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Professor Shimon Schocken spoke with us about teaching computer science from NAND logic gates to arithmetic units, micro assembly, virtual machines, compilers, operating systems, and the Tetris games. We also talk about good design, good interfaces, and good tests. Shimon's book is Elements of Computing Systems and the website with the course lecture notes, slides, videos, simulators, and everything you need is nand2tetris.org. Shimon mentioned his work with teaching math, that is www.matific.com. You can find out more about Shimon's other projects on his site shimonschocken.com (including his fascinating TED talk: The self-organizing computer course). Shimon's co-author is Noam Nisan who also wrote about understanding logic systems (look, anytime we can bring up Gödel's incompleteness theorems, we will). We talked about Tim Bell's CS Unplugged, teaching computer science concepts without a computer. It comes in Classic and Modern flavors. Transcript Memfault is a leading embedded device observability platform that empowers teams to build better IoT products, faster. Its off-the-shelf solution is specifically designed for bandwidth-constrained devices, offering device performance and product analytics, debugging, and over-the-air capabilities. Trusted by leading brands such as Bose, Lyft, Logitech, Panasonic, and Augury, Memfault improves the reliability of devices across consumer electronics and mission-critical industries such as access control, point of sale, energy, and healthcare. To learn more, visit memfault.com.
Nathan Jones chatted with us about his proposal for a computer architecture book based on a 4-bit computer. Nathan found the 4-bit computer in the Hackaday SuperCon 2022 badge and was amazed by some of the ideas that folks implemented (see SuperCon Badge Hacking Awards Ceremony). Nathan spoke at Hackaday SuperCon 2023 on the processor architecture, highlighting some of his ideas for a book. If you'd like to try your hand at the badge, find it on Nathan's Voja4 Tindie page. Nathan also spoke recently at the Embedded Online Conference (Building a Simple CLI, OOP in C, and The Power of a Look-up Table) and the Teardown Conference (Making Your Own MCU Boards and Building a Simple CLI). If you have an idea you'd like to propose, check out O'Reilly's proposal for a book or class. While you may not go with them, the proposal is a good place to get all of your ideas down. We mentioned a few other computer architecture books as competitors for Nathan's proposed book: Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach by John L. Hennessy and David A. Patterson Introduction to Computing Systems: From bits & gates to C & beyond by Yale N. Patt and Sanjay J. Patel The Elements of Computing Systems, by Noam Nisan and Shimon Schocken (MIT Press) with supporting material and simulator on nand2tetris. Nathan also did a survey of the Embedded Slack community. You can gain access by becoming a Patreon or Kofi supporter. Transcript
In this week's episode, Anna (https://twitter.com/annarrose) and Tarun (https://twitter.com/tarunchitra) chat with Noam Nisan (https://twitter.com/noamnisan), Professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem (https://www.cs.huji.ac.il/~noam/), Principle Researcher at StarkWare Industries (https://starkware.co) and one of the pioneers in the field of Algorithmic Game Theory. They cover his extensive research and academic background, starting with his work on complexity theory as well as Algorithmic Game Theory and his current work on blockchains and Tokenomics at StarkWare. They discuss his recent blog post; Simple Tokenomics for a Proof-of-Stake Utility Token (https://starkware.co/resource/simple-tokenomics-for-a-proof-of-stake-utility-token/), comparing the measurable Tokenomic outcomes of different live PoS systems and explore how Noam aimed to better communicate best practices for those designing these systems, plus much more. Here's some additional links for this episode: Simple Tokenomics for a Proof-of-Stake Utility Token by Noam Nisan (https://starkware.co/resource/simple-tokenomics-for-a-proof-of-stake-utility-token/) Algorithmic Game Theory by Nisan, Roughgarden, Tardos and Vasirani (https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~sandholm/cs15-892F13/algorithmic-game-theory.pdf) The Elements of Computing Systems by Nisan and Schocken (https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262539807/the-elements-of-computing-systems/) Game Theory, Alive by Karlin and Peres (https://yuvalperes.com/game-theory-alive/) Algorithmic VS Mechanism Design (https://mbraverm.princeton.edu/research/mech-design/#:~:text=Algorithmic%20mechanism%20design%20specifically%20studies,study%20algorithmic%20mechanism%20design%20now) The Federmann Center for the Study of Rationality at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem (https://ratio.huji.ac.il/) Combinatorial agency by Babaioff, Feldman, Nisan and Winter (https://www.cs.tau.ac.il/~mfeldman/papers/BFNWj12.pdf) Noam Nisan Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=zXQZPnMAAAAJ&hl=en) Applications to attend zkSummit11 are now open, head over to the zkSummit website (https://www.zksummit.com/) to apply now. The event will be held on 10 April in Athens, Greece. Aleo (http://aleo.org/) is a new Layer-1 blockchain that achieves the programmability of Ethereum, the privacy of Zcash, and the scalability of a rollup. As Aleo is gearing up for their mainnet launch in Q1, this is an invitation to be part of a transformational ZK journey. Dive deeper and discover more about Aleo at http://aleo.org/ (http://aleo.org/) If you like what we do: * Find all our links here! @ZeroKnowledge | Linktree (https://linktr.ee/zeroknowledge) * Subscribe to our podcast newsletter (https://zeroknowledge.substack.com) * Follow us on Twitter @zeroknowledgefm (https://twitter.com/zeroknowledgefm) * Join us on Telegram (https://zeroknowledge.fm/telegram) * Catch us on YouTube (https://zeroknowledge.fm/)
Melanie Plageman, a PostgreSQL hacker working at Microsoft, and Thomas Munro, PostgreSQL developer and committer also as Microsoft talk with co-hosts Claire Giordano and Pino de Candia. They talk through all the different ways they got started as developers. Does making your first patch to Postgres get you hooked for a lifetime? Do you have to be a tinkerer to be a good software engineer? What is the “toothbrush test”—and how do you make your avocation be your vocation? We hear stories about dropping out of school or dropped out of career fields before they found their true passions in development and Postgres. Some of the links mentioned in the order they were said: Parallelism in PostgreSQL 15: Thomas' Citus Con talk Additional IO Observability in Postgres with pg_stat_io: Melanie's Citus Con talk Visualizing PostgreSQL I/O Performance for Development: Melanie's talk at PGCon 2023Add pg_stat_io view, providing more detailed IO statistics, committed by Melanie Plageman in PG 16 Neil deGrasse Tyson's podcast StarTalk From Nand to Tetris by Noam Nisan and Shimon Schocken Sinclair ZX81 All Things Open conference PostgreSQL BuildFarm Queues in PostgreSQL: Thomas' 2022 talk
When most people hear “crypto,” the first thing they think of is “currencies.” Cryptocurrencies have skyrocketed in popularity over the past few years. And they've given rise to an entire ecosystem of financial speculation, get rich quick schemes, and in some cases outright fraud.But there's another side of crypto that gets less attention: the segment of the community that is interested in the way the technology that powers crypto can decentralize decision making, make institutions more transparent and transform the way organizations are governed. That's the side I find far more interesting.There are few individuals as central to that latter segment of crypto as Vitalik Buterin. When he was still just a teenager, Buterin co-founded Ethereum, a decentralized platform whose token Ether is the second most valuable cryptocurrency today, surpassed only by Bitcoin. But the vision behind Ethereum was that the blockchain technology could be used for more than digital money; it could create a sort of digital infrastructure on top of which organizations and companies and applications could be built — ostensibly free of centralizing structures like banks and governments.Over the last decade, Buterin has become arguably the core public intellectual on the nonfinancial side of crypto. His new book, “Proof of Stake,” is a collection of long, thoughtful essays that taken together lay out a vision of crypto as a truly transformative technology — one with the potential to revolutionize everything from city governance to voting systems to online identity.I myself have dueling impulses about Buterin's vision. On the one hand, I believe many of our governing systems and institutions are badly in need of the kind of reimagining he is engaged in. On the other hand, I'm deeply skeptical of whether the issues Buterin and his ilk are focused on are actually technological problems that blockchains can solve. So this is a conversation that sits squarely within that tension.Mentioned:Seeing Like a State by James C. ScottBook recommendations:The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich by William L. ShirerHarry Potter and The Methods of Rationality by Eliezer YudkowskyAlgorithmic Game Theory by Noam Nisan, Tim Roughgarden, Eva Tardos and Vijay V. VaziraniThoughts? Guest suggestions? Email us at ezrakleinshow@nytimes.com.You can find transcripts (posted midday) and more episodes of “The Ezra Klein Show” at nytimes.com/ezra-klein-podcast, and you can find Ezra on Twitter @ezraklein. Book recommendations from all our guests are listed at https://www.nytimes.com/article/ezra-klein-show-book-recs.“The Ezra Klein Show” is produced by Annie Galvin and Rogé Karma. Fact-checking by Michelle Harris, Mary Marge Locker and Kate Sinclair. Original music by Isaac Jones. Mixing by Sonia Herrero, Isaac Jones and Carole Sabouraud. Audience strategy by Shannon Busta. Special thanks to Kristin Lin, Kristina Samulewski, Will Wilkinson, Alex Tabarrok, Glen Weyl and Nathan Schneider.
03:08 - What’s Up with Aaron Patterson? Twitter GitHub Blog Red Hat
03:08 - What’s Up with Aaron Patterson? Twitter GitHub Blog Red Hat
03:08 - What’s Up with Aaron Patterson? Twitter GitHub Blog Red Hat
Shimon Schocken e Noam Nisan desenvolveram um currículo para seus alunos construírem um computador, peça por peça. Quando eles puseram o curso online – dando ferramentas, simuladores, especificações de chips e outros blocos de construção – eles ficaram surpresos que milhares de pessoas aproveitaram a oportunidade para aprender, trabalhando independentemente, bem como organizando suas próprias aulas no primeiro Curso Online Completo Aberto – Massive Open Online Course (MOOCs). Um aviso para esquecer sobre pontuações e aproveitar a auto motivação para aprender.
Shimon Schocken et Noam Nisan ont développé un cours pour permettre à leurs étudiants de construire un ordinateur morceau par morceau. Lorsqu'ils ont mis ce cours en ligne -- donnant gratuitement les outils, simulateurs, spécifications concernant les puces et autres modules de construction -- ils ont été surpris de constater que des milliers de personnes sautaient sur l'opportunité d'apprendre, travaillant aussi bien indépendamment qu'en organisant leurs propres classes sur le premier modèle de cours en ligne ouverts et massifs (MOOCs). Son discours est un véritable appel incitant à oublier les notes et à utiliser la motivation personnelle pour apprendre.
Shimon Schocken und Noam Nisan entwickelten einen Lehrplan, durch den ihre Studenten einen Computer bauen konnten, Stück für Stück. Als sie den Kurs im Internet einstellten -- und damit Tools, Simulatoren, Chip-Spezifikationen und andere Bausteine frei zur Verfügung stellten, waren sie erstaunt, dass tausende von Menschen die Gelegenheit zum Lernen ergriffen und entweder alleine arbeiteten oder im ersten Massive Open Online Course (MOOCs) eigene Kurse organisierten. Ein Aufruf, die Noten zu vergessen und sich Zugang zur Selbstmotivation des Lernens zu verschaffen.
Shimon Schocken y Noam Nisan desarrollaron un plan de estudios para que sus estudiantes construyeran una computadora, pieza a pieza. Cuando pusieron el curso en línea —ofreciendo herramientas, simuladores, especificaciones de chips y otros bloques de construcción— se sorprendieron al ver la avalancha de miles de personas dispuestas a no dejar pasar la oportunidad de aprender, trabajar en forma independiente, así como de organizar sus propias clases en el primer MOOC (sigla en inglés de Massive Open Online Course). Invita a olvidarse de las calificaciones y a aprovechar la automotivación para aprender.
Shimon Schocken and Noam Nisan developed a curriculum for their students to build a computer, piece by piece. When they put the course online -- giving away the tools, simulators, chip specifications and other building blocks -- they were surprised that thousands jumped at the opportunity to learn, working independently as well as organizing their own classes in the first Massive Open Online Course (MOOC). A call to forget about grades and tap into the self-motivation to learn.