Podcast appearances and mentions of stephen buranyi

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Best podcasts about stephen buranyi

Latest podcast episodes about stephen buranyi

OBS
Återvinning kan inte rädda en värld av plast

OBS

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 13, 2025 10:06


Att etablera uppfattningen att återvinning är bra för miljön var ett smart sätt att legitimera plastens erövring av världen. David Jonstad talar om vår sopsortering som symptombehandling. Lyssna på alla avsnitt i Sveriges Radio Play. ESSÄ: Detta är en text där skribenten reflekterar över ett ämne eller ett verk. Åsikter som uttrycks är skribentens egna. Ursprungligen publicerad 2019-02-05.Det var år 2009 när jag och min vän klev ut genom hissen på högsta våningen i en av Stockholms skyskrapor. Vi var i färd med att starta en tidskrift om klimat- och hållbarhetsfrågor och sökte finansiärer. Min vän hade framgångsrikt minglat upp en miljöengagerad direktör för ett stort bolag och nu hade vi fått audiens. Allt verkade lovande. Tills frågan om återvinning dök upp. Direktören berättade entusiastiskt om en återvinningscentral i närheten av hans lantställe dit köerna ringlade långa. Det var nästan som en folkfest på lördagarna när alla kom med sina bilar och släp fyllda av saker att slänga. Jag kunde inte låta bli att fråga om han tyckte detta var bra eller dåligt. Han förklarade förnärmat att det självklart var något bra. Tänk så mycket resurser som återvanns! När jag försynt påpekade att det väl måste ses som ett problem att folk skaffar sig så mycket saker som de sedan slänger skar sig samtalet. Jag insåg då att jag brutit mot ett heligt förbund mellan miljörörelse, politiker och näringsliv – en uppfattning som alla parter delade: återvinning är bra för miljön.Ju mer vi återvinner, desto mer fylls vår värld av skräp.Sedan dess har en del hänt som utmanar denna uppfattning. Trots att återvinningsbehållarna ofta är så fulla att man måste kämpa för att knöla ner sina sorterade sopor i dem, så är det somligt som vägrar att försvinna. Närmare bestämt plasten. Den är över allt. Den förenar sig till nya kontinenter som guppar runt i världshaven. Den bryts ner till mikroskopiska bitar och tas för mat av allehanda havsorganismer som för in plasten i den marina näringskedjan. Det finns mer plast än plankton i havet och om inom några decennier mer plast än fisk. Detta syntetiska stoff finns även i vattnet vi dricker och maten vi äter.Plasten har koloniserat våra liv.Ändå är det som väcker starkast känslor – och som placerar plasten i den politiska skottgluggen – inte detta, utan hur plasten koloniserar andras liv.I ett av de första numren av den där tidskriften – som vi för övrigt finansierade på egen hand – publicerade vi fotografier av döda albatrosser, tagna på en ö mitt i Stilla havet. Dessa bilder av fotografen Chris Jordan har sedan dess kommit att bli närmast ikoniska. På bilderna ses de gråa, halvt nedbrutna, fågelkropparna rama in ett maginnehåll som är märkligt färgglatt. Dödsorsaken är plast.Fåglarna har inte bara stoppat i sig hundratals plastpinaler själva, men också matat sina ungar med dem. Skärvor har skurit sönder fåglarna inifrån. Giftiga ämnen har tagits upp i magsäcken. I vissa fall har magarna varit så fulla av plast att någon mat inte har fått plats.I Storbritannien talas det om Blue Planet-effekten. Vågen av vämjelse och ilska som följt efter ett avsnitt av BBC:s populära naturfilmserie där fokus sattes på plastens naturpåverkan och som bland annat innehöll en hjärtskärande scen med en havssköldpadda intrasslad i en härva av plastavfall.Ju mer vi återvinner, desto mer fylls vår värld av skräp. Något är knas. Vad det är klarnar när jag läser om plastens historia i en lång essä i The Guardian, om återvinningsekonomins brutala strukturförändringar i Financial Times och om forskningen kring plastens effekter. Människans förhållande till plast är ett mikrokomsos av den stora konflikten mellan människa och natur, liksom vårt valhänta sätt att hantera denna.en allians av olje- och kemikalieföretag valde i stället en mer långsiktig och framför allt smartare strategi. Den bestod i att skifta fokus [...] så att problemet med plasten kom att handla om oansvariga individer som skräpade ner.Det var under efterkrigstiden som bergen av plast och annat skräp började att växa. Fram till dess hade avfallet mest utgjorts av organiskt material och utmaningen var då mer logistisk – att låta det förmultna någon annanstans än på städernas gator. Glas- och metallbehållare betraktades som så värdefulla resurser att de återanvändes till nära hundra procent.Den första varianten av plast, bakelit, tillverkades i början av 1900-talet när kemister upptäckte ett sätt att få avsättning för en biprodukt från oljeindustrin. Till en början fanns inte så många användningsområden, men nya former utvecklades och under andra världskriget fick plasten sitt genombrott när den blev material i tusentals delar av det amerikanska krigsmaskineriet. När kriget var slut stod det klart för de stora oljebolagen vilken kommersiell potential som fanns i plasten och bolagen delade upp marknaden mellan sig. Sakta men säkert började det nya moderna materialet att ersätta gammeldags saker som glas, bomull och papper. Med tiden blev plasten så billig att den ofta slängdes bort så fort den fyllt sin funktion.På 1970-talet hade slit och släng-kulturen etablerat sig och den växande mängden plastavfall blivit ett problem så stort och dyrt att politikerna var tvungna att agera. Runt om i USA gjorde myndigheterna försök att förbjuda försäljningen av olika plastartiklar. Alla försök stoppades av industrin som till en början slogs med näbbar och klor mot all lagstiftning. Men snart insåg man att detta skulle vara omöjligt i längden och en allians av olje- och kemikalieföretag valde i stället en mer långsiktig och framför allt smartare strategi. Den bestod i att skifta fokus – från producenterna till konsumenterna – så att problemet med plasten kom att handla om oansvariga individer som skräpade ner. Man finansierade organisationer och reklamkampanjer, till en början hade man miljörörelsen med på tåget. Företagen lanserade också idén om sopsortering. Om hushållen bara kunde stoppa sitt skräp i rätt behållare lovade förpackningsindustrin att återvinna dem.Snabbspola fram till våra dagar och en värld som inte vet vad den ska ta sig till med all plast, vare sig den återvunna eller den som sprids i naturen. Det är inte bara det att det är så fruktansvärt mycket – hittills har det producerats omkring ett ton plast per person – men också att ingen längre vill veta av den. Av den tiondel som sopsorterats har Kina tidigare köpt upp det mesta, men eftersom plaståtervinning är en så skitig process med stora skador på hälsa och miljö har man slutat med det. Som en följd har priset på plastavfall sjunkit som en sten och i städer världen över ansamlas den sopsorterade plasten i väntan på bättre tider.Som så ofta kokar det ner till att problem inte försvinner om man bara behandlar symptomen, men struntar i orsakerna. Man minskar exempelvis inte klimatutsläppen genom att tillverka en elbil, om ni förstår vad jag menar. Men det är så dags att ta itu med orsakerna när problemen blivit helt integrerade i våra liv. Detta gäller oljan och det gäller dess biprodukt, plasten. Detta är också vad olje- och kemiföretagen insåg redan för femtio år sedan: Att etablera uppfattningen att ”återvinning är bra för miljön” var ett smart sätt att legitimera plastens erövring av världen.Stephen Buranyi beskriver i The Guardian plastproblemets paradox: Ju större vi inser att problemet är, desto villigare är folk att agera. Men ju mer vi agerar, desto mer olösligt framstår problemet på grund av dess enorma omfattning. Hindren, skriver Buranyi, är de samma som för alla andra miljökriser: en oreglerad industri, en globaliserad värld och vår egen ohållbara livsstil.Man skulle kunna lägga till ytterligare en sak: självgodheten hos miljöengagerade med en osund förkärlek för symptombehandling.David Jonstad, författare och journalist

The BreakPoint Podcast
Which Theory of Evolution? Toppling the Idol of “Settled Science”

The BreakPoint Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Aug 10, 2023 5:42


In 1973, evolutionary biologist Theodosius Dobzhansky wrote that “nothing in biology makes sense except in light of evolution.” Almost 50 years later, an increasing number of scientists are asking whether evolution makes any sense in light of what we now know from biology.   A recent long-form essay in The Guardian signals just how urgent the problem has become for the most dominant theory in the history of the sciences. In it, author Stephen Buranyi gives voice to a growing number of scientists who think it's time for a “new theory of evolution.”    For a long time, descent with slight modifications and natural selection have been “the basic” (and I'd add, unchallengeable) “story of evolution.” Organisms change, and those that survive pass on traits. Though massaged a bit to incorporate the discovery of DNA, the theory of evolution by natural selection has dominated for 150 years, especially in biology. The “drive to survive” is credited as the creative force behind all the artistry and engineering we see in nature.    “The problem,” writes Buranyi, is that “according to a growing number of scientists,” this basic story is “absurdly crude and misleading.” For one thing, Darwinian evolution assumes much of what it needs to be explained. For instance, consider the origin of light-sensitive cells that rearranged to become the first eye, or the blood vessels that became the first placenta. How did these things originate? According to one University of Indiana biologist, “we still do not have a good answer. The classic idea of gradual change, one happy accident at a time,” he says, “has so far fallen flat.”   This scientific doubt about Darwin has been simmering for a while. In 2014, an article in the journal Nature, jointly authored by eight scientists from diverse fields, argued that evolutionary theory was in need of a serious rethink. They called their proposed rethink the “Extended Evolutionary Synthesis,” and a year later, the Royal Society in London held a conference to discuss it.    Along with Darwinian blind spots like the origin of the eye, the Extended Synthesis seeks to deal with the discovery of epigenetics, an emerging field that studies inherited traits not mediated by DNA. Then there are the rapid mutations that evade natural selection, a fossil record that appears to move in “short, concentrated bursts” (or “explosions”), and something called “plasticity,” which is the ability we now know living things have to adapt physically to their environments in a single generation without genetically evolving.   These discoveries—some recent, others long ignored by mainstream biology—challenge natural selection as the “grand theory” of life. All of them hint that living things are greater marvels and mysteries than we ever imagined. And, unsurprisingly, all of these discoveries have been controversial.   The Guardian article describes how Royal Society scientists and Nobel laureates alike boycotted the conference, attacking the extended synthesis as “irritating” and “disgraceful,” and its proponents as “revolutionaries.” As Gerd Müller, head of the department of theoretical biology at the University of Vienna helpfully explained, “Parts of the modern synthesis are deeply ingrained in the whole scientific community, in funding networks, positions, professorships. It's a whole industry.”   Such resistance isn't too surprising for anyone who's been paying attention. Any challenges to the established theory of life's origins, whether from Bible-believing scientists or intelligent design theorists, have long been dismissed as religion in a lab coat.   The habit of fixing upon a dogma and calling it “settled science” is just bad science that stunts our understanding of the world. It is a kind of idolatry that places “science” in the seat of God, appoints certain scientists as priests capable of giving answers no fallible human can offer, and feigns certainty where real questions remain. The great irony is that this image of scientist-as-infallible-priest makes them seem like the caricature of medieval monks charging their hero Galileo with heresy for his dissent from the consensus.   As challenges to Darwin mount, we should be able to articulate why “settled science” makes such a poor god. And we should encourage the science and the scientists challenging this old theory-turned-dogma and holding it to its own standards. After all, if Darwinian evolution is as unfit as it now seems, it shouldn't survive.  This Breakpoint was co-authored by Shane Morris. For more resources to live like a Christian in this cultural moment, go to breakpoint.org.  This Breakpoint was originally published on August 3, 2022. 

Podcast Notes Playlist: Latest Episodes
The Library of Alexandra

Podcast Notes Playlist: Latest Episodes

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 15, 2023 43:42


Radiolab Podcast Notes Key Takeaways Sci-Hub is a library website that provides free access to millions of research papers and books, without regard to copyright It was created in 2011 by a single person named Alexandra Elbakyan All of the papers made available on Sci-Hub are copyrighted and owned, so open-sourcing them is technically illegal The four for-profit publishers that dominate the scientific journal industry are charging the scientific community to read the research that was conducted by the scientific communityAt its peak, Sci-Hub hosted over 90% of every scientific article that was ever published The publishes have sued Alexandra Elbakyan for violating copyright laws, claiming that she broke the law by distributing material that she did not have the legal right to distributeShe did not show up for the trial and became famous for not showing up to subsequent hearings and trials “Maybe I was a little bit naive. But I thought the app [was] going to overthrow academic publishing and the corporatized system.” – Alexandra Elbakyan She is involved in an ongoing copyright case in India, which she has chosen to participate in because she believes she has a higher chance of winning As part of an agreement, new uploads to Sci-Hub have been paused until a verdict is reached (they have now been paused since 2020) However, the scientific journal industry is changing and shifting more toward the open-access model By 2026, every paper that gets federal funding will be made immediately free for all to readSci-Hub may be losing the battle, but open access is winning the warRead the full notes @ podcastnotes.orgHow much does knowledge cost? While that sounds like an abstract question, the answer is surprisingly specific: $3,096,988,440.00. That's how much the business of publishing scientific and academic research is worth.  This is the story of one woman's battle against a global network of academic journals that underlie published scientific research. In 2011, Alexandra Elbakyan had just moved home to Kazakhstan after a disappointing few years trying to study neuroscience in the United States when she landed on an internet forum where a bunch of scientists were all looking for the same thing: access to academic journal articles that were behind paywalls. That's the moment the very simple, but enormously powerful, website called Sci Hub was born.  The site holds over 88 million articles and serves up about a million downloads to people in practically every country on the globe. We travel to Kazakhstan to meet the mysterious woman behind it all and to find out what it takes to make everything we know about anything available to anyone anywhere, for free.Special thanks to Vrindra Bhandari, Balázs Bodó, Stephen Buranyi, Ian Graber-Stiehl, Joel Joseph, Noorain Khalifa, Aparajita Lath, Steve McLaughlin, Marcia McNutt, Randy Scheckman Tanmay Singh, Deborah Harkness, Joe Karaganis, Lawrence Lessig, Glyn Moody, and Steven Press. Episode Credits:Reported by - Eli CohenReporting help from - Karishma Mehrotra, Emily Krumberger and Norihelys RamosProduced by Simon Adlerwith help from - Eli CohenOriginal music and sound designed by - Simon AdlerMixing by - Jeremy BloomEdited by - Alex Neason Our newsletter comes out every Wednesday. It includes short essays, recommendations, and details about other ways to interact with the show. Sign up (https://radiolab.org/newsletter)! Radiolab is supported by listeners like you. Support Radiolab by becoming a member of The Lab (https://members.radiolab.org/) today. Radiolab is on YouTube! Catch up with new episodes and hear classics from our archive. Plus, find other cool things we did in the past — like miniseries, music videos, short films and animations, behind-the-scenes features, Radiolab live shows, and more. Take a look, explore and subscribe! Follow our show on Instagram, Twitter and Facebook @radiolab, and share your thoughts with us by emailing radiolab@wnyc.org.   Leadership support for Radiolab's science programming is provided by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Science Sandbox, a Simons Foundation Initiative, and the John Templeton Foundation. Foundational support for Radiolab was provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation.  

Signal From The Noise: By Podcast Notes

Radiolab: Read the notes at at podcastnotes.org. Don't forget to subscribe for free to our newsletter, the top 10 ideas of the week, every Monday --------- How much does knowledge cost? While that sounds like an abstract question, the answer is surprisingly specific: $3,096,988,440.00. That's how much the business of publishing scientific and academic research is worth.  This is the story of one woman's battle against a global network of academic journals that underlie published scientific research. In 2011, Alexandra Elbakyan had just moved home to Kazakhstan after a disappointing few years trying to study neuroscience in the United States when she landed on an internet forum where a bunch of scientists were all looking for the same thing: access to academic journal articles that were behind paywalls. That's the moment the very simple, but enormously powerful, website called Sci Hub was born.  The site holds over 88 million articles and serves up about a million downloads to people in practically every country on the globe. We travel to Kazakhstan to meet the mysterious woman behind it all and to find out what it takes to make everything we know about anything available to anyone anywhere, for free.Special thanks to Vrindra Bhandari, Balázs Bodó, Stephen Buranyi, Ian Graber-Stiehl, Joel Joseph, Noorain Khalifa, Aparajita Lath, Steve McLaughlin, Marcia McNutt, Randy Scheckman Tanmay Singh, Deborah Harkness, Joe Karaganis, Lawrence Lessig, Glyn Moody, and Steven Press. Episode Credits:Reported by - Eli CohenReporting help from - Karishma Mehrotra, Emily Krumberger and Norihelys RamosProduced by Simon Adlerwith help from - Eli CohenOriginal music and sound designed by - Simon AdlerMixing by - Jeremy BloomEdited by - Alex Neason Our newsletter comes out every Wednesday. It includes short essays, recommendations, and details about other ways to interact with the show. Sign up (https://radiolab.org/newsletter)! Radiolab is supported by listeners like you. Support Radiolab by becoming a member of The Lab (https://members.radiolab.org/) today. Radiolab is on YouTube! Catch up with new episodes and hear classics from our archive. Plus, find other cool things we did in the past — like miniseries, music videos, short films and animations, behind-the-scenes features, Radiolab live shows, and more. Take a look, explore and subscribe! Follow our show on Instagram, Twitter and Facebook @radiolab, and share your thoughts with us by emailing radiolab@wnyc.org.   Leadership support for Radiolab's science programming is provided by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Science Sandbox, a Simons Foundation Initiative, and the John Templeton Foundation. Foundational support for Radiolab was provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation.  

Podcast Notes Playlist: Startup
The Library of Alexandra

Podcast Notes Playlist: Startup

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 15, 2023 43:42


Radiolab Podcast Notes Key Takeaways Sci-Hub is a library website that provides free access to millions of research papers and books, without regard to copyright It was created in 2011 by a single person named Alexandra Elbakyan All of the papers made available on Sci-Hub are copyrighted and owned, so open-sourcing them is technically illegal The four for-profit publishers that dominate the scientific journal industry are charging the scientific community to read the research that was conducted by the scientific communityAt its peak, Sci-Hub hosted over 90% of every scientific article that was ever published The publishes have sued Alexandra Elbakyan for violating copyright laws, claiming that she broke the law by distributing material that she did not have the legal right to distributeShe did not show up for the trial and became famous for not showing up to subsequent hearings and trials “Maybe I was a little bit naive. But I thought the app [was] going to overthrow academic publishing and the corporatized system.” – Alexandra Elbakyan She is involved in an ongoing copyright case in India, which she has chosen to participate in because she believes she has a higher chance of winning As part of an agreement, new uploads to Sci-Hub have been paused until a verdict is reached (they have now been paused since 2020) However, the scientific journal industry is changing and shifting more toward the open-access model By 2026, every paper that gets federal funding will be made immediately free for all to readSci-Hub may be losing the battle, but open access is winning the warRead the full notes @ podcastnotes.orgHow much does knowledge cost? While that sounds like an abstract question, the answer is surprisingly specific: $3,096,988,440.00. That's how much the business of publishing scientific and academic research is worth.  This is the story of one woman's battle against a global network of academic journals that underlie published scientific research. In 2011, Alexandra Elbakyan had just moved home to Kazakhstan after a disappointing few years trying to study neuroscience in the United States when she landed on an internet forum where a bunch of scientists were all looking for the same thing: access to academic journal articles that were behind paywalls. That's the moment the very simple, but enormously powerful, website called Sci Hub was born.  The site holds over 88 million articles and serves up about a million downloads to people in practically every country on the globe. We travel to Kazakhstan to meet the mysterious woman behind it all and to find out what it takes to make everything we know about anything available to anyone anywhere, for free.Special thanks to Vrindra Bhandari, Balázs Bodó, Stephen Buranyi, Ian Graber-Stiehl, Joel Joseph, Noorain Khalifa, Aparajita Lath, Steve McLaughlin, Marcia McNutt, Randy Scheckman Tanmay Singh, Deborah Harkness, Joe Karaganis, Lawrence Lessig, Glyn Moody, and Steven Press. Episode Credits:Reported by - Eli CohenReporting help from - Karishma Mehrotra, Emily Krumberger and Norihelys RamosProduced by Simon Adlerwith help from - Eli CohenOriginal music and sound designed by - Simon AdlerMixing by - Jeremy BloomEdited by - Alex Neason Our newsletter comes out every Wednesday. It includes short essays, recommendations, and details about other ways to interact with the show. Sign up (https://radiolab.org/newsletter)! Radiolab is supported by listeners like you. Support Radiolab by becoming a member of The Lab (https://members.radiolab.org/) today. Radiolab is on YouTube! Catch up with new episodes and hear classics from our archive. Plus, find other cool things we did in the past — like miniseries, music videos, short films and animations, behind-the-scenes features, Radiolab live shows, and more. Take a look, explore and subscribe! Follow our show on Instagram, Twitter and Facebook @radiolab, and share your thoughts with us by emailing radiolab@wnyc.org.   Leadership support for Radiolab's science programming is provided by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Science Sandbox, a Simons Foundation Initiative, and the John Templeton Foundation. Foundational support for Radiolab was provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation.  

Radiolab
The Library of Alexandra

Radiolab

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 7, 2023 43:42


How much does knowledge cost? While that sounds like an abstract question, the answer is surprisingly specific: $3,096,988,440.00. That's how much the business of publishing scientific and academic research is worth.  This is the story of one woman's battle against a global network of academic journals that underlie published scientific research. In 2011, Alexandra Elbakyan had just moved home to Kazakhstan after a disappointing few years trying to study neuroscience in the United States when she landed on an internet forum where a bunch of scientists were all looking for the same thing: access to academic journal articles that were behind paywalls. That's the moment the very simple, but enormously powerful, website called Sci Hub was born.  The site holds over 88 million articles and serves up about a million downloads to people in practically every country on the globe. We travel to Kazakhstan to meet the mysterious woman behind it all and to find out what it takes to make everything we know about anything available to anyone anywhere, for free.Special thanks to Vrindra Bhandari, Balázs Bodó, Stephen Buranyi, Ian Graber-Stiehl, Joel Joseph, Noorain Khalifa, Aparajita Lath, Steve McLaughlin, Marcia McNutt, Randy Scheckman Tanmay Singh, Deborah Harkness, Joe Karaganis, Lawrence Lessig, Glyn Moody, and Steven Press. Episode Credits:Reported by - Eli CohenReporting help from - Karishma MehrotraProduced by Simon Adlerwith help from - Eli CohenOriginal music and sound designed by - Simon AdlerMixing by - Jeremy BloomEdited by - Alex Neason Our newsletter comes out every Wednesday. It includes short essays, recommendations, and details about other ways to interact with the show. Sign up (https://radiolab.org/newsletter)! Radiolab is supported by listeners like you. Support Radiolab by becoming a member of The Lab (https://members.radiolab.org/) today. Radiolab is on YouTube! Catch up with new episodes and hear classics from our archive. Plus, find other cool things we did in the past — like miniseries, music videos, short films and animations, behind-the-scenes features, Radiolab live shows, and more. Take a look, explore and subscribe! Follow our show on Instagram, Twitter and Facebook @radiolab, and share your thoughts with us by emailing radiolab@wnyc.org.   Leadership support for Radiolab's science programming is provided by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Science Sandbox, a Simons Foundation Initiative, and the John Templeton Foundation. Foundational support for Radiolab was provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation.  

The BreakPoint Podcast
Which Theory of Evolution? Toppling the Idol of “Settled Science”

The BreakPoint Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Aug 3, 2022 4:51


In 1973, evolutionary biologist Theodosius Dobzhansky wrote that “nothing in biology makes sense except in light of evolution.” Almost 50 years later, an increasing number of scientists are asking whether evolution makes any sense in light of what we now know from biology.  A recent long-form essay in The Guardian signals just how urgent the problem has become for the most dominant theory in the history of the sciences. In it, author Stephen Buranyi, gives voice to a growing number of scientists who think it's time for a “new theory of evolution.”   For a long time, descent with slight modifications and natural selection have been “the basic” (and I'd add, unchallengeable) “story of evolution.” Organisms change, and those that survive pass on traits. Though massaged a bit to incorporate the discovery of DNA, the theory of evolution by natural selection has dominated for 150 years, especially in biology. The “drive to survive” is credited as the creative force behind all the artistry and engineering we see in nature.   “The problem,” writes Buranyi, is that “according to a growing number of scientists,” this basic story is “absurdly crude and misleading.” For one thing, Darwinian evolution assumes much of what it needs to explain. For instance, consider the origin of light-sensitive cells that rearranged to become the first eye, or the blood vessels that became the first placenta. How did these things originate? According to one University of Indiana biologist, “we still do not have a good answer. The classic idea of gradual change, one happy accident at a time,” he says, “has so far fallen flat.”  This scientific doubt about Darwin has been simmering for a while. In 2014, an article in the journal Nature, jointly authored by eight scientists from diverse fields, argued that evolutionary theory was in need of a serious rethink. They called their proposed rethink the “Extended Evolutionary Synthesis,” and a year later, the Royal Society in London held a conference to discuss it.   Along with Darwinian blind spots like the origin of the eye, the Extended Synthesis seeks to deal with the discovery of epigenetics, an emerging field that studies the inherited traits not mediated by DNA. Then there are the rapid mutations that evade natural selection, a fossil record that appears to move in “short concentrated bursts” (or “explosions”), and something called “plasticity,” which is the ability we now know living things have to adapt physically to their environments in a single generation without genetically evolving.  All of these discoveries—some recent, others long ignored by mainstream biology—challenge natural selection as the “grand theory” of life. All of them hint that living things are greater marvels and mysteries than we ever imagined. And, unsurprisingly, all of these discoveries have been controversial.  The Guardian article described how Royal Society scientists and Nobel laureates alike boycotted the conference, attacking the extended synthesis as “irritating” and “disgraceful,” and its proponents as “revolutionaries.”  As Gerd Müller, head of the department of theoretical biology at the University of Vienna helpfully explained, “Parts of the modern synthesis are deeply ingrained in the whole scientific community, in funding networks, positions, professorships. It's a whole industry.”  Such resistance isn't too surprising for anyone who's been paying attention. Any challenges to the established theory of life's origins, whether from Bible-believing scientists or intelligent design theorists, have long been dismissed as religion in a lab coat.  The habit of fixing upon a dogma and calling it “settled science” is just bad science that stunts our understanding of the world. It is a kind of idolatry that places “science” in the seat of God, appoints certain scientists as priests capable of giving answers no fallible human can offer, and feigns certainty where real questions remain. The great irony is that this image of scientist-as-infallible-priest makes them seem like the caricature of medieval monks charging their hero Galileo with heresy for his dissent from the consensus.  As challenges to Darwin mount, we should be able to articulate why “settled science” makes such a poor god. And we should encourage the science and the scientists challenging this old theory-turned-dogma, and holding it to its own standards. After all, if Darwinian evolution is as unfit as it now seems, it shouldn't survive.  

The Universe Next Door
The Buranyi Breakthrough: Is it Finally Time to Move on from Darwin? | Dr Paul Nelson & Dr Tom Woodward

The Universe Next Door

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 18, 2022 45:32


In this episode of The Universe Next Door, Dr Tom Woodward interviews Dr Paul Nelson (Discovery Institute) on a new groundbreaking article from The Guardian, a secular organization. In this article, Stephen Buranyi points to the current crisis in Darwinian evolution in which a growing number of scientists believe that it's time to move on from Darwinism, at least in its current state. The Universe Next Door Survey:https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1pW3R_zw-fXfcRTpRMsXJS1mblCuZkwfFZ0SoBoJ_n84/viewform?edit_requested=truePaul Nelson:https://www.discovery.org/p/nelson/The Guardian Article:https://www.theguardian.com/science/2022/jun/28/do-we-need-a-new-theory-of-evolutionSupport the show

The Audio Long Read
From the archive: Is the staggeringly profitable business of scientific publishing bad for science?

The Audio Long Read

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 20, 2022 49:30


We are raiding the Audio Long Read archives to bring you some classic pieces from years past, with new introductions from the authors. This week, from 2017: It is an industry like no other, with profit margins to rival Google – and it was created by one of Britain's most notorious tycoons: Robert Maxwell by Stephen Buranyi. Help support our independent journalism at theguardian.com/longreadpod

TyskySour
TyskySour: Did Covid-19 Leak From a Lab?

TyskySour

Play Episode Listen Later May 31, 2021 29:52


The idea that Covid-19 leaked from a Wuhan lab was once dismissed as a conspiracy theory. However, it now has widespread appeal among mainstream politicians and scientists. What changed? We speak to Stephen Buranyi. Did Covid-19 Leak From a Lab?

covid-19 lab leak wuhan did covid stephen buranyi tyskysour
Novara Media
TyskySour: Did Covid-19 Leak From a Lab?

Novara Media

Play Episode Listen Later May 31, 2021 29:52


The idea that Covid-19 leaked from a Wuhan lab was once dismissed as a conspiracy theory. However, it now has widespread appeal among mainstream politicians and scientists. What changed? We speak to Stephen Buranyi. Did Covid-19 Leak From a Lab?

Front Burner
The fight against Big Pharma's grip on vaccines

Front Burner

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 27, 2021 20:50


Led by South Africa and India, more than 100 mostly developing countries are calling on the World Trade Organization to temporarily waive vaccine makers’ intellectual property protections. Today, science writer Stephen Buranyi on why he believes this could boost global supply of COVID-19 vaccines, and save lives.

American Innovations
Keeping Cool | The Air Conditioning Trap | 3

American Innovations

Play Episode Listen Later Sep 10, 2020 33:03


As the Earth heats up, air conditioning is quickly shifting from a luxury to a necessity. But our reliance on ACs is also speeding up the pace of global warming. It’s the “air conditioning trap.” On this episode, Steven asks Guardian science writer Stephen Buranyi how – and if – we can escape it.Support us by supporting our sponsors!Peloton - Visit onepeloton.com to learn more.Zip Recruiter - Try it now for FREE at ziprecruiter.com/ai.

Mark Leonard's World in 30 Minutes
An energizing side-effect? How covid-19 could revive multilateralism

Mark Leonard's World in 30 Minutes

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 30, 2020 29:14


Recently, we have seen funding cuts to the WHO in the middle of the coronavirus crisis and national governments closing borders instead of calling for a G20 or G7 summit. On the positive side, we heard Spanish Foreign Minister Arancha González in our ECFR Quarantimes session arguing that covid-19 could serve as a catalyst for multilateral solutions on global health. But do this week’s podcast guests agree? Mark Leonard is joined by Gunilla Carlsson, former Swedish Minister for international development cooperation, and ECFR Senior Policy Fellow Anthony Dworkin to discuss the future of multilateral institutions like the WHO and what role the EU could play when it comes to global health? Can Europe be the forerunner? ECFR Quarantimes Session with Arancha González: https://www.ecfr.eu/article/quarantimes_arancha_gonzalez This podcast was recorded on 30 April 2020 Bookshelf: - “And the band played on. Politics, people and the AIDS Epidemic” by Randy Shiltz - Collected works by Selma Lagerlöf - “The WHO v. coronavirus: why it can't handle the pandemic” by Stephen Buranyi, The Guardian - “WHO becomes battleground as Trump chooses pandemic confrontation over cooperation” by Colum Lynch, Foreign Policy - “EU limits on medical gear exports put poor countries and Europeans at risk” by Chad P. Bown, Peterson Institute for International Economics - “The Cosmopolitan Tradition: A Noble but Flawed Ideal” by Martha C. Nussbaum

Front Burner
WHO under fire as U.S. halts funding

Front Burner

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 14, 2020 26:46


U.S. President Donald Trump has put the World Health Organization in the crosshairs, announcing Tuesday the U.S. would halt funding and accusing the agency of mismanaging the coronavirus crisis by being too deferential to China. Today on Front Burner, we take a closer look at the UN body, the organization’s track record and its limitations, with Guardian science writer Stephen Buranyi.

OBS
Återvinning kan inte rädda en värld av plast

OBS

Play Episode Listen Later Feb 5, 2019 10:00


Att etablera uppfattningen att återvinning är bra för miljön var ett smart sätt att legitimera plastens erövring av världen. David Jonstad talar om vår sopsortering som symptombehandling. ESSÄ: Detta är en text där skribenten reflekterar över ett ämne eller ett verk. Åsikter som uttrycks är skribentens egna. Det var år 2009 när jag och min vän klev ut genom hissen på högsta våningen i en av Stockholms skyskrapor. Vi var i färd med att starta en tidskrift om klimat- och hållbarhetsfrågor och sökte finansiärer. Min vän hade framgångsrikt minglat upp en miljöengagerad direktör för ett stort bolag och nu hade vi fått audiens. Allt verkade lovande. Tills frågan om återvinning dök upp. Direktören berättade entusiastiskt om en återvinningscentral i närheten av hans lantställe dit köerna ringlade långa. Det var nästan som en folkfest på lördagarna när alla kom med sina bilar och släp fyllda av saker att slänga. Jag kunde inte låta bli att fråga om han tyckte detta var bra eller dåligt. Han förklarade förnärmat att det självklart var något bra. Tänk så mycket resurser som återvanns! När jag försynt påpekade att det väl måste ses som ett problem att folk skaffar sig så mycket saker som de sedan slänger skar sig samtalet. Jag insåg då att jag brutit mot ett heligt förbund mellan miljörörelse, politiker och näringsliv en uppfattning som alla parter delade: återvinning är bra för miljön. Ju mer vi återvinner, desto mer fylls vår värld av skräp. Sedan dess har en del hänt som utmanar denna uppfattning. Trots att återvinningsbehållarna ofta är så fulla att man måste kämpa för att knöla ner sina sorterade sopor i dem, så är det somligt som vägrar att försvinna. Närmare bestämt plasten. Den är över allt. Den förenar sig till nya kontinenter som guppar runt i världshaven. Den bryts ner till mikroskopiska bitar och tas för mat av allehanda havsorganismer som för in plasten i den marina näringskedjan. Det finns mer plast än plankton i havet och om inom några decennier mer plast än fisk. Detta syntetiska stoff finns även i vattnet vi dricker och maten vi äter. Plasten har koloniserat våra liv. Ändå är det som väcker starkast känslor och som placerar plasten i den politiska skottgluggen inte detta, utan hur plasten koloniserar andras liv. I ett av de första numren av den där tidskriften som vi för övrigt finansierade på egen hand publicerade vi fotografier av döda albatrosser, tagna på en ö mitt i Stilla havet. Dessa bilder av fotografen Chris Jordan har sedan dess kommit att bli närmast ikoniska. På bilderna ses de gråa, halvt nedbrutna, fågelkropparna rama in ett maginnehåll som är märkligt färgglatt. Dödsorsaken är plast. Fåglarna har inte bara stoppat i sig hundratals plastpinaler själva, men också matat sina ungar med dem. Skärvor har skurit sönder fåglarna inifrån. Giftiga ämnen har tagits upp i magsäcken. I vissa fall har magarna varit så fulla av plast att någon mat inte har fått plats. I Storbritannien talas det om Blue Planet-effekten. Vågen av vämjelse och ilska som följt efter ett avsnitt av BBC:s populära naturfilmserie där fokus sattes på plastens naturpåverkan och som bland annat innehöll en hjärtskärande scen med en havssköldpadda intrasslad i en härva av plastavfall. Ju mer vi återvinner, desto mer fylls vår värld av skräp. Något är knas. Vad det är klarnar när jag läser om plastens historia i en lång essä i The Guardian, om återvinningsekonomins brutala strukturförändringar i Financial Times och om forskningen kring plastens effekter. Människans förhållande till plast är ett mikrokomsos av den stora konflikten mellan människa och natur, liksom vårt valhänta sätt att hantera denna. en allians av olje- och kemikalieföretag valde i stället en mer långsiktig och framför allt smartare strategi. Den bestod i att skifta fokus [...] så att problemet med plasten kom att handla om oansvariga individer som skräpade ner. Det var under efterkrigstiden som bergen av plast och annat skräp började att växa. Fram till dess hade avfallet mest utgjorts av organiskt material och utmaningen var då mer logistisk att låta det förmultna någon annanstans än på städernas gator. Glas- och metallbehållare betraktades som så värdefulla resurser att de återanvändes till nära hundra procent. Den första varianten av plast, bakelit, tillverkades i början av 1900-talet när kemister upptäckte ett sätt att få avsättning för en biprodukt från oljeindustrin. Till en början fanns inte så många användningsområden, men nya former utvecklades och under andra världskriget fick plasten sitt genombrott när den blev material i tusentals delar av det amerikanska krigsmaskineriet. När kriget var slut stod det klart för de stora oljebolagen vilken kommersiell potential som fanns i plasten och bolagen delade upp marknaden mellan sig. Sakta men säkert började det nya moderna materialet att ersätta gammeldags saker som glas, bomull och papper. Med tiden blev plasten så billig att den ofta slängdes bort så fort den fyllt sin funktion. På 1970-talet hade slit och släng-kulturen etablerat sig och den växande mängden plastavfall blivit ett problem så stort och dyrt att politikerna var tvungna att agera. Runt om i USA gjorde myndigheterna försök att förbjuda försäljningen av olika plastartiklar. Alla försök stoppades av industrin som till en början slogs med näbbar och klor mot all lagstiftning. Men snart insåg man att detta skulle vara omöjligt i längden och en allians av olje- och kemikalieföretag valde i stället en mer långsiktig och framför allt smartare strategi. Den bestod i att skifta fokus från producenterna till konsumenterna så att problemet med plasten kom att handla om oansvariga individer som skräpade ner. Man finansierade organisationer och reklamkampanjer, till en början hade man miljörörelsen med på tåget. Företagen lanserade också idén om sopsortering. Om hushållen bara kunde stoppa sitt skräp i rätt behållare lovade förpackningsindustrin att återvinna dem. Snabbspola fram till våra dagar och en värld som inte vet vad den ska ta sig till med all plast, vare sig den återvunna eller den som sprids i naturen. Det är inte bara det att det är så fruktansvärt mycket hittills har det producerats omkring ett ton plast per person men också att ingen längre vill veta av den. Av den tiondel som sopsorterats har Kina tidigare köpt upp det mesta, men eftersom plaståtervinning är en så skitig process med stora skador på hälsa och miljö har man slutat med det. Som en följd har priset på plastavfall sjunkit som en sten och i städer världen över ansamlas den sopsorterade plasten i väntan på bättre tider. Som så ofta kokar det ner till att problem inte försvinner om man bara behandlar symptomen, men struntar i orsakerna. Man minskar exempelvis inte klimatutsläppen genom att tillverka en elbil, om ni förstår vad jag menar. Men det är så dags att ta itu med orsakerna när problemen blivit helt integrerade i våra liv. Detta gäller oljan och det gäller dess biprodukt, plasten. Detta är också vad olje- och kemiföretagen insåg redan för femtio år sedan: Att etablera uppfattningen att återvinning är bra för miljön var ett smart sätt att legitimera plastens erövring av världen. Stephen Buranyi beskriver i The Guardian plastproblemets paradox: Ju större vi inser att problemet är, desto villigare är folk att agera. Men ju mer vi agerar, desto mer olösligt framstår problemet på grund av dess enorma omfattning. Hindren, skriver Buranyi, är de samma som för alla andra miljökriser: en oreglerad industri, en globaliserad värld och vår egen ohållbara livsstil. Man skulle kunna lägga till ytterligare en sak: självgodheten hos miljöengagerade med en osund förkärlek för symptombehandling. David Jonstad, författare och journalist

Startup Geometry Podcast
EP 035 Stephen Buranyi on Science Culture, Bad Data and Scientific Publishing

Startup Geometry Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 27, 2017 36:35


Stephen Buranyi writes about science and the socioeconomic structure of the scientific research system in place today. We talk about the joys and sorrows of being a scientist who has escaped the academy, how to pitch ideas for articles for general audience news publications, intentional and unintentional bad data, and the incentive structures surrounding scientific publication. My apologies for the delay effect on Stephen's end of the conversation. I like to think that it's because we were using Mr. Bell's original transatlantic cable. Show Notes and Links Stephen on Twitter Stephen at The Guardian "The High Tech War on Science Fraud" "Is the staggeringly profitable business of scientific publishing bad for science?" Podcasts associated with both of these articles are available through The Guardian site. The Metaresearch Center at Tillburg University