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The TWiM team reviews Salmonella colonization of three-dimensional miniature intestinal organs, and identification of a circadian clock in a non-photosynthetic prokaryote. Become a patron of TWiM. Links for this episode: Salmonella colonization of enteroids (mBio) Circadian clock in nonphotosynthetic prokaryote (Science) Image credit Music used on TWiM is composed and performed by Ronald Jenkees and used with permission. Send your microbiology questions and comments to twim@microbe.tv  

An image from a Memorial University researcher is vying to be Canada's top Science Image, we'll have a look at the Forgotten Corner of Bay Bulls, and then head over to the Postmaster's Kitchen.

Nels and Vincent reveal a new choanoflagellate that forms multicellular cup shaped colonies that respond to light to alternate between feeding and swimming behavior. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO Microbial accomplices in multicellularity (TWiEVO 11) Light regulated collective contractility (Science) Image credit Letters read on TWiEVO 48 Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Science Picks Nels - How to write a great science paper by Cormac McCarthy Vincent - Natural Selection Store Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to twievo@microbe.tv

The Immune team reveals a new type of T helper cell that drives the production of IgE, leading to allergic responses. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Stephanie Langel, and Cynthia Leifer Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts. RSS, email Become a patron of Immune! Links for this episode New type of T helper cell drives anaphylaxis (Science) Image credit Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Letters read on Immune 24 Weekly Science Picks Cindy- Lasker Award 2019 Vincent- Eleanor's Breakthrough video Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical. Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

The TWiM team presents an extracellular bacterium associated with Paramecium, and induction of antiviral immunity by a bacteriophage that prevents bacterial clearance. Subscribe to TWiM (free) on iTunes, Google Podcasts, Stitcher, Android, RSS, or by email. You can also listen on your mobile device with the Microbeworld app. Become a Patron of TWiM! Bacteria on the outside of paramecia (ISME) Phage trigger antiviral immunity (Science) Image credit Letters read on TWiM 198 Music used on TWiM is composed and performed by Ronald Jenkees and used with permission. Send your microbiology questions and comments to twim@microbe.tv

Nels and Vincent discuss the evolution of blood feeding to nonbiting in a mosquito, and evolution of bacterial virulence in the house finch caused by incomplete host immunity. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Become a patron of TWiEVO Molecular Evolution and the Cell meeting Mosquito evolution from blood feeding to nonbiting (PNAS) Mosquito blood feeding is not a free lunch (virology blog) Incomplete immunity and evolution of virulence (Science) Image credit Letters read on TWiEVO 29 Science Picks Nels - IDEA and Impossible Foods Vincent - it is NOT junk Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to twievo@microbe.tv

Sarah Tishkoff joins Nels and Vincent to explain work from her laboratory on the genetic basis of skin pigmentation in Africans. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Guest: Sarah Tishkoff Become a patron of TWiEVO Molecular Evolution and the Cell meeting Sarah AMA on Reddit Genetics of African skin pigmentation (Science) Image credit Science Picks Nels - In Defense of Plants (Shrew Loo) Vincent - Contribution of NIH funding to new drug approvals Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to twievo@microbe.tv

The TWIPniks solve the case of the Man With Diarrhea and 100 Micron Objects In Stool, and discuss the reticulocyte receptor for Plasmodium vivax. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, and Daniel Griffin Become a patron of TWiP. Links for this episode: Reticulocyte receptor for Plasmodium vivax (Science) Image credit: Parasitic Diseases, 6th Ed. Parasite Heroine: Marietta Voge Letters read on TWiP 146 Case Study for TWiP 146 27 yo male lawyer comes NY area to be seen, has 4 cm ulcer on right foot. Painless, has raised borders, minimal surrounding erythema. Going on for quite a while. Initially was papule, enlarged, ulcerated, this enlarged and has been more than 4 weeks. No past med probs, allergic to penicillin but just upset his stomach. No meds. Social habits: drinking. Own apt in NYC. Travel: 1 month before papule was whitewater rafting in Costa Rica, noticed when he got back. Wore sandals, got lots of insect bites. Afebrile, normal BP, fit athletic young man. Non tender lesion, base is red, white fibrous coating. Border raised but not undermined. No surrounding swelling, no eschar over wound, open non healing. Send your case diagnosis, questions and comments to twip@microbe.tv Music by Ronald Jenkees

The TWiPtomaniacs solve the case of the Boy With Visual Disturbances and Itching, and discuss identifying secreted and excreted proteins of Trichinella parasites. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, and Daniel Griffin Become a patron of TWiP. Links for this episode: Malaria plasmepsins involved in invasion and egress (Science) Image credit Letters read on TWiP 144 Case Study for TWiP 144 Individual in 30s, male, presented to physician with stomach upset, uncomfortable feeling in legs. Has motile objects in stools. From Vancouver BC, was eating salmon, reports was either dried/smoked or marinated. Not sure if this is relevant. Brought motile objects to physician. Send your case diagnosis, questions and comments to twip@microbe.tv Music by Ronald Jenkees

Nels and Vincent discuss a genomic analysis of the passenger pigeon, which shows that species with large and stable populations may be at risk of extinction after a sudden environmental change. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Become a patron of TWiEVO Passenger pigeon genomic diversity (Science) Image credit Letters read on TWiEVO 25 Science Picks Nels - Video of nematophagous fungi Vincent - How should novelty be valued in science? John - Evo-Devo (Despacito Biology Parody) Melanie - What's in John's Freezer Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to twievo@microbe.tv

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, and Daniel Griffin The TWiP triumvirate solve the case of the Thai Woman with Facial Swelling, and explain how Th17 T cells protect against the intracellular parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Become a patron of TWiP. Links for this episode: Th17 cells protect against Trypanosoma cruzi (PLoS Path) Plasticity of helper CD4+ cells (Science) Image credit Letters read on TWiP 120 This episode is sponsored by CuriosityStream, a subscription streaming service that offers over 1,400 documentaries and non­fiction series from the world's best filmmakers. Get unlimited access starting at just $2.99 a month, and for our audience, the first two months are completely free if you sign up at curiositystream.com/microbe and use the promo code MICROBE. Case Study for TWiP 120 A 48 yo man from Mali comes to hospital ER in Washington Heights in NY with profuse watery diarrhea. Born in Mali, came to US at 18, working in US as long haul truck driver for 30 y, frequently visits Mali, recently to attend his father’s funeral. Got symptoms one week after return (was there for 3 weeks). 3 liters diarrhea/day. No past med/surg history, not seen doctor in long time. No allergies. Unknown what father died of, Mother in Mali is ok. No medications. Some alcohol, marijuana use. Does report that has exposure to professional female sex workers, no condoms. Temp of 39 C, bp down 80/40, heart over 110, rapid breathing high 20s, cachectic. Wasted. Fungating lesion perianally. Undergoes HIV testing, clade B. T cells

Highlights of the Recent Advances in Microbial Control meeting in San Diego, and expansion of a gut pathogen by virulence factors that stimulate aerobic respiration. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Elio Schaechter, Michael Schmidt, and Michele Swanson. Subscribe to TWiM (free) on iTunes, Stitcher, RSS, or by email. You can also listen on your mobile device with the Microbeworld app. Links for this episode Fred Neidhardt obituary Recent Advances in Microbial Control Science hero Bill Fenical Virulence factors and aerobic respiration (Science) Image credit Letters read on TWiM 137 This episode is brought to you by CuriosityStream, a subscription streaming service that offers over 1,400 documentaries and non­fiction series from the world's best filmmakers. Get unlimited access starting at just $2.99 a month, and for our audience, the first two months are completely free if you sign up at curiositystream.com/m​icrobe ​and use the promo code MICROBE​. This episode is also brought to you by Drobo, a family of safe, expandable, yet simple to use storage arrays. Drobos are designed to protect your important data forever. Visit www.drobo.com to learn more. Listeners can save $100 on a Drobo system at drobostore.com by using the discount code Microbe100. Send your microbiology questions and comments (email or mp3 file) to twim@microbe.tv 

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello and Daniel Griffin Guest: Paul Daniel and Vincent solve the case of the Truck Driver from India, discuss why parasites resistant to an antimalarial drug are not transmitted by mosquitoes, and introduce Paul who presents a new case study.   Links for this episode: Atovaquone resistant parasites not transmitted by mosquitoes (Science) Image credit Letters read on TWiP 109 This episode is sponsored by CuriosityStream, a subscription streaming service that offers over 1,400 documentaries and non­fiction series from the world's best filmmakers. Get unlimited access starting at just $2.99 a month, and for our audience, the first two months are completely free if you sign up at curiositystream.com/m​icrobe ​and use the promo code MICROBE​. Send your case diagnosis, questions and comments to twip@microbe.tv

Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Nels and Vincent discuss the evolution of recombination in the genomes of birds and yeast. Links for this episode Stable recombination hotspots in birds (Science) Putting the breaks on meiosis (Science) Evolutionary stability of recombination in yeast (Science) Image credit Science Picks Nels - Tardigrade horizontal gene transfer (The Atlantic article)Vincent - Einstein's theory of relativity changed everything Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to twievo@microbe.tv

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello and Dickson Despommier Vincent and Dickson update the multistate outbreak of cyclosporiasis, discuss the avian malaria parasite P. lophurae, and review protection against malaria by intravenous immunization with a nonreplicating sporozoite vaccine. Links for this episode: Cyclosporiasis outbreak in US (CDC) Extraordinary history of REV (PLoS Biology) Avian malaria (Ann NY Acad Sci) P. lophurae (J Parasitol) TWiP infects TWiV (TWiV 248) Intravenous malaria vaccine (Science) Unconventional malaria vaccine (Science) Image of apicomplexan structure: Wikipedia Letters read on TWiP 59 Contact Send your questions and comments (email or mp3 file) to twip@twiv.tv Subscribe (free) Subscribe to TWiP (free) in iTunes, by the RSS feed or by email