Women Who Went Before

CW: This episode discusses themes of sexual assault and intimate partner violence.Dr. Rhiannon Graybill shares her research on sexual violence in the Hebrew Bible and ways of reading such messy stories for then and now. We also talk about violent tropes in modern romance literature and Rome's origin stories—and what these kinds of tales do to those who read them.She says, “In our world sexual violence is often grounded in or justified by the Bible, and the Bible is used against survivors of sexual violence. And so reading biblical stories as fuzzy, messy, and icky helps us dismantle our experiences of sexual violence and of rape culture.”Access transcript and episode show notes: https://www.womenwhowentbefore.com/episodes/to-have-and-to-hold. Women Who Went Before is written, produced, and edited by Emily Chesley and Rebekah Haigh.The podcast's music is composed and produced by Moses Sun.This podcast is sponsored by the Center for Culture, Society, and Religion, the Program in Judaic Studies, the Stanley J. Seeger Center for Hellenic Studies, and the Committtee for the Study of Late Antiquity at Princeton University.Views expressed on the podcast are solely those of the individuals, and do not represent Princeton University.

We talk with Dr. Shai Secunda about the Babylonian rabbis' science of blood, breaking taboos through sex education, and menstruation as a cure for rabies.Today, taboos about menstruation keep thousands of girls from attending school. For Jewish sages in late antique Persia, such beliefs led to laws that required women to stay away from their husbands during their periods and to wash at prescribed times. (Whether women followed these laws is another question!) Blood could pollute, yet it could also purify. And practices around menstruation may have helped religious communities define their identity. Access transcript and episode show notes: www.womenwhowentbefore.com/episodes/bad-bloodWomen Who Went Before is written, produced, and edited by Rebekah Haigh and Emily Chesley.Podcast theme music is composed and produced by Moses Sun.This podcast is sponsored by the Center for Culture, Society, and Religion, the Program in Judaic Studies, the Stanley J. Seeger Center for Hellenic Studies, and the Committtee for the Study of Late Antiquity at Princeton University.Views expressed on the podcast are solely those of the individuals, and do not represent Princeton University.

Dr. Ada Nifosì tells us about the gymnastics of ancient Egyptian birth, why Egyptian women ate donkey balls and their cats ate penis cakes,  and why the god Seth should be avoided at all costs.Childbirth was a scary time for women, and that desire for safety and comfort is reflected in their stories about their gods. The most important goddess, Isis, was enshrined in Egyptian mythology as giving birth in dangerous circumstances.  Women turned to amulets, charms, midwives and wise women, their families, for assurance.Access transcript and episode show notes: www.womenwhowentbefore.com/episodes/the-pee-testWomen Who Went Before is written, produced, and edited by Emily Chesley and Rebekah Haigh. This episode was fact-checked by Emily G. Smith-Sangster.Podcast theme music is composed and produced by Moses Sun. This podcast is sponsored by the Center for Culture, Society, and Religion, the Program in Judaic Studies, the Stanley J. Seeger Center for Hellenic Studies, and the Committtee for the Study of Late Antiquity at Princeton University.Views expressed on the podcast are solely those of the individuals, and do not represent Princeton University.

Dr. Julia Watts Belser talks about ancient prenups, dancing at weddings, and what the rabbis had to say about beauty. We meet an Etruscan woman named Seianti Hanunia, an Egyptian Jewish woman Tapamet, and hear the (sometimes damaging) ideas of sages Shammai and Hillel. Paying attention to disability matters because it's noticing a person's full human experience. Access transcript and episode show notes: www.womenwhowentbefore.com/episodes/blemished-bridesWomen Who Went Before is written, produced, and edited by Emily Chesley and Rebekah Haigh.Podcast theme music is composed and produced by Moses Sun. This podcast is sponsored by the Center for Culture, Society, and Religion, the Program in Judaic Studies, the Stanley J. Seeger Center for Hellenic Studies, and the Committtee for the Study of Late Antiquity at Princeton University.Views expressed on the podcast are solely those of the individuals, and do not represent Princeton University.

Dr. Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones tells us about the veil in ancient Greek culture. Many women in the distant past (as today) wore veils during their life. Veiling meant many things to many people. It could be a means of patriarchal control, a sensual turn on, or a practical choice in a hot climate. From weddings to acts of piety and expressions of grief, veils "spoke." When she chose to reveal or not hide her hair, a Greek woman expressed something to the world. Access transcript and episode show notes: https://www.womenwhowentbefore.com/episodes/veiled-but-not-hiddenWomen Who Went Before is written, produced, and edited by Emily Chesley and Rebekah Haigh.Podcast theme music is composed and produced by Moses Sun. This podcast is sponsored by the Center for Culture, Society, and Religion, the Program in Judaic Studies, the Stanley J. Seeger Center for Hellenic Studies, and the Committtee for the Study of Late Antiquity at Princeton University.Views expressed on the podcast are solely those of the individuals, and do not represent Princeton University.

Dr. Julia Kelto Lillis asks, "To whom does a woman's virginity belong?" Join her and your hosts as we dive into the world of early Christian purity culture, what wine has to do with the V-Card, and why the gods like to make babies with virgins. Like today, the concept of virginity was culturally significant in the ancient world. But unlike today, virginity as an act of devotion to God could propel a woman to the top of the social ladder.  This episode we explore shifting ideas about what makes someone a virgin and the importance of virginity to the early Christian movement.  Access transcript and episode show notes: https://www.womenwhowentbefore.com/episodes/virginity-and-the-hype-about-hymensWomen Who Went Before is written, produced, and edited by Emily Chesley and Rebekah Haigh.Podcast theme music is composed and produced by Moses Sun. This podcast is sponsored by the Center for Culture, Society, and Religion, the Program in Judaic Studies, the Stanley J. Seeger Center for Hellenic Studies, and the Committtee for the Study of Late Antiquity at Princeton University.Views expressed on the podcast are solely those of the individuals, and do not represent Princeton University.

In this episode, we sit down with Dr. Rebecca Flemming and talk about ancient gynecology, wandering wombs, and what agency, if any, women had over the healing of their bodies. How did medical writers in Greece and Rome describe a woman's anatomy and its inner workings? And how did those beliefs influence the treatments they prescribed? Read transcript and episode show notes: https://www.womenwhowentbefore.com/episodes/wandering-wombsWomen Who Went Before is written, produced, and edited by Emily Chesley and Rebekah Haigh.Podcast theme music is composed and produced by Moses Sun. This podcast is sponsored by the Center for Culture, Society, and Religion, the Program in Judaic Studies, the Stanley J. Seeger Center for Hellenic Studies, and the Committtee for the Study of Late Antiquity at Princeton University.Views expressed on the podcast are solely those of the individuals, and do not represent Princeton University.

In a time when society is thinking passionately about bodily rights and who gets to make decisions about women's bodies, Season 2 turns to history. Women in the ancient world mattered, and so did their bodies—maybe learning about them can give us new questions as we face our own world. In our season intro episode, meet an ancient high-priestess of Ur and the first known author in human history: Enheduanna. Climb Mount Sinai with the Christian pilgrim Egeria. These two women and the records they left behind offer a personal glimpse into embodied moments of religious experience. And they help us set the stage for the season ahead.Episode show notes: https://www.womenwhowentbefore.com/episodes/bodily-mattersWomen Who Went Before is written, produced, and edited by Emily Chesley and Rebekah Haigh.The podcast theme music is composed and produced by Moses Sun. Season 1 Episode 0 intro music is licensed from Krux Music Publishing Limited.This podcast is sponsored by the Center for Culture, Society, and Religion, the Program in Judaic Studies, the Stanley J. Seeger Center for Hellenic Studies, and the Committtee for the Study of Late Antiquity at Princeton University.Views expressed on the podcast are solely those of the individuals, and do not represent Princeton University.

On the Season 1 finale we talk with Dr. Deborah Lyons about ancient Greek myths, breaking cultural boxes, and why we should all strive to be killjoys. Pandora's box, Penelope's gifts, Helen's beauty in Sappho's poetry, and more. Why does it matter that Pandora didn't actually have a box in the earliest versions of the myth? How were objects and the practice of gift-giving gendered in Classical Greece? What rituals did ancient Greek women participate in, and what did they produce? As we study ancient women, what strategies can we turn to for unearthing hope?Shownotes: https://www.womenwhowentbefore.com/out-of-pandoras-box-recovering-hope/ Women Who Went Before is written, produced, and edited by Emily Chesley and Rebekah Haigh.The music is composed and produced by Moses Sun.Sponsored by the Center for Culture, Society, and Religion, the Program in Judaic Studies, and the Stanley J. Seeger Center for Hellenic Studies at Princeton UniversityViews expressed on the podcast are solely those of the individuals, and do not represent Princeton University.

In the penultimate episode of season 1, “In Her Own Words: Ancient Women Authors,” we talk with historian and classicist Dr. Kate Cooper about gatekeeping, the privilege of individualism, and those rare surviving moments when women wrote for themselves. The famous Greek poet Sappho, who wrote of love and loss. Faltonia Betitia Proba, the elite Roman woman who adapted Virgil to tell Christian history. The pilgrim Egeria who described her tour of the Holy Lands to her circle of female friends back home. And of course we revisit Perpetua, the martyr from Carthage we first met in Episode 0.Shownotes: https://womenwhowentbefore.com/in-her-own-words/Women Who Went Before is written, produced, and edited by Emily Chesley and Rebekah Haigh.The music is composed and produced by Moses Sun.Sponsored by the Center for Culture, Society, and Religion, the Program in Judaic Studies, and the Stanley J. Seeger Center for Hellenic Studies at Princeton UniversityViews expressed on the podcast are solely those of the individuals, and do not represent Princeton University.

In Episode 8 our hosts talk with Dr. Elizabeth Shanks Alexander about whether women can keep track of their own periods, religious law as a boys' club, and why ancient rabbis cared about witchery.  Episode show notes: https://womenwhowentbefore.com/suffering-witches-to-live.Women Who Went Before is written, produced, and edited by Emily Chesley and Rebekah Haigh. The music is composed and produced by Moses Sun.Sponsored by the Center for Culture, Society, and Religion, the Program in Judaic Studies, and the Stanley J. Seeger Center for Hellenic Studies at Princeton UniversityViews expressed on the podcast are solely those of the individuals, and do not represent Princeton University.

Dr. Caryn Tamber-Rosenau explains how two lethal women perform gender in the Hebrew Bible. Judith and Jael were talented Jewish heroines who skillfully played their hands (and bodies) to save their people from invading armies.How might the stories about Clytemnestra and the Ugaritic goddess Anat have shaped these biblical narratives? How does the book of Judith intersect with Judas Maccabee and the Maccabean Revolt? How is virginity a sexual orientation? Gender performance, queer theory, and femmes fatales join with Agatha Christie's murder mysteries and the Renaissance painter Artemisia Gentileschi to understand how gender is play acted and subverted in ancient texts. CW: This episode also discusses themes of sexual assault.Women Who Went Before is written, produced, and edited by Emily Chesley and Rebekah Haigh. The music is composed and produced by Moses Sun.Episode show notes: https://womenwhowentbefore.com/women-get-a-head/Sponsored by the Center for Culture, Society, and Religion, the Program in Judaic Studies, and the Stanley J. Seeger Center for Hellenic Studies at Princeton University Views expressed on the podcast are solely those of the individuals, and do not represent Princeton University.

Dr. Solange Ashby teaches us about Nubian warrior queens, Hollywood stereotypes about Egyptian women, and why you shouldn't trust Wikipedia.Meet the powerful, voluptuous queens of Meroe—Amanirenas, Amanitore, Amanishakheto. While Roman noblewomen were supposed to stay hidden at home, these queens were ruling and leading their troops into battle. Hear how Nubian families tracked filiation through their mothers. Learn about color consciousness in the biblical story of Moses' Kushite wife. And along the way, discover what Cleopatra and Wonder Woman have in common.Show notes and sources: womenwhowentbefore.com/african-warrior-queensWomen Who Went Before is written, produced, and edited by Rebekah Haigh and Emily Chesley.The theme music was composed and produced by Moses Sun. The podcast is sponsored by the Center for Culture, Society, and Religion, the Program in Judaic Studies, and the Stanley J. Seeger Center for Hellenic Studies at Princeton University.Views expressed on the podcast are solely those of the individuals, and do not represent Princeton University.

We interview  Dr. Thomas A. J. McGinn about Roman prostitution, marriage laws, and a strange Cinderella story. What was a paterfamilias and how did they determine a woman's life? Were prostitutes merely doing their civic duty? Why did early Christians call the Roman government the pimp-in-chief?Autonomy and agency are the overarching themes of this episode. We explore them in laws governing Roman women, how prostitution was legislated and profited from in Ancient Rome, why sex work isn't the right term for the Roman world, and why even empresses weren't immune from slander. Imperial Japan's “comfort women,” Marie Antoinette, and Iran's headscarf laws are part of this story too. But we start with an actress named Theodora.CW: This episode discusses themes of rape and sexual exploitation.Women Who Went Before is written, produced, and edited by Emily Chesley and Rebekah Haigh.The music is composed and produced by Moses Sun. Episode show notes: womenwhowentbefore.com/the-oldest-profession/.Sponsored by the Center for Culture, Society, and Religion, the Program in Judaic Studies, and the Stanley J. Seeger Center for Hellenic Studies at Princeton University.Views expressed on the podcast are solely those of the individuals, and do not represent Princeton University.

We talk to Dr. Susan Ashbrook Harvey about how gender shaped ancient thinking about God, women's church choirs, and the complex web of metaphors for the divine within Syriac Christianity.Women Who Went Before is written, produced, and edited by Emily Chesley and Rebekah Haigh.The music is composed and produced by Moses Sun. This episode was fact-checked by Jillian Marcantonio and George Kiraz.Show notes: womenwhowentbefore.com/two-breasts-of-the-father/Sponsored by the Center for Culture, Society, and Religion, the Program in Judaic Studies, and the Stanley J. Seeger Center for Hellenic Studies at Princeton UniversityViews expressed on the podcast are solely those of the individuals, and do not represent Princeton University.

Dr. Elaine Pagels joins us to talk about manic pixie dream girls, lost Gnostic texts like Thunder, Perfect Mind, and why being a heretic might not be so bad. Stereotypes about women aren't solely a modern phenomenon. Two pervasive archetypes in early Christian writings were the devil's gateway and bride of Christ . Where did these labels come from? And what were some alternative perspectives among gnostic texts like the Gospel of Mary and Thunder, Perfect Mind? Where did Eve go wrong? Who were the leaders Eustochium, Junia, and Marcellina? How do the Pauline and deuteropauline letters differ in their takes on women? Women Who Went Before is written, produced, and edited by Emily Chesley and Rebekah Haigh. This episode was fact-checked by Jillian Marcantonio. The music is composed and produced by Moses Sun. Episode show notes: womenwhowentbefore.com/fall-girlSponsored by the Center for Culture, Society, and Religion, the Program in Judaic Studies, and the Stanley J. Seeger Center for Hellenic Studies at Princeton UniversityViews expressed on the podcast are solely those of the individuals, and do not represent Princeton University.

We explore ancient Jewish fan fiction, why makeup made the angels fall, and the ever-present problem of ghostwriting with Dr. Annette Yoshiko Reed in Season 1 Episode 2, "Ghostwriting the Daughters of Men: Whose Writing Is it Anyway?" You've heard of the human fall story in Genesis 3, but what about the angelic fall stories in Genesis 6, 1 Enoch, and the Testament of Reuben? How did the Third Sibylline Oracle try to one-up Homer? Does the male gaze operate the same way in ancient texts as in our modern world? And is the misogyny we find in ancient texts always misogyny? These questions and more!Women Who Went Before is written, produced, and edited by Rebekah Haigh and Emily Chesley. The music is composed and produced by Moses Sun.Episode show notes:https://womenwhowentbefore.com/ghostwriting-daughters-of-men/ Sponsored by the Center for Culture, Society, and Religion, the Program in Judaic Studies, and the Stanley J. Seeger Center for Hellenic Studies at Princeton UniversityViews expressed on the podcast are solely those of the individuals, and do not represent Princeton University.

We talk to Dr. Sarit Kattan Gribetz about history's nameless faces, the news negativity bias, and how to raid ancient texts to find women. How were women named and anonymized in Jewish and Christian texts? When did bene Yisra'el mean "sons of Israel" in the Hebrew Bible, and when did it include the daughters too? What do we know about female scribes in antiquity?  Who was Rav Hisda's daughter? And how do biases shape what scholars find? Episode show notes: womenwhowentbefore.com/invisible-womenWomen Who Went Before is written, produced, and edited by Emily Chesley and Rebekah Haigh. The music is composed and produced by Moses Sun.Sponsored by the Center for Culture, Society, and Religion, the Program in Judaic Studies, and the Stanley J. Seeger Center for Hellenic Studies at Princeton UniversityViews expressed on the podcast are solely those of the individuals, and do not represent Princeton University.

In our season intro we ask: Why aren't women in our ancient history textbooks? What is antiquity? How were women imagined in ancient Mediterranean societies? And why does women's history matter? Meet the North African woman Perpetua, whose prison diary from Carthage is one of the few surviving literary texts written by an ancient woman. And meet your podcast hosts, Rebekah Haigh and Emily Chesley. Women Who Went Before is written, produced, and edited by Rebekah Haigh and Emily Chesley. The music is composed and produced by Moses Sun.Episode show notes: https://womenwhowentbefore.com/missing-presumed-absent/ Sponsored by the Center for Culture, Society, and Religion, the Program in Judaic Studies, and the Stanley J. Seeger Center for Hellenic Studies at Princeton UniversityViews expressed on the podcast are solely those of the individuals, and do not represent Princeton University.