Podcasts about Wing

In this episode of the Wing and Tail Outdoors podcast, Chris Romano and Dorge Huang delve into the intricacies of archery, focusing on the challenges and innovations in bow technology. Chris shares his personal journey of balancing arrow weight and speed, aiming to achieve a 300 feet per second mark with a 27.5-inch draw length. The discussion highlights the importance of understanding aerodynamics and the impact of different broadhead designs on performance. Dorge provides insights into the technical aspects of arrow flight, emphasizing the need for precision and the potential pitfalls of pushing equipment to its limits. The conversation also touches on the broader context of hunting, with Chris reflecting on the pressures of being a new father and the necessity of hunting for sustenance rather than leisure. The episode underscores the importance of preparation and the challenges of adapting to new technologies in archery. As they explore various options for optimizing arrow performance, Chris and Dorge offer valuable advice for both seasoned archers and newcomers, emphasizing the need for careful consideration of equipment choices and the impact of environmental factors on hunting success. Takeaways: Archers often wait until the last minute to prepare for the season. The importance of familiarizing oneself with new equipment before the season starts. Finding the right balance between arrow weight and speed is crucial for performance. Broadhead selection can significantly impact hunting success and arrow performance. Understanding aerodynamics is essential for achieving desired arrow flight characteristics. The choice of veins can affect arrow rotation and accuracy. Hunting under 10 yards can complicate arrow performance due to energy recovery issues. The effectiveness of broadheads can vary based on shot placement and arrow setup. Legal considerations for broadheads can vary by state, impacting hunting choices. Testing different setups is key to finding what works best for individual archers. VitalizeSeed.Com RackGetterScents.Net Firenock.com WingAndTailOutdoors.Com https://nestedtreestands.com/WT10  Discount Code WT10 SilverBirchArchery.Com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This week's program continues our feature on musical trios. We'll hear selections ranging from Peter, Paul and Mary, to The Rhythm Rats, and include Crosby, Stills and Nash, Finest Kind, instrumentalists Aly Bain. Ale Moller, Bruce Molsky and lots of others. Three is not always a crowd, sometimes that's just right ... this week on The Sing Out! Radio Magazine. Pete Seeger / “If I Had A Hammer”(excerpt) / Songs of Hope and Struggle / Smithsonian FolkwaysThe Rhythm Rats / “Indian War Whoop” / Pretty Crowin' Chicken / 5-StringMetamora / “Endless Chain” / Metamora / Sugar HillAly Bain. Ale Moller, Bruce Molsky / “Summerwaltz” / Meeting Point / WhirliePeter, Paul & Mary / “Come and Go with Me” / A Song Will Rise / Warner BrothersThe Once / “You're My Best Friend” / Row Upon Row of the People They Know / BorealisThe Waifs / “Ironbark” / Ironbark / CompassDewey Balfa, Marc Savoy & DL Menard / “Jai Ete Au Bal” / En Bas Du Chene Vert / ArhoolieCrosby, Stills & Nash / “You Don't Have to Cry” / Crosby Sills & Nash / AtlanticThe Rhythm Rats / “Flower of Edinburgh” / Pretty Crowin' Chicken / 5-StringThe Ukulele Kings / “Shoes” / Three Cool Cats / Mid MittenFinest Kind “Will You Still Love Me Tomorrow” / Silks & Spices / Fallen AngleScott Nygaard, John Reischman, Sharon Gilchrist / “Half Past Fout” / The Harmonic Tone Revealers / CorvusGathering Time / “Tanglewood Tree” / Tanglewood Tree / Triple GThe Kingston Trio / “Someday Soon” / Nick-Bob-John / Folk EraThe Henry Girls / “James Monroe” / Louder Than Words / Beste Unterhalting The Young Tradition / “Wonderous Love” / Oberlin 1968 / A Wing & A PrayerPete Seeger / “If I Had A Hammer”(excerpt) / Songs of Hope and Struggle / Smithsonian Folkways

In this episode, we dive into an exciting conversation with Robert Stehlik, founder of Blue Planet Surf and a veteran waterman, fresh off the 2025 summer racing season in Hawaii. Robert shares his experiences from the Maui to Molokai (M2M) and Molokai to Oahu (M2O) races, spotlighting the debut of the innovative Super Fly wing and the game-changing retractable leash system. From intense downwind challenges to the evolution of water sports, this episode explores the thrill, strategy, and community spirit of Hawaii's ocean racing scene, with a focus on cutting-edge gear designed for performance and safety. Super Fly Wing Release: Launched in April 2025, the Blue Planet Super Fly wing (3.2m–7m) is a performance-driven marvel crafted after extensive prototyping. With high-visibility orange, red, and yellow colors, a rigid boom for precise control, durable Dacron construction, and a single-valve inflation with dual hoses for stability, it dominated with top 5 (M2M) and top 10 (2024 M2O) finishes. Features compact wingtips, high canopy tension, and includes a repair kit, wrist/waist leash, and free U.S. shipping.Retractable Leash System Launch: Robert introduces the new retractable leash system, a safety and performance game-changer. With a 14-foot extension, steel pin, and adjustable spring tension, it keeps boards and wings apart during wipeouts, preventing injuries and equipment damage in Hawaii's powerful waves. Includes a waist belt, shock cord, and optional harness hook and wing tether.M2M Race Recap: Robert relives the Maui to Molokai race, overcoming a last-minute wing repair to finish in 1:52 with the Super Fly wing, just minutes behind top riders like Marley Franco and Livio Menelau, showcasing strategic foil choices and gear reliability.M2O Endurance Test: A raw account of the grueling Molokai to Oahu race, where Robert leveraged the 7m Super Fly wing to navigate the Ka'iwi Channel's rough waters, sharing insights on managing foot soreness from footstraps and mental endurance tactics.Para-Winging vs. SUP Foiling: Exploring the rapid rise of para-winging, its narrow wind range, and comparisons to wing foiling and SUP foiling, with thoughts on its future in races like Paddle Imua and M2M.Ocean Challenges and Community: Tales of navigating wind holes, racing with escort boats, and the camaraderie of the water sports community, with respect for veterans tackling massive channels on traditional SUPs.Hawaiian Waterman Spirit: Reflections on competition, personal growth, and the thrill of downwind runs powered by the Super Fly wing and retractable leash, set against Hawaii's unpredictable ocean conditions.Follow Robert Stehlik and Blue Planet Surf at https://blueplanetsurf.com/ or scan the QR code on their site to check out the Super Fly wing, retractable leash, and more. 

Katie Sue Nicklos joins Stephanie and Angela to talk about her glove factory Wing & Weft Gloves, owning a business in New York, and the super power of curiosity. Katie Sue took over Wing & Weft in 2017 after a career in costume tech. To find out more about Katie Sue and her store, visit their insta.  Original Music by: Yah Supreme (Yahya Jeffries-El)

08-11-25 - Details On This Year's Handle The Heat Wing Eating Contest At Native GrillSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

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Fellow Believers Pastor Jeff Weiss, Luke Tibor and Trent Loos hist the word from the Bible very hard today.

08-11-25 - Details On This Year's Handle The Heat Wing Eating Contest At Native GrillSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

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GenCon 2025 is done and we’re back! This convention gets better and better every year.  More people. More things to see. More games to play. More fun.  To everyone who … Read More

* On the Stand: This week Fred Williams and Doug McBurney welcome Donny Budinsky and Matt Nailor of Standing for Truth Ministries to discuss the Bible, science, history and the gospel! * Starting with the Bible: Hear Donny Budinsky and Matt Nailor answer Aron Ra's phylogeny challenge out of the Bible, (which happens to be confirmed by empirical science).   * Eden , Eve, the Tree, the Ark and more... Starting with the Bible, (with references to extra-biblical sources), we discuss how history, literature and science help confirm the facts of Genesis.   * Genetics Agree with the Bible: Hear how the scientific literature in the field of genetics, particularly regarding mutation rates lead honest researchers right back to the Bible!

* Exodus Story: The Exodus Story, the first album in Bob Enyart's study of the book of Exodus, explores one of the most thrilling stories in the Bible. For the first time in the Biblical record we see God directly attack Pagan deities and worldly powers. The book of Exodus sheds light not only on God's plan for Israel, but also reveals undeniable truths about man's reaction to miracles. Also hear Bob refute the argument that there is no extra-biblical evidence for the exodus. The exodus is an old story brought to new life in this unique examination. Bob Enyart draws lessons and truths that have heretofore remained undiscovered. Available on MP3-CD or download. Today's Resource: Please consider one of our monthly subscriptions that will not only help support BEL, but they also promote better understanding of the Bible and will equip you to be a better witness to those around you. BEL SUBSCRIPTIONS Monthly Audio & Video Downloads: Now you can subscribe to monthly sermons, Bible studies or topical videos in download form.  Monthly Sermons: Enjoy all of Bob's sermons from the month on Sermon Video DVDs, great also to watch with the family. Or, get these on Sermon Audio CDs which are standard audio Compact Discs that will play on any CD player including the one in your car. Or get them on a single Sermon MP3-CD which will play on an MP3 player, in a DVD player, or in your computer. Monthly Bible Studies: Enjoy the Scriptures with Bob's Monthly Bible Study DVDs, great too for a small group Bible study. Or get these teachings on a single Monthly Bible Study Audio MP3- CD which will play on an MP3 player, in a DVD player, or in your computer. Monthly Topical Videos: Coming to your mailbox, you'll get a Monthly Topical DVD to enjoy one of Bob's great videos specially selected to be entertaining and to teach about life from a biblical worldview. Monthly Best of Bob Shows: Every month our crew selects the eight best BEL shows of the month and for the folks who might have missed some of them, we mail them out on the Best of Bob MP3-CD. Monthly BEL TV Classics: Enjoy Bob Enyart's timeless, popular TV show delivered to your home on the Monthly BEL TV Classics DVDs with great audio and video clarity thanks to our state-of-the-art mastering from the studio-quality Sony beta tapes to DVD! Monthly Donation: For folks who just want to make sure that Bob Enyart Live stays on the air, please consider making a pledge in the form of a Monthly Donation.

The Mariners went all in — and we're here for it. On this episode of The Wing and a Prayer Podcast, we break down Seattle's aggressive trade deadline moves, including the return of Eugenio Suárez, the addition of Josh Naylor's gritty bat, and a bullpen boost with Caleb Ferguson. No Top 100 prospects were dealt, but the impact is real.We dive into the state of the American League, why this year's parity makes the Mariners' playoff push more urgent than ever, and how the front office finally backed up its promises. Plus, a deep look at the farm system post-deadline, and a celebration of Cal Raleigh's historic first half — 42 HRs and counting.This is the moment. The playoff push starts now. Let's rideA show about all things Mariner baseball.

Howie Wing A Saga Of Aviation 1938.xx.xx Episode 78

Ken Solosky was the NYPD's Chief Pilot on 9/11, responsible for coordinating helicopter operations during the most devastating day in modern American history. In this short teaser, you'll hear a preview of our in-depth interview with Ken, including why rooftop rescues at the World Trade Center weren't attempted and how the team coped with confusion, misinformation, and tragic loss. The full episode is available now on our new podcast: Rotary Wing Show.

In this episode of the Wing and Tail Outdoors podcast, host Chris Romano celebrates the podcast's one-year anniversary and welcomes back Al Temechko, co-owner and founder of Vitalize Seed. The conversation centers around the challenges and strategies for managing fall food plots, particularly in the face of extreme weather conditions like droughts and heavy rains. Al shares insights on soil health, the importance of maintaining a balanced carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, and the benefits of using diverse seed mixes to enhance soil fertility and plant resilience. The discussion also touches on practical methods for planting and maintaining food plots, including the use of exclusion fences, soil testing, and various planting techniques. Al emphasizes the significance of soil health in ensuring the nutritional quality of plants, which in turn affects deer feeding habits. He explains how Vitalize Seed's products, such as Nitro Boost and Carbon Load, are designed to cycle nutrients efficiently and support soil microbial activity. The conversation also explores the use of natural amendments and the importance of customer service in Vitalize Seed's business model. Al shares his vision for the company's future, highlighting their commitment to providing high-quality, sustainable products and expanding their reach beyond food plotting to broader agricultural applications. Throughout the episode, Chris and Al discuss the practicalities of food plotting, offering tips and advice for both novice and experienced plotters. They address common challenges, such as managing weed growth and optimizing planting techniques, and encourage listeners to reach out with questions or for personalized advice. The episode concludes with a discussion of Vitalize Seed's new products and their potential benefits for enhancing soil health and plant growth. Chris and Al express their shared passion for soil health and sustainable agriculture, underscoring the importance of continuous learning and adaptation in the field of food plotting. Takeaways Soil health is crucial for successful food plots. Weather extremes can significantly impact food plot success. Soil testing is essential for understanding fertility needs. Diversity in planting helps mitigate risks in food plots. Nitro Boost and Carbon Load work together for nutrient cycling. Innovative planting techniques can improve soil health. New products from Vitalize Seed enhance soil and plant health. Customer service is a priority for Vitalize Seed. Understanding deer behavior can inform planting strategies. Planning and budgeting for soil amendments is key. Show Our Supporters Some Love! VitalizeSeed.Com RackGetterScents.Net Firenock.com WingAndTailOutdoors.Com https://nestedtreestands.com/WT10  Discount Code WT10 SilverBirchArchery.Com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Each week, Paul Foster & Simon Alexander catch up for coffee. This week: The Lygon Arms, milk frothers, topping and dressing stations, best wing sauces, avocado preserving and chewing the industry fat. We are delighted to be in partnership with Unilever Food Solutions. You can download and read through their comprehensive Future Menus report here, just go to ufs.com/NightcapFutureMenus Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Under Grace

En este nuevo capítulo de "Mesa de opinión" Rosario Murrieta está acompañada del actor Rolando Breme, quien encarnó a Enrique Segoviano en la serie, el escritor Esteban Valdés, hijo de Ramón Valdés y el periodista Germán Wing para realizar el juicio en la vecindad del Chavo respecto a la bioserie de Chespirito.Acompáñanos en esta conversación y expresa tu opinión.

(image source: https://image.pbs.org/video-assets/5kg0O0I-asset-mezzanine-16x9-RIS0K1C.png) Host Matthew Donald and guest co-host Ben O'Regan discuss Hatzegopteryx, the last shadow the poor dwarf dino islanders of the Hateg basin ever saw. Oh, watch out, Zalmoxes! You're gonna get et by a jet. From the Late Cretaceous, this 36-foot wingspan azhdarchid pterosaur was basically a giraffe with wings. And a big beak poke of death. And was carnivorous. And could fly. So not really a giraffe. But it looked like one on the ground at least! And was about as big as one, too. Want to further support the show? Sign up to our Patreon for exclusive bonus content at Patreon.com/MatthewDonald. Also, you can get links to follow Matthew Donald and purchase his books at https://linktr.ee/matthewdonald. His latest book, Teslamancer, just released August 27th! And mild spoiler alert... there are kind of dinosaurs in it... mwuahahaha. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

很多同学看到这三个词，容易因拼写相似而读混。今天就来详细说说它们的地道发音差异。win [wɪn]v. 赢；获胜n. 胜利发音需注意：开头辅音 [w] 是半元音，发音时双唇收圆并向前突出，舌身后缩，气流从口腔送出，声带振动；元音 [ɪ] 是短元音，口型自然张开，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬起，发音短促有力；核心区别在结尾 —— 辅音 [n]，发音时双唇自然张开，舌尖抵住上齿龈，气流从鼻孔流出；例句：She worked hard to win the competition.她努力赢得了比赛。wing [wɪŋ]n. 翅膀；机翼；侧翼发音要点：开头 [w] 和元音 [ɪ] 的发音同 “win”；核心区别在结尾 —— 辅音 [ŋ]，发音时口型较大，舌后部抬起抵住软腭，气流从鼻腔送出，声带振动；例句：The bird spread its wings and flew away.鸟儿展开翅膀飞走了。when [wen]adv. 什么时候；何时conj. 当…… 时发音要点：开头辅音 [w] 同前两个词；核心区别在元音 ——[e] 是短元音，口型比 [ɪ] 稍大，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部抬起比 [ɪ] 略高，发音清晰短促，类似汉语中 “哎” 的短音；结尾 [n] 是齿龈鼻音，舌尖抵上齿龈，气流从鼻腔送出，声带振动。例句：When will you come back?你什么时候回来？听力练习：I'd like two chicken combos and an order of fried chicken wings.我要两个鸡腿汉堡套餐，外加一份炸鸡翅。Left-handed fighters also had higher chances to win.左撇子选手获胜的几率也更高。更多卡卡老师分享公众号：卡卡课堂 卡卡老师微信：kakayingyu001送你一份卡卡老师学习大礼包，帮助你在英文学习路上少走弯路

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Recorded live at Beatitudes Church in Phoenix, AZ on 8.3.25Preaching: Dr. Richard A. WingScriptures: 2 Timothy 3:16-17If you like what you hear, consider donating at:  https://beatitudeschurch.org/donate/To watch the full service, click here: Service of Worship | August 3, 2025

Overview of the Bible

F1 Racing and the markets. Earnings, economics and the Fed. The casino - zero date options. Thomas Thornton, Hedge Fund Telemetry is this week's guest. NEW! DOWNLOAD THE AI GENERATED SHOW NOTES (Guest Segment)     Stay Updated Thomas Thornton is a former portfolio manager, senior trader, and technical analyst with Level Global Investors and Galileo Capital. Tom has written a daily market note for a select group of hedge fund managers for years and now has offered it for all investors with Hedge Fund Telemetry. His long term focus on sentiment indicators borders on the obsessive. Our growing team at Hedge Fund Telemetry is comprised of current and former buy and sell side individuals. Hedge Fund Telemetry was first conceived with inspiration from Tom's lifelong passion following Formula 1 racing. In the early 90's, Formula 1 teams started to equip cars with sensors on every imaginable component and data was relayed wirelessly through telemetry to the pits to analyze and then instructions from the pits were relayed back to the driver so he could make changes to find the optimal balance for the car. It has always been the same way for Tom, as a senior trader at his hedge fund, he would get in early, collect data from many sources, analyze that data, and then communicate information out to his firm so his team could properly balance the firm's portfolio. It's now our goal to relay that same type of information so that one can also gain that edge. Follow @TommyThornton Check this out and find out more at: http://www.interactivebrokers.com/ Follow @andrewhorowitz Looking for style diversification? More information on the TDI Managed Growth Strategy - HERE Stocks mentioned in this episode: (MSFT), OKLO), (SMR), (WING), (NVDA), (CEG)

**SPOILERS IN THE POD** We break down recent news, Marc announces a surprising Wing of the Week, Fantastic Four First Steps, the future of the MCU and our monthly members only call-ins to end the show. Come thru and chill! #marvel #mcu #fantasticfour #f4 #comicbook #film

Remember you can join us live on YouTube every Thursday from 8pm (UK time)! Help support LDO on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/letsdroneout Join our Discord: https://discord.com/invite/8hEVqkM Get our merch here: https://letsdroneout.com/shop Get our merch via Paypal: https://paypal.me/letsdroneout/GBP Email us at letsdroneout@gmail.com Follow us on Facebook: https://fb.com/letsdroneout Let's drone out is: Jack - https://www.youtube.com/user/brightontillifly Stephen - https://www.youtube.com/user/ShinyVideoStuff CurryKitten - https://www.youtube.com/currykitten Koel - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCqkF5Al06Bs_TtnqQqADMTg Please consider becoming a Patreon and help the show keep running. Thank You! https://www.patreon.com/letsdroneout LEGAL NOTICE: Any views expressed by any guests on this show are personal and may not reflect the views of the hosts or any participant of the show.

* Of Pangolins and Protection: Fred and Ryan review the latest Creation Magazine, starting with the pangolin! Its an armored, anteater-like creature with keratin scales and unique defensive design. Evolutionists once linked it to armadillos, but genetic studies disproved the connection, forcing an appeal to convergent evolution—a recurring "rescue device" for failing Darwinian models. * Shark Skin and Airplanes: From ocean to air, shark skin's ridged structure reduces drag. Engineers have reverse-engineered this feature for airplane coatings and banned swimsuits. Like past guest Dr. Michael Egnor noted, reverse engineering proves intentional design. * A Forest from a Warmer Past: Global warming headlines falter as ancient warm-climate forests are discovered under melting snow in Wyoming.  * Dawkins vs. Dawkins: Irony strikes as atheist icon Richard Dawkins clashes with the Freedom From Religion Foundation over gender ideology. Dawkins is now censored for insisting humans can't change biological sex. As Romans 1 says, suppressing truth leads to folly. *  Life on Bennu? Not So Fast: NASA's return samples from asteroid Bennu contain racemic amino acids—both left and right-handed—suggesting death, not life. Fred and Ryan highlight the missed opportunity by CMI to support the Hydroplate Theory, which better explains why Earth-like materials (like serpentinite) are found in space. * Dire Wolves and DNA: A biotech firm claims to have "de-extincted" the Ice Age dire wolf using CRISPR and gray wolf DNA. But critics argue it's just a genetically engineered look-alike. The ethics—and science fiction parallels—raise valid concerns about modern tinkering with life. * Ant Eyes and Imaging Breakthroughs: Desert ants' compound eyes detect polarized light to navigate featureless landscapes. Chinese scientists copied this tech to enhance imaging—enabling detection of cancer cells without staining. Once again, man learns from the Master Engineer.

www.missingwitches.com/lammas-2025etsy.com/shop/LightningStruckGdnsamymiranda.combooksbydiandra.com About Missing WitchesAmy Torok and Risa Dickens produce the Missing Witches Podcast. We do every aspect from research to recording, it is a DIY labour of love and craft. Missing Witches is entirely member-supported, and getting to know the members of our Coven has been the most fun, electrifying, unexpectedly radical part of the project. These days the Missing Witches Coven gathers in our private, online coven circle to offer each other collaborative courses in ritual, weaving, divination, and more; we organize writing groups and witchy book clubs; and we gather on the Full and New Moon from all over the world. Our coven includes solitary practitioners, community leaders, techno pagans, crones, baby witches, neuroqueers, and folks who hug trees and have just been looking for their people. Our coven is trans-inclusive, anti-racist, feminist, pro-science, anti-ableist, and full of love. If that sounds like your people, come find out more. Please know that we've been missing YOU. https://www.missingwitches.com/join-the-coven/

Today we are talking about chapter 11 of the Sunbearer Trials by Aiden Thomas.The Patreon version of this episode contains ~13 minutes of bonus content, featuring the signature scent trope, beefing with crows, and our “what's something nice that you've done lately?” segment, featuring foraging, tea, and bat art. Here's the Storygraph readalong for The Sunbearer TrialsAnd here's the one for Celestial Monsters!Please consider joining our Patreon and/or sticker club! You can now give subscriptions as gifts as well!Find your hosts upon the internet:Check out Lark's art, his website, and his instagramFollow Jessie on instagram and BlueskyFollow the pod on Instagram and Bluesky!Send us your Cozy Corner content here

* Exodus Symbols: As an apologist at heart (that is, a defender of the Gospel), Bob Enyart begins this final section of our Exodus series by presenting the latest astounding discoveries from the discipline of Egyptology. Scholars and scientists have long uncovered tremendous evidence corroborating the Bible's account of creation, the global flood, the supernatural fall of Jericho, Israel's kingdom, and ultimately, the resurrection of Jesus Christ. However, scant corroborating evidence for the Exodus has long been known. So Bob presents the newly uncovered mountain of evidence for the historicity of Israel's sojourn in Egypt and then the Exodus itself! After the Holy Spirit inspired Moses to record the text for our previous two installments of this study, the story of the Exodus itself and then the Exodus legal code, God then revealed to this deliverer Israel's symbolic ordinances of the sacrifices, the tabernacle, and the priesthood. What does it all mean? Jesus taught that the Scriptures speak of Him. So, that is how we interpret the symbolic sections of the Hebrew Bible. The portions of Scripture that contain less historical narrative and more religious ritual tell us much about Christ, His sacrifice, and His mission. So, along with the teacher, the student too must begin by keeping Jesus Christ foremost in mind and in interpretation. This study uses that primary methodology, that the shed blood, the ark of the testimony, and the mediators, all speak of the Messiah. Then, Bob applies the other lessons learned from his "Hermeneutics: Tools for Understanding the Bible". As a result, the meaning of many symbolic details, particulars that at first may seem mysterious and even inscrutable, often become clear as we conclude our verse-by-verse study of the second book in the Bible, Moses' book of The Exodus! Available on audio or video.   Today's Resource: Please consider one of our monthly subscriptions that will not only help support BEL, but they also promote better understanding of the Bible and will equip you to be a better witness to those around you. BEL SUBSCRIPTIONS Monthly Audio & Video Downloads: Now you can subscribe to monthly sermons, Bible studies or topical videos in download form.  Monthly Sermons: Enjoy all of Bob's sermons from the month on Sermon Video DVDs, great also to watch with the family. Or, get these on Sermon Audio CDs which are standard audio Compact Discs that will play on any CD player including the one in your car. Or get them on a single Sermon MP3-CD which will play on an MP3 player, in a DVD player, or in your computer. Monthly Bible Studies: Enjoy the Scriptures with Bob's Monthly Bible Study DVDs, great too for a small group Bible study. Or get these teachings on a single Monthly Bible Study Audio MP3- CD which will play on an MP3 player, in a DVD player, or in your computer. Monthly Topical Videos: Coming to your mailbox, you'll get a Monthly Topical DVD to enjoy one of Bob's great videos specially selected to be entertaining and to teach about life from a biblical worldview. Monthly Best of Bob Shows: Every month our crew selects the eight best BEL shows of the month and for the folks who might have missed some of them, we mail them out on the Best of Bob MP3-CD. Monthly BEL TV Classics: Enjoy Bob Enyart's timeless, popular TV show delivered to your home on the Monthly BEL TV Classics DVDs with great audio and video clarity thanks to our state-of-the-art mastering from the studio-quality Sony beta tapes to DVD! Monthly Donation: For folks who just want to make sure that Bob Enyart Live stays on the air, please consider making a pledge in the form of a Monthly Donation.

Each week, Paul Foster & Simon Alexander catch up for coffee. This week: Wing Fest, Tucci in Italy, No Taste Like Home with Antoni Porowski and Florence Pugh, calories on menus and chewing the industry fat. We are delighted to be in partnership with Unilever Food Solutions. You can download and read through their comprehensive Future Menus report here, just go to ufs.com/NightcapFutureMenus Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Pete is a true believer. What happens if Republicans start taking back the public treasury from democrats we can see lasting republican wins. Communism poisoning the roots of the tree that is America. Wing champ Jesse. Follow The Jesse Kelly Show on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@TheJesseKellyShowSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In this episode of the Wing and Tail Outdoors podcast, host Chris Romano engages in a lively conversation with Jeremy Martin from X-Ring Custom Arrows. The discussion delves into Jeremy's journey as a hunter, exploring his early experiences in Southwest Pennsylvania, his time in the Marine Corps, and his eventual return to his roots. Jeremy shares insights into his hunting tactics, emphasizing the importance of woodsmanship and the evolution of his approach over the years. The conversation also touches on the challenges and rewards of hunting in different states, including Kentucky and Ohio, where baiting is legal, and the adjustments Jeremy made to his strategies in these environments. The episode further explores Jeremy's passion for elk hunting out West, highlighting the allure of the adventure and camaraderie it brings. Jeremy reflects on the breathtaking landscapes and the unique experiences that come with chasing elk in the mountains. The discussion also covers Jeremy's business, X-Ring Custom Arrows, where he focuses on crafting precision arrows tailored to individual needs. Throughout the episode, Chris and Jeremy share personal anecdotes and insights, offering listeners a glimpse into the world of hunting and the dedication it requires. The episode concludes with an invitation for listeners to connect with Jeremy for custom arrow builds and hunting advice. Key Topics from the Discussion: Jeremy Martin's journey from Pennsylvania to the Marine Corps and back to hunting. Early hunting influences from his neighbor and introduction to archery. Evolution of hunting tactics, focusing on woodsmanship. Adapting strategies for hunting in Kentucky and Ohio with legal baiting. Learning from experienced hunters through trial and error. Passion for elk hunting out West and the adventure it offers. Breathtaking landscapes and unique elk hunting experiences. Importance of teamwork and camaraderie during hunting trips. X-Ring Custom Arrows focuses on precision, tailored arrow builds. Balancing work, family, and hunting over the years. Persistence and adaptability in hunting, with personal success stories. Ethical considerations of hunting technology, like trail cameras. Understanding deer behavior and habitat for effective strategies. Mentorship and community's role in passing on hunting knowledge. Invitation to connect with Jeremy for custom arrows and advice. Show Our Supporters Some Love! VitalizeSeed.Com RackGetterScents.Net Firenock.com WingAndTailOutdoors.Com https://nestedtreestands.com/WT10  Discount Code WT10 SilverBirchArchery.Com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

It may be the dog days of summer, but the art world doesn't take a break, and there's plenty to talk about for our monthly roundup episode, where we parse and analyze the biggest headlines shaping the art world and industry. In this episode, we take a look at what is going on in the art scenes across London, New York, and Berlin, including some of the biennials going on this summer. Then, we get into the headlines: including a dive into a long-gestating biopic by actor Johnny Depp, called Modì: Three Days on the Wing of Madness. The new film is Depp's first directorial effort in nearly three decades, and it dramatizes 72 chaotic hours in the artist Amedeo Modigliani's life as he chases around early 20th-century Paris with artists Chaim Soutine and Maurice Utrillo. We also talk about Depp's new art drop. Is it all a rebranding exercise? After that, we break down the intrigue swirling around the U.S. pavilion for next year's Venice Biennale and what it might reveal about American cultural diplomacy in 2025. Within that fold, we take stock of a proposal from controversy-loving artist Andres Serrano and another idea from far-right American blogger Curtis Yarvin. Last but not least, we analyze the Labubu mania, a craze for these mischievous little dolls that has finally made its way into the art world and into the market. National art critic Ben Davis and our editor-in-chief, Naomi Rea joined senior editor Kate Brown on the podcast to talk about it all.

The fun finale! In this Lightning Round from the Omni Talk Retail Fast Five, sponsored by the A&M Consumer and Retail Group, Simbe, Mirakl, Infios, Clear Demand, and Ocampo Capital, Chris and Anne rapid-fire through the week's quirkiest stories. From Aldi's "Summerween" products and chicken wing preferences to party attendance data and celebrity gossip, discover the lighter side of retail trends and consumer behavior. Plus, find out which host prefers drumsticks vs. flats and who they think "leveled up" in the Katy Perry-Justin Trudeau dinner drama!

Pterosaur soft tissues It's a double new paper episode this time as thanks to the magic of almost random review and publication times, Dave has two papers out on the same subject in the same month! So strap in for some absolute minutiae on pterosaur hands, feet, scales, and the oddly overlooked wing membrane that sits between their legs. Pterosaurs in general are not very common fossils and so it should be no surprise that we don't have a great many examples of their soft tissues, from skin, to beaks and claws and other bits. So, having new examples, and synthesising the limited information we have, is really important for building an understanding of these incredible animals. It's deep dive time.       A link to Dave's blogpost on the new hand and foot scale papers: https://archosaurmusings.wordpress.com/2025/06/10/new-data-on-pterosaurian-soft-tissues/   A link to a very old blogpost about pterosaur soft tissues generally: https://archosaurmusings.wordpress.com/2008/07/25/pterosaur-soft-tissues/   Iszi'a new book - featuring a pterosaur and perfect for 6-9 year olds is out on 28th August in the UK: https://amzn.eu/d/9kFiniD (message her on iszi.com if you want international posting).

Send Us Your Grilling QuestionsThis week on Grilling To Get Away, we're talking about Johnsonville's new Pitboss Competition BBQ Rub Fresh Sausage—yep, you heard that right. We break down what makes it different, how it tasted off the grill, and whether it's worth a spot at your next cookout. We also dive into the 0-400 wing method—a newer pellet grill concept. Tune in for some practical grilling tips, honest opinions, and a little backyard BBQ banter. Follow Burn Pit BBQ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/burnpitbbqguys/ Facebook: ​https://www.facebook.com/burnpitbbq Are you a grilling novice looking to master the art of BBQ and outdoor cooking? Look no further! "Grilling To Get Away" is your go-to podcast for all things grilling, specially designed for beginners who want to embark on a flavorful journey of sizzling steaks, juicy burgers, and mouthwatering BBQ. Hosted by backyard grillers, Greg Fischer & Ben Kreple, this podcast serves up a sizzling blend of tips, tricks, and step-by-step instructions to help you become a grilling pro. Whether you're working with charcoal, gas, or a smoker, our experts will demystify the world of grilling, making it accessible and enjoyable for everyone. Each episode of "Grilling To Get Away" covers essential topics like choosing the right grill, mastering temperature control, selecting the best cuts of meat, marinating, and creating sensational rubs and sauces. You'll also learn about safety tips, grilling techniques, and troubleshooting common grilling problems. Join us as we fire up the grill, share our passion for cooking outdoors, and help you become the backyard BBQ hero you've always wanted to be. So, grab your apron, prepare your tongs, and tune in to "Grilling To Get Away" for a smokin' good time on your grilling journey. It's time to ignite your grilling passion and become a BBQ aficionado!

Gary, Kaleb, and Jake debate wings and locations (and do some husker football talk)

Defending God's Goodness Part 1

Cameron Brink to make her return from injury in the Los Angeles Sparks' match up against the Las Vegas Aces. Celebrating National Chicken Wing Day. Silver and Black Sports Network reporter and founder, Jesse Merrick joins Cofield & Company to discuss the Las Vegas Raiders' position battle for corner back during training camp, detail which wide receivers have been training camp stand outs for the Silver & Black, and give his thoughts on defensive tackle, Jonah Laulu as he stands as a candidate to replace Christian Wilkins. Las Vegas Raiders' DT Adam Bulter's comments on mental health playing a factor with Christian Wilkins being released. MMA Insider and host of SiriusXM's Autumn Windbags, RJ Clifford joins Cofield & Co. to preview Khamzat Chimaev's title fight against Dricus du Plessis for the middleweight title at UFC 319, and give his thoughts on the on-going situation with the Las Vegas Raiders releasing DT Christian Wilkins.

In Chapter 60 of Brunkhollow, our friends find a moment of respite and finally become... the Pink Prairie Club.Support the show and get access to the monthly "Notch & Soda" talkbacks! https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/tabletopnotch/subscribeFeaturing Matt (the Dungeon Master), Anthony Cascio (T.C. Welker), Avery Banks (Val), Chris London (Lamont), Deirdre Manning (Annabel M'illay), Talon Ackerman (Illien Tyrun), and Jordan McDonough (Doxley Tyrun).View the Brunkhollow Intro theme here on YouTube: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://youtu.be/tZ-62xkBN88⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠"Welcome to Brunkhollow" theme music by Ian Fisher: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://ianfishercomposer.com/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠View the character art here on Imgur: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://imgur.com/9Kybs4x⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Character art by BoneDust: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.instagram.com/bonedustreborn/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Behold! We have a new website! ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠www.tabletopnotch.net⁠⁠⁠Community made maps in this episode include...

Last time we spoke about Operation Downfall. The Allies, under General Krueger, initiated a decisive campaign to clear the Japanese from Luzon. As they faced the entrenched Shobu Group, challenges included treacherous terrain and a resilient enemy. Simultaneously, Japan braced for an invasion, mobilizing reinforcements and devising defensive strategies to ward off the impending Allied assault. As July approached, General Yamashita's forces prepared to execute a final breakout, but progress was hampered by relentless guerrilla attacks and adverse weather conditions. With Operation Downfall looming, Allied troops focused on strategic landings in Kyushu and Honshu, driven by a relentless determination to defeat the Japanese militarily. The intense battles of Luzon became a precursor to this monumental operation, marking a turning point in the Pacific War.  This episode is The Siege of Japan Welcome to the Pacific War Podcast Week by Week, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about world war two? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on world war two and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel you can find a few videos all the way from the Opium Wars of the 1800's until the end of the Pacific War in 1945.  Boy I have been waiting a long time to come to this point. One of the most significant events in human history that deeply affects us to this very day. Nuclear war is as much a threat today as it was during the cold war. The dropping of the Atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki were deeply complicated events fraught with issues of morality. It goes without saying whether or not the bombs needed to be dropped, their actual impact on the surrender of Japan and so forth are still issues hotly debated to this very day. I have spoken on the issue countless times on my personal channel and podcast, but I figure to do this subject justice I will create a full episode for it. Thus in this episode we are going to just cover what happened, but rest assured I will come back to this later on. As we last explored, following the successful invasion of Luzon in the Philippines, along with the fall of Iwo Jima and Okinawa, American forces began preparing for the final invasion of the Japanese Home Islands. This operation was codenamed Operation Downfall. One key initiative leading up to this invasion was a comprehensive air-sea blockade and bombardment campaign against Japan itself. Previously, we detailed the extensive firebombing and precision bombing efforts executed by General LeMay's 21st Bomber Command. However, during this crucial period, the B-29 Superfortress bombers undertook a distinct operation under the codename Starvation. This single operation would be one of the largest factors that contributed to the surrender of Japan and its one most people have never heard of. In July 1944, Admiral Chester W. Nimitz proposed a bold plan to use B-29 Superfortress bombers to mine the waterways surrounding the Japanese Home Islands. Although Generals Henry H. Arnold and Walter Hansell expressed concerns that this mining campaign could distract from the B-29's primary role as a strategic bombardment aircraft, they eventually agreed to assign one bomber group to focus on aerial mining when conditions permitted. On December 22, Hansell's 21st Bomber Command was directed to formulate a naval mining program aimed at executing between 150 to 200 sorties each month, which was set to begin in April 1945. However, by this time, General Curtis LeMay had taken command of the 21st Bomber Command. LeMay was notably enthusiastic about the idea and successfully recommended to Washington an upgraded mining program that aimed to deploy up to 1,500 mines each month using a full B-29 wing. LeMay viewed aerial mining in a different light than Arnold or Hansell, seeing it as a vital extension of strategic bombing. He recognized that most of Japan's war production materials, as well as a significant portion of its food supplies, were imported from regions such as China, Southeast Asia, and the Dutch East Indies. Japan's industrial heartland is primarily found on Honshu, its largest and most industrialized island, while Shikoku, another island, also lacks essential resources such as iron ore and high-quality coal. These crucial materials were sourced from Kyushu and Hokkaido, both of which are other Japanese islands. All these resources were transported by sea, so without easy access to raw materials, Japan's industrial output would come to a grinding halt. The only aircraft capable of deploying mines effectively where they were needed were the B-29s. Areas such as the Inland Sea, the Sea of Japan, and the Korean Peninsula were out of reach for other Allied aircraft. Additionally, Allied submarines could only venture into these perilous waters with great risk. Notably, about 80% of Japan's merchant fleet utilized the Shimonoseki Strait, a critical waterway that separates Kyushu from Honshu. Understanding the strategic advantage of closing this strait, LeMay decided to allocate an entire wing of B-29s specifically to mine this vital route. Brigadier General John Davies commanded the 313th Bombardment Wing, tasked with deploying approximately 2,000 naval mines each month into Japanese waters. The primary goals of this operation were to prevent essential raw materials and food supplies from reaching the Home Islands, hinder the supply and mobilization of Japanese military forces, and disrupt transportation routes in the Inland Sea of Japan. Between March 27 and April 12, Davies' bombers targeted key enemy shipping bases located in Kure, Sasebo, and Hiroshima. They also focused on the Shimonoseki Strait, a narrow and strategically important waterway that links the Inland Sea with the Tsushima Strait. Notably, after these attacks, this strait was successfully closed for two weeks. On May 3 and 5, the 313th Bombardment Wing laid down a total of 1,422 mines in the waters surrounding the Shimonoseki Strait, as well as near major urban centers like Tokyo, Nagoya, Kobe, and Osaka. These efforts aimed to severely disrupt maritime commerce between Japan's major industrial areas. Just a week later, the minefields expanded from the Shimonoseki Strait to include Kyushu, the southernmost of Japan's four main islands, and northwest Honshu, the largest island containing Tokyo. By the end of that month, these mines were proving remarkably effective, accounting for the sinking of more ships than Japanese submarines. In fact, within the Shimonoseki Strait alone, 113 ships had been sunk. Between June 7 and July 8, American forces expanded and fortified minefields along the western coast of Japan while also replenishing the existing minefields in the Shimonoseki Strait and the Inland Sea. During this effort, they successfully laid a total of 3,542 mines across 14 missions. The "total blockade" officially commenced on July 9 and continued until the end of the war. Throughout this period, American forces executed 474 sorties, dropping another 3,746 mines that replenished existing minefields and extended coverage to harbors in Korea. In total, Brigadier General Davies conducted 46 missions that laid down 26 minefields containing 12,135 mines. Remarkably, only 15 B-29s were lost during these operations. In turn, the mines accounted for the sinking or damaging of 670 Japanese ships, with a total loss of 1.25 million tons. This mining campaign effectively strangled Japanese industry, as the denial of essential raw materials to factories proved more disruptive than the direct bombing of the plants themselves.  Despite the clear vulnerability of Japan's economy to disruptions in coastal shipping, Japanese authorities were alarmingly unprepared to address the threat posed by air-dropped mines. By August 1945, Japan had committed 349 ships and 20,000 personnel to counter the Starvation campaign, but these efforts were overwhelmingly ineffective. The shipping crisis escalated to such a degree that searchlights and anti-aircraft batteries were redeployed from urban centers to defend expected mining targets. Additionally, suicide boats were employed in desperate attempts to clear the minefields. Royal Navy historian S.W. Roskill commented on the situation, stating, “The blockade had, in fact, been far more successful than we realized at the time. Although submarines initially played a critical role in enforcing the blockade, it was the air-laid mines that ultimately strangled Japan.” Japanese officials shared this assessment. A director from a Tokyo steel company reflected on the situation, noting that the denial of essential raw materials to factories caused far greater disruption than the direct bombing of the plants themselves. This contradicted the views of US Army Air Forces experts back in Washington. In a striking remark after the war, a Japanese minesweeping officer told American forces, “The result of B-29 mining was so effective against shipping that it eventually starved the country. You could have likely shortened the war by starting this campaign earlier.” Meanwhile, General LeMay continued his firebombing campaign against Japan. By the end of May, urban areas around Tokyo Bay had been devastated, prompting the 21st Bomber Command to shift focus westward toward the densely populated industrial complexes lining Osaka Bay. On June 1, 521 B-29s were dispatched to bomb industrial targets situated along the Yodo River, with an escort of 148 P-51 fighters. Unfortunately, an undetected thunderstorm struck en route, which meant only 27 P-51s reached Osaka, while another 27 crashed, and the remaining fighters had to return to Iwo Jima. Despite these complications, the B-29s bombed from altitudes ranging between 18,000 and 28,500 feet, successfully dropping 2,788 tons of incendiary bombs on Osaka. The attack resulted in the burning of 3.15 square miles, destroying 136,107 houses and 4,222 factories. Four days later, on June 3, 530 unescorted B-29 Superfortresses launched a bombing raid on the city of Kobe. Of those, 473 aircraft targeted the city, resulting in the destruction of 4.35 square miles. This devastating strike led to the demolition of 51,399 buildings, while another 928 suffered significant damage. The raid, however, came with losses, as 11 bombers were downed, and 176 were damaged in the operation. On June 7, 449 B-29s returned to Osaka. Despite facing heavy cloud cover that restricted visibility, they managed to burn an additional 2.21 square miles of the city, destroying another 55,333 buildings.  By the conclusion of General Curtis LeMay's maximum-effort area bombing campaign, the six most significant industrial cities in Japan, Tokyo, Nagoya, Kobe, Osaka, Yokohama, and Kawasaki, had been left in ruins. Major factories were either destroyed or severely damaged, while thousands of smaller household and feeder industrial units were consumed by flames. Casualty figures surged into six figures, leaving millions of people homeless. The evacuation of survivors further complicated efforts to secure labor for the factories that remained operational. Japan's air-raid protection system proved woefully inadequate to withstand a protracted siege by very heavy bombers. The system lacked sufficient organization, trained personnel, shelters, fire-fighting equipment, and facilities for relief and evacuation. Additionally, there was a significant deficiency in civilian indoctrination regarding emergency procedures. Under the relentless pressure of repeated major attacks, local Air Raid Precaution organizations collapsed, adding strain to an already overburdened imperial government. Japanese civilians, who had been conditioned by victory propaganda, displayed little of the discipline that helped German citizens endure years of aerial bombardment. As news of military defeats and the impact of B-29 precision strikes filtered into the great cities, residents began to lose confidence in their leaders' ability to protect them or care for the victims of the attacks. Abe Motoki, the Minister of Home Affairs at the time, later remarked, “I believe that after the raids on Tokyo on May 23-24, 1945, civilian defense measures in that city, as well as in other parts of Japan, were considered a futile effort.” Regarding the operational cost of this campaign for the 21st Bomber Command, it was not considered excessively burdensome. Over the course of 17 maximum-effort incendiary attacks, LeMay dispatched a total of 6,960 B-29s, which dropped 41,592 tons of bombs. The losses amounted to 136 B-29s, averaging only 1.9% of the sorties, a rate significantly lower than what had been endured in earlier months, and quite acceptable by the standards of conventional strategic bombing. Meteorologists predicted that the summer monsoon would keep Japan's skies covered with clouds for most of the upcoming months, from June to August. As a result, LeMay shifted strategies under what became known as the Empire Plan. This approach prioritized targeting industrial and military sites during daylight hours when the weather permitted, while secondary cities that had sufficient industrial capability became targets for nighttime area attacks. This change meant that since no single target warranted a full four-wing maximum effort, multiple missions could be scheduled in a single day. Accordingly, on June 9, 110 B-29s attacked three aircraft factories located in Narao, Atsuta, and Akashi. The strikes successfully destroyed the factories in Narao and Atsuta, but an unfortunate miscalculation led to the bombing of the town near Akashi. The following day, June 10, a force of 280 B-29s, escorted by 107 P-51 Mustang fighters, targeted six distinct sites in the Tokyo Bay area. The mission yielded significant results, with all targets sustaining heavy damage. Finally, on June 15, 516 B-29s were dispatched for one last firebombing raid against Osaka and the neighboring city of Amagasaki. In this combined assault, 444 bombers dropped over 1,350 tons of incendiary bombs, incinerating an additional 1.9 square miles in Osaka and more than half a square mile in Amagasaki. Starting on June 17, General Curtis LeMay's firebombing campaigns began to focus on medium-sized secondary cities across Japan. On that day, 477 B-29 Superfortresses targeted the cities of Omuta, Hamamatsu, Yokkaichi, and Kagoshima, burning a combined total of six square miles in these urban areas. The success of this initial multi-target mission ensured the continuation of the program, establishing an operational pattern that would remain standard during the final weeks of the war. In total, multiple incendiary attacks were conducted on sixteen occasions, averaging about two missions per week. Between June 17 and August 14, American forces carried out 8,014 sorties, dropping a staggering 54,184 tons of incendiaries across 58 secondary cities. On June 22, 446 B-29s were dispatched to strike six targets located in southern Honshu, including the crucial Kure Naval Arsenal. In this mission, 382 bombers released 2,103 tons of bombs, inflicting heavy damage to these essential manufacturing facilities. Just four days later, on June 26, a force of 510 B-29s, accompanied by 148 P-51 Mustang escorts, targeted locations in southern Honshu and the nearby island of Shikoku. However, dense clouds over much of the area complicated assembly and forced many aircraft to attack targets of opportunity individually or in small groups. As a result, adverse weather conditions would delay subsequent daytime raids until July 24.  In the coordinated strike program that commenced in June, the decision to focus on either the Empire Plan or urban industrial targets was largely influenced by weather conditions. As the program took shape, the 315th Bombardment Wing (VH) became available for combat operations. This wing operated somewhat independently from the other bomber units, with its activities significantly guided by the specialized equipment of its aircraft. Authorized for deployment in the Pacific in December 1944, the 315th settled at Northwest Field, Guam, during May and June. Its commander, Brigadier General Frank A. Armstrong, Jr., was a seasoned veteran of the strategic air offensive against Germany. The B-29s of the 315th Wing differed in two key respects from those of other units. They were equipped with the AN/APQ-7 (Eagle) radar, a sophisticated radar system designed for bombing, instead of the conventional AN/APQ-13 radar. The latter had primarily served as a navigational aid. While crews had become adept at using the AN/APQ-13 for night or poor-weather bombing, it lacked the precision necessary for accurate strikes. The Eagle radar, however, offered significantly greater definition and, although it required a long bomb run averaging seventy miles, this was not considered a serious hindrance in the tactical context of Japan. To further enhance its night-bombing capabilities, the Superfortresses had been stripped of all armament except for the tail gun. This modification, along with the Eagle radar, clearly marked the 315th as a dedicated night-bombing unit. There were various proposals for the use of these specially equipped B-29s, including high-altitude bombing, area bombing, and aerial mining. However, by the time the 315th Wing was ready for combat, the 313th Bombardment Wing had already gained proficiency in aerial mining, while all wings had become adept at area bombing using the AN/APQ-13. Training for the 315th had focused heavily on night radar tactics, with less emphasis on visual bombing and daytime formation flights. It was evident that if the Eagle radar was to undergo a thorough scientific evaluation, it should be tested against a specific set of targets that were preferably large in size and located along the coastline. In the view of the 21st Bomber Command, the oil industry met these requirements perfectly. The 315th Bombardment Wing initiated its specialized campaign on June 26 with a targeted strike against the Utsube Oil Refinery in Yokkaichi, the top-priority target. By August 14, the wing had conducted 15 additional missions against a total of 10 targets, which included various petroleum refineries and synthetic plants, such as the Maruzen Oil Company in Wakayama, Mitsubishi Oil Company in Kawasaki, and Nippon Oil Company plants spread across Akita, Kansai, Kudamatsu, and Amagasaki, as well as the Imperial Fuel Industry Company in Ube and Toa Fuel Industry in Wakayama. During the campaign, the 315th Wing dispatched a total of 1,200 B-29s, 1,095 of which successfully bombed their primary targets, dropping 9,084 tons of 500-pound general-purpose bombs deemed particularly effective against the scattered installations. The increase in bomb load capacity was made possible by stripping the planes of unnecessary equipment and conducting bombing missions individually at night. As the crews gained experience, they were able to increase the average weight carried from 14,631 pounds during the first mission to 20,684 pounds by August 9. Despite concerns about safety from removing most of the aircraft's armaments, only four planes were lost and 66 sustained damage throughout the campaign. The 20th Air Force estimated that the B-29 attacks led to the destruction of approximately 6 million barrels of tank storage capacity, and the United States Strategic Bombing Survey (USSBS) reported that refining capacity had been reduced from 90,000 barrels a day in December 1941 to around 17,000 barrels. However, the strategic impact was more apparent than real, as many storage tanks were empty and refinery production had fallen to just 4% of capacity before the very heavy bomber campaign began. The lack of precise intelligence regarding the state of Japan's economy had justified the emphasis on the oil program as a form of reinsurance. Nevertheless, the blockade had effectively severed the nation's oil resources, resulting in tankers remaining idle at the docks. On July 1, Admiral Halsey's 3rd Fleet departed San Pedro Bay to initiate the first preliminary strikes in preparation for Operation Olympic. This operation involved battleships and heavy cruisers conducting surface bombardments of industrial targets in eastern Japan, while lighter forces performed anti-shipping sweeps along the coast. Additionally, a fleet of submarines advanced ahead of Admiral McCain's Task Force 38 to eliminate picket boats and establish lifeguard positions. At 18:15 on July 9, the force began its 25-knot approach toward the Home Islands, launching its first strikes against the Tokyo area at 04:00 on July 10. A total of 1,732 sorties were executed, targeting locations from Koriyama to Hamamatsu, dropping 454 tons of bombs and 1,648 rockets over Honshu with negligible opposition. American airmen reported the destruction of 109 enemy aircraft and damage to 231 during these strikes.   Following this, Halsey's fleet moved north to bombard Hokkaido and northern Honshu, which were beyond the effective range of the B-29s and had previously evaded attack. At 05:59 on July 14, Rear-Admiral John Shafroth's Bombardment Group Able, consisting primarily of three battleships and two heavy cruisers, was tasked with attacking the Kamaishi Works of the Japan Iron Company. By midday, Shafroth's forces had opened fire on Kamaishi, marking the first surface bombardment of Japan by a hostile fleet in over 80 years. Between 12:10 and 14:19, a total of 802 16-inch shells, 728 8-inch shells, and 825 5-inch shells were expended, setting the town ablaze as key industrial and residential targets were hit and resulting in the sinking of one oil tanker, two barges, and one small ship in the harbor. Simultaneously, McCain's carriers closed to within 80 nautical miles of Japan, launching 1,391 sorties against Hokkaido and northern Honshu to target railways, shipping, and airfields, again facing only light resistance. In the ensuing strikes, American planes sank over 50,000 tons of shipping and naval craft, including the destroyer Tachibana, four minesweepers, eight naval auxiliaries, and around 20 merchant vessels, with significant losses occurring at Muroran and Hakodate. In addition, 25 enemy planes were destroyed, while American losses totaled 24 aircraft and 17 airmen, about half of whom were lost in combat. Task Force 38 launched another assault on July 15, executing 966 combat sorties that dropped 355 tons of bombs and expended 2,093 rockets. This operation resulted in the sinking of 65 vessels and damaging 128 others, as well as the destruction of 48 locomotives and damage to 28. Widespread destruction was inflicted on several facilities, particularly the Aomori–Hakodate railcar ferry system, which transported 30% of the coal between Hokkaido and Honshu. The strikes devastated the ferry system, sinking eight ferries, beaching eight more, and damaging two. In total, 70 auxiliary sailing colliers were sunk, and 11 were damaged, along with 10 steel freighters lost and 7 damaged. The ferry strikes were the brainchild of Halsey's operations officer, Captain Ralph “Rollo” Wilson. “When the first action reports began to sift in,” Halsey related: He snatched them up and pored over them; the ferries were not mentioned. Later reports also ignored them. Rollo was sulking and cursing when the final reports arrived. I heard him whistle and saw him beam. “Six ferries sunk!” he said. “Pretty soon we'll have ‘em moving their stuff by oxcarts and skiffs!”  Additionally, 20 city blocks in Kushiro were razed. The most significant outcome of these operations was the virtual severance of Hokkaido from Honshu. By the end of the raids, Halsey's 3rd Fleet had achieved the sinking of 140 ships and small craft, damaging 235 others, and destroying 38 planes while damaging 46. Meanwhile, Rear-Admiral Oscar Badger's Bombardment Group Baker, composed of three battleships, two light cruisers, and eight destroyers, was assigned to bombard Muroran. Between 09:36 and 10:25, this group fired 860 16-inch shells at the Nihon Steel Company and the Wanishi Ironworks, targeting both the coal liquefaction plant and coke ovens. This bombardment inflicted severe damage on those facilities and resulted in the destruction or damage of 2,541 houses in Muroran. As Hasley recalled “These sweeps and bombardments accomplished more than destruction. they showed the enemy that we made no bones about playing in his front yard. From now on, we patrolled his channels and shelled his coast almost every night that the weather permitted.” Additionally, Rear-Admiral James Cary Jones' four light cruisers conducted a sweep along the east coast of Honshu to hunt for Japanese shipping; however, they reported no contacts during their mission. Early on July 16, Task Force 38 retired east of Honshu to begin refueling and rendezvoused with Admiral Rawlings' Task Force 37, which agreed to operate closely as an additional task group for Admiral Halsey. At 03:50 on July 17, the two task forces began launching strikes against central Honshu despite adverse weather conditions. The American forces executed 205 sorties targeting the Mito area, while British aircraft flew 87 sorties against airfields and railyards along the northwest coast of Honshu. Despite the bad weather, several small craft and locomotives were destroyed, though the operation resulted in the loss of nine aircraft and four airmen. Later that afternoon, Halsey detached Badger's augmented Bombardment Group to attack Hitachi, a significant industrial and electronics-producing city. The 53-minute bombardment commenced in fog and rain at 23:14, during which 1,207 16-inch shells, 267 14-inch shells, and 292 6-inch rounds were expended against the Tago and Mito Works of the Hitachi Manufacturing Company, as well as the Yamate Plant and copper refining facilities of Hitachi Mine, resulting in severe devastation. On July 18, McCain's two leading carriers launched a total of 592 sorties against Yokosuka, specifically targeting the heavily camouflaged battleship Nagato at the naval base. The attacks resulted in the sinking of one old cruiser, one minesweeper, one submarine, one incomplete destroyer, and three patrol vessels, in addition to damaging one subchaser, one old destroyer, and one old battleship. Although Nagato was hit multiple times and suffered heavy damage, it managed to stay afloat. Meanwhile, three carriers also targeted airfields and other opportunities in Tokyo, while Task Force 37 attacked a seaplane base at Kitaura and airfields at Nobara, Naruto, Chosi, Kanoike, Natori, and Kitakawa. The recent raids resulted in the destruction of 43 enemy planes and damage to 77 others on the ground, along with the destruction of three locomotives and the derailing of four electrified train cars by rockets. However, the American forces incurred losses of 14 aircraft and 18 aircrew, as the 3rd Fleet flyers reported encountering the fiercest anti-aircraft fire they had yet experienced. Additionally, Rear-Admiral Carl Holden's four light cruisers were detached during the night to sweep shipping off Sagami Bay and to target the radar site at Cape Nojima. On July 21, Captain Thomas Hederman's Destroyer Squadron 61, consisting of nine destroyers, was assigned to conduct another anti-shipping sweep off Sagami Bay. Pursuing four radar contacts, the destroyers engaged targets at midnight on July 22, firing guns and torpedoes from 7,000 yards. This action resulted in the sinking of the 800-ton freighter No.5 Hakutetsu Maru and damaging the 6,919-ton Enbun Maru. In response, Japanese coastal artillery, the minesweeper W-1, and subchaser Ch-42 returned fire, but Hederman's squadron successfully retired without damage. Although minor in scale, the Battle of Sagami Bay would ultimately be the last surface action of the war. Meanwhile, as part of Operation Barney, a planned submarine penetration of the Sea of Japan, nine submarines succeeded in sinking 27 Japanese merchant vessels and one submarine, totaling 54,786 tons.  On June 8, the submarine Barb commenced her twelfth patrol, tasked with terrorizing the Sea of Okhotsk using her newly installed 5-inch rocket launchers. Over the following weeks, Skipper Commander Eugene “Luckey” Fluckey executed successful rocket bombardments on Shari, Hokkaido, and targets in Shikuka, Kashiho, and Shiritoru on Karafuto (southern Sakhalin), also employing the submarine's deck guns to destroy 35 sampans in the town of Kaihyo To. Observing Karafuto trains transporting military supplies to ports, Fluckey devised a plan to intercept these trains. Engineman Third Class Billy Hatfield recalled how, as a child, he had placed nuts on railroad ties and watched as the weight of passing trains cracked them between rail and tie. Realizing this principle could be adapted, he suggested rigging an automatic detonator. Fluckey had many volunteers for the mission, including a Japanese POW, and carefully selected Hatfield and seven others, deciding against leading the shore party himself. Just after midnight on July 23, 1945, Fluckey maneuvered Barb to within 950 yards of the Karafuto coast. Led by Lieutenant William Walker, the team launched two rubber rafts at 00:30. Before they left, Fluckey instructed them, “Boys, if you get stuck, head for Siberia, 130 miles north, following the mountain ranges. Good luck.” Upon reaching the shore, the Americans located the tracks and buried a 55-pound scuttling charge and battery beneath the rails, positioning it under a water tower they planned to use as a lookout. As Motor Machinist's Mate First Class John Markuson climbed up, he unexpectedly found he was scaling a sentry tower, causing him to retreat without alerting the sleeping guard. When a train passed, the team dove for cover before resuming their work after it had gone by. Shortly after 01:30, Walker's team signaled their return to Barb, which was now just 600 yards offshore. Fifteen minutes later, while the boats were halfway back, Fluckey heard the rumble of an approaching train. He hoisted a megaphone and urged the crew to “Paddle like the devil, boys!” At 01:47, a 16-car Japanese train struck Hatfield's detonator, resulting in a massive explosion that sent debris soaring 200 feet into the air and reportedly killed 150 Japanese. Minutes later, all eight Americans were safely aboard Barb, which then slipped back into the night, having successfully executed the only amphibious invasion of Japan during World War II. Returning to the main action, Halsey aimed to eliminate the remnants of the Combined Fleet at the heavily fortified Kure Naval Base. Consequently, Task Force 38 began launching the first of 1,363 sorties against ships and airfields in Kyushu, Shikoku, and Honshu, ringing the Inland Sea at 04:40 on July 24. A total of 599 tons of bombs and 1,615 rockets were unleashed over Kure, resulting in the sinking or damaging of 22 warships, which totaled 258,000 tons. Among the affected vessels were the battleships Hyuga, Ise, and Haruna; fleet carriers Amagi and Katsuragi; the escort carrier Kaiyo; heavy cruisers Tone and Aoba; as well as light cruisers Oyodo and Kitakami. In addition, another 53 vessels amounting to 17,000 tons were sunk at various locations, including Hiroshima Bay, Niihama, Bungo Channel, and Kii Channel. At Kobe, the incomplete fleet carrier Aso was also attacked and damaged. American Hellcats and Corsairs effectively swept aside Japanese aerial opposition, shooting down 18 enemy planes while destroying 40 aircraft and damaging another 80 on the ground. Furthermore, around the Inland Sea, 16 locomotives were destroyed and five were damaged, while 20 hangars sustained damage. Three oil tanks were set ablaze at Kure and one at Tano. Additionally, four electric trains and a roundhouse were strafed at Hamamatsu, and various military installations, including barracks, warehouses, power plants, and factories around the airfields, received significant damage. Simultaneously, Rear-Admiral Rawlings' Task Force 37 conducted 257 sorties against targets in Japan and the surrounding offshore areas, sinking the escort carrier Shimane Maru in Shido Bay, along with a number of destroyers, small escorts, and coasters. Meanwhile, Jones' light cruisers swept through the Kii Channel before bombarding the Kushimoto seaplane base and airfields at Cape Shionomisaki during the night. Supporting these efforts, General LeMay dispatched 625 B-29s against seven targets in the Nagoya and Osaka areas, successfully inflicting heavy damage on all of them despite the spotty weather, marking this as the last major attack on the Japanese mainland during the war, as two weeks of cloudy weather ensued. In the early hours of July 25, McCain's aircraft carriers resumed launching strikes against airfields and shipping in the Inland Sea and the Nagoya-Osaka areas. During this operation, they executed a total of 655 sorties, expending 185 tons of bombs and 1,162 rockets, successfully sinking nine ships totaling 8,000 tons and damaging another 35 vessels. The strikes also resulted in the downing of 21 Japanese planes, with an additional 61 aircraft destroyed on the ground and 68 damaged. After refueling on July 27, Halsey's carrier forces moved to launch points located 96 nautical miles off Shikoku. At 04:43 on July 28, they resumed strikes over the Inland Sea, focusing on targets from northern Kyushu to Nagoya, as well as airfields across Honshu along the Sea of Japan. This resulted in McCain flying a total of 1,602 sorties, dropping 605 tons of bombs and expending 2,050 rockets. These attacks sank 27 ships, amounting to 43,000 tons, including the battleships Ise and Haruna, the fleet carrier Amagi, and the Combined Fleet flagship Oyodo. Additionally, 78 vessels totaling 216,000 tons were reported damaged, among them the fleet carrier Katsuragi, heavy cruiser Tone, and light cruiser Kitakami. American pilots reported the destruction of 21 Japanese aircraft in the air and claimed 115 destroyed on the ground across 30 area airfields. They also successfully destroyed 14 locomotives, four oil cars, two roundhouses, three oil tanks, three warehouses, one hangar, and a transformer station. In support of these efforts, Task Force 37 conducted 260 sorties against the eastern Inland Sea, targeting the dockyard at Harima and sinking or severely damaging four corvettes at Maizuru. Meanwhile, the 7th Air Force's 11th and 494th Bombardment Groups carried out a day-long raid on Kure, successfully sinking the heavy cruiser Aoba. By sunset that evening, the Imperial Japanese Navy had effectively ceased to exist, though the cost for the Americans was steep, with losses amounting to 101 planes and 88 men since July 24. As Halsey moved east to target the Osaka-Nagoya area, Shafroth's reinforced Bombardment Group was detached on July 29 to bombard Hamamatsu. During the night, they successfully unloaded 810 16-inch shells, 265 14-inch shells, and 1,035 8-inch shells, damaging the Imperial Government Railway locomotive works, igniting a blaze at the Japanese Musical Instrument Company, and wreaking havoc on infrastructure along the critical Tokaido main line. The following day, McCain's carriers conducted 1,224 sorties against airfields in Osaka, Kobe, Maizuru, and Nagoya, expending 397 tons of bombs and 2,532 rockets. These strikes resulted in the sinking of 20 vessels totaling 6,000 tons and damaging another 56 ships. The pilots also claimed destruction of 115 enemy aircraft on the ground, while inflicting severe damage on numerous industrial targets, including aircraft factories and naval docks in Maizuru. In Miyazu Bay, the destroyer Hatsushino struck an air-dropped naval mine, marking the final loss of 129 Japanese destroyers sunk during the war. That night, seven destroyers advanced deep into Suruga Bay, unleashing 1,100 5-inch shells on Shimizu within seven minutes, successfully destroying or damaging 118 industrial buildings. Typhoon weather would impede the operations of the 3rd Fleet for the next two weeks, as Admiral Nimitz ordered Halsey to steer clear of southern Japan, which was set to become the target of a new and deadly weapon: the atomic bomb. The U.S. Army had begun its project to develop an atomic bomb on August 16, 1942, under the auspices of the Manhattan Project. The project was directed by Major-General Leslie Groves and involved renowned scientists such as Robert Oppenheimer, Enrico Fermi, Niels Bohr, Richard Feynman, and Albert Einstein. Over time, it expanded to include a design center at Los Alamos and two production facilities at Hanford and Clinton. By August 1945, the teams at Los Alamos had successfully designed, developed, and built a gun-type atomic bomb capable of forcing five pounds of uranium-235 against another 17 pounds at high speed, thereby achieving critical mass and releasing immense heat, light, blast, and radiation. The team was also experimenting with an even more powerful device: the plutonium bomb, which utilized an implosion method whereby a sphere of plutonium was compressed by conventional explosives to reach criticality. By early August, scientists had managed to produce enough nuclear material to create only one uranium device, known as Little Boy, and one plutonium bomb, referred to as Fat Man. Each weapon had the potential to annihilate an entire city, and American leaders were prepared to use them if it could compel the Japanese Empire to surrender without necessitating an invasion of Japan. A Targeting Committee led by Groves, consisting of Manhattan Project and Air Force personnel, recommended Hiroshima, Niigata, Kokura, and Nagasaki as primary targets.  Groves' Targeting Committee employed several criteria to select sites for atomic bomb targets. The chosen targets had to possess strategic value to the Japanese and be situated between Tokyo and Nagasaki. Additionally, the target needed to feature a large urban area with a minimum diameter of three miles and must be relatively untouched by previous bombings, ironically spared for potential atomic destruction at a later stage. A crucial condition was that, to the best of their knowledge, these areas should harbor no concentrations of Allied prisoners of war. However, this requirement was challenging to ascertain accurately due to a lack of reliable information about the locations of prisoners. Initially, the committee considered 17 candidates and selected five primary targets: Hiroshima, Yokohama, Kokura, Niigata, and Kyoto. On May 28, they narrowed the list to three: Kyoto, Niigata, and Hiroshima. Hiroshima was significant as it housed Hata's 2nd General Army headquarters and featured a large shipyard, while Niigata was a major industrial city with an important port. Moreover, Kyoto held considerable cultural and religious significance for the Japanese. Secretary of War Stimson, having previously cautioned General Arnold about the humanitarian consequences of targeting cities with incendiary bombings, insisted on removing Kyoto from the list after intense discussions with Groves. On July 21, President Truman concurred with Stimson during their meetings in Potsdam, deciding that Kyoto should be spared. Subsequently, Kokura, known for its large arsenal and ordnance works, replaced Kyoto. Additionally, LeMay's staff reportedly included Nagasaki as an alternate target due to potential weather issues, as it was home to Mitsubishi's arms factories, electric production facilities, ordnance works, and extensive dockyards, making it a valuable target. Meanwhile, a high-level civilian Interim Committee, under Secretary of War Henry Stimson, ultimately advised President Truman on the use of nuclear weapons, reasoning that their deployment would be no worse than the current incendiary bombing campaigns against Japan. The committee also recommended that an atomic bomb be deployed as soon as possible, without warning, to maximize shock value and target a "war plant… surrounded by workers' houses." Following a successful operational test of the experimental plutonium bomb conducted at Trinity on July 16, President Truman authorized General Spaatz to prepare for the bomb drops before August 3. Colonel Paul Tibbets' 509th Composite Group had been specially organized in secret since September 1944 to deliver nuclear weapons, and by June, it had arrived at Tinian under the command of LeMay's 21st Bomber Command. General Twinning replaced LeMay as commander of the 21st on August 1, and he would ultimately issue the direct orders for Tibbets to drop the atomic bomb. The atomic bomb mission had a convoluted command structure. The Joint Chiefs of Staff were largely left out of the chain of command. LeMay was Tibbet's nominal commander; however, Groves still had extensive control over the operation through his deputy Brigadier General Thomas Farrell on Tinian. The 21st Bomber Command would determine when the atomic bomb mission was launched, based on suitable weather conditions. Even at this stage, General of the Air Force Henry "Hap" Arnold and LeMay were still skeptical about the Manhattan Project; they thought B-29 incendiary and high-explosive bombing operations would suffice to end the war soon. LeMay even questioned the 509th CG pilots' ability to conduct the mission; he wanted seasoned Pacific B-29 veteran crews to drop the nuclear cargo. While the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) and Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) prepared for an impending invasion, the U.S. Army Air Forces (USAAF) continued its bombing campaign against Japan. The crews of the 509th Composite Group needed to acclimate to the navigational challenges, varied weather conditions, extensive distances, and the geography of the region, all while becoming accustomed to combat situations. Training commenced at Tinian on June 30, with conventional operational missions over Japan beginning on July 20. To prepare for their atomic missions, the crews trained with "pumpkins," which were specially constructed bombs designed to mimic the appearance and weight of nuclear weapons. This allowed them to practice handling and releasing the bombs. They also rehearsed navigational procedures, visual bomb release techniques, and dropping the weapon at an altitude of approximately 30,000 feet. Following the drop, the crew conducted high-speed, radical turns to evade the nuclear effects after detonation. During their first mission, a B-29 from the 509th sought an alternative target in Tokyo. The crew aimed to drop their 10,000-pound "pumpkin" on the Imperial Palace, but unfortunately, they missed their target. Had they succeeded in killing the emperor, it could have significantly impacted Japan's decision-making process, potentially fortifying the Japanese people's resolve to continue the war. Military leaders might have seized control in the aftermath, pushing their forces to keep fighting. Throughout their training, the units of the 21st Bomber Command intentionally avoided targeting Hiroshima, Niigata, Kokura, and Nagasaki during these practice runs. In total, Tibbets directed his crews on numerous combat missions that targeted 28 cities and involved the dropping of 49 "pumpkins." Remarkably, the 509th lost no aircraft during these operations. While Tibbets focused on perfecting the delivery method, the weapons Little Boy and Fat Man were being transported to Tinian. Some weapon assemblies were delivered by C-54 and B-29 aircraft from Kirtland Field near Albuquerque, while the cruiser Indianapolis delivered the fissionable material for Little Boy from San Francisco on July 26. Four days later, the submarine I-58 unexpectedly attacked the Indianapolis with six torpedoes while the cruiser was en route to Guam, successfully sinking it. Of the crew, 850 Americans survived the sinking, and another 316 were belatedly rescued by August 8. By July 31, most of the assembly of Little Boy had been completed. However, a detonation expert would need to emplace the cordite charges to fire the uranium "bullet" through the gun device to the uranium core after take-off, minimizing the risk of an inadvertent nuclear explosion in the event of a B-29 crash. Additionally, the crew carrying the atomic bomb had to exercise caution when descending once Little Boy was armed because the primary radar or a backup barometric fuse could potentially trigger an explosion if the aircraft descended too rapidly with the fuses in place. On August 2, B-29 crews arrived at Tinian with the assemblies for Fat Man. On that same day, General Twinning and President Truman approved the plan to bomb Hiroshima. Two days later, Colonel Tibbets briefed the crews about the mission, confirming that he would pilot the aircraft carrying the atomic bomb. Tibbets' B-29 No. 82, later named Enola Gay, was supported by three weather reconnaissance aircraft that reported conditions at Hiroshima, Kokura, and Nagasaki, as well as two additional B-29s assigned to conduct scientific and photographic missions. At 02:45 on August 6, Enola Gay took off from Tinian, with diversionary attacks by 604 B-29s throughout Japan also scheduled for that day, as coordinated by Twinning. After passing through Iwo Jima at approximately 05:55, Captain William Parsons and Second-Lieutenant Morris Jeppson armed the bomb at 07:30. Throughout the journey, the B-29s ascended slowly, reaching an altitude of over 30,000 feet as they crossed Shikoku and Honshu, finally reaching Hiroshima at 31,060 feet. At 09:12, Tibbets executed his final approach from the 'initial point', flying east-west over the city towards the intersection of the Ota and Motoyasu Rivers. Approximately at 09:15, Little Boy was released, and Enola Gay immediately began its turn away to escape the impending explosion. However, the bomb mistakenly descended towards the Shima Surgical Hospital rather than the intended target, the Aioi Bridge. At 09:16, Little Boy detonated at an altitude of 1,890 feet, just as Tibbets was about six miles away from the blast point. As a result of the atomic blast, the immediate area around the epicenter was heated to an astonishing 1 million degrees Celsius, instantly incinerating or vaporizing all people, animals, buildings, and other items within that zone. Hiroshima police officials estimated that immediate casualties amounted to 71,379 individuals who were either killed or reported missing. In the surrounding areas, the blast effects crushed unreinforced structures before igniting them, resulting in an additional 68,023 wounded, with 19,691 of those injuries classified as serious. Subsequent assessments, potentially incorporating the impacts of radiation sickness or more precise accounting, recorded 30,524 individuals as seriously wounded and 48,606 as slightly wounded. Just two minutes after detonation, a growing mushroom cloud of highly radioactive dust and debris soared to a height of 20,000 feet. Within eight minutes, Tibbets' crew could observe the mushroom cloud from 390 miles away. Ultimately, the dust cloud peaked at approximately 60,000 feet in altitude. Soon after, a thick, black, radioactive rain fell upon the areas beneath the cloud. The center of the city was utterly devastated; over four square miles of the urban center, which encompassed seven square miles in total, were completely flattened, resulting in about 60% of the city's area being destroyed. An additional 0.6 square miles suffered damage, while more than 75% of the city's 90,000 buildings were obliterated. The ensuing fires compounded the devastation, contributing to countless deaths and injuries. Tragically, some American prisoners of war were present in Hiroshima and lost their lives in the explosion. Meanwhile, Enola Gay safely returned to Tinian at 14:58, where Tibbets was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross, while the rest of the crew received Distinguished Flying Crosses for their participation in the mission. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. Japan was broken. To be perfectly honest she had been broken long ago. Her leadership had been spending months trying to figure out the best possible way to surrender, while the civilians and troops were suffering horribly. Aerial mining strangled her of food, high explosive and incendiary bombs, killed untold scores of people, and then the Atomic weapons were let loose upon her. It was over.

Our spoiler free review of Fantastic Four, Predator:Badlands trailer, Predator: Killer of Killers, Marvel News, DC News, Clayface, Booster Gold, Futurama, Starfleet Academy, Wolfenstein, Rick & Morty, Hot Wheels, lots more

To Tithe... or Not to Tithe

In this heartfelt episode, Deborah talks with Diandra Ford-Wing about healing through grief by writing. Diandra shares how creating her book helped her process deep sorrow and became a source of comfort for others. What began as personal healing turned into a message of hope. Tune in to discover the power of storytelling in finding peace after loss!  Here are the things to expect in the episode:Diandra's personal journey through loss and her path to becoming an author.Diandra's unique writing process.How writing became a healing tool during grief.The transformative feeling of becoming an author.How Diandra's book resonates with readers and offers comfort.And much more! About Diandra:Diandra Ford-Wing is a passionate storyteller and dynamic Sales Director who discovered the healing power of writing during a period of profound grief. Growing up as an Army brat, Diandra's formative years were spent in culturally diverse settings, including Germany, which shaped her unique narrative style.After the loss of her mother, Sandra, Diandra embarked on a transformative journey that inspired her debut memoir, Red Bird. Through this work, she shares her personal reflections on love, loss, and resilience, hoping to inspire others facing life's trials.Diandra lives with her husband, Ben, and their two cherished doodles, CoCo and XuXa (ShoeSha). When not writing, she enjoys the simple joys of life and continues to explore storytelling as a path to connection and healing. Connect with Diandra Ford-Wing!Website: https://www.booksbydiandra.com/LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/diandrafordwing/Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/diandrafordwing/Book: Red Bird by Diandra Ford-Wing Book Recommendations:The Color Purple by Alice WalkerThe Bluest Eye by Toni MorrisonBeloved by Toni Morrison   Connect with Deborah Kevin:Website: www.deborahkevin.comSubstack: https://debbykevin.substack.com/Instagram: www.instagram.com/debbykevinwriterLinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/deborah-kevin/Book Recommendations: https://bookshop.org/shop/storytellher Check out Highlander Press:Website: www.highlanderpressbooks.comTikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@highlanderpressInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/highlanderpressFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/highlanderpress

In a recent episode of The Restaurant Report, host Paul Barron sat down with two industry veterans to dissect the rapidly evolving fast casual landscape. Cherryh Cansler, Publisher of Fastcasual.com, and Brian Shunia, Co-Founder of Wing Snob, shared insights on what's driving growth in this competitive sector and how brands are adapting to changing consumer demands.~This episode is sponsored by: Gusto → https://gusto.pxf.io/PBN ~#1 rated HR platform for payroll, benefits, and moreWith Gusto's easy-to-use platform, you can empower your people and push your business forward. See why over 400,000 businesses choose Gusto.FastCasual #RestaurantTech #FranchiseGrowthGet Your Podcast Now! Are you a hospitality or restaurant industry leader looking to amplify your voice and establish yourself as a thought leader? Look no further than SavorFM, the premier podcast platform designed exclusively for hospitality visionaries like you. Take the next step in your industry leadership journey – visit https://www.savor.fm/Capital & Advisory: Are you a fast-casual restaurant startup or a technology innovator in the food service industry? Don't miss out on the opportunity to tap into decades of expertise. Reach out to Savor Capital & Advisory now to explore how their seasoned professionals can propel your business forward. Discover if you're eligible to leverage our unparalleled knowledge in food service branding and technology and take your venture to new heights.Don't wait – amplify your voice or supercharge your startup's growth today with Savor's ecosystem of industry-leading platforms and advisory services. Visit https://www.savor.fm/capital-advisory

We get to crack open the Black Templars and Grey Knight codex.  There is some great stuff here and then some stuff that has us scratching our heads.  We find … Read More

Some swifts and frigatebirds stay aloft for months. But for a long time, scientists did not know if the birds might be sleeping on the wing. A 2016 study provided answers. Tiny devices attached to the heads of frigatebirds revealed fascinating information: the birds did sleep while aloft, most often one half of the brain at a time. But they also fell into normal, whole-brain sleep and sometimes, even deeper REM sleep. But this deepest sleep came in bursts of just a few seconds — an inflight power-nap.More info and transcript at BirdNote.org.Want more BirdNote? Subscribe to our weekly newsletter. Sign up for BirdNote+ to get ad-free listening and other perks. BirdNote is a nonprofit. Your tax-deductible gift makes these shows possible.

In part two of this NorthEastern Hunter Showcase, Chris and Matty B dive deeper into the world of hunting, sharing personal stories and expert insights on choosing and maintaining hunting equipment. Matty B, a seasoned hunter, discusses his experiences with various bows, emphasizing the importance of reliability and familiarity with one's gear. The conversation highlights the significance of building relationships with local shops for support and advice, ensuring hunters are well-prepared for any situation. Chris and Matty also explore the nuances of hunting strategies, from scouting and setting up stands to understanding deer behavior and adapting to different terrains.The episode further delves into the emotional aspects of hunting, such as dealing with buck fever and the adrenaline rush of spotting a target. Matty B shares his approach to staying calm and focused, drawing parallels between his training as a police officer and his hunting practices. The discussion also touches on the importance of patience and learning from each hunt, whether successful or not. Listeners will gain valuable insights into the mindset and preparation required for a rewarding hunting experience, making this episode a must-listen for both novice and experienced hunters. Takeaways The importance of choosing reliable and familiar hunting equipment to ensure success in the field. Building relationships with local shops can provide valuable support and advice for hunters. Understanding deer behavior and adapting hunting strategies to different terrains is crucial. The significance of patience and learning from each hunt, regardless of the outcome. Techniques for managing buck fever and staying calm during critical moments. The role of scouting and setting up stands in strategic locations to increase hunting success. The value of regular maintenance and proper storage to extend the life of hunting gear. Insights into the emotional aspects of hunting, including the adrenaline rush and excitement. The benefits of practicing different shooting scenarios to prepare for unexpected situations. Emphasizing the importance of ethical hunting practices and making informed decisions. VitalizeSeed.Com RackGetterScents.Net Firenock.com WingAndTailOutdoors.Com https://nestedtreestands.com/WT10  Discount Code WT10 Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices