Podcasts about bronchoalveolar

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.31.551394v1?rss=1 Authors: Fernandez-Gonzalez, A., Mukhia, A., Nadkarni, J., Willis, G., Reis, M., Zhumka, K., Vitali, S., Liu, X., Galls, A., Mitsialis, S. A., Kourembanas, S. Abstract: Objective: Macrophages play a central role in the onset and progression of vascular disease in pulmonary hypertension (PH) and cell-based immunotherapies aimed at treating vascular remodeling are lacking. This work evaluates the effect of pulmonary administration of macrophages modified to have an anti-inflammatory/pro-resolving phenotype in attenuating early pulmonary inflammation and progression of experimentally induced PH. Approach and Results: Mouse bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) were polarized in vitro to a regulatory (M2reg) phenotype. M2reg profile and anti-inflammatory capacity were assessed in vitro upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon-{gamma} (IFN{gamma}) restimulation, before their administration to 8- to 12- week-old mice. M2reg protective effect was tested at early (2 to 4 days) and late (4 weeks) time points during hypoxia (8.5% O2) exposure. Levels of inflammatory markers were quantified in alveolar macrophages and whole lung, while PH development was ascertained by right ventricular systolic pressure (RSVP) and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) measurements. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from M2reg-transplanted hypoxic mice was collected, and its inflammatory potential tested on naive BMDMs. M2reg macrophages demonstrated a stable anti-inflammatory phenotype upon a subsequent pro-inflammatory stimulus by maintaining the expression of specific anti-inflammatory markers (Tgf{beta}, Il10 and Cd206) and downregulating the induction of proinflammatory cytokines and surface molecules (Cd86, Il6 and Tnf). A single dose of M2regs attenuated the hypoxic monocytic recruitment and perivascular inflammation. Early hypoxic lung and alveolar macrophage inflammation leading to PH development was significantly reduced and, importantly, M2regs attenuated RVH, RVSP and vascular remodeling at 4 weeks post treatment. Conclusion: Adoptive transfer of M2regs halts the recruitment of monocytes and modifies the hypoxic lung microenvironment, potentially changing the immunoreactivity of recruited macrophages and restoring normal immune functionality of the lung. These findings provide new mechanistic insights on the diverse role of macrophage phenotype on lung vascular homeostasis that can be explored as novel therapeutic targets. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

It's time for the final episode of JHLT: The Podcast for 2021! Join Daniel R. Goldstein, MD, Editor-in-Chief of JHLT, and the JHLT Digital Media Editors for two interviews with authors from the December issue of The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation. Both studies focus on protein biomarkers in thoracic transplantation. First, the editors speak with Tereza Martinu, MD, MHS, Assistant Professor and Clinician at Toronto General Hospital. Dr. Martinu is the lead author on a paper entitled “Bronchoalveolar lavage cytokine-based risk stratification of minimal acute rejection in clinically stable lung transplant recipients.” Beginning at 1:45, Erika Lease, MD, and David Schibilsky, MD, interview Dr. Martinu about the findings of the study and potential future application in clinical settings. Starting at 13:35, Van-Khue Ton, MD, PhD, and Marty Tam, MD, are in conversation with Lauren Truby, MD, Cardiology Fellow at Duke University Medical Center, about her study from the December issue: “Proteomic profiling identifies CLEC4C expression as a novel biomarker of primary graft dysfunction after heart transplantation.” Dr. Truby discusses her team's work on PGD, the expression of CLEC4C in transplant patients, and future potential work in the field. Follow along in the December issue at www.jhltonline.org/current, or, if you're an ISHLT member, log in at ishlt.org/journal-of-heart-lung-transplantation.  Don't already get the Journal and want to read along? Join the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation at www.ishlt.org for a free subscription, or subscribe today at www.jhltonline.org. This episode of JHLT: The Podcast, but not the studies within, is sponsored by Paragonix.

For the past few weeks, you can't hardly listen to a news broadcast with hearing about vaping. This brings up the question: should I quit vaping? We look at the likelihood of getting vaping related illness and put the risk in perspective compared to smoking. The public health anti-smoking campaign has centered around that fact that smoking makes you stink Vaping is the free market answer to this objection 26 deaths in 21 states 1299 cases reported (8 Oct 2019) https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic_information/e-cigarettes/severe-lung-disease.html Most patients admit to vaping THC 76% No single product is linked https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic_information/e-cigarettes/severe-lung-disease.html 28-year-old previously healthy man who presented in acute respiratory failure 2 weeks after initiating use of a street-purchased THC-containing vape cartridge. Bronchoalveolar lavage cytology with oil red O staining confirmed the diagnosis of acute lipoid pneumonia. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage and eosinophilic pneumonia were excluded. Evolving evidence supports a clinical entity of acute respiratory failure due to acute, exogenous lipoid pneumonia induced by THC Vaping-Associated Acute Respiratory Failure Due to Acute Lipoid Pneumonia. They say black market operators are using more thickening agents to dilute THC oil because of a crackdown by state authorities that has made the oil scarcer on the black market https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/potential-culprits-in-mystery-lung-illnesses-black-market-vaping-products/2019/09/24/cb5b708e-d98d-11e9-ac63-3016711543fe_story.html Black market manufacturers buy the cartridges in markets like this, fill them with THC oil or other mixtures and package them for sale by distributors. One thickening agent that is a key focus of investigators is vitamin E oil, known as vitamin E acetate. It is also colorless and odorless, has similar viscosity to THC oil, and is much cheaper Characteristics of a Multistate Outbreak of Lung Injury Associated with E-cigarette Use, or Vaping - United States, 2019. 805 cases reported, basic patient data (i.e., demo­graphics and dates of symptom onset and hospitalization) were received for 771 (96%) patients. Ninety-one percent of patients were hospitalized. Median duration between symptom onset and hospitalization was 6 days Of 514 studied 395 (76.9%) reported using THC-containing products, and 292 (56.8%) reported using nicotine-containing products in the 30 days preceding symptom onset; 210 patients (40.9%) reported using both THC-containing and nicotine-containing products, 185 (36.0%) reported exclu­sive use of THC-containing products, and 82 (16.0%) reported exclusive use of nicotine-containing products. Lipoid pneumonia is a rare condition that occurs when fat particles enter the lungs. Lipoids, also known as lipids, are fat molecules. Pneumonia refers to inflammation of the lungs. Lipoid pneumonia is also called lipid pneumonia. https://www.healthline.com/health/lipoid-pneumonia#symptoms In 2017, an estimated 14.0% (34.3 million) of U.S. adults were current cigarette smokers. Of these, 75.0% smoked every day Wang TW, Asman K, Gentzke AS, et al. Tobacco Product Use Among Adults — United States, 2017. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2018;67:1225–1232. DOI: In 2015 CDC estimated that 3.7% of US adults regularly use e-cigarettes (tobacco) https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db217.pdf   US population327 million= ~12 million people vape tobacco From 2017 to 2019, the vaping increased among 12th graders (11% to 25%), 10th graders (8% to 20%) and 8th graders (4% to 9%), according to preliminary data from the University of Michigan’s Monitoring the Future (MTF) survey. https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/9/6/e028535.full.pdf ~3000 north Carolina high school students 14-18 yo9.6% had vaped THC~16-17 million kids in US in this age range1.6-1.7 million THC adolescent smokers

Coding guidelines and advice are taking bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) to a surgical DRG. Should the body part be the bronchus or the lung? Reporting our lead story is Erica Remer, MD and Inpatient Compliance Specialist Stacey Elliott. Both will discuss their concerns. Other segments to be featured on the broadcast include: Talk Ten Tuesdays News Desk: Timothy Powell, a nationally recognized expert on regulatory matters including the False Claims Act, ZPIC audits, and the OIG, reports on the latest healthcare news. Dateline Washington: Talk Ten Tuesdays legislative analyst Rhonda Taller has the latest news coming out of Washington, D.C. Rhonda is a member of the HIMSS professional development committee. CDI Report: The ICD10monitor contributor Glenn Krauss, the CDI manager at University Health Systems Las Vegas, reports on how CDI supports the revenue cycle. Talk Ten Tuesdays. More than just talk.™ Click here to view handout from Ellen Fink-Samnick on SDoH

Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) is an unusual subtype of lung cancer; medical oncologist Dr. Jack West reviews the evidence on the best systemic therapy to treat advanced, multifocal BAC.

Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) is an unusual subtype of lung cancer; medical oncologist Dr. Jack West reviews the evidence on the best systemic therapy to treat advanced, multifocal BAC.

Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) is an unusual subtype of lung cancer; medical oncologist Dr. Jack West reviews the evidence on the best systemic therapy to treat advanced, multifocal BAC.

Unfortunately, there is as much misinformation as good information about the unusual subtupe of lung cancer known as bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) or adenocarcinoma in situ. Dr. Jack West reviews the top 5 myths.

Unfortunately, there is as much misinformation as good information about the unusual subtupe of lung cancer known as bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) or adenocarcinoma in situ. Dr. Jack West reviews the top 5 myths.

Unfortunately, there is as much misinformation as good information about the unusual subtupe of lung cancer known as bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) or adenocarcinoma in situ. Dr. Jack West reviews the top 5 myths.

Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC), also known as adenocarcinoma in situ, is an unusual subtype of lung cancer with its own appearance under a microscope and on imaging. Dr. Jack West introduces some of the basics of the unique features of BAC.

Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC), also known as adenocarcinoma in situ, is an unusual subtype of lung cancer with its own appearance under a microscope and on imaging. Dr. Jack West introduces some of the basics of the unique features of BAC.

Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC), also known as adenocarcinoma in situ, is an unusual subtype of lung cancer with its own appearance under a microscope and on imaging. Dr. Jack West introduces some of the basics of the unique features of BAC.

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) also called exogenous allergic alveolitis = extrinsic allergic alveolitis in children is an uncommon condition and may not be recognized and treated appropriately. To assess current means of diagnosis and therapy and compare this to recommendations, we used the Surveillance Unit for Rare Paediatric Disorders (ESPED) to identify incident cases of HP in Germany during 2005/6. In addition, cases of HP reported for reference from all over Germany to our center in the consecutive year were included. Twenty-three children with confirmed pediatric HP were identified. All (age 9.4 y (4.4-15.1) presented with dyspnoea at rest or with exercise, mean FVC was 39% of predicted, seven of the 23 children already had a chronic disease state at presentation. IgG against bird was elevated in 20, and against fungi in 15. Bronchoalveolar lavage was done in 18 subjects (41% lymphocytes, CD4/CD8 1.99), and lung biopsy in 6. Except 2, all children were treated with prolonged courses of systemic steroids. Outcome was not favourable in all cases. Late diagnosis in up to a quarter of the children with HP and inappropriate steroid treatment must be overcome to improve management of HP. Inclusion of children with HP into international, web-based registry studies will help to study and follow up such rare lung diseases.

Introduction: Early initiation of appropriate antimicrobial treatment is a cornerstone in managing pneumonia. Because microbiologic processing may not be available around the clock, optimal storage of specimens is essential for accurate microbiologic identification of pathogenetic bacteria. The aim of our study was to determine the accuracy of two commonly used storage approaches for delayed processing of bronchoalveolar lavage in critically ill patients with suspected pneumonia. Methods: This study included 132 patients with clinically suspected pneumonia at two medical intensive care units of a tertiary care hospital. Bronchoalveolar lavage samples were obtained and divided into three aliquots: one was used for immediate culture, and two, for delayed culture (DC) after storage for 24 hours at 4 degrees C (DC4) and -80 degrees C (DC-80), respectively. Results: Of 259 bronchoalveolar lavage samples, 84 (32.4%) were positive after immediate culture with 115 relevant culture counts (>= 10(4) colony-forming units/ml). Reduced (

This slide presentation by medical oncologist and lung cancer expert Dr. Jack West describes the development of current standards and anticipated benefits vs. risks of second line chemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

This slide presentation by medical oncologist and lung cancer expert Dr. Jack West describes the unique clinical, imaging, and treatment response features of advanced bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC), a distinct sybtype of lung adenocarcinoma.

The objective of this study was to evaluate mutual influence of different pathogens in the development of pneumonia and bronchopneumonia in pigs. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of 91 clinically unsuspected and 197 pigs with respiratory problems, were examined. A postmortal examination was done in 128 pigs. In the analysis, M. hyopneumoniae, M. hyorhinis, PRRSV (US-Type), PRRSV (EU-Type), PCV-2, Influenzavirus Type A, α-hämolytic Streptococcus, β-hämolytic Streptococcus, P. multocida, B. bronchiseptica, H. parasuis and A. pleuropneumoniae, were taken into consideration. The pathological-anatomical examination was evaluated with the prospect of the existence of an interstitial, catarrhal-purulent bronchopneumonia and pleuritis. All examined pathogens were found more often in the clinically suspected animals than in the group of clinically unsuspected animals. This difference was significant for α-hämolytic Streptococcus, H. parasuis, M. hyopneumoniae and M. hyorhinis. PCV-2 and α-hämolytic Streptococcus were isolated most frequently in BAL. The pathogen A. pleuropneumoniae was isolated culturally in two cases from BALF. A comparison of detection frequency in different weight groups showed that M. hyopneumoniae, M. hyorhinis, P. multocida and B. bronchiseptica occurred more often in heavier, older animals. H. parasuis occurred most frequently in animals with a body weight of ≤ 7,5 kg. Causal agent associations could be ascertained more frequently in the group of clinically suspected animals than in the group of clinically unsuspected pigs. Remarkably noticeable was that both α-hämolytic Streptococcus as well as M. hyopneumoniae were associated with M. hyorhinis, PRRSV (EU-Type), P. multocida and B. bronchiseptica. These pathogens seemed to favour infections with the above mentioned four causal agents, or that α-hämolytic Streptococcus occurs more when pigs are infection with other pathogens. P. multocida and B. bronchiseptica were both associated significantly with M. hyopneumoniae, α-hämolytic Streptococcus, PRRSV (EU-Type) and PRRSV (US-Type) respectively. Furthermore a correlation of clinical and pathological examinations scores could be seen for M. hyopneumoniae and α-hämolytic Streptococcus. These two agents were isolated more frequently and semi quantitatively more often in BALF, with increasing severity of clinical and pathological-anatomical changes. The importance of multiple infections with different causal agents for the disease picture of pneumonia and bronchopneumonia was analysed. A multiple infection with five or more agents was detected significantly more often in the group of clinically suspected animals than in the group of unsuspected pigs. The number of animals, where two or less than two pathogens were detected in the BALF, was significantly higher in the group of clinically unsuspected pigs than in the group of clinically suspected pigs. The higher the clinical examination score was, the higher were the number of animals, where 5 or more different pathogens could be detected. A similar connection could be seen in the pathological-anatomical examination score. The more different agents were isolated in BALF in one animal, the higher was the average pathological-anatomical examination score. The results of the analysis in weight groups, showed that with an increase in weight, the number of animals with ≥ 5 and ≤ 2 different agents increased. This could be due to the different husbandry systems which could cause an infection with various pathogens. Infections with different pathogens are more likely in exploratations with continuous occupation of animals from different origins. A multiple infection is more unlikely in closed exploratations. BAL can be seen as suitable to diagnose pneumonia or bronchopneumonia in pigs. A cultural and molecular biological evaluation of several samples should be done to enable the initiation of suitable prophylactic and therapeutic measures. A serological examination is given priority, for the detection of A. pleuropneumoniae. Furthermore, taking the semi quantitative evaluation into consideration it is assumed that α-hämolytic Streptococcus have a pathogen meaning. The clinical relevance of the bacteriological enrichment of BALF is useless.

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) liquid of 138 children with different inflammatory lung diseases was examined to determine the magnitude of the oxidative stress in the lungs. The content of protein carbonyls was measured by means of a sensitive dot-blot assay as a parameter of protein oxidation. The oxidative stress was highest in the group of the patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). In these patients direct correlations existed between the magnitude of protein oxidation and the content of neutrophil granulocytes in the BAL as well as a reverse proportionality between lung function and protein oxidation. The pattern of distribution and the sensitivity of different proteins to oxidation were determined in samples with different degree of oxidation by means of the 2-D-electrophoresis. Plasma proteins present in BAL fluid, e.g. albumin and transferrin, were especially sensitive to oxidation. Oxidation of the SP-D primary chain was achieved only by relatively strong oxidation in vitro. In contrast to SP-D, SP-A was very sensitive to the oxidative stress. The influence of antioxidative therapy with inhaled glutathione was examined in CF patients by measurement of protein carbonyls, protein thiols and lipid hydroperoxyds in BAL fluid before and after the therapeutic intervention. GSH inhaled for two weeks had no effect on the parameters assessed. Even if the primary chain of SP-D was very resistant towards oxidative influences, oxidation caused nevertheless clear changes of the macromolecular organization of SP-D. It led to the depolimerisation of the SP-D structure which is usually supported by disulfid bridges. SP-D damaged in this way had lost essential functional properties and was no more capable to agglutinate bacteria. Local oxidative stress plays an important role in different lung diseases in childhood and is especially pronounced in the presence of chronic, neutrophilic inflammation. Successful specific therapeutic interventions are nowadays not easily realized.

Tue, 1 Jan 1985 12:00:00 +0100 https://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9478/1/9478.pdf Bieth, J. G.; Pauli, G.; Boudier, C.; Pelletier, A.; Jochum, Marianne