationen zum Codex Manesse in der Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg. #00:59:40# Zur Macht der Gegenstände im Mittelalter im Sprachgebrauch, siehe Bettina Bildhauer, 2013: Der Gralsroman aus Sicht des Grals: Stil und das Mithandeln der Dinge. In Elizabeth Andersen, Ricarda Bauschke, McLelland (Hrsg.): Stil: Mittelalterliche Literatur zwischen Konvention und Innovation. Berlin: Akademie Verlag oder James A. Schultz, 2006: Courtly Love, the Love of Courtliness, and the History of Sexuality. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. #01:00:05# Zum mittleren Modus und Zigarettenrauchen siehe Bruno Latour, 2010: On the Cult of the Factish Gods, trans. Catherine Porter und Heather MacLean, in: ders.: On the Modern Cult of the Factish Gods. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. S. 1-66. #01:04:50# Zur KI (Künstlichen Intelligenz) oder AI (Artifical Intelligence) Online. #01:05:27# Zu Flussers Überlegungen über ein "neues Mittelalter" vgl. Vilém Flusser, 1993: Die Wiederkunft des Mittelalters. In: ders. Nachgeschichte. Eine korrigierte Geschichtsschreibung. Schriften Bd. 2. Bensheim/Düsseldorf: Bollmann. S. 143-154. Zu Filmen und neuen Medien als Boten eines neuen Mittelalters siehe Bettina Bildhauer, 2009: Vorwand into the passt. Film as a medieval medium. In: Anke Bernau, Bettina Bildhauer (Hrsg.), Medieval Film. Manchester: University of Manchester Press. S. 40-59. #01:06:17# Zum wachsenden wissenschaftlichen Interesse an Materialität siehe etwa: Jan-Hendrik Passoth, 2008: Zum Verstehen von Dingen: die sprachliche Erforschung des Nichtsprachlichen in verschiedenen Disziplinen, in: Karl-Siegbert Rehberg, Dana Giesecke, Thomas Dumke (Hrsg.): Die Natur der Gesellschaft. Verhandlungen des 33. Kongresses der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Soziologie in Kassel 2006. Teilbd. 1 u. 2. Frankfurt/M., New York: Campus. S. 1990-1999. #01:09:10# Ray Kurzweil entwickelt Ideen zur Speicherung des Gedächnisses. Online. #01:10:10# Zur mittelalterlichen "Gehirn-Bibliothek" Mary Carruthers, 2008: The Book of Memory. A Study of Memory in Medieval Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. #01:11:10# Zur Erfahrung der Macht der Dinge in der Weimarer Republik und im Weimarer Kino vgl. Thomas Elsaesser, 2000: Weimar Cinema and After. Germany’s Historical Imaginary. London: Routledge; Hermann Kappelhoff, 2000: Jenseits der Wahrnehmung - Das Denken der Bilder: Ein Topos der Weimarer Avantgarde und ein ‘psychoanalytischer Film’ von G. W. Papst. In: Harro Segeberg (Hrsg.): Die Perfektionierung des Scheins. Das Kino der Weimarer Republik im Kontext der Künste. Mediengeschichte des Films 3. München: Fink, S. 299-318 oder Béla Balázs, 2001: Der sichtbare Mensch oder die Kultur des Films. Frankfurt/M.: Suhrkamp. #01:14:10# Zur sog. Schwarmintelligenz vgl. z.B. Constanze Kurz und Udo Thiedeke, 2010: Picknick mit Cyborgs. Ein interdisziplinäres Gespräch über die alltägliche Vernetzung. München: Grin S. 97/99; Ingeborg Breuer, 2012: Schwarmintelligenz im Internet. Modebegriff für neue demokratische Formen. Deutschlandfunk. Studiozeit. Aus Kultur und Sozialwissenschaften. 28.06.2012 Online. #01:17:00# Zu Vilém Flussers Vorstellung vom Übergang von Daten (dem Gegebenen) zu Fakten (dem Gemachten) vgl. Vilém Flusser, 1998: Technik entwerfen. In: Ders.: Vom Subjekt zum Projekt Menschwerdung. Frankfurt/M.: Fischer TB-Verlag. S. 133-146. [alle Links aktuell Oktober/November 2012] Dauer 01:20:10 Folge direkt herunterladen

This 62nd episode of CS is the 5th and final in our look at monasticism in the Middle Ages.To a lesser extent for the Dominicans but a bit more for the Franciscans, monastic orders were an attempt to bring reform to the Western Church which during the Middle Ages had fallen far from the Apostolic ideal. The institutional Church had become little more than one more political body, with vast tracts of land, a massive hierarchy, a complex bureaucracy, and had accumulated powerful allies and enemies across Europe. The clergy and older orders had degenerated into an illiterate fraternity. Many priests and monks could neither read nor write, and engaged in gross immorality while hiding behind their vows.It wasn't this case everywhere. But it was in enough places that Francis was compelled to use poverty as a means of reform. The Franciscans who followed after Francis were quickly absorbed back into the Church's structure and the reforms Francis envisioned were still-born.Dominic wanted to return to the days when literacy and scholarship were part and parcel of clerical life. The Dominicans carried on his vision, but when they became prime agents of the Inquisition, they failed to balance truth with grace.Modern depictions of medieval monks often cast them in a stereo-typical role as either sinister agents of immorality, or bumbling fools with good hearts but soft heads. Sure there were some of each, but there were many thousands who were sincere followers of Jesus and did their best to represent Him.There's every reason to believe they lived quietly in monasteries and convents; prayed, read and engaged in humble manual labor throughout their lives. There were spiritual giants as well as thoroughly wicked and corrupt wretches.After Augustine of Canterbury brought the Faith to England it was as though the sun had come out.Another among God's champions was Malachi, whose story was recounted by Bernard of Clairvaux in the 12th C. Stories like his were one of the main attractions for medieval people who looked to the saints for reassurance some had managed to lead exemplary lives, and shown others how to.The requirement of sanctity was easy to stereotype. In the Life of St Erkenwald, we read that he was “perfect in wisdom, modest in conversation, vigilant in prayer, chaste in body, dedicated to holy reading, rooted in charity.” By the late 11th  C, it was even possible to hire a hagiographer, a writer of saintly-stories, such as Osbern of Canterbury, who would, for a fee, write a Life of a dead abbot or priest, in the hope he'd be canonized, that is – declared by the Church to be a saint.There was strong motive to do this.  Where there'd been a saint, a shrine sprang up, marking with a monument his/her monastery, house, bed, clothes and relics. All were much sought after as objects veneration. Pilgrimages were made to the saint's shrine. Money dropped in the ubiquitous moneybox. But it wasn't just a church or shrine that benefited. The entire town prospered. After all, pilgrims needed a place to stay, food to eat, souvenirs to take home proving they'd performed the pilgrimage and racked up spiritual points. Business boomed! So, hagiographers included a list of miracles the saint performed. These miracles were evidence of God's approval. There was competition between towns to see their abbot or priest canonized because it meant pilgrims flocking to their city.It was assumed that a holy man or woman left behind, in objects touched or places visited, a residual spiritual power, a ‘merit', which the less pious could acquire for assistance in their own troubles by going on pilgrimage and praying at the shrine. A similar power inhered in the body of the saint, or in parts of the body; fingernails or hair, which could conveniently be kept in ‘relic-holders' called reliquaries. People prayed near and touching them in the hope of a miracle, a healing, or help in some other urgent request of God.The balance between the active and the contemplative life was the core issue for those who aspired to be a genuine follower of Jesus and a good example to others. They struggled with the question of how much time should be given to God and how much to work in the world? From the Middle Ages, there comes no account of the enlightened idea the secular and religious could be merged into one overall passion for and service of God.In the medieval way of thinking, to be truly godly, a sequestered religious life was required. The idea that a blacksmith could worship God while working at his anvil was nowhere in sight. Francis came closest, but even he considered working for a wage and the call to glorify God mutually exclusive.  Francis urged work as part of the monk's life, but depended on charity for support. It wouldn't be till the Reformation that the idea of vocation liberated the sanctity of work.Because the cloistered, or sequestered religious life, was regarded as the only way to please God, many of the greats from the 4th C on supported monasticism. I list now some names who held this view, trusting if you've listened to the podcast for a while you'll recognize them . . .St. Anthony of Egypt, Athanasius, Basil, Gregory of Nyssa, Ambrose, Augustine, Jerome, and Benedict of Nursia.In the Middle Ages the list is just as imposing. Anselm, Albertus Magnus, Bonaventura, Thomas Aquinas, and Duns Scotus, St. Bernard and Hugo de St. Victor, Eckart, Tauler, Hildegard, Joachim of Flore, Adam de St. Victor, Anthony of Padua, Bernardino of Siena, Berthold of Regensburg, Savonarola, and of course, Francis and Dominic.The Middle Ages were a favorable period for the development of monastic communities. The religious, political and economic forces at work across Europe conspired to make monastic life for both men and women a viable, even preferred, option. As is so often the case in movies and books depicting this period, sure there were some young men and women who balked at entering a monastery or convent when forced by parents, but there were far more who wanted to engage the sequestered life who were denied by parents.  When war decimated the male population and women outnumbered men by large margins, becoming a nun was the only way to survive. Young men who knew they weren't cut out for the hard labor of farm life or military service could always find a place to pursue their passion for learning in a monastery.As in most institutions, the fate of the brothers and sisters depended on the quality of their leader, the abbot or abbess. If she was a godly and effective leader, the convent thrived. If he was a tyrannical brute, the monastery shriveled.In those monasteries where scholarship prevailed, ancient manuscripts were preserved by scribes who laboriously copied them, and by doing so, became well-versed in the classics. It was from these intellectual safe-houses the Renaissance would eventually emerge.By drawing to themselves the best minds of the time, from the 10th well into the 13th C, monasteries were the nursery of piety and the centers of missionary and civilizing energy. When there was virtually no preaching taking place in churches, the monastic community preached powerful sermons by calling men's thoughts away from war and bloodshed to brotherhood and religious devotion. The motto of some monks was, “by the plough and the cross.” In other words, they were determined to build the Kingdom of God on Earth by preaching the Gospel and transforming the world by honest and hard, humble work.Monks were pioneers in the cultivation of the ground, and after the most scientific fashion then known, taught agriculture, the tending of vines and fish, the breeding of cattle, and the manufacture of wool. They built roads and some of the best buildings. In intellectual and artistic concerns, the convent was the main school of the times. It trained architects, painters, and sculptors. There the deep problems of theology and philosophy were studied; and when the universities arose, the convent furnished them with their first and most renowned teachers.So popular was the monastic life that religion seemed to be in danger of running out into monkery and society of being little more than a collection of convents. The 4th Lateran Council tried to counter this tendency by forbidding the establishment of new orders. But no council was ever more ignorant of the immediate future. Innocent III was scarcely in his grave before the Dominicans and Franciscans received full papal sanction.During the 11th and 12th Cs an important change came. All monks were ordained as priests. Before that time it was the exception for a monk to be a priest, which meant they weren't allowed to offer the sacraments. Once they were priests, they could.The monastic life was praised as the highest form of earthly existence. The convent was compared to The Promised Land and treated as the shortest and surest road to heaven. The secular life, even the life of the secular priest, was compared to Egypt. The passage to the cloister was called conversion, and monks were converts. They reached the Christian ideal.The monastic life was likened to the life of the angels. Bernard said to his fellow monks, “Are you not already like the angels of God, having abstained from marriage.”Even kings and princes desired to take the monastic vow and be clad in the monk's habit. So even though Frederick II was a bitter foe of the Pope as he neared his death, he changed into the robes of a Cistercian monk. Rogers II and III of Sicily, along with William of Nevers all dressed up in monks robes as their end drew near. They thought doing so would mean a better chance at heaven. Spiritual camouflage to get past Peter.Accounts from the time make miracles part and parcel of the monk's daily life. He was surrounded by spirits. Visions and revelations occurred day and night. Devils roamed about at all hours in the cloistered halls. They were on evil errands to deceive the unwary and shake the faith of the careless. Elaborate accounts of these encounters are given by Peter the Venerable in his work on Miracles. He gives a detailed account of how these restless spiritual foes pulled the bedclothes off sleeping monks and, chuckling, left them across the cloister.While monasteries and convents were a major part of life in Middle Age Europe, many of them bastions of piety and scholarship, others didn't live up to that rep and became blockades to progress. As the years marched forward, the monastic ideal of holiness degenerated into a mere form that became superstitious and suspicious of anything new. So while some monasteries served as mid-wives to the Renaissance others were like Herod's soldiers trying to slay it in its infancy.As we end, I thought it good to do a brief review of what are called “the hours, the Divine Office or the breviary.” This was how monks and nuns divided their day.The time for these divisions varied from place to place but generally it went like this.In the early morning before dawn, a bell was rung that awakened the monks or nuns to a time of private reading and meditation. Then they all gathered for Nocturns, in which a psalm was read, there was chanting, then some lessons form Scripture or the Church Fathers.After that they went back to bed for a bit, then got up at dawn for another service called Lauds. Lauds was followed by another period of personal reading and prayer, which resolved in the cloister again gathering for Prime at 6 AM.Prime was followed by a period of work, which ended with Terce, a time for group prayer at about 9.Then there's more work from about 10 to just before Noon, when the nuns and brothers gather for Sext, a short service where a few psalms are read. That's followed by the mid-day meal, a nap, another short service at about 3 PM called None, named for the 9th hour since dawn.Then comes a few hours of work, dinner about 5:50, and Vespers at 6 PM.After Vespers the nuns and monks have a time of personal, private prayers; regather for the brief service Compline, then hit the sack.Protestants and Evangelicals might wonder where the idea for the canonical hours came from. There's some evidence they derived from the practice of the Apostles, who as Jews, observed set times during the day for prayer. In Acts 10 we read how Peter prayed at the 6th hour. The Roman Centurion Cornelius, who'd adopted the Jewish faith, prayed at the 9th hour. In Acts 16, Paul and Silas worshipped at Midnight; though that may have been because they were in stocks in the Philippian jail. As early as the 5th C, Christians were using references in the Psalms as cues to pray in the morning, at mid-day and at midnight.

This episode is titled – Monk Business Part 2In the early 13th C a couple new monastic orders of preaching monks sprang up known as the Mendicants. They were the Franciscans and Dominicans.The Franciscans were founded by Francis of Assisi. They concentrated on preaching to ordinary Christians, seeking to renew basic, Spirit-led discipleship. The mission of the Dominicans aimed at confronting heretics and aberrant ideas.The Dominicans were approved by the Pope as an official, church sponsored movement in 1216, the Franciscans received Papal endorsement 7 years later.They quickly gained the respect of scholars, princes, and popes, along with high regard by the masses. Their fine early reputation is counterbalanced by the idleness, ignorance, and in some cases, infamy, of their later history.To be a Mendicant meant to rely on charity for support. A salary or wage isn't paid by the church to support mendicant monks.The appearance of these two mendicant orders was one of the most significant events of the Middle Ages, and marks one of the notable revivals in the history of the Christian Church. They were the Salvation Army of the 13th C. At a time when the spirit of the Crusades was waning and heresies threatened authority, Francis d'Assisi and Dominic de Guzman, an Italian and a Spaniard, united in reviving the spirit of the Western Church. They started monasticism on a new path. They embodied Christian philanthropy; the sociological reformers of their age. The orders they birthed supplied the new universities and study of theology with some of their most brilliant lights.Two temperaments could scarcely have differed more widely than the temperaments of Francis and Dominic. The poet Dante described Francis as a Flame, igniting the world with love; Dominic he said, was a Light, illuminating the world.Francis is the most unpretentious, gentle, and lovable of all greats of monastic life.Dominic was, to put it bluntly à cold, systematic, and austere.Francis was greater than the order that sought to embody his ways.The Dominicans became greater than their master by taking his rules and building on them.Francis was like one of the apostles; Dominic a later and lesser leader.When you think of Francis, see him mingling with people or walking through a field, barefoot so his toes can feel the soil and grass. Dominic belongs in a study, surrounded by books, or in court pleading a case.Francis' lifework was to save souls. Dominic's was to defend the Church. Francis has been celebrated for his humility and gentleness; Dominic was called the “Hammer of heretics.”The two leaders probable met at least thre times. In 1217, they were both at Rome, and the Vatican proposed the union of the two orders into one organization. Dominic asked Francis for his cord, and bound himself with it, saying he desired the two to be one. A year later they again met at Francis' church in Assisi, and on the basis of what he saw, Dominic decided to embrace mendicancy, which the Dominicans adopted in 1220. In 1221, Dominic and Francis again met at Rome, when a powerful Cardinal tried to wrest control of the orders.Neither Francis nor Dominic wanted to reform existing monastic orders. At first, Francis had no intention of founding an order. He simply wanted to start a more organic movement of Christians to transform the world. Both Dominic and Francis sought to return the church to the simplicity and dynamic of Apostolic times.Their orders differed from the older monastic orders in several ways.First was their commitment to poverty. Dependence on charity was a primary commitment. Both forbade the possession of property. Not only did the individual monk pledge poverty, the entire order did as well.  You may remember from our last episode this was a major turn-around from nearly all the previous monastic orders, who while the individual monks were pledged to poverty, their houses could become quite wealthy and plush.The second feature was their devotion to practical activities in society. Previous monks had fled for solitude to the monastery. The Black and Gray Friars, as the Dominicans and Franciscans were called from the colors of their habits, gave themselves to the service of a needy world. To solitary contemplation they added immersion in the marketplace. Unlike some of the previous orders, they weren't consumed with warring against their own flesh. They turned their attention to battling the effects of evil on the world. They preached to the common people. They relieved poverty. They listened to and sought to redress the complaints of the oppressed.A third characteristic of the orders was that lay brotherhoods developed à a 3rd order, called the Tertiaries.  These were lay men and women who, while pursuing their usual vocations, were bound by oath to practice the virtues of the Christian life.Some Christians will hear this and say, “Wait – isn't that what all genuine followers in Christ are supposed to do– follow Jesus obediently while being employed as a mechanic, student, salesman, engineer school-teacher or whatever?”Indeed! But keep in mind that the doctrine of salvation by grace through faith, and living the Christian life by the power of the Spirit had been submerged under a lot of religion and ritual. It took the Reformation, three centuries later to clear away the ritualistic crust and restore the Gospel of Grace. In the 13th C, most people thought living a life that really pleased God meant being a monk, nun or priest. Lay brotherhood was a way for someone to in effect say – “My station in life doesn't allow me to live a cloistered life; but if I could, I would.” Many, probably most believed they were hopelessly sinful, but that by giving to their priest or supporting the local monastery, the full-time religious guys could rack up a surplus of godliness they could draw on to cover them. The church facilitated this mindset. The message wasn't explicit but implied was, “You go on and muddle through your helplessness, but if you support the church and her priests and monks, we'll be able to pray for your sorry soul and do works of kindness God will bless, then we'll extend our covering over you.”On an aside, while that sounds absurd to many today, don't in fact many repeat this? Don't they fall to the same error when a husband hopes his believing wife is religious enough for the both of them? Or when a teenager assumes his family's years of going to church will somehow reserve his/her spot in heaven? Salvation on the family-plan.Lay brotherhood was a way for commoners to say, “Yeah, I don't really buy that surrogate-holiness thing. I think God wants ME to follow Him and not trust someone else's faith.”A fourth feature was monks activity as teachers in the universities. They recognized these new centers of education held a powerful influence, and adapted themselves to the situation.While the Dominicans were quick to enter the universities, the Franciscans lagged. They did so because Francis had resisted learning. He was a bit of an anti-intellectualist. He was because he'd seen way too much of the scholarship of priests who ignored the poor. So he said things like, “Knowledge puffs up, but charity edifies.”To a novice he said, “If you have a songbook you'll want a prayer-book; and if you have a prayer-book, you'll sit on a high chair like a prelate, and say to your brother, 'Bring me my prayer-book.' ” To another he said, “The time of tribulation will come when books will be useless and be thrown away.”While this was Francis' attitude toward academics, his successors among the Franciscans built schools and became sought after as professors in places like the University of Paris. The Dominicans led the way, and established themselves early at the seats of the two great continental universities, Paris and Bologna.At Paris, Oxford, and Cologne, as well as a few other universities, they furnished the greatest of the Academics. Thomas Aquinas, Albertus Magnus, and Durandus, were Dominicans; John of St. Giles, Alexander Hales, Adam Marsh, Bonaventura, Duns Scotus, Ockham, and Roger Bacon were all Franciscans.The fifth notable feature of the Mendicant orders was their quick approval by the Pope. The Franciscans and Dominicans were the first monastic bodies to vow allegiance directly to him. No bishop, abbot, or general chapter intervened between order and Pope. The two orders became his bodyguard and proved themselves to be a bulwark of the papacy. The Pope had never had such organized support before. They helped him establish his authority over bishops. Wherever they went, which was everywhere in Europe, they made it their business to establish the principle of the Vatican's supremacy over princes and realms.The Franciscans and Dominicans became the enforcement arm for doctrinal orthodoxy. They excelled all others in hunting down and rooting out heretics. In Southern France, they wiped out heresy with a river of blood. They were the leading instruments of the Inquisition. Torquemada was a Dominican.  As early as 1232, Gregory IX officially authorized the Dominicans to carry out the Inquisition. And in a move that had to send Francis spinning at top speed in his burial plot, the Franciscans demanded the Pope grant them a share in the gruesome work. Under the lead of Duns Scotus they became champions of the doctrine of the immaculate conception of Mary.The rapid growth of the orders in number and influence was accompanied by bitter rivalry. The disputes between them were so violent that in 1255 their generals had to call on their monks to stop fighting. Each order was constantly jealous that the other enjoyed more favor with the pope than itself.It's sad to see how quickly the humility of Francis and the desire for truth in Dominic was set aside by the orders they gave rise to. Because of the papal favor they enjoyed, monks of both orders began to intrude into every parish and church, incurring the hostility of the clergy whose rights they usurped. They began doing specifically priestly services, things monks were not authorized to do, like hearing confession, granting absolution, and serving Communion.Though they'd begun as reform movements, they soon delayed reformation. They degenerated into obstinate obstructers of progress in theology and civilization. From being the advocates of learning, they became props to ignorance. The virtue of poverty was naught but a veneer for a vulgar and indolent insolence.These changes set in long before the end of the 13th C, the same century the Franciscans and Dominicans had their birth. Bishops opposed them. The secular clergy complained of them. Universities ridiculed and denounced them for their mock piety and abundant vices. They were compared to the Pharisees and Scribes. They were declaimed as hypocrites that bishops were urged to purge from their dioceses. Cardinals and princes repeatedly appealed to popes to end their intrusions into church affairs, but usually the popes were on the Mendicant's side.In the 15th C, one well-known teacher listed the four great persecutors of the Church; tyrants, heretics, antichrist, and the Mendicants.All of this is a sorry come-down from the lofty beginnings of their founders.We'll take the next couple episodes to go into a bit more depth on these two leaders and the orders they founded.As we end this episode, I want to again say thanks to all those listeners and subscribers who've “liked” and left comments on the CS FB page.I'd also like to say how appreciative I am to those who've gone to the iTunes subscription page for CS and left a positive review. Any donation to CS is appreciated.