Podcasts about Voltaire

Cenno storico per crush che già si crede morta con 37 di febbre: consolala raccontandole di Voltaire, l'illuminista idolo dei lettori di UTET che non credeva a nulla se non ai suoi personalissimi presentimenti. Quando però inizi a non credere né ai preti né ai medici, allora diventi ipocondriaco. E lui fu il più ipocondriaco di tutti.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Rubrique:poesies Auteur: voltaire Lecture: Christiane-JehanneDurée: 02min Fichier: 02 Mo Résumé du livre audio: Voltaire, 1778, Emilie du Châtelet fut sa maîtresse et sa muse. En ce 8 mars, Journée de la Femme bonne écoute ! Cet enregistrement est mis à disposition sous un contrat Creative Commons.

Rubrique:poesies Auteur: paul-eluard Lecture: Christiane-JehanneDurée: 01min Fichier: 01 Mo Résumé du livre audio: Paul Eluard, 1924. En pensant à Gala qu'il aime encore… malgré leur séparation Après Voltaire, A Madame du Châtelet - Voltaire | Livre audio gratuit | Mp3 toujours en ce 8 mars, Journée de la Femme, bonne écoute ! Cet enregistrement est mis à disposition sous un contrat Creative Commons.

Renaissance history is so much wilder and weirder than you would have expected. Very fun chatting with Ada Palmer (historian, novelist, and composer based at the University of Chicago).Some especially fascinating things I learned from the conversation and her excellent book, Inventing the Renaissance:Not only did Gutenberg go bankrupt in the 1450s (after inventing the printing press), but so did the bank that foreclosed on him, and so did his apprentices. This is because paper was still very expensive, and so you had to make this big upfront CAPEX decision to print a batch of 300 copies of a book - say the Bible. But he's in a small landlocked German town where only priests are allowed to read the Bible - so he sells maybe 7 copies. It's only when this technology ends up in Venice, where you can hand 10 copies to each of 30 ship captains going to 30 different cities, that it starts taking off.Speaking of which, the printing revolution wasn't just one single discrete event, just as the computer revolution has been this whole century of going from mainframes -> personal computers -> phones -> social media, each with different and accelerating social impact. Books came first, but they're slow to print, and made in small batches. The real revolution is pamphlets - much faster, much harder to censor. Pamphlet runners are how you can have Luther's 95 Theses go from Wittenberg to London in 17 days.So much other wild stuff from this episode. For example, did you know that the largest and best-funded experimental laboratory in 17th century Europe was very likely the Roman one run by inquisitors? Ada jokes that the Inquisition accidentally invented peer review. The focus of the Inquisition is really misunderstood - it was obsessed with catching dangerous new heretics like Lutherans and Calvinists - it only executed one person for doing science.And this leads Ada to make an observation that I think is really wise: the authorities and censors are always worried about the exact wrong things given 20/20 hindsight. When Inquisition raids an underground bookshop during the French Enlightenment, they don't mind the Rousseau, Voltaire, and Encyclopédie, but they lose their minds about some Jansenist treatises about the technical nature of the Trinity.More broadly, a lesson for me from this episode is that it's just really hard to shape history in the specific way that you want to impact things. One of the most famous medieval scholars is this guy Petrarch. He survives the Black Death in the 1340s, watches his friends die to plague and bandits, and says: our leaders are selfish and terrible, we need to raise them on the Roman classics so they'll act like Cicero. So Europe pours money into finding ancient manuscripts, building libraries, and educating princes on classical virtues. Those princes grow up and fight bigger, nastier wars than ever before with new deadlier technology. And this, combined with greater urbanization and endemic plague, results in European life expectancy decreasing from 35 in the medieval period to 18 during the Renaissance (the period which we in retrospect think of as a golden age but which many people living through it thought of as the continuation of the dark ages that had persisted since the fall of Rome).Anyways, the libraries Petrarch inspires stick around, the printing press makes them accessible to everyone, and 200 years later a generation of medical students is reading Lucretius and asking “what if there are atoms and that's how diseases work?” which eventually leads to germ theory, vaccines, and a cure for the Black Death (Ada has longer more involved explanation of how cosplaying the Romans results through a series of many steps to the scientific revolution). Petrarch wanted to produce philosopher-kings that shared his values. Instead he created a world that doesn't share his values at all but can cure the disease that destroyed his.Watch on YouTube; read the transcript.Sponsors* Jane Street is still waiting on someone to solve their backdoor puzzle… They're accepting submissions until April 1st and have set aside $50,000 for the best attempts. Separately, applications are live for Jane Street's summer ML internships in NY, London, and Hong Kong. Go check all of this out at janestreet.com/dwarkesh.* Labelbox can help ensure your agents don't need to rely on overspecified prompts. They tailor real-world scenarios to whatever domain you're focused on, and they make sure the data you train on rewards real understanding, not just instruction-following. Learn more at labelbox.com/dwarkesh* Mercury's personal accounts let you add users, issue cards, and customize permissions. This is super useful for sharing finances with a partner, a roommate… or even an OpenClaw agent. And, if you're already a Mercury Business user, your personal account is free! See terms and conditions below, and learn more at mercury.com/personal-bankingEligible Mercury Business users who apply for and maintain a Mercury Personal account may have their Mercury Personal subscription fee waived provided they remain a user on an active Mercury Business account in good standing. Standard Mercury Platform Subscription fees will apply if they no longer meet eligibility requirements, including but not limited to no longer being associated with an eligible Mercury Business account, or if the program is modified or terminated. Mercury may modify or discontinue this offering at any time and will provide notice as required by law. See Subscription Terms for full details.* To sponsor a future episode, visit dwarkesh.com/advertise.Timestamps(00:00:00) - How cosplaying Ancient Rome led to the Renaissance(00:28:49) - How Florence's weird republic worked(00:38:13) - How the Medicis took over Florence(00:58:12) - Why it was so hard for Gutenberg to make any money off the printing press(01:17:34) - Why the industrial revolution didn't happen in Italy(01:23:02) - The Library of Alexandria isn't where most ancient books were lost(01:41:21) - The Inquisition accidentally invented peer review Get full access to Dwarkesh Podcast at www.dwarkesh.com/subscribe

För många historieintresserade är 1700-talet nära förknippat med den europeiska upplysningstiden. Det var då, menar många, som människor började vända vidskepelse och okunnighet ryggen och i stället sätta sin tro till förnuft, vetenskap och framtidstro. Upplysningens centrala gestalter – tänkare som Montesquieu, Voltaire och Rousseau – har därför blivit självklara inslag i den historiska allmänbildningen.Men vad var egentligen upplysningen? Här går meningarna isär. Vissa forskare betraktar den som en i huvudsak fransk elitkultur, förankrad i Paris salonger och utan djupare folklig påverkan. Andra ser upplysningen som en bred intellektuell rörelse som genomsyrade hela Europa, med inflytande långt utanför aristokratin – inte minst i borgerliga kretsar i England, Sverige och andra delar av kontinenten.Begreppet upplysning omfattar dessutom en rad samtidiga fenomen: religionskritik och begynnande sekularisering, jordbruksreformer, liberalismens första uttryck, den vetenskapliga revolutionen, naturvetenskapliga upptäckter, politiska idéer om maktdelning och samhällsomvandling – från reformistiska envåldshärskare till utopiska socialister – samt en stark vilja att sprida kunskap, bildning och folkbildning.I detta avsnitt av Harrisons dramatiska historia samtalar historikern Dick Harrison och fackboksförfattaren Katarina Harrison Lindbergh om upplysningstidens komplexitet och mångfacetterade arv – en idérevolution som fortfarande präglar vårt samhälle.Bildtext: Les salons au XVIIIe siècle, målad av Anicet Charles Gabriel Lemonnier, visar en litterär salong i upplysningstidens Frankrike där intellektuella och aristokrater samlas för samtal och idéutbyte. Salongerna spelade en central roll i spridningen av upplysningsidéer och formandet av den offentliga opinionen under 1700-talet. Wikipedia (Public Domain).Klippare: Emanuel Lehtonen Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Cet épisode retrace la correspondance entre le roi de Prusse Frédéric le Grand et le philosophe Voltaire, deux figures emblématiques du siècle des Lumières. Leur relation complexe, oscillant entre amitié et conflit, illustre la collision entre la liberté de l'esprit et la logique du pouvoir.Plongez dans l'histoire des grands personnages et des évènements marquants qui ont façonné notre monde ! Avec enthousiasme et talent, Franck Ferrand vous révèle les coulisses de l'histoire avec un grand H, entre mystères, secrets et épisodes méconnus : un cadeau pour les amoureux du passé, de la préhistoire à l'histoire contemporaine.Hébergé par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Good things come to those who wait... so forgive us for the day of delay, but we are back with a discussion of Proverbial Monsters. This slim bestiary of creatures inspired by sayings and superstitions seemed like a natural follow-up to our dive into Urban Legends. It's not specifically a Changeling book, but most or all of the options in here can fit easily into a Lost game, so it's through that lens that we turn our critical eyes. Here's the thing, though—this book is no longer available for sale, and we can find no explanation for why. Consider this episode your armament for if you should eventually come across these pages in the wild, for a book in hand is worth two in the... cloud? Whatever the digital archiving equivalent of that saying would be. What's not lost to the currents of time is our standard list of get-in-touch-with-us links, like so!: Discord: https://discord.me/ctp Email: podcast@changelingthepodcast.com Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100082973960699 Mastodon: https://dice.camp/@ChangelingPod Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/changelingthepodcast YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@ChangelingThePodcast your hosts Pooka G (any pronoun/they) taught a man to fish and he was devoured by a kraken. So... mixed results. Amelia Fetch (she/her) spoke of the Devil, but he merely sent a polite invitation for cream tea at a crossroads three days thence. Je n'ai jamais fait qu'une prière à Dieu, une très courte : "Ô Seigneur, rends mes ennemis ridicules". Et Dieu l'a exaucée. (I've only ever made one prayer to God, a very short one: "O Lord, make my enemies ridiculous." And God has granted it.) —Voltaire

Join us this week for the continuation of the Theurgic Roots of Freemasonry series by Kristine Wilson-Slack! This week, we answer the question, "By working with God, do we fulfill the tenets of Freemasonry?" Then in an extended Masonic Mythbusters segment, WB:. Patrick Dey digs deep for the evidence of famed individuals and whether there is evidence to support them being Freemasons! From Blink-182 frontman Tom DeLonge to Voltaire, Patrick lays it all out! All this and more, stay tuned! Links: Theurgy Pt. 2  https://www.universalfreemasonry.org/en/article/theurgy-part-2 Facebook Group – Craftsman+ https://www.facebook.com/groups/3522871657795845  The Etsy Store https://www.etsy.com/shop/WCYSkullCrown Skull and Crown Ltd. www.skullandcrownltd.com Craftsman+ FB Group https://www.facebook.com/groups/craftsmanplus/ WCY Podcast YouTube Channel https://www.youtube.com/c/WhenceCameYou Ancient Modern Initiation: Special Edition http://www.wcypodcast.com/the-Shop The Master's Word- A Short Treatise on the Word, the Light, and the Self - Autographed https://wcypodcast.com/the-shop Get the new book! How to Charter a Lodge: https://wcypodcast.com/the-shop Truth Quantum https://truthquantum.com Our Patreon www.patreon.com/wcypodcast Support the show on PayPal https://wcypodcast.com/support-the-show Get some swag! https://wcypodcast.com/the-shop Get the book! http://a.co/5rtYr2r

Metallica announces Sphere shows, Jam and Lewis announce Voltaire shows, LPM is closing, visitation drops again and lots lots more Vegas news The post FHBM #997: Side Eye from an Indigo Girl first appeared on Five Hundy By Midnight.

In this episode, we dive into the chaos surrounding the Pokémon LE launch and the frenzy that followed. Is there really a crossover happening between hardcore Pokémon fans and new pinball players, or is that narrative overblown? We break down what we're seeing, what it could mean for the hobby, and whether this moment is bigger than just one title. And… we think we might have a pretty good idea what American Pinball's next game could be.

Wird das die verzwickteste Podcastfolge aller Zeiten Jonoir_fragrance und RiotScents haben zweifellos ein feines Näschen – doch reicht das aus, um in dieser Folge zu bestehen? Ich habe den beiden Duftdetektiven sechs knifflige Dufträtsel gestellt, die es in sich haben. Sollten sie einmal nicht weiterwissen, wartet zu jedem Rätsel ein passendes Sample als zusätzliche Spur. Doch wird das genügen? Schaffen es Jona und Riot, alle Düfte zu entlarven oder scheitern sie kläglich an den ausgeklügelten Rätseln, die Luke für sie vorbereitet hat? Und auch ihr seid gefragt!Die Community darf natürlich fleißig miträtseln – und für den/die Klügsten und Schnellsten unter euch gibt es sogar eine Belohnung. Also knobelt mit, stellt eure Vermutungen an und findet den gesuchten Duft.Viel Spaß bei der wohl rätselhaftesten Folge der Parfümwelt!Account von Parfümwelt (aka Luke):https://wonderl.ink/@parfuemweltZum Account von Jona:https://wonderl.ink/@jonoir_fragranceAccount von RiotScents:https://wonderl.ink/@riotscentsDie Rätsel:Den Namen des Duftes, das sei euch klar,verrate ich nur zum Teil – sonst wär die Lösung zu nah.Ich bin ein kleines Land, doch meine orange Krone steht heute fern, vor einem großen Festland liege ich, dem Meer sehr nah und gern. Von Wasser umgeben, doch Regen ist rar,Sonne und Sand bestimmen mein Jahr.Mein großer Nachbar, erst überfallen,um sich die Ressourcen gänzlich zu krallen.Wisst ihr nicht, wer ich bin? Sucht mich auf den Karten, das macht doch Sinn! Nicht von der Schönheit geformt, wie oft benannt, sondern von Pilkington, dem original jGangster und geübter Meisterhand.Es ist nicht ihrer, auch nicht seiner,also ist es …?Quelle est la solution? Doch das Rätsel ist hier nicht zu Ende,doch lesen müsst ihr nur dies hier – keine ganzen Bände.Ich komme aus Indonesien, Indien oder Haiti,nicht jeder findet, dass ich rieche sehr pretty.Ein bis zwei Meter meine Länge,doch die wahre Power steckt –wie beim Manne – im Gehänge.Trockne mich und mach mich heiß,so wie es schon die Urväter machten einst.Holzig, rauchig, erdig, schön,kannst du mich in vielen grundlegenden Düften sehn.Mein Vater Poseidon, mein Bruder Krisaor,meine Heimat die Erde – und zwar überall dort.Ich stehe für Freiheit, hoch oben im Licht,die Amazonen einst liebte ich nicht.Wenn es heute Nacht wird, dann blicke nach oben,dort trug ich die Blitze von Götternund wurde zum Dank in den Himmel gehoben.Rousseau, Voltaire und Victor Hugo kenne ich gut,denn durch sie fließt ein ähnliches Blut.Auch aus dem Lande, da komme ich her,nur ein Mensch bin ich nicht, jetzt wird das Rätsel gar schwer.Ich stelle den Menschen in mein Zentrum hinein,Vernunft ist mein Maßstab, mein Denken, mein Sein.Ich wähle die Freiheit, nicht blindes Gesetz,und trage Verantwortung – bewusst bis zuletzt.Mein Haus ist ein großes, im Lande bekannt,brannten erst Cognacs, bevor Parfüm hier entstand.Ich bin kein Acker und auch kein Feld,doch kennt ihr mich gut, denn euch gefällt's.Für Mensch, Tier und Natur bin ich wichtig und breit,mehr als nur Fläche – voll Dauer und Zeit.Ich bin nicht einer, ich bin sehr viele,mein Alter liest man in den Zuwachslinien.Was jedes Kind schon früh versteht:Hier ist man leis, wenn man mich betritt.Kein Rufen, Brüllen oder Kreischen,Achtsamkeit müsst ihr hier leisten.Nun sprecht die beiden, die euch bekannt,leise in Sprache, die euch wohlbekannt.Gesucht ist ein konzentrierter Auszug aus der Substanz,doch riecht er für euch sehr intensiv mit viel Glanz.Kommt ihr nicht drauf, was ich wohl meine,dann schließt eure Augen – das Gesehene notiere ich als das Zweite, Feine.Manchmal hilft es, ein Stück zurückzugehen,um Erisile schließlich auch zu verstehen.Werbung | TransparenzhinweisIn dieser Folge werden Marken genannt und Produkte vorgestellt. Es können Kooperationen mit genannten Marken oder Unternehmen bestehen oder bestanden haben. Die Kennzeichnung erfolgt vorsorglich und aus Gründen der Transparenz.

Antická filozofia sa delí na rannú, klasickú a poklasickú, alebo helenistickú, ktorá je už poznačená úpadkom a pesimizmom. Raná filozofia je zameraná na prírodu a filozofi sa snažia nájsť arché, čiže pralátku, ktorá by vysvetlila podstatu sveta. V stredovekej filozofií sa všetko točí okolo boha a náboženstva. V novoveku nastáva obrat, kedy sa filozofia vracia späť k človeku. Klasická filozofia, ktorá kladie dôraz na rozum a dôležitými predstaviteľmi sú napríklad Kant, Diderot, Spinoza, Voltaire. V poklasickej filozofii hovoríme o scientistickej filozofii, čiže spomeňme napríklad Marxa, a antropologickej filozofii, čiže Nietzsche a jeho nadčlovek. A filozofia 20. storočia sa vyznačuje veľkým pluralizmom, ktorý sa nedá tak ľahko zatriediť, či definovať. Kľúčové slová: filozofia, periodizácia, schooltag, maturita, občianska náuka Tento podcast ti prináša 4ka. Jediná štvorka, ktorá ťa nebude v škole mrzieť.

Want to know What meal ended the House of Habsburg and was said by Voltaire to have changed the destiny of Europe? The risks associated with foraging, and what milk thistle might be an antidote for? Listen to find out!Send a text

Hello Interactors,Watching all the transnational love at the Olympics has been inspiring. We're all forced to think about nationalities, borders, ethnicities, and all the flavors of behavioral geography it entails. After all, these athletes are all there representing their so-called “homeland.” And in the case of Alysa Liu, her father's escape from his. Between the 1989 Tiananmen Square massacre and the fall of the Berlin wall, “homeland” took on new meaning for many immigrants. This all took me back to that time and the start of my own journey at Microsoft at the dawn of a new global reality.HOMELAND HATCHED HEREWith all the focus on Olympics and immigration recently, I've found myself reflecting on my days at Microsoft in the 90s. As the company was growing (really fast), teams were filling up with people recruited from around the world. There were new accents in meetings, new holidays to celebrate, and yummy new foods and funny new words being introduced. This thickening of transnational ties made Redmond feel as connected the rest of the world as the globalized software we were building. By 2000 users around the world could switch between over 60 languages in Windows and Office. In behavioral geography terms, working on the product and using the product made “here” feel more connected to “elsewhere.”This influx of new talent was all enabled by the Immigration Act of 1990. Signed by George H. W. Bush, it increased and stabilized legal pathways for highly skilled immigrants. This continued with Clinton era decisions to expand H-1B visa allocations that fed the tech hiring boom. I took full advantage of this allotment recruiting and hiring interaction designers and user researchers from around the world. In the same decade the federal government expanded access to the United States, it also tightened security. Terrorism threats, especially after the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, spooked everyone. Despite this threat, there was more domestic initiated terrorism than outside foreign attacks. The decade saw deadly incidents like the Oklahoma City bombing in 1995 by radicalized by white supremacist anti-government terrorists, which killed 168 and injured hundreds, making it the deadliest terrorist attack in U.S. history before 9/11.A year later, the Atlanta Olympic bombing and related bombings by anti-government Christian extremists caused multiple deaths and injuries. Clinic bombings and shootings by anti-abortion extremists began in 1994 with the Brookline clinic shootings and continued through the 1998 Birmingham clinic bombing. These inspired more arsons, bombings, and shootings tied to white supremacist, anti-abortion, and other extreme ideologies.Still, haven been shocked by Islamist extremists in 1993 (and growing Islamic jihadist plots outside the U.S.) the federal government adopted new security language centered on protecting the “homeland” from outside incursions. In 1998, Clinton signed Presidential Decision Directive 62, titled “Protection Against Unconventional Threats to the Homeland and Americans Overseas,” a serious counterterrorism document whose title quietly normalized the term homeland inside executive governance.But there was at least one critical voice. Steven Simon, Clinton's senior director for counterterrorism on the National Security Council, didn't think “Defense of the Homeland” belonged in a presidential directive.Simon's retrospective argument is that “homeland” did more than name a policy, it brought a territorial logic of legitimacy that the American constitution had historically resisted. He recalls the phrase “Defense of the Homeland” felt “faintly illiberal, even un-American.” The United States historically grounded constitutional legitimacy in civic and legal abstractions (people, union, republic, human rights) rather than blood rights or rights to soil. Membership was to be mediated by institutions, employment, and law rather than ancestry.“Homeland” serves as a powerful cue that suggests a mental model of ‘home' and expands it to encompass a nation. This model is accompanied by a set of spatial inferences that evoke familiarity, appeal, and even an intuitive sense. However, it also creates a sense of a confined interior that can be breached by someone from outside.This is rooted in place attachment that can be defined as an affective bond between people and places — an emotional tie that can anchor identity and responsibility. But attachment is not the same thing as ownership. Research on collective psychological ownership shows how groups can come to experience a territory as “ours.” This creates a sense of ownership that can be linked to a perceived determination right. Here, the ingroup is entitled to decide what happens in that place while sometimes feeding a desire to exclude outsiders. When the word “homeland” was placed at the center of statecraft it primed public reasoning from attachment of place through care, stewardship, and shared fate toward property ownership through control, gatekeeping, and exclusion. It turns belonging into something closer to a property claim.What makes the 1990s especially instructive from a geography perspective is that “access” itself was being administered through institutions that are intensely spatial: consulates, ports of entry, employer locations, housing markets, and the micro-geographies of office life. The H-1B expansions was not simply generosity, but a form of managed throughput in a system designed to meet labor demand. And it was paired with political assurances about enforcement and domestic worker protections.Mid-decade legal reforms strengthened enforcement by authorities in significant ways. Mechanisms for faster removals and stricter interior enforcement reinforced the idea that the state could act more decisively within the national space. The federal government found ways to expand legal channels that served economic objectives while also building a governance style increasingly comfortable with interior control. “Homeland” helped supply the conceptual bridge that made that socioeconomic coexistence feel coherent.It continues to encourage a politics of boundary maintenance that determines who counts as inside, what kinds of movement are legible as normal, and which bodies are perpetually “out of place.” If the defended object is a republic, the default language justification is legal and civic. If the defended object is a homeland, the language jurisdiction becomes territorial and affective. That shift changes what restrictions, surveillance practices, and membership tests become thinkable and tolerable over time. HOMELAND'S HOHFELDIAN HARNESSIf “homeland” structures a place of belonging, then “rights” are the legal grammar that tells us what may be done in that place. The trouble is that “rights” are often treated as moral abstract objects floating above context. Legally, they are structured relations among people, institutions, and things. But “rights” can take on a variety of meanings.Wesley Hohfeld, the Yale law professor who pioneered analytical jurisprudence in the early 20th century, argued that many legal disputes persist because the word “right” is used ambiguously.He distinguished four basic “incidents” for rights: claim, privilege (liberty), power, and immunity. Each is paired with a position correlating to another party: duty, no-claim (no-right), liability, and disability. When the police pull you over for speeding you hold a privilege to drive at or below the speed limit (say, 40 mph). The state has no-right to demand you stop for going exactly 40 mph. But if you're clocked at 50 mph, the officer enforces your no-right to exceed the limit which correlates to the state's claim-right. You have a duty to comply by pulling over. If the officer then has power to issue a ticket, you face a liability to have your driving privilege altered (e.g., fined). But you also enjoy an immunity from arbitrary arrest without probable cause.Let's apply that to “homeland” security.If a politician says we must “defend the homeland,” it can mean at least four different things legally:* Claim-Rights: Citizens can demand that the government protect them (e.g., from attacks). Officials have the duty to act — think TSA screening or border patrol.​* Privileges: Federal Agents get freedoms to act without legal blocks, such as stopping and questioning people in so-called high-risk zones, while bystanders have no-right to interfere.​* Powers: Federal Agencies hold authority to change your legal status. For example, they can label you a watchlist risk (e.g., you become a liability). This can then lead to loss of liberties like travel bans, detentions, or asset freezes.​* Immunities: Federal Officials or programs shield themselves from lawsuits (via qualified immunity or classified data rules), effectively blocking citizens' ability to sue.Forget whether these are legitimate or illegitimate, Hohfeld's point is they are different forms of rights — and each has distinct costs. Once “homeland” is the object, the system tends to grow powers and privileges (capacity for overt or covert operations), and to seek immunities (resistance to challenge), often at the expense of others' claim-rights and liberties.Rights are not only relational, but they are also often spatially conditional. The same person can move through zones of legality experiencing different practical rights. Consider border checkpoints, airports, perimeters of government buildings, protest cites, or regions declared “emergency” zones. Government institutions operationalize these spaces as “behavioral geographies” which determines who gets stopped, where scrutiny concentrates, and which movements count as suspicious.The state looks past the abstract bearer of unalienable liberties and due process to see only a physical entity whose movements through space dissolve their Constitutional immunities into a series of observable, trackable traces. Those traces become inputs to enforcement. This is what makes surveillance so powerful. “Homeland” governance is especially trace-hungry because it imagines safety as a property of space that must be continuously maintained.But these traces are behavioral cues and human behavior is never neutral. They are interpreted through normalized cultural and institutional schemas about who “belongs” in which places. Place attachment and territorial belonging can become gatekeeping mechanisms. Empirical work on homeland/place attachment links it to identity processes and self-categorization. Related work suggests that collective psychological ownership — “this place is ours” — can predict exclusionary attitudes toward immigrants and outsiders. In legal terms, those social attitudes can translate into pressure to expand state powers and narrow outsiders' claim-rights.A vocabulary rooted in a ‘republic' tends to emphasize rights as universal claims against the state. This is where we get due process, equal protection, and rights to speech and assembly. A homeland vocabulary tends to emphasize rights as statused permissions tied to membership and territory. Here we find rights of citizens, rights at the border, rights in “emergencies”, and rights conditioned on “lawful presence.” The shift makes some restrictions feel like a kind of protecting of the home. Hence the unaffable phrase, “Get off my lawn.”HOMELAND HIERARCHIES HUMBLEDIf the “homeland” is framed as a place-of-belonging and rights are the grammar of that place, then the current crisis of American democracy boils down to a dispute over the nature of equality. This tension is best understood through the long-standing constitutional debate between anticlassification and antisubordination, which dates back to the Reconstruction era. Anticlassification, often called the “colorblind” or “status-blind” approach, holds that the state's duty is simply to avoid explicit categories in its laws. Antisubordination, by contrast, insists that the law must actively dismantle structured group hierarchies and the “caste-like” systems they produce. When the state embraces a “homeland” logic, it leans heavily on anticlassification to mask a deeper reality of spatial subordination.In what we might call the “Theater of Defense,” agencies like the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) increasingly rely on anticlassification principles to justify aggressive interior crackdowns. They frame enforcement as a territorial necessity by protecting the sanctity of the soil itself. A workplace raid or roving patrol, in this view, does not target any specific group. Instead, it simply maintains the “integrity” of the homeland. This reflects what law professor Bradley Areheart and others have described as the “anticlassification turn,” where formal attempts to embody equality end up legitimizing structural inequality.Put differently, the state exercises a Hohfeldian Power to alter individuals' legal status based on their geographic location or “lawful presence.” At the same time, it shields itself from legal challenge by insisting that the law applies equally to everyone who is “out of place.” This claim of territorial neutrality is a dangerous legal fiction. As scholars Solon Barocas and Andrew Selbst have shown in their work on algorithmic systems, attempts at neutral criteria often replicate entrenched biases. Triggers like “proximity to a border” or “behavioral traces” in a transit hub do not produce blind justice. They enable targeted scrutiny and the erosion of immunity for those whose identities fail to match the “belonging” model of the “homeland.” The state circumvents its Hohfeldian Disability, avoiding the creation of second-class statuses, by pretending to manage space rather than discriminate against persons.This shift from a civic Republic to a territorial “homeland” is the primary driver of democratic backsliding. Political scientist Jacob Grumbach captured this dynamic in his 2022 paper, Laboratories of Democratic Backsliding. Analyzing 51 indicators of electoral democracy across U.S. states from 2000 to 2018, Grumbach developed the State Democracy Index. His findings reveal how American federalism has morphed from “laboratories of democracy” into sites of subnational authoritarianism. States with low scores on the index — often under unified Republican control — have pioneered police powers that insulate partisan dominance. We see this in the rise of state-level immigration enforcement units, the criminalization of movement for marginalized groups, and the expansion of a “right to exclude.”These states are not just enforcing the law. They are forging what Yale legal scholar Owen Fiss would recognize as a new caste system. By fixating on “defending” state soil against “infiltrators,” legislatures dismantle the public rights of the Reconstruction era — the right to participate in community life without indignity. Today's backsliding policies transform the nation's interior into a permanent enforcement zone. They reject the Enlightenment ideals of America, rooted in beliefs like liberty, equality, democracy, individual rights, and the rule of law. To fully understand Constitutional history, we best acknowledge that America's universalist creedal definition wasn't solely European. David Graeber and David Wengrow's The Dawn of Everything shows how Enlightenment values of liberty and equality arose from intellectual exchanges with Indigenous North American thinkers. Kandiaronk, a Huron statesman, traveled to Europe in the late 17th century and debated French aristocrats. His critiques were published and circulated widely among European intellectuals, including Voltaire, Diderot, and Rousseau. Graeber and Wengrow point out that before the widely popular publication of these dialogues in 1703, the concept of "Equality" as a primary political value was almost entirely absent from European philosophy. By the time Rousseau wrote his Discourse on the Origin and Basis of Inequality Among Men in 1754, it was the central question of the age.Kandiaronk criticized European society's subservience to kings and obsession with property. He contrasted it with the consensual governance and individual agency of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy embodied in their Great Law of Peace — a political order prioritizing the public right to exist without state-sanctioned indignity.The writers of the U.S. Constitution codified a Republic of “unalienable rights,” synthesizing Indigenous/European-inspired liberty with Hohfeldian Disabilities that legally restrained the state from territorial monarchy. Backsliding erases this profound philosophical endeavor. Reclaiming the Republic means honoring the Indigenous critique that a nation's legitimacy rests on its people's freedom, not its fences.We seem to be moving from governance by the governed to protecting an ingroup. In Hohfeldian terms, the state expands its privileges while shrinking the claim-rights of the vulnerable to move and exist safely. This leads to “spatial subordination,” managed through adiaphorization — a concept from social theorist Zygmunt Bauman's 1989 Modernity and the Holocaust. Bauman, a Polish-Jewish survivor who escaped the Nazis' grip on his early life, drew “adiaphora” from the Greek for matters outside moral evaluation. Modern bureaucracies make horrific actions morally neutral by framing them as technical duties, enabling atrocities like the Holocaust without personal ethical torment.As territorial belonging takes precedence, non-belongers are excluded from moral and legal obligations. They become “non-spaces” or “human waste” in the eyes of ICE and DHS. This betrays antisubordination, the “core and conscience” of America's civil rights tradition, as Yale constitutional scholars Jack Balkin and Reva Siegel called it. A democracy can't endure if it permanently relegates any group to legal impossibility. In the “homeland”, immigrants may live, work, and raise families for decades, yet remain mere “traces” to expunge. Weaponized place attachment turns affective bonds into property claims. This empowers the state to “cleanse” those deemed to be “out of place.” Rights become statused permissions, not universal ideals. If immunity from search depends on territorial status, the Republic of laws has yielded to a Heimat — a term the Nazis' usurped for their blood-and-soil homeland…that they then bloodied and soiled.Reversing this demands confronting the linguistic and legal architecture that rendered it conceivable. It's time to rethink the “homeland” frame and its anticlassification crutch. A truer and fairer Republic would commit to antisubordination and the state would be disabled from wielding space for hierarchy. A person's immunity from arbitrary power should be closer to an inalienable right to be “secure in one's person” that holds firm beyond checkpoints or workplace doors…or your front door.Steven Simon was right to feel uneasy with Clinton's wording. “Homeland” planted a seed that sprouted into hedgerows of exceptional powers and curtailed liberties. Are we going to cling to a “homeland” secured by fear and exclusion, forever unstable, or finally become a Republic revered for securing universal law and rights? As long as our rights remain geographically conditional, we all dwell in liability. Reclaiming the Republic, and our freedoms within it, may require transforming the Constitution from a Hohfeldian map of perimeters into a boundless plane of human dignity it aspires to be. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit interplace.io

Merriam-Webster's Word of the Day for February 21, 2026 is: laconic • luh-KAH-nik • adjective Laconic describes someone or something communicating with few words. Laconic can more narrowly mean "concise to the point of seeming rude or mysterious." // The stand-up comedian is known for his laconic wit and mastery of the one-liner. See the entry > Examples: "Elijah did not enjoy all my choices. ... But my son listened closely to every selection. He remembered plot points better than I did and assessed historical figures concisely. 'Mean,' he said of Voltaire. 'Creepy,' summed up Alexander Hamilton. ... Most surprising, my laconic teenager shared my love of Austen. Those hours listening to Pride and Prejudice were some of the happiest of my parenting life." — Allegra Goodman, LitHub.com, 4 Feb. 2025 Did you know? We'll keep it brief. Laconia was once an ancient province in southern Greece. Its capital city was Sparta, and the Spartans were famous for their terseness of speech. Laconic comes to us by way of the Latin word laconicus ("Spartan") from the Greek word lakōnikos. In current use, laconic means "terse" or "concise to the point of seeming rude or mysterious," and thus recalls the Spartans' tight-lipped taciturnity.

Rubrique:contes Auteur: paul-armand-silvestre Lecture: Daniel LuttringerDurée: 10min Fichier: 7 Mo Résumé du livre audio: « ... Sacrée déesse par la superstition populaire, un temple lui fut élevé dont les prêtres défendirent l'entrée à tous les infidèles. Elle-même, croyant à sa divinité, me menaça du bûcher si je tentais d'approcher d'elle. Je m'en allai avec mon intrépidité proverbiale, et deux jours après je changeai de station, devenu plus incrédule aux religions que feu Voltaire lui-même. » Cet enregistrement est mis à disposition sous un contrat Creative Commons.

Moderner Klassiker aus Italien. Fantasiereich, witzig und melancholisch entfaltet Italo Calvino in seinem Roman aus dem Jahre 1957 einen Raum der Wunder, wie ihn nur die Literatur erfinden kann. Ein abenteuerlicher Fall von Eskapismus und poetischem Protest in Zeiten des gesellschaftlichen Umbruchs. Wer das Hörspiel am Radio hören will:  Freitag, 20.02.2026, 20.00 Uhr, Radio SRF 1 (Teil 1) Am 15. Juni 1767 beschliesst der zwölfjährige Baron Cosimo Piovasco di Rondò, das dekadente Milieu seiner aristokratischen Familie zu verlassen, um fortan auf den Bäumen zu leben. Er erhebt sich von der Familientafel, klettert auf eine Steineiche und wird bis zu seinem Tod die Erde nicht mehr betreten. Cosimo baut sich in den Baumkronen eine eigene Welt auf: Er isst und schläft, wächst und entwickelt sich, er lernt und arbeitet, liest und kommuniziert, ohne jemals den Boden zu berühren. Er unternimmt sogar Reisen durchs Land, entlang von Alleen, und nimmt an gesellschaftlichen und politischen Ereignissen teil. Sein Dasein auf den Bäumen wird zum Symbol der Freiheit und des Widerstands gegen Konventionen und Zwänge. Im Laufe seines Lebens begegnet Cosimo vielen Menschen, auch berühmten Persönlichkeiten wie Voltaire und Napoleon. Und er verliebt sich in die geheimnisvolle Viola. Die Hörspielbearbeitung des Schauspielers Wolfgang Stendar (1929–2017), der auch die Hauptrolle spricht, entstand 1968 im Radiostudio Zürich. Es ist ein Fundstück aus dem SRF-Archiv und wurde letztmals 1985 gesendet. ___________________ Mit: Gert Westphal (Erzähler/Biagio), Wolfgang Stendar (Cosimo), Jöns Andersson (Baron), Valerie Steinmann (Baronin), Gisela Zoch (Viola), Eva Wächter (Violas Tante), Guido von Salis (Graf von Estomac), Willy Birgel (Don Federico), Verena Muntwyler (Ursula), Jacques Musso (Voltaire), Alex Freihart (Napoleon), Renate Reger und Karen Meffert (Frauenstimmen) ____________________ Übersetzung: Oswalt von Nostitz – Hörspielbearbeitung: Wolfgang Stendar – Musik: Emil Moser – Regie: Hans Jedlitschka ____________________ Produktion: SRF 1968 ____________________ Gesamtdauer: 93' (Teil 1: 51'; Teil 2: 42')

No novo episódio do Linhas Cruzadas, Andresa Boni e Luiz Felipe Pondé encaram um personagem bem conhecido do nosso dia a dia: o fanático. Aquele que não discute, não escuta e não duvida — só repete, compartilha e ataca. O fanatismo, que antes vivia nos templos, hoje mora nos stories, nos grupos de whatsapp e nos perfis que transformam opinião em dogma.Da Roma Antiga, onde o fanático era visto como alguém tomado pelos deuses, ao Iluminismo de Voltaire, que chamou isso de “doença do espírito”, a conversa chega ao século XXI: redes sociais, gurus digitais, política polarizada e algoritmos que premiam certezas absolutas e punem a dúvida.Será que o fanático tem medo de pensar sozinho? E o que ele ganha quando se dissolve na massa — likes, pertencimento, sensação de sentido?Uma discussão que atravessa a política, a religião, a internet… e, muitas vezes, a gente mesmo.Não perca, quinta-feira, a partir das 22h30, na TV Cultura

Il sovraffollamento nelle carceri svizzere sta occupando e preoccupando le autorità politiche del nostro Paese confrontate con situazioni che pongono inevitabili interrogativi e con un sistema che ha raggiunto il suo limite: ma cosa significa in concreto? E perché si è arrivati a questo punto? Secondo i dati del Monitoraggio della privazione della libertà, nel mese di dicembre dello scorso anno quasi metà dei penitenziari erano occupati oltre il 90%; negli istituti penitenziari ticinesi non ci sono più posti liberi a disposizione e in alcuni casi per la carcerazione preventiva si è dovuto ricorrere a delle celle adibite ad altri scopi. Anche nel Canton Grigioni i penitenziari cantonali presentano alti tassi d'occupazione. Le autorità vogliono trovare delle misure che non siano solo temporanee in un contesto in cui devono essere rispettati anche gli standard e le convenzioni internazionali in materia di detenzione. Per quanto riguarda il Ticino i dati e le cifre relativi al tasso di occupazione del carcere penale La Stampa e del carcere giudiziario e preventivo La Farera indicano che urgono delle soluzioni idonee e al passo con i tempi: non è una novità, il problema era noto e si sapeva che lo spazio a disposizione non è più sufficiente ma, nelle ultime settimane, si è raggiunto il record di presenze. In alcuni casi è ed è stato necessario, ma non auspicabile, l'utilizzo delle celle di fermo della polizia come celle di detenzione preventiva. Partendo dalla carenza di spazi e dal sovraffollamento, nella puntata odierna facciamo il punto alla situazione, soffermandoci sui detenuti e sulla loro provenienza; sugli agenti di custodia; sullo Stampino, la sezione aperta del carcere penale; sulla tipologia dei reati, sulle (troppe?) condanne detentive e sul vero o presunto aumento della criminalità; sulle scarcerazioni, sulle collaborazioni fra Cantoni e sulle eventuali estradizioni; sui supporti tecnologici di sorveglianza all'interno delle carceri; e sulla tenuta del Penitenziario cantonale della Stampa a Cadro a quasi 60 anni dalla sua realizzazione. Negli ultimi anni non sono mancate le riflessioni sul futuro di una struttura che oggi necessita di un'importante ristrutturazione e di un completo restauro: cosa conviene fare? Un carcere nuovo o riattare l'attuale? Voltaire, nel diciottesimo secolo, affermava che «Il grado di civiltà di un Paese si misura osservando la condizione delle sue carceri»: cosa occorre allora fare per migliorare? Dove e come intervenire? Quali e quanti investimenti devono essere fatti? È ospite: Stefano Laffranchini, direttore delle strutture carcerarie ticinesi.

Né en 1694, François-Marie Arouet adopte le nom de Voltaire après un séjour à la prison de la Bastille pour ses écrits satiriques. Philosophe engagé, esprit des Lumières, il s'illustre dans les grandes affaires justicières de son temps, notamment l'affaire Calas. Partez à la rencontre de celui qui a incarné avant l'heure la figure de l'intellectuel engagé, l'homme qui a fait de la raison une arme et de la liberté un combat . Crédits : Lorànt Deutsch, Ayrton Morice KernevenHébergé par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

La figure de proue des Lumières, la tristement célèbre chasse aux sorcières aux Etats-Unis, une héroïne méconnue du Nord de la France... Découvrez le programme de la semaine du 9 au 13 février 2026. Chaque dimanche dans un podcast inédit, au micro de Chloé Lacrampe, Lorànt Deutsch présente le programme à venir dans "Entrez dans l'Histoire". Retrouvez l'émission du lundi au vendredi, de 15h à 15h30 sur RTL. Hébergé par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Kasch, Georg www.deutschlandfunk.de, Kultur heute

"The Great Instauration" by Francis Bacon w/Brian Bagley & Jesan Sorrells---00:00 "Leadership Lessons: Knowledge and Strength"07:03 Francis Bacon: Philosophy and Legacy11:26 Francis Bacon: Enigmatic Historical Figure20:25 "Voltaire's Shock at Christian Roots"27:48 "Chaos, Society, and Leadership Insights."33:46 "Turner's Civil War Film Flop."38:34 "Idols of Human Perception."42:11 "Searching for the Correct Religion."51:02 Religious Diversity and National Challenges54:33 "Debating Theology and Division."01:02:29 "Unity in Christian Essentials."01:08:36 "Idols of the Theater."01:09:52 "Biases Shape Human Understanding."01:14:56 "Tearing Down Modern Idols."01:20:08 "Humility in Pursuit of Truth."01:28:09 "Restoration Begins Within Ourselves."---Opening and closing themes composed by Brian Sanyshyn of Brian Sanyshyn Music.---Pick up your copy of 12 Rules for Leaders: The Foundation of Intentional Leadership NOW on AMAZON!Check out the Leadership Lessons From the Great Books podcast reading list!--- ★ Support this podcast on Patreon ★ Subscribe to the Leadership Lessons From The Great Books Podcast: https://bit.ly/LLFTGBSubscribeCheck out HSCT Publishing at: https://www.hsctpublishing.com/.Check out LeadingKeys at: https://www.leadingkeys.com/Check out Leadership ToolBox at: https://leadershiptoolbox.us/Contact HSCT for more information at 1-833-216-8296 to schedule a full DEMO of LeadingKeys with one of our team members.---Leadership ToolBox website: https://leadershiptoolbox.us/.Leadership ToolBox LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/ldrshptlbx/.Leadership ToolBox YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@leadershiptoolbox/videosLeadership ToolBox Twitter: https://twitter.com/ldrshptlbx.Leadership ToolBox IG: https://www.instagram.com/leadershiptoolboxus/.Leadership ToolBox FB: https://www.facebook.com/LdrshpTl

Candide by Francois Voltaire w/Tom Libby & Jesan Sorrells ---00:00 "Voltaire, Leadership, and Absurdity"11:11 Voltaire, Swingers, and Pancakes14:12 "Timeless Stories Often Retold"17:38 "Reassembling Lost Meaning"26:36 "The Impact of the Printing Press"32:50 "Candide: Chapter 2 Overview"37:58 "Voltaire, War, and Absurdity"41:50 "Voltaire's Cynicism and Candide"44:46 "Leaders Are Problem Solvers"50:55 "Disgust, Pragmatism, and Leadership"57:16 "Timeless Thinkers and Their Impact"01:04:07 "Candide's Ordeal and Reflection"01:08:14 "Limits of Enlightenment and Reason"01:14:41 Promote Team Builders, Not Performers01:19:28 "Moral Courage Over Physical Acts"01:25:34 "Challenges in Leadership Perspective"01:27:58 "Shift to Prompt-Based Thinking"01:33:23 "Ironic Detachment in Leadership"01:41:26 Empathy and Generational Disconnect01:45:50 "Gen X's Call to Action"---Opening and closing themes composed by Brian Sanyshyn of Brian Sanyshyn Music.---Pick up your copy of 12 Rules for Leaders: The Foundation of Intentional Leadership NOW on AMAZON!Check out the Leadership Lessons From the Great Books podcast reading list!--- ★ Support this podcast on Patreon ★ Subscribe to the Leadership Lessons From The Great Books Podcast: https://bit.ly/LLFTGBSubscribeCheck out HSCT Publishing at: https://www.hsctpublishing.com/.Check out LeadingKeys at: https://www.leadingkeys.com/Check out Leadership ToolBox at: https://leadershiptoolbox.us/Contact HSCT for more information at 1-833-216-8296 to schedule a full DEMO of LeadingKeys with one of our team members.---Leadership ToolBox website: https://leadershiptoolbox.us/.Leadership ToolBox LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/ldrshptlbx/.Leadership ToolBox YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@leadershiptoolbox/videosLeadership ToolBox Twitter: https://twitter.com/ldrshptlbx.Leadership ToolBox IG: https://www.instagram.com/leadershiptoolboxus/.Leadership ToolBox FB: https://www.facebook.com/LdrshpTl

“It is not more surprising to be born twice than once,” Voltaire once said. In this episode we contemplate the miracle of existing at all, from our place at the end of our universe's 14 billion years' evolution to the simple joy of another 24 hours alive that Thich Nhat Hanh describes.Episode 4: The Preciousness of Life from Cosmos to the KardashiansIn this talk Scott explores:How to appreciate life moreWhy money can't buy you happinessHow to find satisfaction and meaning in your lifeHow to stop worryingWhy meditation is so powerfulHow to become self-awareWatch this episode as a YouTube videoIf you'd like to practice with others and bring these ideas into your life, join our weekly meditation community with Scott.

Leaders gain more value from Voltaire than from the Harvard Business Review.---Opening theme composed by Felipe Sarro - Bach - Silotti - "Air"  from Orchestra Suite No. 3, BWV 1068 Closing theme composed by Brian Sanyshyn of Brian Sanyshyn Music.---Pick up your copy of 12 Rules for Leaders: The Foundation of Intentional Leadership NOW on AMAZON!Check out the Leadership Lessons From the Great Books podcast reading list!--- ★ Support this podcast on Patreon ★ Subscribe to the Leadership Lessons From The Great Books Podcast: https://bit.ly/LLFTGBSubscribeCheck out HSCT Publishing at: https://www.hsctpublishing.com/.Check out LeadingKeys at: https://www.leadingkeys.com/Check out Leadership ToolBox at: https://leadershiptoolbox.us/Contact HSCT for more information at 1-833-216-8296 to schedule a full DEMO of LeadingKeys with one of our team members.---Leadership ToolBox website: https://leadershiptoolbox.us/.Leadership ToolBox LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/ldrshptlbx/.Leadership ToolBox YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@leadershiptoolbox/videosLeadership ToolBox Twitter: https://twitter.com/ldrshptlbx.Leadership ToolBox IG: https://www.instagram.com/leadershiptoolboxus/.Leadership ToolBox FB: https://www.facebook.com/

Voltaire once said that if God didn't exist, we would've invented him. There's something deep within the human psyche that needs to follow after something. We crave it. Yet, we need to be careful that what we invent or what we follow after does not destroy us. The world is full of idols. A world that God created. They compete for allegiance. Our job is to pick our alliance well. It determines the course of our life. I've been meditating on Jeremiah over the Christmas break. What it has come to reveal to me is that in this new year, our sole focus requires a realignment to one single voice that will not compete with others. A voice so particular, so steady, it does not stutter. It's a voice in the wilderness crying out. Will we attune our ears? In other words, the Christian life comes down to being attentive to the voice of our creator. He calls out. He reveals his plan. He comforts. He draws us close. He affirms.

An engaging investigation of how 13 key Enlightenment figures shaped the concept of race, from the acclaimed author of Diderot and the Art of Thinking Freely. Over the first decades of the 18th century, Christianity began to lose its grip on the story of humankind. Yet centuries of xenophobia, religious intolerance, and proto-biological ideas did not simply disappear. This raw material was increasingly “processed” by secularly minded thinkers who claimed the right to rethink the category of the human. By century's end, naturalists and classifiers had divided the human species into racial categories using methods that we now associate with the Enlightenment era. In Biography of a Dangerous Idea, prize-winning biographer and Enlightenment specialist Andrew S. Curran retells this story through the medium of group biography. Written more like a detective story than traditional history, the book traces the emergence of race through the lives of 13 pivotal figures, among them Louis XIV, Buffon, Linnaeus, Voltaire, Hume, Adam Smith, Blumenbach, Kant, and Jefferson. Moving from the gilded halls of Versailles to the slave plantations of the Caribbean, from the court of the Mughal Empire to the drawing rooms of Monticello, this sweeping narrative not only reveals how the Enlightenment's ultimate Promethean quest intertwined with systems of oppression and empire, but also offers a groundbreaking reassessment of the era's most famous luminaries. Andrew S. Curran is the William Armstrong Professor of the Humanities at Wesleyan University. Caleb Zakarin is CEO and Publisher of New Books Network. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/history

durée : 00:58:54 - Le Cours de l'histoire - par : Xavier Mauduit, Maïwenn Guiziou, Anne-Toscane Viudes - Au 18ᵉ siècle, l'essor de la célébrité est lié au développement d'un espace public. Voltaire, Rousseau, et Marie-Antoinette deviennent des figures publiques connues jusque dans le détail de leur vie privée. Portraits, bustes, et tasses à leur effigie deviennent des objets de consommation populaire. - réalisation : Thomas Beau - invités : Antoine Lilti Historien spécialiste de l'époque moderne et des Lumières, professeur au Collège de France; Guillaume Mazeau Historien spécialiste de la Révolution française, maître de conférences en histoire moderne à l'Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne

An engaging investigation of how 13 key Enlightenment figures shaped the concept of race, from the acclaimed author of Diderot and the Art of Thinking Freely. Over the first decades of the 18th century, Christianity began to lose its grip on the story of humankind. Yet centuries of xenophobia, religious intolerance, and proto-biological ideas did not simply disappear. This raw material was increasingly “processed” by secularly minded thinkers who claimed the right to rethink the category of the human. By century's end, naturalists and classifiers had divided the human species into racial categories using methods that we now associate with the Enlightenment era. In Biography of a Dangerous Idea, prize-winning biographer and Enlightenment specialist Andrew S. Curran retells this story through the medium of group biography. Written more like a detective story than traditional history, the book traces the emergence of race through the lives of 13 pivotal figures, among them Louis XIV, Buffon, Linnaeus, Voltaire, Hume, Adam Smith, Blumenbach, Kant, and Jefferson. Moving from the gilded halls of Versailles to the slave plantations of the Caribbean, from the court of the Mughal Empire to the drawing rooms of Monticello, this sweeping narrative not only reveals how the Enlightenment's ultimate Promethean quest intertwined with systems of oppression and empire, but also offers a groundbreaking reassessment of the era's most famous luminaries. Andrew S. Curran is the William Armstrong Professor of the Humanities at Wesleyan University. Caleb Zakarin is CEO and Publisher of New Books Network. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/european-studies

An engaging investigation of how 13 key Enlightenment figures shaped the concept of race, from the acclaimed author of Diderot and the Art of Thinking Freely. Over the first decades of the 18th century, Christianity began to lose its grip on the story of humankind. Yet centuries of xenophobia, religious intolerance, and proto-biological ideas did not simply disappear. This raw material was increasingly “processed” by secularly minded thinkers who claimed the right to rethink the category of the human. By century's end, naturalists and classifiers had divided the human species into racial categories using methods that we now associate with the Enlightenment era. In Biography of a Dangerous Idea, prize-winning biographer and Enlightenment specialist Andrew S. Curran retells this story through the medium of group biography. Written more like a detective story than traditional history, the book traces the emergence of race through the lives of 13 pivotal figures, among them Louis XIV, Buffon, Linnaeus, Voltaire, Hume, Adam Smith, Blumenbach, Kant, and Jefferson. Moving from the gilded halls of Versailles to the slave plantations of the Caribbean, from the court of the Mughal Empire to the drawing rooms of Monticello, this sweeping narrative not only reveals how the Enlightenment's ultimate Promethean quest intertwined with systems of oppression and empire, but also offers a groundbreaking reassessment of the era's most famous luminaries. Andrew S. Curran is the William Armstrong Professor of the Humanities at Wesleyan University. Caleb Zakarin is CEO and Publisher of New Books Network. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/african-american-studies

An engaging investigation of how 13 key Enlightenment figures shaped the concept of race, from the acclaimed author of Diderot and the Art of Thinking Freely. Over the first decades of the 18th century, Christianity began to lose its grip on the story of humankind. Yet centuries of xenophobia, religious intolerance, and proto-biological ideas did not simply disappear. This raw material was increasingly “processed” by secularly minded thinkers who claimed the right to rethink the category of the human. By century's end, naturalists and classifiers had divided the human species into racial categories using methods that we now associate with the Enlightenment era. In Biography of a Dangerous Idea, prize-winning biographer and Enlightenment specialist Andrew S. Curran retells this story through the medium of group biography. Written more like a detective story than traditional history, the book traces the emergence of race through the lives of 13 pivotal figures, among them Louis XIV, Buffon, Linnaeus, Voltaire, Hume, Adam Smith, Blumenbach, Kant, and Jefferson. Moving from the gilded halls of Versailles to the slave plantations of the Caribbean, from the court of the Mughal Empire to the drawing rooms of Monticello, this sweeping narrative not only reveals how the Enlightenment's ultimate Promethean quest intertwined with systems of oppression and empire, but also offers a groundbreaking reassessment of the era's most famous luminaries. Andrew S. Curran is the William Armstrong Professor of the Humanities at Wesleyan University. Caleb Zakarin is CEO and Publisher of New Books Network. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

An engaging investigation of how 13 key Enlightenment figures shaped the concept of race, from the acclaimed author of Diderot and the Art of Thinking Freely. Over the first decades of the 18th century, Christianity began to lose its grip on the story of humankind. Yet centuries of xenophobia, religious intolerance, and proto-biological ideas did not simply disappear. This raw material was increasingly “processed” by secularly minded thinkers who claimed the right to rethink the category of the human. By century's end, naturalists and classifiers had divided the human species into racial categories using methods that we now associate with the Enlightenment era. In Biography of a Dangerous Idea, prize-winning biographer and Enlightenment specialist Andrew S. Curran retells this story through the medium of group biography. Written more like a detective story than traditional history, the book traces the emergence of race through the lives of 13 pivotal figures, among them Louis XIV, Buffon, Linnaeus, Voltaire, Hume, Adam Smith, Blumenbach, Kant, and Jefferson. Moving from the gilded halls of Versailles to the slave plantations of the Caribbean, from the court of the Mughal Empire to the drawing rooms of Monticello, this sweeping narrative not only reveals how the Enlightenment's ultimate Promethean quest intertwined with systems of oppression and empire, but also offers a groundbreaking reassessment of the era's most famous luminaries. Andrew S. Curran is the William Armstrong Professor of the Humanities at Wesleyan University. Caleb Zakarin is CEO and Publisher of New Books Network. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/intellectual-history

An engaging investigation of how 13 key Enlightenment figures shaped the concept of race, from the acclaimed author of Diderot and the Art of Thinking Freely. Over the first decades of the 18th century, Christianity began to lose its grip on the story of humankind. Yet centuries of xenophobia, religious intolerance, and proto-biological ideas did not simply disappear. This raw material was increasingly “processed” by secularly minded thinkers who claimed the right to rethink the category of the human. By century's end, naturalists and classifiers had divided the human species into racial categories using methods that we now associate with the Enlightenment era. In Biography of a Dangerous Idea, prize-winning biographer and Enlightenment specialist Andrew S. Curran retells this story through the medium of group biography. Written more like a detective story than traditional history, the book traces the emergence of race through the lives of 13 pivotal figures, among them Louis XIV, Buffon, Linnaeus, Voltaire, Hume, Adam Smith, Blumenbach, Kant, and Jefferson. Moving from the gilded halls of Versailles to the slave plantations of the Caribbean, from the court of the Mughal Empire to the drawing rooms of Monticello, this sweeping narrative not only reveals how the Enlightenment's ultimate Promethean quest intertwined with systems of oppression and empire, but also offers a groundbreaking reassessment of the era's most famous luminaries. Andrew S. Curran is the William Armstrong Professor of the Humanities at Wesleyan University. Caleb Zakarin is CEO and Publisher of New Books Network. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

An engaging investigation of how 13 key Enlightenment figures shaped the concept of race, from the acclaimed author of Diderot and the Art of Thinking Freely. Over the first decades of the 18th century, Christianity began to lose its grip on the story of humankind. Yet centuries of xenophobia, religious intolerance, and proto-biological ideas did not simply disappear. This raw material was increasingly “processed” by secularly minded thinkers who claimed the right to rethink the category of the human. By century's end, naturalists and classifiers had divided the human species into racial categories using methods that we now associate with the Enlightenment era. In Biography of a Dangerous Idea, prize-winning biographer and Enlightenment specialist Andrew S. Curran retells this story through the medium of group biography. Written more like a detective story than traditional history, the book traces the emergence of race through the lives of 13 pivotal figures, among them Louis XIV, Buffon, Linnaeus, Voltaire, Hume, Adam Smith, Blumenbach, Kant, and Jefferson. Moving from the gilded halls of Versailles to the slave plantations of the Caribbean, from the court of the Mughal Empire to the drawing rooms of Monticello, this sweeping narrative not only reveals how the Enlightenment's ultimate Promethean quest intertwined with systems of oppression and empire, but also offers a groundbreaking reassessment of the era's most famous luminaries. Andrew S. Curran is the William Armstrong Professor of the Humanities at Wesleyan University. Caleb Zakarin is CEO and Publisher of New Books Network. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/french-studies

durée : 00:58:14 - Avec philosophie - par : Géraldine Muhlmann, Nassim El Kabli - Avec "Zadig ou la Destinée", Voltaire met en scène la cruauté, l'envie, la sournoiserie qu'un jeune homme rencontre au fil de ses aventures, heureuses ou malheureuses. A la fin, un ange proclame que de tout mal naît un bien. Zadig est-il convaincu? Et Voltaire lui-même? - réalisation : Nicolas Berger - invités : Laurence Macé Professeure de littérature française du 18e siècle à l'Université de Rouen Normandie; Stéphanie Gehanne-Gavoty Maître de conférences en littérature française à Sorbonne Université, spécialiste de littérature XVIIIe siècle

Odkryj, który bohater powieści "Władca Pierścieni" okazał się ważniejszy niż Frodo, Aragorn czy Gandalf.  Ta historia to lekcja o:  Samoświadomości i akceptacji własnych granicOdrzuceniu toksycznych ambicjiSzczęściu w pracy własnych rąkPorównaniu z „Kandydem” Woltera, które pokazuje, że ta mądrość przenika wieki.Posłuchaj, jak fikcja fantasy uczy prawdziwego życia w XXI wiekuWesprzyj mój podcast: Będę wdzięczny za postawienie mi kawy → suppi.pl/lepiejteraz Zostań Mecenasem odcinka→ patronite.pl/podcastlepiejterazŹRÓDŁA CYTATÓW I MATERIAŁÓWDzieła J.R.R. Tolkiena:• J.R.R. Tolkien, „Powrót Króla” (The Return of the King), 1955  – Księga VI, Rozdział 1: „Wieża Cirith Ungol” – główne cytaty o kuszeniu Sama  – Księga VI, Rozdział 2: „Kraina Cienia” – cytat o gwiazdach nad Mordorem  – Księga VI, Rozdział 9: „Szare Przystanie” – słowa Froda do Sama, ostatnie zdanie trylogii• J.R.R. Tolkien, „Dwie Wieże” (The Two Towers), 1954  – Księga IV, Rozdział 5 – słowa Faramira o ogrodnikachListy J.R.R. Tolkiena:• „The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien”, red. Humphrey Carpenter, 1981  – List 131 do Miltona Waldmana (1951) – o Samie jako „głównym bohaterze” (the chief hero), o moralności historii  – List 246 do Eileen Elgar (1963) – o charakterze Sama GamgeeInne źródła:• Voltaire, „Kandyd, czyli Optymizm” (Candide, ou l'Optimisme), 1759  – Zakończenie: „Il faut cultiver notre jardin”

durée : 00:58:21 - Avec philosophie - par : Géraldine Muhlmann, Nassim El Kabli - Dans sa lutte contre l'injustice et pour la tolérance, Voltaire signe" Micromégas", récit d'un géant originaire de Sirius qui, de planète en planète, découvre les mondes et questionne les mœurs humaines. Un conte philosophique où l'auteur explore la relativité des points de vue. - réalisation : Nicolas Berger - invités : Maria Susana Seguin Maître de conférences en littérature française à l'Université de Montpellier Paul-Valéry; Linda Gil Maître de conférences à l'Université Paul-Valéry de Montpellier, spécialiste de l'histoire du livre et de l'édition au XVIIIe siècle

durée : 00:57:53 - Avec philosophie - par : Géraldine Muhlmann, Nassim El Kabli - Dans Candide et L'Ingénu, Voltaire confronte des personnages simples, sincères à la guerre, à la religion, aux injustices sociales. Leurs réactions naïves mettent en lumière l'irrationalité des dogmes et la cruauté des institutions. Mais, de la candeur à l'ingénuité, comment "cultiver son jardin" ? - réalisation : Nicolas Berger - invités : Olivier Ferret Professeur de littérature à l'Université Lumière Lyon 2; Florence Lotterie Professeure de littérature du 18ème siècle à l'Université de Paris; Christophe Martin Professeur de littérature française du XVIIIe siècle à Sorbonne Université

durée : 00:56:37 - Autant en emporte l'Histoire - par : Stéphanie Duncan, Frederic MARTIN - 1762. Voltaire, le célèbre philosophe, a 68 ans et est interdit de séjour à Paris et à Versailles par le roi. Mais cette année-là un évènement vient bousculer sa vie tranquille : l'affaire Jean Calas, un protestant toulousain injustement condamné au supplice de la roue pour le meurtre de son fils. - invités : Benoît GARNOT - Benoît Garnot : Professeur d'histoire moderne à l'Université de Bourgogne - réalisé par : Anne WEINFELD, David Leprince Vous aimez ce podcast ? Pour écouter tous les autres épisodes sans limite, rendez-vous sur Radio France.

Fille d'un roi d'Espagne, elle partit à quatorze ans épouser un roi de France, sans autre mission que de lui donner un héritier ni autre liberté que de cultiver sa grande dévotion. Le destin en décida autrement : Anne d'Autriche sera la dernière régente de l'Ancien Régime - une "régente absolue", dira Voltaire - et la dernière femme à gouverner la France. Tenue à distance par un Louis XIII soupçonneux et un Richelieu toujours aux aguets, elle allait s'éveiller à la politique, à quarante-deux ans, sous l'empire de la nécessité, pour sauver le trône de son fils, l'enfant roi Louis XIV. Durant son bref "règne" (1643-1651), la monarchie faillit sombrer sous les coups de multiples révoltes, les guerres domestiques de la Fronde, moment explosif, le plus périlleux que connut la royauté avant 1789. Face à des événements inopinés, des affronts, des trahisons, comme celle de Condé, premier prince du sang, elle sut faire preuve, secondée par Mazarin, d'une grande intelligence politique, mélange de pragmatisme, de persuasion et d'indomptable courage. Avant de rétablir coûte que coûte la paix intérieure, antichambre du grand règne de guerre et de gloire auquel son fils allait associer son nom. Anne d'Autriche incarne le pouvoir au féminin : une reine éminemment politique, percluse de piété, que le hasard des circonstances destina à piloter sans faiblesse dans la tempête le navire malmené de l'État. Par-delà les polémiques et les dénigrements dont on l'a souvent accablée, cette biographie la restitue telle qu'elle fut. En majesté.Joël Cornette est notre invité en partenariat avec le Salon du Livre d'Histoire de Versailles, pour les Interviews HistoireHébergé par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Parmi les figures de style qui donnent de l'éclat et de l'originalité à un texte, le zeugma – parfois écrit zeugme – occupe une place très particulière. Il s'agit d'une figure qui associe, sous une même construction grammaticale, deux éléments qui n'appartiennent pas au même plan de signification. Concrètement, un même verbe ou un même adjectif va gouverner deux compléments très différents… créant un effet souvent drôle, inattendu ou poétique.L'exemple classique est celui-ci : « Il a pris le train et ses jambes à son cou. » Le verbe prendre relie deux réalités incompatibles : un moyen de transport et une expression figurée. Le lecteur est surpris, parfois amusé, parce que l'esprit doit faire un petit écart mental pour associer deux images qui ne vont normalement pas ensemble.Le zeugma peut prendre deux formes principales. Le zeugma sémantique est le plus fréquent : on y associe des termes dont les sens n'ont rien à voir. On peut dire par exemple : « Elle a perdu ses clés et le sourire », où perdre s'applique à un objet concret puis à un état émotionnel. Vient ensuite le zeugma syntaxique, plus rare, qui joue non pas sur le sens mais sur la structure grammaticale : un verbe commun sert de lien à deux constructions grammaticalement différentes. Par exemple : « Il admire son courage et d'être venu », où admirer relie un nom et un infinitif.Le zeugma a une longue histoire. On en trouve des traces dans l'Antiquité grecque – le mot lui-même vient du grec zeugnynai, « joindre » – mais il s'épanouit particulièrement dans la littérature classique, puis chez les romantiques et les auteurs contemporains. Victor Hugo, Rabelais ou encore Voltaire l'utilisent pour surprendre, créer un contraste ou faire sourire. Plus près de nous, Raymond Queneau ou Amélie Nothomb affectionnent ce procédé qui bouscule la logique du discours.Pourquoi cette figure fonctionne-t-elle si bien ? Parce qu'elle joue sur une rupture de sens, un décalage qui oblige le lecteur ou l'auditeur à reconstruire mentalement l'image. Le zeugma brise nos automatismes linguistiques et déclenche une petite gymnastique intellectuelle. Soudain, le langage devient un terrain de jeu : les mots glissent, se superposent, se heurtent avec malice.En somme, le zeugma est l'art de faire tenir ensemble des choses qui ne vont pas ensemble, pour mieux étonner. Une figure brève, parfois subtile, mais qui révèle toute la créativité de la langue française. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Send us a textHillary Duff announced shows in Las Vegas and she sold out immediately! She has added more dates. NoMad Hotel is getting a rebrand, soon. 90210 stars Brian Austin Green and Tori Spelling are bringing a 90's night to Voltaire. There's luxury coach bus that is doing tea time up and down the Las Vegas strip. They added a holiday experience and additional hours. The Westgate has a bottomless spaghetti deal. Mariah Carey still has a few Christmas shows left. We discuss what you can expect.If your home was damaged in the California wildfires, Galindo Law may be able to help you get more compensation. Call 800-251-1533 or visit galindolaw.com  VegasNearMe App If it's fun to do or see, it's on VegasNearMe. The only app you'll need to navigate Las Vegas.  If your Texas home was damaged by hail or a hurricane in the past 2-years, Galindo Law may be able to help you get more insurance compensation. Call 800-251-1533. Or, visit GalindoLaw.com Support the showFollow us on Instagram: @vegas.revealedFollow us on Twitter: @vegasrevealedFollow us on TikTok: @vegas.revealedWebsite: Vegas-Revealed.com

Le Français blasé qui provoque juste pour le plaisir de voir la réaction de son interlocuteur... Il faut bien avouer, qu'il y a un fond de vérité dans ce stéréotype. De Molière à Serge Gainsbourg, la France a produit des générations de provocateurs qui ont fait scandale en leur temps avant de devenir des icônes nationales. Mais récemment, un humoriste français s'est retrouvé au cœur d'une polémique après avoir comparé la police à une organisation terroriste. Le ministre de l'Intérieur a porté plainte contre lui. Certains l'ont défendu au nom de la liberté d'expression, d'autres ont estimé qu'il était allé trop loin. Cette affaire pose une question intéressante : existe-t-il vraiment un « droit inconditionnel à la provocation » en France ? Et si oui, d'où vient-il ? Pour y répondre, Hugo remonte le fil de l'histoire française, des batailles de Voltaire contre l'obscurantisme religieux jusqu'aux journaux satiriques qui ont payé le prix fort pour défendre leur liberté. Il explore aussi cette tradition artistique qui fait des provocateurs d'hier les classiques d'aujourd'hui. Mais surtout, il s'interroge sur les limites actuelles : dans une société de plus en plus divisée, où tracer la ligne entre liberté d'expression et respect d'autrui ? Un débat passionné, parfois violent, jamais définitif... et profondément français. Retrouvez la transcription de l'épisode sur https://innerfrench.com/e185 Retrouvez nos cours pour améliorer votre français sur https://innerfrench.com/cours 

À première vue, il meurt comme beaucoup d'hommes de son âge : à 83 ans, affaibli, dans son lit, à Paris, en mai 1778. Mais l'histoire est plus complexe. Sa mort est entourée de confusions, de récits contradictoires, d'enjeux religieux… et, plus récemment, d'une découverte scientifique qui rebat les cartes.D'abord, les circonstances immédiates. Voltaire revient à Paris après des années passées à Ferney. Il est accueilli comme une rockstar du siècle des Lumières : foule énorme au théâtre, visites incessantes, soirées mondaines… À tel point qu'il s'épuise. Il souffre de douleurs violentes, de troubles digestifs, de vomissements. Les médecins parlent alors de « faiblesse générale », de troubles pulmonaires, ou d'« obstruction des viscères ». On ne sait pas vraiment.À cela s'ajoute un élément politique et religieux : Voltaire est l'ennemi juré de l'intolérance religieuse. L'Église, qui l'a combattu toute sa vie, veut éviter le scandale d'une mort « impie ». Les récits divergent : selon certains prêtres, il aurait refusé les sacrements ; selon d'autres, il les aurait acceptés. Ces contradictions nourrissent immédiatement une légende noire. Pour certains, Voltaire meurt en blasphémateur ; pour d'autres, il garde son esprit critique jusqu'au bout. Cette bataille idéologique a longtemps pollué l'interprétation médicale.Ensuite, il y a un mystère anatomique. Son cœur a été prélevé, comme il était d'usage pour les grands hommes, puis conservé. Et c'est là que la science moderne entre en scène. Des analyses très récentes, réalisées sur ce cœur embaumé et conservé à la Bibliothèque nationale de France, révèlent la présence d'une protéine spécifique associée à certains types de tumeurs. Les chercheurs concluent qu'il souffrait probablement d'un cancer – très vraisemblablement un cancer de la vésicule biliaire, souvent déclenché par des crises répétées de calculs biliaires. Or Voltaire avait justement une longue histoire de douleurs abdominales et de coliques hépatiques.Ces données reshappent totalement les hypothèses anciennes. Voltaire ne serait donc pas mort d'un « épuisement général », ni d'une pneumonie, ni d'un malaise cardiaque, comme on l'a longtemps écrit, mais d'un cancer avancé, ignoré des médecins du XVIIIᵉ siècle.Enfin, la controverse vient aussi du traitement de son corps. Refusé de sépulture chrétienne à Paris, on l'inhume en urgence à l'abbaye de Scellières, presque clandestinement. Des rumeurs circulent même sur l'enlèvement de sa dépouille. Tout cela a amplifié le mythe.En résumé : la mort de Voltaire est controversée parce qu'elle mêle politique, religion, incertitudes médicales… et aujourd'hui révélations scientifiques. Une mort à l'image de sa vie : disputée, débattue, passionnément commentée. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Venue de Prusse, Catherine a été mariée au futur tsar de Russie, Pierre III. Il monte sur le trône en 1762 et devient très vite impopulaire. Catherine préfère agir : elle tisse des amitiés avec les aristocrates mécontents de la politique du tsar ainsi que dans l'armée. Acclamée par les soldats, la tsarine putschiste se rend à Saint-Pétersbourg où elle se fait reconnaître par le clergé. Elle est ensuite confirmée dans sa nouvelle fonction par l'aristocratie au palais d'été puis prête serment au palais d'hiver. Catherine II a renversé son propre mari ! Pierre III est placé en résidence surveillée où il meurt quelques jours après sa destitution.Seule à la tête de la Russie, l'impératrice s'attelle à moderniser et étendre le pays. Si la réforme pour mettre fin au servage échoue, ses conquêtes à l'ouest sont couronnées de succès. Sur le plan culturel, elle amène les Lumières en Russie. Elle entretient une correspondance avec Voltaire et noue des liens privilégiés avec Diderot boudé à Paris par Louis XV. Elle le reçoit même pendant une année dans sa cour.Écoutez la suite de l'histoire de Catherine II, la plus grande tsarine du XVIIIe siècle, racontée par Virginie Girod. (rediffusion)Au Cœur de l'Histoire est un podcast Europe 1.- Auteure et Présentatrice : Virginie Girod - Production : Caroline Garnier- Réalisation : Nicolas Gaspard- Direction artistique : Julien Tharaud- Composition de la musique originale : Julien Tharaud et Sébastien Guidis- Edition et Diffusion : Nathan Laporte et Clara Ménard- Visuel : Sidonie Mangin Bibliographie :- Victor Battaggion, Thierry Sarmant, Histoire mondiale des cours de l'Antiquité à nos jours, Perrin, 2019. - Francine-Dominique Liechtenhan, Catherine II, le courage triomphant, Perrin, 2021. - Virginie Girod, Les ambitieuses, 40 femmes qui ont marqué l'histoire par leur volonté d'exister, M6 éditions, 2021. Hébergé par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

From Voltaire to Beavis and Butthead to the loss of humor the heart really needs.  __________ Give to The Colson Center at colsoncenter.org/november.

On today's episode, Kyle Grieve discusses how timeless philosophical ideas can deepen our understanding of investing and life. He explores lessons from thinkers such as Spinoza, Nietzsche, Hume, and Pascal to reveal how concepts like persistence, skepticism, and luck shape decision-making. Kyle also connects these ideas to modern investing by drawing on insights from Buffett, Voltaire, and Bruce Lee, showing how adaptability, emotional control, and inner reflection lead to better outcomes. IN THIS EPISODE YOU'LL LEARN: 00:00:00 - Intro 00:02:18 - How Spinoza's idea of eternity can guide timeless investing decisions 00:05:36 - The power of persistence and what conatus teaches us about successful businesses 00:07:56 - Why emotional self-mastery may be your greatest investing edge 00:10:19 - What Nietzsche and Buffett reveal about living with integrity in finance and life 00:16:30 - How Hume's healthy skepticism leads to sharper questions and wiser decisions 00:26:01 - What Voltaire can teach us about challenging the Efficient Market Hypothesis 00:30:11 - How Blaise Pascal's wild luck swings illuminate the role of chance in investing 00:35:52 - Why William James's pragmatism can ground abstract financial ideas in reality 00:38:31 - How market simulations and symbols can distort or enhance our understanding 01:07:12 - What Bruce Lee's Be Water mindset reveals about adaptability in investing Disclaimer: Slight discrepancies in the timestamps may occur due to podcast platform differences. BOOKS AND RESOURCES Join the exclusive ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠TIP Mastermind Community⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ to engage in meaningful stock investing discussions with Stig, Clay, Kyle, and the other community members. Buy Ethan's book The Investment Philosophers here. Follow Kyle on X and LinkedIn. Related ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠books⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ mentioned in the podcast. Ad-free episodes on our ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Premium Feed⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. NEW TO THE SHOW? Get smarter about valuing businesses in just a few minutes each week through our newsletter, ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠The Intrinsic Value Newsletter⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. Check out our ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠We Study Billionaires Starter Packs⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. Follow our official social media accounts: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠X (Twitter)⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ | ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠LinkedIn⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ | ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Instagram⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ | ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Facebook⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ | ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠TikTok⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. Browse through all our episodes (complete with transcripts) ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠here⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. Try our tool for picking stock winners and managing our portfolios: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠TIP Finance Tool⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. Enjoy exclusive perks from our ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠favorite Apps and Services⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. Learn how to better start, manage, and grow your business with the ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠best business podcasts⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. SPONSORS Support our free podcast by supporting our ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠sponsors⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠: ⁠Simple Mining⁠ ⁠Unchained⁠ ⁠HardBlock⁠ ⁠Kubera⁠ ⁠Vanta⁠ ⁠Shopify⁠ ⁠reMarkable⁠ ⁠Onramp⁠ ⁠Public.com⁠ ⁠Abundant Mines⁠ ⁠Horizon⁠ Support our show by becoming a premium member! ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://theinvestorspodcastnetwork.supportingcast.fm⁠⁠⁠⁠ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://theinvestorspodcastnetwork.supportingcast.fm