Khyeltam འཁྱལ་གཏམ།

Discussion on the Epic of Gesar with Khenpo Ju Tenkyong. (Image: Himalayan Art Resources Inc.)Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/khyyl-gtm-khyeltam/donations

A short series on the history of 20th-century China.Intro/Outro theme: Karachal - Alash Ensemble (freemusicarchive.org/music/Alash_Ensemble/)Image: Anonymous. The Qianlong Emperor as an Emanation of the Bodhisattva Manjusri. Thangka, ink, and colors on silk. Palace Museum, Beijing. Presented entirely in keeping with Tibetan Buddhist iconography, this religious painting and others like it reinforced Qianlong's claim to rule as a righteous "wheel-turning king," or chakravartin. © Palace Museum, Beijing.Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/khyyl-gtm-khyeltam/donations

A short series on the history of 20th-century China.Intro/Outro theme: Karachal - Alash Ensemble (freemusicarchive.org/music/Alash_Ensemble/)Image: A Propaganda poster for the Chinese People's Liberation Army, with Red Army and Red Guard members charging forward holding Mao Zedong's Little Red Book. Photograph: GraphicaArtis/Getty ImagesSupport this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/khyyl-gtm-khyeltam/donations

An episode on the final chapter of Marx's Capital Vol. 1 where he delves into the origins of capitalist mode of production, giving an alternate picture of the theory of so-called primitive accumulation. (Image: Cover, Capital - Wordsworth Editions)Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/khyyl-gtm-khyeltam/donations

For this episode we decided to meet and discuss (like Dream and Hob Gadling in The Sandman) at least two new things we had done/learned/found worth thinking about since our last episode. These include questions about language and culture inspired by a trip to Ladakh, digging through the libraries and archives of former imperial powers like England and other European countries for Tibet-related materials (where would Tibet be on the late Queen's Christmas culture property repatriation gift list?), Iranian filmmaker Kiarostami's Koker trilogy and the idea of self-reflexivity in cinema and Tibetan politics. Particularly in Tibetan politics, let us reiterate. Overall, a real khichdi of an episode. All under an hour, we're mighty please to add.Intro/Outro theme: Karachal - Alash Ensemble (freemusicarchive.org/music/Alash_Ensemble/)image: personal Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/khyyl-gtm-khyeltam/donations

In this episode of Khyeltam, we discuss the life of Gendun Chopel (1903-1951), perhaps, one of the foremost modern Tibetan thinkers.Intro/Outro theme: Karachal - Alash Ensemble (freemusicarchive.org/music/Alash_Ensemble/)Image credit: unknownSupport this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/khyyl-gtm-khyeltam/donations

A 'short' episode on the unexpected cultural and historical sights and sounds I encountered on the Annapurna circuit trail in Nepal. Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/khyyl-gtm-khyeltam/donations

In this experimental free-style episode of Khyeltam, I sat down with Palden Sonam to discuss our thoughts on democracy. As will be apparent from the discussion, we began our conversation with no clear sense of how this episode will unfold or if we will decide to upload it. However, given our long, silence our last Khyeltam episode, I have decided to upload this here anyway.Intro/Outro theme: Karachal - Alash Ensemble (freemusicarchive.org/music/Alash_Ensemble/)Image: TendorSupport this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/khyyl-gtm-khyeltam/donations

What is history? How do we know what happened in the past? Can we know the truth of our past? In this episode, Jamyang and I discuss these questions based primarily on E.H Carr's classic work "What is history?" In order to make better sense of Carr's work, we have attempted to use some of the examples from the Tibetan context. The question of what is history is inextricably linked with larger question of can we know the truth? Therefore, perhaps, given you have many hours to waste, one can listen to this episode of Khyeltam along with our second episode (from season 1) on "Roshomon." Intro/Outro theme: Karachal - Alash Ensemble (freemusicarchive.org/music/Alash_Ensemble/)Image: E.H. Carr Source: https://www.newstatesman.com/culture/2019/05/history-according-to-eh-carrSupport this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/khyyl-gtm-khyeltam/donations

This episode is on Conspiracy Theory. It may or may not have been sponsored by the CIA. Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/khyyl-gtm-khyeltam/donations

ཨ་རོགས་ཚོ་བདེ་མོ། མ་མཇལ་ཡུན་རིང་། ལོ་ཕྱེད་ཙམ་ངེད་གཉིས་སོ་སོའི་ལས་གལ་ཆེ་ཆུང་སྣ་ཚོགས་ལ་བྲེལ་རྐྱེན་ལེ་ཚན་གསར་པ་བཅུག་མ་ཐུབ། ད་ལན་གྱི་བརྙན་ཡོད་ལེ་ཚན་འདི་ནི་འཁྱལ་གཏམ་དུས་ཚན་ནམ season གཉིས་པའི་འགོ་འཛུགས་ཀྱི་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་དུ་ཁྱེད་རྣམ་པའི་སྤྱན་ལམ་དུ་འབུལ། འདིའི་ནང་ད་བར་གྱི་ལེ་ཚན་དང་དེ་ལ་མཆན་དང་བསམ་ཚུལ་གང་བྱུང་བ་ལ་བསྐྱར་ཞིབ་དང་མ་འོངས་པའི་ལེ་ཚན་གང་བཟོ་འཆར་ཡོད་པ་སོགས་ཀྱི་སྐོར་ལ་གླེང་ཡོད།So, we decided our hiatus has stretched long enough (and just long enough to justify calling this resumption the season two of our podcast

The modern Chinese empire (PRC) hides its colonial set-up by camouflaging itself as a multi-minzu (nationality/ethnic) nation-state. Central to this discourse is the idea of minzu. However, historically, this is a new concept. What is the origin of the term Minzu? How did the contemporary 56 minzu in China come into being? I discuss these questions and more in this khyeltam short episode on Thomas Mullaney’s book “Coming to terms with the Nation.” Intro/Outro theme: Karachal - Alash Ensemble (freemusicarchive.org/music/Alash_Ensemble/) Image: University of California Press Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/khyyl-gtm-khyeltam/donations

What is public sphere? A dominant liberal answer: a sphere where private individuals, members of a political community, on equal footing engage in reasoned deliberation on matters of public concern to form public opinions on what is public good(s). Such a sphere is fundamental to democracy—a sphere that mediates a relationship between society and state and holds later accountable to the former. What are the problems with this dominant liberal conception of public sphere? Fundamental to democracy is public deliberation but on what and whose terms and conditions are these deliberation taking place? In an actually existing society with unequal distribution of power, who gets heard? Who represents the public? How do subordinate groups reorganize and deliberate their public concerns? We read Jurgen Habermas’s classic work on the public sphere alongside Nancy Fraser’s critical rethinking to discuss these questions and more. Intro/Outro theme: Karachal - Alash Ensemble (freemusicarchive.org/music/Alash_Ensemble/) Image description: Gopal Guru, Dalit social and political theorist, speaking on nationalism in Jawaharlal Nehru University outside the VC's office. Amidst the widespread crackdown on student political activism under the new BJP government in India and the national media proclaiming students in the university as anti-national, the students and professors of the university reorganize themselves outside the University's VC office to debate what is a nation? How should we understand nationalism? In the process, they proclaimed the space as Freedom Square--a site Nancy Fraser might call subaltern public sphere, a site resistance and counter-discourse. Image Credit: still image from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=joTTDAOyPLY&feature=emb_title Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/khyyl-gtm-khyeltam/donations

In the mid-19th century, Gonpo Namgyel, a relatively unknown chief from Nyarong in Kham, rose to power and went on to conquer most of Kham and cause problems for both the Lhasa government and the Qing court. He has been usually depicted as a villain or a bandit in the Tibetan written and oral sources, sometimes called ten-dra (enemy of the faith) but later inducted into the pantheon of Buddhist protectors, and as 'a leader of serf uprising' by Chinese Marxist historians. Yudru Tsomu's book, the subject of this podcast, tries to resolve these contradictory narratives by locating him properly in the context of local history and cultural milieu. At the same time, it provides a useful understanding of the power arrangement that existed between the various polities in Kham and their two neighbouring power centers in Lhasa and Beijing. Intro/Outro theme: Karachal - Alash Ensemble (freemusicarchive.org/music/Alash_Ensemble/) Image: Ruins of Gonpo Namgyal's Caste in Nyarong Source: http://m.zangdiyg.com/article/detail/id/14863.html Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/khyyl-gtm-khyeltam/donations

30. Hum Dekhenge - Faiz ང་ཚོས་བལྟ་ཆོག།༷ ཕེཛ། by Jamyang and Ugyan Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/khyyl-gtm-khyeltam/donations

Is it okay to punch fascists? To deny them a platform to speak? Many liberals and free speech absolutist, I think, would categorically say ‘NO.’ Directly or otherwise, I think, our attitude towards ‘freedom of speech’ and more are shaped by a liberal ideology that takes, often by abstracting from the concrete setting of the relations of power, all political opinions as equally valid or at least “right in their own way” (whatever that means). On freedom of speech, our conventional liberal wisdom suggests that no matter how much we may disagree with someone, we must defend their 'right to speak' at all costs (remember the quote attributed to Voltaire?). If only we don’t live in the society/world where power is disproportionately distributed, and where despite everyone speaking and acting, some speeches and some actions, because of their agents' position in the 'order of things,' have more truth effect. As far as Antifa is concerned, we can (and should) not only deny platforms to Fascists, but can/should also punch, bite, and, if we like, make mean memes about them. Okay, but why? To know more, tune into this long “khyeltam short” episode on ANTIFA :) Intro/Outro theme: Karachal - Alash Ensemble (freemusicarchive.org/music/Alash_Ensemble/) Image: Button Emporium Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/khyyl-gtm-khyeltam/donations

Following up on our recent/ongoing heated community debate on the #BlackLivesMatter protest in the aftermath of police murdering of George Floyd (and more since then), we decided to look briefly into the history of racism in the United States, Civil Rights Movement, the emergence of mass incarceration, and most importantly the changing (not evolving) nature of racism in the post-civil right US. Ofcourse, we couldn't have ignored some of the questions that emerged from the recent/ongoing discussions such as appropriateness of the modes of protest (looting/ violence), Obama & "post-racist" US society, and the never-ending, possibly dead-end question of who owns and can certify/distribute the label “Tibetan" Intro/Outro theme: Karachal - Alash Ensemble (freemusicarchive.org/music/Alash_Ensemble/) Image: https://blacklivesmatter.com/ Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/khyyl-gtm-khyeltam/donations

Tibet's cultural engagement with India stretches back to the ancient past. If it was not for them, we'd be unlettered, uncouth barbarians terrorizing the plains of Central Asia (though Chogyal Namkha'i Norbu would vehemently dispute this extravagant claim.) This trans-Himalayan tryst lasts to this day but instead of Buddhism, we now have Bollywood without which Tibetan weddings would be even duller affairs. So I sat down with our somewhat regular guest Thinley Wangchuk to talk about the history of Hindi cinema (maybe as a way of overcoming our shared trauma about the death of 90s action-flicks, invariably starring Suniel Shetty, brought upon by karva-chauth films of Karan Johar. Image: www.tallengestore.com Track: 'Karachal' - Alash Ensemble Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/khyyl-gtm-khyeltam/donations

Turning our Instagram live discussion on the infamous and often misunderstood "Seventeen point agreement"* into another khyeltam episode. This history, as Tibet historian Tsering Shakya points out, is often marred in polemics and the reality, needless to say, is in some sense, more complex. *The Agreement between the Central People’s Government and the Local Government of Tibet on Measures for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet Intro/Outro theme: Karachal - Alash Ensemble (freemusicarchive.org/music/Alash_Ensemble/) Image: Photo adapted from Claude Arpi’s exhibition Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/khyyl-gtm-khyeltam/donations

A rather whimsical episode in which I begin with the origin of birds, a bit of palaeontology and taxonomy, then birds in the Tibetan oral tradition, and finally end with a pseudo-apologia for birding. Intro/Outro theme: Karachal - Alash Ensemble (freemusicarchive.org/music/Alash_Ensemble/) Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/khyyl-gtm-khyeltam/donations

For this long-planned episode, Ugyan and I finally pick up Gandhi's short but important work Hind Swaraj. Written in 1909, the booklet lays out Gandhi's trenchant critique of Western civilization and a unique blueprint for India's struggle against British rule. Although the white man has (or has been) long relieved off his burden, has India managed to achieve the 'self-rule' that Gandhi envisioned? (If not, is it even achievable?) What about his principles of non-violence and Satyagraha? What relevance do these hold for us in these times? Since Gandhi himself is a topic worthy of a separate episode (if not several) on its own, this turned out to be a long(ish) episode. Please feel free to listen to it in two installments (which makes more sense than us taking two installments to record it.) Intro/Outro theme: Karachal - Alash Ensemble (freemusicarchive.org/music/Alash_Ensemble/) Image: RÜHE, ULLSTEIN BILD/GETTY Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/khyyl-gtm-khyeltam/donations

Bapa Phuntso Wangye, for some, is a great patriot, a revolutionary leader while for others, he is traitor, that also, to paraphrase Jamyang Norbu, a self-delusional and arrogant one. Known popularly for his early conversion to marxism, role in establishing Tibetan Communist Party in 1939, later assisting PLA’s invasion of Tibet, and suffering for 18 years in solitary imprisonment for “local nationalism.” In this episode, Jamyang and I try to dig into his (kind of) autobiographical book to understand what is more to his story and how does it weave into the broader history of 20th century Tibet. . Intro/Outro theme: Karachal - Alash Ensemble (freemusicarchive.org/music/Alash_Ensemble/) Image: https://claudearpi.blogspot.com/2013/01/is-religion-positive-factor-or-poison.html Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/khyyl-gtm-khyeltam/donations

Discussion on Paulo Freire's "Pedagogy of the Oppressed" with Tenzin Pelyoun and Thinley Wangchuk Intro/Outro theme: Karachal - Alash Ensemble (freemusicarchive.org/music/Alash_Ensemble/) Image: Revolution and Ideology https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DmA4sk2mf88 Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/khyyl-gtm-khyeltam/donations

Discussing the ins and outs of Brexit with our new guest discussant Apa Lhamo (JNU). Intro/Outro theme: Karachal - Alash Ensemble (freemusicarchive.org/music/Alash_Ensemble/) Image: AFP Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/khyyl-gtm-khyeltam/donations

What is liberalism? Historically what did the giants of (British) liberal thought has to say on their imperial project? No prize for guessing—most supported the imperial project! Is this simply the case of liberal hypocrisy, and therefore the problem lies in the selective application of the otherwise perfect and universal ideals? Or is there more to the liberal ideology that requires fundamental rethinking? For more such discussion, tune in to this episode of Khyeltam on “Liberalism and Empire.” Intro/Outro theme: Karachal - Alash Ensemble (freemusicarchive.org/music/Alash_Ensemble/) Image: Ytimg Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/khyyl-gtm-khyeltam/donations

Jamyang and I discuss the ongoing issue of Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) and the National Register of Citizens (NRC) Image: The New Indian Express Intro/Outro theme: Karachal - Alash Ensemble (freemusicarchive.org/music/Alash_Ensemble/) Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/khyyl-gtm-khyeltam/donations

With our new guest discussant Thinley Wangchuk. Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/khyyl-gtm-khyeltam/donations

A not-so-short introduction to Amartya Sen's theory of Justice: A Capability Approach Intro/Outro theme: Karachal - Alash Ensemble (freemusicarchive.org/music/Alash_Ensemble/) Illustration: Unnikrishnan Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/khyyl-gtm-khyeltam/donations

Ugyan and I discuss Sontag's famous essay 'In Plato's cave' from her book On Photography. Link to the essay: http://sites.uci.edu/01807w14/files/2014/02/SontagSusan_InPlatosCave.pdf Link to Teju Cole's essay: https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/03/magazine/a-too-perfect-picture.html Image: Gen. Nguyen Ngoc Loan, South Vietnamese chief of the national police, fires his pistol into the head of suspected Viet Cong official Nguyen Van Lem on a Saigon street early in the Tet Offensive, February 1, 1968. Photographer Eddie Adams Intro/Outro theme: Karachal - Alash Ensemble (freemusicarchive.org/music/Alash_Ensemble/) Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/khyyl-gtm-khyeltam/donations

A short episode on the strange world of quantum physics where light and matter sometimes behave like waves, sometimes like particles and where experimental cats are described as being both dead and alive at the same time! ལེ་ཚན་འདིའི་ནང་དངོས་ཁམས་ཚན་རིག་གི་ཡ་མཚན་དགོས་པའི་གནད་འགའ་ཞིག་ག྄ླེང་ཡོད། དཔེར་ན། འོད་དེ་སྐབས་རེ་ར྄ླབས་ཀ྄ྱི་རང་བཞིན་དང་སྐབས་རེ་ཟེགས་མའི་རང་བཞིན་ཡིན་པ། ད་དུང་ཡང་ཤི་གསོན་གཉིས་ཀར་ཡིན་པའི་ཞི་མི་སོགས་ཡོད། Intro/Outro theme: Karachal - Alash Ensemble (freemusicarchive.org/music/Alash_Ensemble/) Image: 'Schrodinger's cat' Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/khyyl-gtm-khyeltam/donations

Another discussion with Gendun Gyatso on "Social Memory" སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་དྲན་པ་ཐོག་བགྲོ་གླེང་དགེ་འདུན་རྒྱ་མཚོ་དང་ལྷན་དུ། Intro/Outro theme: Karachal - Alash Ensemble (freemusicarchive.org/music/Alash_Ensemble/) Image: Tsenpo Trisong Deutsen, the 38th King of Tibetan Empire (755-797/804) བཙན་པོ་ཁྲི་སྲོང་ལྡེ་བཙན། བོད་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་རབས་༣༨་པ། (༧༥༥-༧༩༧/༨༠༤) Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/khyyl-gtm-khyeltam/donations

A discussion with Gendun Gyatso on Ashis Nandy’s “Evaluating Utopias” Mazingira, 1979. རྫོགས་ལྡན་གླིང་གི་ལྟ་གྲུབ་ཐོག་བགྲོ་གླེང་དགེ་འདུན་རྒྱ་མཚོ་དང་ལྷན་དུ། Link to the article: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1pCD1z_8zu3fCkSfxqPWtpawZIwkn0tTg/view?usp=sharing Intro/Outro theme: Karachal - Alash Ensemble (freemusicarchive.org/music/Alash_Ensemble/) Image: Ashis Nandy Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/khyyl-gtm-khyeltam/donations

A discussion with Kaysang and Pelyoun on Gender and Intersectionality སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་མཚན་མའི་དབྱེ་བ་འམ་རྟགས་ཀྱི་དབྱེ་བ་དང་སྣོལ་མཚམས་ཀྱི་ལྟ་ཕྱོགས་ཐོག་བགྲོ་གླེང་བསྟན་འཛིན་བསྐལ་བཟང་དང་བསྟྟན་འཛིན་དཔལ་ཡོན་ལྷན་དུ། Reading: Deborah King's "Multiple jeopardy, multiple consciousness: The context of a Black feminist ideology" (1988). Link to the article https://diversedynamics.files.wordpress.com/2007/01/deborah-king.pdf Intro/Outro theme: Karachal - Alash Ensemble (freemusicarchive.org/music/Alash_Ensemble/) Image: Deborah K. King Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/khyyl-gtm-khyeltam/donations

A discussion with Tenzin Yewong on Pema Tseden's The Silent Holy Stones (2005) and The Search (2009). པདྨ་ཚེ་བརྟན་གྱི་གློག་བརྙན་༼ལྷིང་འཇགས་ཀྱི་མ་ནི་རྡོ་འབུམ།༽དང་༼འཚོལ།༽ཐོག་བགྲོ་གླེང་བསྟན་འཛིན་ཡིད་འོང་དང་ལྷན་དུ། Intro/Outro theme: Karachal - Alash Ensemble (freemusicarchive.org/music/Alash_Ensemble/) Image: A still from 'The Silent Holy Stones' Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/khyyl-gtm-khyeltam/donations

Image: A supermassive black hole at the core of galaxy Messier 87. Intro/Outro theme: Karachal - Alash Ensemble (freemusicarchive.org/music/Alash_Ensemble/) Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/khyyl-gtm-khyeltam/donations

In this rather free-flowing discussion, we share our views on some trends in and challenges to the public space in the Tibetan exile community. བཙན་བྱོལ་ནང་དམངས་ཀྱི་སྡིངས་ཆར་ཉེ་ལམ་འགྱུར་ལྡོག་ཅི་འདྲ་ཞིག་འགྲོ་བཞིན་ཡོད་སྐོར། Intro/Outro theme: Karachal - Alash Ensemble (freemusicarchive.org/music/Alash_Ensemble/) Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/khyyl-gtm-khyeltam/donations

Short episode on the great Russian short-story writer and playwright Anton Chekhov. Intro/Outro theme: Karachal - Alash Ensemble (freemusicarchive.org/music/Alash_Ensemble/) Image: Religious procession in Kursk Province - Ilya Repin Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/khyyl-gtm-khyeltam/donations

As an introduction to my Khyeltam short series on western political ideologies, here I briefly discuss what is ideology? Intro/Outro theme: Karachal - Alash Ensemble (freemusicarchive.org/music/Alash_Ensemble/) Image: The decapitated head of Joseph Stalin statue during the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/khyyl-gtm-khyeltam/donations

ལེ་ཚན་བསྡུས་པ་འདིའི་ནང་བསྟན་རྡོར་གྱི་འོད་སྡེར་༼མ་འགྲོ་༽བསྐྱར་ཞིབ་བྱས་ཡོད། In this first Khyeltam short episode, a review of Tendor's album Madro. Album link: https://tendor.bandcamp.com/releases Intro/Outro theme: Karachal - Alash Ensemble (freemusicarchive.org/music/Alash_Ensemble/) Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/khyyl-gtm-khyeltam/donations

ལེ་ཚན་འདིར་ནིའུ་ཡོག་ཁོ་ལུམ་བི་ཡའི་སློབ་ཆེན་གྱི་ཞིབ་འཇུག་སློབ་མ་བསྟན་འཛིན་ཡིད་འོང་དང་མཉམ་དུ་བོད་རིག་པ་སྤྱི་དང་བྱེ་བྲག་ཏུ་ལོ་རྒྱུས་ཞིབ་འཇུག་སྐོར་ལ་ཁ་བརྡ་བྱས་ཡོད། In this episode, we have Tenzin Yewong, Columbia University, to discuss Tibetology in general and history in particular. Recommended books: 1) Petech's Aristocracy and Government in Tibet 1728-1859 (Publication. 1973)(free download) https://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1973-aristocracy-and-government-in-tibet-1728-1859-by-petech-s-pdf/ 2) Tsomo's The rise of Gönpo Namgyel in Kham: the blind warrior of Nyarong. (Lexington Books, 2014.). Since this book is not available for free, you may read her other works here https://independent.academia.edu/YudruTsomu (Image from Wikipedia) Intro/Outro theme: Karachal - Alash Ensemble (freemusicarchive.org/music/Alash_Ensemble/) Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/khyyl-gtm-khyeltam/donations

ལེ་ཚན་འདིའི་ནང་ཕཱ་རཱན་སིའི་ལྟ་གྲུབ་དང་ལོ་རྒྱུས་སྨྲ་བ་རེ་ནན་གྱིས་༡༨༨༢ ལོར་སྤེལ་བའི་གཏམ་བཤད་"མི་རིགས་ཞེས་པ་དེ་ཅི་ཞིག་ཡིན་"ཐོག་བགྲེ་གླེང་དང་། ཞོར་ལ་དེའི་བརྒྱུད་ནས་ང་ཚོའི་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ནང་ཚང་མའི་ཁ་རྒྱུན་ཐོག་ཡོད་པའི་'བོད་པ་གཙང་མ་'ཞེས་པ་དེ་གང་འདྲ་ཞིག་ལ་གོ་དགོས་ཀྱི་ཡོད་པ་སོགས་ཐོག་ལའང་ཁ་བརྡ་བྱས་ཡོད། བརྙན་པར་ རང་དབང་མའི་མི་མང་འགོ་ཁྲིད་པ། གྲེ་ལ་ཁོ་ར། We discuss E. Renan's 1882 lecture 'What is a nation?' ("Qu'est-ce qu'une nation?") and use his ideas in turn to see if we can understand better what we mean by when we say 'bhoedpa tsangma' ('pure Tibetan'). Image: Liberty Leading the People - Eugène Delacroix Intro/Outro theme: Karachal - Alash Ensemble (freemusicarchive.org/music/Alash_Ensemble/) Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/khyyl-gtm-khyeltam/donations

ཁྱེད་ཀྱིས་བོད་ཀྱི་གནའ་དེང་གི་སྒྱུ་རྩལ་ལ་དོ་སྣང་ཅི་ཙམ་བྱེད་ཀྱི་ཡོད། རིན་ཐང་ག་ཚོད་སྤྲོད་ཀྱི་ཡོད། སྒྱུ་རྩལ་བ་ག་ཚོད་དང་དེའི་བརྩམ་ཆོས་ག་ཚོད་ཅིག་རྒྱུས་མངའ་ཡོད། ལེ་ཚན་གསན་མཁན་འགའ་ནས་བསམ་འཆར་བྱུང་བ་ལྟར་བོད་ཀྱི་དེང་རབས་རི་མོའི་སྒྱུ་རྩལ་ཐོག་ལ་བགྲོ་གླེང་བྱས་ཡོད། སྐུ་མགྲོན་གླེང་རོགས་ནི་ནེ་རུ་སློབ་ཆེན་གྱི་ཞིབ་འཇུག་སློབ་མ་དགེ་འདུན་རྒྱ་མཚོ་ཡིན། བརྙན་པར་ གསལ་བྱེད་སུམ་ཅུ། ནོོར་ཚེ། What is your favorite Tibetan painting or work of art? How many Tibetan painters or artists do you know about? Guest speaker: Gendun Gyatso, Jawaharlal Nehru University (Image: "30 Letters" by Nortse) Intro/Outro theme: Karachal - Alash Ensemble (freemusicarchive.org/music/Alash_Ensemble/) Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/khyyl-gtm-khyeltam/donations

We discuss B.R. Ambedkar's speech (which he actually never delivered)'Annihilation of Caste' as well as Arundhati Roy's introduction to the text. Intro/Outro theme: Karachal - Alash Ensemble (freemusicarchive.org/music/Alash_Ensemble/) Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/khyyl-gtm-khyeltam/donations

Intro/Outro theme: Karachal - Alash Ensemble (freemusicarchive.org/music/Alash_Ensemble/) Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/khyyl-gtm-khyeltam/donations

Link to Orwell's essay: http://orwell.ru/library/articles/elephant/english/e_eleph Intro/Outro theme: Karachal - Alash Ensemble (http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Alash_Ensemble/) Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/khyyl-gtm-khyeltam/donations