Podcast appearances and mentions of rebecca mcinroy

How do you bring human-centered design into systems that weren't built with humans in mind?In this episode of Two Guys on Your Head, Dr. Art Markman, Dr. Bob Duke, and Rebecca McInroy explore how small, thoughtful changes, even in complex, rigid systems, can prevent problems and demonstrate that people matter. The post Human-Centered Design: Prevention appeared first on KUT & KUTX Studios -- Podcasts.

If threatening punishment is not an effective way to change behavior or motivate people, why do we continue to do it? In this episode of Two Guys on Your Head, Dr. Art Markman, Dr. Bob Duke, and Rebecca McInroy wrap up their exploration of the psychology of punishment by examining why we rely on threats and why they still […] The post Why We Continue To Threaten Punishment appeared first on KUT & KUTX Studios -- Podcasts.

Not all punishment is created equal. While punishment can serve many purposes, it’s not always effective when it comes to changing behavior, especially if the goal is simply to avoid getting punished. In this episode of Two Guys on Your Head, Dr. Art Markman, Dr. Bob Duke, and Rebecca McInroy continue their exploration of the psychology of punishment, focusing […] The post Signal Value and Punishment appeared first on KUT & KUTX Studios -- Podcasts.

In the moment, threatening punishment to see behavior change might seem like a good idea, but does it work? It turns out it depends on your goal. In this episode of Two Guys on Your Head, Dr. Art Markman, Dr. Bob Duke, and Rebecca McInroy talk about the psychology of punishment and reveal why scolding, […] The post Threatening Punishment appeared first on KUT & KUTX Studios -- Podcasts.

It can be frustrating to be in conversations that get you nowhere, often because one party knows what they want already and is not interested in hearing the other side. In this episode of Two Guys on Your Head, Dr. Art Markman, Dr. Bob Duke, and Rebecca McInroy explore the all too common practice of […] The post Reasoning From The Desired Conclusion appeared first on KUT & KUTX Studios -- Podcasts.

As the saying goes, a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step, but when it comes to the challenges facing the American safety net, the path forward can feel overwhelming. The problems are vast and complex, and it's often hard to know where to begin—so sometimes, we don't. In this episode, host Rebecca McInroy speaks with four individuals who have dedicated their lives to improving the lives of others: Erine Gray (Founder and CEO, Findhelp), Julian Paraschiv (Co-founder and CEO, AIDA Healthcare), Amber Lombardi (Founder and CEO, Mainely Teeth), and Adrien Lewis (Founder and CEO, CarePortal). Their stories show us that meaningful change starts by identifying one problem, one gap, one issue—and committing to it with clarity and purpose. We gain valuable insights into what it takes not only to take that first step but to sustain real, lasting impact. We explore the importance of building relationships with others tackling similar challenges,  the power of embracing new technology to expand your impact, and why strong leadership and business skills are essential. Most importantly, we're reminded to keep people and problems at the center, instead of focusing on the bottom line.  

Our producer, Rebecca McInroy, spent a lot of time in Greece as an undergraduate studying and living there; she adores the country and the language. On one of her first trips there, a Greek man accused her of being from a country of “barbarians” because in the English language, there is only one word for […] The post The Word Love appeared first on KUT & KUTX Studios -- Podcasts.

Disappointment is unpleasant, but we rarely take the time to reflect on the social dimensions of the feeling. In the second episode of our series on the psychology of disappointment, Two Guys on Your Head, Art Markman, Bob Duke, and Rebecca McInroy talk about the role of disappointment as discipline. The post Disappointment: Discipline appeared first on KUT & KUTX Studios -- Podcasts.

Feeling disappointment is not pleasant, but rarely do we take the time to reflect on how re-calibrating our expectations can help us navigate disappointment more constructively. In the first episode of our series on the psychology of disappointment, Two Guys on Your Head, Art Markman, Bob Duke, and Rebecca McInroy talk about the role of expectations. The post Dissapointment: Expectations appeared first on KUT & KUTX Studios -- Podcasts.

When we see experts in action, there can be something mysterious about how they work; they seem to just “know” what to do. That process of knowing is no accident, but trying to explain that process is almost impossible. In this episode of Two Guys on Your Head, Art Markman, Bob Duke, and Rebecca McInroy discuss the psychology of explaining […] The post Explaining Intuition appeared first on KUT & KUTX Studios -- Podcasts.

When we see true experts in action, there can be something mysterious about how they work; they seem to just “know” what to do. That process of knowing is no accident. In this episode of Two Guys on Your Head, Art Markman, Bob Duke, and Rebecca McInroy talk about the psychology of educating intuition. The post Educating Intuition appeared first on KUT & KUTX Studios -- Podcasts.

We often hear the term “critical thinking” but may take for granted that we don’t think critically about what it means. In this fourth and final episode of our series on critical thinking, Two Guys on Your Head, Art Markman, Bob Duke, and Rebecca McInroy explore the psychology of emotions. The post Critical Thinking: Emotions appeared first on KUT & KUTX Studios -- Podcasts.

We hear the term “critical thinking” often but may take for granted that we don’t think very critically about what it means. In this second episode of our series on critical thinking, Two Guys on Your Head, Art Markman, Bob Duke, and Rebecca McInroy talk about the role of expertise. The post Critical Thinking: Expertise appeared first on KUT & KUTX Studios -- Podcasts.

When looking for a good restaurant or trying to figure out what film to watch or book to read, a good critic can be very useful. However, distinguishing between a critic and an influencer can be tricky. In this episode of Two Guys on Your Head, Art Markman, Bob Duke, and Rebecca McInroy talk about the psychology of the critic. The post The Critic appeared first on KUT & KUTX Studios -- Podcasts.

Now that the US election has been decided, what will the new administration mean for the American safety net, and how does the American political story influence how we understand what is possible regarding policy, allocation of resources, funding, innovation, development, and care. In our second panel discussion hosted in collaboration with the LBJ School of Public Affairs, we explored how the outcome of the 2024 US election may shape the future of the social safety net.  Filmed in front of an audience at the LBJ School's Bass Lecture Hall, the conversation was moderated by American Compassion host Rebecca McInroy. Our featured speakers were Barbara Chapman, Glen Chambers, Bob Wood, and Paul Stekler.

We evolved to learn how to trust people, but we didn’t evolve in an environment with the Internet and AI, which means that it can be difficult for us to discern fact from fiction quickly. In this episode of Two Guys on Your Head, Art Markman, Bob Duke, and Rebecca McInroy talk about what this […] The post Media and Trust appeared first on KUT & KUTX Studios -- Podcasts.

We’re not great at assessing risk, especially using ratios and percentages, but as Art Markman, Bob Duke, and Rebecca McInroy ask in this episode of Two Guys on Your Head, does it matter? The post Assessing Risk appeared first on KUT & KUTX Studios -- Podcasts.

Often, when we hear warning reports associated with certain foods or behaviors, we think we understand what is good or bad for us. However, as Art Markman, Bob Duke, and Rebecca McInroy discuss in this episode of Two Guys on Your Head, base rate neglect, we don’t have a clear understanding of what that means. The post Base Rate Neglect appeared first on KUT & KUTX Studios -- Podcasts.

The Texas Science & Natural History Museum hosted a live taping of Two Guys on Your Head, with the whole Two Guys team, Art Markman, Bob Duke, and Rebecca McInroy, to discuss the Psychology of Time. It was a wonderful conversation! In this fourth and final installment of the series, we take questions from the […] The post Time: Audience Q&A appeared first on KUT & KUTX Studios -- Podcasts.

The Texas Science & Natural History Museum hosted a live taping of Two Guys on Your Head, with the whole Two Guys team, Art Markman, Bob Duke, and Rebecca McInroy, to discuss the Psychology of Time. It was a wonderful conversation, and for the next few episodes, we’re bringing you bits and pieces of various […] The post Time: Art and Pain appeared first on KUT & KUTX Studios -- Podcasts.

The Texas Science & Natural History Museum hosted a live taping of Two Guys on Your Head, with the whole Two Guys team, Art Markman, Bob Duke, and Rebecca McInroy, to discuss the Psychology of Time. It was a wonderful conversation, and for the next few episodes, we’re bringing you bits and pieces of various […] The post Time: Perception and Memory appeared first on KUT & KUTX Studios -- Podcasts.

We concluded season 2 of American Compassion by looking at the legacy of The Great Society and asked, " If we accept the fact that there's enough money in the US to solve poverty—just accept that—then we can start asking, how?" So, in season 3, that is where we begin.  In our first panel discussion, hosted in collaboration with the LBJ School of Public Affairs, we examine the modern safety net from a broad perspective—how did we get here, what's broken, and what are the biggest challenges for Americans who need help? Filmed in front of an audience at the LBJ School's Bass Lecture Hall, American Compassion host Rebecca McInroy was joined in conversation by Dr. Pritesh Gandhi, Maninder “Mini” Kahlon, Ph.D., Isha Desselle, and Erine Gray. Episode 2, “What Happens Now?” will be recorded on Nov. 13 after the upcoming presidential election. Grab your free ticket today!

The Texas Science & Natural History Museum hosted a live taping of Two Guys on Your Head, with the whole Two Guys team, Art Markman, Bob Duke, and Rebecca McInroy, to discuss the Psychology of Time. It was a wonderful conversation, and for the next few episodes, we’re bringing you bits and pieces of various […] The post Time: Imagining Deep Time appeared first on KUT & KUTX Studios -- Podcasts.

For over 20 years, executive producer Rebecca McInroy has been creating, hosting, and producing award-winning shows for public radio and podcasts, from KUT's Views and Brews and Two Guys on Your Head, to the current podcasts American Compassion and See You Now. In our lively conversation, we discuss drinking, vaping, broken bones, religion, running, abandonment, audio, Iowa, parenting, Greece, jazz, humanity--oh, and dyslexia.   www.rebeccamcinroy.com   Support Friends with Deficits: www.patreon.com/friendswithdeficits  

During Lydon Johnson's 4 years in office, his administration shepherded through: The Civil Rights Act, The Voting Rights Act, The Economic Opportunity Act, Upward Bound, The Job Corps, Head Start, Community Action Agencies, The Elementary and Secondary Education Act, Medicare and Medicaid, The National Endowment for the Arts and Humanities, The Corporation for Public Broadcasting, PBS, and NPR, The Urban Mass Transportation Act, Cigarette Labelling and Advertising Act, The Motor Vehicle Safety Act, The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The Fair Packaging and Labeling Act, The Child Safety Act of 1966, The Water Quality Act, The Housing and Urban Development Act, The Fair Labor Standards Act, and many many other programs designed to eliminate poverty in America.  By eliminating poverty, he didn't only mean financial poverty, yet this isn't to say that LBJ ignored the economics at all. You might recall from our first episode Johnson saying, "This administration here and now declares unconditional war on poverty in America.” But we still see poverty in America today, so does that mean the war on poverty failed?  In this episode, we'll look at the legacies of the Great Society, the War on Poverty, and LBJ's Presidency.  And we'll ask, what did the policies that came out of his administration mean for the American Safety Net and why aren‘t more people aware of LBJ's social policy legacy?  Special thanks to our guests for this episode, Erine Gray, Guian McKee, Martha Baily, Julian Zelizer, Mark Updegrove, H.W. Brands, and Robert Caro. Thank you as well to The Miller Center at the University of Virginia, The American Presidency Project at The University of California Santa Barbara, The Ronald Reagan Presidential Library and Museum, and The LBJ Presidential Library and Museum in Austin Texas for their consultation and use of archived materials.  Michael Zapruder arranged and composed the music for this show, and played guitar, with Jeff Olsen on drums, Mike St. Clair on bass, and Sam Lipman on keyboards. Executive Producer, Rebecca McInroy.  Advising Editor, Jim Tuttle Intern, Frances Cutter      

Here we are in the third episode of our 4 episode season looking at how Lyndon Johnson, by passing the civil rights bill on July 2nd, 1964, and The Economic Opportunity Act on Aug. 20th, 1964, is continuing the work of Franklin Roosevelt, and doing it as a sort of interim president before he is elected in his own right in November of 1964. An election he's nervous about, an election that could find him out of politics altogether with an enormous amount of work undone and with no clear path to power within reach. One of the biggest goals left undone by FDR and through the terms of Truman, Eisenhower, and Kennedy, is that of passing a comprehensive healthcare bill for the poor and elderly.  In this episode, we explore Medicare's tenuous, and little-known road to realization and the masterminds behind its conception.  Special thanks to our guests for this episode, Erine Gray, Guian McKee, Melody Barnes, Julian Zelizer, Mark Updegrove, and Robert Caro. Thank you as well to The Miller Center at the University of Virginia, The American Presidency Project at The University of California Santa Barbara, The Ronald Reagan Presidential Library and Museum, and The LBJ Presidential Library and Museum in Austin Texas for their consultation and use of archived materials.  Michael Zapruder arranged and composed the music for this show, and played guitar, with Jeff Olsen on drums, Mike St. Clair on bass, and Sam Lipman on keyboards. Executive Producer, Rebecca McInroy.  Advising Editor, Jim Tuttle Intern, Frances Cutter

It's the summer of 1964 and Lyndon Johnson has just signed the most sweeping civil rights legislation since Reconstruction. It was a continuation of the proposal of John F. Kennedy and LBJ found a way to make it happen, but when it came to the safety net Johnson's vision encompassed far greater legislation. From healthcare to education, unemployment to the media, the arts, and beyond; and much of that work, as we touched on in the last episode, he began under FDR.  By this time LBJ had been a part of the US government for over 25 years with one goal, to become president of the United States. So 1964 after he's become president following the assassination of John Kennedy,  he now had to run for office on his own, and everything he'd worked for was on the line. President Johnson needed to make his mark and form a foundation that was truly his. Although, as we'll explore in later episodes, he is remembered for another war, it was the War on Poverty that he was willing to wager his presidency on. One of the most unique pieces of the war on poverty was Community Action. Community Action Programs or CAPS turned out to be one of the most controversial parts of the war on poverty and simultaneously one of the most revolutionary. The programs were controlled at the local level and the power was in the hands of the people who needed the resources.  In this episode, we will pull apart the fine details of the Economic Opportunity Act, and hear some conversations that illustrate the tension and the steaks of creating some of the most revolutionary safety net programs of the 20th century. We'll talk about why the war on poverty and programs like Community Action, Job Corps, and Head Start were so important to LBJ as a person and as president, we'll talk about the compromises it took to create and pass this legislation, and we'll explore the impact of programs like the Job Corps had on people like heavyweight boxing champion George Foreman.  Special thanks to our guests for this episode, Erine Gray, Guian McKee, Andrew R. Smith, Melody Barnes, and Robert Caro. And thank you as well to The Miller Center at the University of Virginia, The American Presidency Project at The University of California Santa Barbara, and The LBJ Presidential Library and Museum in Austin Texas for their consultation and use of archived materials.  Michael Zapruder arranged and composed the music for this show, and played guitar, with Jeff Olsen on drums, Mike St. Clair on bass, and Sam Lipman on keyboards. Executive Producer, Rebecca McInroy.  Advising Editor, Jim Tuttle Intern, Frances Cutter      

When we left off last season FDR's New Deal and the end of WWII meant America was out of the Great Depression. But in 1960 people were waking from dreams of Earth Angels and Chantilly Lace to times that were changing. The Civil Rights movement, The Women's Movement, and Anti-war protests were drawing attention and building momentum.  Longer nightly news broadcasts meant Americans were seeing more and gaining consciousness of what life was like not only overseas, but right in their own backyards.   People were seeing what it meant to be black in America and to be poor in America. Popular culture, especially music, reflected this, in folk music and protest songs like Odetta's Oh Freedom, in Bob Dylan's “Oxford Town” Nina Simone's “Mississippi Goddam,” and in jazz like John Coltrane's “Alabama.” These recordings brought the injustices of American life into the public consciousness in a new way. So on November 22, 1963, when the 35th president of the United States John Fitzgerald Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas, and Vice President Lyndon Baines Johnson assumed the role of president of the United States and wasted no time getting to work on continuing the legacy of not only Kennedy but of FDR. And creating a series of programs that he hoped would define his legacy as well.  In May of 1964, 6 months before he would be elected president of the US in a landslide victory. President Johnson laid out his vision for The Great Society in a speech at the University of Michigan.  And this was no pie-in-the-sky hyperbole. Johnson was the architect of the continuation of the safety net through the great society and that meant. Passing the civil rights bill was crucial for Johnson, not only because he was continuing Kennedy's legacy, but because it was a foundational piece of his Great Society and the American Safety Net.  But who was LBJ? What motivated his keen focus on domestic policy, poverty, civil rights, healthcare, and education, especially at a time when the Cold War was heating up and the war in Vietnam was on everyone's hearts, minds, and TVs? In this episode we explore Lyndon Baines Johnson the man and the president with Pulitzer Prizing-winning biographer Robert Caro, we hear conversations between LBJ with Martin Luther King Jr. and we get a better understanding of the context and the consequences of this monumental moment in American history. Special thanks to our other guests for this episode H.W. Brands, Julian Zelizer, and Erine Gray, and to The Miller Center at the University of Virginia, The American Presidency Project at The University of California Santa Barbara, and The LBJ Presidential Library and Museum in Austin Texas for their consultation and use of archived materials. Michael Zapruder arranged and composed the music for this show, and played guitar, with Jeff Olsen on drums, Mike St. Clair on bass, and Sam Lipman on keyboards. Executive Producer, Rebecca McInroy.  Advising Editor, Jim Tuttle Intern, Frances Cutter

It can be really stressful to try to make the holidays a happy time. In this edition of Two Guys on Your Head,  Dr. Art Markman, Dr. Bob Duke, and Rebecca McInroy talk about what psychological ingredients can help ensure more meaningful connections. The post Creating Happy Holidays appeared first on KUT & KUTX Studios -- Podcasts.

When it comes to theories about behavior change if it seems too good to be true it probably is. In this edition of Two Guys on Your Head,  Dr. Art Markman, Dr. Bob Duke, and Rebecca McInroy talk about the popular “Nudge” theory and why it’s not all it’s cracked up to be. The post Nudge Theory appeared first on KUT & KUTX Studios -- Podcasts.

There is playoff fever around the country and things are particularly hot here in Texas. In this edition of Two Guys on Your Head,  Dr. Art Markman, Dr. Bob Duke, and Rebecca McInroy talk about the psychology of why playoffs are so engaging. The post Playoffs appeared first on KUT & KUTX Studios -- Podcasts.

Some new research suggests that there is a lot more we consider when deciding to tell a fib or not. In this edition of Two Guys on Your Head,  Dr. Art Markman, Dr. Bob Duke, and Rebecca McInroy talk about what’s on “the lying brain” and why it matters. The post The Lying Brain appeared first on KUT & KUTX Studios -- Podcasts.

Feeling a bit nervous before an exam is normal and sometimes can even help to focus your attention. But as Dr. Art Markman, Dr. Bob Duke, and Rebecca McInroy talk about in this edition of Two Guys on Your Head,  test anxiety, can interfere with your test-taking performance, and hence not really demonstrate your aptitude for […] The post Test Anxiety appeared first on KUT & KUTX Studios -- Podcasts.

When it comes to taking tests, like college prep tests for example, why does how fast you complete the test matter? In this edition of Two Guys on Your Head, Dr. Art Markman, Dr. Bob Duke, and Rebecca McInroy talk about why speed matters when taking tests, but also why it’s not the best way to […] The post Speed and Test Taking appeared first on KUT & KUTX Studios -- Podcasts.

Recognition is important, but it can be a double-edged sword if it’s not thoughtful and honest. In fact, it might often be counterproductive when trying to cultivate self-motivation. In this edition of Two Guys on Your Head, Dr. Art Markman, Dr. Bob Duke, and Rebecca McInroy talk about intrinsic and extrinsic rewards. The post Intrinsic & Extrinsic Reward appeared first on KUT & KUTX Studios -- Podcasts.

Recognition is a big deal. When we are not recognized for the things we do that are important to us we can feel invisible. However, there are many elements to recognition that we might not, well, recognize. In this edition of Two Guys on Your Head, Dr. Art Markman, Dr. Bob Duke, and Rebecca McInroy talk […] The post Recognition and Expectation appeared first on KUT & KUTX Studios -- Podcasts.

Making judgments based on merit is a common practice in our society, but how do we determine what counts when it comes to merit, and is it the best way to judge skills and ability? In this episode of Two Guys on Your Head, Dr. Art Markman, Dr. Bob Duke, and Rebecca McInroy ask if there […] The post Merit appeared first on KUT & KUTX Studios -- Podcasts.

Why don’t we lie to get what we want? We may think that if we are in a situation where we need something we don’t have we would do almost anything to get it, including lying, but as Dr. Art Markman, Dr. Bob Duke, and Rebecca McInroy talk about in this episode of  Two Guys on […] The post Scarcity and Lying appeared first on KUT & KUTX Studios -- Podcasts.

Self-Determination Theory suggests that there are three fundamental psychological needs humans have in order to thrive: autonomy, competence, and relatedness. But what do those things mean in terms of our day-to-day lives? In the third and final installment of our Two Guys on Your Head series on Self-Determination, Dr. Art Markman, Dr. Bob Duke, and Rebecca McInroy […] The post Self-Determination Theory: Relatedness appeared first on KUT & KUTX Studios -- Podcasts.

Self-Determination Theory suggests that there are three fundamental psychological needs humans have in order to thrive: autonomy, competence, and relatedness. But what do those things mean in terms of our day-to-day lives? In part II of our Two Guys on Your Head series on Self-Determination, Dr. Art Markman, Dr. Bob Duke, and Rebecca McInroy discuss competence. The post Self-Determination Theory: Competence appeared first on KUT & KUTX Studios -- Podcasts.

Some people may feel constrained, unmotivated, or alienated, while others are curious, and feel vital and self-motivated. It turns out that these differences are not just biological but have a lot to do with social context. In this edition of Two Guys on Your Head, Dr. Art Markman, Dr. Bob Duke, and Rebecca McInroy discuss Autonomy; part […] The post Self-Determination Theory: Autonomy appeared first on KUT & KUTX Studios -- Podcasts.

Turns out that understanding the why and how of play in our everyday lives is a serious business, but still a lot of fun! Listen back as Rebecca McInroy, Art Markman and Bob Duke of Two Guys on Your Head join Alison Preston, Kirk Lynn, and Sarah Abraham for a special presentation at the Texas […]

OpenAI is previewing a new tool called ChatGPT that uses AI to generate text based on prompts.  This raises a wide variety of questions. In the last episode of Two Guys on Your Head, Dr. Art Markman, Dr. Bob Duke, and  Rebecca McInroy explored the relationship between competence vs. comprehension. In part II we ask, what […]

OpenAI is previewing a new tool called ChatGPT that uses AI to generate text based on prompts. This raises a wide variety of questions, many of which can be better understood when we look at what Dr. Art Markman, and Dr. Bob Duke, explore in this edition of Two Guys on Your Head, with Rebecca McInroy; the […]

In our last episode, we talked about how stress and discomfort aren’t always negative. Sometimes you can harness your energy by learning to reframe the negative feelings, but how do we do that? In this edition of Two Guys on Your Head, Dr. Art Markman, Dr. Bob Duke, and Rebecca McInroy talk about the process of […]

There is a common misconception that when you’re not succeeding at something all you need to do is put in more effort, when in fact it may be a better option to give up. In this edition of Two Guys on Your Head, Dr. Art Markman,  Dr. Bob Duke, and Rebecca McInroy explore quitting and […]

It’s much more efficient and effective to type LOL in a text rather than Laugh Out Loud, but can using acronyms excessively be more trouble than it’s worth? In this edition of Two Guys on Your Head, Dr. Art Markman,  Dr. Bob Duke, and Rebecca McInroy answer a listener’s question about acronyms.  

There are many aspects of healing from an injury other than just the physical element. In this episode of Two Guys on Your Head, Dr. Art Markman,  Dr. Bob Duke, and Rebecca McInroy talk about what Art learned from his recent accident about the psychology of healing from trauma and experiencing pain. 

School is back in session and for many, that means early mornings. In this episode of Two Guys on Your Head, Dr. Art Markman,  Dr. Bob Duke, and Rebecca McInroy talk about why the adolescent brain is having a particularly tough time waking up.

Compromise is at the heart of almost every aspect of life. From what our family wants for dinner, to what subjects are taught in our schools, to what is included in, and left out of, congressional legislation. Yet, sometimes it seems like a “winner takes all” mentality is taking over. Many social media feeds, television shows, and podcasts glorify the winners and prompt accomplishment over compromise, and overwhelmingly our legislative process reflects this as well. In this atmosphere, it's hard to make progress toward a more comprehensive and effective safety net.   So far in our series on the American Safety Net, we've examined wealth and poverty at the turn of the last century. We talked about what it meant to be poor without a safety net, and where those in need found housing, food, work, and a sense of safety and well-being. We talked about the role of government, philanthropy, and charity and we met Frances Perkins, and Franklin Roosevelt, two people who were integral in the shaping of the first American safety net--The New Deal.   In our final episode of season 1, we explore what compromises were made in order to get the New Deal through. We talk about how a grand vision for universal healthcare was scrapped, how cradle-to-grave social security was whittled down, and how bending on certain elements of the safety net created generational loss that is felt to this day.    Yet, we also discuss how monumental the New Deal was to America. It stabilized an American economic system that was in freefall during the Great Depression; it put people back to work; it instilled faith in the American government, and it restored hope in a people who had been crushed by poor working conditions, poverty, starvation, and insecurity. And still, Frances Perkins glumly appraised the accomplishments as but a few, “practical, flat-footed first steps.”   Join hosts Rebecca McInroy and Michael Zapruder and guests, Erine Gray, H.W. Brands, Robin D.G. Kelley, Tom Philpott, Mike Konzcle, Willow Lung-Amam, Marshall Auerbach, Penny Coleman, and David Kennedy, as we explore this complicated and rich history and what it can teach us today.