Podcasts about Iga

Have you ever felt like your body's playing tricks on you with endless fatigue, bloating, or hormone chaos? Candida overgrowth may be the sneaky culprit behind it all. Today's expert is here to fill you in on how candida links your gut health, thyroid function, and even hormones like estrogens and cortisol and his four-phase Candida protocol. In this episode of Salad with a Side of Fries, Jenn Trepeck is joined by Dr. Michael Biamonte to discuss his naturopathic journey and the development of BioCybernetics for diagnosing imbalances. They debunk myths about candida overgrowth being protective, discuss symptoms such as cognitive issues and chemical sensitivity, and detail his four-phase Candida protocol. Additionally, discover the benefits of organic acid tests, stool tests, and calprotectin for accurate diagnosis and treatment. Don't miss this eye-opening chat.The Salad With a Side of Fries podcast, hosted by Jenn Trepeck, explores real-life wellness and weight loss, debunking myths, misinformation, and flawed science surrounding our understanding of nutrition and the food industry. Let's dive into wellness and weight loss for real life, including drinking, eating out, and skipping the grocery store.IN THIS EPISODE: (00:00) Dr. Biamonte explains how candida overgrowth feeds on B complex vitamins, converting carbohydrates into sugars(04:57) Dr. Biamonte's journey into naturopathy, driven by curiosity about nutrition when his father was ill(07:23) Dr. Biamonte develops a computer program called BioCybernetics(11:31) Candida is a cause of unusual reactions to vitamins linked to gut health imbalance(13:06) Reverse-engineering Candida treatment and the importance of rotating antifungals(17:29) Dr. Biamonte debunks the myth that Candida is protective, explaining that it suppresses immune system function(19:09) Symptoms of candida overgrowth, including fatigue, cognitive issues, gastrointestinal discomfort, eczema, and chemical sensitivity(25:43) Dr. Biamonte connects Candida to hormones, impacting thyroid function and Hashimoto's(28:03) Dr. Biamonte recommends organic acid tests and specific stool tests over blood tests to diagnose candida overgrowth accurately(31:52) Dr. Biamonte outlines the protocol to remove Candida(36:00) Dr. Biamonte explains that resolving candida overgrowth and leaky gut facilitates thyroid and adrenal recovery, but toxic metals must be addressed first(39:40) Why is there resistance to the protocolKEY TAKEAWAYS:Candida overgrowth significantly impacts gut health and hormones, particularly estrogens and cortisol, which can exacerbate conditions like Hashimoto's and thyroid function imbalances, requiring a targeted approach to address underlying dysbiosis. Dr. Michael Biamonte's four-phase Candida protocol involves a bowel cleanse, rotating antifungals, biofilm busters, and probiotics to restore gut flora, emphasizing the need to address leaky gut for effective treatment.Accurate testing, such as organic acid tests and stool tests (as opposed to unreliable blood tests), is crucial for identifying Candida overgrowth. Markers like stool pH, fecal IgA, and calprotectin indicate its presence.QUOTES: (15:48) "You were so ahead of your time in creating a program that is now essentially what people hope AI will do in medicine." Jenn Trepeck(20:00) “Candida, just like many other things of this nature, stresses out whatever your genetic weaknesses are to the point where that's how the symptoms manifest.” Dr. Michael Biamonte(22:07) “A lot of those things we associate with the B vitamin deficiency. So, the irony is that a B complex would also create a reaction in these same

We talk about Carlos Alcaraz defeating Jannik Sinner in the US Open final and how he improved to produce such a controlled and consistent display over the entire fortnight. Iga Świątek lost to Amanda Anisimova in US Open QF. How did the American avenge her Wimbledon loss?Follow us on Spotify or Apple Podcasts as well. Download the TennisONE APP for scores, stats, news, videos, player content, fan contests, and more (https://t1.app.link/Vansh)

Minu seekordseks vestluskaaslaseks on mitmekülgse tippjuhi kogemusega Tallinna Linnatranspordi juht Kaido Padar. Varasemalt on Kaido töötanud transpordiameti peadirektorina, Talleksi juhatuse esimehena, TS Laevade juhina ning Eesti Posti divisjonijuhina. Kaidoga vestlus kujunes ülimalt inspireerivaks, kus ta rääkis, miks usaldus ja avatus on juhi töö südames ja jagas oma põnevaid kogemusi erinevate keeruliste juhtimisolukordade lahendamisest. Minu jaoks oli see vestlus ehe näide sellest, kuidas südamega juhtimine loob organisatsioonis usaldust ja püsivaid väärtusi.

The pod hits triple digits, and Sam immediately blows the budget - dropping $663 on hotel laundry in New York. That fiasco sets the tone for an episode packed with shaky quarterfinal predictions, a surprisingly deep dive into life choices, and a full Round 4 recap. From Anna Wintour lurking courtside to Jason Biggs randomly popping up, the celebrity sightings nearly stole the show… nearly. The guys break down Felix's revival, Alcaraz's shot-of-the-year candidate, Novak's effortless cruise, and Fritz's eternal struggle against him. On the women's side, Iga keeps steamrolling, Osaka looks dangerous again after taking out Coco, Pegula is gliding quietly under the radar, and Krejcikova delivered what might be the match of the tournament. Things wrap up with one of the wildest Life Advice questions yet. The guys dish out surprisingly heartfelt guidance—sandwiched between trash talk about their bracket challenge and scheming over who's doomed to write and sing a jingle. Chaotic, sharp, and accidentally sincere… basically the perfect 100th episode. 00:00 Intro to Our 100th Show! 00:37 Dry Cleaning in New York 02:22 Celebrity Sightings 03:27 Recap of Round of 16 Matches 05:27 Felix / Musetti Surprising Performances 09:57 Novak's Dominant Form 11:52 Alcaraz's Shot of the Year 12:54 Quarterfinals Preview / Predictions 15:17 Women's Quarterfinal Highlights 17:35 Match of the Tournament: Krejcikova vs. Townsend 19:21 Osaka vs. Coco Gauff Analysis 23:27 Life Advice Segment 25:56 Bracket Challenge Update and Goodbye!

In this episode of Let's Talk Loyalty and Loyalty TV, Carly Neubauer speaks with Claudia van de Tonnekreek, Head of the relaunched IGA Rewards program at Metcash. With over a decade of experience leading the American Express rewards program, Claudia brings deep expertise in creating customer-centric loyalty strategies. She shares how IGA is focusing on targeted offers and cashback rewards while ensuring customers feel seen, heard, and understood. From her early inspiration with cereal box promotions to today's challenge of delivering value without overwhelming customers, Claudia discusses the importance of curiosity, authenticity, and human connection in loyalty marketing.Hosted by Carly Neubauer Show Notes:1) Claudia van de Tonnekreek2) MetCash3) IGA Rewards4) Eleven Rings

Welcome to HCPLive's 5 Stories in Under 5—your quick, must-know recap of the top 5 healthcare stories from the past week, all in under 5 minutes. Stay informed, stay ahead, and let's dive into the latest updates impacting clinicians and healthcare providers like you! Interested in a more traditional, text rundown? Check out the HCPFive! FDA Accepts Priority Review Application of Omidubicel for Severe Aplastic Anemia  The FDA accepted a priority review application for omidubicel, a cell therapy under investigation for severe aplastic anemia. FDA Approves REMS Label Update for Sparsentan (Filspari) in IgA Nephropathy  The FDA approved an updated REMS label for sparsentan, easing monitoring requirements for patients with IgA nephropathy. FDA Issues CRL to Outlook Therapeutics' ONS-5010 for the Treatment of Wet AMD The FDA issued a complete response letter for ONS-5010 in wet AMD, citing insufficient efficacy evidence from the phase 3 program. ACC Releases Respiratory Disease Vaccination Guidelines for Adults with Heart Disease The ACC released new guidance recommending vaccination against respiratory infections for adults with cardiovascular disease to improve prevention and access. Orforglipron Delivers Weight Loss, A1C Reductions in Phase 3 ATTAIN-2 Trial Eli Lilly reported phase 3 results showing orforglipron improved weight and glycemic control in adults with obesity or overweight and type 2 diabetes.

On this week's episode of Security Dilemma, A.J. Manuzzi and John Gay spoke with Jonathan Guyer of the Institute for Global Affairs at Eurasia Group. Jonathan is the Program Director of IGA's flagship Independent America program, which is focused on interrogating the conventional wisdom of US foreign policy and informing the public about America's changing role in the world. He was previously a senior foreign policy writer at Vox and managing editor of The American Prospect. Our conversation today discussed U.S. Middle East policy, the rise of Silicon Valley-based defense firms, and the "revolving door" between industry and government.LISTENER SURVEY: Please answer our two-question survey of Security Dilemma listeners. Respondents who provide their email address will be entered into a drawing. The first prize is a signed copy of John Mearsheimer's The Tragedy of Great Power Politics; there are also digital copies of our recent reading group book, Paul R. Pillar's Why America Misunderstands the World. Respond to the survey ⁠here⁠.

Jan Urban ogłosił powołania na wrześniowe mecze reprezentacji Polski. Żużlowe Grand Prix Polski wygrywa Brady Kurtz, natomiast Iga Świątek przechodzi do następnej rundy US Open. 

Tony is joined by his friend fellow podcaster Myles David from Tuned into Tennis for a fun US Open check-in. They laugh their way through all the drama of week 1, including: Ostapenko's behavior against Taylor Townsend Taylor Townsend vs Krejcikova Medvedev and Tsitsipas continue to crash out Coco Gauff's battling through tough moments Ben Shelton retires in tearsCarlos Alcaraz, Iga and so much more! Plus, hear our gayest moments of the week (and they're good!) We've got a lot more content coming your way, so join the fun by following us on Instagram or Twitter! And if you're enjoying the podcast, please rate us a 5 on whatever platform you listen on! Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

W dzisiejszym magazynie sportowym: cztery polskie zespoły piłkarskie w fazie pucharowej Ligi Konferencji Europy; awans kobiecej reprezentacji Polski do ćwierćfinałòw Mistrzostw Świata w siatkówce oraz Iga Świątek w czwartej rundzie tenisowego turnieju US Open.

Join Dr Brad Leech and ambassador Lisa Costa-Bir on her inaugural podcast on all things gut inflammation. Brad breaks down the importance of functional testing for assessing inflammation, with a detailed discussion on interpreting the four major tests: calprotectin, lactoferrin, occult blood and secretory IgA. Learn about the importance of personalising treatment for patients with gut inflammation and how to effectively use (and dose) key anti-inflammatory herbs and nutrients for optimal efficacy. Clinical take-homes for use in your practice will also include dietary recommendations and an interesting discussion on colon cleansing. COVERED IN THIS EPISODE (00:50) Welcoming Dr Brad Leech (02:02) Intestinal inflammation vs intestinal permeability (03:29) Signs and symptoms of intestinal inflammation (06:43) Functional assessments for intestinal inflammation (23:41) How the microbiome influences intestinal inflammation (36:05) When should we test our patients? (42:07) Treatment options for combating intestinal inflammation (46:32) Which diets improve intestinal inflammation and why? (50:00) Colon cleansing: do or don't? (53:08) Thanking Brad and key takeaways Find today's transcript and show notes here: https://www.bioceuticals.com.au/education/podcasts/intestinal-inflammation-clinical-definition-testing-treatment Sign up for our monthly newsletter for the latest exclusive clinical tools, articles, and infographics: www.bioceuticals.com.au/signup/ DISCLAIMER: The information provided on fx Medicine by BioCeuticals is for educational and informational purposes only. The information provided is not, nor is it intended to be, a substitute for professional advice or care. Please seek the advice of a qualified health care professional in the event something you learn here raises questions or concerns regarding your health.

Relebogile Mabotja speaks to Iga Motylska a Travel Journalist and the Founder of Eagerjourneys.com about Iga's 7-night, 8-day cruise around the Greek isles and Turkey with NCL. Her itinerary started in Athens and she visited the Greek islands of Santorini, Mykonos and Rhodes, as well as Kusadasi, Istanbul in Turkey. 702 Afternoons with Relebogile Mabotja is broadcast live on Johannesburg based talk radio station 702 every weekday afternoon. Relebogile brings a lighter touch to some of the issues of the day as well as a mix of lifestyle topics and a peak into the worlds of entertainment and leisure. Thank you for listening to a 702 Afternoons with Relebogile Mabotja podcast. Listen live on Primedia+ weekdays from 13:00 to 15:00 (SA Time) to Afternoons with Relebogile Mabotja broadcast on 702 https://buff.ly/gk3y0Kj For more from the show go to https://buff.ly/2qKsEfu or find all the catch-up podcasts here https://buff.ly/DTykncj Subscribe to the 702 Daily and Weekly Newsletters https://buff.ly/v5mfetc Follow us on social media: 702 on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/TalkRadio702 702 on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@talkradio702 702 on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/talkradio702/ 702 on X: https://x.com/Radio702 702 on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@radio702 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

We're kind of winging it for this US Open preview. It's a bit too late for a Cincy recap, so we're talking about major themes -- like Coco's coaching overhaul, Iga's mid-season surge, the guys not named Carlos or Jannik -- and sprinkling in some results. We talk about what worked and what didn't in the mixed doubles exhib-- I mean the prestigious and successful mixed doubles tournament featuring the world's best players. Plus we settle some scores and probably create a few new beefs, but what the hell, this is the last major of 2025 and literally our 43rd Slam preview. 1:00 The major storylines in the women's draw: I warned you Iga was coming! + Coco drops the GripMD 15:00 Men's storylines: Djokovic LoseWatch, the also-rans  21:05 The mixed doubles experiment 31:30 Mardy Fish comes for Rajeev Ram out of nowhere 35:50 Not Parks and Vavassori liking fake news homophobic posts on IG 38:45 Women's draw preview 51:25 Men's draw preview  67:10 US Open artwork: Honoring Althea Gibson in death but not in life

We talk about the newly-released US Open draw and what it means for Iga Świątek and Carlos Alcaraz's chances for the crown in New York.Follow us on YouTube or Apple Podcasts as well. Download the TennisONE APP for scores, stats, news, videos, player content, fan contests, and more (https://t1.app.link/Vansh)

IgA nephropathy is often diagnosed late. Recognizing and referring patients timely improves management and outcomes. Credit available for this activity expires: 8/19/2026 Earn Credit / Learning Objectives & Disclosures: https://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/1002763?ecd=bdc_podcast_libsyn_mscpedu

The summer swing is heating up—literally. Anastasia recaps the finals of the Cincinnati Open, where Iga Swiatek battled Jasmine Paolini for the women's title and Jannik Sinner faced off against Carlos Alcaraz in yet another chapter of their growing rivalry.But this episode isn't just about the scorelines. Anastasia dives into the best and worst moments from a week that had it all:

Tom Elliott has been left frustrated after a teenager allegedly involved in a spate of armed robberies at IGA's across Melbourne was granted bail.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Send us a textThe appendix's hidden role and how "good" parasites like helminths shape immune health.Episode Summary: Dr. William Parker discusses gut anatomy, the appendix's role in harboring beneficial bacterial biofilms and immune tissue, and how modern hygiene depletes helminths (intestinal worms), causing immune overreactions like allergies, autoimmunity, and psychiatric conditions. He explores helminth self-therapy for treating relapsing MS, depression, and allergies; challenges in clinical trials due to patent issues; and why COVID-19 was milder in low-income, helminth-rich regions.About the guest: William Parker, PhD conducted research at Duke University for over 27 years on immunology, appendicitis, and the hygiene hypothesis. After retiring from Duke, he serves as a visiting scholar at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, leading efforts on biome reconstitution via helminths.Discussion Points:Appendix is not vestigial; it concentrates immune tissue and biofilms to cultivate good gut bacteria, preventing pathogens via mucus and IgA antibodies.Hygiene hypothesis: Soap, toilets, and clean water reduce helminths/protozoa, leading to untrained, hyperactive immunity and rising allergies/autoimmunity since the 1800s.Helminths (worms) stimulate immune "exercise," training immunity; biohackers use hookworms (cheap, skin-entry), porcine whipworms, or rat tapeworms orally for relief from allergies, MS flares, depression/anxiety.Effects are temporary; need ongoing exposure (e.g., replenish every 6 months); immigrants from helminth-rich areas develop Western diseases within a few years.COVID-19: Hyper-immunity caused severe reactions in hygienic West, but helminth presence in low-income Africa/Asia prevented cytokine storms, leading to empty clinics.Therapy barriers: Non-patentable organisms require $100M+ trials; push for open-source, government-funded biome restoration over crude immunosuppressants.Related episode:M&M 144: Inflammation, Innate Immunity, Allergies & Allergens, Immune System Evolution, Fasting & Metabolism | Clare Bryant*Not medical advice.Support the showAffiliates: Seed Oil Scout: Find restaurants with seed oil-free options, scan food products to see what they're hiding, with this easy-to-use mobile app. KetoCitra—Ketone body BHB + electrolytes formulated for kidney health. Use code MIND20 for 20% off any subscription (cancel anytime) Lumen device to optimize your metabolism for weight loss or athletic performance. Code MIND for 10% off SiPhox Health—Affordable at-home blood testing. Key health markers, visualized & explained. Code TRIKOMES for a 20% discount. For all the ways you can support my efforts

This week Keith and Freddy recap the Montreal and Toronto Masters as well as the Cincinnati Masters! Ben Shelton, Vicky Mboko take titles up north and Iga and Carlos take the Cincy crown! Keith brings up a discussion about how the biggest indicator in level difference in amateur tennis is the serve!

We talk about Iga Świątek and Carlos Alcaraz picking up the title in Cincinnati, a tournament that wasn't particularly successful for either of them before. Where does that put them ahead of the US Open?Follow us on YouTube or Apple Podcasts as well. Download the TennisONE APP for scores, stats, news, videos, player content, fan contests, and more (https://t1.app.link/Vansh)

Kevin Patton tackles one of A&P's slimiest subjects: mucus. In this playful but powerful episode, he reveals ten (or eleven) reasons mucus deserves more attention in our teaching. From immunity to fertility, mucus does it all. 00:00 | Introduction 00:45 | Mucus & Mucous 04:27 | Virtual HAPS Conference * 05:41 | Mucus: Body-Wide Protector 10:13 | Gross Episodes * 11:15 | Mucus in Motion 15:46 | Kerry Hull Honored * 16:28 | Mucus & the Human Story 20:42 | Running Concept Lists 21:11 | Mucus is Vital 26:05 | Staying Connected * Breaks ★ If you cannot see or activate the audio player, go to: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-154.html ❓ Please take the anonymous survey: theAPprofessor.org/survey ☝️ Questions & Feedback: 1-833-LION-DEN (1-833-546-6336) ✔️ Follow The A&P Professor on Twitter, Facebook, Blogger, Substack, or Instagram! @theAPprofessor

The 15 year-old alleged ringleader of yesterday’s spate of armed robberies targeting IGA stores has been granted bail by a magistrate.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

With the US Open upon us, Sam, Steve, and Jack break down the brand-new mixed doubles format with special guest Eric Butorac. The US Open's Senior Director of Player Relations gives us the inside scoop on the event including the moment Jannik Sinner asked if he could team up with Serena Williams! From Taylor Swift and Travis Kelce's secret visit last year to the fresh upgrades around the US Open grounds, Eric offers some great behind-the-scenes updates. The US Open Bracket Challenge is coming and the boys reveal the details on a special live Nothing Major show at the Open this week! 00:00 Sponsor Message 01:26 On Today's Episode... 02:21 Cincinnati Finals Recap 03:53 Sinner and Alcaraz Rivalry 08:48 Terence Atmane proves Sam wrong 13:23 The guys complain about the schedule again 15:05 Iga vs. Paolini 17:38 Eric Butorac joing the pod 17:38 Mixed Doubles Event at the US Open 21:16 Navigating Grand Slam Approvals 21:41 Anticipation for Other Slams to Follow 22:12 Official Announcement and Player Reactions 23:57 Facilitating Player Pairings 25:42 Challenges of Tournament Directing 28:24 Celebrity Appearances at the US Open 31:38 Exciting Renovations and Future Plans 34:31 Mixed Doubles Tournament Predictions 37:31 Housekeeping and Live Show 40:43 Goodbye!

A group of machete-wielding youth offenders have caused chaos at numerous IGA stores in Officer and Wollert.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The fourth and final episode in our series on the Jinshin no Ran: we cover the campaign in Afumi (aka Ōmi - 近江).  Prince Ōama and Prince Ōtomo (aka Kōbun Tennō), have drawn up their forces.  Last episode we covered the fighting in the Nara Basin, around the ancient Yamato capital: Asuka.  This episode focuses on the defense of the Karafu and Fuwa passes and the eventual march to the bridge at Setagawa. This is a name heavy episode, and we'll be noting some of it here: https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/episode-132   Rough Transcript Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  My name is Joshua and this is episode 132: The Jinshin no Ran, Part 4: The Afumi Campaign The Afumi soldiers on the western side of the bridge looked across the open expanse of water towards their Yoshino rivals on the eastern side.  If it weren't for the banners and the red tags barely visible on the sleeves of the opposing forces, it would be hard to know which side was which.  Both were equipped in similar ways, and a few of the soldiers could even make out familiar faces on the other side.  That is the nature of civil wars—especially in a conscript society, where the soldiers often had little choice which side they were fighting for.  Not that it necessarily mattered much to them which side came out on top, whatever their commanders might have told them. The bridge across the Seta river was large and wide, and normally quite well traveled.  Now, however, the central boards had been pulled up for a span of about 30 feet or so, leaving a gap spanned by only a single, narrow plank.  That plank was, itself, tied to a rope, which was being held by the Afumi troops.  The soldiers knew that should any of the enemy try to cross, they could pull the plank out from under them and they would fall into the river, their metal armor dragging them down into the dark depths of swirling water below.  Even should they somehow make it across without being peppered by arrows, there would be no reinforcements coming: they would be slaughtered, and the trap would be reset. It seemed like the Afumi forces held all the cards in this battle, and yet they were still tense. Archers could still shoot across the distance. The front rank of troops held wooden shields as a defense, but there were still openings in the formation and the armor, and in the chaos of battle, nobody was truly safe. And so the Afumi forces waited.  Confident, but wary. A commotion on the eastern side of the bridge grabbed the spotlight.  The Yoshino forces had approached, and they were clearly preparing for something.  The Afumi soldiers strained to see what was going on.  Suddenly, the front line of the Yoshino forces parted, and a strange sight confronted the Afumi soldiers.  It took them a moment to fully comprehend what was barreling towards them at full tilt: a soldier that looked almost like two soldiers put together, wearing armor placed over armor, in an attempt to protect from harm.  It must have been heavy, and as he stepped on the beam, it visibly buckled under the weight.  The Afumi archers let loose with their arrows and crossbow bolts, but to no avail.  They simply stuck in the armor, adding to the bizarre and otherworldly appearance of their opponent. The spell was broken on the Afumi side as arrows came cascading in.  The Yoshino forces weren't just sitting idly back, they were making sure they were doing everything they could to keep the Afumi forces distracted.  And for a split second it worked—and a split second was all they needed.  Before the soldiers could gather up their wits about them enough to pull the rope there was a terrifying sound of metal on wood.  The Afumi soldiers pulled the rope, but it came all too easy—the Yoshino soldier had dashed across and cut the rope tied to the plank.  Behind him, the Yoshino forces were now pouring across the bridge.  Soon they would establish a foothold, and behind the front line they would be able to have other soldiers place more planks so that the number of Yoshino soldiers on the Western side of the bridge only continued to increase. Realizing that their trap had been circumvented, the Afumi forces fell back, but their strategic withdrawal soon turned into a full on retreat.  While pockets of soldiers resisted, many were suddenly all too aware that perhaps it was better to live and fight another day, instead.  Despite threats and even attacks from their own commanders, the Afumi forces fled the battlefield, leaving the Yoshino army victorious.  With the Seta bridge now secured, there were no more major obstacles in their way:  They would march to the capital at Ohotsu and finish this war.   Welcome back!  This is Part 4, and so if you haven't already done so, I recommend going back and starting with Part 1.  That said, we'll briefly recap here. Over the past three episodes, we've talked about the causes of the war between Prince Ohotomo and Prince Ohoama as they vied for the throne.  Prince Ohotomo seemingly had the stronger position, as he was actually running the Yamato state from the Afumi capital in Ohotsu.  He had the various ministers and all the official organs of the state on his side.   He was also 23 years old. Ohoama, on the other side, was Ohotomo's paternal uncle.  His own son, Prince Takechi, was 19 years old and helping to lead the army.   Upon learning that the State was gathering forces against him, Ohoama had quickly moved east, gathering forces as he went, and now he stood near Fuwa, modern day Sekigahara, prepared to begin his march on the capital.   This episode we are going to cover the conclusion of the war.  Warning, though, this is going to be a *lot*.  A lot of place names and people names.  Apologies if it is hard to follow.  I'll have a rough map and info on the various players on the podcast blog, so you may want to bring that up if you are having problems following. In Part I of this series we covered the causes leading up to the conflict.  In Part II we covered Ohoama's mad dash to Fuwa, at modern Sekigahara.  Last episode, Part III we covered the fighting in the Nara Basin. This episode we are going to talk about the last two fronts of the war: the defense of the Iga area and Kurafu Pass, and the march from Fuwa to the Afumi capital of Ohotsu. Before we go into the details of the next battles, let's look at what each side of the conflict was doing, what they are concerned about, and where they are on the board.  We'll then go into how the rest of the war played out, and its conclusion and aftermath.     Ohoama's Yoshino forces had largely been drawn from the countries in the east—the very same countries that Ohoama was denying to the Afumi court.  In response, the Afumi court had drawn their forces from where they could.  There were those that they had already called up under the pretense of building Naka no Oe's burial mound, but they had sent others out to raise troops in Yamato and out the western side of Honshu, all the way to Tsukushi—modern Kyushu.  However, not everyone in the Western region of the archipelago was friendly to the Afumi court—especially the regions of Kibi and Tsukushi.  This was significant.  Kibi was an ancient rival of Yamato, and likely could contribute a sizeable force.  Tsukushi, on the other hand, was quite large, and besides the conscripts from among the regular inhabitants, Tsukushi also was in charge of defending the archipelago from invasion—they were the first line of defense.  They had constructed numerous castles and fortifications to defend against a possible invasion, and those castles and fortifications were no doubt manned by troops that had been raised for that purpose.  If they could now be turned inwards, that could be enough to really turn the tide against Ohoama and his Yoshino army. The only problem was that neither Kibi nor Tsukushi were exactly sympathetic to the Afumi court.  The governor of Kibi and Prince Kurikuma, the viceroy of Tsukushi, both had ties to Ohoama, and the ministers suspected them of sympathizing with their Yoshino rivals.  As such the envoys that were sent out were authorized to take whatever drastic steps they felt necessary to secure the troops. So how did that all go down?  Well, last episode we talked about how Hodzumi no Momotari and his crew had been stopped from raising troops in Asuka by Ohotomo no Fukei, whose bluff of pretending to be Prince Takechi and a host of cavalry soldiers caused the conscripted troops to flee, and ended up in the death of Momotari and the capture of his compatriots. In Kibi, things took a turn in Afumi's favor.  When the Afumi government's envoy arrived at the government center in Kibi, he tricked the governor into taking off his sword.  Once he had done so, the envoy drew his own sword and killed the governor.  Without the governor to get in his way, the envoy then went about securing the land and troops for the Afumi court. Prince Kurikuma, the viceroy in Tsukushi, at the Dazaifu, was not quite so easily fooled, however.  Kurikuma knew how the court operated, and was apparently well informed of what was going on.  When the Afumi court's envoy met with Kurikuma, the Prince was flanked by two of his sons, Prince Mino and Prince Takebe, each one armed.  When Prince Kurikuma heard what the Afumi court wanted—for him to send the troops from Tsukushi to help quell Ohoama's rebellion—Kurikuma responded that he needed those troops to hold the border.  After all, the Tang dynasty was still a potential threat, and what good would it do to send the troops from the border regions to fight an internal war, only to then have an invader come in and destroy the state entirely?  No, he reasoned, he would not be sending the troops as the Afumi court requested. We are told that for a moment, the Afumi envoy thought about grabbing his sword and killing Prince Kurikuma, as the Afumi court had suggested, but with both of Kurikuma's sons armed on either side of him, he realized that he didn't have great odds, and so he eventually left, empty handed, but alive. This is significant.  While we don't know exact numbers, it is likely that there were quite a few troops stationed in Kyushu and the islands, all in case of foreign invasion.  By not supplying them to the Afumi court, Prince Kurikuma dealt a huge blow to the Afumi's ability to make war.  Add to that the fact that Ohoama had likewise blocked the court's access to the eastern countries, and that further narrowed the troops that Afumi had access to.  Nonetheless, they still had enough to be dangerous, and it is impossible to say exactly what might happen in a war. So we know where the Afumi and Yoshino forces ostensibly came from, but let's talk about the battlefield.  All of the fighting that we talk about was happening in an area between Naniwa—modern Ohosaka—and Fuwa, modern Sekigahara, northwest from the modern city of Nagoya. There are three main theaters we are talking about.  The first is in the Nara basin, which we talked about extensively in the last episode.  The Nara basin itself was not necessarily of the most strategic importance, militarily, but it was of huge symbolic importance.  After all, that was still the ancient capital, even though the governmental functions had been moved north, to Ohotsu, on the shores of Lake Biwa.  The second is in the Suzuka mountains.  This includes the areas of Iga and Kouka, and it is bordered by the Nara basin on the west, the Mie coastline on the east, and Afumi, the area around lake Biwa, to the north.  This is the same region that Ohoama had to naviagate through on his way from Yoshino to the east, and the mountains and valleys make it so that there are only so many traversable routes through.  For our narrative we are going to be primarily talking about the Kurafu Pass, between Kouka and Iga, at modern Tsuge city.  This pass  was an important route between Kouka, Iga, and Mie.  The road followed the Soma River which eventually flowed into Lake Biwa.  This made it a route out of Afumi, and if the Afumi forces could secure the Kurafu pass and the fields of Tara, just on the other side, they could split Ohoama's forces and cut off any help that he could possibly send to the Nara basin, and possibly even take Ohoama from behind. Finally, let's talk about our third theater:  Afumi itself.  Specifically, we are looking at the southern and eastern sides around Lake Biwa.  Biwa is the largest lake in Japan, and it is almost entirely surrounded by mountains except for where the Seta river flows south, eventually winding its way to Naniwa.  Today, the area of Afumi is largely co-located with modern Shiga Prefecture. Back in 668, after finding themselves on the losing side of the Baekje-Tang war, Naka no Oe, aka Tenji Tennou, had moved the capital to Ohotsu, or Big Port, in Afumi, on the shores of Lake Biwa, likely for the protection it gave.  From Afumi, there were three major routes out of the basin, and a few minor ones.  All of them were through defensible mountain passes, like Karafu Pass, Fuwa Pass, and Suzuka Pass.  Three such passes:  Fuwa, Suzuka, and Arachi would become prominent barriers, or seki, along the ancient roads, and were known as the Sangen, or Three Barriers, protecting the capital region.  Suzuka no seki, at the pass of the same name, was in the south.  To reach it from Afumi, one crossed the Karafu pass, and then turned east through a pass near Mt. Miyama.  At the northern tip of the Suzuka mountains was Fuwa pass, future home of the Fuwa barrier.  The Barrier, or “Seki” would give its name to the area in another form:  Sekigahara.  This was along the Tousandou, the Eastern Mountain road, and even today it is the path through which roads and even the Shinkansen traverse between eastern and western Honshu.  Finally, though less important to our story, was the Arachi pass. Arachi no seki was part of the Hokurikudo, the Northern Land Route, and led to the ancient country of Kochi and the port of Tsuruga, which had a long history as an alternate port, especially for ships sailing from Goguryeo.  Later, Arachi no seki would be replaced in the Sangen ranking by another pass between Afumi and modern Kyoto, which would be known as the Afusaka, or Ohosaka, Pass.  This was the pass that would have been used to get to Yamashiro and, from there, to Naniwa and the Nara Basin. These three passes would come to define the island of Honshu, and became the dividing line between the Kanto region, in the east, and the Kansai region, in the west.  By holding the Suzuka and Fuwa passes, Ohoama effectively denied any travel to the eastern regions.  Sure, Afumi could have tried going through the Arachi pass and into Kochi, but then they would have had to traverse the Japan alps—no small feat, especially without modern conveniences like the trains and busses used today. From Fuwa Pass, where Ohoama and Prince Takechi had set up their headquarters, it was largely a straight shot to the Afumi capital of Ohotsu.  Between Lake Biwa and the Suzuka mountains is a wide, flat plain, divided primarily by the rivers and streams running out from the mountains into the lake.  Immediately west of Fuwa is the area of Maibara.  Following the shore of the lake one traverses through modern Hikone, to Yasu.  Yasu would also have been the location where the road to the Karafu pass broke off into the Suzuka mountains.  Beyond that was the bridge across the Seta River. The Seta river was one of the largest obstacles that would have to be negotiated, and the Afumi forces knew this.  Just as Ohoama would set up at Fuwa pass, a large number of the Afumi forces were set up on the western bank of the Seta river.  If the Yoshino forces could get across, however, it would mean that they had a more or less unimpeded route to the capital at Ohotsu. So now let's talk about what was happening in each of these places. Ohoama had set up at Fuwa—Sekigahara—and had begun to call soldiers to him.  Not only did did this allow him to block the rival Afumi troops from accessing the Eastern countries and possibly raising troops to use against him, but he was also able to maintain a line of communication with ancient Yamato, in the Nara Basin.  In order to keep his communication lines open, and to ensure that the Afumi forces couldn't sneak up behind him, Ohoama split his forces in two.  He knew that Afumi forces were trying to take his stronghold in Yamato, and if successful, from there they could move in to Uda and on to Iga.  thereafter that, they could march up behind him through the Suzuka pass.  Alternatively, the forces in Afumi could come up through Kouka and the Karafu pass, and then try to divide and conquer So the first group of Ohoama's army were to go south, through the Suzuka pass into their mountain namesake.  Once there, Oho no Omi no Honji was to hold Tarano, the Plain of Tara, where the routes to Suzuka, Kafuka, and Iga met.  Tanaka no Omi no Tarumaro went with him, with orders to guard the Kurafu pass, which is to say the road to Kouka.  This first group was headed by Ki no Omi no Abemaro, and also included Miwa no Kimi no Kobito, and Okizome no Muraji no Usagi.  Along with what we are told were tens of thousands of men, this first made their way south from Fuwa  through Mie and Ise and over the Suzuka pass.  Once there, they took up their positions at Karafu and Tarano.  It was a good thing, too, because only a couple of days after they arrived, the enemy struck.   Now as soon as he got there, Oho no Honji had fortified Tarano with some three thousand men, and Tanaka no  Tarumaro was sent to guard the Kurafu pass.  Prior to this, Tarumaro had been the official in charge of the Hot Springs in Ise, but he had joined Ohoama and the Yoshino forces when they first arrived over the Suzuka Pass.  Now he was in charge of a military force, encamped along the road through the Kurafu pass, waiting for the enemy. Unbeknownst to him, a deputy commander of the Afumi forces, Tanabe no Wosumi, was approaching from Mt. Kafuka.  Presumably he'd been sent out from Ohotsu and had followed the road along the Yasu and Soma rivers towards the pass.  Wosumi had  sizeable force with him, but he was not looking for a direct assault.  Even if he would win, he would suffer casualties, especially trying to attack an entrenched enemy in a fortified position.  He needed to be sneaky.  He had no way of knowing that, centuries later, the lands of Iga and Kouka would be known for their sneaky warriors—their legendary ninja—but I digressed.  What Wosumi did was this.  First, he rolled up his banners and muffled the drums.  He even had his men gag themselves—a continental custom where soldiers were given a stick to hold in their mouth, like a horse's bit, to discourage any talking amongst the ranks as they approached.  Presumably, they kept them in until just before attacking, because they also devised a watchword “kane”—transcribed as metal or gold.  Wosumi knew that it would be hard enough to tell who was who in the daytime—after all, it wasn't like these were regimented forces with uniforms.  The soldiers were likely all wearing whatever they had available, and clothing and armor would have been similar across the two armies.  At night, even some kind of mark or flag would hardly be enough to tell who was who in the dark.  As lines broke and melee ensued, it would be easy to get turned around, and find yourself facing a friend.  By saying the watchword you could distinguish friend from foe. Sure enough, this tactic worked.  The Afumi forces broke through the Yoshino fortifications in the middle of the night and swarmed into the encampment.  Men who had been asleep were waking up to chaos.  Tarumaro's Yoshino soldiers were thrown into confusion.  Tarumaro himself, escaped, but just barely.  we are told that he noticed that the enemy kept shouting the word “kane”, and so he started doing it as well. The Afumi forces, assuming he was one of their own, left him alone.  Still, he only escaped with difficulty. His escape was no doubt critical, however.   He presumably would have headed to Tarano to try and warn Oho no Honji, but this may not have been possible, as we are told that on the following day, after the attack at Karafu pass, the Afumi commander Wosumi continued his advance, and came upon the Yoshino encampment at Tarano unexpectedly.  Still, General Honji did not back down.  With a force of hand-picked soldiers, Honji counterattacked against Wosumi and struck him.  We are told that Wosumi made it out—the only one who did—but that he did not try and make another attack.  The Yoshino forces would ultimately hold the pass and the critical juncture of Tarano.  The Afumi forces would not get a second chance. By the way, a quick note here:  I can't help but notice a bit of a trope showing up in these stories:  At Narayama, General Fukei is defeated, and is the only person who makes his escape.  Then Tarumaro is the only person to escape his defeat.  Finally, Wosumi is the only one of his forces to leave the plain of Tara. I am more than a little incredulous that these generals are the only ones who actually survived, and that the rest of the army was slaughtered.  In fact, you may recall that at the battle at Taima, General Fukei told his men not to pursue the fleeing common soldiers.  As I've tried to point out, the common soldiers were not likely as invested in the cause.  In fact, it is just as possible that the common soldiers may have changed sides and joined the other army if they thought it would serve them well.  Or maybe they were escaping and just blending into the countryside.  After all, the elites weren't really spending the time to get to know them, let along record any details about them.  So I suspect that it was more about the fact that the various armies would be broken, and the soldiers flung to the four corners, rather than that they were necessarily slaughtered.  After all, if you had the choice, would you have stayed there? A few days after Wosumi was defeated, the Yoshino general that Ohoama had sent to Iga along with Honji and Tarumaro, Ki no Omi no Abemaro, heard that their ally, Ohotomo no Fukei was in trouble in the Nara Basin.  He'd been defeated by the Afumi general Ohono no Hatayasu at Narayama,  and without reinforcements, the entire Nara Basin could fall, along with the ancient Yamato capital at Asuka. So Abemaro sent Okizome no Muraji no Usagi with more than a thousand cavalry to go assist.  They met Fukei at Sumizaka, and suddenly, things were looking up in the Nara Basin.  For more on how that turned out, check out last episode, where we covered the events in the Nara Basin. Once the events in the Nara Basin settled out, then both the Nara Basin and the Karafu pass would be well and truly in the hands of the Yoshino forces.  But there was no way for those guarding those locations to know that the fighting was over, and they would have to hold their positions until the fighting had definitively stopped.  Which brings us back to Ohoama and the Yoshino troops gathered at Fuwa, where things were about to kick off as well.  The troops at Fuwa, while being led by Ohoama and his 19 year old son, Takechi, were placed under the command of Murakuni no Muraji no Woyori—who, , as things progressed, would be noted as the primary general for the campaign that would lead Yoshino troops from Fuwa, on the offensive towards Ohotsu. The only reason that they seem to have waited before going on the offensive was that every day, more troops were coming in.  So even as the fighting was going on in Nara and at the Karafu pass, the Yoshino army at Fuwa gathered men and made their preparations.  As they did so, the Afumi court Was going to do whatever they could to try and break them, hoping that they could stop the threat posed by Ohoama and his men before they began their march. For the Afumi forces first attempt to break the Yoshino defenses at Fuwa pass, they picked troops to try and make an incursion into the village of Tamakurabe, which appears to have been in the pass itself; it was probably modern Tama district of Sekigahara.  They were repelled, however, by Izumo no Omi no Koma, who drove them off. Later, the Afumi court ordered another force of several tens of thousands of men to attack under the command of Prince Yamabe no Ou, Soga no Omi no Hatayasu, and Kose no Omi no Hito.  Soga no Hatayasu and Kose no Hito were both part of the inner circle of the Afumi court, or so it would seem.  When Prince Ohotomo had taken the reins of the government in a ceremony in the Western Hall of the Palace, he was attended by the ministers of the right and left, as well as Soga no Hatayasu, Kose no Hito, and Ki no Ushi.  They were at the very heart of this whole matter.  Prince Yamabe is a little bit more of a mystery.  We know he was someone of note, and when Prince Ohotsu was brought to his parents, they were apparently traveling under the guise of Prince Yamabe and another prince, Prince Ishikawa.  But we know little else. The three men and their Afumi troops headed out and camped on the bank of the Inukami river, near modern Hikone.  There, however, trouble broke out. The Nihon Shoki does not record exactly what it was, but there must have been some kind of falling out.  Prince Yamabe no Ou was killed by Soga no Hatayasu and Kose no Hito.  We don't know if this was due to some quarrel or what, but either way, it threw the army into a state of disarray and there was no way for them to move forward.  Soga no Hatayasu appears to have taken responsibility for whatever happened, as he headed back from Inukami, presumably back to Ohotsu, where he took his own life by stabbing himself in the throat.  There would be no attack on Fuwa Pass, however. Finally, the Nihon Shoki also recounts the story of another Afumi general, named Hata no Kimi no Yakuni, and his son, Ushi.  Together with others, who remain unnamed, they surrendered themselves to Ohoama and the Yoshino forces, rather than fighting.  It isn't clear if they were deserters, if they had been part of one of the other two attempts to take Fuwa Pass, or if there was something else going on.  Either way, Ohoama was so pleased that he welcomed them in and we are told that Hata no Yakuni was “granted a battle axe and halberd” and appointed a general.  This is probably stock phrasing, but it does seem he was given some measure of trust.  Yakuni's men were then sent north, to Koshi. We aren't quite sure what those forces' ultimate objective was.  It may have been that he was to take the northern pass and make sure that none of the Afumi troops tried to escape and head to the East along that road.  Many of the accounts of this war seem to suggest that he, or at least some part of the forces, were to head north and then come around Lake Biwa the long way.  This would mean that if Ohoama attacked, there would be no easy way to flee.  From Ohotsu they couldn't turn north without running into more troops, and their only escape would seem to be through the Afusaka pass towards the area of modern Kyoto.  And of course, whoever was victorious in the Nara Basin would then be able to control the route to the coast. It is unclear how much Ohoama could have actually known, though, about what was happening across the various distances.  Messages would have meant riders on swift horses carrying them; they couldn't just text each other what was going on. And so, with one attack repelled, another aborted, and a turncoat now on their side, Ohoama's Yoshino forces were finally ready to head out on the offensive themselves.  According to the Nihon Shoki this was on the 7th day of the 7th month—Tanabata, today, but I doubt people were paying much mind to the Weaver and the Cowherd.  Murakuni no Woyori, with the group advancing from Fuwa to Afumi, set out, and met with their first resistance at the Yokugawa river in Okinaga.  As far as I can tell, this is likely the Amano River in modern Maibara, which anyone who takes the Shinkansen between Kanto and Kansai probably recognizes as one of the usual stops.  Once again, we have a situation where, while they would have had banners flying, in the crush of battle it could be quite easy to mistake friend for foe, especially with large numbers of troops who were pulled from vastly different regions.  You had to have some way of knowing quickly who was on your side – that's why the Afumi commander Wosumi had his troops use the password “kane”, for example.  Ohoama's approach was to have his men place a red mark—possibly a ribbon or similar—on their clothing so that one could tell who, at a glance, was on their side.  As a note, later samurai would sometimes attach flags to their shoulder armor, or sode, and these “sode-jirushi” would help identify you even if people didn't recognize your armor.  Ohoama's troops may have used something similar. And so Woyori's Yoshino forces attacked the Afumi defenders, and the Afumi troops were clearly outmatched.  Woyori's men killed the Afumi commander and defeated the opposing forces. But that was just the beginning.  Afumi forces had been stationed all along the route from Fuwa to Ohotsu.  Thus it was that only two days later Woyori and his men made it to Mt. Tokoyama, probably in Hikone, by the Seri river.  There they met more Afumi soldiers, but once again they were triumphant and slew the opposing commander.   Woyori and his men were on a roll. I would point out that these battles aren't given much detail, but we do see how it progressed.  There are names of various individuals and commanders—certainly not much on the common people.  From what we can tell, this was not a rush to Ohotsu, but rather a slow march, probably doing their best to fortify their positions and make sure that nobody was sneaking up on them.  After each battle, it is some days before the next, probably spent spying out ahead and formulating plans. Woyori and his men next fought a battle on the banks of the Yasukawa River, presumably near modern Yasu city.  Here, Aston's translation claims that he suffered a great defeat, but more likely I suspect it means to say that he inflicted a great defeat on the Afumi forces, because if he had been defeated, how would he have pressed on only a few days later.  We are told that  two men, presumably the Afumi commanders, were both taken prisoner. Since we don't have anything more about them in the narrative all we can really do is assume that they must have therefore been on the side of the Afumi forces. By taking Yasu, that would have likely cut off the Afumi forces from any future considerations about using the Kurafu Pass.  The noose around Ohotsu was slowly tightening. Four days after that, on the 17th day of the 7th month, Woyori attacked and repulsed the Kurimoto army—presumably a force loyal to the Afumi court under a general named Kurimoto, or possibly raised from a place called Kurimoto, perhaps over on Awaji.  Either way, it was another victory on Woyori's belt. From there, Woyori and his men arrived at Seta, where they would have to cross the Setagawa—the Seta River. The Seta River is a wide river, and the only one flowing out of Lake Biwa.  It winds its way south and west, eventually becoming the Uji and then the Yodo rivers, which flow all the way to Naniwa—modern Ohosaka.  At the Seta river, there was a major bridge, the only way across, other than to swim.  Prince Ohotomo and his ministers, along with their entire army, were encamped on the west side of the bridge.  Their forces were so numerous that it was said you could not see all the way to the back of them.  Their banners covered the plain, and the dust of their movement caused a cloud to rise into the sky.  Their drums and songs could be heard for miles around.  We are told they even had crossbows, and when they were discharged the arrows fell like rain.  Of course, some of this may have just been more poetic license by the authors of the Nihon Shoki, but you get the picture:  There were a lot of troops on the western side of the river. The bridge itself was defended by General Chison.  We know very little of this general, as he only appears in this one part of the record, but his name implies that he may have been from the continent.  We aren't given a surname, and it is possible he was one of the Baekje refugees, now fighting for the Afumi court.  He led an advance body of specially selected troops, and in the middle of the bridge they had removed planks for about three rods or thirty feet.  Across that span was a single plank, daring anyone to try and cross it.  Of course, if they did, they would be a sitting duck in front of the enemy archers, and the plank was attached by a rope so that it could always be pulled out from under them.  It seemed as if it were impossible to advance. Finally, one of Woyori's soldiers, Ohokida no Kimi no Wakaomi, got up the courage to cross.  We are told that he put on double armor, put down his long spear, and drew his sword.  He then charged suddenly across the plank and cut the rope on the other side before the Afumi troops could pull it back.  In spite of the arrows that were raining down on him, he entered the ranks of the Afumi troops, slashing with his sword as he went.  The Afumi forces were thrown into confusion and some of them tried to leave, but General Chison drew his own sword and began to cut down anyone who tried to flee.  Still, he was unable to check the rout.  Woyori's troops secured the bridge and soon were pouring across it.  They cut down General Chison and advanced into the Afumi army, who broke and ran.  The Afumi sovereign, Ohotomo, aka Koubun Tennou, along with the Ministers of the Left and Right, narrowly escaped with their lives. Woyori and his troops marched to the foot of Awazu hill, and we are told that Hata no Yakuni, the Afumi commander who had earlier defected, and whose men were sent north to Koshi, set a siege to Miwo castle along with Izumo no Koma, who had defended against the attempted seizure of Tamakurabe.  Presumably this is Mio, south of Ohotsu, and it was likely guarding the southern approach to the Afumi capital. The only thing here that gives me pause is that we were earlier told that Yakuni's men, after he defected, were sent to Koshi.  So was Yakuni not with them?  Had he returned?  Or had the troops made it all the way around Lake Biwa already, taking the longer route up and around the lake? Regardless of how it happened, Yakuni and Koma were able to take Miwo castle.  As a reminder, a “castle” at this time would have likely been defined more by its walls, which were probably rammed earth and wood—not the elegantly sloping stone walls and  donjon base that would come to typify castles of the Warring States period. The following day, Woyori and his men continued their pursuit.  At the Awazu marketplace, Woyori ran into the Afumi generals Inukahi no Muraji no Isokimi and Hasama no Atahe no Shihote.  We mentioned Isokimi last episode—he was the Afumi commander attacking the Middle Road in the Nara Basin.  His deputy, Kujira, had been defeated, and it seems Isokimi had retreated back to Afumi and rejoined the main force. He would not be quite so fortunate this time.  Isokimi and Shihote were both slain, and Ohotomo fled once again.  He didn't get very far, hiding at Yamazaki, thought to be near the site of the modern city hall, in Ohotsu. Despite his best efforts, he knew he would be discovered, and he eventually strangled himself, rather than facing the humiliation and punishment that would come with capture. With Ohotomo dead, the other ministers of the Afumi court dispersed and fled.  Woyori and his men, meeting up at Sasanami, hunted down the Ministers of the Left and Right—Soga no Akaye and Nakatomi no Kane—as well as others who had fought with Ohotomo and who were considered criminals. They were all marched back to Fuwa, where, on the 25th day of the 7th month, Ohotomo's head was presented to Ohoama.  The war, it seems, was over. Or at least, the fighting was over.  There was still a lot to be settled.  First off, it would hardly have been practical to wipe out every single person on the losing side.  For one thing, that would have devastated the Court even further, likely creating a huge power vacuum.  In addition, many of the supporters on both sides were not necessarily there out of purely partisan reasons.  I would point out that many of the family names that we see in the record are found on both sides of the conflict.  Inukahi no Isokimi may have fought for Ohotomo, but we also see an Inukahi no Ohotomo fighting on the behalf of Ohoama.  Fumi no Nemaro was a major commander in Ohoama's army, while Fumi no Kusuri had been sent by the Afumi court to raise troops in the East Country.  And Hasama no Shihote was killed with Isokimi at Awazu, while a Hasama no Nemaro was working under the command of General Fukei, in Nara, to guard Tatsuta. There wasn't necessarily a simple divide along family lines.  It is possible that these individuals were all fairly well removed from each other, and from different parts of their respective families, or clans. They are often given different kabane, the family rank system used at this time, though I suspect that may have more to do with later changes, with those on the winning side being promoted over those who supported the Afumi court.  However, it is also the case that Japan has a long history of family members supporting both sides in any major conflict.  That way, no matter who wins, the family itself finds itself on the winning side. But there did have to be some accountability.  This is something that one can point to time and again—if the losing side is not held accountable for their actions, then what is to prevent them from just regrouping and trying again?  And yet that need for justice and punishment must be tempered with some amount of humanity. Ultimately, about one month after the end of the war, eight of the Afumi ministers were found guilty of truly heinous offences and they were condemned to suffer what the Nihon Shoki says was the “Extreme Penalty”.  The Minister of the Right, Nakatomi no Kane, was executed at Tane, in Asai.  Meanwhile the Minister of the Left, Soga no Akaye; along with the Dainagon, or Grand Councillor, Kose no Hito, as well as their children and grandchildren, along with the children of the late Nakatomi no Kane and Soga no Hatayasu, were all sent into banishment.  All others were pardoned. And of course those who had supported Ohoama, and who had come to his aid, were given public favour and reward.  In many cases this likely meant receiving high office and corresponding rank, along with increased stipend payments.  There is a notable shift in the makeup of the court, going forward, and it seems clear that families would want to associate themselves with those who fought on Ohoama's side, rather than Ohotomo's, if they could help it.  That was no doubt a part of works like the various diaries and house records that would have been used to compile the Nihon Shoki, recording the deeds that any house did for the throne. Along with all of the punishments and plaudits that were meted out in the 8th month of 672, there was one more event—something of an outlier.  We are told that Chihisakobe no Muraji no Sabichi, the governor of the province of Wohari, went off into the mountains and committed suicide. Sabichi had originally met Ohoama at the Kuwana district house—the local government office—when he had first arrived from Yoshino.  He had a large number of troops—20,000 by the Nihon Shoki's count—which helped Ohoama to ultimately defeat the Afumi court.  So why he would go off into the mountains and commit suicide was anyone's guess.  The Nihon Shoki suggests that it was possible that his allegiance had changed, and he may have been trying to plot against Ohoama.  Perhaps he had been convinced that Afumi court was going to come out on top, and so had begun some plot.  Or he just had a falling out or became disillusioned for some reason.  Whatever it was, it remains a mystery, even today. With the war concluded, it was time for Ohoama to make his way from the field to the Capital so that he could transition to ruling the State properly.  But Ohoama was not interested, it would seem, in setting himself up in his brother's capital.  Setting up in the Ohotsu capital may have raised a few eyebrows.  It had not been a completely popular move to begin with, and it was also the home of the Afumi court's legitimacy.  To take up the throne there, I can only imagine that it would have further reinforced the idea that Ohoama was the usurper, taking the throne that was meant for his nephew.  Instead, he made the decision to travel to the ancient capital, in Asuka, but he was not in a hurry. They headed out on the 8th day of the 9th month of 672, making it from Fuwa to Kuwana.  Here he likely met up with his wife, Princess Uno, and his ten year old son, Prince Ohotsu.  The following day they headed out, traveling back along the route that they had taken from Yoshino, but at a much more leisurely route.  The royal carriage stayed the night in Suzuka.  From there, it was another day to Abe, likely referring to modern Ahai county, in Iga, near Ueno city.  They then continued on to Nabari.  Finally, on the 12th day,they arrived at the Yamato capital—that is to say Asuka—and Ohoama took up residence for a time at the Shima Palace.  This was only, it seems, to give people time to get the actual palace ready, because three days later, Ohoama moved into the Wokamoto Palace.  And with that, Ohoama began the work of running the state—but there was still plenty to prepare.  For one thing, there were foreign embassies—Kim Ap-sil and others arrived.  It was still going to take a while to get the capital ready for guests, though.  From what we can tell, they were probably building a grand new palace, and it would take some time for it to be prepared.  So the Silla embassy was entertained in Tsukushi, where Prince Kurikuma would have been in charge of hosting them.  They were likely filled on the new developments and provided a ship. Meanwhile, Ohoama made sure that all of the appropriate rewards were given out.  On the 4th day of the 12th month, we are told that all those who had rendered services were given higher cap-ranks, based on what they had done. And as the year 672 closes out—and with it, the first of the two Chronicles for Ohoama, the soon-to-be elevated Temmu Tennou. But there is one final entry, marking the death of Wina no Kimi no Takami in the 12th month of the year.  We know that Wina no Kimi no *Iwasuki* was working for the Afumi court, sent to rally troops in the East, but he fled when they encountered Ohoama's troops at Fuwa Pass.  Takami, on the other hand, we know little about, but I suspect may have been on the side of Ohoama.  It is an odd entry, and, like so many, unexplained.  Perhaps it meant something to the people of the early 8th century, but if so, that meaning is likely lost to us. And so we close the book on the Jinshin no Ran—the Jinshin War, or possibly the Disturbance or even Rebellion, depending on how you feel about it.  This account is one of the most detailed we have of this kind of event, and yet it does not seem that it was entirely unique.  There are plenty of indications that previous sovereigns had to fight their way to the throne, or else had to repel others who would try to take it by force.  This was almost a tradition among the royal house of Yamato.  But now that the matter of succession was well and truly settled, it was time to get on with other things. Who knows what an Afumi court may have done and how they could have changed things.  What we do know is what Ohoama—and his queen, Uno no Himemiko—did.  They built upon, or in some cases possibly even fabricated, the legacy of Naka no Oe.  They would set in stone many of the things that had been put in place, and at the same time make certain changes, as well.  The Yamato state was getting started. And we'll start to dive into that next episode.  Until then, thank you once again for listening and for all of your support. If you like what we are doing, please tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website,  SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  Thank you, also, to Ellen for their work editing the podcast. And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  

My brother, Kyle Mortensen, published a wonderful indie book shortly before he died in an accident. He intended to publish three more books in this exciting historical fiction series set during the Warring States period in Japan, but I try to be glad that we at least have the first book, Mists of Iga, which … Continue reading "197 – Mists of Iga: Teen Ninjas, Cool Swords, and Abiding Friendships"

The Immune team goes up the nose to discuss cytotoxic T cells activating complement through secretion of granzyme K to drive inflammatory nasal polyps and how IgA-producing B cells are made in the nose. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cindy Leifer, Steph Langel, and Brianne Barker Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of Immune! Links for this episode MicrobeTV Discord Server CD8 T cells in recurrent airway inflammation (Nature 2025) Where IgA producing B cells arise that protect the nose (Nature 2024) Time stamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks! Music by Tatami. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv Information on this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.  

Andy Roddick is joined by the 2025 Wimbledon Champion, Iga Swiatek! Andy and Ida talk about her dominant run at Wimbledon and how she's never served so well (and looking to keep it up during the hard court season). They also talk about her doping case; where she was when she got the first email, her emotions going through the process, and how she's found a way to come back from the whole situation. Andy and Iga also talk about her coach, her footwork, and so much more! Special thanks to Infosys for sponsoring today's episode: https://www.infosys.com/ Lastly, Jon Wertheim and Producer Mike recap the DC Open winners, Naomi Osaka's announcement that her and Patrick Mouratoglou are splitting ways (and who Wertheim has heard rumors of taking his place), and a few more headlines from the past week.  COMMENT BELOW: What was your favorite moment from the Iga Swiatek interview? Who do you think Naomi Osaka should work with?

Gastroenterologist Dr Will Bulseiwicz and our ambassador Emma Sutherland explore holistic methods of supporting a gut microbiome that reduces risk of developing chronic disease. Will takes into consideration that we're uniquely bio-individual to the level of our gut microbiome and a person's health is intrinsically connected to its own unique gut terrain a.k.a. gut microbiome. Emma and Will also discuss the benefits of maintaining a healthy gut lining by supporting mucus secretions such as secretory IgA, and the usefulness of probiotics. They also discuss the various natural sources of probiotics beyond pills and powders, and how to use them effectively in a clinical setting. Will makes recommendations on how to choose the “right” probiotic for you patients and how to support this use with natural sources along with prebiotics. The discussion then moves to an interesting area of fermented foods and spore forming probiotics (typically from Bacillus spp.) Covered in this episode (00:53) Welcoming Dr Will Bulsiewicz (01:36) What inspired you to focus on this area of practice (05:37) The evolution of germ theory (09:37) Terrain theory and the microbiome (12:35) Supporting the terrain via dietary fibre (16:47) Functions of the mucous in our gut (19:52) Probiotics and gut barrier integrity (25:34) Choosing the right prebiotic (32:29) Spore-based probiotics (34:37) Emphasising small changes for long term success (38:38) Thanking Will and final remarks Find today's transcript and show notes here: https://www.bioceuticals.com.au/education/podcasts/focus-on-fibre-fuelling-the-microbiome Sign up for our monthly newsletter for the latest exclusive clinical tools, articles, and infographics: www.bioceuticals.com.au/signup/ DISCLAIMER: The information provided on fx Medicine by BioCeuticals is for educational and informational purposes only. The information provided is not, nor is it intended to be, a substitute for professional advice or care. Please seek the advice of a qualified health care professional in the event something you learn here raises questions or concerns regarding your health.

In this episode of the Root Cause Medicine Podcast, Dr. Kate Kresge welcomes back Dr. Cheryl Burdette—naturopathic physician, educator, and founder of Precision Point Diagnostics—for a deep dive into one of the most evidence-backed biomarker bundles in functional medicine: the Gut, Oxidation & Stress panel. Dr. Burdette explains how ten underutilized but highly predictive biomarkers—including anti-LPS antibodies, zonulin, 8OHdG, F2-isoprostanes, glutathione, and more—can give clinicians a full-body snapshot of inflammation, leaky gut, immune dysregulation, and oxidative stress. She discusses how each marker ties into chronic conditions from cardiovascular disease to autoimmunity to neuroinflammation—and exactly how to intervene when these labs are out of range. This is a must-listen masterclass for any practitioner working with chronic illness, mystery symptoms, or “normal” labs that don't tell the whole story. You'll Hear Them Discuss: - Why LPS antibodies are one of the most predictive markers in medicine today - How oxidative stress contributes to cardiovascular disease, autoimmunity, and brain fog - What 8OHdG, zonulin, secretory IgA, and glutathione tell us about barrier integrity - The surprising links between gut dysfunction and GLP-1, mood, and immune balance - Case studies showing biomarker-guided interventions that worked - How to boost glutathione (and what forms work best) - When to re-test and what lab shifts to look for - Advanced testing for food sensitivity: IgG subclasses, complement, and tolerance vs. reactivity - Natural GLP-1 agonists, bitters, fiber, and bile as part of metabolic healing

The value of the global trade of goods today is approximately 30 trillion US dollars. That's 83 billion dollars per day of goods being transported all over the world across land, air, and sea. But trade is nothing new. In ancient times, trade began as a barter system in which people exchanged one object for another. People traded animal skins or services for food, weapons, clothing, and spices. Some primitive societies even used shells or pearls as currency, but during the 18th century, coins and money currencies became more prominent. Trade has boomed over the last two centuries to the point where we are all involved in it every day of our lives. Most of us regularly trade in the local supermarket, where we can find almost anything we need in one place rather than having to visit multiple stores. It's made shopping so much more convenient. These self-service super shops offer a wide variety of food, beverages, and household products under one roof. They offer a huge range of brands and product types. In fact, on average, there are around 40K items in the store. The main supermarkets in Australia are Woolworths, Coles, IGA, and Aldi.But have you ever wondered how they began? So, how did one of Australia's largest supermarket chains begin? Well, Gary Kent, as we follow in the footsteps of Sir George James Coles, a businessman and philanthropist, who changed how we shop, do business, and live. His story will amaze and inspire you.

Ep.143 Have you ever wondered if it's possible to improve your dog or cat's longevity? If your dog is dealing with allergies, hot spots, gut issues, or mysterious behaviors, Rita is truly a wealth of knowledge on pet care that doesn't come around often. Rita Hogan, a holistic canine herbalist and author of “The Herbal Dog”,  breaks down everything you need to know about healing your dog with herbs, diet, and even your emotional regulation. Rita walks us through the top 5 herbs for dogs, why our animals are a reflection of our own nervous system dysregulation, how to heal our dogs' allergies, food intolerances, and aid antibiotic recovery with simple herbal remedies that can be easily made at home. She is truly the missing piece of the puzzle in our Western pet care system and generously shares her experience on improving your dog's day-to-day health and capacity for longevity.     HERE'S THE JUICE Breaking down Rita's go-to post- antibiotic recovery protocol and the herbal alternatives that can  protect your pet. The top 5 herbs every dog should be taking to support longevity. What your vet won't tell you about flea and tick medicine and what to look out for The importance of organ health The key  to decoding your pet's behavior is to spot underlying health issues before they escalate Why fixing your dog's microbiome could be the key to longevity and the three simple steps you can take to start supporting their gut health Why your dog could mirror your stress, and the calming ritual that works for you both to support a healthy relationship     TimeCodes: 2:54– talking about Metronidazole 3:15— Blackberry leaf as a solution to diarrhea  5:43— Antibiotic recovery protocol from Rita's book to fix microbiome 6:15— Lily chen tip to restore dog microbiome 9:15—Rita explains the importance of the gut being “prepared” so probiotics work 11:11— How to prepare the gut and make sure probiotics work: Three things (collustrum, plantains, yeast) that increase will boost the secretions of IGA 12:50— How did Rita become a canine herbalist 17:20— Issues with Feel and tick meds and hear worm meds 19:52— Knowing based behavioral cues of a dog what organ issues are 27:00— herbs to use for lymphomas 32:00— importance of balancing both you and your dog's nervous system 37;27— what is the limbic system and how is that involved in the immune system 43:00—talking about how bad phones, wifi, and smart homes are for us and for our dogs 49;45—importance of going back to the basics 51;47— top herbs for dogs 1:01:00- creating a healing protocol and digestive enzymes 1:14:00 - Proteins to feed dogs based on hot or cold energy 1:20:00- oral health links to kidneys 1:30:00- how to stabilize the nervous system for dogs 1:34:00- Using german chamomile to calm nervous system 1;40:00- flea and tick medicine     MY FIRST SONG, “ANOTHER LOVER” IS OUT NOW ⭐️❤️

Join Discourse by making a small monthly pledge, to double your Science of Sport experience!In a packed episode of Spotlight, we kick off with a Discourse Digest that begins on the grass of Wimbledon, where Jannik Sinner and a dominant Iga Świątek took home the titles. Then it's to the rugby fields of South Africa, where the Springboks—led by the ever-innovative Rassie Erasmus—have once again found a tactical edge. But is it genius strategy or a rule-bending loophole?In Center Stage (17:10), the Tour de France is in focus. Jonas Vingegaard's muscle has matched Pogacar on short, punchy climbs, but can he hold his own as the race hits the high mountains? We also break down Remco Evenepoel's pre-race cooling technique - placing hands and forearms in ice water - to explore what the science says about its effectiveness. Plus, we revisit the ongoing issue of concussions in cycling to explain the paradigm shift that is needed to buy space and time for better concussion identification.In Ross Responds (52:07), we revisit the topic of cramp and sodium loss, answering a listener question about 'salty sweat' with a dive into how our bodies prioritize the regulation of sodium concentration, and why sweat testing is nothing more than a measure of the body's systems working to defend physiological 'normal'. In Listener Lens (1:00:10), Tim is looking to break a barrier over 10km, and our Discourse community zeros in on the key to unlock that performance: pacing. We offer some advice to help him nail it.And finally (1:06:53), a Zwift racing series has Ross questioning the platform's 'fairness'. Are the game's efforts to simulate equipment and drafting creating more distortion than accuracy?LinksArticle on South Africa's innovative midfield maul set upStanford study that finds that palm cooling (with a vacuum device) improves performance in bench press and pull ups. Too good to be trueConversely, study showing that palm cooling does not improve interval running performanceAnd conversely again, study showing that immersing the hands and forearm in cold water improves sprint performanceHealy's power numbers from the day, the trigger for our IF discussionCycling's concussion policyFor Discourse members only, Tim's question about his 10km quest and discussions on improving pacingDiscourse members talk cramp Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this episode, Brian and Josh discuss the 2025 Wimbledon Championships. Iga Świątek won the women's singles title over Amanda Anisimova 6-0, 6,0, and Jannik Sinner won the men's singles title over Carlos Alcaraz 4-6, 6-4, 6-4, 6-4. The co-hosts discuss the women's and men's singles championship matches and review sport psychology themes that they observed from the tournament.Sponsored by Geau Sport - GeauSport.com - Exclusive Discount Code for 10% Off - TennisIQ10To learn more about Josh and Brian's backgrounds and sport psychology businesses, go to TiebreakerPsych.com and PerformanceXtra.com. If you have feedback about the show or questions on the mental game in tennis you can email us at tennisiqpodcast@gmail.com. If you're enjoying the show please rate us on your favorite podcast platform including Apple Podcasts and Spotify and write a review. Don't forget to subscribe on YouTube or your podcast platform of choice (Apple Podcasts, Spotify, etc.) to stay up to date on future episodes.

Comenzaremos la primera parte del programa hablando de los aranceles con los que Donald Trump busca castigar a Brasil por el juicio a Jair Bolsonaro y a México por la fallida lucha contra el narcotráfico. Hablaremos también de la creación de un proyecto para reutilizar el sargazo en Quintana Roo; y por último, del plato de pasta con fresas recomendado por la tenista Iga Świątek, que se ha vuelto viral en las redes sociales.    En la segunda parte del programa les tenemos más acontecimientos de América Latina. En nuestro diálogo gramatical ilustraremos ejemplos del uso de The Indirect Object Part II - Leísmo, Laísmo and Loísmo mientras hablamos de la vida de Tongolele, la bailarina exótica de la Época de Oro del cine mexicano. Cerraremos la emisión explorando el uso de la frase: A toda máquina. En este segmento hablaremos de la revista cultural colombiana Gaceta, que todavía se edita en papel. - Trump amenaza con aranceles para proteger a Jair Bolsonaro - Trump anuncia aranceles para México y la Unión Europea - Quintana Roo crea un proyecto para reutilizar el sargazo - El plato de pasta con fresas que se ha vuelto viral - The Indirect Object. Part II - Leísmo, Laísmo and Loísmo - Gaceta, la revista cultural colombiana que desafía los tiempos

Carolyn and Danielle almost made it to Chicago to see the Sky beat the Lynx… but fate had other plans. Hear the chaotic tale that kept them grounded. Meanwhile, Tobin Heath officially retires from soccer so we're throwing a verbal parade in her honor. Iga Świątek shuts down Amanda Anisimova's Wimbledon comeback in a ruthless straight-sets win. And the trilogy fight between Katie Taylor and Amanda Serrano? Pure cinematic magic. Fists flew, emotions ran high, and your hosts were all in.If you rate Women's Sports Weekly 5 stars, send a screenshot and you will receive a sticker!SUBSCRIBE TO WOMEN'S SPORTS WEEKLY YouTubeSpotifyApple Podcasts  FOLLOW WOMEN'S SPORTS WEEKLY ON SOCIALInstagramTikTokCONTACT WomensSportsWeeklyPod@gmail.com Women's Sports Weekly is created, produced, edited, and hosted by Carolyn Bryan and Danielle Bryan. Music is by the talented ⁠Melvin Alexander Black.

This episode we continue with the Jinshin War.  This episode we follow Prince Oama on his dramatic escape to the east:  From Yoshino he dashed through the mountains, through Iga and over to Ise.  In so doing he secured both Suzuka and Fuwa--areas that would be important chokepoints throughout Japan's history.   For more information, check out our blogpost at: https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/episode-130 Rough Transcript Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  My name is Joshua and this is episode 130: Jinshin no Ran, Part II:  Gathering Stormclouds.   The soldier on watch was doing his best to keep alert.  The night shift was never pleasant duty, and it was even less pleasant out here in the mountains.  There were plenty of sounds in the night—birds and animals out in the darkness—but rarely was there much actual action.  At least the sky was clear, with only the occasional cloud. Guarding a post station was hardly the worst duty in the world. There was a decent amount of traffic: after all, they were along one of the major routes between Ise and Yamato.  But at night, well, who wanted to try and navigate the mountain roads?  That was a great way to fall into a river and drown, or get lost in the woods, unable to find your way back to civilization. It must have been a shock when he saw a light in the distance.  There were almost always a few fires somewhere in the village, but most of them were out or covered at this time of night, with the exception of the odd torch.  But this was something more.  At first the guard thought it was just his eyes playing tricks on him.  And then he wondered if it was some kind of mountain spirit—he'd heard of ghost parades that could come and take people in the night.  He shivered, and instinctively checked his own torch to ensure that it was burning well and bright.  Indeed it was. It took him a little time for his eyes to adjust again to the darkness, but now, sure enough, he saw the torches coming—and not just one, many of them, and he could now hear the faint metallic clank of metal on metal.  He then heard a faint sound like a tight rope being suddenly plucked.  It only just started to dawn on him what was happening when the first arrows started to rain down on his position. They were under attack!   Welcome back.  This episode we are continuing with our coverage of the Jinshin no Ran—the Jinshin War of 672—and if you haven't already, I highly recommend you start with episode 129, where we talk about some of the background for what was happening.  That said, let's do a quick recap to bring us up to speed on where we are.  And then we'll dive into an account of an absolutely unbelievable journey, which is impressive for multiple reasons, but mostly for the speed at which it was able to take place. So as you may recall, Naka no Oe, aka Tenji Tennou, passed away at the end of 671 after months of illness.  After falling ill, the Chronicles tell us that he offered the state to his younger brother, the Crown Prince, Prince Ohoama, but Ohoama was warned that it was a trap, and as such, he turned down the offer.  Instead, he retired from his position to become a monk, and left for Yoshino, taking half of his household with him.  With Ohoama retired, Naka no Oe's son, the 23 year old Prince Ohotomo, took the throne. After Naka no Oe's death, Ohotomo effectively ruled Yamato from the Ohotsu palace in Afumi, running things along with the ministers of the left and right, Soga no Akaye and Nakatomi no Kane, and other high ministers.  Though the Nihon Shoki does not acknowledge it, Ohotomo is thought to have been a formal sovereign, in deed if not in name, at this point.  Much later, he would be given the posthumous name of “Koubun Tennou”. It would seem that Ohotomo and the Afumi court had misgivings about Prince Ohoama's promise to retire from the world and not challenge the throne.  The Nihon Shoki recounts that they began to make subtle preparations for a conflict, including levying men to build Naka no Oe's tomb, but issuing them weapons instead of tools.  They also set up checkpoints along the road from the court in Ohotsu down to Asuka—the main route to where Ohoama was residing in Yoshino.  And then, finally, someone told Ohoama that they were no longer allowing Prince Ohoama's people to cross the Uji bridge to bring him and his household supplies. Prince Ohoama was not going to sit idly by while the Afumi court gathered up enough forces to claim he was doing something treasonous and then march on him in Yoshino.  And so he sent one of his trusted vassals to the east to seek support.  Meanwhile, he himself was making ready to move.  There was just one more thing before setting out:  seeing if he could get posting bells.  This was sparked by the words of one of his advisors, who suggested that they should be careful.  They did not have many soldiers in Yoshino, and they had already sent out a general like Woyori to start raising troops in the East.  At the same time, if the Afumi Court was also maneuvering, it was likely that they would have sent words to the various post stations to bar the roads and prevent any movement. As such, Prince Ohoama decided to send several messengers to ask for Posting Bells, so that Ohoama and his men could make use of the official horses at the various post stations, allowing them to travel much more quickly and freely.  However, it was not clear if such orders had come and, if they had, where the local government officiallys might place their loyalty. Of particular importance was the case of Prince Takasaka, who was in charge of the Okamoto Palace, and thus the governance of the ancient capital. He would be the one to grant posting bells if they were to receive them.  If he provided the bells, then Ohoama and his party could assume they would have little to no trouble making their way East. And so Prince Ohoama sent his evnoys to the Okamoto palace.The messengers requested posting bells, but Prince Takasaka refused to issue them.  This sent a clear message to Prince Ohoama:  the Afumi court had no intention of letting him and his household have free access to the roads, and the local officials in Asuka were not going to provide any support.  In fact, Prince Takasaka now knew that Ohoama planned to travel, and if he wanted to, Takasaka could likely raise troops to try and stop Ohoama from leaving.  At the very least he would no doubt be sending a swift horse to Ohotsu to inform the Afumi court.  Ohoama and his followers would have to hurry if they wanted to do anything. And so, on the 24th of the 6th month, the same day that he got word back about the posting bells,  Prince Ohoama made the decision to move.  He and his entourage left quickly—he didn't even let anyone saddle a horse for him or prepare his carriage.  He just started to head out on foot on a journey to the East – and keep in mind that everything I'm going to describe in the next few minutes happened over the course of one night, truly an epic journey for Ohoama and all of those with him..  The Chronicles lists about 20 men and over ten women who originally set out with Ohoama from Yoshino, including his wife, the Royal Princess Uno no Sarara, daughter of Naka no Oe.  She wasn't walking, however—she followed a little behind in a palanquin, or litter, carried on poles.  I do wonder if those carrying the palanquin are among those mentioned, or were they servants or even enslaved persons who weren't considered worthy of note. The path they traveled wound its way through the mountains.  Streams and rivers had carved channels and valleys into these mountains.  People had settled these areas, and created paths through the wilderness.  Now, the valleys were fairly well populated, with roads connecting the communities that had grown up in the nooks and hollers. These facilitated trade through the mountain communities and between the eastern and western sides of the Kii peninsula, but even still, it was difficult terrain.  Unlike roads in the flat plains, the width of the roads in the mountains would have been constrained by steep mountainsides and the natural twists and turns of the valleys.  There may have been rope or wooden bridges that they had to cross, as streams constantly flow down the hill sides to the river below.  This route would make it much easier to avoid any official Afumi forces that might have been sent out, as those would likely be sticking to the main roads, but there were still government outposts along the way.  If these outposts proved loyal to the Afumi court, they could raise the alarm and send a messenger on horseback, who could likely flee much more quickly than Ohoama's men could follow.  And if Afumi learned that Ohoama was on the move, they could quickly mobilize their forces, secure key strategic points, and Ohoama's mad rush would be for naught.   The path Ohoama chose would lead from Yoshino, through the valleys, up through Iga, and then over to Suzuka, in Ise—modern Mie prefecture.  The journey was long and it wasn't going to be easy, but they needed to move quickly. Speaking of which, since Ohoama was traveling on foot, one of his men, Agata no Inukahi no Ohotomo, gave Prince Ohoama his own horse to ride.  Oh, and in case you are wondering: There are a lot of people named “Ohotomo” in the narrative, not just the Prince, Ohoama's nephew and rival for the throne.  Sorry, it was apparently a somewhat popular name AND it was also a clan, or uji, name as well.  I'll try to distinguish some of them in the podcast blog page. The party hadn't traveled far when Ohoama's own carriage—or possibly a palanquin, like his wife's—showed up for him, so I assume Ohotomo got his horse back, but they were still constrained to the speed of their slowest member, and I doubt that the mountain roads were all that wide and flat—most likely just the opposite. The group journeyed upstream along the Tsuburo river and eventually made it to Aki, in the area of Uda, due east of Sakurai and Mt. Miwa.  Here they were overtaken by two men, known as Ohotomo no Muraji no Makuda and Kibumi no Muraji no Ohotomo, both hurrying on from the Yoshino Palace. Makuda had been at the Afumi court, but word was starting to spread there that there was going to be some kind of move against Prince Ohoama, so he and his brother, Ohotomo no Fukei, had feigned illness and returned to their home in the Asuka region.  Once there, Makuda had made straightaway for Yoshino, only to find that Ohoama was already on the move.  Ohotomo no Fukei, on the other hand, chose to stay in the area of Asuka and see what he could do there.  He was looking to see what kind of forces he could raise in the ancient capital region.  We'll learn more about him, later. It was also in Aki, apparently, where they met Hashi no Muraji no Mate, who was from the Department of the official rice fields.  Even though he was a government official, he was a supporter of Ohoama and his cause, and so he supplied Ohoama and his people with food for their journey. Just north of the Aki fields they came upon Kammura—thought to be near modern Kaguraoka—where the Yoshino forces conscripted 20 hunters into service, almost doubling their numbers, and now they at least had some weapons with them.  Prince Mino, and presumably his men, also joined forces with Ohoama and his party—their ranks were starting to grow. In Uda, they were no doubt glad of any assistance, and at the government offices in the village of Uda itself, they were also warmly welcomed.  There they found 50 pack-horses that were laden down with rice meant for the hot baths at Ise.  The rice was discarded and Ohoama commandeered the pack animals so that his forces could ride, rather than walk.  Nonetheless, it was still a long way to go.  Indeed, night was approaching by the time they reached Ohono—likely the modern area of Muro-ohono and Ohonoji, along the Uda river.  They didn't want to stop, but it could be treacherous trying to navigate in the mountains in the dark.  What they needed was a light source.  And so we are told that they pulled down some of the fences of nearby houses and created makeshift torches to light their way.  Thus they were able to continue on until they reached the town of Nabari at approximately midnight. Nabari was not quite so friendly.  It was the home of a post-station, which had a duty to report things to the Afumi court.  Ohoama and his men arrived with their torches and in the middle of the night they attacked and set fire to the post station.  One can only imagine how surprised those manning the station must have been.  Presumably Ohoama's party took any horses and provisions, both for their own use and so that they couldn't be used against them.  To those members of the village that were woken up and who came out to see what was going on, Ohoama's entourage proclaimed that Prince Ohoama was heading east and that people should join them.  More specifically we are told that he said that the “Sumera no Mikoto” was on his way to the East Country. I want to pause here a moment, because there are some that say that this was the first use of the term “Sumera no Mikoto”, or, as we more commonly read the characters today, “Tennou”.  At the very least we believe that the term “Tennou” may have first used in this time period—though I do wonder about it being used in this particular instance.  I'll come back to this at the end, but for now, let's get back to the story.  So Ohoama announced to the people that he, the sovereign—for he had declared himself as such—was heading to the Eastern lands, and he invited anyone who wished to join him.  Nobody took him up on his offer, however.  It must have sounded crazy.  Ohoama had swept in at midnight, his forces carrying torches, and had attacked the post station, the symbol of the government in their midst.  I imagine that the people wanted little to nothing to do with any further conflict if they could help it. Continuing on in the darkness, Ohoama and his party came to a river—probably the Nabari River.  The Chronicle refers to it as “Yokokawa”, a term that shows up multiple times, and means something like “side river” and I suspect it was just the name for a river that ran alongside the fields or something similar.  As they were crossing, a dark cloud spread across the night sky for over 10 rods—about 100 feet.  Ohoama kindled a light and took a look at a geomantic rule to determine what it could mean.  This “rule” was possibly a type of stick or even a kind of compass-like device with a square bottom and round top, indicating the heavens and the earth.  He announced to everyone that the cloud was an omen that the country would be divided into two parts but, ultimately, their side would win out. One can only imagine how tired and worn out everyone was at this point, but apparently this urged them onward.  They reached Iga, where once again, they attacked and set fire to the posting station. Now getting through Iga must have had Ohoama's head on a swivel.  After all, Prince Ohotomo's mother was apparently from that region – he was the Iga Royal Prince, after all - so it would be understandable if people were loyal to him.  Fortunately, for Ohoama, he had his local supporters as well.  In fact, Joan Piggot points out in “The Emergence of Japanese Kingship” that Ohoama may have had a surprising amount of support from the various local elites.  Remember that the policies that Naka no Oe and the court had put into place had given power to court appointed officials at the expense of the traditional local elites.  So it may have been that those traditional local elites were more inclined to assist Ohoama against the Afumi Court, while those appointed officials, such as those who were managing the post stations, were more likely to swing the other way, since their positions and their stipends were directly reliant on the court's good graces.  This seems to have been the case in this instance, around Nakayama, in Iga, where we are told that they met with local district governors who had heard that Ohoama was on the move and who had raised several hundred men in support of his cause.  Now their ranks really had grown—compared with the relatively small group that had first set out from Yoshino the previous day, there were now hundreds of men on the march. Ohoama's forces finally arrived at the plain of Tara, or Tarano, by dawn, and with the sun coming over the mountains they briefly stopped for a moment to catch their breath and eat something.  They had just marched through the night—a distance of approximately 70 kilometers, or 43 and a half miles.  That included stops to attack and set fire to two post stations along the way, and much of the journey early on was done on foot.  During that march, their ranks had grown tremendously.  This is an incredible feat, especially with much of it being accomplished at night. Let's also quickly discuss those extra troops that had come to his banner.  Remember that prior to this, Prince Ohoama had sent messengers ahead to Mino and Owari to try and raise forces in those areas.  They had likely traveled these same roadways, and told  any allies they had to prepare.  So while the forces were raised quickly, there were no doubt some logistics that went into it. After a brief rest, the army was back on their feet, heading to Yamaguchi—modern Tsuge city.  Here Ohoama was greeted by his son, Prince Takechi, who had come from Afumi down through Kafuka—modern Kouka, aka Kouga.  He had brought several other men of his own, and presumably soldiers as well. The entire party crossed Mt. Miyama and into Suzuka, in Ise, where they were joined by the provincial governor, Miyake no Muraji no Iwatoko; Deputy Governor, Miwa no Kimi no Kobuto, and the magistrate of the famous hot baths, Tanaka no Omi no Tarumaro, among others.  That same morning, they set a troop of 500 soldiers to guard the pass.  After all, it would do them no good to have a government force suddenly appear behind them.  Also, you may recall that Ohoama's request to his allies in Mino was to take the Fuwa pass, in the north—the area more popularly known today as Sekigahara.  So now, with both the Suzuka and Fuwa passes under Ohoama's control, his forces controlled access to the Eastern countries.  The only other viable route, at least if you didn't want to get lost in the mountains, was to take the road to the north, through Koshi, and that was going to be a slog around or over the Japan Alps. So a garrison was left as a rear guard, but the troops who were not staying to guard the pass continued, turning northwards.  By sunset on the 25th day of the 6th month of 672, they had reached the foot of Kahawa Hill.  Here, Ohoama's consort, Princess Uno no Sarara, asked if they could take a break.  She was not exactly used to this kind of travel, and even riding on a palanquin, she was exhausted and fatigued.  As they looked to the sky, though, it was clear that dark clouds were gathering.  So they cut their rest short and pushed on, hoping to make it to the government offices at Mie—likely meaning modern day Yokkaichi city. Sure enough, as they continued to march, the heavens opened with a thunderstorm pouring down on them.  The entire army was soaked to the bone.  Cold and wet, when they did get to the government center or Mie district, they deliberately set fire to an entire building just so that the troops could try to warm themselves a bit.  Those who had set out from Yoshino had marched over 122km, or 75 miles, including over 700 meters of elevation up and 800 meters down.  Checking a map of the route, it suggests that a person walking it, today, without any breaks, would take around 28 hours to complete the trip, and indeed, Ohoama's took roughly one and a half days.  That includes time for their assaults on the various post stations, and a brief rest at the Tara fields.  Now, granted, they had procured horses for parts of that, and many of the soldiers had not necessarily been there since the beginning, but it is still an incredible feat, when you think about it.  I'm honestly surprised that it doesn't get more of a mention in various historical contexts.  Then again, we are still well before the age of the Samurai, which is the period most martial historians typically examine. So that night, as they were settling in at the Mie government center following their amazing dash across the mountains, word came from forces at Suzuka:  Prince Yamabe and Prince Ishikawa had apparently come to offer their allegiance to Ohoama.  However, as they weren't known to the men, they were held at the Suzuka barrier until someone could verify.  Ohoama sent Michi no Atahe no Masubito to go fetch them and bring them to him. The following morning, Ohoama worshipped towards Amaterasu on the banks of a river in the district of Asake.  Thinking about it, I'm not sure if they meant that he worshipped south, in the direction of Ise Shrine, or if he worshipped east, the direction of the rising sun.  The exact direction doesn't entirely matter, but I think we will come back to this, as it would have consequences later on. Later, Masubito returned from his errand, catching back up to the army, which was continuing on its way.  It turns out that it was not Princes Yamabe and Ishikawa that Masubito had found at Suzuka, but instead  Ohoama's own son, Ohotsu, who had come along to join his father.  I presume he had been traveling under a false name in case he ran into men loyal to the Afumi court.  He was followed by a number of others, including a list of names which I am not going to go over here because it wouldn't mean all that much.  Suffice it to say that the Chroniclers were doing their best to make sure that various families were remembered for what they did. Now just as Prince Ohotsu was joining the main force, Murakami no Woyori arrived with word that 3,000 Mino troops were mobilized and currently blocking the Fuwa Road.  You may recall that Woyori was the one that Ohoama had sent to Mino for just that purpose, scouting out the lay of the land. Ohoama sent Prince Takechi ahead to Fuwa to organize the forces there.  Then he sent two others to mobilize troops along the Tokaido region, and two others were sent into the mountains to levy soldiers from the Tousando region.  As a quick reminder: the Tokaido was the eastern sea highway, while the Tousando, the Eastern Mountain Road, went through the middle of eastern Honshu, through the more mountainous regions.  Together, these two routes would have pulled from the most populous regions of the east. As for Ohoama, he took up residence at the government center in Kuwana, where he spent some time resting for a bit. Now just as Ohoama was building up his forces, so, too, was the Afumi court.  As soon as word made it to the capital that Ohoama was on the move, chaos ensued.  Many people fled the capital, some heading to the East, perhaps to join Ohoama, while others went to hide in the mountains and marshes until all the chaos was over and the dust settled.  The young Prince Ohotomo asked the ministers what he should do, and they recommended that he immediately set out with cavalry to pursue Ohoama and catch him before he could assemble too many troops.  However, he decided not to heed their advice, instead opting to assemble an army of his own, to add to the soldiers that had already been levied.  He sent Ina no Iwasuki, Fumi no Kusuri, and Wosaka no Ohomaro to the East country, while Hodzumi no Momotari, his younger brother, Ihoye, and Mononobe no Hiuga headed to the Yamato capital—which is to say Asuka.  Ohotomo also sent Saheki no Wotoko to Tsukushi and Kusu no Iwate to Kibi, all with orders to levy troops.  He gave Wotoko and Iwate special instructions, since there was some concern that neither Tsukushi nor Kibi would be compliant, as they both had been supported by Ohoama and may feel ties to him.  So if the leaders of either of those areas were to resist, Wotoko and Iwate were authorized to execute them for treason. As Iwasuki, Kusuri, and Ohomaro headed east, they traveled around Lake Biwa and were headed to the Fuwa pass, not knowing that it was already controlled by Ohoama's forces.  Iwasuki, however, was cautious.  He realized that they might be ambushed, and so he held back from the main group.  Sure enough, he was right:  Kusuri and Ohomaro were ambushed and captured, at which point Iwasuki fled, barely escaping. The following day, Prince Takechi sent a note to his father asking him to move closer to Fuwa, so that they could better communicate with the front line.  Ohoama headed out, but left Princess Uno in Kuwana, which was well situated between Fuwa and Suzuka, and was likely far enough from the front lines to ensure that it wouldn't be disrupted by skirmishes at the passes.  As Ohoama then traveled through Wohari, the governor, Chihisakobe no Muraji no Sabichi, also joined him with a force of 20,000 men.  Ohoama had them divided up and set them on roads to various places as needed. Ohoama finally reached Nogami, just on the eastern edge of modern Sekigahara.  This is near where Tokugawa Ieyasu would eventually make his first camp as well, at his fateful battle here just under a thousand years later.  At Nogami, Ohoama would set up his headquarters, Nogami no Miya, or the Nogami Palace.  Meanwhile, Prince Takechi would handle the troops in the main part of the area near the pass, known as Wazami.  As Ohoama reached Nogami, Takechi came to conference with him.  He noted that there had already been an altercation—they had taken prisoners, who claimed that they were actually headed east to raise troops for Ohoama, but given that they didn't know who they were AND that Iwasuki had fled back towards Ohotsu-kyo suggested that this was not exactly the case. Following that incident, and a fair amount of speechifying, Ohoama eventually placed Prince Takechi formally in charge of the army, presenting him the gift of a saddle-horse.  Takechi went back to his camp at Wazami.  That night, a severe thunderstorm broke out.  Ohoama prayed that if the kami favored his case, they would make the storm abate, and immediately the thunder and lightning stopped. The next day, on the 28th, Ohoama traveled over to Wazami to review the troops and check on the military arrangements, before returning back to Nogami.  He likewise went out the following day, issuing commands through Prince Takechi, and then returned again to Nogami. At this point, soldiers were likely on their way from the Eastern provinces and elsewhere.  On the one hand, they wanted to wait and make sure that they had all the troops they needed.  But on the other hand, they didn't want to wait too long.  The Afumi court was likewise building up its forces, and the longer they waited, the greater the chance that they could dig in and entrench themselves.  Something would have to happen, soon. But that something will have to wait for the next episode.    Before we finish, though, I do want to come back to something:  the title “Tenno”, or “Sumera no Mikoto”.  Up to this point, evidence suggests that the term used for the sovereign of Yamato was not “Tennou” as we know it today, but instead was the term “Oho-kimi”.  “Oho-kimi”, or basically the “Big Kimi”—something like the primary lord—was the one lord of lords of Yamato.  But that was probably something based on local concepts of governance.  With the introduction of new ideas of governance, many based on the Han and Tang dynasty models, we see a shift in the terminology. There are poems that come from the era of Naka no Oe—Tenji Tennou—that use terms like “Huang” (皇) and “Di” (帝)—“Kou” and “Tei” in Japanese.  These are imperial terms from the continent.  At some point, however, we see that they use “Tian” (天) and “Huang” (皇).  “Tianhuang” becomes “Tennou” (天皇) when read in Japanese, and it critically utilizes the character “Tian” for Heaven.  Interestingly, this does not appear to be a term that was ever commonly used for rulers in the area of modern China.  I seem to recall that it was used here and there, but not with any frequency.  There is some thought that it may have been pulled from a term for the north star, or pole star, which sometimes used the term, I suspect referring to that star as the Heavenly Ruler—the star that the heavens themselves were focused on. For a variety of reasons, we see a particular emphasis on Heaven, and on Amaterasu, in the decades following 672, and it is thought that this is all connected.  And so it is generally from some time here, in the late 7th century, that we can probably start to refer to the sovereigns as “Tennou”. Although, it is unclear to me if the authors of the Nihon Shoki pronounced it like this or not, later glosses given for the characters in Japanese is “Sumera no Mikoto”, the kun'yomi, or Japanese reading.  The problem is that the Nihon Shoki projects this term back to the very beginning of the narrative, with “Jimmu Tennou” being the first.  However, we have some evidence that the earlier term was, as as I said before, “Ohokimi”.  For many years, there was an idea that the term “Sumera no Mikoto” first appeared in the era of Toyomike Kashikiya Hime, aka Suiko Tennou, probably because that is when Buddhism and continental studies really seem to kick off.  However, there really is no evidence of its use then, and it seems that more scholars today place its use in the late 7th or early 8th century. So there is the possibility that this title was first used by Ohoama, as some claim, when he declared that the “Sumera no Mikoto” or “Tennou” was heading to the Eastern countries.  Of course, that could also just be dramatic license by the Chroniclers, who were less concerned with what, exactly, he said and more concerned with the meaning of it all.  We've also known them to swap out older terms for those in use in the 8th century, updating the narrative. Regardless, I think that about this time we can start to refer to the sovereigns of Yamato—and eventually Japan, or Nihon, another somewhat controversial term—as “Tennou”, or “Sumera no Mikoto”, from about this period.  I'll probably still use the term “sovereign” in general, and I'll try to avoid the term “imperial” for anything prior to the 19th century, when it became a standard English translation.  After all, Empires were the rage—Chinese, Ottoman, British, Austrian, French, Spanish, you name it.  Everyone had an empire, and so Japan, following that model, must also have been an “empire”.  Even today, it is officially the “Imperial Household” and that is the official translation. However, I want to be cautious about using that translation too early, however.  The institution of “Tennou”, while modeled on the Tang dynasty, took on its own character.  As such, I think that it is best to avoid the term for now, because it really was its own thing, and I don't want to conflate too many foreign concepts of “emperor” with the idea of the Japanese ruler. As for the term “Sumera no Mikoto”—it does not appear to me that the etymology of this term is clearly known.  One explanation is that “Sumera” is related to the word “Suberu”, to rule.  “Sumera” is also defined as meaning something precious, though I'm not sure if that meaning existed before its use to refer to the sovereign.  “Mikoto” is simply an honorific referring to the sovereign, meaning “royal” or “imperial”.  I suspect that the term “Tennou” came over first, and later it became glossed as “Sumera no Mikoto”, which may have been an earlier term, but we don't have any clear evidence.  Variations do appear in the Man'yoshu, the collection of ancient poems, so the concept was clearly around by the 8th century. Anyway, I think that's enough.  We'll probably talk about it more when we get to the rise of the worship of Amaterasu.  Until then, let's continue with our series on the Jinshin War. Next episode we will kick off with some of the actual fighting and campaigns in Afumi, Iga, and in Yamato.  Until then, thank you once again for listening and for all of your support. If you like what we are doing, please tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website,  SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  Thank you, also, to Ellen for their work editing the podcast. And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.

Hosts Alex Kirshner, Ben Lindbergh, and Lindsay Gibbs are joined by Giri Nathan, co-founder of Defector and author of the new book Changeover, for a discussion of Jannik Sinner's breakthrough win and Iga Świątek's domination at Wimbledon. The panel also digs into the Atlanta Braves' surprisingly disappointing season, and then they welcome sportswriter Henry Bushnell to post-mortem the FIFA Club World Cup. Plus, Lindsay has an Afterball on the amazing career and retirement of soccer player Tobin Heath. On the bonus episode available exclusively for Slate Plus members, the panel discusses the NCAA's proposed plan to expand March Madness even further. Wimbledon (3:18): Sinner grabs glory The Atlanta Braves (30:18): The prospective world beaters now suck? Club World Cup (47:21): Was it worth it? Afterballs (1:05:30): Tobin Heath Retires. (Note: time codes are only accurate for Slate Plus members, who listen ad-free.) Get more Hang Up and Listen with Slate Plus! Join for weekly bonus episodes of Hang Up and Listen and ad-free listening on all your favorite Slate podcasts. Subscribe from the Hang Up and Listen show page on Apple Podcasts or Spotify, or visit slate.com/hangupplus for access wherever you listen. You can email us at hangup@slate.com. Podcast production and editing by Kevin Bendis, with production assistance from Ben Richmond. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Hosts Alex Kirshner, Ben Lindbergh, and Lindsay Gibbs are joined by Giri Nathan, co-founder of Defector and author of the new book Changeover, for a discussion of Jannik Sinner's breakthrough win and Iga Świątek's domination at Wimbledon. The panel also digs into the Atlanta Braves' surprisingly disappointing season, and then they welcome sportswriter Henry Bushnell to post-mortem the FIFA Club World Cup. Plus, Lindsay has an Afterball on the amazing career and retirement of soccer player Tobin Heath. On the bonus episode available exclusively for Slate Plus members, the panel discusses the NCAA's proposed plan to expand March Madness even further. Wimbledon (3:18): Sinner grabs glory The Atlanta Braves (30:18): The prospective world beaters now suck? Club World Cup (47:21): Was it worth it? Afterballs (1:05:30): Tobin Heath Retires. (Note: time codes are only accurate for Slate Plus members, who listen ad-free.) Get more Hang Up and Listen with Slate Plus! Join for weekly bonus episodes of Hang Up and Listen and ad-free listening on all your favorite Slate podcasts. Subscribe from the Hang Up and Listen show page on Apple Podcasts or Spotify, or visit slate.com/hangupplus for access wherever you listen. You can email us at hangup@slate.com. Podcast production and editing by Kevin Bendis, with production assistance from Ben Richmond. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Hosts Alex Kirshner, Ben Lindbergh, and Lindsay Gibbs are joined by Giri Nathan, co-founder of Defector and author of the new book Changeover, for a discussion of Jannik Sinner's breakthrough win and Iga Świątek's domination at Wimbledon. The panel also digs into the Atlanta Braves' surprisingly disappointing season, and then they welcome sportswriter Henry Bushnell to post-mortem the FIFA Club World Cup. Plus, Lindsay has an Afterball on the amazing career and retirement of soccer player Tobin Heath. On the bonus episode available exclusively for Slate Plus members, the panel discusses the NCAA's proposed plan to expand March Madness even further. Wimbledon (3:18): Sinner grabs glory The Atlanta Braves (30:18): The prospective world beaters now suck? Club World Cup (47:21): Was it worth it? Afterballs (1:05:30): Tobin Heath Retires. (Note: time codes are only accurate for Slate Plus members, who listen ad-free.) Get more Hang Up and Listen with Slate Plus! Join for weekly bonus episodes of Hang Up and Listen and ad-free listening on all your favorite Slate podcasts. Subscribe from the Hang Up and Listen show page on Apple Podcasts or Spotify, or visit slate.com/hangupplus for access wherever you listen. You can email us at hangup@slate.com. Podcast production and editing by Kevin Bendis, with production assistance from Ben Richmond. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This week the guys talk about the final rounds of Wimbledon, Iga's throttle in the final, and another matchup between Alcaraz and Sinner!

DWIE GODZINY DWUMIESIĄCZKI      A w niej: Poszerzony dział kuchnia, bo @iga.swiatek rozwaliła system, zatem @fiolkanajdenowicz opisuje, jak jest @maciejmakselon o sezonie ogórkowym @kasiakasia_oficjalnie o filozofach na lato @anna_mo_anna o bikini body i o tym, co mamy w głowie @sulej.kubik o pięknym tradycyjnym hafcie palestyńskim   Poza tym: Merch @oasis , okulary Eltona do kupienia, kupiono torebkę Jane, Bezos chyba kupi Vogue w prezencie dla żony, walkman nowej generacji, Barbie z cukrzycą, książki, filmy, seriale, na koniec piosenka mojego życia.      Patroni od progu 25 mają GIGANTYCZNY newsletter ze wszystkim, co w podkaście oraz rzeczami, których nie ma w podkaście, tylko dla nich        Ten podcast powstaje dzięki Patronite: https://patronite.pl/karolinakp 0:00:00 Intro 0:02:58 Przerwany wywiad z Braunem 0:10:15 Felieton Macieja Makselona  0:14:22 Newsy i newsiki 0:34:18 Comiesięczna księgarnia 0:41:50 Felieton Anny Mochnaczewskiej 0:55:13 W kinie i na kanapie 1:08:22 Dział mody 1:10:43 Felieton Karoliny Sulej 1:23:25 Iga Świątek i makaron z truskawkami  1:31:33 Felieton Fiolki Najdenowicz 1:37:57 Wielki powrót Oasis 1:44:08 Felieton Katarzyny Kasi 1:49:07 Outro

En la 1407-a E_elsendo el la 15.07.2025 ĉe www.pola-retradio.org: • En la enonduka parto de la elsendo ni retrorigardas al kelkaj historiaj eventoj en Pollando kaj en la mondo ligitaj kun la 15-a de julio. • Komenca aktualaĵo rilatas al la brila venko de pola tenisistino Iga Świątek en la prestiĝa turniro en la brita Wimbledon. • La kulturkronikaj informoj rilatas al okazonta lime de julio kaj aŭgusto en la norda Pollando la 29-a Internacia Ŝekspir-festivalo; al ekspozicio en Lodzo „Mumintroloj: pordo ĉiam malferma”; al la daŭranta  en la varsocia Łazienki-parko evento „La vivo de la Reĝa Ĝardeno”. • En la E-komunuma segmento ni informas pri Rafaela Urueña elektita kiel Honora Prezidanto de Hispana E-Federacio; pri nova premio anoncota dum la UK en Brno - la Premio Power por sciencaj prelegoj. • Hodiaŭ ni enrigardas la sonversion de la 154-a numero de „Tempo” de Kroata E-Ligo kaj citas novaĵojn pri Arkivo de KEL. El ĉi tiu sonversio ni prezentas krome la E-tradukon de poeziaĵo de Mladen Belica „Esti kune”. Tradukis ĝin kaj recitas Spomenka Štimec. • En la hodiaŭa elsendo aŭdiĝas kanzono de AI por la origianala teksto de Erika Godó (Belulino) „Someraj Revoj”. La hodiaŭan programinformon akompanas interreta foto prezentanta la polan tenisistinon kun la trofeo enmane. • En unuopaj rubrikoj de nia paĝo eblas konsulti la paralele legeblajn kaj aŭdeblajn tekstojn el niaj elsendoj, kio estas tradicio de nia Redakcio ekde 2003. La elsendo estas aŭdebla en jutubo ĉe la adreso: https://www.youtube.com/results?q=pola+retradio&sp=CAI%253D I.a. pere de jutubo, konforme al individua bezono, eblas rapidigi aŭ malrapidigi la parolritmon de la sondokumentoj, transsalti al iu serĉata fragmento de la elsendo.

Wimbledon ends with maybe not the champions we chose but the ones we were given. Iga Swiatek honed her grass game and unleashed an almighty tempest to beat Amanda Anisimova with the loss of zero games. Jannik Sinner snapped his 5-match skid against chief rival Carlos Alcaraz by pounding his way to the title. We cover the very human and predictable limitations of electronic line calling, Sally Jenkins' (warranted) hit piece on John McEnroe, and our lasting impressions of London. You can also expect us to discuss the embarrassing display of billionaire worship that occurred when “activist investor” Bill Ackman got an undeserved wild card to the Hall of Fame Open. 2:10 Dorothea Lambert Chambers thought her record was safe; Iga thought otherwise 16:10 Amanda's journey to the Wimbledon final  21:05 Dimitrov and Djokovic injuries ease Sinner's path 26:15 What happened, Carlitos? 35:15 Jonathan's addendum on Swiatek's season so far 38:50 Electronic line calling is fallible after all! 45:15 Ackman at the Newport Casino as we enter a new and dark Gilded Age  52:20 Sally Jenkins says what fans have been saying for years: fire McEnroe  58:20 Last notes from London

Iga Świątek has added a Wimbledon title to her resume. What was so special about the Pole's grass-court game this fortnight? We almost got an Iga & Carlos double with Alcaraz losing to Sinner for the first time since 2023.Follow us on Spotify or Apple Podcasts as well. Download the TennisONE APP for scores, stats, news, videos, player content, fan contests, and more (https://t1.app.link/Vansh)

Tatiana Golovin's pro tennis trajectory was similar to The Flight of Icarus, she flew to just outside of the top 10, in 2006 reached the quarters of The US Open, and then retired abruptly due to a debilitating back condition, but that was just the end of the story. Tatiana has lived an incredible life in tennis. Born in Russia, raised in France- she was a Bolletierri kid and came up there with Sharapova, and we talked about her time there with Nick. She turned pro super young, and she told incredible stories of being coached by Brad Gilbert back in his coaching heyday. We discussed player burnout and social media, we talked about Sabalenka and Anisimova and Andreeva and Iga. We discussed how and why many Russians find their way to France. We loved every second of our chat with Tatiana in the Media Lounge at the AELTC and we hope you enjoy it. Recorded 7.7 Released 7.13 The Craig Shapiro Tennis Podcast is Powered By The Golden TicketJoin our US Open kickoff events, ACADEMY DAY NYC and MONEY DINGLES and THE PLAYER PARTY Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Single Sign On (SSO) and Multi Factor Authentication (MFA) is critical to secure operations for companies of all sizes. Why is the foundation of cybersecurity still locked behind enterprise licensing? Single Sign-On (SSO) and Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) are essential—not optional—for protecting modern businesses. But today, these critical tools are overpriced, overcomplicated, and reserved for companies that can afford to overpay and have full-time security teams. That's broken. Cubeless is tearing down the barriers. With Cubeless Verify, we're delivering SSO and MFA that anyone can use—no IT army required. No hidden fees. No contracts. No catch. Just enterprise-grade security made simple, and free forever. The gatekeepers had their turn. Now it's yours. Go to https://securityweekly.com/cubelessidv to start using Cubeless Identity today. As AI agents move beyond experiments to becoming critical internal and market-facing enterprise products, secure, scalable identity infrastructure becomes essential to achieve market-readiness. A lack of identity standards tailored specifically for AI agents, is creating a roadblock for developers. Existing infrastructure was not designed with autonomous agents in mind. How will identity standards need to evolve in order to meet the needs of an agent driven ecosystem? https://frontegg.com/product/frontegg-ai This segment is sponsored by Frontegg. Visit https://securityweekly.com/fronteggidv to learn more about them! Traditional IGA tools struggle to deliver full observability—and stall when it's time to take action. Axonius Identities is changing that—bringing actionability to identity governance by embedding it into the broader cyber asset platform. In this session, CEO of AxoniusX, Amir Ofek shares how Axonius is modernizing IGA with real-time enforcement, unified asset-to-identity context, and a radically different approach to controlling access across dynamic environments. https://www.axonius.com/products/identities Axonius Blog: From Roles to Rules – An Access Paradigm Shift: https://www.axonius.com/blog/from-roles-to-rules Axonius Cybersecurity Asset Management Platform Overview: https://www.axonius.com/platform See how Axonius makes identity actionable. Visit https://securityweekly.com/axoniusidv. As enterprises are looking to rapidly deploy AI agents to drive innovation, they face an urgent need to secure this new "digital workforce" without hindering speed. Traditional security models weren't built for the unique identity and access demands of autonomous AI. This session will cut through the hype, address the real security concerns head-on, and outline a modern, cloud-native framework for managing privileged access for AI agents, ensuring your organization can innovate fast and stay secure. https://www.britive.com/use-cases/agentic-ai-security https://www.britive.com/resource/events/zero-standing-privileges-human-ai-nhi https://www.britive.com/resource/blog/agentic-ai-redefining-identity-security-cloud https://www.britive.com/resource/blog/owasp-vulnerabilities-llm-goes-rogue-navigating-corporate-chaos https://www.britive.com/resource/blog/agent-to-agent-access-security https://www.britive.com/resource/blog/genai-data-privacy-ip-protection https://www.britive.com/resource/blog/rethinking-nhi-cloud-security-strategies This segment is sponsored by Britive. Visit https://securityweekly.com/britiveidv to learn more about Britive's agentless cloud-native Privileged Access Management platform. As digital transformation accelerates and advanced threats evolve, industries of all kinds face rising pressure to secure identities, prevent fraud, and deliver seamless user experiences. Aware CEO Ajay Amlani shares how biometric technology is stepping up to meet these challenges—providing fast, accurate, and scalable solutions that strengthen security while reducing friction. Discover how biometrics is reshaping the identity landscape and enabling trust in an increasingly complex world. https://www.aware.com/blog/ This segment is sponsored by Aware. Visit https://securityweekly.com/awareidv to learn more about them! As threat landscapes grow more complex and stakeholder expectations rise, organizations must reimagine their approach to cyber resilience and trust. This interview will explore how artificial intelligence is transforming cybersecurity—from identifying vulnerabilities in real time to automating response and aligning security initiatives with broader business goals. Join us for a forward-looking discussion on what it means to lead with AI, earn digital trust, and create a resilient enterprise that's built to withstand tomorrow's threats. This segment is sponsored by SDG. Visit https://securityweekly.com/sdgidv to learn more about them! Visit https://www.securityweekly.com/esw for all the latest episodes! Show Notes: https://securityweekly.com/esw-414

The Body Serve lands in London for the very first time! For our Wimbledon preview, we'll take you through some news from qualifying, discuss the players who rallied in the last week before Wimbledon, and outline the top stories of the draw. How long will the Alcaraz-Sinner duopoly last? Is Aryna the favorite or will a grass court demon snatch the title? Will Marketa send the draws crashing down? Will Fritz beat that guy for the 6th consecutive time?  2:55 Qualifying news: Canadian Branstine stuck playing #1s everywhere she goes 5:55 Major stories: the Sinner-Alcaraz chokehold and at least a dozen contenders for the women's title 10:30 This week's results: Peggy, Iga, Eala, Fritz and more 14:45 Men's draw offers Djokovic a chance, throws Draper a curve ball 25:50 Women's draw preview: Sabalenka's rough go 

Since we published our previous episode, Sony not only announced it was having a State of Play event, but that event has already happened. Thus, we have much to discuss throughout this lengthy episode, an unexpected surprise for the PlayStation faithful. In short, the most recent State of Play was a great showcase of nearly 30 upcoming PlayStation 5 games, with some PS4 and PSVR2 mixed in there, too. And -- for those that care -- more than a half-dozen of the games are PS5 console exclusive, nipping that entire argument in the bud. In the realm of Sony second party, we've learned about a Marvel-themed fighting game from Arc System Works called Marvel Tokon: Fighting Souls, while Tecmo Koei's Team Ninja is hard at work on Nioh 3. Elsewhere, we were given the first glimpse at IO Interactive's long-in-development James Bond game called First Light, a brand-new Lumines offering from the creators of Tetris Effect, the return of Capcom's seemingly-beleaguered Pragmata, something fresh from Grasshopper Manufacture called Romeo Is A Dead Man, a late-September release date for Silent Hill F, our first look at the sequel to Iga's Bloodstained, and -- yes indeed! -- confirmation of Final Fantasy Tactics coming to PlayStation in just a few months in the form of The Ivalice Chronicles. "No games?" Maybe if you don't like or play video games, perhaps. Other news this week includes our first look at Witcher 4 via a controversial UE5 tech demo, rumors of a native PS5 port for Red Dead Redemption 2, and more. Then: Listener inquiries! Should 'game length' be considered a spoiler? How do we feel about pinball video games? Do we ever mess with the PSN's 'activity cards' while playing? Is Dustin poised to elope with Brad?Please keep in mind that our timestamps are approximate, and will often be slightly off due to dynamic ad placement. Timestamps:  0:00:00 - Intro0:26:17 - Habroxia Special Edition0:36:59 - Too much to play0:42:31 - Look or talk like Jar Jar?0:44:49 - This week's “situation”0:51:21 - MLMs0:57:49 - State of Play overall thoughts1:10:07 - Lumines Arise1:14:44 - Pragmata1:21:10 - Romeo Is a Dead Man1:28:46 - Silent Hill F1:34:33 - Bloodstained: The Scarlet Engagement1:40:12 - Digimon Story Time Stranger1:45:17 - Final Fantasy Tactics: The Ivalice Chronicles1:57:37 - Babysteps2:02:06 - Herogami2:04:37 - Everybody's Golf Hot Shots2:10:32 - Ninja Gaiden Ragebound2:14:08 - Cairn2:17:55 - Mortal Kombat Legacy Collection2:25:34 - Playstation Fight Stick (Project Defiant)2:35:44 - Metal Gear Solid Delta2:37:48 - Nioh 32:43:17 - Thief VR2:47:48 - Tides of Tomorrow2:50:49 - Astrobot update2:57:47 - Sea of Remnants3:00:46 - Sword of the Sea3:04:57 - FBC: Firebreak3:08:39 - Deus Ex on PS Plus Premium3:11:43 - Twisted Metal 3 and 4 on PS Plus Premium3:14:22 - Resident Evil 2 and 3 on PS Plus Premium3:16:07 - 007 First Light3:27:37 - Ghost of Yotei3:28:48 - Marvel Tokon Fighting Souls3:39:11 - Apple Pay on PS53:39:43 - Witcher 4 UE5 tech demo3:48:01 - People Can Fly cancels two games3:49:22 - Red Dead Redemption 2 PS5 port3:51:06 - MindsEye executives leave3:54:56 - Shift Up's Project Spirits3:58:54 - MediEvil and Tenacious D's canceled movie4:04:17 - Elden Ring Nightrein's success and PSN charts4:09:43 - What Are We Playing (Clair Obscur: Expedition 33, Borderlands 2, Dead Island 2)4:25:37 - Is game length a spoiler?4:28:47 - Pinball video games4:33:54 - PlayStation activity cards4:37:54 - AI making games4:42:40 - New console reviews4:48:02 - Fixing inverted controls for a kid Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices