Podcasts about Voltaire

Greetings and salutations loyal listeners, welcome to what promises to be another exciting addition to our Sayings on Vol and Risk. To set the table, last year, I did a 5-part series with 25 Sayings. These are concise statements I've wound up using many times over during the course of my career to help myself and others think about market risk. These pitchy proverbs are market maxims that explore the drivers of unanticipated change in asset prices.   With the first 25 saying completed in 2024, I recently added 5 new ones, getting us to 30. This podcast gets us to 35 in total. Hope you enjoy and find interesting. 31. “Risk management suffers from a failure of imagination.”32. “Markets are a never say never business.”33. “Broken markets break down.” ~ Mike O'Rourke, Jones Trading34. “This is not your father's ETF market.”35. “Doubt is not a pleasant condition, but certainty is an absurd one.” ~ Voltaire

Des témoignages d'Elisabeth Badinter, Tobie Nathan, Frédéric Lenormand, Cécile Berly, Chantal Thomas et François Jacob viennent éclairer, chacun à leur manière, la vie et l'œuvre de ce géant de la pensée.

T. Kyle and Brad discuss Pride weekend's kickoff and World Pride 2025, including Jennifer Lopez's headlining set, "First Love" hyperfixation strikes again, Trisha Paytas, Paris Hilton, Heidi Montag at Mighty Hoopla, Wimbledon with Rita Ora, Ashlee Simpon's Las Vegas two-day residency at Voltaire, 'Wicked: For Good,' High Fashion Editorial! featuring Britney's Balenciaga collaboration, Miley Cyrus' sheer moment and 'Something Beautiful' Tribeca Film Festival premiere (and fan drama), Dom Dolla for 'Rolling Stone,' Sachin clocking Nicki MInaj, Christina Aguilera's 15th anniversary of 'Bionic,' new music from Tinashe, Belinda, Marina, Mariah Carey, Rita Ora, the Addison Rae 'Addison' party, her debut performance at The Box, Matchaville moment, and a track-by-track review of the Album of the Year contender. Take a bite of the Big Apple... Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

The distinguished historian Will Durant published a book where he ranked the greatest thinkers ever! See who made the list! If interested, check out my new book series! Here's the first one: A Manifest on Beauty: Reclaim Real Beauty in a Digital Agewww.amazon.com/Manifesto-Beauty-Reclaim-Digital-World/dp/1069510815/

Voltaire Paes Neto, paleontólogo do Museu Nacional, participa do Direto ao Ponto para falar sobre o fóssil encontrado em Santa Cruz, que preenche uma lacuna importante na compreensão sobre a origem dos dinossauros e reforça a relevância científica da região.

Renée Voltaire har gått från att driva café till att bygga ett av Sveriges mest välkända livsmedelsvarumärken. Hennes resa är fylld av passion för hälsa, kreativitet och hållbarhet – och hennes energi smittar av sig. Renée Voltaire delar bland annat: – Hur hon hittade sin passion för mat och hälsa efter en livsomvälvande kollaps – Varifrån hennes inspiration och driv kommer – Hur man bygger ett hållbart varumärke från grunden – Hennes tankar om clean eating och balansen mellan entreprenörskap och hälsa – Hur hon hanterar stress och håller sig motiverad i en hektisk vardag. Och mycket mer. En inspirerande resa som ger dig både energi och idéer – lyssna direkt! I Ordinary People who do Badass Things berättar Sveriges främsta entreprenörer hur de gått från vanliga liv till att skapa landets häftigaste företag och varumärken. Programledare är entreprenören och författaren Gustaf Oscarson. Alla avsnitt och intervjuer hittar du på www.driva-eget.se. Ordinary People who do Badass Things ges ut av We are Business Nordic AB. Vi samlar och skapar världens bästa kunskap, verktyg, inspiration och nätverk inom företagande. Häng med!

Voltaire Paes Neto, paleontólogo do Museu Nacional, participa do Direto ao Ponto para falar sobre o fóssil encontrado em Santa Cruz, que preenche uma lacuna importante na compreensão sobre a origem dos dinossauros e reforça a relevância científica da região.

You have to reinvent yourself every day and don't become disappointed, because progress comes in a series of comebacks. You have to be the comeback kid, because even during one round of Japa, you may have to make 10 comebacks. What to speak of You know, in a lifetime of devotional service, you have to reinvent yourself, start over, make comebacks constantly, and be willing to do that. And that's the way to put together one whole lifetime in which you're on an upward trajectory. And as Prabhupada writes, in the Light of the Bhagavata, missteps may not be detrimental. They may become the pillars to success if we approach with the right attitude. Be humble, and also appreciate devotees who have good qualities. As Voltaire once said, 'When you appreciate the good qualities in others, they become yours. If you're envious of others, you don't get anything. You void the possibility for attaining good qualities in this life.' So, worship devotees. Wherever you see somebody who's more enthusiastic than you, serve that person or appreciate them deeply. And if you keep doing that, especially with devotees, because our main source of advancement is the association of devotees. Find devotees. And it doesn't just mean that there's only one person, there's only Jesus, there's only Muhammad, there's only Prabhupada. Prabhupada is reflected within everyone. In fact, it might be the new person. Lord Caitanya did this in the Jagannath temple, at the Garuda-stambha. He was beholding the beautiful lotus eyes of Lord Jagannath. And an Orissan woman came in and climbed up on the Lord's shoulders, one foot on the Garuda-stambha and one foot on The Lord's shoulder so she could look. She was oblivious to the fact that anybody was standing there, because she was so eager to see The Lord. And then when Govinda, His servant, saw her climb up there, he said, 'Get down! Get down! Get down! Get down! What are you doing?' Mahaprabhu then became aware of what was happening, and He chastised Govinda, not the woman. He said, 'What are you? An uncivilized person?' He said to His servant. 'Don't you recognize the enthusiasm that she has? I wish I had that.' So we should see that in everyone. That's why Sankirtan is a beautiful thing, and the preaching you're doing here is beautiful. Because isn't it when you bring new people into Krishna consciousness, vicariously, you experience what you experienced the first time? ------------------------------------------------------------ To connect with His Grace Vaiśeṣika Dāsa, please visit https://www.fanthespark.com/next-steps/ask-vaisesika-dasa/ ------------------------------------------------------------ Add to your wisdom literature collection: https://iskconsv.com/book-store/ https://www.bbtacademic.com/books/ https://thefourquestionsbook.com/ ------------------------------------------------------------ Join us live on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/FanTheSpark/ Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/sound-bhakti/id1132423868 For the latest videos, subscribe https://www.youtube.com/@FanTheSpark For the latest in SoundCloud: https://soundcloud.com/fan-the-spark ------------------------------------------------------------ #spiritualawakening #soul #spiritualexperience #spiritualpurposeoflife #spiritualgrowthlessons #secretsofspirituality #vaisesikaprabhu #vaisesikadasa #vaisesikaprabhulectures #spirituality #bhaktiyoga #krishna #spiritualpurposeoflife #krishnaspirituality #spiritualusachannel #whybhaktiisimportant #whyspiritualityisimportant #vaisesika #spiritualconnection #thepowerofspiritualstudy #selfrealization #spirituallectures #spiritualstudy #spiritualquestions #spiritualquestionsanswered #trendingspiritualtopics #fanthespark #spiritualpowerofmeditation #spiritualteachersonyoutube #spiritualhabits #spiritualclarity #bhagavadgita #srimadbhagavatam #spiritualbeings #kttvg #keepthetranscendentalvibrationgoing #spiritualpurpose

Bohdan Nahaylo, Chief Editor of Kyiv Post since December 2021, is a British-Ukrainian journalist, author and veteran Ukraine watcher based between Kyiv and Barcelona. He was formerly head of Amnesty International's Soviet Union unit, a senior United Nations official and policy adviser, and Director of Radio Liberty's Ukrainian Service.----------LINKS:https://www.kyivpost.com/authors/12https://www.linkedin.com/in/bohdan-nahaylo-716a935b/https://archive.kyivpost.com/author/bohdannahaylohttps://hromadske.radio/en/persons/bohdan-nahajlo----------SUMMER FUNDRAISERSCar for Ukraine has once again joined forces with a group of influencers, creators, and news observers during this summer. Sunshine here serves as a metaphor, the trucks are a sunshine for our warriors to bring them to where they need to be and out from the place they don't.https://car4ukraine.com/campaigns/summer-sunshine-2025This time, we focus on the 6th Detachment of HUR, 93rd Alcatraz, 3rd Assault Brigade, MLRS systems and more. https://car4ukraine.com/campaigns/summer-sunshine-2025- bring soldiers to the positions- protect them with armor- deploy troops with drones to the positions----------SUPPORT THE CHANNEL:https://www.buymeacoffee.com/siliconcurtainhttps://www.patreon.com/siliconcurtain----------TRUSTED CHARITIES ON THE GROUND:Save Ukrainehttps://www.saveukraineua.org/Superhumans - Hospital for war traumashttps://superhumans.com/en/UNBROKEN - Treatment. Prosthesis. Rehabilitation for Ukrainians in Ukrainehttps://unbroken.org.ua/Come Back Alivehttps://savelife.in.ua/en/Chefs For Ukraine - World Central Kitchenhttps://wck.org/relief/activation-chefs-for-ukraineUNITED24 - An initiative of President Zelenskyyhttps://u24.gov.ua/Serhiy Prytula Charity Foundationhttps://prytulafoundation.orgNGO “Herojam Slava”https://heroiamslava.org/kharpp - Reconstruction project supporting communities in Kharkiv and Przemyślhttps://kharpp.com/NOR DOG Animal Rescuehttps://www.nor-dog.org/home/----------PLATFORMS:Twitter: https://twitter.com/CurtainSiliconInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/siliconcurtain/Podcast: https://open.spotify.com/show/4thRZj6NO7y93zG11JMtqmLinkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/finkjonathan/Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/siliconcurtain----------Welcome to the Silicon Curtain podcast. Please like and subscribe if you like the content we produce. It will really help to increase the popularity of our content in YouTube's algorithm. Our material is now being made available on popular podcasting platforms as well, such as Spotify and Apple Podcasts.

"Während der einen Hälfte unseres Lebens opfern wir die Gesundheit, um Geld zu erwerben, während der andern das Geld, um die Gesundheit zu erlangen, und während der Zeit geht Gesundheit und Leben von dannen". Das hat schon Voltaire (1694 - 1778) vor ein paar Hundert Jahren erkannt. Jan Zeltmann hat als ganz junger Mensch zuwenig auf sich geachtet, danach über falsches Training einiges in seinem Körper ruiniert und dann die Kurve bekommen. Jetzt unterstützt der Unternehmer dabei körperlich und mental fit und gesund zu sein. In diesem Interview nehmen wir dich mit in seine Geschichte und in die Punkte, die du sofort für deine Gesundheit nutzen kannst, damit du nicht die gewonnene Zeit und das verdiente Geld in vollen Wartezimmern und Rehas verbringst, sondern besser in der Umsetzung deiner LebensZiele

L'autrice et scénariste française de BD Catherine Mory est notre invité pour la nouvelle édition augmentée de la BD "L'incroyable Histoire de la Littérature française" (Les Arènes BD). Annie Ernaux, Romain Gary et Nathalie Sarraute entrent ENFIN dans L'Incroyable Histoire de la littérature française ! Savez-vous que : Hugo faisait tourner les tables ? Balzac a pensé devenir cultivateur d'ananas ? Voltaire appelait ses contes des couillonnades ? Pascal a inventé la première calculette ? Baudelaire se teignait les cheveux en vert ? Duras a caché un résistant nommé François Mitterrand ? Au diable statues vermoulues, perruques poussiéreuses et pourpoints défraîchis : L'Incroyable Histoire de la littérature française raconte, à travers des anecdotes truculentes, la vie et les œuvres des plus grands auteurs français du XVIe au XXe siècle. Cet album passionnant s'adresse aussi bien aux novices qu'aux férus de littérature. Il transformera à jamais votre vision des écrivains qui, bien que géniaux, restent avant tout… des êtres humains. Merci pour votre écoute Entrez sans Frapper c'est également en direct tous les jours de la semaine de 16h à 17h30 sur www.rtbf.be/lapremiere Retrouvez l'ensemble des épisodes et les émission en version intégrale (avec la musique donc) de Entrez sans Frapper sur notre plateforme Auvio.be : https://auvio.rtbf.be/emission/8521 Abonnez-vous également à la partie "Bagarre dans la discothèque" en suivant ce lien: https://audmns.com/HSfAmLDEt si vous avez apprécié ce podcast, n'hésitez pas à nous donner des étoiles ou des commentaires, cela nous aide à le faire connaître plus largement. Vous pourriez également apprécier ces autres podcasts issus de notre large catalogue: Le voyage du Stradivarius Feuermann : https://audmns.com/rxPHqEENoir Jaune Rouge - Belgian Crime Story : https://feeds.audiomeans.fr/feed/6e3f3e0e-6d9e-4da7-99d5-f8c0833912c5.xmlLes Petits Papiers : https://audmns.com/tHQpfAm Des rencontres inspirantes avec des artistes de tous horizons. Galaxie BD: https://audmns.com/nyJXESu Notre podcast hebdomadaire autour du 9ème art.Nom: Van Hamme, Profession: Scénariste : https://audmns.com/ZAoAJZF Notre série à propos du créateur de XII et Thorgal. Franquin par Franquin : https://audmns.com/NjMxxMg Ecoutez la voix du créateur de Gaston (et de tant d'autres...) Distribué par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Horiz'ondes 2024, émission 7 : les secrets de Genève Au programme : on plongera dans la vie secrète d'un Voltaire bien plus rock'n'roll qu'on ne l'imagine; on rencontrera une sorcière contemporaine, on tentera de percer les Mystères Mycologiques de la Forêt Genevoise, avec notamment l'amanite des césars; et on vous […] The post Horiz'ondes 2024, émission 7 : les secrets de Genève first appeared on Radio Vostok.

Immerse yourself in captivating science fiction short stories, delivered daily! Explore futuristic worlds, time travel, alien encounters, and mind-bending adventures. Perfect for sci-fi lovers looking for a quick and engaging listen each day.

Show Notes For Matt's pick, he went with the violin-packed sounds of Voltaire Useful Links Voltaire Social Stuff Support us on Patreon Geekade Discord Geekade Facebook Twitter Instagram YouTube Twitch Website Contact Us

L'Eldorado… Un mot qui évoque un lieu fabuleux, une terre de richesses infinies, un paradis perdu. Aujourd'hui encore, on l'utilise pour désigner un endroit rêvé, plein de promesses, souvent lié à la richesse, au bonheur ou à l'espoir d'une vie meilleure. Mais d'où vient ce mythe ? Pourquoi ce mot est-il si chargé d'or et de mystère ?Aux origines : un roi couvert d'orLe mythe de l'Eldorado prend racine au XVIe siècle, lors des grandes explorations espagnoles en Amérique du Sud. Les conquistadors, avides de conquêtes et de richesses, entendent parler d'un roi fabuleux qui, selon les récits indigènes, se couvrait de poussière d'or avant de se baigner dans un lac sacré. Ce roi était surnommé "El Dorado", littéralement "l'homme doré" en espagnol.Ce rituel aurait eu lieu en Colombie, près du lac Guatavita, et appartenait à une tradition des Muiscas, un peuple indigène local. À chaque cérémonie, le roi doré offrait de l'or et des pierres précieuses aux dieux en les jetant dans le lac. De quoi enflammer l'imaginaire des Européens.De l'homme doré à la cité d'orTrès vite, le personnage devient un lieu : Eldorado ne désigne plus un homme, mais une cité fabuleuse, puis un royaume entier où l'or serait aussi abondant que la poussière.Les Espagnols, puis les Anglais, les Allemands et les Portugais, envoient expéditions sur expéditions à la recherche de cet Eldorado, quelque part entre l'Amazonie, les Andes, le Venezuela ou même le Brésil. Des centaines d'hommes périssent dans la jungle, dévorés par la fièvre, les serpents, ou simplement l'épuisement… sans jamais trouver cette fameuse terre d'or.Parmi les plus célèbres chercheurs d'Eldorado, on compte Francisco de Orellana, le premier Européen à descendre le fleuve Amazone, ou Sir Walter Raleigh, qui échouera à deux reprises dans sa quête, mais publiera malgré tout un récit enflammé sur la richesse du royaume de Guyane.Un mythe qui dépasse l'orAu fil du temps, Eldorado devient un symbole : celui d'un espoir démesuré, d'une quête sans fin, parfois tragique. On le retrouve dans la littérature (Voltaire en parle dans Candide), dans les récits d'explorateurs, et aujourd'hui dans les discours politiques ou économiques — on parle par exemple d'Eldorado pétrolier, Eldorado numérique, ou Eldorado écologique.En résumé, Eldorado est moins un lieu réel qu'un mirage. Il raconte notre désir d'ailleurs, de richesse, de bonheur facile… et aussi notre tendance à projeter nos rêves sur des terres inconnues. Un mythe doré, au sens propre comme au figuré. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Le Siècle des Lumières, également connu sous le nom d'âge de la raison, Enlightenment en Angleterre ou Aufklärung en Allemagne, couvre largement le XVIIIe siècle. Imaginez cette époque fascinante où de nouvelles idées bouillonnent, où des philosophes audacieux redéfinissent la politique, la science, et même la société elle-même. Dans cet épisode, nous allons découvrir comment des esprits brillants comme Voltaire, Rousseau et Diderot ont utilisé la puissance de la plume pour défier les rois et les traditions, et comment leurs idées ont allumé la mèche de révolutions.#4eme #2nde #français #lettres #philosophie***T'as qui en Histoire ? * : le podcast qui te fait aimer l'HistoirePour rafraîchir ses connaissances, réviser le brevet, le bac, ses leçons, apprendre et découvrir des sujets d'Histoire (collège, lycée, université)***✉️ Contact: tasquienhistoire@gmail.com***Suivez le podcast sur les réseaux sociaux***Instagram : @tasquienhistoireThreads : @tasquienhistoireTwitter : @AsHistoire Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/TasQuiEnHistoire*** Credits Son ***France 2 / Les Aventures du jeune Voltaire - bande-annoncehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MH6mdswVhT8 @MusopenBach Concerto for 2 Harpsichords in C major, BWV 1061https://musopen.org/music/3505-concerto-for-2-harpsichords-in-c-major-bwv-1061/ Rameau: Les Indes galantes - BBC Proms 2013https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uZtWNZ_U_f8 Hébergé par Ausha. Visitez ausha.co/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Die US-amerikanische Philosophin Susan Neiman über Weltpolitik und Philosophie, von Voltaire bis Donald Trump, und warum sich die Linke statt auf Wokeness auf ihre traditionellen Werte besinnen muss. Die amerikanische Philosophin Susan Neiman springt für die Aufklärung in die Bresche. Die europäische Ideenwelt des 18. Und dann 19.Jahrhunderts von Rousseau, Voltaire, Hegel bis Marx muss das Fundament des Engagements der Linken bleiben, argumentiert sie. Susan Neiman ist von Donald Trump empört, bei dem sie Faschismus ortet. Und sie wendet sich bei der Verteidigung der Aufklärung gegen das postkoloniale Denken und ganz allgemein Wokeness in der akademischen Welt. “Links ist nicht Woke” ist der Titel ihrer jüngsten Streitschrift.Was Susan Neiman darunter versteht und wo Wokeness reaktionär wird, bespricht sie in einer Wiener Vorlesung. Im Gespräch mit dem Journalisten Günter Kaindlstorfer bietet sie einen Parforceritt durch Weltpolitik und Philosophie. Es geht um den französischen Philosophen Foucault und Donald Trump, um die Instrumentalisierung von Antisemitismus und die umstrittene Autorin Judith Butler. Hören Sie das Lob der Aufklärung und warum sich die Linke ihrer traditionellen Werte besinnen muss von der Philosophin Susan Neiman. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

durée : 00:02:43 - Les 80'' - par : Nicolas Demorand - « Il faut cultiver notre jardin ». On connaît la dernière phrase du « Candide » de Voltaire. Plus de deux siècles qu'elle fait l'objet d'interprétations sans fin. Beaucoup l'ont interprété comme une invitation à la sagesse, d'autres à trouver un refuge contre les malheurs du monde.

Brooklyn-based goth-folk duo Charming Disaster's upcoming album The Double—their seventh full-length release—explores the world that exists behind the one we know, featuring songs inspired by nature, mortality, magic, ritual, and literary genres ranging from science fiction to Victorian horror. The new album was co-produced by band members Ellia Bisker and Jeff Morris with longtime collaborator, recording engineer Don Godwin. All but one of the ten tracks were recorded at Tonal Park in Takoma Park, MD, with one song recorded by circus music composer Peter Bufano in Boston, MA. The Double will be released on CD, as a 12-inch colored vinyl LP, and on all digital platforms on May 16, 2025. The vinyl will be released in a 2-disc package that also includes Charming Disaster's 2024 compilation Time Ghost, a collection of singles released over the last decade.   The Double invites listeners to step across the border of an alternate reality, where spells are cast, time travel is possible, plants are taking over civilization, and vampires lurk in the shadows. Adventures in the darkness lie beyond the threshold.   The album's ten songs include “Black Locust,” a lullaby about mortality; “New Moon,” a magical nature ritual; “Trick of the Light,” a reimagining of Bram Stoker's Dracula; “Time Machine,” in which Charming Disaster change the past and start over again; “Scavengers,” a walk in the woods with vultures and bones; “Beautiful Night,” a defiant response to struggles with depression; “Vitriol,” a tribute to artist Thomas Little, who turns guns into ink; “Haunted Lighthouse,” a swashbuckling sea voyage; “Gang of Two,” a true crime adventure; and “Green Things,” a love letter to what grows between the cracks (and its inevitable takeover).   The album features an array of talented collaborators. Co-producer Don Godwin, who has worked on Charming Disaster's entire discography, contributed bass, drums, and horns as well as engineering and mixing. “Haunted Lighthouse” features Broadway percussionist Mike Dobson along with circus composer Peter Bufano, who played piano and accordion and engineered the track at Cirkestra World Headquarters in Boston, MA (with additional tracking at Tonal Park). “Scavengers” features cello recorded by Kate Wakefield of the duo Lung, who also created the string arrangement for “Beautiful Night.” Stefan Zeniuk of Gato Logo contributed saxophone to “Green Things.”   In conjunction with The Double, Charming Disaster is releasing the second edition of their “oracle deck” (similar to a Tarot deck). The Charming Disaster Oracle Deck contains 72 cards (including 12 new cards for the second edition), each representing one of the songs from Charming Disaster's discography. The cards feature illustrations commissioned from more than thirty different artists. The deck can be used as a divination tool, or as a visual accompaniment to Charming Disaster's music. The duo themselves use these cards in their live performances to determine the set through the element of chance.   Charming Disaster was formed by Bisker and Morris in 2012, inspired by the gothic humor of Edward Gorey and Tim Burton, the murder ballads of the American Folk tradition, and the dramatic flair of the cabaret. Together the duo write songs that tell stories about myth, magic, and mortality, using two voices to explore dark narratives and characters with a playfully macabre sensibility.   On their critically acclaimed albums Love, Crime & Other Trouble (2015), Cautionary Tales (2017), and SPELLS + RITUALS (2019), Charming Disaster explored death, crime, folklore, and the occult. On Our Lady of Radium (2022), they turned their attention to science and explored the life and discoveries of pioneering scientist Marie Curie. On Super Natural History (2023), they united the natural world and the metaphysical realm in a musical cabinet of curiosities.   The duo put out two releases in 2024: Time Ghost, an album-length collection of songs released as singles between 2013 and 2024; and Dance Me to the End of Bela Lugosi's Lovesong, an EP of covers paying tribute to a few of the band's influences: Leonard Cohen's “Dance Me to the End of Love,” “Bela Lugosi's Dead” by Bauhaus, and The Cure's “Lovesong.”   In Charming Disaster's live shows, the duo combine vocal harmonies and clever lyrics with ukulele, guitar, and foot percussion, with a cabaret-influenced performance style that straddles the line between concert and theatre and has been described as “haunted vaudeville” (Splice Magazine). Charming Disaster's music has been featured on the spooky hit podcast Welcome to Night Vale. They have opened for legendary cello-rock ensemble Rasputina, Goth icon Voltaire, and Amanda Palmer's punk cabaret duo The Dresden Dolls. Their concerts have captivated audiences across the United States and in Europe. They have appeared alongside storytellers, comedians, fire eaters, puppets, burlesque artists, poets, and circus performers. Recent appearances have included Joe's Pub in NYC, Atlanta's massive pop culture convention Dragon Con, Brooklyn's historic Green-Wood Cemetery, the Rochester Fringe Festival, Philadelphia's Science History Institute, the Edgar Allan Poe Museum in Richmond, VA, Cleveland's WizbangCircus Theatre, and the Coney Island Sideshow stage, as well as sundry bars, art galleries, theatres, bookstores, libraries, train cars, mausoleums, and museums.   LINKS: Website: www.charmingdisaster.com Facebook: www.facebook.com/charmingdisaster Instagram: http://instagram.com/charmingdisasterband YouTube: http://youtube.com/charmingdisasterband Bandcamp: http://charmingdisaster.bandcamp.com Spotify:https://open.spotify.com/artist/1RjkfhamohczSXjFy5WcZh   The Double preorder link: charmingdisaster.bandcamp.com/album/the-double     Tickets : Charming Disaster at The Foundry Cleveland June 5th with Cowboy Princess Brigade https://www.ticketweb.com/event/charming-disaster-cowboy-princess-brigade-the-foundry-tickets/14325923?utm_medium=affiliate&irgwc=1&clickid=yKYzFM2SwxycTOrRPc1Gt0d7UksRjjwhTXGA2E0&camefrom=CFC_BUYAT_219208&impradid=219208&REFERRAL_ID=tmfeedbuyat219208&wt.mc_id=aff_BUYAT_219208&utm_source=219208-Bandsintown&impradname=Bandsintown&ircid=4272   C-Level Pete Francis Tickets : https://www.ticketweb.com/event/peter-francis-of-dispatch-the-winchester-tickets/14338833?utm_source=AllEvents.in&utm_medium=event-discovery-platform&utm_campaign=lakewood-events  

durée : 00:58:46 - Le Cours de l'histoire - par : Xavier Mauduit, Maïwenn Guiziou, Anne-Toscane Viudes - Au 18ᵉ siècle, l'essor de la célébrité est lié au développement d'un espace public. Voltaire, Rousseau, et Marie-Antoinette deviennent des figures publiques connues jusque dans le détail de leur vie privée. Portraits, bustes, et tasses à leur effigie deviennent des objets de consommation populaire. - réalisation : Thomas Beau - invités : Antoine Lilti Historien spécialiste de l'époque moderne et des Lumières, professeur au Collège de France; Guillaume Mazeau Historien spécialiste de la Révolution française, maître de conférences en histoire moderne à l'Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne

Welcome to another short and empowering episode of Monday Motivation, giving you a dose of inspiration as you head into your week... Today, we explore a powerful quote from the French philosopher Voltaire, that bluntly reminds us to focus on our own lives and take responsibility for what we can control: “We must cultivate our own garden.” Three key takeaways you can expect: Discover what it really means to ‘cultivate your own garden’—and how this philosophy applies to your everyday life. Learn five gentle but impactful ways to start tending to your mindset, energy, and habits today. Understand how to protect your peace, set boundaries, and reconnect with what truly matters. Take this opportunity to reflect on how to nurture your inner world and create beauty and meaning - right where you are. As always, I’d LOVE to hear what resonates with you from this episode and what you plan to implement after listening in. So please share and let’s keep the conversation going in the Dream Life Podcast Facebook Group here. Have a wonderful week …and remember, it all starts with a dream

A la fin du XVIIe siècle, le couvent de Moret compte une religieuse noire sur laquelle court une folle rumeur : elle serait de sang royal. C'est le point de départ d'une énigme qui a fasciné des générations d'auteurs, dont le grand Voltaire.Mention légales : Vos données de connexion, dont votre adresse IP, sont traités par Radio Classique, responsable de traitement, sur la base de son intérêt légitime, par l'intermédiaire de son sous-traitant Ausha, à des fins de réalisation de statistiques agréées et de lutte contre la fraude. Ces données sont supprimées en temps réel pour la finalité statistique et sous cinq mois à compter de la collecte à des fins de lutte contre la fraude. Pour plus d'informations sur les traitements réalisés par Radio Classique et exercer vos droits, consultez notre Politique de confidentialité.Hébergé par Ausha. Visitez ausha.co/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

durée : 00:48:13 - Affaires sensibles - par : Fabrice Drouelle, Franck COGNARD - Aujourd'hui, dans Affaires Sensibles, on remonte à nouveau le temps, au siècle des Lumières, avec Voltaire et l'affaire Calas. - réalisé par : Etienne BERTIN

Is GOODNUFF NO Longer your outcome? Are you tired of accepting and giving GOODNUFF? Are you ready to expect more out of yourself and others? Today on Like It Matters Radio Mr. Black is going to be encouraging listeners to RAISE THE BAR. The ‘Bar’ is your standard. Your Bar is the level of quality or attainment, it is an idea or thing used as a measure, norm, or model in comparative evaluations, it can also be considered your BAR; accepted as normal or average. What do you expect from yourself? What is your acceptable level of Commitment? What type of person are you? What type of energy and dedication does that type of person bring? Jim Collins in his book, “Good to Great” explained the dilemma of GOODNUFF. “Good is the enemy of Great. When we have good schools, good businesses, and good government, we are prone to accept that level of quality- GOODNUFF. It was Voltaire that said, “Judge a man by his questions rather than his answers”. Today’s listeners will be questioned about their Bar and their desire! Listeners will learn about the Camel’s Nose, and boiling frogs, and more importantly realize the importance of beliefs, actions and commitments. Tune into Like It Matters Radio for an hour of Power as Mr. Black takes his listeners on a journey to RAISE THE BAR in their personal and professional lives- Like It Matters! Be sure to Like and Follow us on our facebook page!www.facebook.com/limradio Instagram @likeitmattersradioTwitter @likeitmatters Get daily inspiration from our blog www.wayofwarrior.blog Learn about our non profit work at www.givelikeitmatters.com Check out our training website www.LikeItMatters.Net Always available online at www.likeitmattersradio.comSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In Locust Radio episode #30, Tish Turl interviews fellow Locust comrade, Adam Turl, on their new book, Gothic Capitalism: Art Evicted from Heaven and Earth (Revol Press, May 2, 2025). You can order the book from Revol Press, Amazon, or find it at other booksellers.Artists, ideas, books, writers, artworks and other stuff discussed in this episode: Adam Turl, Gothic Capitalism: Art Evicted from Heaven and Earth (Revol Press 2025); Ernst Fischer, The Necessity of Art (Verso, 2020); Boris Groys, “The Weak Universalism,” e-flux (2010); Walter Benjamin, “The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction” (1936); Walter Benjamin, “Theses on History” (1940); John Berger, Ways of Seeing (1972); Mark Fisher, Capitalist Realism: Is There No Alternative (2009); Mark Fisher, Flatline Constructs: Gothic Materialism and Cybernetic Theory-Fiction (2018); Donna Harraway, “A Cyborg Manifesto” (1985); Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The Communist Manifesto (1848); Rena Rädle & Vladan Jeremić; Joseph Beuys; John Heartfield; Anupam Roy; Richard Hamilton; R. Faze; Born Again Labor Museum; Amiri Baraka; Omnia Sol; Sister Wife Sex Strike; Dada; Judy Jordan; Bertolt Brecht; Claire Bishop; The Sublime; “Third Places;” Fluxus; Abstract Expressionism; The Sopranos; The Wire; Surrealism; Charlie Jane Anders; Emily St. John Mandel; Pier Paolo Pasolini, La Ricotta (1963) and The Hawks and the Sparrows (1966); Boots Riley; Federal Arts Project; Luis Buñuel, The Exterminating Angel (1962); The Artists Union; Voltaire, Candide (1759); Gabriel García Márquez, One Hundred Years of Solitude (1967); Public Enemy, Fear of a Black Planet (1989); Beethoven, Symphony #9 (1822-1824); Sam Esmail, Leave the World Behind (2023); David Cronenberg, Videodrome (1983); Richard Seymour, Disaster Nationalism (2024)Produced by Tish Turl, Adam Turl, Omnia Sol and Alexander Billet. Theme by Omnia Sol, Drew Franzblau and Adam Turl. Hosts include Tish Turl, Laura Fair-Schulz and Adam Turl.

Toxic positivity is a such a buzzword at the moment – but it's not a new phenomenon. Voltaire was viciously skewering it over 300 years ago.  Join show regular, Kandas Rodarte + I as we get into what exactly it is + why you want to avoid it. We also touch on toxic forgiveness, what we can learn from the final line of the book, a quick story on the only time I've won a literary throwdown + possibly the world's most nerdy economic joke. It's all going on.  Look for more shows in the Unpopular Opinions strand - where I encourage guests to have a bit of a rant + invite you to question the conventional wisdom. Books discussed in this episode: Candide – Voltaire Kandas' Website: kandasrodarte.com Kandas' Podcast: Gratitude Geek Kandas' YouTube: here ==== If you'd like my help with your Business go to www.lizscully.com/endlessClients ==== And don't forget to get your reading list of the 10 essential reads for every successful biz owner - these are the books Liz recommends almost on the daily to her strategy + Mastermind clients. This isn't your usual list of biz books, these answer the challenges you've actually got coming up right now. Helpful, quick to read and very timely. Click here lizscully.com/reading to get your book list

So after some digging it seems our boy Voltaire didn't actually say "I wholly disapprove of what you say—and will defend to the death your right to say it.".....it's an aphorism from a book written over 100 years ago, a Voltarianism one could say, but the principle remains, so I get into the Kneecap debate even more in this episode, asking where have all the people been for the last few years on the debate who are now posting IstandwithKneecap? as governments brought in more stringent speech codes and plenty of other bands fell foul of censorship and cancellation? so is it all just tribal? and do they have the right to say as they please? let's get into it....and the complex conundrums involved in analysing it......Primordial cds/lps available fromhttps://www.metalblade.com/primordial/http://www.patreon.com/AlanAverillMy Youtube channelhttps://www.youtube.com/@AlanAverillNemtheangahead over there and subscribePrimordial on Spotifyhttps://open.spotify.com/artist/0BZr6WHaejNA63uhZZZZek?si=yFFV8ypSSDOESUX62_0TzQsponsored by Metal Blade recordshttps://metalblade.indiemerch.com/promo code AA 2024 for 10% off your order ships worldwideFor info on my work as a booking agent go to:https://www.facebook.com/DragonProductionsOfficialor emailalan@dragon-productions.comI made some very brutal old school death metal right hereVERMINOUS SERPENThttps://open.spotify.com/artist/54Wpl9JD0Zn4rhpBvrN2Oa?si=zOjIulHXS5y9lW1YHMhgTACheck out my other doom bandDREAD SOVEREIGNhttps://open.spotify.com/artist/60HY4pl0nbOrZA6u2QnqDN?si=sxQ5_1htR6G3WIvy1I_wXAand take a listen to some old school electro goth I madeAPRILMENhttps://open.spotify.com/artist/7GzLO1YJClmN5TvV4A37MJ?si=cRXSk24lQKWSqJG-B8KbWQSupport this show http://supporter.acast.com/agitators-anonymous-the-alan-averill-podcast. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Philippe Legrand échange avec l'académicien Jean-Marie Roy sur l'affaire Calas. En 1762, Jean Calas, protestant, est injustement condamné pour le meurtre de son fils. Voltaire se battra pour réhabiliter son innocence. Roy retrace cette erreur judiciaire et réfléchit sur la justice et le rôle des écrivains engagés, de Voltaire à Zola. Un épisode émouvant et éclairant sur la défense des droits.Notre équipe a utilisé un outil d'Intelligence artificielle via les technologies d'Audiomeans© pour accompagner la création de ce contenu écrit.Distribué par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

This is a free preview of a paid episode. To hear more, visit wisdomofcrowds.liveThis episode is a bit “meta”: it's about what it means to keep an open mind, how to trust your conscience, why we should all avoid groupthink, and the phenomenon of “self silencing” — keeping your views to yourself when you're afraid it might be too costly to say them out loud. But of course, this being Wisdom of Crowds, we link these meta-topics to the politics of the day. Jenara Nerenberg is a journalist, producer, speaker, and founder of the Neurodiversity Project, which hosts bestselling authors in the arts and sciences who push for “innovation in research and media.” In her work, Jenara applies insights from psychology and public health to question of free speech and the exchange of ideas. Her new book is titled, Trust Your Mind: Embracing Nuance in a World of Self Silencing. You can see why we are excited to have her on Wisdom of Crowds.“I don't think that self silencing is inherently bad,” Jenara says, “but I think that we want everyone to be empowered to know that many people are conditioned to fall into self silencing and they're not doing it consciously.” The goal is to help people become free thinkers. Instead, groupthink and ideology are the default for many people, because “people who are high in self uncertainty are drawn into something with clear boundaries and sense of belonging.” But if you want to think freely, you have to do the work.Shadi Hamid brings up politics. Where we wrong to focus so much on cancel culture on the Left, given the recent suppression of free speech on the Right? “Right has no respect for free speech, they were pretending,” Shadi says. “It was a pretext, they used the language of free speech as a cudgel.” Samuel Kimbriel agrees that the Right is using “the power of the sword” to suppress speech.Apart from the necessary political protection of speech, however, Jenara argues that free speech requires a particular disposition of personal character: “My book and my thinking are really about how do we see each other as human again? And that's where we went wrong with this sort of excessive focus on labels and categories and check boxes.”In our bonus section for paid subscribers, Jenara talks about whether it's possible to be emotionally attached to the principle of freedom of free speech and open inquiry (as opposed to a particular point of view); Sam discusses “infinite proceduralism” and why we need to accept the truth once it's been identified; Jenara talks about growing up in a very unique San Francisco “bubble”; Shadi ponders when it is appropriate to cut people off whose opinions disturb you; and Jenara discusses gendered conversations and people-pleasing.Required Reading:* Jenara's book, Trust Your Mind: Embracing Nuance in a World of Self-Silencing (Amazon). * Jenara's initiative, the Neurodiversity Project (divergentlit).* “A Letter for Justice and Open Debate” (Harper's).* “ ‘Have the courage to use your own understanding,' is therefore the motto of the Enlightenment.” Immanuel Kant, “What is Enlightenment?” (Columbia).* Agnes Callard on keeping an open mind (New York Times). * Voltaire on free speech (The Guardian). * Ross Barkan, “How Anti-Woke Went Intellectually Bankrupt” (New York).* About Darryl Davis: “How One Man Convinced 200 Ku Klux Klan Members To Give Up Their Robes” (NPR).This post is part of our collaboration with the University of Pittsburgh's Center for Governance and Markets.Free preview video:Full video for paid subscribers below:

"The struggle is the cost of admission. It is the price of doing business." - Stephen MarcheStephen Marche: On Writing, Failure, and the Enduring Struggle of the Creative Life

Etymologie, ouïe du criquet, emoji et création de la Croix-Rouge, voici quelques-uns des thèmes abordés en ce jour, mais quel binôme Sylvie/ Olivier Fraipont ou Sébastien/Corentin Candi réussira à répondre le plus et mieux possibles aux questions de Walid?! On explore également une nouvelle facette de la région en partant à la d'un homme hors du commun : un homme qui n'a pas seulement préservé la mémoire de la vie rurale, mais qui l'a mise en scène aussi. À 80 ans, il continue à fabriquer des machines, il a construit un musée de ses propres mains, et il invente sans cesse et surtout sans jamais ralentir. À ses côtés, un directeur engagé qui veille à faire vivre ce lieu unique à Cul-des-Sarts, à en faire un lieu d'accueil, de transmission, de rencontres. Ces 2 personnalités couvinoises sont David Inconstant, directeur du Musée de la vie rurale, et Fernand Platbrood, son créateur et inventeur. https://tourisme-couvin.be/project/maison-des-curiosites/ Merci pour votre écoute Salut les copions, c'est également en direct tous les jours de la semaine de 16h à 17h sur www.rtbf.be/lapremiere Retrouvez tous les épisodes de Salut les copions sur notre plateforme Auvio.be : https://auvio.rtbf.be/emission/19688 Et si vous avez apprécié ce podcast, n'hésitez pas à nous donner des étoiles ou des commentaires, cela nous aide à le faire connaître plus largement. Distribué par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

# Jeden Tag ein Set Podcast 123 # by Pascale Voltaire Pascale Voltaire, ein aufstrebender DJ und Produzent im Bereich meldodic House und Techno, hat sich in der internationalen Clubszene einen Namen gemacht. Seine jüngsten Veröffentlichungen auf Pretty Pinks Label "Deep Woods" sowie auf dem Berliner Imprint "Deep Tales" erhielten Unterstützung von renommierten Künstlern wie Guy J, Oostil, Animal Trainer, Sezer Uysal und Jonas Saalbach. Mit seinem eigenen Label SPEECHLESS prägt Voltaire seit einem Jahrzehnt die elektronische Musiklandschaft. Anlässlich des 10-jährigen Jubiläums plant er eine Europa-Tour, die unter anderem ein Day 'n' Night Open Air und eine Klubnacht in Berlin umfasst Für die neuste Ausgabe des Jeden Tag ein Set-Podcasts hat Pascal Voltaire sein all night long-Set im Klub Klaus aufgenommen. In dem Züricher Club stand er bereits das 12. Mal für einen „Allnighter“ an den Decks. Viel Spaß mit 6h Pascale Volatire! Mehr Sets gibt es auf www.JedenTagEinSet.de Pascale Voltaire findet ihr unter @pascale-voltaire Tipp: Ihr findet den Podcast auch bei Apple Podcasts!

So what, exactly, was “The Enlightenment”? According to the Princeton historian David A. Bell, it was an intellectual movement roughly spanning the early 18th century through to the French Revolution. In his Spring 2025 Liberties Quarterly piece “The Enlightenment, Then and Now”, Bell charts the Enlightenment as a complex intellectual movement centered in Paris but with hubs across Europe and America. He highlights key figures like Montesquieu, Voltaire, Kant, and Franklin, discussing their contributions to concepts of religious tolerance, free speech, and rationality. In our conversation, Bell addresses criticisms of the Enlightenment, including its complicated relationship with colonialism and slavery, while arguing that its principles of freedom and reason remain relevant today. 5 Key Takeaways* The Enlightenment emerged in the early 18th century (around 1720s) and was characterized by intellectual inquiry, skepticism toward religion, and a growing sense among thinkers that they were living in an "enlightened century."* While Paris was the central hub, the Enlightenment had multiple centers including Scotland, Germany, and America, with thinkers like Voltaire, Rousseau, Kant, Hume, and Franklin contributing to its development.* The Enlightenment introduced the concept of "society" as a sphere of human existence separate from religion and politics, forming the basis of modern social sciences.* The movement had a complex relationship with colonialism and slavery - many Enlightenment thinkers criticized slavery, but some of their ideas about human progress were later used to justify imperialism.* According to Bell, rather than trying to "return to the Enlightenment," modern society should selectively adopt and adapt its valuable principles of free speech, religious tolerance, and education to create our "own Enlightenment."David Avrom Bell is a historian of early modern and modern Europe at Princeton University. His most recent book, published in 2020 by Farrar, Straus and Giroux, is Men on Horseback: The Power of Charisma in the Age of Revolution. Described in the Journal of Modern History as an "instant classic," it is available in paperback from Picador, in French translation from Fayard, and in Italian translation from Viella. A study of how new forms of political charisma arose in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the book shows that charismatic authoritarianism is as modern a political form as liberal democracy, and shares many of the same origins. Based on exhaustive research in original sources, the book includes case studies of the careers of George Washington, Napoleon Bonaparte, Toussaint Louverture and Simon Bolivar. The book's Introduction can be read here. An online conversation about the book with Annette Gordon-Reed, hosted by the Cullman Center of the New York Public Library, can be viewed here. Links to material about the book, including reviews in The New York Review of Books, The Guardian, Harper's, The New Republic, The Nation, Le Monde, The Los Angeles Review of Books and other venues can be found here. Bell is also the author of six previous books. He has published academic articles in both English and French and contributes regularly to general interest publications on a variety of subjects, ranging from modern warfare, to contemporary French politics, to the impact of digital technology on learning and scholarship, and of course French history. A list of his publications from 2023 and 2024 can be found here. His Substack newsletter can be found here. His writings have been translated into French, Spanish, Portuguese, Chinese, Hebrew, Swedish, Polish, Russian, German, Croatian, Italian, Turkish and Japanese. At the History Department at Princeton University, he holds the Sidney and Ruth Lapidus Chair in the Era of North Atlantic Revolutions, and offers courses on early modern Europe, on military history, and on the early modern French empire. Previously, he spent fourteen years at Johns Hopkins University, including three as Dean of Faculty in its School of Arts and Sciences. From 2020 to 2024 he served as Director of the Shelby Cullom Davis Center for Historical Studies at Princeton. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and a corresponding fellow of the British Academy. Bell's new project is a history of the Enlightenment. A preliminary article from the project was published in early 2022 by Modern Intellectual History. Another is now out in French History.Named as one of the "100 most connected men" by GQ magazine, Andrew Keen is amongst the world's best known broadcasters and commentators. In addition to presenting the daily KEEN ON show, he is the host of the long-running How To Fix Democracy interview series. He is also the author of four prescient books about digital technology: CULT OF THE AMATEUR, DIGITAL VERTIGO, THE INTERNET IS NOT THE ANSWER and HOW TO FIX THE FUTURE. Andrew lives in San Francisco, is married to Cassandra Knight, Google's VP of Litigation & Discovery, and has two grown children. FULL TRANSCRIPTAndrew Keen: Hello everybody, in these supposedly dark times, the E word comes up a lot, the Enlightenment. Are we at the end of the Enlightenment or the beginning? Was there even an Enlightenment? My guest today, David Bell, a professor of history, very distinguished professor of history at Princeton University, has an interesting piece in the spring issue of It is One of our, our favorite quarterlies here on Keen on America, Bell's piece is The Enlightenment Then and Now, and David is joining us from the home of the Enlightenment, perhaps Paris in France, where he's on sabbatical hard life. David being an academic these days, isn't it?David Bell: Very difficult. I'm having to suffer the Parisian bread and croissant. It's terrible.Andrew Keen: Yeah. Well, I won't keep you too long. Is Paris then, or France? Is it the home of the Enlightenment? I know there are many Enlightenments, the French, the Scottish, maybe even the English, perhaps even the American.David Bell: It's certainly one of the homes of the Enlightenment, and it's probably the closest that the Enlightened had to a center, absolutely. But as you say, there were Edinburgh, Glasgow, plenty of places in Germany, Philadelphia, all those places have good claims to being centers of the enlightenment as well.Andrew Keen: All the same David, is it like one of those sports games in California where everyone gets a medal?David Bell: Well, they're different metals, right, but I think certainly Paris is where everybody went. I mean, if you look at the figures from the German Enlightenment, from the Scottish Enlightenment from the American Enlightenment they all tended to congregate in Paris and the Parisians didn't tend to go anywhere else unless they were forced to. So that gives you a pretty good sense of where the most important center was.Andrew Keen: So David, before we get to specifics, map out for us, because everyone is perhaps as familiar or comfortable with the history of the Enlightenment, and certainly as you are. When did it happen? What years? And who are the leaders of this thing called the Enlightenment?David Bell: Well, that's a big question. And I'm afraid, of course, that if you ask 10 historians, you'll get 10 different answers.Andrew Keen: Well, I'm only asking you, so I only want one answer.David Bell: So I would say that the Enlightenment really gets going around the first couple of decades of the 18th century. And that's when people really start to think that they are actually living in what they start to call an Enlightenment century. There are a lot of reasons for this. They are seeing what we now call the scientific revolution. They're looking at the progress that has been made with that. They are experiencing the changes in the religious sphere, including the end of religious wars, coming with a great deal of skepticism about religion. They are living in a relative period of peace where they're able to speculate much more broadly and daringly than before. But it's really in those first couple of decades that they start thinking of themselves as living in an enlightened century. They start defining themselves as something that would later be called the enlightenment. So I would say that it's, really, really there between maybe the end of the 17th century and 1720s that it really gets started.Andrew Keen: So let's have some names, David, of philosophers, I guess. I mean, if those are the right words. I know that there was a term in French. There is a term called philosoph. Were they the founders, the leaders of the Enlightenment?David Bell: Well, there is a... Again, I don't want to descend into academic quibbling here, but there were lots of leaders. Let me give an example, though. So the year 1721 is a remarkable year. So in the year, 1721, two amazing events happened within a couple of months of each other. So in May, Montesquieu, one of the great philosophers by any definition, publishes his novel called Persian Letters. And this is an incredible novel. Still, I think one of greatest novels ever written, and it's very daring. It is the account, it is supposedly a an account written by two Persian travelers to Europe who are writing back to people in Isfahan about what they're seeing. And it is very critical of French society. It is very of religion. It is, as I said, very daring philosophically. It is a product in part of the increasing contact between Europe and the rest of the world that is also very central to the Enlightenment. So that novel comes out. So it's immediately, you know, the police try to suppress it. But they don't have much success because it's incredibly popular and Montesquieu doesn't suffer any particular problems because...Andrew Keen: And the French police have never been the most efficient police force in the world, have they?David Bell: Oh, they could be, but not in this case. And then two months later, after Montesquieu published this novel, there's a German philosopher much less well-known than Montesqiu, than Christian Bolz, who is a professor at the Universität Haller in Prussia, and he gives an oration in Latin, a very typical university oration for the time, about Chinese philosophy, in which he says that the Chinese have sort of proved to the world, particularly through the writings of Confucius and others, that you can have a virtuous society without religion. Obviously very controversial. Statement for the time it actually gets him fired from his job, he has to leave the Kingdom of Prussia within 48 hours on penalty of death, starts an enormous controversy. But here are two events, both of which involving non-European people, involving the way in which Europeans are starting to look out at the rest of the world and starting to imagine Europe as just one part of a larger humanity, and at the same time they are starting to speculate very daringly about whether you can have. You know, what it means to have a society, do you need to have religion in order to have morality in society? Do you need the proper, what kind of government do you need to to have virtuous conduct and a proper society? So all of these things get, you know, really crystallize, I think, around these two incidents as much as anything. So if I had to pick a single date for when the enlightenment starts, I'd probably pick that 1721.Andrew Keen: And when was, David, I thought you were going to tell me about the earthquake in Lisbon, when was that earthquake?David Bell: That earthquake comes quite a bit later. That comes, and now historians should be better with dates than I am. It's in the 1750s, I think it's the late 1750's. Again, this historian is proving he's getting a very bad grade for forgetting the exact date, but it's in 1750. So that's a different kind of event, which sparks off a great deal of commentary, because it's a terrible earthquake. It destroys most of the city of Lisbon, it destroys other cities throughout Portugal, and it leads a lot of the philosophy to philosophers at the time to be speculating very daringly again on whether there is any kind of real purpose to the universe and whether there's any kind divine purpose. Why would such a terrible thing happen? Why would God do such a thing to his followers? And certainly VoltaireAndrew Keen: Yeah, Votav, of course, comes to mind of questioning.David Bell: And Condit, Voltaire's novel Condit gives a very good description of the earthquake in Lisbon and uses that as a centerpiece. Voltair also read other things about the earthquake, a poem about Lisbon earthquake. But in Condit he gives a lasting, very scathing portrait of the Catholic Church in general and then of what happens in Portugal. And so the Lisbon Earthquake is certainly another one of the events, but it happens considerably later. Really in the middle of the end of life.Andrew Keen: So, David, you believe in this idea of the Enlightenment. I take your point that there are more than one Enlightenment in more than one center, but in broad historical terms, the 18th century could be defined at least in Western and Northern Europe as the period of the Enlightenment, would that be a fair generalization?David Bell: I think it's perfectly fair generalization. Of course, there are historians who say that it never happened. There's a conservative British historian, J.C.D. Clark, who published a book last summer, saying that the Enlightenment is a kind of myth, that there was a lot of intellectual activity in Europe, obviously, but that the idea that it formed a coherent Enlightenment was really invented in the 20th century by a bunch of progressive reformers who wanted to claim a kind of venerable and august pedigree for their own reform, liberal reform plans. I think that's an exaggeration. People in the 18th century defined very clearly what was going on, both people who were in favor of it and people who are against it. And while you can, if you look very closely at it, of course it gets a bit fuzzy. Of course it's gets, there's no single, you can't define a single enlightenment project or a single enlightened ideology. But then, I think people would be hard pressed to define any intellectual movement. You know, in perfect, incoherent terms. So the enlightenment is, you know by compared with almost any other intellectual movement certainly existed.Andrew Keen: In terms of a philosophy of the Enlightenment, the German thinker, Immanuel Kant, seems to be often, and when you describe him as the conscience or the brain or a mixture of the conscience and brain of the enlightenment, why is Kant and Kantian thinking so important in the development of the Enlightenment.David Bell: Well, that's a really interesting question. And one reason is because most of the Enlightenment was not very rigorously philosophical. A lot of the major figures of the enlightenment before Kant tended to be writing for a general public. And they often were writing with a very specific agenda. We look at Voltaire, Diderot, Rousseau. Now you look at Adam Smith in Scotland. We look David Hume or Adam Ferguson. You look at Benjamin Franklin in the United States. These people wrote in all sorts of different genres. They wrote in, they wrote all sorts of different kinds of books. They have many different purposes and very few of them did a lot of what we would call rigorous academic philosophy. And Kant was different. Kant was very much an academic philosopher. Kant was nothing if not rigorous. He came at the end of the enlightenment by most people's measure. He wrote these very, very difficult, very rigorous, very brilliant works, such as The Creek of Pure Reason. And so, it's certainly been the case that people who wanted to describe the Enlightenment as a philosophy have tended to look to Kant. So for example, there's a great German philosopher and intellectual historian of the early 20th century named Ernst Kassirer, who had to leave Germany because of the Nazis. And he wrote a great book called The Philosophy of the Enlightened. And that leads directly to Immanuel Kant. And of course, Casir himself was a Kantian, identified with Kant. And so he wanted to make Kant, in a sense, the telos, the end point, the culmination, the fulfillment of the Enlightenment. But so I think that's why Kant has such a particularly important position. You're defining it both ways.Andrew Keen: I've always struggled to understand what Kant was trying to say. I'm certainly not alone there. Might it be fair to say that he was trying to transform the universe and certainly traditional Christian notions into the Enlightenment, so the entire universe, the world, God, whatever that means, that they were all somehow according to Kant enlightened.David Bell: Well, I think that I'm certainly no expert on Immanuel Kant. And I would say that he is trying to, I mean, his major philosophical works are trying to put together a system of philosophical thinking which will justify why people have to act morally, why people act rationally, without the need for Christian revelation to bolster them. That's a very, very crude and reductionist way of putting it, but that's essentially at the heart of it. At the same time, Kant was very much aware of his own place in history. So Kant didn't simply write these very difficult, thick, dense philosophical works. He also wrote things that were more like journalism or like tablets. He wrote a famous essay called What is Enlightenment? And in that, he said that the 18th century was the period in which humankind was simply beginning to. Reach a period of enlightenment. And he said, he starts the essay by saying, this is the period when humankind is being released from its self-imposed tutelage. And we are still, and he said we do not yet live in the midst of a completely enlightened century, but we are getting there. We are living in a century that is enlightening.Andrew Keen: So the seeds, the seeds of Hegel and maybe even Marx are incant in that German thinking, that historical thinking.David Bell: In some ways, in some ways of course Hegel very much reacts against Kant and so and then Marx reacts against Hegel. So it's not exactly.Andrew Keen: Well, that's the dialectic, isn't it, David?David Bell: A simple easy path from one to the other, no, but Hegel is unimaginable without Kant of course and Marx is unimagineable without Hegel.Andrew Keen: You note that Kant represents a shift in some ways into the university and the walls of the universities were going up, and that some of the other figures associated with the the Enlightenment and Scottish Enlightenment, human and Smith and the French Enlightenment Voltaire and the others, they were more generalist writers. Should we be nostalgic for the pre-university period in the Enlightenment, or? Did things start getting serious once the heavyweights, the academic heavyweighs like Emmanuel Kant got into this thing?David Bell: I think it depends on where we're talking about. I mean, Adam Smith was a professor at Glasgow in Edinburgh, so Smith, the Scottish Enlightenment was definitely at least partly in the universities. The German Enlightenment took place very heavily in universities. Christian Vodafoy I just mentioned was the most important German philosopher of the 18th century before Kant, and he had positions in university. Even the French university system, for a while, what's interesting about the French University system, particularly the Sorbonne, which was the theology faculty, It was that. Throughout the first half of the 18th century, there were very vigorous, very interesting philosophical debates going on there, in which the people there, particularly even Jesuits there, were very open to a lot of the ideas we now call enlightenment. They were reading John Locke, they were reading Mel Pench, they were read Dekalb. What happened though in the French universities was that as more daring stuff was getting published elsewhere. Church, the Catholic Church, started to say, all right, these philosophers, these philosophies, these are our enemies, these are people we have to get at. And so at that point, anybody who was in the university, who was still in dialog with these people was basically purged. And the universities became much less interesting after that. But to come back to your question, I do think that I am very nostalgic for that period. I think that the Enlightenment was an extraordinary period, because if you look between. In the 17th century, not all, but a great deal of the most interesting intellectual work is happening in the so-called Republic of Letters. It's happening in Latin language. It is happening on a very small circle of RUD, of scholars. By the 19th century following Kant and Hegel and then the birth of the research university in Germany, which is copied everywhere, philosophy and the most advanced thinking goes back into the university. And the 18th century, particularly in France, I will say, is a time when the most advanced thought is being written for a general public. It is being in the form of novels, of dialogs, of stories, of reference works, and it is very, very accessible. The most profound thought of the West has never been as accessible overall as in the 18 century.Andrew Keen: Again, excuse this question, it might seem a bit naive, but there's a lot of pre-Enlightenment work, books, thinking that we read now that's very accessible from Erasmus and Thomas More to Machiavelli. Why weren't characters like, or are characters like Erasmuus, More's Utopia, Machiavell's prints and discourses, why aren't they considered part of the Enlightenment? What's the difference between? Enlightened thinkers or the supposedly enlightened thinkers of the 18th century and thinkers and writers of the 16th and 17th centuries.David Bell: That's a good question, you know, I think you have to, you, you know, again, one has to draw a line somewhere. That's not a very good answer, of course. All these people that you just mentioned are, in one way or another, predecessors to the Enlightenment. And of course, there were lots of people. I don't mean to say that nobody wrote in an accessible way before 1700. Obviously, lots of the people you mentioned did. Although a lot of them originally wrote in Latin, Erasmus, also Thomas More. But I think what makes the Enlightened different is that you have, again, you have a sense. These people have have a sense that they are themselves engaged in a collective project, that it is a collective project of enlightenment, of enlightening the world. They believe that they live in a century of progress. And there are certain principles. They don't agree on everything by any means. The philosophy of enlightenment is like nothing more than ripping each other to shreds, like any decent group of intellectuals. But that said, they generally did believe That people needed to have freedom of speech. They believed that you needed to have toleration of different religions. They believed in education and the need for a broadly educated public that could be as broad as possible. They generally believed in keeping religion out of the public sphere as much as possible, so all those principles came together into a program that we can consider at least a kind of... You know, not that everybody read it at every moment by any means, but there is an identifiable enlightenment program there, and in this case an identifiable enlightenment mindset. One other thing, I think, which is crucial to the Enlightenment, is that it was the attention they started to pay to something that we now take almost entirely for granted, which is the idea of society. The word society is so entirely ubiquitous, we assume it's always been there, and in one sense it has, because the word societas is a Latin word. But until... The 18th century, the word society generally had a much narrower meaning. It referred to, you know, particular institution most often, like when we talk about the society of, you know, the American philosophical society or something like that. And the idea that there exists something called society, which is the general sphere of human existence that is separate from religion and is separate from the political sphere, that's actually something which only really emerged at the end of the 1600s. And it became really the focus of you know, much, if not most, of enlightenment thinking. When you look at someone like Montesquieu and you look something, somebody like Rousseau or Voltaire or Adam Smith, probably above all, they were concerned with understanding how society works, not how government works only, but how society, what social interactions are like beginning of what we would now call social science. So that's yet another thing that distinguishes the enlightened from people like Machiavelli, often people like Thomas More, and people like bonuses.Andrew Keen: You noted earlier that the idea of progress is somehow baked in, in part, and certainly when it comes to Kant, certainly the French Enlightenment, although, of course, Rousseau challenged that. I'm not sure whether Rousseaut, as always, is both in and out of the Enlightenment and he seems to be in and out of everything. How did the Enlightement, though, make sense of itself in the context of antiquity, as it was, of Terms, it was the Renaissance that supposedly discovered or rediscovered antiquity. How did many of the leading Enlightenment thinkers, writers, how did they think of their own society in the context of not just antiquity, but even the idea of a European or Western society?David Bell: Well, there was a great book, one of the great histories of the Enlightenment was written about more than 50 years ago by the Yale professor named Peter Gay, and the first part of that book was called The Modern Paganism. So it was about the, you know, it was very much about the relationship between the Enlightenment and the ancient Greek synonyms. And certainly the writers of the enlightenment felt a great deal of kinship with the ancient Greek synonymous. They felt a common bond, particularly in the posing. Christianity and opposing what they believed the Christian Church had wrought on Europe in suppressing freedom and suppressing free thought and suppassing free inquiry. And so they felt that they were both recovering but also going beyond antiquity at the same time. And of course they were all, I mean everybody at the time, every single major figure of the Enlightenment, their education consisted in large part of what we would now call classics, right? I mean, there was an educational reformer in France in the 1760s who said, you know, our educational system is great if the purpose is to train Roman centurions, if it's to train modern people who are not doing both so well. And it's true. I mean they would spend, certainly, you know in Germany, in much of Europe, in the Netherlands, even in France, I mean people were trained not simply to read Latin, but to write in Latin. In Germany, university courses took part in the Latin language. So there's an enormous, you know, so they're certainly very, very conversant with the Greek and Roman classics, and they identify with them to a very great extent. Someone like Rousseau, I mean, and many others, and what's his first reading? How did he learn to read by reading Plutarch? In translation, but he learns to read reading Plutach. He sees from the beginning by this enormous admiration for the ancients that we get from Bhutan.Andrew Keen: Was Socrates relevant here? Was the Enlightenment somehow replacing Aristotle with Socrates and making him and his spirit of Enlightenment, of asking questions rather than answering questions, the symbol of a new way of thinking?David Bell: I would say to a certain extent, so I mean, much of the Enlightenment criticizes scholasticism, medieval scholastic, very, very sharply, and medieval scholasticism is founded philosophically very heavily upon Aristotle, so to that extent. And the spirit of skepticism that Socrates embodied, the idea of taking nothing for granted and asking questions about everything, including questions of oneself, yes, absolutely. That said, while the great figures of the Red Plato, you know, Socrates was generally I mean, it was not all that present as they come. But certainly have people with people with red play-doh in the entire virus.Andrew Keen: You mentioned Benjamin Franklin earlier, David. Most of the Enlightenment, of course, seems to be centered in France and Scotland, Germany, England. But America, many Europeans went to America then as a, what some people would call a settler colonial society, or certainly an offshoot of the European world. Was the settling of America and the American Revolution Was it the quintessential Enlightenment project?David Bell: Another very good question, and again, it depends a bit on who you talk to. I just mentioned this book by Peter Gay, and the last part of his book is called The Science of Freedom, and it's all about the American Revolution. So certainly a lot of interpreters of the Enlightenment have said that, yes, the American revolution represents in a sense the best possible outcome of the American Revolution, it was the best, possible outcome of the enlightened. Certainly there you look at the founding fathers of the United States and there's a great deal that they took from me like Certainly, they took a great great number of political ideas from Obviously Madison was very much inspired and drafting the edifice of the Constitution by Montesquieu to see himself Was happy to admit in addition most of the founding Fathers of the united states were you know had kind of you know We still had we were still definitely Christians, but we're also but we were also very much influenced by deism were very much against the idea of making the United States a kind of confessional country where Christianity was dominant. They wanted to believe in the enlightenment principles of free speech, religious toleration and so on and so forth. So in all those senses and very much the gun was probably more inspired than Franklin was somebody who was very conversant with the European Enlightenment. He spent a large part of his life in London. Where he was in contact with figures of the Enlightenment. He also, during the American Revolution, of course, he was mostly in France, where he is vetted by some of the surviving fellows and were very much in contact for them as well. So yes, I would say the American revolution is certainly... And then the American revolutionary scene, of course by the Europeans, very much as a kind of offshoot of the enlightenment. So one of the great books of the late Enlightenment is by Condor Say, which he wrote while he was hiding actually in the future evolution of the chariot. It's called a historical sketch of the progress of the human spirit, or the human mind, and you know he writes about the American Revolution as being, basically owing its existence to being like...Andrew Keen: Franklin is of course an example of your pre-academic enlightenment, a generalist, inventor, scientist, entrepreneur, political thinker. What about the role of science and indeed economics in the Enlightenment? David, we're going to talk of course about the Marxist interpretation, perhaps the Marxist interpretation which sees The Enlightenment is just a euphemism, perhaps, for exploitative capitalism. How central was the growth and development of the market, of economics, and innovation, and capitalism in your reading of The Enlightened?David Bell: Well, in my reading, it was very important, but not in the way that the Marxists used to say. So Friedrich Engels once said that the Enlightenment was basically the idealized kingdom of the bourgeoisie, and there was whole strain of Marxist thinking that followed the assumption that, and then Karl Marx himself argued that the documents like the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, which obviously were inspired by the Enlightment, were simply kind of the near, or kind of. Way that the bourgeoisie was able to advance itself ideologically, and I don't think that holds much water, which is very little indication that any particular economic class motivated the Enlightenment or was using the Enlightment in any way. That said, I think it's very difficult to imagine the Enlightement without the social and economic changes that come in with the 18th century. To begin with globalization. If you read the great works of the Enlightenment, it's remarkable just how open they are to talking about humanity in general. So one of Voltaire's largest works, one of his most important works, is something called Essay on Customs and the Spirit of Nations, which is actually History of the World, where he talks learnedly not simply about Europe, but about the Americas, about China, about Africa, about India. Montesquieu writes Persian letters. Christian Volpe writes about Chinese philosophy. You know, Rousseau writes about... You know, the earliest days of humankind talks about Africa. All the great figures of the Enlightenment are writing about the rest of the world, and this is a period in which contacts between Europe and the rest the world are exploding along with international trade. So by the end of the 18th century, there are 4,000 to 5,000 ships a year crossing the Atlantic. It's an enormous number. And that's one context in which the enlightenment takes place. Another is what we call the consumer revolution. So in the 18th century, certainly in the major cities of Western Europe, people of a wide range of social classes, including even artisans, sort of somewhat wealthy artisians, shopkeepers, are suddenly able to buy a much larger range of products than they were before. They're able to choose how to basically furnish their own lives, if you will, how they're gonna dress, what they're going to eat, what they gonna put on the walls of their apartments and so on and so forth. And so they become accustomed to exercising a great deal more personal choice than their ancestors have done. And the Enlightenment really develops in tandem with this. Most of the great works of the Enlightment, they're not really written to, they're treatises, they're like Kant, they're written to persuade you to think in a single way. Really written to make you ask questions yourself, to force you to ponder things. They're written in the form of puzzles and riddles. Voltaire had a great line there, he wrote that the best kind of books are the books that readers write half of themselves as they read, and that's sort of the quintessence of the Enlightenment as far as I'm concerned.Andrew Keen: Yeah, Voltaire might have been comfortable on YouTube or Facebook. David, you mentioned all those ships going from Europe across the Atlantic. Of course, many of those ships were filled with African slaves. You mentioned this in your piece. I mean, this is no secret, of course. You also mentioned a couple of times Montesquieu's Persian letters. To what extent is... The enlightenment then perhaps the birth of Western power, of Western colonialism, of going to Africa, seizing people, selling them in North America, the French, the English, Dutch colonization of the rest of the world. Of course, later more sophisticated Marxist thinkers from the Frankfurt School, you mentioned these in your essay, Odorno and Horkheimer in particular, See the Enlightenment as... A project, if you like, of Western domination. I remember reading many years ago when I was in graduate school, Edward Said, his analysis of books like The Persian Letters, which is a form of cultural Western power. How much of this is simply bound up in the profound, perhaps, injustice of the Western achievement? And of course, some of the justice as well. We haven't talked about Jefferson, but perhaps in Jefferson's life and his thinking and his enlightened principles and his... Life as a slave owner, these contradictions are most self-evident.David Bell: Well, there are certainly contradictions, and there's certainly... I think what's remarkable, if you think about it, is that if you read through works of the Enlightenment, you would be hard-pressed to find a justification for slavery. You do find a lot of critiques of slavery, and I think that's something very important to keep in mind. Obviously, the chattel slavery of Africans in the Americas began well before the Enlightment, it began in 1500. The Enlightenment doesn't have the credit for being the first movement to oppose slavery. That really goes back to various religious groups, especially the Fakers. But that said, you have in France, you had in Britain, in America even, you'd have a lot of figures associated with the Enlightenment who were pretty sure of becoming very forceful opponents of slavery very early. Now, when it comes to imperialism, that's a tricky issue. What I think you'd find in these light bulbs, you'd different sorts of tendencies and different sorts of writings. So there are certainly a lot of writers of the Enlightenment who are deeply opposed to European authorities. One of the most popular works of the late Enlightenment was a collective work edited by the man named the Abbe Rinal, which is called The History of the Two Indies. And that is a book which is deeply, deeply critical of European imperialism. At the same time, at the same of the enlightenment, a lot the works of history written during the Enlightment. Tended, such as Voltaire's essay on customs, which I just mentioned, tend to give a kind of very linear version of history. They suggest that all societies follow the same path, from sort of primitive savagery, hunter-gatherers, through early agriculture, feudal stages, and on into sort of modern commercial society and civilization. And so they're basically saying, okay, we, the Europeans, are the most advanced. People like the Africans and the Native Americans are the least advanced, and so perhaps we're justified in going and quote, bringing our civilization to them, what later generations would call the civilizing missions, or possibly just, you know, going over and exploiting them because we are stronger and we are more, and again, we are the best. And then there's another thing that the Enlightenment did. The Enlightenment tended to destroy an older Christian view of humankind, which in some ways militated against modern racism. Christians believed, of course, that everyone was the same from Adam and Eve, which meant that there was an essential similarity in the world. And the Enlightenment challenged this by challenging the biblical kind of creation. The Enlightenment challenges this. Voltaire, for instance, believed that there had actually been several different human species that had different origins, and that can very easily become a justification for racism. Buffon, one of the most Figures of the French Enlightenment, one of the early naturalists, was crucial for trying to show that in fact nature is not static, that nature is always changing, that species are changing, including human beings. And so again, that allowed people to think in terms of human beings at different stages of evolution, and perhaps this would be a justification for privileging the more advanced humans over the less advanced. In the 18th century itself, most of these things remain potential, rather than really being acted upon. But in the 19th century, figures of writers who would draw upon these things certainly went much further, and these became justifications for slavery, imperialism, and other things. So again, the Enlightenment is the source of a great deal of stuff here, and you can't simply put it into one box or more.Andrew Keen: You mentioned earlier, David, that Concorda wrote one of the later classics of the... Condorcet? Sorry, Condorcets, excuse my French. Condorcès wrote one the later Classics of the Enlightenment when he was hiding from the French Revolution. In your mind, was the revolution itself the natural conclusion, climax? Perhaps anti-climax of the Enlightenment. Certainly, it seems as if a lot of the critiques of the French Revolution, particularly the more conservative ones, Burke comes to mind, suggested that perhaps the principles of in the Enlightment inevitably led to the guillotine, or is that an unfair way of thinking of it?David Bell: Well, there are a lot of people who have thought like that. Edmund Burke already, writing in 1790, in his reflections on the revolution in France, he said that everything which was great in the old regime is being dissolved and, quoting, dissolved by this new conquering empire of light and reason. And then he said about the French that in the groves of their academy at the end of every vista, you see nothing but the gallows. Nothing but the Gallows. So there, in 1780, he already seemed to be predicting the reign of terror and blaming it. A certain extent from the Enlightenment. That said, I think, you know, again, the French Revolution is incredibly complicated event. I mean, you certainly have, you know, an explosion of what we could call Enlightenment thinking all over the place. In France, it happened in France. What happened there was that you had a, you know, the collapse of an extraordinarily inefficient government and a very, you know, in a very antiquated, paralyzed system of government kind of collapsed, created a kind of political vacuum. Into that vacuum stepped a lot of figures who were definitely readers of the Enlightenment. Oh so um but again the Enlightment had I said I don't think you can call the Enlightement a single thing so to say that the Enlightiment inspired the French Revolution rather than the There you go.Andrew Keen: Although your essay on liberties is the Enlightenment then and now you probably didn't write is always these lazy editors who come up with inaccurate and inaccurate titles. So for you, there is no such thing as the Enlighten.David Bell: No, there is. There is. But still, it's a complex thing. It contains multitudes.Andrew Keen: So it's the Enlightenment rather than the United States.David Bell: Conflicting tendencies, it has contradictions within it. There's enough unity to refer to it as a singular noun, but it doesn't mean that it all went in one single direction.Andrew Keen: But in historical terms, did the failure of the French Revolution, its descent into Robespierre and then Bonaparte, did it mark the end in historical terms a kind of bookend of history? You began in 1720 by 1820. Was the age of the Enlightenment pretty much over?David Bell: I would say yes. I think that, again, one of the things about the French Revolution is that people who are reading these books and they're reading these ideas and they are discussing things really start to act on them in a very different way from what it did before the French revolution. You have a lot of absolute monarchs who are trying to bring certain enlightenment principles to bear in their form of government, but they're not. But it's difficult to talk about a full-fledged attempt to enact a kind of enlightenment program. Certainly a lot of the people in the French Revolution saw themselves as doing that. But as they did it, they ran into reality, I would say. I mean, now Tocqueville, when he writes his old regime in the revolution, talks about how the French philosophes were full of these abstract ideas that were divorced from reality. And while that's an exaggeration, there was a certain truth to them. And as soon as you start having the age of revolutions, as soon you start people having to devise systems of government that will actually last, and as you have people, democratic representative systems that will last, and as they start revising these systems under the pressure of actual events, then you're not simply talking about an intellectual movement anymore, you're talking about something very different. And so I would say that, well, obviously the ideas of the Enlightenment continue to inspire people, the books continue to be read, debated. They lead on to figures like Kant, and as we talked about earlier, Kant leads to Hegel, Hegel leads to Marx in a certain sense. Nonetheless, by the time you're getting into the 19th century, what you have, you know, has connections to the Enlightenment, but can we really still call it the Enlightment? I would sayAndrew Keen: And Tocqueville, of course, found democracy in America. Is democracy itself? I know it's a big question. But is it? Bound up in the Enlightenment. You've written extensively, David, both for liberties and elsewhere on liberalism. Is the promise of democracy, democratic systems, the one born in the American Revolution, promised in the French Revolution, not realized? Are they products of the Enlightment, or is the 19th century and the democratic systems that in the 19th century, is that just a separate historical track?David Bell: Again, I would say there are certain things in the Enlightenment that do lead in that direction. Certainly, I think most figures in the enlightenment in one general sense or another accepted the idea of a kind of general notion of popular sovereignty. It didn't mean that they always felt that this was going to be something that could necessarily be acted upon or implemented in their own day. And they didn't necessarily associate generalized popular sovereignty with what we would now call democracy with people being able to actually govern themselves. Would be certain figures, certainly Diderot and some of his essays, what we saw very much in the social contract, you know, were sketching out, you knows, models for possible democratic system. Condorcet, who actually lived into the French Revolution, wrote one of the most draft constitutions for France, that's one of most democratic documents ever proposed. But of course there were lots of figures in the Enlightenment, Voltaire, and others who actually believed much more in absolute monarchy, who believed that you just, you know, you should have. Freedom of speech and freedom of discussion, out of which the best ideas would emerge, but then you had to give those ideas to the prince who imposed them by poor sicknesses.Andrew Keen: And of course, Rousseau himself, his social contract, some historians have seen that as the foundations of totalitarian, modern totalitarianism. Finally, David, your wonderful essay in Liberties in the spring quarterly 2025 is The Enlightenment, Then and Now. What about now? You work at Princeton, your president has very bravely stood up to the new presidential regime in the United States, in defense of academic intellectual freedom. Does the word and the movement, does it have any relevance in the 2020s, particularly in an age of neo-authoritarianism around the world?David Bell: I think it does. I think we have to be careful about it. I always get a little nervous when people say, well, we should simply go back to the Enlightenment, because the Enlightenments is history. We don't go back the 18th century. I think what we need to do is to recover certain principles, certain ideals from the 18 century, the ones that matter to us, the ones we think are right, and make our own Enlightenment better. I don't think we need be governed by the 18 century. Thomas Paine once said that no generation should necessarily rule over every generation to come, and I think that's probably right. Unfortunately in the United States, we have a constitution which is now essentially unamendable, so we're doomed to live by a constitution largely from the 18th century. But are there many things in the Enlightenment that we should look back to, absolutely?Andrew Keen: Well, David, I am going to free you for your own French Enlightenment. You can go and have some croissant now in your local cafe in Paris. Thank you so much for a very, I excuse the pun, enlightening conversation on the Enlightenment then and now, Essential Essay in Liberties. I'd love to get you back on the show. Talk more history. Thank you. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit keenon.substack.com/subscribe

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Die Anfertigung von Totenmasken ist eine uralte Kulturtechnik. Zu den bekanntesten Beispielen aus der Frühgeschichte zählt die goldene Maske des Tutenchamun. Nachdem diese Tradition in der Renaissance wieder auflebte, erkannte man den Totenmasken im 19. Jahrhundert einen künstlerischen und musealen Wert zu. In diesem Zuge entstand die Sammlung an der Berliner Universität, die heute noch Bestandteil der Sammlungen der Humboldt-Universität ist. Am 16. April 1925 war ein Autor der Altonaer Neuesten Nachrichten, der mit dem Kürzel UE signiert, nach Berlin gereist, um sich eine Ausstellung an eben dieser Universität anzusehen und über sie zu berichten. Wessen Abbild er zwischen den Totenmasken von Schiller, Voltaire und Robespierre dort noch begegnete, weiß Frank Riede.

About this PodcastWhat did European missionaries misunderstand about Hinduism when they first arrived in India?How did colonial power and missionary pressure help reshape Hindu identity from within?Could the rise of modern Hindu nationalism be traced back to these early cultural and religious encounters?When European missionaries arrived in India in the sixteenth century, they entered a world both fascinating and bewildering. Hinduism, as they saw it, was a pagan mess: a worship of devils and monsters by a people who burned women alive, performed outlandish rites and fed children to crocodiles. But it quickly became clear that Hindu ‘idolatry' was far more layered and complex than European stereotypes allowed, surprisingly even sharing certain impulses with Christianity.Nonetheless, missionaries became a threatening force as European power grew in India. Western ways of thinking gained further ascendancy during the British Raj: while interest in Hindu thought influenced Enlightenment thinkers like Voltaire in Europe, Orientalism and colonial rule pressed Hindus to reimagine their religion. In fact, in resisting foreign authority, they often adopted the missionaries' own tools and strategies. It is this encounter, Manu S. Pillai argues, that has given Hinduism its present shape, also contributing to the birth of an aggressive Hindu nationalism.Gods, Guns and Missionaries surveys these remarkable dynamics with an arresting cast of characters – maharajahs, poets, gun-wielding revolutionaries, politicians, polemicists, philosophers and clergymen. Lucid, ambitious, and provocative, it is at once a political history, an examination of the mutual impact of Hindu culture and Christianity upon each other, and a study of the forces that have prepared the ground for politics in India today. Turning away from simplistic ideas on religious evolution and European imperialism, the past as it appears here is more complicated – and infinitely richer – than previous narratives allow.

The boys pay tribute to Val Kilmer in light of his tragic death and then spend a good hour up their own butts talking about cinema before professor CHO jumps in with a history lesson on Catherine The Great! Go to WeLoveCorey.com to hear Corey's latest essay and Pro CHO segment on Martin Luther King Jr! TraeCrowder.com for tickets to see Trae! StayFancyMerch.com for swag from the show! Sponsors: Go to BlueChew.com and use promo code POA to try BlueChew FREE! Head to TurtleBeach.com and use code POA for 10% off your entire order of great gaming headphones! Mando's Starter Pack is perfect for new customers. It comes with a Solid Stick Deodorant, Cream Tube Deodorant, two free products of your choice (like Mini Body Wash and Deodorant Wipes), and free shipping. As a special offer for listeners, new customers get $5 off a Starter Pack with our exclusive code. That equates to over 40% off your Starter Pack Use code POA at ShopMando.com. S-H-O-P-M-A-N-D-O.COM. PLEASE support our show and tell them we sent you. Smell fresher, stay drier, and boost your confidence from head to toe with Mando!       Sources:Books:• Massie, Robert K. Catherine the Great: Portrait of a Woman. Random House, 2011.• Rounding, Virginia. Catherine the Great: Love, Sex, and Power. St. Martin's Press, 2006.• Montefiore, Simon Sebag. The Romanovs: 1613–1918. Knopf, 2016.• Catherine II. Memoirs of Catherine the Great. Translated by Mark Cruse and Hilde Hoogenboom, Modern Library, 2005.Letters• Correspondence with Voltaire and Diderot. Many of their letters to and from Catherine are collected in academic volumes and archives.Academic Articles & Journals:.Online• Encyclopædia Britannica. “Catherine the Great.” britannica.com• HistoryExtra (BBC). • Hermitage Museum Official Website. Join this channel to get access to perks: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCE_luEVRgClC6dPceGVEZeg/join

This is my message to the Jews. It follows up on my video about Christian/Muslim relations. I mention Elon Musk, Philo of Alexandria, Caligula, Suetonius, Claudius, Prescilla, Aquila, Gallio, Sosthenes, Jusitn Martyr, Trypho, Simon Bar Kokhba, Polycarp, Constantine, Athanasius of Alexandria, Caiaphas, Paul of Samosata, Photinus of Galatia, Arius, Constantius II, Gregory of Nyssa, Hank Kruse, Theodosius the Great, Ambrose of Milan, Julian the Apostate, Aphrahat the Persian Sage, Nestorius of Constantinople, Justinian the Great, John Calvin, Michael Servetus, Marian Hillar, Lelio and Fausto Sozzini, Malcolm Collins, John Locke, Andrzej Wiszowaty, Samuel Przypkowski, Isaac Newton, John Milton, Benedict Spinoza, Pierre Bayle, Voltaire, David Hume, Joseph Priestly, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, John Adams, Hannah Adams, Mordecai Noah, The Apostle Paul, and more.

Un étrange prisonnier au masque de fer a vécu sous le Siècle de Louis XIV et mort au début du 18ème siècle, en 1703, à la Bastille. Mais c'est 50 ans plus tard que ce prisonnier devient légendaire. Grâce à un certain Voltaire qui a lui-même été emprisonné à la Bastille, publie un essai historique : « Le Siècle de Louis XIV ». Et Voltaire dévoile une bien curieuse histoire. Celle d'un prisonnier transféré par un gouverneur de prison, un certain M. de Saint-Mars, de Sainte-Marguerite, une prison sur une île de Provence à une cellule de la Bastille, à Paris. C'était en 1698. Revenons sur le mystère de l'homme au masque de fer, qui suscita tant de controverses, de romans, essais et films avec Jean-Christian Petitfils, l'auteur « Le masque de fer » (Editions Perrin) et Gorian Delpâture. Sujets traités : Masque, fer, Louis XIV, Bastille, Voltaire , prison, Sainte-Marguerite, mystère Laurence Ayrianoff Associée de production Merci pour votre écoute Un Jour dans l'Histoire, c'est également en direct tous les jours de la semaine de 13h15 à 14h30 sur www.rtbf.be/lapremiere Retrouvez tous les épisodes d'Un Jour dans l'Histoire sur notre plateforme Auvio.be :https://auvio.rtbf.be/emission/5936 Intéressés par l'histoire ? Vous pourriez également aimer nos autres podcasts : L'Histoire Continue: https://audmns.com/kSbpELwL'heure H : https://audmns.com/YagLLiKEt sa version à écouter en famille : La Mini Heure H https://audmns.com/YagLLiKAinsi que nos séries historiques :Chili, le Pays de mes Histoires : https://audmns.com/XHbnevhD-Day : https://audmns.com/JWRdPYIJoséphine Baker : https://audmns.com/wCfhoEwLa folle histoire de l'aviation : https://audmns.com/xAWjyWCLes Jeux Olympiques, l'étonnant miroir de notre Histoire : https://audmns.com/ZEIihzZMarguerite, la Voix d'une Résistante : https://audmns.com/zFDehnENapoléon, le crépuscule de l'Aigle : https://audmns.com/DcdnIUnUn Jour dans le Sport : https://audmns.com/xXlkHMHSous le sable des Pyramides : https://audmns.com/rXfVppvN'oubliez pas de vous y abonner pour ne rien manquer.Et si vous avez apprécié ce podcast, n'hésitez pas à nous donner des étoiles ou des commentaires, cela nous aide à le faire connaître plus largement. Distribué par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

No podcast do PublishNews desta semana conversamos com Pedro Cardoso ( ator, redator, roteirista, autor, escritor e humorista brasileiro) e Wesley Barbosa (escritor e editor). discutem a importância da literatura em suas vidas, como a amizade entre eles foi construída através da paixão pela leitura e como a literatura pode servir como um remédio para as dificuldades da vida. Eles também refletem sobre a relação entre tecnologia e livros, a identidade cultural e os desafios enfrentados por escritores periféricos. Pedro esta lançando Dias sem glória - Pedro Cardoso e com Aquiles Argolo pela Barraco Editorial de Wesley. https://barraco-editorial.lojaintegrada.com.br/dias-sem-gloriaEste podcast é oferecimento MVB América Latina Um livro e Câmara Brasileira do Livro) Este é um episódio 364 do Podcast do PublishNews do dia 31 de março de 2025 gravado no dia 10. Eu sou Fabio Uehara e esse episódio conta com a participação de Bia Sardinha. E não se esqueça de assinar a nossa newsletter, nos seguir nas redes sociais: Instagram, Linkedin, YouTube, Facebook e TikTok. Todos os dias com novos conteúdos para você. E agora: Pedro Cardoso e Wesley Barbosa Este podcast é um oferecimento da MVB América Latina! Onde a inovação e tecnologia impulsionam o mercado do livro. Com a Pubnet, você ganha eficiência, agilidade e segurança em cada pedido.E quando o assunto é metadados… metadados é com Metabooks!Porque, no fim das contas, o propósito da MVB é um só: levar os livros até os leitores! https://pt.mvb-online.com/Já ouviu falar em POD, impressão sob demanda? Nossos parceiros da UmLivro são referência dessa tecnologia no Brasil, que permite vender primeiro e imprimir depois; reduzindo custos com estoque, armazenamento e distribuição. Com o POD da UmLivro, você disponibiliza 100% do seu catálogo sem perder nenhuma venda. http://umlivro.com.bre também com o apoio da CBLA Câmara Brasileira do Livro representa editores, livreiros, distribuidores e demais profissionais do setor e atua para promover o acesso ao livro e a democratização da leitura no Brasil. É a Agência Brasileira do ISBN e possui uma plataforma digital que oferece serviços como: ISBN, Código de Barras, Ficha Catalográfica, Registro de Direito Autoral e Carta de Exclusividade. https://cbl.org.brIndicações:O Conclave: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t915aZmyEBgOs dois papas: https://www.netflix.com/br/title/80174451?source=35Cândido - Voltaire: https://www.antofagica.com.br/produto/candido/Flow: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lBPG_31yEOk

Music from: Crossed Cannons, Righteous Blackguards, Sea Dog Slams Poems, Sea Dog Slams Poems, The Lost Boys, Shakespeare Approves, Village Idiots, Bounding Main, Brobdignagian Bards, Friar Finnegan, Melody Baird, Limey Birds, Nazario Chickpeazio, Tom Mason and the Blue Buccaneers, Voltaire, Tullamore, Cross Rogues, Fiddler's Tales, Boogie Knights, Henry Martin, Mistress Bawd, Molly and the Tinker, Flying Fish Sailors, Bedlam VISIT OUR SPONSORS RESCU https://RESCU.org Ocean Renaissance Foundation http://www.oceancityrenaissance.com/ The Ren List http://www.therenlist.com Happy To Be Coloring Pages https://happytobecoloring.justonemore.website The Patrons of the Podcast https://www.patreon.com/RenFestPodcast SONGS Wild Rapper performed by Crossed Cannons from the album Reloading the Crossed Cannons www.facebook.com/crossedcannons/ Ship That Never Returned[03] performed by Righteous Blackguards from the album Just The Tip www.righteousblackguards.com The Seadog Slam performed by Sea Dog Slams Poems from the album The Call www.facebook.com/seadogslam/ Raising Black Flags[02] performed by Sea Dog Slams Poems from the album The Call www.facebook.com/seadogslam/ The Jabberwock(2018) performed by The Lost Boys from the album Paul's Walk www.facebook.com/TheLostBoys1599/ Imperial Girl performed by Shakespeare Approves from the album Those Midsummer Nights: Shakespeare's Summertime Study Guide www.shakespeareapproves.com/ If I Had A Million Shillings performed by Village Idiots from the album Epic Win www.facebook.com/the.village.idiots/ A Capitol Ship performed by Bounding Main from the album Lost at Sea - Sea Shanties and Nautical Ballads www.boundingmain.com Jedi Drinking Song[01] performed by Brobdignagian Bards from the album Brobdingnagian Fairy Tales www.thebards.net The Viking Song performed by Friar Finnegan from the album New Pub Songs www.facebook.com/friarfinnegan The Pub Song For Those Who Can't Drink performed by Melody Baird from the album Witch Of The Westmoreland Do-Re-Beer performed by Limey Birds from the album Tweet www.facebook.com/thelimeybirds/ Chick Magnet performed by Nazario Chickpeazio from the album It's not my Fault I'm a Chick Magnet www.chickpeazio.com Bottle of Rum performed by Tom Mason and the Blue Buccaneers from the album Sail Again www.tommason.net The Beast Of Pirate's Bay performed by Voltaire from the album To the Bottom Of The Sea www.voltaire.net The Night Pat Murphy Died[10] performed by Tullamore from the album The O'Malley's Sessions - One for the Road www.tullamore.band/home Wild Rover Blues performed by Cross Rogues from the album The Obligatory Self-Titled Debut www.jesselinder.bandcamp.com/ What Do You Do With A Drunken Ducky performed by Fiddler's Tales from the album Waddles From The Sea Exclamations[01] performed by Boogie Knights from the album Cavalier Attitude www.sites.google.com/site/boogieknightsmd/ 20,000 Rubber Duckies performed by Henry Martin from the album Around the Bay Mistress Bawd's Bordello performed by Mistress Bawd from the album Give Back My Bordello Forty Shades Of Green performed by Molly and the Tinker from the album Pour Us Another One King of the Cannibal Islands[01] performed by Flying Fish Sailors from the album Loch Ness Monster www.flyingfishsailors.coM Loch Lomond[01] performed by Bedlam from the album Angels HOW TO CONTACT US Please post it on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/renfestmusic Please email us at renfestpodcast@gmail.com HOW TO LISTEN Patreon https://www.patreon.com/RenFestPodcast Apple https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/renaissance-festival-podcast/id74073024 Spotify https://open.spotify.com/show/76uzuG0lRulhdjDCeufK15?si=obnUk_sUQnyzvvs3E_MV1g Listennotes http://www.listennotes.com/podcasts/renaissance-festival-podcast-minions-1Xd3YjQ7fWx/

Show Notes This week: Victory Gundam episode 45. It's another(!) recap episode... kind of? We test out some new podcasting technology, the Angel Halo gets its first field test, Queen Maria tells all the kids to pick up their rooms, and Nina researches the healing powers of royal touch. Plus, Voltaire says a very funny thing. That's right, we got Voltaire to come guest on the podcast. Please listen to it! Mobile Suit Breakdown is written, recorded, and produced within Lenapehoking, the ancestral and unceded homeland of the Lenape, or Delaware, people. Before European settlers forced them to move west, the Lenape lived in New York City, New Jersey, and portions of New York State, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Connecticut. Lenapehoking is still the homeland of the Lenape diaspora, which includes communities living in Oklahoma, Wisconsin, and Ontario. You can learn more about Lenapehoking, the Lenape people, and ongoing efforts to honor the relationship between the land and indigenous peoples by visiting the websites of the Delaware Tribe and the Manhattan-based Lenape Center. Listeners in the Americas and Oceania can learn more about the indigenous people of your area at https://native-land.ca/. We would like to thank The Lenape Center for guiding us in creating this living land acknowledgment. You can subscribe to Mobile Suit Breakdown for free! on fine Podcast services everywhere and on YouTube, visit our website GundamPodcast.com, follow us on Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook, or email your questions, comments, and complaints to gundampodcast@gmail.com. Mobile Suit Breakdown wouldn't exist without the support of our fans and Patrons! You can join our Patreon to support the podcast and enjoy bonus episodes, extra out-takes, behind-the-scenes photos and video, MSB gear, and much more! The intro music is WASP by Misha Dioxin, and the outro is Long Way Home by Spinning Ratio, both licensed under Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 licenses. All music used in the podcast has been edited to fit the text. Mobile Suit Breakdown provides critical commentary and is protected by the Fair Use clause of the United States Copyright law. Gundam content is copyright and/or trademark of Sunrise Inc., Bandai, Sotsu Agency, or its original creator. Mobile Suit Breakdown is in no way affiliated with or endorsed by Sunrise, Bandai, Sotsu, or any of their subsidiaries, employees, or associates and makes no claim to own Gundam or any of the copyrights or trademarks related to it. Copyrighted content used in Mobile Suit Breakdown is used in accordance with the Fair Use clause of the United States Copyright law. Any queries should be directed to gundampodcast@gmail.comRead transcript

Cap

When Warren Buffet singles you out for praise, it might be fair to say you have summited the investment equivalent of K2, Annapurna and Kangchenjunga, the most challenging of mountain peaks!   In a capricious investing world, where success is often transient, reputations easily tarnished and hubris punished, to have not only stayed the course for 55 years, but thrived, built Oaktree Capital into one of the largest investors in distressed securities worldwide and cemented a vast loyal following is extraordinary. His investment memos written over the years are world class: engaging, lucid and approachable. In this 1 hour conversation, Howard shares some of his most important investing lessons. It's a conversation everyone interested in investing should hear. Howard explains, why it's not what you buy, it's what you pay that counts, why you need to be contrarian to succeed in investing, why over confidence is the enemy of performance, and  - given the inevitable nature of cycles - why he subscribes to Voltaire's comment that “history never repeats itself, but man always does”. And that is before he discusses the role of luck, the future of the US, the “illusion of knowledge”, and much more with one of the investment greats! ​​The Money Maze Podcast is kindly sponsored by Schroders, World Gold Council, LSEG and IFM Investors. Sign up to our Newsletter | Follow us on LinkedIn | Watch on YouTube 

Jean Calas was found guilty of murder and sentenced to death by breaking on the wheel, but the case had been marred by inconsistencies and a lack of conclusive evidence that prompted Voltaire to argue Calas had been a victim of religious prejudice and a flawed judicial ...

This is a free preview of a paid episode. To hear more, visit andrewsullivan.substack.comIan is a historian, a journalist, and an old friend. He's currently the Paul Williams Professor of Human Rights and Journalism at Bard College. He served as the editor of The New York Review of Books and as foreign editor of The Spectator, where he still writes. He has written many books, including Theater of Cruelty, The Churchill Complex, and The Collaborators — which we discussed on the Dishcast in 2023. This week we're covering his latest book, Spinoza: Freedom's Messiah.For two clips of our convo — on cancel culture in the 17th century, and how Western liberalism is dying today — see our YouTube page.Other topics: Ian's Dutch and Jewish roots; the Golden Age of Amsterdam; its central role in finance and trade; when Holland was a republic surrounded by monarchies; the Quakers; Descartes; Hobbes; how sectarianism is the greatest danger to free thought; religious zealots; Cromwell; Voltaire; Locke; the asceticism of Spinoza; his practical skill with glasswork; the religious dissents he published anonymously; his excommunication; his lack of lovers but plentiful friends; how most of his published work was posthumous; his death at 44; the French philosophers of the Enlightenment shaped by Spinoza; how he inspired Marx and Freud; why he admired Jesus; Zionism; universalism; Socrates; Strauss' Persecution and the Art of Writing; Puritanism through today; trans activists as gnostic; Judith Butler; the right-wing populist surge in Europe; mass migration; Brexit and the Tory fuckup; Trump's near-alliance with Russia; DOGE; the rising tribalism of today; and thinking clearly as the secret to happiness.Browse the Dishcast archive for an episode you might enjoy (the first 102 are free in their entirety — subscribe to get everything else). Coming up: Evan Wolfson on the history of marriage equality, Nick Denton on China and AI, Francis Collins on faith and science, Michael Lewis on government service, Douglas Murray on Israel and Gaza, and Mike White of White Lotus fame. Please send any guest recs, dissents, and other comments to dish@andrewsullivan.com.

Si no habéis echado nunca una mirada a un mapa de Groenlandia, hacedlo. Veréis un detalle muy curioso: que casi todas las ciudades de la isla están en la costa oeste, la que mira a América. Tiene sentido que no haya ciudades en el interior, porque en el interior de Groenlandia no hay tierra, sino una gruesa capa de hielo. También tiene sentido que no las haya en la costa norte, que mira al Océano Ártico y tiene un clima muy frío. Pero ¿qué ocurre en el este, en la parte de la isla más cercana a Europa? Lo que ocurre es una conjura del clima y las leyes físicas que hacen *inhabitable* esa costa. Hoy os contamos qué ocurre en Groenlandia para que se dé esta circunstancia tan peculiar. Además, Santi García Cremades nos habla sobre cómo ha de ser una lotería para estar "bien hecha". En el siglo XVIII, la monarquía francesa decidió emitir unas "contribuciones a las finanzas del Estado" en forma de lotería, pero no supieron diseñarlas bien. El intelectual Voltaire y el matemático Charles Marie de La Condamine se dieron cuenta de que era posible "hackear" esa lotería y aspirar a ganar el premio gordo con muy poca inversión. Hoy os contamos su historia y también si al final terminaron llevándose el gato al agua. Este programa se emitió originalmente el 23 de enero de 2025. Podéis escuchar el resto de audios de Más de Uno en la app de Onda Cero y en su web, ondacero.es

Avant de devenir ce vieillard décharné admiré par toute l'Europe, ce grand dramaturge ami des souverains, défenseur de Calas, le riche ermite de Ferney a été un jeune homme libre et charmant. Mention légales : Vos données de connexion, dont votre adresse IP, sont traités par Radio Classique, responsable de traitement, sur la base de son intérêt légitime, par l'intermédiaire de son sous-traitant Ausha, à des fins de réalisation de statistiques agréées et de lutte contre la fraude. Ces données sont supprimées en temps réel pour la finalité statistique et sous cinq mois à compter de la collecte à des fins de lutte contre la fraude. Pour plus d'informations sur les traitements réalisés par Radio Classique et exercer vos droits, consultez notre Politique de confidentialité.Hébergé par Ausha. Visitez ausha.co/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

A Jack London lo apresaron por vagabundo, Voltaire se fue a la cárcel por chismoso y Verlaine por apasionado. Escritores de todas las épocas han perdido su libertad por las causas más nobles o más estúpidas. Conoce a algunos de ellos en este episodio de Letras en el Tiempo.

When the capital of the Roman empire was moved from Rome to the city of Constantinople, the city on the Bosporus strait became one of the most important places on planet earth. One top being the heart of Roman religious, political, and cultural life for a millennium, the city had a reputation for being impregnable. From the 6th to the 13th century the city was besieged an amazing 19 times, and not once was it overcome by a foreign army. This resilience added to the city's legendary status. Two of the most significant sieges came at the hands of the Muslim Umayyad Caliphate, in 674 and 717. These battles have been cited as historical turning points, however recent scholarship has cast doubt on the traditional sources. How significant were these sieges? Did they both even occur? Tune-in and find out how sassy Voltaire, sloppy meta-narratives, and the end of the world all play a role in the story.