Antibody isotype
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LIVE from ILADS: Tick Boot Camp reconnects with Nicole Bell, CEO of Galaxy Diagnostics, for a focused conversation about one of the biggest challenges in Lyme disease and tick-borne illness: getting an accurate diagnosis. Bell breaks down the differences between antibody testing, antigen testing, and PCR-based direct detection while explaining why stealth pathogens such as Borrelia, Bartonella, and Babesia can be so difficult to find. She also introduces Galaxy's BBB Direct Detect digital PCR testing, discusses emerging findings involving Babesia species, and explains why a negative antibody test doesn't always tell the entire story. For Bell, the mission is deeply personal. Her husband, Russ, initially tested negative for Lyme disease and was later diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease before his family ultimately discovered tick-borne infections were part of his complex illness. That experience helped redirect Bell's engineering and medical technology background toward improving diagnostics for other patients searching for answers. This interview was recorded live at the ILADS conference, so you may hear some of the energy and background activity of the event throughout the conversation. Why Can Lyme Disease Testing Be So Difficult? Bell begins by explaining one of the fundamental problems with diagnosing Lyme disease and other tick-borne infections: many of the pathogens clinicians are searching for can be difficult to detect. Some occur at low levels in the bloodstream. Others may migrate into tissues or circulate intermittently. Historically, much of tick-borne disease testing has therefore relied on indirect detection — looking for the patient's immune response rather than directly detecting the organism. Antibody testing can provide useful information, but Bell explains why interpretation can become complicated. A patient's antibody response can vary depending on factors including: Timing of infection Individual immune response Immune suppression or dysregulation Previous exposure Previous treatment Medications that suppress immune activity Cross-reactivity Whether an infection is current or historical This is why Bell views antibody testing as one tool rather than the entire diagnostic toolbox. Antibody Testing: Detecting the Immune Response Antibody testing is an indirect testing method. Instead of looking for Borrelia itself, for example, the test looks for evidence that the patient's immune system has responded to it. Bell discusses IgM and IgG antibodies and why timing matters. IgM antibodies are generally associated with an earlier immune response, while IgG responses can take longer to develop. In Lyme disease, that delay creates a particular challenge because early diagnosis and treatment can be especially important. Some infected patients may mount a strong measurable antibody response, while others may produce a weaker or delayed response. Bell points to research showing how dramatically immune responses can differ even under controlled experimental conditions. This creates an important distinction: A test of the immune response is not necessarily the same thing as a test for the pathogen itself. When Antibodies Don't Tell the Whole Story Bell uses her husband's experience to illustrate the stakes. Russ had likely been ill for years before his most significant symptoms emerged. By then, Bell says his immune system was dysregulated and his overall antibody levels were low. His Lyme testing was negative, and his worsening cognitive symptoms ultimately led to an Alzheimer's diagnosis. There is also another side to antibody testing. A person may have antibodies because of a previous infection even when the original infection is no longer active. That can make it difficult to determine whether persistent symptoms are associated with an ongoing infection, an undiagnosed coinfection, immune dysregulation, or another process. Bell's point is not that antibody testing has no value. It is that complex tick-borne illness may require more than one diagnostic tool. Antigen Testing: Looking for Evidence of the Pathogen The conversation then moves from indirect testing to direct detection. One method is antigen testing. Rather than measuring the immune system's response, an antigen test searches for a component associated with the pathogen itself. Bell discusses Galaxy's work with a urine-based Lyme disease antigen approach designed to capture and concentrate a protein shed by Borrelia. Why urine? Bell explains that Lyme-causing Borrelia may not remain abundantly present in the bloodstream. A pathogen-derived protein, however, may be filtered through the kidneys and become detectable in urine. Galaxy continues to work on direct-detection approaches to Lyme disease testing as it pursues broader clinical adoption and regulatory pathways. PCR Testing: Searching for Pathogen DNA Another form of direct detection is PCR testing. PCR looks for genetic material from the pathogen rather than relying on the patient's antibody response. Galaxy uses PCR-based approaches for pathogens including: Borrelia Bartonella Babesia But direct detection presents its own challenge. These organisms may occur at extremely low levels in a sample. A patient can be infected while very little pathogen DNA happens to be circulating in the particular blood sample collected that day. That is where digital PCR, or dPCR, becomes especially interesting. The Three B's: Borrelia, Bartonella & Babesia Bell introduces Galaxy's approach to what Tick Boot Camp often calls the Three B's: Borrelia. Bartonella. Babesia. As patient and clinician awareness of tick-borne illness has evolved, these three pathogens have become increasingly important to the conversation around complex cases. Galaxy's BBB Direct Detect digital PCR testing is designed to directly detect DNA from Borrelia, Bartonella, and Babesia. Unlike an antibody test asking whether the immune system has responded to a pathogen, direct PCR testing asks a different question: Can we find genetic evidence of the organism itself? How Digital PCR Searches for Low-Abundance Pathogens Bell gives a simple analogy for understanding digital PCR. Imagine searching for a needle in a haystack. Traditional PCR is trying to identify a tiny amount of pathogen DNA — the needle — among an enormous amount of human genetic material — the haystack. Digital PCR effectively divides that haystack into thousands of much smaller piles and examines them individually. That partitioning can make it easier to detect extremely small amounts of genetic material. Galaxy also uses a culture-enrichment step for Bartonella. The blood sample is placed in an environment designed to encourage Bartonella growth before PCR analysis, increasing the amount of target material available for detection. Learn more about Galaxy Diagnostics' direct-detection technology and its approaches to Borrelia, Bartonella, and Babesia testing. Why Are We Seeing So Many Coinfections? Tick Boot Camp and Bell also discuss an observation that has become increasingly common in patient interviews: many people with complex chronic tick-borne illness aren't reporting only Lyme disease. Instead, patients frequently describe combinations involving the Three B's and other infections. Why? Bell says several factors may contribute. Diagnostic technology has improved. Clinicians have become more aware of coinfections. Ecological research indicates ticks can carry multiple pathogens. But Bell raises another important possibility: patients carrying multiple pathogens may also be among those who become the sickest and therefore are disproportionately represented within chronic illness communities. That distinction matters. Observing many coinfections among severely ill patients doesn't necessarily mean every tick-borne disease patient has the same microbial picture. Bartonella, the Immune System & the Tipping Point Bell discusses Bartonella as an example of the complexity surrounding infection and illness. Exposure may be more common than many people realize, and Bartonella has multiple potential vectors and reservoirs. Bell describes a hypothesis in which some people may harbor an infection while their immune system keeps it under control. Then another infection, environmental exposure, significant stressor, or other immune-disrupting event may alter that balance. A person who had previously remained relatively healthy may cross what Bell describes as a tipping point and begin experiencing significant illness. This raises questions researchers are still working to answer. Were multiple infections transmitted simultaneously? Did they occur through separate exposures? Was one infection already present before another destabilized the immune system? Bell emphasizes that the answer may differ from patient to patient. Emerging Questions About Babesia Some of the most intriguing discussion in this interview involves Babesia. Bell explains that research associated with the North Carolina State University team has identified Babesia species in complex patients beyond the organisms traditionally emphasized in U.S. human babesiosis. She specifically discusses findings involving Babesia odocoilei and Babesia divergens-like organisms and contrasts those findings with expectations surrounding Babesia microti and Babesia duncani. Bell also discusses the possibility of low-level parasitemia — infections involving pathogen levels that may be much lower than the classic severe presentation clinicians associate with babesiosis. These emerging observations raise important research questions about Babesia species, their prevalence, their role in human disease, and whether existing diagnostic assumptions capture the full picture. Bell is careful in the interview to distinguish between what Galaxy's current assay detects and what researchers may suspect based on sequencing and related scientific work. Nicole Bell's Personal Mission Bell's work in tick-borne disease diagnostics grew out of an experience no family wants to have. Her husband, Russ, developed neurological and psychiatric symptoms, including cognitive problems, anxiety and hallucinations. Despite Bell specifically requesting Lyme disease testing early in his illness, his initial test was negative and his diagnostic journey eventually led to an Alzheimer's disease diagnosis. Bell later documented her family's experience in her memoir, What Lurks in the Woods. Today, she brings her engineering background and personal experience together in an effort to improve the diagnostic tools available to clinicians and patients. From MIT & Duke to Galaxy Diagnostics Nicole Bell is CEO of Galaxy Diagnostics and an engineer with extensive experience in medical devices and diagnostics. She earned bachelor's and master's degrees in Materials Science and Engineering from MIT and a master's degree in Biomedical Engineering from Duke University. Before joining Galaxy, she worked in technology and medical-device development, including leadership roles involving diagnostic platforms and FDA submissions. Bell became CEO of Galaxy Diagnostics in 2024, bringing together her professional background in engineering and diagnostics with the lessons learned through her husband's illness. The State of Lyme Disease Research Bell is also the primary author of The State of Lyme Disease Research in the United States for the Center for Lyme Action. The paper examines gaps in Lyme disease research and outlines recommendations involving fundamental science, diagnostics, prevention, treatment, and research infrastructure. In this interview, Bell references one particularly important issue explored in that work: delays in Lyme disease diagnosis and treatment are associated with a greater risk of patients experiencing persistent symptoms. Better testing isn't simply about producing a more sophisticated laboratory report. It's about helping clinicians get patients appropriate answers earlier. Key Topics in This Episode Lyme disease testing, Lyme diagnostics, Nicole Bell, Galaxy Diagnostics, Borrelia testing, Bartonella testing, Babesia testing, Three B's, BBB Direct Detect, digital PCR, dPCR, PCR testing, antibody testing, antigen testing, direct detection, indirect testing, stealth pathogens, Lyme disease antibodies, coinfections, polymicrobial tick-borne disease, low-abundance infections, Bartonella culture enrichment, Babesia microti, Babesia duncani, Babesia odocoilei, Babesia divergens, chronic Lyme disease, diagnostic delays, and tick-borne disease research. About This LIVE from ILADS Interview This short-form conversation was recorded in person at the 2025 International Lyme and Associated Diseases Society Annual Scientific Conference, From Terrain to Treatment: Advances in Vector-Borne Illness, held October 9–12, 2025, in San Antonio, Texas. Because these interviews were recorded live at the conference, they have a different feel from Tick Boot Camp's traditional long-form virtual and studio conversations — shorter, focused, and surrounded by the activity of one of the world's major gatherings of Lyme and tick-borne disease clinicians, researchers, advocates, and innovators. Explore all Tick Boot Camp LIVE from ILADS interviews. More from Tick Boot Camp Hear more conversations with Lyme disease doctors and healthcare professionals about testing, diagnosis, treatment, and complex tick-borne illness. Explore the Tick Boot Camp Podcast for interviews with patients, doctors, researchers, advocates, and innovators working to improve understanding of Lyme disease and help people move toward recovery.
Episode 209 The Four Sexual Assault Survivors of Unknown John Doe Offender*This episode carries a trigger warning* In 2001, an 84 year old woman was raped in her home in Manchester, CT. In 2004, another Manchester woman was raped. In 2007, another. In 2008, a fourth woman from the neighboring town of Vernon was victimized. A recognizable pattern emerged, and investigators knew they had a serial rapist on their hands. But they didn't know who he was. A John Doe warrant provided probable cause for arrest, but 10 years elapsed before IGG gave a name to John Doe. And the identity of the suspect would shock the community to its core.To listen to every episode of DNA: ID ad-free and get other benefits, simply visit our channel page on Apple Podcasts to get started with an AbJack Insider subscription. Of course, you can also support DNA: ID with a Patreon subscription.Follow us on social media; find all of our social media links in one spot at our Linktree: linktr.ee/dnaidpodcastVisit this link to buy DNA ID Merch©2026 AbJack Entertainment -All rights reserved. This content is the sole property of AbJack Entertainment. Any unauthorized re-selling, re-purposing, or re-distribution, is strictly prohibited, and will be subject to legal action. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.
Dr. Jenn Simmons speaks with pharmacist turned integrative health author Dr. Isabella Wentz about the hidden drivers of IBS, why so many people get mislabeled without answers, and how gut issues can connect to autoimmune disease, hormones, and chronic inflammation. Dr. Wentz shares her own path from conventional pharmacy into root-cause medicine, including how her personal experience with fatigue, IBS, and Hashimoto's changed everything.We discuss the limits of standard IBS care, the most useful testing strategies, and the major causes she sees in practice, from SIBO and food sensitivities to protozoal infections and hormone disruption. This conversation is especially useful for anyone who has been told their digestive symptoms are “just IBS” and wants a more complete framework.Key topicsDr. Wentz shares how she entered pharmacy school wanting to invent drugs, not practice natural medicine, and how her own illness redirected her career.Her first major gut issue began in pharmacy school with fatigue and severe IBS symptoms, which improved after removing certain soy-based meal replacements.She explains IBS as a wastebasket diagnosis, not a true root-cause diagnosis, and says it often reflects a much bigger underlying problem.She notes that IBS can precede autoimmune conditions by 5 to 10 years, which is why gut symptoms should be taken seriously.She outlines red flags that should prompt further testing, including rectal bleeding, blood in stool, weight loss, fever, and new IBS symptoms after age 35 to 40.She recommends functional testing such as SIBO breath testing and comprehensive stool analysis like GI Map or Gut Zoomer to look for dysbiosis, low enzymes, and infections.She explains why SIBO often comes back if the true driver is not addressed, such as low thyroid function, low stomach acid, H. pylori, or protozoal infection.She cautions against overly restrictive diets, saying many people end up with “gluten-free junk food” patterns or elimination diets so strict they create new problems.She discusses food sensitivity testing, saying results vary widely by method, but she has seen strong practical value in IgG testing for symptom tracking.She highlights the role of parasites and protozoa, especially microscopic organisms like Giardia and Blastocystis, and her preference for testing rather than guessing.She and Dr. Simmons discuss hormone effects on digestion, including how progesterone decline and estrogen dominance may contribute to constipation and IBS symptoms.Dr. Wentz emphasizes that healing should support real life, not perfection, so people can travel, eat normally sometimes, and still feel well.Timestamps00:00 - Why Dr. Wentz wrote her fifth book on IBS 03:29 - From pharmacy school to the first signs something was wrong 04:42 - Fatigue, IBS, and the soy lecithin discovery 06:57 - When Hashimoto's changed the entire direction of her career 08:21 - Why root-cause medicine became impossible to ignore 10:51 - How she found answers before functional medicine was mainstream 13:54 - Why IBS is often the wrong label for the real problem 18:39 - Red flags that should never be written off as IBS 21:26 - The two tests she relies on most: SIBO and stool analysis 23:15 - Why SIBO keeps returning when the root cause remains 26:53 - Protozoa, infections, and why SIBO is often secondary 28:18 - Movement, walking, and improving gut motility 29:06 - What IBS still gets wrong today 30:17 - Why gluten and dairy are often the first foods to remove 31:33 - When elimination diets become too extreme 33:30 - Processed “healthy” foods, artificial sweeteners, and gut irritation 36:27 - Birth control, IBS risk, and hidden hormone effects 42:26 - Progesterone, estrogen dominance, and constipation cycles 45:04 - Gut connections to anxiety, TMJ, fibromyalgia, and chronic fatigue 47:50 - Parasites, protozoa, and how Dr. Wentz tests for them 52:28 - Full moon timing and why collection method matters 54:28 - Why food sensitivity testing depends on the test used 57:17 - Getting foods back after elimination 59:33 - Her own shift away from perfectionism 62:50 - What the IBS book covers and who should read it 65:10 - Where to find Dr. Wentz onlineTo talk to a member of Dr. Jenn's team and learn more about working with Dr. Jenn visit: https://calendly.com/stephanie-1031/clarity-callTo get your copy of Dr. Jenn's book, The Smart Woman's Guide to Breast Cancer, visit: https://tinyurl.com/SmartWomansBreastCancerGuideConnect with Dr. Jenn:Website: https://www.perfeqtionimaging.com/Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/DrJennSimmonsInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/drjennsimmons/YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@dr.jennsimmons
What if the virus is gone, but your body still has not recovered? Dr. Linda Bluestein is joined again by Dr. Ina Stephens, associate director of the UVA Health EDS and Hypermobility Disorders Center, to unpack what can happen after Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), especially when post-exertional malaise (PEM), autonomic symptoms, and repeated crashes continue long after the initial infection. Starting with a listener question from someone recovering from EBV who keeps crashing after activity, Dr. Stephens explains how EBV testing is interpreted, what IgM, IgG, early antigen, and EBNA may tell you, and why a “reactivation” result does not always mean the virus itself is the main problem. They also get into what may help recovery. The discussion includes antiviral treatment, pacing, sleep, anti-inflammatory nutrition, mitochondrial and muscle support, and supplements such as creatine monohydrate, HMB, taurine, glutathione, and urolithin A. Dr. Stephens also explains why deep diaphragmatic breathing may help calm the autonomic nervous system and what to do when you are already in a PEM crash. Takeaways: EBV testing can be confusing, and the pattern of antibodies matters more than any single result. A positive marker for EBV reactivation does not necessarily mean active viral replication is driving symptoms. Antivirals are most likely to help when active viral replication is actually occurring. Pushing through PEM can make recovery harder, so pacing matters. Sleep, nutrition, breathing practices, and selected supplements may help support recovery. Want to learn more about the UVA EDS Center? For Appointments and Questions: RUVAEDSCenter@uvahealth.orgUVA EDS: https://www.uvahealth.com/healthy-practice/advancing-care-through-ehlers-danlos-clinicUVA EDS FAQ: https://www.uvahealth.com/support/eds/faq UVA Pediatric Integrative Medicine: https://childrens.uvahealth.com/specialties/integrative-health Want more Dr. Linda Bluestein, MD?Website: https://www.hypermobilitymd.com/YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@bendybodiespodcastInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/hypermobilitymd/Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/BendyBodiesPodcastX: https://twitter.com/BluesteinLindaLinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/hypermobilitymd/Newsletter: https://hypermobilitymd.substack.com/Shop my Amazon store https://www.amazon.com/shop/hypermobilitymdDr. Bluestein's Recommended Herbs, Supplements and Care Necessities: https://us.fullscript.com/welcome/hypermobilitymd/store-start Thank YOU so much for tuning in. We hope you found this episode informative, inspiring, useful, validating, and enjoyable. Join us on the next episode for YOUR time to level up your knowledge about hypermobility disorders and the people who have them. Join YOUR Bendy Bodies community at https://www.bendybodiespodcast.com/. YOUR bendy body is our highest priority! Learn more about Human Content at http://www.human-content.com Podcast Advertising/Business Inquiries: sales@human-content.com Part of the Human Content Podcast Network Go http://www.AquaTru.com now for 20% off (your purifier) using promo code BENDY. FTC: This video is not sponsored. Links are commissionable, meaning I may earn commission from purchases made through links Chapter: 00:00 EBV Everywhere00:29 Welcome and Episode Roadmap02:10 Corey's PEM Question02:52 What EBV Does in the Body06:03 Healing PEM From the Ground Up10:37 Vagus Nerve Breathing Tools16:31 Mitochondrial Supplements and Dosing29:36 EBV Labs Reactivation vs New Infection40:58 IgM and Monospot Memory42:07 Cold Sores and Antivirals44:47 Why Reactivation Varies49:21 Holistic Medicine Not Silos51:11 Vagus Nerve Breathing Basics55:00 Stress Hormones and Inflammation01:00:54 Urolithin A and Mitophagy01:08:49 PEM Recovery and Wrap Up Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
What if the virus is gone, but your body still has not recovered? Dr. Linda Bluestein is joined again by Dr. Ina Stephens, associate director of the UVA Health EDS and Hypermobility Disorders Center, to unpack what can happen after Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), especially when post-exertional malaise (PEM), autonomic symptoms, and repeated crashes continue long after the initial infection. Starting with a listener question from someone recovering from EBV who keeps crashing after activity, Dr. Stephens explains how EBV testing is interpreted, what IgM, IgG, early antigen, and EBNA may tell you, and why a “reactivation” result does not always mean the virus itself is the main problem. They also get into what may help recovery. The discussion includes antiviral treatment, pacing, sleep, anti-inflammatory nutrition, mitochondrial and muscle support, and supplements such as creatine monohydrate, HMB, taurine, glutathione, and urolithin A. Dr. Stephens also explains why deep diaphragmatic breathing may help calm the autonomic nervous system and what to do when you are already in a PEM crash. Takeaways: EBV testing can be confusing, and the pattern of antibodies matters more than any single result. A positive marker for EBV reactivation does not necessarily mean active viral replication is driving symptoms. Antivirals are most likely to help when active viral replication is actually occurring. Pushing through PEM can make recovery harder, so pacing matters. Sleep, nutrition, breathing practices, and selected supplements may help support recovery. Want to learn more about the UVA EDS Center? For Appointments and Questions: RUVAEDSCenter@uvahealth.orgUVA EDS: https://www.uvahealth.com/healthy-practice/advancing-care-through-ehlers-danlos-clinicUVA EDS FAQ: https://www.uvahealth.com/support/eds/faq UVA Pediatric Integrative Medicine: https://childrens.uvahealth.com/specialties/integrative-health Want more Dr. Linda Bluestein, MD?Website: https://www.hypermobilitymd.com/YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@bendybodiespodcastInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/hypermobilitymd/Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/BendyBodiesPodcastX: https://twitter.com/BluesteinLindaLinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/hypermobilitymd/Newsletter: https://hypermobilitymd.substack.com/Shop my Amazon store https://www.amazon.com/shop/hypermobilitymdDr. Bluestein's Recommended Herbs, Supplements and Care Necessities: https://us.fullscript.com/welcome/hypermobilitymd/store-start Thank YOU so much for tuning in. We hope you found this episode informative, inspiring, useful, validating, and enjoyable. Join us on the next episode for YOUR time to level up your knowledge about hypermobility disorders and the people who have them. Join YOUR Bendy Bodies community at https://www.bendybodiespodcast.com/. YOUR bendy body is our highest priority! Learn more about Human Content at http://www.human-content.com Podcast Advertising/Business Inquiries: sales@human-content.com Part of the Human Content Podcast Network Go http://www.AquaTru.com now for 20% off (your purifier) using promo code BENDY. FTC: This video is not sponsored. Links are commissionable, meaning I may earn commission from purchases made through links Chapter: 00:00 EBV Everywhere00:29 Welcome and Episode Roadmap02:10 Corey's PEM Question02:52 What EBV Does in the Body06:03 Healing PEM From the Ground Up10:37 Vagus Nerve Breathing Tools16:31 Mitochondrial Supplements and Dosing29:36 EBV Labs Reactivation vs New Infection40:58 IgM and Monospot Memory42:07 Cold Sores and Antivirals44:47 Why Reactivation Varies49:21 Holistic Medicine Not Silos51:11 Vagus Nerve Breathing Basics55:00 Stress Hormones and Inflammation01:00:54 Urolithin A and Mitophagy01:08:49 PEM Recovery and Wrap Up Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Donate to the Institute: https://givenow.nova.edu/assaf-family-and-community-me-cfs-endowed-fund-campaign/?a=1 In today's episode, Haylie Pomroy sits down with Dr. Nancy Klimas, Director of the Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, to answer the community's most pressing questions about viral reactivation in ME/CFS and long COVID. Dr. Klimas explains what latent viral infections are, how Epstein-Barr virus reactivation is one of the strongest predictors of who develops long COVID, and why the COVID virus itself may be persisting in the GI tract of some long COVID patients long after the acute infection resolves. She walks through the specific tests patients can request to assess viral reactivation, why the IgM and IgG interpretation taught in medical school is outdated, and what the immune response patterns actually reveal about whether a virus has recently reactivated or gone quiet. The conversation also addresses why siloed medicine consistently fails this patient population, why one treatment will never be enough for an illness that imbalances the endocrine, immune, autonomic, and inflammatory systems simultaneously, and why this is the worst possible time to give up. This is the field's best and most essential message for anyone still searching. Tune in to the Hope and Help For Fatigue and Chronic Illness podcast. Dr. Nancy Klimas, a clinical immunologist by training, is the director of the Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, who has allotted her life to helping other people find cures for their complex illnesses that were once considered helpless. She works with her fellow medical experts in researching and analyzing the deeper causes of such diseases, particularly on the neuro-immunity side, to provide the best option suited for every single case or story they handle. LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/nancy-klimas-49255178/ Instagram: https://instagram.com/nancyklimas Twitter: https://x.com/ngklimas?s=20 Haylie Pomroy, Founder and CEO of The Haylie Pomroy Group, is a leading health strategist specializing in metabolism, weight loss, and integrative wellness. With over 25 years of experience, she has worked with top medical institutions and high-profile clients, developing targeted programs and supplements rooted in the "Food is Medicine" philosophy. Inspired by her own autoimmune journey, she combines expertise in nutrition, biochemistry, and patient advocacy to help others reclaim their health. She is a New York Times bestselling author of The Fast Metabolism Diet. Learn more about Haylie Pomroy's approach to wellness through her website: https://hayliepomroy.com Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/hayliepomroy Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/hayliepomroy YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@hayliepomroy/videos LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/hayliepomroy/ X: https://x.com/hayliepomroy Thank you for tuning in to the Hope and Help For Fatigue and Chronic Illness Podcast. Sign up today for our newsletter.
Episode 208 DOE ID: Sadie Belle Murray AKA Sarah SharkeyIn July 1971, a living Jane Doe was found beaten and unconscious on a rural dirt road in Howard County, MD. The woman lingered for nearly two months before succumbing to her injuries, but was never able to communicate, so her identity remained unknown. Not until a determined investigator applied IGG to her case was her name revealed: Sarah Sharkey. While news of her identification reunited long lost family members, there remain a lot of questions about who killed Sarah.This episode is sponsored by Mint Mobile; stop overpaying for Wireless. Listeners of DNA ID can try Mint Mobile for $15 a month. To listen to every episode of DNA: ID ad-free and get other benefits, simply visit our channel page on Apple Podcasts to get started with an AbJack Insider subscription. Of course, you can also support DNA: ID with a Patreon subscription.Follow us on social media; find all of our social media links in one spot at our Linktree: linktr.ee/dnaidpodcastVisit this link to buy DNA ID Merch©2026 AbJack Entertainment -All rights reserved. This content is the sole property of AbJack Entertainment. Any unauthorized re-selling, re-purposing, or re-distribution, is strictly prohibited, and will be subject to legal action. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.
Welcome back to the Dr. Kinney Show!In this solo episode, I'm doing a deeper dive into Epstein-Barr virus, one of the most common viruses I see reactivated in patients dealing with unexplained fatigue, joint pain, brain fog, anxiety, thyroid issues, and other chronic symptoms.Epstein-Barr virus can stay dormant in the body for years after the initial infection. But when your immune system becomes overwhelmed or your body is under prolonged stress, the virus can reactivate and become a major internal stressor. I explain what that can look like, how it affects your cortisol and energy, what testing to ask your provider for, and some of the approaches I use to help support the immune system and lower viral load.In this episode, I discuss: What Epstein-Barr virus is and how it relates to mono Why Epstein-Barr can remain dormant in the body for years What can cause the virus to reactivate Why reactivated Epstein-Barr can become a major internal stressor Common symptoms including extreme fatigue, joint pain, muscle aches, brain fog, poor exercise recovery, and anxiety The connection between Epstein-Barr and autoimmune thyroid conditions like Hashimoto's and Graves' disease Why Epstein-Barr reactivation can make perimenopause symptoms feel more intense The four Epstein-Barr antibody tests I commonly look at and what they can tell you Why the early antigen IgG can be important when evaluating reactivation How white blood cells, lymphocytes, monocytes, and CD57 cells can provide more information about immune function Why rest and nervous system regulation are foundational when supporting the body through Epstein-Barr reactivation How medicinal mushrooms, olive leaf, cat's claw, zinc, and other tools may be used to support immune function Why antiviral medications may help lower viral load but do not replace supporting the immune system The relationship between thyroid function, cortisol, body temperature, and viral activity Why doing all the supplements without changing a chronically stressful lifestyle may keep the body from fully recoveringIf you've been dealing with fatigue that sleep does not fix, unexplained joint pain, anxiety, thyroid issues, or symptoms that seem to flare when your body is under stress, Epstein-Barr may be one piece worth investigating with your provider.The biggest takeaway is that treatment is not only about attacking the virus. Your immune system needs enough energy and downtime to do its job. Supporting your nervous system, prioritizing rest, and understanding what is happening inside your body can be just as important as any supplement or medication.Connect with Dr. KinneyExplore resources, tools, and more from Dr. Erin Kinney:https://www.drerinkinney.com/Take the free Cortisol Debt Score and discover where you stand:https://www.drerinkinney.com/the-cortisol-debt-scoreLearn more about my latest book, The Cortisol Cure:https://www.drerinkinney.com/the-cortisol-cureJoin The Cortisol Cure Communityhttps://www.drerinkinney.com/cortisol-cure-community
Bryan Kohberger's defense relied on a series of declarations from experts and outside professionals to challenge different parts of the State's case and to support requests for greater access to evidence. Sy Ray, a former law-enforcement investigator specializing in cellphone-location analysis, attacked aspects of the State's interpretation and production of AT&T records, particularly the absence of Timing Advance data that he said could provide more precise location information. Ray argued that investigators had obtained such data for thousands of other devices and suggested that the lack of comparable data for Kohberger's phone deserved scrutiny. Genetic genealogist Gabriella Vargas focused on investigative genetic genealogy, warning that law enforcement had sometimes obtained genealogy results in ways that violated database terms or internal policies and arguing that the defense needed the underlying IGG records to determine whether that had happened here. Stephen Mercer, an attorney with extensive experience litigating forensic DNA issues, made a similar point, arguing that the defense could not meaningfully test the reliability of the genealogy investigation without seeing how the SNP profile was generated, how the family tree was constructed, which relatives were identified and how investigators moved from an unknown sheath-DNA profile to Kohberger.Grace Wong's declaration served a different purpose. As a Court TV representative, she supported the media coalition opposing the defense request to remove cameras from the courtroom, explaining that Court TV had followed Judge John Judge's restrictions, used a variety of courtroom shots and could adjust its coverage to comply with even more specific limitations without eliminating cameras altogether. Her declaration therefore did not support Kohberger's innocence or challenge the forensic case against him; it addressed courtroom access and argued that responsible camera coverage could coexist with Kohberger's right to a fair trial. Taken together, the declarations illustrated how many separate fronts were being litigated before trial: Ray challenged aspects of the cellphone evidence, Vargas and Mercer pressed for deeper disclosure of the genetic-genealogy process, while Wong addressed the public-access fight surrounding one of the most heavily covered criminal cases in the country.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.com
Bryan Kohberger's defense relied on a series of declarations from experts and outside professionals to challenge different parts of the State's case and to support requests for greater access to evidence. Sy Ray, a former law-enforcement investigator specializing in cellphone-location analysis, attacked aspects of the State's interpretation and production of AT&T records, particularly the absence of Timing Advance data that he said could provide more precise location information. Ray argued that investigators had obtained such data for thousands of other devices and suggested that the lack of comparable data for Kohberger's phone deserved scrutiny. Genetic genealogist Gabriella Vargas focused on investigative genetic genealogy, warning that law enforcement had sometimes obtained genealogy results in ways that violated database terms or internal policies and arguing that the defense needed the underlying IGG records to determine whether that had happened here. Stephen Mercer, an attorney with extensive experience litigating forensic DNA issues, made a similar point, arguing that the defense could not meaningfully test the reliability of the genealogy investigation without seeing how the SNP profile was generated, how the family tree was constructed, which relatives were identified and how investigators moved from an unknown sheath-DNA profile to Kohberger.Grace Wong's declaration served a different purpose. As a Court TV representative, she supported the media coalition opposing the defense request to remove cameras from the courtroom, explaining that Court TV had followed Judge John Judge's restrictions, used a variety of courtroom shots and could adjust its coverage to comply with even more specific limitations without eliminating cameras altogether. Her declaration therefore did not support Kohberger's innocence or challenge the forensic case against him; it addressed courtroom access and argued that responsible camera coverage could coexist with Kohberger's right to a fair trial. Taken together, the declarations illustrated how many separate fronts were being litigated before trial: Ray challenged aspects of the cellphone evidence, Vargas and Mercer pressed for deeper disclosure of the genetic-genealogy process, while Wong addressed the public-access fight surrounding one of the most heavily covered criminal cases in the country.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.comBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-moscow-murders-and-more--5852883/support.
The dispute centered on Bryan Kohberger's defense effort to obtain and potentially suppress DNA evidence connected to the knife sheath found beside Madison Mogen's body. Kohberger's attorneys had repeatedly demanded the underlying genetic material and investigative records used by law enforcement, particularly information connected to investigative genetic genealogy, or IGG, that had helped investigators develop Kohberger as a suspect. Judge John Judge ordered prosecutors to submit the disputed DNA material to the court for an in-camera review, with a December 1, 2023 deadline, so he could determine what information the defense was legally entitled to receive. The defense argued that it needed access to the material to examine how investigators arrived at Kohberger, test the reliability of the genetic work and determine whether constitutional or discovery violations had occurred during the investigation.The possibility of getting the DNA evidence thrown out depended on whether Kohberger's lawyers could show that investigators had obtained or used it unlawfully rather than simply demonstrating that the IGG process had helped point police toward him. Even if the defense successfully challenged portions of the genealogy investigation, prosecutors had a separate and much stronger evidentiary step: after Kohberger's arrest, investigators obtained a direct DNA sample from him and reported that it matched the male DNA recovered from the sheath. That meant the defense faced a difficult task in trying to suppress the final DNA comparison, because prosecutors could argue that the direct match was supported independently of the genealogy work. The fight therefore became about far more than the statistical strength of the sheath DNA; it was about whether the investigative path that led police to Kohberger had been conducted lawfully and whether any violation was serious enough to keep one of the prosecution's most important pieces of evidence away from a jury.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.com
The dispute centered on Bryan Kohberger's defense effort to obtain and potentially suppress DNA evidence connected to the knife sheath found beside Madison Mogen's body. Kohberger's attorneys had repeatedly demanded the underlying genetic material and investigative records used by law enforcement, particularly information connected to investigative genetic genealogy, or IGG, that had helped investigators develop Kohberger as a suspect. Judge John Judge ordered prosecutors to submit the disputed DNA material to the court for an in-camera review, with a December 1, 2023 deadline, so he could determine what information the defense was legally entitled to receive. The defense argued that it needed access to the material to examine how investigators arrived at Kohberger, test the reliability of the genetic work and determine whether constitutional or discovery violations had occurred during the investigation.The possibility of getting the DNA evidence thrown out depended on whether Kohberger's lawyers could show that investigators had obtained or used it unlawfully rather than simply demonstrating that the IGG process had helped point police toward him. Even if the defense successfully challenged portions of the genealogy investigation, prosecutors had a separate and much stronger evidentiary step: after Kohberger's arrest, investigators obtained a direct DNA sample from him and reported that it matched the male DNA recovered from the sheath. That meant the defense faced a difficult task in trying to suppress the final DNA comparison, because prosecutors could argue that the direct match was supported independently of the genealogy work. The fight therefore became about far more than the statistical strength of the sheath DNA; it was about whether the investigative path that led police to Kohberger had been conducted lawfully and whether any violation was serious enough to keep one of the prosecution's most important pieces of evidence away from a jury.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.comBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-moscow-murders-and-more--5852883/support.
In this episode of The Dairy Podcast Show, Dr. Sabine Mann, Associate Professor at Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, explains how transition cow nutrition, dry cow care, and colostrum feeding shape calf resilience. She discusses seasonal colostrum shortages, colostrum banking, IgG transfer, and why the first-feeding volume should match the calf's body weight. Listen now on all major platforms!"Colostrum protocols should maximize IgG intake while respecting the calf's biological capacity at first feeding."Meet the guest: Dr. Sabine Mann is an Associate Professor at Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine. Her research integrates metabolism, nutrition, immunology, and epidemiology to improve resilience in dairy cows and calves. She earned a PhD from Cornell University and a DVM from the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, in Germany. Learn more from Dr. Sabine Mann on The Dairy Podcast Show, available on all major platforms.Liked this one? Don't stop now — Here's what we think you'll love!Dr. Patrick French: Sorghum Silage for Dairy Cows | Ep. 166Dr. Bill Stone: Feed Consistency Strategies | Ep. 202What you'll learn:(00:00) Highlight(01:54) Introduction(03:53) Transition pair(06:51) Colostrum nutrition(12:14) Dry cow management(16:44) Colostrum shortages(21:39) Feeding volume(30:40) Final questionsThe Dairy Podcast Show is trusted and supported by innovative companies like:- Protekta* CowManager* Agri-Comfort* Afimilk* Adisseo* Evonik- dsm-firmenich- Chemlock Nutrition- Natural Biologics- Rangen Group- AHV- DietForge- Agrarian Solutions
Episode 207 Patricia 'Patsy' Barnes Part 1 of 2In the summer of 1995, Patricia “Patsy” Barnes was a fixture in the Seattle, WA transient community. Patsy never met a stranger, and when she disappeared, police had a lot of work to do to try to figure out who shot her, wrapped her nude body in an old sleeping bag, and dumped her in a ditch in a residential neighborhood in Kitsap County. Despite their best efforts and a detailed sketch of her abductor, the case went unsolved. It took four consistent samples of DNA and IGG to identify her killer, whose own story was a tale as old as time, with a dramatic finalé.This episode is sponsored by Thrive Market. Visit our special listener link to save $30 off of your first two orders, and if you act by September 19,2026, you will also receive 25% off of your order. To listen to every episode of DNA: ID ad-free and get other benefits, simply visit our channel page on Apple Podcasts to get started with an AbJack Insider subscription. Of course, you can also support DNA: ID with a Patreon subscription.Follow us on social media; find all of our social media links in one spot at our Linktree: linktr.ee/dnaidpodcastVisit this link to buy DNA ID Merch©2026 AbJack Entertainment -All rights reserved. This content is the sole property of AbJack Entertainment. Any unauthorized re-selling, re-purposing, or re-distribution, is strictly prohibited, and will be subject to legal action. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.
Investigative genetic genealogist CeCe Moore has commented on the FBI's use of Investigative Genetic Genealogy (IGG) in the Bryan Kohberger case, emphasizing the importance of ethical practices to maintain public support for this investigative tool. Moore noted that while the FBI's actions did not violate the law, they did breach the terms of service of certain genealogy databases, raising privacy concerns. She stressed that the continued success of IGG relies on public trust, which can be undermined if investigators do not adhere to ethical standards.Moore highlighted that the effectiveness of IGG depends on public participation and the willingness of individuals to share their genetic information. She cautioned that misuse or perceived overreach in employing IGG could lead to public backlash, potentially limiting its future utility in solving crimes. Therefore, maintaining ethical guidelines is crucial to preserve the public's trust and the viability of IGG as a law enforcement tool.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.comsource:Bryan Kohberger case: FBI's DNA tactics legal, but they raise another concern | Fox News
What if the test that diagnosed your Lyme disease, and the theory behind it, was never actually proven in the first place?In this episode of Integrative Lyme Solutions, Dr. K sits down with Dr. Thomas Cowan, a physician and author of The Contagion Myth, for a conversation that questions one of the most basic assumptions in the Lyme disease world: that borrelia has actually been shown to cause the illness. Dr. Cowan spent years as an ER doctor before turning his attention to what he calls the unexamined foundations of modern medicine, and in this conversation he walks through why he believes the original Lyme research, the antibody tests built on it, and even the concept of an immune system itself don't hold up to the kind of scrutiny any other medical claim would require.They get into the 1980s study that first linked spirochetes to Lyme disease, why Dr. Cowan says antibody tests can't be trusted to identify anything specific, and what he does instead when a patient walks in exhausted, in pain, and carrying a diagnosis that hasn't made them any better. If you've ever been told you have chronic Lyme disease and felt like the label explained less than it promised, this conversation offers a different way to think about what's actually happening in your body.Key Takeaways:Why Dr. Thomas Cowan argues the original Lyme disease study never proved borrelia causes the illnessThe case against Lyme antibody testing: why a positive IgG or IgM result may not mean what patients are told it meansWhy long-term antibiotic use, not lingering infection, may explain chronic Lyme disease symptoms for some patientsDr. Cowan's approach to chronic illness: treating a patient's health history instead of the Lyme disease labelWhy there is no clinical definition of Lyme disease, and what that means for anyone diagnosing themselves off a bullseye rash or brain fogSchedule a Free 15-Min Cancer/Lyme Consultation at The Karlfeldt Center: 208-338-8902Resources:The New Biology Clinic - https://newbiologyclinic.com/Medical Disclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or replace professional medical advice. Always consult your physician or qualified healthcare provider regarding any medical condition or treatment decisions.
Learn about lyme/bartonella/coinfection testing & diagnosis with CEO of Galaxy Diagnostics, Nicole Bell.We dive into WHY standard Lyme disease testing can miss cases, what IgM and IgG antibodies can—and cannot—tell us, and how direct-detection methods such as PCR and urine antigen testing differ from ELISA, Western blot, and FISH testing.We also discuss:Why a negative Western blot does not necessarily rule out Lyme diseaseThe difference between antibody testing and direct pathogen detectionWhy testing for Borrelia, Bartonella, and Babesia mattersHow IgM cross-reactivity can complicate test interpretationPersistent infection versus post-treatment Lyme disease syndromeWhy multiple positive antibodies do not always mean multiple active infectionsThe emerging connection between infections, neuroinflammation, dementia, and cognitive declineWhy insurance coverage for advanced testing remains so difficultHow to advocate for yourself when a diagnosis does not explain your symptomsThis conversation is a powerful reminder that receiving a diagnosis does not necessarily mean you have found the root cause. Chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, dementia, and even PCOS describe patterns of symptoms-but the bigger question is: WHY are those symptoms happening?My Website & Work with Me: Instagram: www.instagram.com/faithandfitwww.upliftfitnutrition.comEmail for coaching & phone consults: laceydunn@upliftfitnutrition.com & fitandfaith@gmail.comFind Galazy Diagnostics at: https://www.galaxydx.com
Investigative genetic genealogist CeCe Moore has commented on the FBI's use of Investigative Genetic Genealogy (IGG) in the Bryan Kohberger case, emphasizing the importance of ethical practices to maintain public support for this investigative tool. Moore noted that while the FBI's actions did not violate the law, they did breach the terms of service of certain genealogy databases, raising privacy concerns. She stressed that the continued success of IGG relies on public trust, which can be undermined if investigators do not adhere to ethical standards.Moore highlighted that the effectiveness of IGG depends on public participation and the willingness of individuals to share their genetic information. She cautioned that misuse or perceived overreach in employing IGG could lead to public backlash, potentially limiting its future utility in solving crimes. Therefore, maintaining ethical guidelines is crucial to preserve the public's trust and the viability of IGG as a law enforcement tool.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.comsource:Bryan Kohberger case: FBI's DNA tactics legal, but they raise another concern | Fox NewsBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-moscow-murders-and-more--5852883/support.
Gluten causes a transient leaky gut in everyone who eats it — not just people who are gluten sensitive. In Part 1 of this two-part deep dive, Dr. Steven Noseworthy breaks down what gluten actually is, the two "universal" reactions your gut has to wheat whether you're sensitive or not, and why food allergy, food sensitivity, and food intolerance are three completely different things your doctor may be using interchangeably.You'll learn what gluten is made of (gliadin and glutenin), why celiac disease research spent decades hyper-focused on just one gluten subtype, and how the 1940s wartime observations of a Dutch pediatrician named Willem Dicke first cracked open the gluten-celiac connection.Then Dr. Noseworthy explains the two reactions to wheat that happen to everybody, sensitive or not: how gliadin binds the CXCR3 receptor in your gut lining to release zonulin and transiently open your gut barrier, and how a separate wheat protein family called ATIs (amylase trypsin inhibitors) triggers inflammation through your innate immune system's TLR4 receptor — whether or not you have any gluten sensitivity at all.Finally, he untangles one of the most misused sets of terms in nutrition: allergy, sensitivity, and intolerance are not interchangeable. A wheat allergy is a fast, IgE-driven histamine reaction. Gluten sensitivity is a slower, IgG-linked, symptom-dependent reaction that looks different from person to person. And an intolerance — like lactose intolerance — isn't an immune reaction at all, it's a missing enzyme. Knowing which one you're actually dealing with changes everything about how you test for it and treat it.In This Episode:- What gluten actually is — gliadin, glutenin, and why gluten-free baking is its own science project- The real history of celiac disease, from ancient Greece to a WWII bread shortage in the Netherlands- Why "non-celiac gluten sensitivity" wasn't even named until 2011 — and why the term is already being replaced- The two gluten/wheat reactions that happen in everyone: transient leaky gut (zonulin) and gut inflammation (ATIs/TLR4)- Food allergy vs. food sensitivity vs. food intolerance — the real immunological differences- A preview of Part 2: celiac disease vs. non-celiac gluten sensitivity, gluten's contested link to Hashimoto's and your thyroid, and how gluten may affect blood flow to your brainThis is Part 1 of a two-part series — Part 2 drops soon and covers celiac disease vs. gluten sensitivity, the gluten-thyroid connection, and gluten's effect on brain blood flow.Timestamps0:00 Gluten and Gut Health1:47 Introduction to Gluten and Recent Research2:24 Gluten: Hype vs. Reality4:06 What Is Gluten?5:56 Celiac Disease and Wheat Sensitivity9:15 How Gluten Affects the Gut12:33 Wheat Allergy vs. Gluten Sensitivity17:11 Part Two PreviewLink to Episode Page: https://www.drnoseworthy.com/gluten-leaky-gut-part-1Want help figuring out where you actually land on the gluten spectrum instead of guessing from an elimination diet? Dr. Noseworthy runs a virtual functional medicine practice based in Florida, working with clients across the US and internationally. Reach out through the contact form at https://www.drnoseworthy.com.
What happens when you've been diagnosed with CIRS, followed the protocol, and still don't feel better?In this episode of the Gutsy Health Podcast, Dr. Stadler of Red River Orem joins the conversation to explore why chronic illness rarely fits neatly into a single diagnosis. They unpack the overlap between CIRS, autoimmunity, MCAS, food sensitivities, blood sugar dysregulation, cortisol, anemia, and neurological symptoms and why comprehensive testing can be critical for understanding what is actually driving a patient's symptoms.They also discuss the importance of treating chronic illness in the right biochemical order, identifying underlying immune triggers, and helping patients understand their own bodies instead of becoming permanently dependent on a practitioner.TIMESTAMPS00:00 – When Your Tests Say “Nothing Is Wrong”01:00 – Meet Dr. Stadler of Red River Orem03:00 – Why CIRS Isn't One-Size-Fits-All05:00 – Dr. Stadler's Functional Medicine Background08:00 – Bridging Conventional and Functional Medicine09:00 – The Problem With Self-Diagnosing CIRS11:00 – CIRS vs. Neurological Damage13:00 – Why Chronic Illness Symptoms Overlap15:00 – Why Deeper Testing Matters16:00 – Autoimmunity Mistaken for CIRS17:00 – C4a, MMP-9 and Other CIRS Markers19:00 – Low MSH and Genetic Susceptibility20:00 – Where to Start With CIRS, Autoimmunity and MCAS21:00 – Stop Guessing and Start Testing22:00 – Treating Chronic Illness in Biochemical Order23:00 – The Role of Anemia and Iron25:00 – Finding the Triggers Behind Immune Dysregulation26:00 – Blood Sugar, Cortisol, Vitamin D and Anemia28:00 – MCAS, Histamine and Food Sensitivities30:00 – When You Seem to React to Everything32:00 – What Can Drive Gut Permeability34:00 – Should You Eliminate Every Reactive Food?35:00 – IgG Food Sensitivity Testing36:00 – Dr. Stadler's Preferred Testing Lab38:00 – How Chronic Stress Affects Immune Function40:00 – The Blood Sugar–Cortisol Connection41:00 – Hypoglycemia, Adrenaline and Anxiety42:00 – Why Blood Sugar Dips Can Worsen Neurological Symptoms43:00 – What Your Neurons Need to Function45:00 – CIRS and Neurological Symptoms47:00 – Treating the Individual, Not Just the Diagnosis48:00 – MCAS vs. Histamine Dysregulation49:00 – Food Allergies vs. Food Sensitivities51:00 – Identifying and Addressing Immune Triggers52:00 – Teaching Patients to Manage Their Own Health53:00 – Why Are More People Chronically Sick?54:00 – Stress and Endocrine Disruptors55:00 – Sedentary Lifestyles and Immune Health56:00 – The Rise of Autoimmunity57:00 – Has Chronic Stress Become Our Normal?59:00 – Rebuilding the Body's Adaptability to Stress1:00:00 – Managing the Stressors You Can Control1:01:00 – How to Work With Dr. StadlerRESOURCES & LINKS MENTIONEDRed River OremFor consultations with Dr. Stadler and the Red River Orem team.Phone: 801-691-1765ImmunoLabsMentioned by Dr. Stadler as a laboratory he has used for IgG food sensitivity testing.Connect with the Gutsy Health PodcastFollow and message the Gutsy Health Podcast on Instagram with topics you'd like Dr. Stadler to cover in future episodes.Send us Fan Mail
If you're bloated after eating, reacting to seemingly "healthy" foods, struggling with constipation or diarrhea, or living on an increasingly restrictive diet, the problem may be more complicated—and more fixable—than simply identifying the foods you're "sensitive" to. In this episode of ReversABLE, Josh Dech sits down with gut-health practitioner Hannah Aylward for a deep conversation about food sensitivities, elimination diets, the microbiome, digestion, inflammation, and the search for root cause. Hannah explains why she doesn't recommend relying on IgG food sensitivity testing and how these tests can potentially create unnecessary food fear, particularly when gut-barrier function is compromised. Instead of continually eliminating foods, the conversation explores what may be happening upstream: impaired digestion, low stomach acid, digestive enzyme and bile issues, microbial imbalance, gut-barrier dysfunction, and the gut-brain connection. One of the most important themes is that there may not be a single "root cause." Hannah describes a layered approach in which several dysfunctions can interact, meaning the food someone reacts to may be a clue rather than the fundamental problem. The episode also explores why some people struggle to tolerate fiber-rich foods, why traditionally "gut-healthy" foods such as bone broth, collagen, sauerkraut, garlic, onions, and vegetables aren't necessarily right for everyone at every stage, and why a resilient microbiome should ultimately allow someone to tolerate a wider variety of foods. Hannah shares her own experience of spending nearly a decade on an elimination diet, dealing with severe bloating and food fear, and eventually discovering that there were deeper factors affecting her gut health—including digestion, microbial balance, environmental exposures, and the nervous system. Finally, Josh and Hannah discuss stress and the gut-brain connection, including why "it's just stress" can be an incomplete explanation. Stress can influence digestion, stomach acid, bile, motility, and gut-barrier function—meaning psychological and physiological health cannot always be separated. If you've tried elimination diets, probiotics, supplements, or "clean eating" and still don't understand why your gut isn't improving, this episode offers a different way to think about the problem: stop asking only what you're reacting to, and start asking why. TOPICS DISCUSSED: Food Sensitivities, Intolerances & Allergies IgG Food Sensitivity Testing And Why Hannah Doesn't Recommend It Root Causes Behind Food Reactions Elimination Diets, Food Restriction & Restoring Food Tolerance Gut Microbiome, Microbial Diversity & Fiber Tolerance Hannah's Personal Journey With Chronic Digestive Issues And Restrictive Eating Low Stomach Acid, Digestion, Enzymes, Bile & SIBO Carnivore Vs. Plant/Fiber Approaches And Individualized Nutrition Gut-Brain Connection, Stress & Nervous-System Regulation Mold Exposure, Environmental Factors & Broader Systemic Contributors More from Hannah Aylward: Website: hannahaylward.com Instagram: @hannahaylwardhhc TikTok: HAN | Functional Gut Health Facebook: HAN - Hannah Aylward Nutrition Listen To Hannah's Podcast: The NUTRIENT DENSE Podcast Take The Gut Health Root Cause Quiz For Free: Root Cause Quiz Book A Strategy Call With Hannah: HAN Free Strategy Session Leave us a Review: https://www.reversablepod.com/review Need help with your gut? Visit my website gutsolution.ca to join a program: Get help now Contact us: reversablepod.com/tips FIND ME ON SOCIAL MEDIA: Instagram Facebook YouTube
Aufregung über die Aussage von Integrationsministerin Bauer (ÖVP), ein Verbot des "politischen Islam" könnte auch die IGGÖ treffen ++ Die Kirchen in Sachsen-Anhalt sprechen nach dem Wahlsieg der AfD von einem gespaltenen Land ++ Die Caritas kritisiert das sogenannte Zukunftsdepot, das die ÖVP vorgeschlagen hat ++ Moderation: Susanne Krischkegesendet in Ö1 am 07.09.2026
Single mom Eileen Zarlenga disappeared from her home on a cold night in March 1988, taking her coat, boots and purse, but leaving behind her three year old daughter. Eileen remained missing for 4 days, and when she was found, it was not good news. The question of who stabbed the young mother over and over and left her body in a remote patch of woods in Mahoning County, OH would haunt generations of investigators. When DNA was detected on sexual assault kit swabs, it did not get investigators any closer to an answer. And when IGG came along and was used to identify Eileen's attacker, real answers remained elusive. Eileen's case is closed, but you won't see the end of this one coming. Head over now to DNA ID on Apple Podcasts. or wherever you listen to podcasts to hear episode 205 in its entirety. You can also visit the DNA ID homepage. Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/morbidology--3527306/support.
Introducing DNA ID Episode 205 The case of Eileen Zarlenga Single mom Eileen Zarlenga disappeared from her home on a cold night in March 1988, taking her coat, boots and purse, but leaving behind her three year old daughter. Eileen remained missing for 4 days, and when she was found, it was not good news. The question of who stabbed the young mother over and over and left her body in a remote patch of woods in Mahoning County, OH would haunt generations of investigators. When DNA was detected on sexual assault kit swabs, it did not get investigators any closer to an answer. And when IGG came along and was used to identify Eileen's attacker, real answers remained elusive. Eileen's case is closed, but you won't see the end of this one coming. Head over now to DNA ID on Apple Podcasts. or wherever you listen to podcasts to hear episode 205 in its entirety. You can also visit the DNA ID homepage.
Introducing DNA ID Episode 205 The case of Eileen Zarlenga Single mom Eileen Zarlenga disappeared from her home on a cold night in March 1988, taking her coat, boots and purse, but leaving behind her three year old daughter. Eileen remained missing for 4 days, and when she was found, it was not good news. The question of who stabbed the young mother over and over and left her body in a remote patch of woods in Mahoning County, OH would haunt generations of investigators. When DNA was detected on sexual assault kit swabs, it did not get investigators any closer to an answer. And when IGG came along and was used to identify Eileen's attacker, real answers remained elusive. Eileen's case is closed, but you won't see the end of this one coming. Head over now to DNA ID on Apple Podcasts. or wherever you listen to podcasts to hear episode 205 in its entirety. You can also visit the DNA ID homepage.
Episode 205 Eileen Zarlenga Single mom Eileen Zarlenga disappeared from her home on a cold night in March 1988, taking her coat, boots and purse, but leaving behind her three year old daughter. Eileen remained missing for 4 days, and when she was found, it was not good news. The question of who stabbed the young mother over and over and left her body in a remote patch of woods in Mahoning County, OH would haunt generations of investigators. When DNA was detected on sexual assault kit swabs, it did not get investigators any closer to an answer. And when IGG came along and was used to identify Eileen's attacker, real answers remained elusive. Eileen's case is closed, but you won't see the end of this one coming. To listen to every episode of DNA: ID ad-free and get other benefits, simply visit our channel page on Apple Podcasts to get started with an AbJack Insider subscription. Of course, you can also support DNA: ID with a Patreon subscription. Follow us on social media; find all of our social media links in one spot at our Linktree: linktr.ee/dnaidpodcast Visit this link to buy DNA ID Merch ©2026 AbJack Entertainment -All rights reserved. This content is the sole property of AbJack Entertainment. Any unauthorized re-selling, re-purposing, or re-distribution, is strictly prohibited, and will be subject to legal action.
Introducing DNA ID Episode 205 The case of Eileen Zarlenga Single mom Eileen Zarlenga disappeared from her home on a cold night in March 1988, taking her coat, boots and purse, but leaving behind her three year old daughter. Eileen remained missing for 4 days, and when she was found, it was not good news. The question of who stabbed the young mother over and over and left her body in a remote patch of woods in Mahoning County, OH would haunt generations of investigators. When DNA was detected on sexual assault kit swabs, it did not get investigators any closer to an answer. And when IGG came along and was used to identify Eileen's attacker, real answers remained elusive. Eileen's case is closed, but you won't see the end of this one coming. Head over now to DNA ID on Apple Podcasts. or wherever you listen to podcasts to hear episode 205 in its entirety. You can also visit the DNA ID homepage.
Introducing DNA ID Episode 205 The case of Eileen Zarlenga Single mom Eileen Zarlenga disappeared from her home on a cold night in March 1988, taking her coat, boots and purse, but leaving behind her three year old daughter. Eileen remained missing for 4 days, and when she was found, it was not good news. The question of who stabbed the young mother over and over and left her body in a remote patch of woods in Mahoning County, OH would haunt generations of investigators. When DNA was detected on sexual assault kit swabs, it did not get investigators any closer to an answer. And when IGG came along and was used to identify Eileen's attacker, real answers remained elusive. Eileen's case is closed, but you won't see the end of this one coming. Head over now to DNA ID on Apple Podcasts. or wherever you listen to podcasts to hear episode 205 in its entirety. You can also visit the DNA ID homepage.
Bryan Kohberger's defense filed its third motion to compel discovery in June 2023, arguing that prosecutors had still not turned over important material connected primarily to the DNA investigation. The defense sought records concerning every DNA profile developed during the investigation, not just the male DNA recovered from the snap of the knife sheath. That included information about profiles uploaded into state and national DNA databases, any database hits generated during those searches, laboratory manuals governing the use of those systems, communications between laboratory personnel and investigators, records involving outsourced DNA testing, unexpected laboratory results and corrective actions. Kohberger's attorneys argued that simply receiving the final laboratory conclusions was not enough. They wanted the underlying material necessary for their own experts to evaluate how the testing had been conducted, whether alternative DNA profiles had been identified and whether anything occurring during the laboratory process could undermine or qualify the State's conclusions.The most consequential portion of the motion concerned investigative genetic genealogy, the process investigators used after the sheath DNA failed to produce a traditional CODIS identification. Kohberger's attorneys demanded the genealogy records behind the investigation, including DNA data uploaded to genealogy services, search results, family trees, communications, additional samples collected during the genealogy investigation and information identifying genetic relatives who had appeared as potential matches. The defense maintained that it needed this material to examine the reliability and legality of the process that ultimately helped investigators focus on Kohberger, while prosecutors sought a protective order limiting disclosure of some of the genealogy information because it involved private individuals who had never been suspects. The dispute eventually required extensive briefing, expert declarations and a hearing before Judge John Judge, who ultimately ordered prosecutors to submit certain IGG materials to the court for an in camera review. The third motion to compel therefore became one of the earliest major battles over whether the defense would be permitted to look behind the State's finished DNA evidence and scrutinize the investigative process that had helped lead authorities to Kohberger in the first place.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.com
The State opposed Bryan Kohberger's effort to suppress evidence connected to investigative genetic genealogy, arguing that the IGG process had functioned only as an investigative lead and had not produced the DNA evidence prosecutors ultimately intended to use against him at trial. Prosecutors maintained that the genealogy work pointed investigators toward Kohberger, but that law enforcement then independently collected trash from his family's Pennsylvania home and later obtained a direct buccal swab after his arrest. According to the State, those later samples established the evidentiary comparison to the male DNA recovered from the knife sheath. Because prosecutors were not planning to introduce the family-tree research, genealogy database information or the identities of genetic relatives as proof of guilt, they argued that Kohberger was trying to suppress an investigative technique rather than evidence that would actually be presented to the jury.The State also rejected the defense argument that Kohberger's constitutional rights had been violated by investigators searching genetic genealogy databases. Prosecutors argued that Kohberger had no reasonable expectation of privacy in DNA information voluntarily uploaded by distant relatives to third-party genealogy services and therefore lacked standing to challenge those searches on their behalf. They further maintained that even if the court found some problem with the IGG investigation, suppression still would not automatically follow because investigators had developed additional evidence linking Kohberger to the crime and ultimately obtained his own DNA through lawful means. The prosecution's position was essentially that IGG helped generate a name, not courtroom evidence, and that the defense was attempting to transform a genealogical lead into a Fourth Amendment violation capable of excluding the later DNA comparison.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.com
Bryan Kohberger's defense filed its third motion to compel discovery in June 2023, arguing that prosecutors had still not turned over important material connected primarily to the DNA investigation. The defense sought records concerning every DNA profile developed during the investigation, not just the male DNA recovered from the snap of the knife sheath. That included information about profiles uploaded into state and national DNA databases, any database hits generated during those searches, laboratory manuals governing the use of those systems, communications between laboratory personnel and investigators, records involving outsourced DNA testing, unexpected laboratory results and corrective actions. Kohberger's attorneys argued that simply receiving the final laboratory conclusions was not enough. They wanted the underlying material necessary for their own experts to evaluate how the testing had been conducted, whether alternative DNA profiles had been identified and whether anything occurring during the laboratory process could undermine or qualify the State's conclusions.The most consequential portion of the motion concerned investigative genetic genealogy, the process investigators used after the sheath DNA failed to produce a traditional CODIS identification. Kohberger's attorneys demanded the genealogy records behind the investigation, including DNA data uploaded to genealogy services, search results, family trees, communications, additional samples collected during the genealogy investigation and information identifying genetic relatives who had appeared as potential matches. The defense maintained that it needed this material to examine the reliability and legality of the process that ultimately helped investigators focus on Kohberger, while prosecutors sought a protective order limiting disclosure of some of the genealogy information because it involved private individuals who had never been suspects. The dispute eventually required extensive briefing, expert declarations and a hearing before Judge John Judge, who ultimately ordered prosecutors to submit certain IGG materials to the court for an in camera review. The third motion to compel therefore became one of the earliest major battles over whether the defense would be permitted to look behind the State's finished DNA evidence and scrutinize the investigative process that had helped lead authorities to Kohberger in the first place.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.comBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-moscow-murders-and-more--5852883/support.
The State opposed Bryan Kohberger's effort to suppress evidence connected to investigative genetic genealogy, arguing that the IGG process had functioned only as an investigative lead and had not produced the DNA evidence prosecutors ultimately intended to use against him at trial. Prosecutors maintained that the genealogy work pointed investigators toward Kohberger, but that law enforcement then independently collected trash from his family's Pennsylvania home and later obtained a direct buccal swab after his arrest. According to the State, those later samples established the evidentiary comparison to the male DNA recovered from the knife sheath. Because prosecutors were not planning to introduce the family-tree research, genealogy database information or the identities of genetic relatives as proof of guilt, they argued that Kohberger was trying to suppress an investigative technique rather than evidence that would actually be presented to the jury.The State also rejected the defense argument that Kohberger's constitutional rights had been violated by investigators searching genetic genealogy databases. Prosecutors argued that Kohberger had no reasonable expectation of privacy in DNA information voluntarily uploaded by distant relatives to third-party genealogy services and therefore lacked standing to challenge those searches on their behalf. They further maintained that even if the court found some problem with the IGG investigation, suppression still would not automatically follow because investigators had developed additional evidence linking Kohberger to the crime and ultimately obtained his own DNA through lawful means. The prosecution's position was essentially that IGG helped generate a name, not courtroom evidence, and that the defense was attempting to transform a genealogical lead into a Fourth Amendment violation capable of excluding the later DNA comparison.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.comBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-moscow-murders-and-more--5852883/support.
Bryan Kohberger's defense had been positioned to mount a constitutional challenge to the investigative genetic genealogy, or IGG, techniques authorities used after DNA was recovered from the knife sheath found beneath Madison Mogen's body. Investigators had developed a male DNA profile from the sheath and used genetic genealogy to search for relatives of the unknown contributor, eventually building a family tree that helped point investigators toward Kohberger. The process raised questions among legal scholars about whether law enforcement's use of genetic information submitted by people to genealogy databases could implicate Fourth Amendment privacy protections, particularly when relatives of a suspect had never consented to having their genetic information used in a criminal investigation. Kohberger's attorneys had sought access to the underlying IGG materials, arguing that they needed to examine exactly how investigators conducted the search and whether constitutional or procedural violations occurred along the way.The potential challenge represented largely unsettled legal territory because courts had not yet established broad constitutional protections against investigative genetic genealogy, and prosecutors maintained that the genealogy work had simply provided an investigative lead rather than evidence they intended to present directly against Kohberger at trial. Legal experts explained that this distinction could make suppression difficult because investigators later obtained Kohberger's DNA through traditional means and directly compared it with the sheath profile. Still, the defense had reason to scrutinize whether the genealogy search violated privacy expectations, exceeded database restrictions or improperly influenced subsequent investigative steps. The dispute therefore had implications extending well beyond Kohberger's case, as a successful constitutional challenge could have affected how police departments across the country used rapidly expanding consumer DNA databases to identify suspects in otherwise difficult cases.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.com
Stephen Mercer, a Maryland criminal-defense attorney with extensive experience litigating DNA and forensic-evidence issues, filed a declaration supporting Bryan Kohberger's third motion to compel discovery concerning the investigative genetic genealogy, or IGG, work used in the case. Mercer argued that the defense could not meaningfully evaluate the reliability of the genetic investigation without seeing the underlying materials that led investigators from the unknown DNA profile recovered from the knife sheath to Kohberger. His position was that IGG was not merely an irrelevant investigative tip, as prosecutors characterized it, but part of a forensic process that could be examined for errors, assumptions, alternative relatives, laboratory issues and other weaknesses. Mercer emphasized that the defense needed information about how the SNP profile was generated, what laboratory procedures were used, how the genealogical family tree was constructed and which individuals identified through that process were or were not subsequently tested using traditional STR DNA analysis.Mercer's declaration also challenged the idea that the prosecution could simply disclose the final STR match to Kohberger while withholding the genetic-genealogy work that helped investigators identify him. He argued that the SNP and IGG materials could provide information relevant to evaluating the reliability and significance of the DNA evidence, including whether other people identified during the genealogical investigation should have been considered or excluded. The declaration therefore supported the defense's broader argument that it could not independently investigate or challenge the state's DNA case while being denied access to the process that initially pointed investigators toward Kohberger. Mercer was not claiming that the IGG work itself proved Kohberger was innocent; rather, he maintained that fundamental defense review required access to the underlying data and methodology so Kohberger's attorneys could determine whether the investigation was scientifically sound, properly conducted and capable of withstanding meaningful adversarial scrutiny.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.comBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-moscow-murders-and-more--5852883/support.
Bryan Kohberger's defense had been positioned to mount a constitutional challenge to the investigative genetic genealogy, or IGG, techniques authorities used after DNA was recovered from the knife sheath found beneath Madison Mogen's body. Investigators had developed a male DNA profile from the sheath and used genetic genealogy to search for relatives of the unknown contributor, eventually building a family tree that helped point investigators toward Kohberger. The process raised questions among legal scholars about whether law enforcement's use of genetic information submitted by people to genealogy databases could implicate Fourth Amendment privacy protections, particularly when relatives of a suspect had never consented to having their genetic information used in a criminal investigation. Kohberger's attorneys had sought access to the underlying IGG materials, arguing that they needed to examine exactly how investigators conducted the search and whether constitutional or procedural violations occurred along the way.The potential challenge represented largely unsettled legal territory because courts had not yet established broad constitutional protections against investigative genetic genealogy, and prosecutors maintained that the genealogy work had simply provided an investigative lead rather than evidence they intended to present directly against Kohberger at trial. Legal experts explained that this distinction could make suppression difficult because investigators later obtained Kohberger's DNA through traditional means and directly compared it with the sheath profile. Still, the defense had reason to scrutinize whether the genealogy search violated privacy expectations, exceeded database restrictions or improperly influenced subsequent investigative steps. The dispute therefore had implications extending well beyond Kohberger's case, as a successful constitutional challenge could have affected how police departments across the country used rapidly expanding consumer DNA databases to identify suspects in otherwise difficult cases.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.comBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-moscow-murders-and-more--5852883/support.
Kiran Krishnan, the Founder of Microbiome Labs, joins me again today for Part 2 of the two-part series on how a healthy microbiome impacts longevity. In Part 1, Kiran provides in-depth examples of why gut health translates into full-body health. He unpacks what spore-based probiotics are and where they come from, and he shares about psycho-biotics for mental health. If you have not yet listened to Part 1, I urge you to go back and listen to it first. Today, in Part 2, Kiran talks about SIBO and explains what ghost or post-biotics are and how the FODMATE enzyme works. He also talks about immunoglobulins and probiotics for dogs. Conditions tied to H Pylori Autoimmunity Infertility Reflux disease Gastritis Gastroparesis Gastroesophageal and gastric cancers About Kiran Krishnan: Kiran Krishnan is trained as a research microbiologist. He left academic research to help bridge the translational gap between research and commercial innovation. He has held leadership roles in international health and wellness companies. He has also founded and scaled research and technology development companies including, most recently, Microbiome Labs, the pre-eminent microbiome therapeutics company in the US integrative medicine market. Kiran has published numerous studies in peer-reviewed scientific journals and holds international patents in his name. Kiran is a frequent lecturer at nutritional and medical conferences and is a sought-after expert on the human microbiome for health programs. Kiran is currently the General Manager of Novozymes OneHealth North America and is a science advisor to 5 other companies in this market. In this episode: How to recover your gut after taking a course of antibiotics. (39:44) Who should not take the Megaspore product? (44:37) Why is it essential for SIBO people to have spore-based probiotics? (45:05) How SIBO impacts liver function. (47:53) How SIBO impacts the anti-microbial protection of the gut. (50:05) How leaky gut impacts bowel motility. (50:44) A key way of stopping SIBO. (53:39) What is happening with those who are not tolerating spore-based probiotics? (56:23) Why do our pets also suffer from leaky gut? (103:29) Conditions that tie to H Pylori. (1:10:32) How does the microbe in ghost (or post-probiotics) remove H Pylori from the body? (1:11:57) Links and resources: Use code HEALGUT to get 10% off GI Support Use code IGG to get 10% off SB IGG Coming September 29th: Your Hormone Blueprint Discover what the research really says about hormones, hormone therapy and breast cancer, proper hormone testing, optimal levels, and finding a provider who takes your symptoms seriously. Support the launch by purchasing your copy on September 29th! Available at YourLongevityBlueprint.com, with local copies coming to the Integrative Health and Hormone Clinic in Eastern Iowa this October. Kiran Krishnan's Social Media Links: Kiran Krishnan on Instagram (@Kiranbiome) Kiran Krishnan on YouTube Relative Links for This Show: www.microbiomelabs.com https://betterbiome.com/ Follow Your Longevity Blueprint On Instagram | Facebook | Twitter | YouTube | LinkedIn Get your copy of the Your Longevity Blueprint book and claim your bonuses here Find Dr. Stephanie Gray and Your Longevity Blueprint online Follow Dr. Stephanie Gray on Facebook | Instagram | Youtube | Twitter | and LinkedIn Integrative Health and Hormone Clinic Podcast production by Team Podcast
What Blocks Brain Recovery After Stroke: The Exposures Nobody Tests For Introduction In 1987, Dr. Robert Hedaya found an office he loved. It overlooked a stream and a forest, and it had a balcony. Within about an hour of arriving each morning, he would become tired and mentally foggy, something he describes as unlike him. It took him time to work out what was happening. The building had mold. He is a Clinical Professor of Psychiatry at Georgetown University Medical Center and a pioneer of functional medicine psychiatry. He had spent his career studying why brains underperform. And he still didn’t see it until it was affecting him personally. That story is worth sitting with, because it goes to the heart of a question most stroke survivors eventually ask: if I’m doing the therapy, the exercises, the sleep, the diet, why am I still stuck? Why this question matters more than any rehab program When Dr. Hedaya returned to Recovery After Stroke for his third conversation with Bill Gasiamis, the topic was not a new treatment. It was the opposite: the things that get in the way of treatments already working. His argument is structural. After a stroke, the brain rebuilds by growing new connections between neurons. That process is physical. It requires materials, energy, and an absence of interference. If something is interfering, no amount of repetition in a rehab gym will overcome it. So the useful question is not only what helps my brain recover but also what blocks brain recovery after stroke and whether any of it is happening in your own house, your own mouth, or your own bloodstream without anyone having looked. Dr. Hedaya raised three: mercury, mold, and Lyme. Mercury: how a metal stops neurons from branching Picture a neuron as a tree in winter: a trunk with branches extending outward. After a stroke, under the right conditions, neurons grow new branches to make new connections. To do that, the cell has to lay down a structure for the new branch to grow through. It uses a protein called tubulin, small oval molecules that link together into a tube, the way Lego pieces connect to form a ring. Mercury interrupts that linkage. Dr. Hedaya points to footage from the University of Calgary, filmed in 1999, showing the process under a microscope: the growing nerve branch shrivels and retracts within seconds of mercury exposure. It runs about two and a half minutes and is worth watching, because seeing it is more persuasive than reading about it. Where does mercury come from? Two main sources. Dental amalgam fillings, the dark grey ones, were largely phased out from roughly the 1970s onward, which means people now in their fifties and sixties are the most likely to still have them. And fish. Mercury accumulates up the food chain, so large predatory fish such as tuna and swordfish carry substantially more than small fish. Sardines, anchovies, herring, and mackerel carry very little, and bring DHA and B12 with them, the raw materials neurons need. Testing involves a baseline urine sample, then a challenge dose of DMSA (a sulfur-containing compound), then a second sample. A jump between the two indicates mercury was being stored and is now being pulled out. If you have amalgam fillings removed, Dr. Hedaya is emphatic that it should be done by a biological dentist who follows a protocol: preparation with sulfur-containing compounds beforehand, a dam in place during the procedure, and rinsing afterward. Removal done badly can expose you to more mercury than leaving it alone. Mold: the ceiling Dr. Hedaya says he has never seen broken This is his strongest claim, and he states it without hedging: he has not seen anyone fully recover from a neurological problem while living in a mold-exposed environment. His estimate of the ceiling is around fifty percent improvement. There are two separate things at work. The spores the visible organism. And the mycotoxins, which are molecular, airborne, invisible, and travel far beyond the patch you can see. They inhibit mitochondria, which is how cells produce energy, and they increase oxidation, which is hard on neurons. You cannot rule mold out by smell or by looking. Dr. Hedaya has every patient run an ERMI test Environmental Relative Mold Index. You mark ten areas in the home that don’t get cleaned, wipe them down, leave them for a month, then collect dust with a supplied cloth and send it to a lab. He uses Mycometrics. The second test asks a different question: is your immune system actually reacting? A lab such as MyMycoLab measures IgE (an immediate response, within minutes to hours) and IgG (a delayed response that can begin a day or two later and persist for weeks). You then compare which molds are in your home against which ones your immune system is responding to: Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Chaetomium, Stachybotrys, and others. In Dr. Hedaya’s experience, the two lists usually overlap. Remediation is where it becomes expensive and inconvenient. Cleaning the visible growth achieves little on its own. You have to find the water: poor grading, a roof leak, blocked downspouts, a badly installed HVAC system, damp ductwork, because if the water source remains, so does the mold. As Bill put it in the conversation: there is no point putting a year of work into a rehabilitation program and then walking out of it into a moldy house. The cost of remediation is real. So is the cost of never getting past fifty percent. Lyme disease: the great imitator Lyme is a close relative of syphilis, which was historically called the great imitator because it could present as almost any disease. Lyme behaves the same way, and a single tick can carry around twenty pathogens that affect humans, including Bartonella and Babesia, both of which drain cellular energy. Dr. Hedaya’s issue is with the testing. It relies on antibodies, and antibodies take weeks to develop, so testing soon after a bite returns a negative that means nothing. The result is also reported as a binary against an optical density threshold: above the cutoff you have it, below it you don’t. His comparison: a blood glucose of 120 is not diabetes; 121 is. The line does not reflect biology. He also rejects the common reassurance that a tick embedded for under 24 hours is safe. His word for it was “insanity.” Where to start Asked which of the three to address first, his answer was immediate: mold. Mercury needs no test to begin acting on; switch to smaller fish, eat more cruciferous vegetables, garlic, cilantro, and greens, and you are doing something useful whether or not you had a problem. Test in six to twelve months if you want to know. Lyme comes last, unless you have had a recent tick bite. And mold has to be dealt with before Lyme treatment is worth attempting. How to raise this with your doctor Dr. Hedaya’s advice here is practical, and it applies well beyond this topic. Don’t arrive with a theory. Arrive with a literature review. He suggests using SciSpace over PubMed; ask it for a literature review on the effects of mold on the human nervous system, and it will assemble one in fifteen or twenty minutes. Print it, along with a couple of the underlying papers. Then add the step most people skip: ask it for the counter-argument. Ask why mold might not be a factor in brain function. You are not there to win. You are there to have a real conversation, and a doctor is far more likely to engage with someone who has already tested their own position. If they refuse outright to order the testing? His view was blunt: find another doctor. Getting out of your own way None of this replaces rehabilitation. It removes the obstacles to it. That distinction matters, because the work you are already doing is not wasted; it may simply be running into something invisible. Checking your fillings takes a minute and someone willing to look in your mouth. Testing your house takes a month and a cloth. Neither is a treatment. Both are ways of making sure the treatment can do its job. This is the third conversation with Dr. Hedaya on this show. The first covered photobiomodulation and laser therapy (https://recoveryafterstroke.com/photobiomodulation-stroke-recovery/). The second covered hormones, thyroid function, and fatigue (https://recoveryafterstroke.com/hormones-and-stroke-recovery-dr-robert-hedaya/). Both are useful companions to this one. If you want a fuller framework for thinking about recovery, Bill’s book The Unexpected Way That A Stroke Became The Best Thing That Happened walks through ten tools for recovery and personal transformation. You can find it at https://recoveryafterstroke.com/book. And if this show has helped you, you can support it financially at https://patreon.com/recoveryafterstroke. Footer Disclaimer This blog is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Please consult your doctor before making any changes to your health or recovery plan. Related links: Dr. Hedaya’s practice First conversation, photobiomodulation Second conversation, hormones The mercury video, University of Calgary Background on that video ERMI mold testing lab Mould antibody blood testing Tick-borne and Lyme testing Literature reviews in minutes Research database The toxins textbook he mentions The post The Things Getting In The Way Of Your Recovery – Dr. Robert Hedaya appeared first on Recovery After Stroke.
In the lead-up to Bryan Kohberger's trial, some of the most consequential legal fighting centered on the DNA recovered from the knife sheath found beneath Madison Mogen's body and the investigative genetic genealogy, or IGG, process that investigators used to identify Kohberger as a suspect. Authorities had extracted a single-source male DNA profile from the sheath and later sent the sample to Othram, which developed a SNP profile that could be compared against genealogy databases that permitted law-enforcement searches. Investigators used that information to build family trees that eventually pointed toward Kohberger, after which authorities collected trash from his family's Pennsylvania home and obtained DNA that helped connect his family to the sheath sample. Kohberger's defense spent years seeking the underlying IGG records, laboratory materials, family-tree information and details about how Othram and the FBI conducted the genealogy work. That discovery fight produced multiple motions to compel, closed hearings and court-ordered disclosures under seal as the defense argued that it needed the material to examine whether the investigative process had been scientifically reliable and constitutionally permissible.The fight eventually moved from obtaining the evidence to trying to keep it out of court altogether. Kohberger's attorneys argued that law enforcement had violated his constitutional rights by conducting the IGG investigation without a warrant and by later obtaining DNA through a trash pull at his parents' home, contending that evidence developed from those steps and subsequent warrants should be suppressed as fruit of an unlawful search. Judge Steven Hippler rejected that argument in February 2025, ruling that Kohberger had not established a constitutionally protected privacy interest that made the IGG process or abandoned trash unlawful searches and declining to suppress the resulting evidence. The defense then continued attacking the genealogy evidence through motions in limine, arguing that the State should not be permitted to present the IGG process to the jury and raising separate challenges involving terminology such as “touch” or “contact” DNA and the disclosure of expert testimony. The State maintained that IGG had primarily been an investigative lead rather than the evidentiary foundation of its case, while prosecutors intended to rely on the direct comparison between Kohberger's DNA and the profile recovered from the sheath. By the time trial approached, the DNA battle had therefore become two interconnected fights: whether the genetic genealogy that led investigators to Kohberger had been lawfully conducted, and exactly how much of that complicated investigative history the jury would ultimately be allowed to hear.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.com
In the lead-up to Bryan Kohberger's trial, the court issued an important order governing investigative genetic genealogy, or IGG, material connected to the identification of Kohberger as a suspect. The dispute centered on the genetic genealogy work investigators used after DNA recovered from the knife sheath at the King Road crime scene did not initially identify a suspect through traditional law-enforcement databases. Kohberger's defense sought access to the underlying IGG records, arguing that it needed to examine how investigators moved from the unknown DNA profile to Kohberger and whether the process complied with applicable policies, privacy protections, and constitutional requirements. Prosecutors resisted broad disclosure, maintaining that much of the genealogy information involved private individuals who had nothing to do with the case and that the IGG process had functioned primarily as an investigative lead rather than evidence the state intended to present to the jury.The court ultimately required the state to provide the defense with certain IGG-related materials while placing significant restrictions on their use and disclosure. The judge recognized that Kohberger's attorneys were entitled to investigate the process that had helped focus law enforcement on their client, but also sought to protect the privacy of uninvolved genetic relatives and people whose genealogical information had been examined during the investigation. The order therefore reflected a compromise: the defense gained access to material necessary to evaluate and potentially challenge the genealogy investigation, while sensitive information remained subject to protective measures and limited distribution. The ruling was significant because it gave Kohberger's lawyers an opportunity to scrutinize one of the most consequential investigative steps in the case, even though prosecutors maintained that the eventual direct DNA comparison between Kohberger and the sheath sample, rather than the genealogy search itself, was the evidence they relied upon to connect him to the crime scene.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.com
In the lead-up to Bryan Kohberger's trial, the court issued an important order governing investigative genetic genealogy, or IGG, material connected to the identification of Kohberger as a suspect. The dispute centered on the genetic genealogy work investigators used after DNA recovered from the knife sheath at the King Road crime scene did not initially identify a suspect through traditional law-enforcement databases. Kohberger's defense sought access to the underlying IGG records, arguing that it needed to examine how investigators moved from the unknown DNA profile to Kohberger and whether the process complied with applicable policies, privacy protections, and constitutional requirements. Prosecutors resisted broad disclosure, maintaining that much of the genealogy information involved private individuals who had nothing to do with the case and that the IGG process had functioned primarily as an investigative lead rather than evidence the state intended to present to the jury.The court ultimately required the state to provide the defense with certain IGG-related materials while placing significant restrictions on their use and disclosure. The judge recognized that Kohberger's attorneys were entitled to investigate the process that had helped focus law enforcement on their client, but also sought to protect the privacy of uninvolved genetic relatives and people whose genealogical information had been examined during the investigation. The order therefore reflected a compromise: the defense gained access to material necessary to evaluate and potentially challenge the genealogy investigation, while sensitive information remained subject to protective measures and limited distribution. The ruling was significant because it gave Kohberger's lawyers an opportunity to scrutinize one of the most consequential investigative steps in the case, even though prosecutors maintained that the eventual direct DNA comparison between Kohberger and the sheath sample, rather than the genealogy search itself, was the evidence they relied upon to connect him to the crime scene.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.com
On January 23, 2025, a closed hearing was held in the case of State of Idaho v. Bryan C. Kohberger before Judge Steven Hippler. The primary focus was the defense's motion to suppress evidence obtained through Investigative Genetic Genealogy (IGG), which they argued violated Kohberger's Fourth Amendment rights. Detective Brett Payne testified that the IGG lead was treated as a tip, with further independent investigation conducted to substantiate its validity. Defense expert Dr. Leah Larkin suggested potential violations of FBI policy and genealogy database terms of service during the IGG process. However, Judge Hippler expressed skepticism regarding the defense's claims, noting the lack of a reasonable expectation of privacy for DNA left at a crime scene.Following the hearing, Judge Hippler ordered the release of a redacted transcript, balancing public interest with privacy concerns. Redactions included the names of surviving roommates and distant relatives identified through IGG. The unsealed portions provide insight into the investigative methods used and the defense's challenges to the evidence's admissibility. This development underscores the ongoing legal debates surrounding the use of IGG in criminal investigations and its implications for privacy and constitutional rights.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.comsource:KB-25-01-23-Hearing-Redacted.ecl
On January 23, 2025, a closed hearing was held in the case of State of Idaho v. Bryan C. Kohberger before Judge Steven Hippler. The primary focus was the defense's motion to suppress evidence obtained through Investigative Genetic Genealogy (IGG), which they argued violated Kohberger's Fourth Amendment rights. Detective Brett Payne testified that the IGG lead was treated as a tip, with further independent investigation conducted to substantiate its validity. Defense expert Dr. Leah Larkin suggested potential violations of FBI policy and genealogy database terms of service during the IGG process. However, Judge Hippler expressed skepticism regarding the defense's claims, noting the lack of a reasonable expectation of privacy for DNA left at a crime scene.Following the hearing, Judge Hippler ordered the release of a redacted transcript, balancing public interest with privacy concerns. Redactions included the names of surviving roommates and distant relatives identified through IGG. The unsealed portions provide insight into the investigative methods used and the defense's challenges to the evidence's admissibility. This development underscores the ongoing legal debates surrounding the use of IGG in criminal investigations and its implications for privacy and constitutional rights.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.comsource:KB-25-01-23-Hearing-Redacted.ecl
On January 23, 2025, a closed hearing was held in the case of State of Idaho v. Bryan C. Kohberger before Judge Steven Hippler. The primary focus was the defense's motion to suppress evidence obtained through Investigative Genetic Genealogy (IGG), which they argued violated Kohberger's Fourth Amendment rights. Detective Brett Payne testified that the IGG lead was treated as a tip, with further independent investigation conducted to substantiate its validity. Defense expert Dr. Leah Larkin suggested potential violations of FBI policy and genealogy database terms of service during the IGG process. However, Judge Hippler expressed skepticism regarding the defense's claims, noting the lack of a reasonable expectation of privacy for DNA left at a crime scene.Following the hearing, Judge Hippler ordered the release of a redacted transcript, balancing public interest with privacy concerns. Redactions included the names of surviving roommates and distant relatives identified through IGG. The unsealed portions provide insight into the investigative methods used and the defense's challenges to the evidence's admissibility. This development underscores the ongoing legal debates surrounding the use of IGG in criminal investigations and its implications for privacy and constitutional rights.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.comsource:KB-25-01-23-Hearing-Redacted.ecl
On January 23, 2025, a closed hearing was held in the case of State of Idaho v. Bryan C. Kohberger before Judge Steven Hippler. The primary focus was the defense's motion to suppress evidence obtained through Investigative Genetic Genealogy (IGG), which they argued violated Kohberger's Fourth Amendment rights. Detective Brett Payne testified that the IGG lead was treated as a tip, with further independent investigation conducted to substantiate its validity. Defense expert Dr. Leah Larkin suggested potential violations of FBI policy and genealogy database terms of service during the IGG process. However, Judge Hippler expressed skepticism regarding the defense's claims, noting the lack of a reasonable expectation of privacy for DNA left at a crime scene.Following the hearing, Judge Hippler ordered the release of a redacted transcript, balancing public interest with privacy concerns. Redactions included the names of surviving roommates and distant relatives identified through IGG. The unsealed portions provide insight into the investigative methods used and the defense's challenges to the evidence's admissibility. This development underscores the ongoing legal debates surrounding the use of IGG in criminal investigations and its implications for privacy and constitutional rights.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.comsource:KB-25-01-23-Hearing-Redacted.ecl
In this week's EquiManagement Report, we share insights on implementing text communication in your equine practice, study findings about a stallside IgG assay for foals, and recent disease alerts from the EDCC.Brought to you by Equimanagement.com.
On January 23, 2025, a closed hearing was held in the case of State of Idaho v. Bryan C. Kohberger before Judge Steven Hippler. The primary focus was the defense's motion to suppress evidence obtained through Investigative Genetic Genealogy (IGG), which they argued violated Kohberger's Fourth Amendment rights. Detective Brett Payne testified that the IGG lead was treated as a tip, with further independent investigation conducted to substantiate its validity. Defense expert Dr. Leah Larkin suggested potential violations of FBI policy and genealogy database terms of service during the IGG process. However, Judge Hippler expressed skepticism regarding the defense's claims, noting the lack of a reasonable expectation of privacy for DNA left at a crime scene.Following the hearing, Judge Hippler ordered the release of a redacted transcript, balancing public interest with privacy concerns. Redactions included the names of surviving roommates and distant relatives identified through IGG. The unsealed portions provide insight into the investigative methods used and the defense's challenges to the evidence's admissibility. This development underscores the ongoing legal debates surrounding the use of IGG in criminal investigations and its implications for privacy and constitutional rights.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.comsource:KB-25-01-23-Hearing-Redacted.ecl
On January 23, 2025, a closed hearing was held in the case of State of Idaho v. Bryan C. Kohberger before Judge Steven Hippler. The primary focus was the defense's motion to suppress evidence obtained through Investigative Genetic Genealogy (IGG), which they argued violated Kohberger's Fourth Amendment rights. Detective Brett Payne testified that the IGG lead was treated as a tip, with further independent investigation conducted to substantiate its validity. Defense expert Dr. Leah Larkin suggested potential violations of FBI policy and genealogy database terms of service during the IGG process. However, Judge Hippler expressed skepticism regarding the defense's claims, noting the lack of a reasonable expectation of privacy for DNA left at a crime scene.Following the hearing, Judge Hippler ordered the release of a redacted transcript, balancing public interest with privacy concerns. Redactions included the names of surviving roommates and distant relatives identified through IGG. The unsealed portions provide insight into the investigative methods used and the defense's challenges to the evidence's admissibility. This development underscores the ongoing legal debates surrounding the use of IGG in criminal investigations and its implications for privacy and constitutional rights.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.comsource:KB-25-01-23-Hearing-Redacted.ecl
On January 23, 2025, a closed hearing was held in the case of State of Idaho v. Bryan C. Kohberger before Judge Steven Hippler. The primary focus was the defense's motion to suppress evidence obtained through Investigative Genetic Genealogy (IGG), which they argued violated Kohberger's Fourth Amendment rights. Detective Brett Payne testified that the IGG lead was treated as a tip, with further independent investigation conducted to substantiate its validity. Defense expert Dr. Leah Larkin suggested potential violations of FBI policy and genealogy database terms of service during the IGG process. However, Judge Hippler expressed skepticism regarding the defense's claims, noting the lack of a reasonable expectation of privacy for DNA left at a crime scene.Following the hearing, Judge Hippler ordered the release of a redacted transcript, balancing public interest with privacy concerns. Redactions included the names of surviving roommates and distant relatives identified through IGG. The unsealed portions provide insight into the investigative methods used and the defense's challenges to the evidence's admissibility. This development underscores the ongoing legal debates surrounding the use of IGG in criminal investigations and its implications for privacy and constitutional rights.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.comsource:KB-25-01-23-Hearing-Redacted.ecl
On January 23, 2025, a closed hearing was held in the case of State of Idaho v. Bryan C. Kohberger before Judge Steven Hippler. The primary focus was the defense's motion to suppress evidence obtained through Investigative Genetic Genealogy (IGG), which they argued violated Kohberger's Fourth Amendment rights. Detective Brett Payne testified that the IGG lead was treated as a tip, with further independent investigation conducted to substantiate its validity. Defense expert Dr. Leah Larkin suggested potential violations of FBI policy and genealogy database terms of service during the IGG process. However, Judge Hippler expressed skepticism regarding the defense's claims, noting the lack of a reasonable expectation of privacy for DNA left at a crime scene.Following the hearing, Judge Hippler ordered the release of a redacted transcript, balancing public interest with privacy concerns. Redactions included the names of surviving roommates and distant relatives identified through IGG. The unsealed portions provide insight into the investigative methods used and the defense's challenges to the evidence's admissibility. This development underscores the ongoing legal debates surrounding the use of IGG in criminal investigations and its implications for privacy and constitutional rights.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.comsource:KB-25-01-23-Hearing-Redacted.ecl
On January 23, 2025, a closed hearing was held in the case of State of Idaho v. Bryan C. Kohberger before Judge Steven Hippler. The primary focus was the defense's motion to suppress evidence obtained through Investigative Genetic Genealogy (IGG), which they argued violated Kohberger's Fourth Amendment rights. Detective Brett Payne testified that the IGG lead was treated as a tip, with further independent investigation conducted to substantiate its validity. Defense expert Dr. Leah Larkin suggested potential violations of FBI policy and genealogy database terms of service during the IGG process. However, Judge Hippler expressed skepticism regarding the defense's claims, noting the lack of a reasonable expectation of privacy for DNA left at a crime scene.Following the hearing, Judge Hippler ordered the release of a redacted transcript, balancing public interest with privacy concerns. Redactions included the names of surviving roommates and distant relatives identified through IGG. The unsealed portions provide insight into the investigative methods used and the defense's challenges to the evidence's admissibility. This development underscores the ongoing legal debates surrounding the use of IGG in criminal investigations and its implications for privacy and constitutional rights.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.comsource:KB-25-01-23-Hearing-Redacted.ecl
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