Podcasts about PostgreSQL

Nikolay and Michael are joined by Gwen Shapira to discuss multi-tenant architectures — the high level options, the pros and cons of each, and how they're trying to help with Nile. Here are some links to things they mentioned:Gwen Shapira https://postgres.fm/people/gwen-shapiraNile https://www.thenile.devSaaS Tenant Isolation Strategies (AWS whitepaper) https://docs.aws.amazon.com/whitepapers/latest/saas-tenant-isolation-strategies/saas-tenant-isolation-strategies.html Row Level Security https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/ddl-rowsecurity.htmlCitus https://github.com/citusdata/citusPostgres.AI Bot https://postgres.ai/blog/20240127-postgres-ai-bot RLS Performance and Best Practices https://supabase.com/docs/guides/troubleshooting/rls-performance-and-best-practices-Z5JjwvCase Gwen mentioned about the planner thinking an optimisation was unsafe Re-engineering Postgres for Millions of Tenants (Gwen's recent talk at PGConf.dev) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EfAStGb4s88 Multi-tenant database the good, the bad, the ugly (talk by Pierre Ducroquet at PgDay Paris) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4uxuPfSvTGU ~~~What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc!~~~Postgres FM is produced by:Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustardNikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.aiWith special thanks to:Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork 

What drives someone to publish 600+ issues of a Postgres newsletter for over a decade? In Episode 28 of Talking Postgres with Claire Giordano, Peter Cooper—creator of Postgres Weekly—shares how his days of rustic programming and QBASIC fanzines on Usenet led to a newsletter empire that now reaches nearly half a million developers each week. We dig into the BBC's "big tent" editorial influence, an accidental business model that just worked, and the perils of "temporary" hacks. Plus: spam filters, a Photoshop addiction, and one very cheesy story (dairy-free).Links mentioned in this episode:Newsletter: Postgres WeeklyCooperpress: List of newslettersNewsletter: Latest issue of Postgres Weekly on Jun 19, 2025Newsletter: Postgres Weekly issue with horrible graphicNewsletter: Very first issue of Postgres Weekly on Mar 13, 2013Newsletter: Ruby Weekly, the first Cooperpress newsletterBook: Beginning Ruby Third Edition, by Peter CooperPodcast episode: How I got started as a developer (& in Postgres) with David RowleyFeed reader: FeedbinGitHub repo: feedbin/feedbinFeed reader: FeederEmail testing software: LitmusGitHub repo: MGML markup language for emailPaper: The Design of PostgresGitHub repo: PGRX for building Postgres extensions in RustPodcast news: Podnews.net for daily briefings about podcastsWikipedia page: BBC MicroWikipedia page: ZX SpectrumCal invite: LIVE recording of Ep29 of Talking Postgres to happen on Wed Jul 9, 2025

Nikolay and Michael discuss looking at queries by mean time — when it makes sense, why ordering by a percentile (like p99) might be better, and the merits of approximating percentiles in pg_stat_statements using the standard deviation column. Here are some links to things they mentioned:Approximate the p99 of a query with pg_stat_statements (blog post by Michael) https://www.pgmustard.com/blog/approximate-the-p99-of-a-query-with-pgstatstatementspg_stat_statements https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/pgstatstatements.html Our episode about track_planning https://postgres.fm/episodes/pg-stat-statements-track-planning pg_stat_monitor https://github.com/percona/pg_stat_monitorstatement_timeout https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-client.html#GUC-STATEMENT-TIMEOUT~~~What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc!~~~Postgres FM is produced by:Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustardNikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.aiWith credit to:Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork

In today's episode, I talk to Adam Hendel, the founding engineer of Tembo, about their project, PGMQ, and how it came to be. We discuss the design decisions behind job queues, interfacing from Rust to Postgres, and the engineering decisions that went into building the extension.

Tänases episoodis on külas Indrek Ots, kogenud tarkvarainsener, kes jagas möödunud Digit konverentsil oma teadmisi PostgreSQL teemal. Episoodis räägime, miks PostgreSQL toimimist peaks iga arendaja mõistma. Vestleme, miks SELECT-päring võib rakenduse seisma panna, kuidas transaktsioonid päriselt töötavad, miks Springi vaikimisi seadistus võib olla probleemiks ja kuidas PostgreSQL-i vacuum protsess baasi jõudlust mõjutada võib. Lisaks puudutame mikroteenuste ja asünkroonsete süsteemidega kaasnevaid väljakutseid andmebaaside vaates.

In part two of our Microsoft Build special, the trio continues exploring updates. They dig into the Azure AI Foundry Agent Service and local deployment options, and take a look at the new Digital Twin builder in Microsoft Fabric.SQL Server 2025 brings some notable features like native support for open formats and improvements vector functions, change event streaming and a new edition out there. Fabric mirroring also expands support to older SQL Server versions and PostgreSQL.And on the security side, Microsoft Purview gets smarter for AI scenarios, but it's the new Entra Agent ID that really stands out. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Nikolay and Michael discuss logging in Postgres — mostly what to log, and why changing quite a few settings can pay off big time in the long term. Here are some links to things they mentioned:What to log https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHATOur episode about Auditing https://postgres.fm/episodes/auditing Our episode on auto_explain https://postgres.fm/episodes/auto_explain Here are the parameters they mentioned changing:log_checkpointslog_autovacuum_min_duration log_statementlog_connections and log_disconnectionslog_lock_waitslog_temp_fileslog_min_duration_statement log_min_duration_sample and log_statement_sample_rate And finally, some very useful tools they meant to mention but forgot to!   https://pgpedia.infohttps://postgresqlco.nfhttps://why-upgrade.depesz.com/show?from=16.9&to=17.5 ~~~What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc!~~~Postgres FM is produced by:Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustardNikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.aiWith credit to:Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork

Nikolay and Michael discuss moving off managed services — when and why you might want to, and some tips on how for very large databases. Here are some links to things they mentioned:Patroni https://github.com/patroni/patronipgBackRest https://github.com/pgbackrest/pgbackrestWAL-G https://github.com/wal-g/wal-gHetzner Cloud https://www.hetzner.com/cloudPostgres Extensions Day https://pgext.daypg_wait_sampling https://github.com/postgrespro/pg_wait_samplingpg_stat_kcache https://github.com/powa-team/pg_stat_kcacheauto_explain https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/auto-explain.htmlFivetran https://www.fivetran.compgcopydb https://github.com/dimitri/pgcopydbKafka https://kafka.apache.orgDebezium https://debezium.iomax_slot_wal_keep_size https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-replication.html#GUC-MAX-SLOT-WAL-KEEP-SIZElog_statement DDL https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-logging.html#GUC-LOG-STATEMENTPgBouncer pause/resume https://www.pgbouncer.org/usage.html#pause-db~~~What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc!~~~Postgres FM is produced by:Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustardNikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.aiWith credit to:Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork

In this episode of Remote Ruby, Chris and Andrew catch up on recent travels and food experiences, including the best Philly cheesesteaks they've ever had. The conversation shifts towards development topics, particularly testing challenges and solutions in Ruby on Rails, featuring discussions about emoji pickers, asset pipelines, and the prawn library. Chris shares updates on acquiring an old Rails app, One Month, and future plans for this project. They also explore various development hiccups and solutions, including using libraries for faster system tests and streamlining asset pipelines. The episode wraps up with insights into new tools like an official Postgres extension for VS Code and plans for future video content on their platform.LinksJudoscale- Remote Ruby listener giftOne MonthRunning Rails System Tests With Playwright Instead of Selenium by Justin SearlsAnnouncing a new IDE for PostgreSQL in VS Code from MicrosoftLou Malnati's Pizzeria Chris Oliver X/Twitter Andrew Mason X/Twitter Jason Charnes X/Twitter

Nikolay and Michael discuss heavyweight locks in Postgres — how to think about them, why you can't avoid them, and some tips for minimising issues. Here are some links to things they mentioned:Locking (docs) https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/explicit-locking.htmlPostgres rocks, except when it blocks (blog post by Marco Slot) https://www.citusdata.com/blog/2018/02/15/when-postgresql-blocks/Lock Conflicts (tool by Hussein Nasser) https://pglocks.org/log_lock_waits (docs) https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-logging.html#GUC-LOG-LOCK-WAITSHow to analyze heavyweight lock trees (guide by Nikolay) https://gitlab.com/postgres-ai/postgresql-consulting/postgres-howtos/-/blob/main/0042_how_to_analyze_heavyweight_locks_part_2.mdLock management (docs) https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-locks.htmlOur episode on zero-downtime migrations https://postgres.fm/episodes/zero-downtime-migrations~~~What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc!~~~Postgres FM is produced by:Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustardNikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.aiWith credit to:Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork

Highlights from this week's conversation include:Pranav's Background and Journey in Data (1:10)Backstory of Mooncake Labs (2:05)PostgreSQL as a Force (4:47)Curiosity in Product Management (7:33)Challenges with Iceberg (11:12)Go-to-Market Strategy (13:52)Building Community Engagement (15:56)Importance of Feedback (18:26)AI Integration in Mooncake Labs (21:29)Innovation in data interaction (23:49)PostgreSQL and startup growth (28:41)Core component of business strategy (31:20)The Origin of the name Mooncake Labs (34:12)Upcoming Product Release (38:40)Connecting with Mooncake Labs and Parting Thoughts (42:49)The Data Stack Show is a weekly podcast powered by RudderStack, the CDP for developers. Each week we'll talk to data engineers, analysts, and data scientists about their experience around building and maintaining data infrastructure, delivering data and data products, and driving better outcomes across their businesses with data.RudderStack helps businesses make the most out of their customer data while ensuring data privacy and security. To learn more about RudderStack visit rudderstack.com.

PostgreSQL is an open-source database known for its robustness, extensibility, and compliance with SQL standards. Its ability to handle complex queries and maintain high data integrity has made it a top choice for both start-ups and large enterprises. Heikki Linnakangas is a leading developer for the PostgreSQL project, and he's a co-founder at Neon, which The post Building PostgreSQL for the Future with Heikki Linnakangas appeared first on Software Engineering Daily.

PostgreSQL is an open-source database known for its robustness, extensibility, and compliance with SQL standards. Its ability to handle complex queries and maintain high data integrity has made it a top choice for both start-ups and large enterprises. Heikki Linnakangas is a leading developer for the PostgreSQL project, and he’s a co-founder at Neon, which The post Building PostgreSQL for the Future with Heikki Linnakangas appeared first on Software Engineering Daily.

With NixOS 25.05 around the corner, we sit down with a release manager to unpack what's new, what's changing, and what's finally getting easier. Spoiler: it's not just the tooling.Sponsored By:Tailscale: Tailscale is a programmable networking software that is private and secure by default - get it free on up to 100 devices! 1Password Extended Access Management: 1Password Extended Access Management is a device trust solution for companies with Okta, and they ensure that if a device isn't trusted and secure, it can't log into your cloud apps. Support LINUX UnpluggedLinks:

We all talk about #AI, but what good is it if your models are powered by stale, outdated data?In Episode 99 of Great Things with Great Tech, Deepti Srivastava, founder and CEO of Snow Leopard, and former founding PM of Google Spanner, calls out the broken state of enterprise AI. With decades of experience in distributed systems and data infrastructure, Deepti unveils how Snow Leopard is redefining how AI applications are built, by tapping into live, real-time data from SQL and APIs without the need for ETL or pipelines.Instead of relying on static snapshots or disconnected data lakes, Snow Leopard's #agentic platform queries native sources like PostgreSQL, Snowflake, and Salesforce on-demand, empowering AI to live directly in the critical decision path.In This Episode, We Cover:Deepti's journey from building Spanner at Google to founding Snow Leopard AI.Why most enterprise AI fails due to reliance on stale data and outdated pipelines. How Snow Leopard federates live data across SQL and APIs with zero ETL.The limitations of vector databases in structured, real-time business use cases.Why putting AI in the critical path of business decisions unlocks real value.Snow Leopard is a U.S.-based technology company founded in 2023 by and is Headquartered in San Francisco, CaliforniaSnow Leopard specializes in building a platform that enables the development of production-ready AI applications by leveraging live business data. The company's approach focuses on real-time data retrieval directly from sources like SQL databases and APIs, eliminating the need for traditional ETL processes and data pipelines. This innovation allows for more accurate and timely AI-driven business decision.PODCAST LINKSGreat Things with Great Tech Podcast: https://gtwgt.comGTwGT Playlist on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@GTwGTPodcastListen on Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5Y1Fgl4DgGpFd5Z4dHulVXListen on Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/great-things-with-great-tech-podcast/id1519439787EPISODE LINKSSnow Leopard Web: https://www.snowleopard.ai/Deepti Srivastava on LinkedIn:https://www.linkedin.com/in/thedeepti/Snow Leopard on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/snow-leopard-ai/GTwGT LINKSSupport the Channel: https://ko-fi.com/gtwgtBe on #GTwGT: Contact via Twitter/X @GTwGTPodcast or visit https://www.gtwgt.comSubscribe to YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@GTwGTPodcast?sub_confirmation=1Great Things with Great Tech Podcast Website: https://gtwgt.comSOCIAL LINKSFollow GTwGT on Social Media:Twitter/X: https://twitter.com/GTwGTPodcastInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/GTwGTPodcastTikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@GTwGTPodcast

Nikolay and Michael discuss ten dangerous Postgres related issues — ones that might be painful enough to get onto the CTO and even CEOs desk, and then what you can do proactively. The ten issues discussed are:Heavy lock contentionBloat control and index maintenance  Lightweight lock contentionTransaction ID wraparound4-byte integer PKs hitting the limitReplication limitsHard limitsData lossPoor HA choice (split brain)Corruption of various kindsSome previous episodes they mentioned that cover the issues in more detail: PgDog https://postgres.fm/episodes/pgdogPerformance cliffs https://postgres.fm/episodes/performance-cliffsZero-downtime migrations https://postgres.fm/episodes/zero-downtime-migrations Queues in Postgres https://postgres.fm/episodes/queues-in-postgresBloat https://postgres.fm/episodes/bloatIndex maintenance https://postgres.fm/episodes/index-maintenanceSubtransactions https://postgres.fm/episodes/subtransactionsFour million TPS https://postgres.fm/episodes/four-million-tpsTransaction ID wraparound https://postgres.fm/episodes/transaction-id-wraparoundpg_squeeze https://postgres.fm/episodes/pg_squeeze synchronous_commit https://postgres.fm/episodes/synchronous_commitManaged service support https://postgres.fm/episodes/managed-service-support And finally, some other things they mentioned: A great recent SQL Server-related podcast episode on tuning techniques https://kendralittle.com/2024/05/20/erik-darling-and-kendra-little-rate-sql-server-performance-tuning-techniques/Postgres Indexes, Partitioning and LWLock:LockManager Scalability (blog post by Jeremy Schneider) https://ardentperf.com/2024/03/03/postgres-indexes-partitioning-and-lwlocklockmanager-scalability/Do you vacuum everyday? (talk by Hannu Krosing) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JcRi8Z7rkPgpg_stat_wal https://pgpedia.info/p/pg_stat_wal.htmlThe benefit of lz4 and zstd for Postgres WAL compression (Small Datum blog, Mark Callaghan) https://smalldatum.blogspot.com/2022/05/the-benefit-of-lz4-and-zstd-for.htmlSplit-brain in case of network partition (CloudNativePG issue/discussion) https://github.com/cloudnative-pg/cloudnative-pg/discussions/7462 ~~~What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc!~~~Postgres FM is produced by:Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustardNikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.aiWith credit to:Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork

How does a trek to K2 base camp in the Himalayas spark the idea for a database company? In Episode 27 of Talking Postgres with Claire Giordano, guest Peter Farkas—CEO and co-founder of FerretDB—shares the origin story of this open source MongoDB alternative. (Spoiler: “Ferret” wasn't the original name). We dig into why Postgres was the obvious choice, what “true open source” means to Peter, and how FerretDB is now powered by the open source DocumentDB extension from Microsoft. Plus, why Hungarian Trappist cheese might deserve a footnote in database history. Links mentioned in this episode:GitHub: FerretDB/FerretDB repoBlog: FerretDB 2.0 GA: Open Source MongoDB alternative, ready for productionACM SIGMOD: The Design of Postgres, published 15 June 1986Postgres Weekly: Issue 591 featuring FerretDBGitHub: Microsoft/DocumentDB open source repoConference talk: From MongoDB to Postgres: Building an Open Standard for Document Databases at POSETTE 2025OSI Blog: The SSL is Not an Open Source LicenseRedMonk Blog: OSS: Two Steps Forward, One Step Back, by Stephen O'GradyTalking Postgres Ep18: How I got started as a developer (& in Postgres) with David RowleyOpenDocDB: initiative to define an open standardWikipedia: K2 (yes, the mountain)Go Blog: The Go Gopherxkcd: webcomic 927 on StandardsWikipedia: Trappista cheeseCal invite: LIVE recording of Ep28 of Talking Postgres to happen on Wed Jun 18, 2025 

Nikolay and Michael discuss synchronous_commit — what it means on single node setups, for synchronous replication setups, and the pros and cons of the different options for each. Here are some links to things they mentioned:synchronous_commit https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-wal.html#GUC-SYNCHRONOUS-COMMITsynchronous_commit history on pgPedia https://pgpedia.info/s/synchronous_commit.htmlPatroni's maximum_lag_on_failover setting https://patroni.readthedocs.io/en/master/replication_modes.html#asynchronous-mode-durabilitywal_writer_delay https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-wal.html#GUC-WAL-WRITER-DELAYSelective asynchronous commits in PostgreSQL - balancing durability and performance (blog post by Shayon Mukherjee) https://www.shayon.dev/post/2025/75/selective-asynchronous-commits-in-postgresql-balancing-durability-and-performance/Asynchronous Commit https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/wal-async-commit.htmlsynchronous_standby_names https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-replication.html#GUC-SYNCHRONOUS-STANDBY-NAMESJepson article about Amazon RDS multi-AZ clusters (by Kyle Kingsbury, aka "Aphyr”) https://jepsen.io/analyses/amazon-rds-for-postgresql-17.4~~~What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc!~~~Postgres FM is produced by:Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustardNikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.aiWith credit to:Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork

Nikolay and Michael discuss managed service support — some tips on how to handle cases that aren't going well, tips for requesting features, whether to factor in support when choosing service provider, and whether to use one at all. Here are some links to things they mentioned:YugabyteDB's new upgrade framework https://www.yugabyte.com/blog/postgresql-upgrade-frameworkEpisode on Blue-green deployments https://postgres.fm/episodes/blue-green-deploymentspg_createsubscriber https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/app-pgcreatesubscriber.html~~~What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc!~~~Postgres FM is produced by:Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustardNikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.aiWith credit to:Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork

In this episode, Dave Rubinstein interviews Heikki Linnakangas, co-founder of Neon, a company that provides Postgres solutions. They discuss: The factors that have contributed to adoption of PostgreSQLWhy PostgreSQL has leapfrogged over MySQL in popularityWhat to expect in PostgreSQL 18

В этом выпуске: отчёт с QCon про агентность агентов порвавших страницы в вашей базе данных и наблюдающих за вами из камер ваших старых телефонов. [00:05:29] Чему мы научились за неделю [00:09:50] pgext day [00:11:16] Протокол PostgreSQL v3.2 [00:22:13] Skip Scans в PostgreSQL 18 [00:28:13] Ворон 2.4 с тулченджером [00:40:30] Torn Write Detection and Protection [00:56:45]… Читать далее →

This new PostgreSQL 17 feature is game changer. They know can combine IOs when performing sequential scan. Grab my database coursehttps://courses.husseinnasser.com

Nikolay and Michael discuss time-series considerations for Postgres — including when it matters, some tips for avoiding issues, performance considerations, and more. Here are some links to things they mentioned:Time series data https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_seriesTimescaleDB https://github.com/timescale/timescaledb13 Tips to Improve PostgreSQL Insert Performance https://www.timescale.com/blog/13-tips-to-improve-postgresql-insert-performanceWhy we're leaving the cloud (37 Signals / Basecamp / David Heinemeier Hansson) https://world.hey.com/dhh/why-we-re-leaving-the-cloud-654b47e0UUID v7 and partitioning (“how to” by Nikolay) https://gitlab.com/postgres-ai/postgresql-consulting/postgres-howtos/-/blob/main/0065_uuid_v7_and_partitioning_timescaledb.mdpg_cron https://github.com/citusdata/pg_cronpg_partman https://github.com/pgpartman/pg_partmanOur episode on BRIN indexes https://postgres.fm/episodes/brin-indexesTutorial from Citus (Andres Freund and Marco Slot) including rollups https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ybz6zuXCPoIoT with PostgreSQL (talk by Chris Ellis) https://youtube.com/watch?v=KnUoDBGv4aw&t=58pg_timeseries https://github.com/tembo-io/pg_timeseriesDuckDB https://duckdb.org~~~What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc!~~~Postgres FM is produced by:Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustardNikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.aiWith credit to:Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork

News includes a new Elixir case study about Cyanview's camera shading technology used at major events like the Olympics and Super Bowl, Oban Pro 1.6 with 20x faster queue partitioning, the openid_connect package reaching version 1.0, Supabase's new Postgres Language Server for developer tooling, and ElixirEvents.net as a community resource. Plus, we interview Michael Lubas, founder of Paraxial.io, about web application security in Elixir, what's involved in a security audit, and how his Elixir-focused security company is helping teams and businesses in the community. Show Notes online - http://podcast.thinkingelixir.com/248 (http://podcast.thinkingelixir.com/248) Elixir Community News https://elixir-lang.org/blog/2025/03/25/cyanview-elixir-case/ (https://elixir-lang.org/blog/2025/03/25/cyanview-elixir-case/?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – New Elixir case study about Cyanview, a Belgian company whose Remote Control Panel for camera shading is used at major events like the Olympics and Super Bowl. Their Elixir-powered solution enables remote camera control across challenging network conditions. https://oban.pro/docs/pro/1.6.0-rc.1/changelog.html (https://oban.pro/docs/pro/1.6.0-rc.1/changelog.html?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Oban Pro 1.6 released with subworkflows, improved queue partitioning (20x faster), and a new guide explaining different job composition approaches. https://oban.pro/docs/pro/1.6.0-rc.1/composition.html (https://oban.pro/docs/pro/1.6.0-rc.1/composition.html?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – New Oban Pro guide explaining when to use chains, workflows, chunks, or batches for job composition. https://github.com/DockYard/openid_connect (https://github.com/DockYard/openid_connect?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – The Elixir package 'openid_connect' reached version 1.0, providing client library support for working with various OpenID Connect providers like Google, Microsoft Azure AD, Auth0, and others. https://hexdocs.pm/openid_connect/readme.html (https://hexdocs.pm/openid_connect/readme.html?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Documentation for the newly released openid_connect 1.0 package. https://bsky.app/profile/davelucia.com/post/3llqwsbyutc2z (https://bsky.app/profile/davelucia.com/post/3llqwsbyutc2z?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Announcement that openid_connect is maintained by tvlabs. https://bsky.app/profile/germsvel.com/post/3llee5lyerk2b (https://bsky.app/profile/germsvel.com/post/3llee5lyerk2b?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – PhoenixTest v0.6.0 has been released with significant changes, including a breaking change. https://github.com/germsvel/phoenix_test (https://github.com/germsvel/phoenix_test?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – GitHub repository for PhoenixTest. https://hexdocs.pm/phoenixtest/upgradeguides.html#upgrading-to-0-6-0 (https://hexdocs.pm/phoenix_test/upgrade_guides.html#upgrading-to-0-6-0?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Upgrade guide for updating to PhoenixTest v0.6.0 with its breaking change. https://hexdocs.pm/phoenix_test/changelog.html#0-6-0 (https://hexdocs.pm/phoenix_test/changelog.html#0-6-0?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Changelog for PhoenixTest v0.6.0. https://supabase.com/blog/postgres-language-server (https://supabase.com/blog/postgres-language-server?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Supabase has released a new Postgres Language Server for developers, providing IDE intellisense and autocomplete for PostgreSQL. https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=Supabase.postgrestools (https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=Supabase.postgrestools?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – VSCode extension for Supabase's new Postgres developer tools. https://github.com/supabase-community/postgres-language-server (https://github.com/supabase-community/postgres-language-server?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – GitHub repository for Supabase's Postgres Language Server. https://pgtools.dev/ (https://pgtools.dev/?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Official website for Postgres Tools with documentation and features. https://pgtools.dev/checking_migrations/ (https://pgtools.dev/checking_migrations/?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Feature in Postgres Tools that lints database migrations to check for problematic schema changes. https://github.com/fly-apps/safe-ecto-migrations (https://github.com/fly-apps/safe-ecto-migrations?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Resource for ensuring safe Ecto migrations. https://fly.io/phoenix-files/safe-ecto-migrations/ (https://fly.io/phoenix-files/safe-ecto-migrations/?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Article about safe Ecto migrations posted on Fly.io. https://elixirevents.net/ (https://elixirevents.net/?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Community resource created by Johanna Larsson for tracking, sharing, and learning about Elixir events worldwide. https://bsky.app/profile/elixirevents.net (https://bsky.app/profile/elixirevents.net?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Bluesky account for ElixirEvents.net for following Elixir community events. Do you have some Elixir news to share? Tell us at @ThinkingElixir (https://twitter.com/ThinkingElixir) or email at show@thinkingelixir.com (mailto:show@thinkingelixir.com) Discussion Resources https://paraxial.io/ (https://paraxial.io/?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) https://paraxial.io/blog/index (https://paraxial.io/blog/index?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Blog with posts about security for Elixir, Rails, and the Paraxial service https://www.cnn.com/2025/03/18/tech/google-wiz-acquisition/index.html (https://www.cnn.com/2025/03/18/tech/google-wiz-acquisition/index.html?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) https://podcast.thinkingelixir.com/93 (https://podcast.thinkingelixir.com/93?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Our last discussion was 3 years ago in episode 93! Titled "Preventing Service Abuse with Michael Lubas" https://www.amazon.com/Innovators-Dilemma-Revolutionary-Change-Business/dp/0062060244 (https://www.amazon.com/Innovators-Dilemma-Revolutionary-Change-Business/dp/0062060244?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Kafkaesque - having a nightmarishly complex, bizarre, or illogical quality (https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Kafkaesque - having a nightmarishly complex, bizarre, or illogical quality?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) https://paraxial.io/blog/oban-pentest (https://paraxial.io/blog/oban-pentest?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Completed a Security Audit of Oban Pro - this is after ObanPro went free and OpenSource https://paraxial.io/blog/elixir-best (https://paraxial.io/blog/elixir-best?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Elixir and Phoenix Security Checklist: 11 Best Practices https://paraxial.io/blog/rails-command-injection (https://paraxial.io/blog/rails-command-injection?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Ruby on Rails Security: Preventing Command Injection https://paraxial.io/blog/paraxial-three (https://paraxial.io/blog/paraxial-three?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Paraxial.io v3 blog post Guest Information - Michael Lubas, Paraxial.io Founder - michael@paraxial.io - https://x.com/paraxialio (https://x.com/paraxialio?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – on Twitter/X - https://x.com/paraxialio (https://x.com/paraxialio?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – on Twitter/X - https://github.com/paraxialio/ (https://github.com/paraxialio/?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – on Github - https://www.youtube.com/@paraxial5874 (https://www.youtube.com/@paraxial5874?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Paraxial.io channel on YouTube - https://genserver.social/paraxial (https://genserver.social/paraxial?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – on Fediverse - https://paraxial.io/ (https://paraxial.io/?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Blog Find us online - Message the show - Bluesky (https://bsky.app/profile/thinkingelixir.com) - Message the show - X (https://x.com/ThinkingElixir) - Message the show on Fediverse - @ThinkingElixir@genserver.social (https://genserver.social/ThinkingElixir) - Email the show - show@thinkingelixir.com (mailto:show@thinkingelixir.com) - Mark Ericksen on X - @brainlid (https://x.com/brainlid) - Mark Ericksen on Bluesky - @brainlid.bsky.social (https://bsky.app/profile/brainlid.bsky.social) - Mark Ericksen on Fediverse - @brainlid@genserver.social (https://genserver.social/brainlid) - David Bernheisel on Bluesky - @david.bernheisel.com (https://bsky.app/profile/david.bernheisel.com) - David Bernheisel on Fediverse - @dbern@genserver.social (https://genserver.social/dbern)

Nikolay and Michael are joined by Tomas Vondra to discuss single query performance cliffs — what they are, why they happen, some things we can do to make them less likely or less severe, and some potential improvements to Postgres that could help. Here are some links to things they mentioned:Tomas Vondra https://postgres.fm/people/tomas-vondraWhere do performance cliffs come from? (Talk by Tomas) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UzdAelm-QSYWhere do performance cliffs come from? (Slides) https://vondra.me/pdf/performance-cliffs-posette-2024.pdfIncrease the number of fast-path lock slots (committed for Postgres 18) https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/E1ss4gX-000IvX-63%40gemulon.postgresql.org San Francisco Bay Area Postgres meet-up with Tomas on 8th April (online) https://www.meetup.com/postgresql-1/events/306484787Our episode on Extended Statistics https://postgres.fm/episodes/extended-statisticsLogging plan of the currently running query (proposed patch by Rafael Thofehrn Castro and Atsushi Torikoshi) https://commitfest.postgresql.org/patch/5330Our episode with Peter Geoghegan on Skip Scan https://postgres.fm/episodes/skip-scanIndex Prefetching patch that Tomas is collaborating with Peter Geoghegan on https://commitfest.postgresql.org/patch/4351A generalized join algorithm, G-Join (paper by Goetz Graefe) https://dl.gi.de/server/api/core/bitstreams/ce8e3fab-0bac-45fc-a6d4-66edaa52d574/content Smooth Scan: Robust Access Path Selection without Cardinality Estimation (paper by R. Borovica, S. Idreos, A. Ailamaki, M. Zukowski, C. Fraser) https://stratos.seas.harvard.edu/sites/g/files/omnuum4611/files/stratos/files/smoothscan.pdfJust-in-Time Compilation (JIT) https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/jit.htmlNotes from a pgconf.dev unconference session in 2024 about JIT (discusses issues) https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/PGConf.dev_2024_Developer_Unconference#JIT_compilationImplementing an alternative JIT provider for PostgreSQL (by Xing Guo) https://higuoxing.com/archives/implementing-jit-provider-for-pgsqlTomas' Office Hours https://vondra.me/posts/office-hours-experiment ~~~What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc!~~~Postgres FM is produced by:Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustardNikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.aiWith special thanks to:Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork 

RJJ Software's Software Development Service This episode of The Modern .NET Show is supported, in part, by RJJ Software's Podcasting Services, whether your company is looking to elevate its UK operations or reshape its US strategy, we can provide tailored solutions that exceed expectations. Show Notes "So I've been focused on the code to cloud journey, I like to call it, for the template. And two years ago, my goal was to provide a solution that could take you from code to cloud in 45 minutes or less. So I wanted it to be "file new project" to deploy a solution on Azure—because that's where my main focus is—within 45 minutes."— Jason Taylor Welcome friends to The Modern .NET Show; the premier .NET podcast, focusing entirely on the knowledge, tools, and frameworks that all .NET developers should have in their toolbox. We are the go-to podcast for .NET developers worldwide, and I am your host: Jamie "GaProgMan" Taylor. In this episode, Jason Taylor (no relation) joined us to talk about his journey from Classic ASP to .NET and Azure. He also discusses clean architecture's maintainability, and his open-source Clean Architecture Solution template for ASP .NET Core, along with strategies for learning new frameworks and dealing with complexity. "Right now the template supports PostgreSQL, SQLite, and SQL Server. If you want to support MySQL, it's relatively easy to do because there's already a Bicep module or a Terraform module that you can go in and use it. So I went from 45 minutes to now I can get things up and running in like, I don't know, two minutes of effort and 15 minutes of waiting around while I make my coffee"— Jason Taylor Along the way, we talk about some of the complexities involved with creating a template which supports multiple different frontend technologies and .NET Aspire (which was news to me when we recorded), all the while maintaining the goal of being the simplest approach for enterprise development with Clean Architecture. Anyway, without further ado, let's sit back, open up a terminal, type in `dotnet new podcast` and we'll dive into the core of Modern .NET. Supporting the Show If you find this episode useful in any way, please consider supporting the show by either leaving a review (check our review page for ways to do that), sharing the episode with a friend or colleague, buying the host a coffee, or considering becoming a Patron of the show. Full Show Notes The full show notes, including links to some of the things we discussed and a full transcription of this episode, can be found at: https://dotnetcore.show/season-7/from-code-to-cloud-in-15-minutes-jason-taylors-expert-insights-and-the-clean-architecture-template/ Jason's Links: Jason's Clean Architecture repo on GitHub Jason's Northwind Traders with Clean Architecture repo on Github Connect with Jason Jason's RapidBlazor repo on GitHub Other Links: C# DevKit for Visual Studio Code Code, Coffee, and Clever Debugging: Leslie Richardson's Microsoft Journey and the C# Dev Kit in Visual Studio Code with Leslie Richardson dotnet scaffold devcontainers .NET Aspire Azure Developer CLI GitHub CLI Obsidian Supporting the show: Leave a rating or review Buy the show a coffee Become a patron Getting in Touch: Via the contact page Joining the Discord Remember to rate and review the show on Apple Podcasts, Podchaser, or wherever you find your podcasts, this will help the show's audience grow. Or you can just share the show with a friend. And don't forget to reach out via our Contact page. We're very interested in your opinion of the show, so please get in touch. You can support the show by making a monthly donation on the show's Patreon page at: https://www.patreon.com/TheDotNetCorePodcast. Music created by Mono Memory Music, licensed to RJJ Software for use in The Modern .NET Show

What does it take to lead a global open source project like Postgres? In Episode 26 of Talking Postgres with Claire Giordano, we sit down with Bruce Momjian—co-founder and core team member of the PostgreSQL Global Development Group—to explore the art of leadership in a volunteer-run open source community. Bruce shares what “servant leadership” really means; how saying I'm sorry can help make problems go away; and how letting go of who-gets-the-credit can fuel collaboration. We also dive into Bruce's origin story, from shaping Postgres's early days to mastering the art of public speaking. Pro tip: if you see a man in a bow tie at a Postgres conference, be sure to say hello—it's probably Bruce Momjian!Links mentioned in this episode:Open source project website: postgresql.orgWebsite: Bruce MomjianVideo of talk: Building Open Source Teams at FOSDEM 2023Slides: FOSDEM talk on Building Open Source TeamsWikipedia: John C. MaxwellHarry Truman quote: It is amazing what you can accomplish if you do not care who gets the creditThe New Stack: How to Generate AI From a DatabaseEDB Blog: Bruce Momjian's Insights from PGConf India 2025Conference schedule: PGConf India 2025Book: Why We Sleep by Matthew WalkerVideo of talk: Why Database Teams Need Crew Resource Management by Chris TraversWikipedia: Anna Karenina principleTalking Postgres podcast: Why mentor Postgres developers with Robert HaasDiscord invite: PostgreSQL Hacking serverMailing lists: PostgreSQL mailing listsConference: PostgreSQL Conference Nepal 2025 happening May 5-6Conference: PostgreSQL Conference Germany 2025 on May 8-9Conference: POSETTE: An Event for Postgres 2025 on Jun 10-12Upcoming POSETTE 2025 keynote: Databases in the AI Trenches by Bruce Momjian Conference: SouthEast | LinuxFest on Jun 13-15 in Charlotte NC Conference: Swiss PGDay 2025 happening Jun 26-27 Conference: PGDay Austria 2025 happening in Vienna on Sep 4Conference: PGDay UK 2025 happening in London on Sep 9Conference: PGDay Lowlands 2025 happening in Rotterdam on Sep 12Video from PGConf.dev 2024: Making PostgreSQL Hacking More InclusiveTalking Postgres podcast: How I got started as a developer (& in Postgres) with David RowleyWikipedia: O'Reilly Open Source Convention (OSCON)Calendar invite: LIVE recording of Ep27 of Talking Postgres to happen on Wed May 07 with guest Peter Farkas. The topic: “How I got started with FerretDB (& why we chose Postgres)”

A domain is a set of possible values (among other definitions). I use this word a lot in my work, often with a problem domain (the thing you're trying to solve) or the domain of possible values (like the US States and Territories list). That last one is interesting, as this is often the set of data we stick in some reference or lookup table to use in a form on a screen. There is a domain as part of the SQL specification, which I never knew about. I was reading an article from Joe Celko on the CREATE DOMAIN statement. This doesn't exist in SQL Server and T-SQL, but it has been a part of PostgreSQL for quite a few versions. The article talks about the definition of a domain from a few very experienced database design people. Read the rest of A Domain for Data

Google and Mozilla patch nearly two dozen security flaws. The UK's Royal Mail Group sees 144GB of data stolen and leaked. A bizarre campaign looks to recruit cybersecurity professionals to hack Chinese websites. PostgreSQL servers with weak credentials have been compromised for cryptojacking. Google Cloud patches a vulnerability affecting its Cloud Run platform. Oracle faces a class-action lawsuit over alleged cloud services data breaches. CISA releases ICS advisories detailing vulnerabilities in Rockwell Automation and Hitachi Energy products. General Paul Nakasone offers a candid assessment of America's evolving cyber threats. On today's CertByte segment,  a look at the Cisco Enterprise Network Core Technologies exam. Are AI LLMs more like minds or mirrors? Remember to leave us a 5-star rating and review in your favorite podcast app. Miss an episode? Sign-up for our daily intelligence roundup, Daily Briefing, and you'll never miss a beat. And be sure to follow CyberWire Daily on LinkedIn. CertByte Segment Welcome to CertByte! On this bi-weekly segment hosted by Chris Hare, a content developer and project management specialist at N2K, we share practice questions from N2K's suite of industry-leading certification resources, this week, Chris is joined by Troy McMillan to break down a question targeting the Cisco Enterprise Network Core Technologies (350-401 ENCOR) v1.1 exam. Today's question comes from N2K's Cisco CCNP Implementing and Operating Cisco Enterprise Network Core Technologies ENCOR (350-401) Practice Test. The ENCOR exam enables candidates to earn the Cisco Certified Specialist - Enterprise Core certification, which can also be used to meet exam requirements for several other Cisco certifications. Have a question that you'd like to see covered? Email us at certbyte@n2k.com. If you're studying for a certification exam, check out N2K's full exam prep library of certification practice tests, practice labs, and training courses by visiting our website at n2k.com/certify.To get the full news to knowledge experience, learn more about our N2K Pro subscription at https://thecyberwire.com/pro.  Please note: The questions and answers provided here, and on our site, are not actual current or prior questions and answers from these certification publishers or providers. Additional source: https://www.cisco.com/site/us/en/learn/training-certifications/exams/encor.html   Selected Reading Chrome 135, Firefox 137 Patch High-Severity Vulnerabilities (SecurityWeek) Royal Mail Group Loses 144GB to Infostealers: Same Samsung Hacker, Same 2021 Infostealer Log (Infostealers) Someone is trying to recruit security researchers in bizarre hacking campaign (TechCrunch) Ongoing cryptomining campaign hits over 1.5K PostgreSQL servers (SC Media) ImageRunner Flaw Exposed Sensitive Information in Google Cloud (SecurityWeek) Google Brings End-to-End Encrypted Emails to All Enterprise Gmail Users (SecurityWeek) Oracle now faces class action amid alleged data breaches (The Register) CISA Releases Two ICS Advisories for Vulnerabilities, & Exploits Surrounding ICS (Cyber Security News) Exclusive: Gen. Paul Nakasone says China is now our biggest cyber threat (The Record) Large AI models are cultural and social technologies (Science) Share your feedback. We want to ensure that you are getting the most out of the podcast. Please take a few minutes to share your thoughts with us by completing our brief listener survey as we continually work to improve the show.  Want to hear your company in the show? You too can reach the most influential leaders and operators in the industry. Here's our media kit. Contact us at cyberwire@n2k.com to request more info. The CyberWire is a production of N2K Networks, your source for strategic workforce intelligence. © N2K Networks, Inc. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Nikolay and Michael are joined by Lev Kokotov to discuss PgDog — including whether or when sharding is needed, the origin story (via PgCat), what's already supported, and what's coming next.    Here are some links to things they mentioned:Lev Kokotov https://postgres.fm/people/lev-kokotovPgDog https://github.com/pgdogdev/pgdogPgCat https://github.com/postgresml/pgcatAdopting PgCat (Instacart blog post) https://www.instacart.com/company/how-its-made/adopting-pgcat-a-nextgen-postgres-proxyPgDog discussion on Hacker News https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43364668Citus https://github.com/citusdata/citusSharding & IDs at Instagram (blog post) https://instagram-engineering.com/sharding-ids-at-instagram-1cf5a71e5a5cSharding pgvector (blog post by Lev) https://pgdog.dev/blog/sharding-pgvector~~~What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc!~~~Postgres FM is produced by:Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustardNikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.aiWith special thanks to:Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork 

#pgmanage y #rainfrog son dos espectaculares herramientas para gestionar tus bases de datos #postgresql de forma gráfica o directamente de la terminalAntes que nada quiero aclarar que me estoy refiriendo a bases de datos como PostgreSQL y MariaDB, no confundir en ningún caso con otras cosas. Me estoy refiriendo a bases de datos serias. Ya sabes a que me refiero. Y en particular, por mi historia personal, yo me decanto personalmente por PostgreSQL, que es la base de datos, con la que me formé y la que mas apego personal le tengo. La cuestión es que en los últimos meses estoy retomando, con fuerza mi contacto con PostgreSQL por un proyecto, un side project que diría el amigo Daniel Primo de Web Reactiva. Actualmente no tengo que interactuar en exceso con la base de datos, y a base de migraciones mas o menos lo tengo resuelto. Sin embargo, ha llegado el momento, en que tengo que hacer cambios y probar. Básicamente, tengo que gestionar la base de datos. Dado que esto lo estoy haciendo en local y publicando en un VPS, necesito acceso tanto en local como en remoto, y preferiblemente en remoto sin abrir puertos. Así, estoy utilizando dos herramientas de bases de datos que tienes que conocer, donde una es con interfaz web y otra con TUI.Más información y enlaces en las notas del episodio

Nikolay talks Michael through using cloud snapshots — how they can be used to reduce RTO for huge Postgres setups, also to improve provisioning time, and some major catches to be aware of. Here are some links to things they mentioned:Snapshots on RDS https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/USER_CreateSnapshot.htmlpgBackRest https://pgbackrest.orgWAL-G https://github.com/wal-g/wal-gpg_backup_start and pg_backup_stop (docs) https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-BACKUP How to troubleshoot long Postgres startup (by Nikolay) https://gitlab.com/postgres-ai/postgresql-consulting/postgres-howtos/-/blob/main/0003_how_to_troubleshoot_long_startup.mdRestoring to a DB instance (RDS docs mentioning lazy loading) https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/USER_RestoreFromSnapshot.html Amazon EBS fast snapshot restore https://docs.aws.amazon.com/ebs/latest/userguide/ebs-fast-snapshot-restore.htmlOur 100th episode “To 100TB, and beyond!” https://postgres.fm/episodes/to-100tb-and-beyond ~~~What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc!~~~Postgres FM is produced by:Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustardNikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.aiWith credit to:Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork

An airhacks.fm conversation with Alvaro Hernandez (@ahachete) about: discussion about stackgres as a complete database cloud solution for PostgreSQL, kubernetes as an abstraction layer over infrastructure providing a programmable API, Stackgres offering high availability with primary and replica nodes using patroni, integrated connection pooling with PgBouncer, kubernetes operators and Custom Resource Definitions (CRDs) as a powerful way to extend Kubernetes, day two operations automated through CRDs including benchmarks and version upgrades, Stackgres supporting sharding with Citus for horizontal scaling similar to DynamoDB, Change Data Capture capabilities using embedded debezium, failover mechanisms taking typically 30 seconds with DNS updates, synchronous vs asynchronous replication options affecting data loss during failover, Stackgres being implemented in Java using quarkus, ContainerD as a programmable container runtime that can be used without Kubernetes, Stackgres offering multiple interfaces including CRDs, REST API, and a web console, considerations for running databases on Kubernetes vs cloud-managed services, the advantages of containerization for infrastructure, the challenges of multi-leader setups in PostgreSQL requiring conflict resolution, the value of Kubernetes for on-premises deployments vs cloud environments Alvaro Hernandez on twitter: @ahachete

Nikolay and Michael discuss GIN indexes in Postgres — what they are, what they're used for, and some limitations to be aware of. Here are some links to things they mentioned:GIN Indexes https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/gin.htmlGeneralized Search Trees for Database Systems (Hellerstein, Naughton, Pfeffer) https://dsf.berkeley.edu/papers/vldb95-gist.pdf RUM extension https://pgxn.org/dist/rum/1.1.0/Understanding Postgres GIN Indexes: The Good and the Bad (Lukas Fittl) https://pganalyze.com/blog/gin-index~~~What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc!~~~Postgres FM is produced by:Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustardNikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.aiWith credit to:Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork

When I found out that Django developer and Python Software Foundation chair Dawn Wages has a chapter in her upcoming Domain-Driven Django book called “Just Use Postgres”, I knew we had to get her on the show. In this episode of Talking Postgres with Claire Giordano, Dawn breaks down why so many Python and Django developers have such an affinity for Postgres. And we dive into the Djangonaut Space mentoring program (where contributors launch), learn why “free as in puppies” beats “free as in cake” for open source vibes, and dig into why Python is the second-best language for everything.Links mentioned in this episode:Project page: psycopgDocumentation: Psycopg 3 – PostgreSQL database adapter for PythonProject page: PostgreSQL open source projectGit repo: code for PostgreSQL.org websiteConference: PyCon US 2025, happening May 14-22 in PittsburghConference: PGConf.dev 2025 Schedule, happening May 13-16 in Montreal CanadaConference: Prague PostgreSQL Developer Day 2025 (P2D2) Schedule, which took place Jan 28-29Wikipedia page: Model-view-controller software design patternBook: Professional ASP.NET MVC 1.0, affectionately called “the four heads book”Podcast episode: Working in Public with Simon Willison & Marco SlotBlog: Simon Willison's TILs, aka Things I've learnedSimon Willison's Weblog: Here's how I use LLMs to help me write codeSimon Willison's Weblog: How I make annotated presentationsSurvey: Python Developers Survey 2023 ResultsPython Docs: What's new in Python 3.14Mentorship program: Djangonaut SpaceMentorship program: Media & Talks about Djangonaut SpacePodcast episode: Why mentor Postgres developers with Robert HaasSlides: PGConf EU 2024 talk by Claire Giordano about Contributions to Postgres, including maps showing how global the Postgres project isVideo of POSETTE 2024 talk by Paolo Melchiorre: Semantic search with Django, PostgreSQL, & pgvectorVideo of Citus Con 2023 talk: Maps with Django (and PostGIS), by Paolo MelchiorreVideo of Citus Con 2022 talk: Django with PostgreSQL superpowers, by Paolo MelchiorreConference: DjangoCon Africa 2025, happening August 11-15 in Tanzania Calendar invite: LIVE recording of Ep26 of Talking Postgres to happen on Wed Apr 02, 2025 with guest Bruce Momjian, to talk about Open Source Leadership 

Nikolay and Michael use a recent "best practices" article as a prompt — giving a few tips each on the topics mentioned, like schema design, performance, backups, and more. Here are some links to things they mentioned:7 Crucial PostgreSQL Best Practices (recent blog post) https://speakdatascience.com/postgresql-best-practices“Don't do this” episode https://postgres.fm/episodes/dont-do-thisArticle discussion on Hacker News https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42992913Mozilla's SQL Style Guide https://docs.telemetry.mozilla.org/concepts/sql_style“SQL vs NoSQL” episode with Franck Pachot https://postgres.fm/episodes/sql-vs-nosqlHA episode https://postgres.fm/episodes/high-availability ~~~What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc!~~~Postgres FM is produced by:Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustardNikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.aiWith credit to:Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork

In this episode of Code with Jason, host Jason Swett interviews Prarthana Shiva, a senior software engineer at NexHealth, who shares how her team is handling massive database scaling challenges. Prarthana explains their PostgreSQL database's growth to 24 terabytes (with projections to triple within a year) and details their innovative solutions including read replicas, Elasticsearch implementation, Redis caching, external write-ahead logs, and optimized vacuuming processes. The conversation also touches on Jason's own database challenges with his CI platform and concludes with Prarthana's upcoming presentation at Sin City Ruby 2025, where she'll discuss their transition from schema-based to row-based multi-tenancy for better scalability.Prarthana Shiva on LinkedInSin City Ruby

In this episode, Chris and Andrew start out talking about personal milestones and upcoming birthdays.  The conversation then moves to technical issues faced with PostgreSQL configurations on Hatchbox. They delve into the functionality and challenges of different tools such as Asdf and its alternatives like Mise, a tool for managing programming environments, and the evolving role of AI in coding environments. They also explore Warp's new terminal features and Chris's work on the ‘Learning Hotwire' course. Hit download now to hear more! HoneybadgerHoneybadger is an application health monitoring tool built by developers for developers.Disclaimer: This post contains affiliate links. If you make a purchase, I may receive a commission at no extra cost to you. Chris Oliver X/Twitter Andrew Mason X/Twitter Jason Charnes X/Twitter

В этом выпуске: обсуждаем Ferret DB 2.0, RUM, CosmosDB и DocumentDB, как и зачем упаковать приложение на Go в виде расширения для PostgreSQL, EA выложили С&C в опен сорс, насколько полезны анализаторы качества воздуха, а также драма недели с ToS для Firefox и другие темы слушателей. [00:06:45] FerretDB 2.0 GA FerretDB 2.0 GA: Open Source… Читать далее →

Nikolay and Michael discuss the CREATE STATISTICS feature in Postgres — what it's for, how often it's used, and how to spot cases where it would help.  Here are some links to things they mentioned:CREATE STATISTICS https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-createstatistics.htmlcitext https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/citext.htmlStatistics Used by the Planner https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/planner-stats.htmldefault_statistics_target https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-query.html#GUC-DEFAULT-STATISTICS-TARGETTomáš Vondra on Postgres TV https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8la-OWfD3VIRecent commit to Postgres 18 for pg_upgrade https://git.postgresql.org/gitweb/?p=postgresql.git;a=commit;h=1fd1bd871012732e3c6c482667d2f2c56f1a9395Multivariate Statistics Examples https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/multivariate-statistics-examples.htmlExtended statistics (README) https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/master/src/backend/statistics/READMEHow we used Postgres extended statistics to achieve a 3000x speedup (blog post by Jared Rulison) https://build.affinity.co/how-we-used-postgres-extended-statistics-to-achieve-a-3000x-speedup-ea93d3dcdc61~~~What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc!~~~Postgres FM is produced by:Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustardNikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.aiWith credit to:Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork

News includes exciting updates to Phoenix gen_auth with magic links and sudo mode security features, a comprehensive guide on Elixir and Phoenix security best practices from Paraxial.io, significant updates to the DaisyUI Components library for Phoenix LiveView reaching version 0.7.0, more on LiveDebugger tool for Phoenix applications, performance improvements in PostgreSQL's self-join handling, and more! Show Notes online - http://podcast.thinkingelixir.com/242 (http://podcast.thinkingelixir.com/242) Elixir Community News https://gigalixir.com/thinking (https://gigalixir.com/thinking?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Visit to sign up and get 20% off your first year. Or use the promo code "Thinking" during signup. https://github.com/phoenixframework/phoenix/pull/6081 (https://github.com/phoenixframework/phoenix/pull/6081?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Phoenix gen_auth is adding support for magic links (passwordless login) and sudo mode for sensitive operations. https://elixirstream.dev/gendiff (https://elixirstream.dev/gendiff?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Additional resource for Phoenix gen_auth updates. https://github.com/9elements/hex-mcp (https://github.com/9elements/hex-mcp?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – New Model Context Protocol server providing real-time Hex package version information for AI tools like Cursor. https://paraxial.io/blog/elixir-best (https://paraxial.io/blog/elixir-best?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Michael Lubas shares 11 best practices for security in Elixir and Phoenix applications. https://elixirstatus.com/p/7bQOj-daisyuicomponents---a-phoenix-liveview--daisyui-library (https://elixirstatus.com/p/7bQOj-daisyuicomponents---a-phoenix-liveview--daisyui-library?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – DaisyUI Components library for Phoenix LiveView updated to version 0.7.0. https://github.com/phcurado/daisyuicomponents (https://github.com/phcurado/daisy_ui_components?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – GitHub repository for DaisyUI Components, featuring over 30 pre-styled components. https://daisy-ui-components-site.fly.dev/storybook/welcome (https://daisy-ui-components-site.fly.dev/storybook/welcome?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Interactive Storybook for exploring DaisyUI Components. https://github.com/phcurado/daisyuicomponents/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md (https://github.com/phcurado/daisy_ui_components/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Changelog showing recent updates to DaisyUI Components. https://github.com/software-mansion-labs/live-debugger (https://github.com/software-mansion-labs/live-debugger?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – LiveDebugger tool for Phoenix LiveView applications, providing insights into LiveViews, components, and state transitions. https://www.phoronix.com/news/PostgreSQL-Self-Join-Eliminate (https://www.phoronix.com/news/PostgreSQL-Self-Join-Eliminate?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Postgres adds optimization for self-joins, improving query performance. https://www.lambdadays.org/lambdadays2025 (https://www.lambdadays.org/lambdadays2025?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Lambda Days conference tickets on sale, happening June 12-13 in Kraków, Poland, focusing on functional programming. https://alchemyconf.com/ (https://alchemyconf.com/?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Alchemy Conf happening April 2-3 in Braga, Portugal with 10% discount code "THINKINGELIXIR". https://membrz.club/alchemyconf/events (https://membrz.club/alchemyconf/events?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Direct link for purchasing Alchemy Conf tickets. Do you have some Elixir news to share? Tell us at @ThinkingElixir (https://twitter.com/ThinkingElixir) or email at show@thinkingelixir.com (mailto:show@thinkingelixir.com) Find us online - Message the show - Bluesky (https://bsky.app/profile/thinkingelixir.com) - Message the show - X (https://x.com/ThinkingElixir) - Message the show on Fediverse - @ThinkingElixir@genserver.social (https://genserver.social/ThinkingElixir) - Email the show - show@thinkingelixir.com (mailto:show@thinkingelixir.com) - Mark Ericksen on X - @brainlid (https://x.com/brainlid) - Mark Ericksen on Bluesky - @brainlid.bsky.social (https://bsky.app/profile/brainlid.bsky.social) - Mark Ericksen on Fediverse - @brainlid@genserver.social (https://genserver.social/brainlid) - David Bernheisel on Bluesky - @david.bernheisel.com (https://bsky.app/profile/david.bernheisel.com) - David Bernheisel on Fediverse - @dbern@genserver.social (https://genserver.social/dbern)

Nikolas Burk, DevRel at Prisma, talks about Prisma Postgres, its unikernel architecture, and its seamless integration with cloud infrastructure. Discover how Prisma Postgres is revolutionizing database management with features like cold start elimination, real-time event handling and advanced caching strategies! Links https://www.prisma.io/blog/announcing-prisma-postgres-early-access https://x.com/nikolasburk https://www.linkedin.com/in/nikolas-burk-1bbb7b8a https://github.com/nikolasburk We want to hear from you! How did you find us? Did you see us on Twitter? In a newsletter? Or maybe we were recommended by a friend? Let us know by sending an email to our producer, Emily, at emily.kochanekketner@logrocket.com (mailto:emily.kochanekketner@logrocket.com), or tweet at us at PodRocketPod (https://twitter.com/PodRocketpod). Follow us. Get free stickers. Follow us on Apple Podcasts, fill out this form (https://podrocket.logrocket.com/get-podrocket-stickers), and we'll send you free PodRocket stickers! What does LogRocket do? LogRocket provides AI-first session replay and analytics that surfaces the UX and technical issues impacting user experiences. Start understand where your users are struggling by trying it for free at [LogRocket.com]. Try LogRocket for free today.(https://logrocket.com/signup/?pdr) Special Guest: Nikolas Burk.

Join us on "Advantest Talks Semi" as we explore the critical importance of data management in the semiconductor industry with our guest, Joe Addiego.Joe Addiego is a seasoned operating executive and investor with over 20 years of operating experience in technology. His executive leadership contributed to two successful Initial Public Offerings (IPOs), showcasing his strategic acumen in guiding tech companies through critical growth phases. Joe's operational expertise spans across control systems, real-time operating systems, and software development tools, with expertise in data management, networking, and cybersecurity. Joe has spent the last 25 years as an investor, nurturing startups and establishing markets for innovative technologies holding prominent roles at In-Q-Tel, Alsop Louie Partners, and Brave Capital. As a lead investor for the real-time database company Aerospike, he addressed the data management industry's need for guaranteed low latency and low cost of ownership. More recent investments include Crunchy Data, an open-source PostgreSQL company that provides a trusted Postgres implementation for enterprises to use either on premises through Kubernetes, or in the cloud as a managed service. Crunchy Data recently augmented its cloud implementation to include a next-generation Postgres-native data warehouse, enabling everyone to take advantage of high-performance data analytics without leaving Postgres. Throughout Joe's career he has succeeded at creating new markets for innovative technologies. In this episode, we dive deep into how data serves as the foundation of cutting-edge innovations across AI, machine learning, adaptive testing, and cybersecurity. This conversation leads us into a comprehensive look at the evolution of data management—from the early days of punch cards and magnetic tapes to today's sophisticated database systems and cloud solutions.Throughout the episode, Joe shares his insights on the transformation brought about by the internet era, which has revolutionized how we store, manage, and leverage data in real-time across the globe. We'll examine how these advancements have fueled the explosion of data volumes and how modern technologies have adapted to handle this surge with unprecedented efficiency and security.Tune in to "Advantest Talks Semi" for a thought-provoking discussion on the history, current trends, and the future of data management within the semiconductor industry, and gain valuable perspectives on navigating the complexities of today's data-driven world. This episode is essential for anyone interested in the intersection of technology and business strategy, providing a clear understanding of how data continues to drive innovation and success in the high-tech landscape.Thanks for tuning in to "Advantest Talks Semi"! If you enjoyed this episode, we'd love to hear from you! Please take a moment to leave a rating on Apple Podcast. Your feedback helps us improve and reach new listeners. Don't forget to subscribe and share with your friends. We appreciate your support!

My Very Personal Guidance and Strategies to Protect Network Edge Devices A quick summary to help you secure edge devices. This may be a bit opinionated, but these are the strategies that I find work and are actionable. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/My%20Very%20Personal%20Guidance%20and%20Strategies%20to%20Protect%20Network%20Edge%20Devices/31660 PostgreSQL SQL Injection A followup to yesterday's segment about the PostgreSQL vulnerability. Rapid7 released a Metasploit module to exploit the vulnerability. https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/pull/19877 Ivanti Connect Secure Exploited The Japanese CERT observed exploitation of January's Connect Secure vulnerability https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/ja/2025/02/spawnchimera.html WinZip Vulnerability WinZip patched a buffer overflow vulenrability that may be triggered by malicious 7Z files https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-25-047/ Xerox Printer Patch Xerox patched two vulnerabililites in its enterprise multifunction printers that may be exploited for lateral movement. https://securitydocs.business.xerox.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Xerox-Security-Bulletin-XRX25-003-for-Xerox-VersaLinkPhaser-and-WorkCentre.pdf

Critical PostgreSQL Bug Exploited in Treasury Hack & New Threats Unveiled - Cybersecurity Today In today's episode of Cybersecurity Today, hosted by Jim Love, we delve into major cybersecurity events, including a crucial PostgreSQL vulnerability exploited in the U.S. Treasury hack, Russian hackers bypassing traditional password security with device code authentication, and the discovery of the 'Final Draft' malware hijacking Microsoft Outlook drafts. Additionally, we explore the BBC's new tool to combat digital misinformation with Content Credentials. Tune in for in-depth insights and latest cybersecurity updates. 00:00 Introduction and Headlines 00:24 PostgreSQL Vulnerability and U.S. Treasury Hack 02:21 Russian Hackers Exploit Device Code Authentication 04:09 New Malware Hijacks Outlook Drafts 05:55 BBC Tests Truth Marks to Combat Fake News 07:49 Conclusion and Contact Information

Fake BSOD Delivered by Malicious Python Script Xavier found an odd malicious Python script that displays a blue screen of death to users. The purpose isn't quite clear. It could be a teach support scam tricking users into calling the 800 number displayed, or a simple anti-reversing trick https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Fake%20BSOD%20Delivered%20by%20Malicious%20Python%20Script/31686 The Danger of IP Volatility Accounting for IP addresses is important, and if not done properly, may lead to resources being exposed after IP addresses are released. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/The%20Danger%20of%20IP%20Volatility/31688 PostgreSQL SQL Injection Functions in PostgreSQL's libpq do not properly escape parameters which may lead to SQL injection issues if the functions are used to create input for pqsql. https://www.postgresql.org/support/security/CVE-2025-1094/ Multiple Russian Threat Actors Targeting Microsoft Device Code Auth The OAUTH device code flow is used to attach devices with limited input capability to a user's account. However, this can be abused via phishing attacks. https://www.volexity.com/blog/2025/02/13/multiple-russian-threat-actors-targeting-microsoft-device-code-authentication/

Nikolay and Michael are joined by Franck Pachot to discuss SQL vs NoSQL — did Franck change teams by joining MongoDB, normalisation vs denormalisation, developer experience, NULLs, and more! Here are some links to things they mentioned:Franck Pachot https://postgres.fm/people/franck-pachotFranck's workshop at PGConf India https://pgconf.in/conferences/pgconfin2025/program/proposals/958 PostgreSQL Conference Germany https://2025.pgconf.de"Schema Later" Considered Harmful by Michael Stonebraker and Álvaro Hernández https://www.enterprisedb.com/blog/schema-later-considered-harmfulComparison of JOINS by Michael Stonebraker and Álvaro Hernández https://www.enterprisedb.com/blog/comparison-joins-mongodb-vs-postgresql Franck's post about why he joined MongoDB https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/2025-im-joining-mongodb-franck-pachot-e4shfEdgeDB https://www.edgedb.comNikolay's tweet about a recent issue with NULLs https://x.com/samokhvalov/status/1889078097124999272PartiQL https://docs.aws.amazon.com/amazondynamodb/latest/developerguide/ql-reference.htmlFerretDB https://www.ferretdb.comDocumentDB https://github.com/microsoft/documentdb~~~What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc!~~~Postgres FM is produced by:Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustardNikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.aiWith special thanks to:Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork 

Nikolay and Michael return to the topic of BUFFERS for the third (and final?) time! They discuss the news that it'll be on by default with EXPLAIN ANALYZE in Postgres 18, and what effect that might have.  Here are some links to things they mentioned:Our first BUFFERS episode https://postgres.fm/episodes/buffers-by-defaultOur second BUFFERS episode https://postgres.fm/episodes/buffers-ii-the-sequelBUFFERS enabled for EXPLAIN ANALYZE by default (commit for Postgres 18) https://git.postgresql.org/gitweb/?p=postgresql.git;a=commit;h=c2a4078ebad71999dd451ae7d4358be3c9290b07https://explain.depesz.com/historyLatency Numbers Every Programmer Should Know https://gist.github.com/jboner/2841832Twitter conversation about flushing caches https://x.com/prochazkafilip/status/1881655337499205736pg_buffercache_evict https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/pgbuffercache.html#PGBUFFERCACHE-PG-BUFFERCACHE-EVICTHow to compare the quality of SQL query plans (blog post by Andrei Lepikhov) https://danolivo.substack.com/p/whose-optimisation-is-betterWe were added as PostgreSQL Contributors! https://www.postgresql.org/about/news/new-postgresql-contributors-3006~~~What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc!~~~Postgres FM is produced by:Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustardNikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.aiWith special thanks to:Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork 

Databases are hard. Making the right choices early and keeping things running smoothly even when budget pressures and customer requests start piling on — that's the hard part that many solopreneurs and indie founders struggle with.I certainly do.So here's a journey through my learnings and experiences from running SaaS offerings with sizeable —talking about terabytes of data— databases.The blog post: https://thebootstrappedfounder.com/indie-hacking-databases-at-scale/ The podcast episode: https://tbf.fm/episodes/374-indie-hacking-databases-at-scaleCheck out Podscan to get alerts when you're mentioned on podcasts: https://podscan.fmSend me a voicemail on Podline: https://podline.fm/arvidYou'll find my weekly article on my blog: https://thebootstrappedfounder.comPodcast: https://thebootstrappedfounder.com/podcastNewsletter: https://thebootstrappedfounder.com/newsletterMy book Zero to Sold: https://zerotosold.com/My book The Embedded Entrepreneur: https://embeddedentrepreneur.com/My course Find Your Following: https://findyourfollowing.comHere are a few tools I use. Using my affiliate links will support my work at no additional cost to you.- Notion (which I use to organize, write, coordinate, and archive my podcast + newsletter): https://affiliate.notion.so/465mv1536drx- Riverside.fm (that's what I recorded this episode with): https://riverside.fm/?via=arvid- TweetHunter (for speedy scheduling and writing Tweets): http://tweethunter.io/?via=arvid- HypeFury (for massive Twitter analytics and scheduling): https://hypefury.com/?via=arvid60- AudioPen (for taking voice notes and getting amazing summaries): https://audiopen.ai/?aff=PXErZ- Descript (for word-based video editing, subtitles, and clips): https://www.descript.com/?lmref=3cf39Q- ConvertKit (for email lists, newsletters, even finding sponsors): https://convertkit.com?lmref=bN9CZw

We dig into the Rails 8 Solid Trifecta, our thoughts on why fewer developers are taking jobs at startups, and a new buzzphrase: Framework Fatigue.