Podcasts about CD4

Guests, Trent Leisy and Mark Hampton VIDEO: 1. Laura Loomer Promo: Did then CD4 candidate Lauren Boebert pay to make sure another candidate, Trent Leisy got “loomered” by Laura Boomer? Trent reveals what happened. Plus Parker Conservatives Mark Hampton on cowardly Dougco Clerk backing out of a meeting with election integrity experts.

Prof Angus Dalgleish is a professor emeritus of oncology at the University of London who is recognized worldwide for his contributions in cancer and HIV research. Dr. Dalgleish is the co-discoverer of identifying the CD4 receptor as a major cellular receptor for HIV.  He has published approximately 500 papers in the peer-reviewed literature. He was a member of a selective group led by former MI6 head Richard Dearlove who referred to themselves as the Covid Hunters. As early as March 2020, just a few months after the first announcement of the pandemic coronavirus, this group stated the Covid-19 virus originated from the Wuhan Institute of Virology.   Prof. Dalgleish has been an outspoken critic of government lockdowns, mask mandates and the Covid vaccines, notably the mRNA vaccines by Pfizer and Moderna.

What happens when scientific curiosity meets life-changing opportunity? Nicole Mumbi shares her remarkable journey and provides a powerful answer to this question.Moving from Nairobi, Kenya to Boston in 2019, Nicole faced the challenge of cultural transition while nurturing her budding interest in science. Though initially experiencing culture shock and language barriers, her determination never wavered. A simple middle school experiment on atmospheric pressure had already planted the seed of scientific fascination that would shape her future path.When Nicole's high school guidance counselor suggested applying to the BioBuilder Apprenticeship Program, she seized the opportunity despite her fears and busy academic schedule. At Ginkgo Bioworks' Learning Lab, Nicole and her team developed "Break the Stigma" – an innovative at-home HIV detection project that engineered bacterial cells with CD4 receptors to detect the virus in blood samples. This first-hand laboratory experience transformed her understanding of science from textbook concepts to real-world applications.The technical skills Nicole gained – from PCR to scientific presentation – became the foundation for her subsequent internship at the prestigious Ragon Institute. Now thriving as a Biochemistry and Molecular Biology student at UMass Amherst, she gives back by tutoring other students in chemistry while contemplating whether her future lies in research, medicine, or a combination of both.Throughout her story, Nicole emphasizes the importance of pushing past imposter syndrome to take chances. "I remember having this imposter syndrome person talking to me saying, 'I don't think you have enough qualifications,'" she shares. "But I was grateful for my mom's encouragement to partake in opportunities without feeling like an outsider."Learn more about BioBuilder's programs for students, educators, and industry professionals here

Dr. Tara Reid from the University of Washington Division of Allergy & Infectious Diseases and Dr. Meena Ramchandani discuss Dr. Reid's recent study to identify key T. pallidum proteins which stimulate CD4 T cell response to syphilis. View episode transcript and reference at www.std.uw.edu.This podcast is dedicated to an STD [sexually transmitted disease] review for health care professionals who are interested in remaining up-to-date on the diagnosis, management, and prevention of STDs. Editor and host Dr. Meena Ramchandani is an Assistant Professor of Medicine at the University of Washington (UW) and Program Director of the UW Infectious Diseases Fellowship Program. 

A patient with a CD4 count < 200 cells/mm3 is MOST likely to be diagnosed with which condition? Find it all out in the podcast!  Be prepared for the NPTE so that you can pass with flying colors! Check out www.ptfinalexam.com/podcast for more information and to stay up-to-date with our latest courses and projects.  #Npte #PT /#ptboards #crushtheNPTE #study #studygram #spt #ptstudent #ptlife #sptprobs #physicaltherapystudent #physicaltherapy #physio #physiotherapist #ptlife #ptstudentstudy

The body's immune response to syphilis and how the response impacts the development of a vaccine is complex. Dr. Tara Reid from the University of Washington Division of Allergy & Infectious Diseases delves into the various responses and the difficulties of vaccine development with Dr. Meena Ramchandani. View episode transcript at www.std.uw.edu.This podcast is dedicated to an STD [sexually transmitted disease] review for health care professionals who are interested in remaining up-to-date on the diagnosis, management, and prevention of STDs. Editor and host Dr. Meena Ramchandani is an Assistant Professor of Medicine at the University of Washington (UW) and Program Director of the UW Infectious Diseases Fellowship Program. 

Os damos la bienvenida a la 5ª temporada. Vuestra línea de tarot on line erótico abre sus puertas con la colaboración de cinco maravillosas Madames tarotistas que estarán dispuestas a leeros el recuento de CD4 y los posos de pipa de tina. Libres y locas. Estigmatizadas y adictas. Sucias y enfermas. Regresamos del verano totalmente empoderadas y muy orgullosas de nuestra anormalidad. Bienvenides a una nueva era de vuestro podcast de confianza.

Dr. John Lewis earned his BS in Business Administration from University of Tennessee, his MS in Exercise Physiology also from the University of Tennessee and then his PhD in Education and Psychological Studies from University of Miami in Coral Gables, Florida. In the 90's and early 2000's he grew in rank at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine in various areas of research. I tracked him down in 2014 to find out more about his study titled “The Effect of an Aloe Polymannose Multinutrient Complex on Cognitive and Immune Functioning in Alzheimer's Disease”.RESOURCES:Get Daily Brain Care:https://drlewisnutrition.com/Visit the Show Blog Page:https://drhaley.com/reversing-alzheimers-diseaseSubscribe to Dr. Lewis on YouTube:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC5xvuUBaSGsAuSo4ZxhNR0AGet Aloe from Haley Nutrition:https://haleynutrition.com/Who is Dr. Reg McDaniel:https://www.drreg.net/about/TIMESTAMPS:00:00 Intro Snip00:41 Introduce Dr. John Lewis01:40 How is it possible "Sugar Is Good For You"?04:07 What was the study "The effect of an aloe poly mannose multi nutrient complex on cognitive and immune functioning in Alzheimer's disease" about?04:25 Why aren't studies of this nature typically financed through organizations like NIH and Alzheimer's Association?10:33 Why a couple was willing to donate so much money to study nutrition for a disease process when even positive results would only amount to dietary recommendations11:25 A psychiatrists perspective that food could never help - only drugs work. (He was wrong!)12:10 Why doctors are so blind to the fact that nutrition plays such a large role in the allowance of and recovery from disease.13:00 Dr. Reg McDaniel's ("Reg") story about realizing how nutrition plays a role in disease and may even make the HIV viral load undetectable.16:50 How Dr. Wesley Calvin, a naturopath, had patients with HIV that became "HIV undetectable" by consuming aloe vera.20:30 How the psychiatrist that was part of the aloe multi-nutrient study came to realize that nutrition could make a difference.22:19 What was the product used in the study on cognitive health and Alzheimer's disease?23:37 how positive were the results of this study?23:56 What is the "ADAS-Cog"?24:55 What is the difference between clinically and statistically significant?28:41 What is the amount of product people had to have to get these positive results and is more better?29:53 Can you consumer more than is recommended?30:27 What is your theory on how the mechanism of the benefit was?31:07 What is the CD4 to CD8 ratio and how was it affected by the multi-nutrient complex used in your study?33:20 How did the polymannose multi-nutrient product affect stem cell production?35:10 What is neuroplasticity?37:10 What is the summary of benefits shown by this study?39:40 Product Reveal "Daily Brain Care" in the canister and capsules44:49 What are the special sugar molecules found in the "Daily Brain Care" products?52:00 The study done in the 30's showing mannose when given to rats that were in ketosis53:27 Dr. Robert LoPinto who mentioned Dr. John Lewis and his lecture at the FCA55:08 What is the principle investigator?55:43 What does "peer reviewed" mean?

On today's episode of The Wholesome Fertility Podcast, I welcome Dr. Allison Snowden.   Dr. Allison Snowden is a renowned healer, coach, medical intuitive, and Theta® Healing Expert with over 15 years of experience serving thousands of clients and students from around the world. She offers highly sought-after services including in-person and virtual healing sessions, group sessions, and retreats. Dr. Snowden also trains other healers and medical professionals through her signature programs and courses within the Awakening Institute.   She holds a Doctorate of Acupuncture and Chinese Medicine from the Pacific College of Health & Sciences in San Diego, CA, and has advanced training through the Theta® Healing Institute. Dr. Snowden continues her professional development through regularly attending courses, workshops, and seminars. Her diverse, multi-disciplinary experiences in healing, yoga, integrative medicine, traditional medicine, and Theta® Healing enable her to help patients prevent and recover from trauma-related damage by identifying and releasing the root causes of illness and challenges.   Episode Takeaways: Trauma can have long-lasting effects on the body and mind, and it is important to address and heal it. Reconnecting with our bodies and listening to their messages is essential for healing and well-being. Theta Healing is a powerful technique that combines belief system work and trauma healing. Healing trauma and shifting belief systems can lead to embodiment, empowerment, and a more fulfilling life. Societal beliefs and conditioning can have a significant impact on women's bodies and hormones. Understanding one's own trauma history is crucial for women's health and fertility. The nervous system plays a role in storing information and can affect overall well-being. Tapping into divine wisdom and living in one's truth can lead to healing and empowerment.   Website: https://drsnowden.com/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/drallisonsnowden/     For more information about Michelle, visit: www.michelleoravitz.com   Check out Michelle's latest book here: https://www.michelleoravitz.com/thewayoffertility   The Wholesome FertilityFacebook group is where you can find free resources and support: https://www.facebook.com/groups/2149554308396504/   Instagram: @thewholesomelotusfertility   Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/thewholesomelotus/     Transcript:   Michelle (00:00) Welcome to the podcast, Dr. Snowden. So nice to meet you. And as I'm sitting here, I see you. Not everybody's going to be seeing this because it's a podcast, but I see a beautiful flower of life behind Dr. Snowden. And we both are like really obsessed with that symbol. So we'll definitely talk about that. But before we get started, I would love for you to introduce yourself.   Dr. Allison Snowden (00:02) Hi.   Michelle (00:28) Give us your background, how you got inspired to do the work that you do today.   Dr. Allison Snowden (00:34) Great, thank you so much. Thank you so much for having me on here. My name's Dr. Allison Snowden. I'll just go with the formal and then I'll get into the real juicy stuff, right? I have my doctorate and master's in Chinese integrative medicine. I also did massage therapy for about 10 years as well.   and also did a lot of energy work training, Reiki, all of the ones. Like I think my whole 20s and 30s, I was just doing extra seminars. So I definitely am an education junkie because, know, in my, just in my value system, really what we take out of this world is experiences, knowledge, and like our consciousness.   And so I really value investing in my education, but then also just in really upleveling my consciousness. And my journey as a healer, think, I feel like I was born, I was born into a healing family. I was born, my mom's a nurse, my dad's a physician. So I feel like it's just a part of my blood and my   I feel like my first initiation in that was my sister had childhood cancer when I was six. And so she was really sick for a year. And I think that's just when that part of me was activated of like, how can I help her? What is going on? And also just really just wanting to understand.   why the human body isn't working, what is going on. So I think that was the first initiation. And I also, it was very hard for me because I was a very empathetic, very sensitive child, very shy. People that I meet now, you my 40s, they're like, you're shy. And I was like, yeah, I worked really hard on it. And so it was really...   Just seeing her go through chemo, she survived. And then for about 10 years, she would just get sick. And so they didn't know she had an autoimmune deficiency at that point. But I just saw her getting sick, missing school. She had to be on IV antibiotics. And I was just like, why? This just seems like it's not getting anywhere. Like it's just the cyclical thing.   I also was mortified at how people treated her sometimes. I'm very mortified on how people treat chronic pain patients and just people in general sometimes. I mean, let's just be honest, like the lack of sometimes kindness and compassion just for people that are going through something, just for the normal person sometimes isn't there. And that like, I saw, I witnessed that as an observer.   you know, going to get my sister's homework and my sister always looked beautiful, even though she had cancer or she had, you know, like, you know, high mono levels or, and so like a lot of people just didn't have like a scarcity of compassion. So that was very, that, that was very impressionable on me at that age. It actually really mortified me. because I never thought that there was like   there's always endless compassion. is, you know, how does it hurt someone to give someone compassion? So at a young age, I didn't really understand that. And then I just saw a lot of death. And so I was like, in this kind of, you know, I grew up in like, you know, upper middle class, you know, society where it looked like our life was, you know, picture perfect. And it was, I had a lot of love in my family,   You know, my sister was continuously sick. They didn't know. And then everyone who she went through chemo with was just dropping dead. And so there was just a lot of death. So I started to pray to God. was like, I want to understand what the hell life is about. Cause I see, you know, it's, it's something to see when you see your sister who's getting a spinal tap done and they didn't, you know, use any anesthesia.   Michelle (04:25) wow.   Dr. Allison Snowden (04:42) and you see how all of this stuff, it's just like micro traumas. You see this and you're like, what is going on? So I just prayed and my cousin died around when I was 14, just in an accident like that. So it was just kind of like all these things. And I think I just had an existential crisis and I was just praying very hard. I didn't know about manifestation back then.   I didn't know any of those principles, but I just was like, God, show me what life is about. God, what happens when you die? I need to know what like I just had this overwhelming need to understand. So a year and a half later, sister is yet again in the hospital and they just find out that she has an autoimmune disease that was associated with her.   cancer, was Burkett's lymphoma and it was associated with a CD4 immune disease. And so they were like, do not go on spring break. My parents had already paid for it. I already had a friend coming. So we went and I'm not going to get into like the details of that, but I had a near near death experience. I was assaulted and then run over by a motor vehicle that was going about 60 miles per hour.   Michelle (06:00) my God. Wow.   Dr. Allison Snowden (06:01) So I had a near -death experience. I, you know, shot out, like, if anyone's listening to this, I know it's not a death podcast, but I   Michelle (06:11) No, no, talk about it because I actually find this really interesting and I think we can learn a   Dr. Allison Snowden (06:16) The, I, cause my cousin died of a violent, you know, pretty catastrophic motor vehicle accident. And I always worried that he was in pain and he died alone. And like, I just like created this drama in my head, like how horrible it was for him. And I'm just here to say that that doesn't happen. It's very quick. I didn't feel a thing. And,   I went up into this unconditional love of just pure bliss, love, all knowing, homelessness. And I was, I always say to people, that was the best vacation I've ever taken, you know, like literally just unconditional love. It's beyond time and space. and I felt like I was just restored and we remembered a lot of things when I was up there. but it was part of my path, I think to,   be a healer and really to understand trauma and also how to heal it and also especially with women as well. And so I had all of these different downloads up there and I decided to go back and when I was almost, and when you decide it's like faster than light, know, it just is like you're in your body.   Michelle (07:14) Yeah.   Dr. Allison Snowden (07:29) I was like, as I was going in, that voice of the divine was like, bring this energy down to earth. And I was like, what? I mean, I would be sitting in the hospital and like, am I supposed, like, can you like translate that for me? Like, can you like give me a to -do list? Like, what do you mean? Right? So, you know, I come back.   There is a whole drama of getting me back home. I had to have emergency surgery and then I was in the hospital, in and out of the hospital for about three years. And then I had like more years of just, you know, just nutrient deficiencies that no one found because I was not going to a functional medicine doctor or someone who really took time. had a thyroid condition, no one diagnosed. I just,   The lack of care in the aftermath of that really made me suffer. And it's not that anyone had any bad intentions. It's just like in our medical system, it's like once the bones are healed, which took three and a half years, which was insane. So many orthopedic surgeries, because my bones wouldn't heal, because they were so badly broken. Like once they were healed, they're like, you're good. And I'm   Michelle (08:32) It's the system.   Dr. Allison Snowden (08:48) well, what happened to my last three years of my life? And then, I felt like that's when all the emotional stuff came up because before I was just like, so focused on getting, you know, you know, let's heal this leg, the arm, the, know, like all of this stuff, learning how to walk again, how many times, you know? And so then it was like, Whoa, just what happened. And so, and that's when like a lot of, you know,   I mean, depression, PTSD, all of that stuff. you know, like, I think, like, the psychiatrists said, they're like, you know, I was crying. And I felt like I was grieving and they're like, more than three weeks. well, you're depressed, all this stuff. you know, I think it's there's a there's a whole conversation that can be had around the medicalization of just life events and   you know, how that intersects and how we can support, but how does that repress it? Because I really feel like when our body, when we grieve, when we cry, there's such an, it's, you know, like in Chinese medicine, it's like the tears are the, like, the liquid of the liver. It's like there's change coming. So I really feel like, yeah, that could be a   conversation there, but I just was like a mess. had chronic pain. was diagnosed with fibromyalgia, depression, PTSD, anxiety. then I was told I was always going to be in pain. So that was like my first mission to get myself out of physical pain. And that took a while. And I also wanted to run again. And everyone said I was crazy. And I actually did that.   about 10 years, but it was great. The thing that I think I really wanna like share, and I always try to like distill, cause I always like to share when I'm talking about my story, cause my story is super dramatic and I know this,   the power that like we all come from that source energy and we all have access to it. And we all have the right to have that, you know, that that connection, that direct connection. And if I can do it, you can do it. You know, I think sometimes people are like, well, I can't because I didn't have a near death experience or da da da da. And I'm like, no, you can't, you know. And I really feel   Michelle (10:52) and   Dr. Allison Snowden (11:13) in modern times, we've really got disconnected, with our bodies. We've really gotten disconnected with our own power because we've outsourced our healing to other healers, to a system. And we've really, as, us women, like our, we've, we've our body and our power has been dispersed. And so I really feel that as a woman.   because I am a woman, some people are like, ask me about like men's journeys, men healing. I'm like, I don't know, I'm a woman and like, I know what I know. And I've had trauma, I've had sexual trauma and I think women as women, we need, we are much more prone, like sexual violence is very.   is one of the most costly things for a woman to go through just on a psychological level of recovery. And also, I think our whole spiritual journey as women, this is just my view, is really reclaiming our power and our safety and reclaiming our body too. And what happens is with trauma or with sexual assault   something or even just emotional abandonment, there's like this unsafety wound that comes up. And if you know the chakras, that's kind of in the first and the second chakra. And if you don't have your power, you don't have your safety, you're not anchored, you're not grounded. And then you have people that always are ruminating, overthinking, trying to   Michelle (12:36) Hmm.   Mm   Dr. Allison Snowden (12:49) figure out all the little details of the plan before they get started, that fear is there. so I've just been on a journey. I started practicing doing massage while I did massage. And Ray, he started teaching that, then went to grad school. And I was always working through that. And then I started my practice in 2013.   And I've always just been a healer healing myself and then sharing it with others. know, like I always feel like I'm, I'm just so pro client, pro patient, because I resonate more with that role than I do like, you know, Dr. Allison, you know, like I'm, I am in the trenches with, I've been in the trenches and I've been really bad physically, mentally, emotionally.   and I got through it and I tried a lot of things that didn't work and I went on a lot of U -turns, you know, but I kept on going. And so I feel like I'm just a really good resource for anyone that has, because I've just been studying medicine and been in -depth training on many different platforms, functional medicine, theta healing.   subconscious reprogramming, other subconscious reprogramming stuff, and then functional medicine, and then Chinese medicine, and then also massage and energy medicine. all of our energy, our muscle, you know, our physical being and our energetic being, these are all interconnected. And also really, I've done a lot   training and then also research into, you know, nervous system and how do we heal trauma? and what does that feel like and how is that, experience and how is that experience within my body and how does that shift my hormones? How does that shift my perception of reality of reality now and, you know, reality there and, and how does that affect   you know, my mood and my thoughts. So, I felt like I was like thrown into the flat fire of just, you know, a mess of just, you know, medical, I mean, it was a medical miracle, I survived. And another miracle that like I didn't have brain damage or anything like that. So,   But I'm just really just on a mission to really help people heal faster and more effectively and really reclaiming their power and also reclaiming their power and their relationship with their body. I think when we have trauma and this can be emotional trauma, can be physical, sexual, a lot of women internalize it because maybe there's not an outlet for anger or maybe that's   Conditioned into us and so it gets turned inward and that is like, you know, then there's like that inner war And so I just really love working with women helping them reconnect to their power and and to their healing potential and their body and the wisdom of their body Because   Michelle (15:50) Mm   Dr. Allison Snowden (16:07) You know, our body has so much to tell us if we just listen. And I think just modern culture, you just because of the indoctrination of marketing or whatever, social media, know, all of that, you know, has really disconnected us from like the amazing wonderment of our body. And   You know, our bodies are our best friends. They are our co -pilots. You know, it is it is the sacred vessel that is holding our soul and it's constantly communicating with us. And in fact, my body and my soul, like when I need a message, my body and my soul are working together to get my attention. You know, they're not my body is never in pain just to I think one of the things that humans do and I've done   Michelle (16:46) Mm Yeah.   Dr. Allison Snowden (16:55) is like we get mad at our body because we think our body is falling apart just to spite us. Or just, and I just have to tell you that there's nothing more far from the truth. Like our body is like, I had this, I had this moment where I couldn't sleep because I was so uncomfortable in my body. Like after going through that many surgeries,   Michelle (17:02) Mm -hmm.   Dr. Allison Snowden (17:21) You know, I just didn't, couldn't feel comfortable in my body. I was in pain and my leg was hurting and I was just like, you know, I mean, I'm like, and, I heard this voice that was like, put your hands on your leg. And I was like, okay. So I like put my hands on my leg and, and my, my body started talking to me and was like, Hey, miss.   Stop hating me. I did not do this to you. I this happened to us This is You know horrible for me I'm working 500 million times harder than right leg over there and all you can all you can do is like Send me hatred and how ugly I look because it was like skinned and looked very You know, I couldn't move my   And she's like, you think I ruined your life? I did not ruin your life. This happened to us. So stop sending me hatred. And if you want me to heal faster, and if you want to help the process, send me love. And I was like, whoa. So I call my left leg the sassy left leg. It always tells me the truth, you know? And I think a lot of us   Michelle (18:33) wow.   That's profound. Yeah.   Yeah.   Dr. Allison Snowden (18:45) badly to our body. I I guess it's somewhat natural if something hurts maybe to get angry at it. But I guess really just to our body is in pain for a reason. There is it's a signal and your body has a language with you. And if you can get beyond that, your body is supposed to perform at like 100 percent no matter what, no matter what you do to   Michelle (19:00) Yes.   Dr. Allison Snowden (19:12) that is the internal dialogue or how you treat it or how you, you know, fill it up with and, you know, treat it like sleep, you know, self care or lack of self care. You know, our ego just thinks where it's just supposed to perform and just always be like on without like any, any like check -in. And so I think just there is such a magical world of your relationship, like you within you and you within your body, you know, and like,   my body whenever I've been pain free the second time, because I had a weird septic infection like six years ago. That was another weird medical thing that I went through. But I've been pain free from that for about four years. And anytime there's something going on with my body, I'm like, what,   What do I need to do? What are you trying to say to me? And also going into like what I do full time now, I was in functional medicine and Chinese medicine for a good 10 years. And then I started to notice, you know, with like my pain patients, my patients with autoimmune or, you know, menstrual stuff. There's like all these different things and we were pretty good at getting them better, but there's a subset of people   who weren't getting better. And I could see in their eyes, they wanted to get better. And there was just this like, there's something that I wasn't getting. And I was like, this is nervous system, this is trauma stuff. And so I took a theta healing class, and my first theta healing class, and I was like, wow, I'm home, like home as in the vibration of when I crossed over. And I just   Michelle (20:43) Yes.   Dr. Allison Snowden (20:55) felt so much better. And so I took another class, another class, and then I like took all the classes and the teacher trainings in like two years, which was like crazy fast track. also, and so with theta healing is, it's the, and I practice trauma -informed theta healing because some people that practice theta healing or energy medicine or Reiki or that, they're   trained to understand what trauma, disassociation, what different things are like. And that lack of knowledge can sometimes create maybe a gap in how they see the client. And a lot of untrained, even acupuncturists, medical doctors, and you'd be surprised how many psychotherapists aren't trauma -informed, which I was like, wait, shouldn't they all be?   that can actually like that ignorance can end up hurting the client, know, blaming them in some way, insinuating some way that they don't want to get better. And that's like so far beyond what the reality is. But with Theta Healing, it's the intersection. So between belief systems, old   that's stored in the body. And so it's a technique to really release these old imprints that are in our organs. You know, if you've had sexual trauma, it's in the tissue, you know, of our second chakra, like our body holds memory. And it's an intersection with that and belief systems and, you know, emotional   know, unconscious emotional patterns that just come up. And I think this is, it is such a powerful access because belief systems and your consciousness and how you feel and your inner state, your like inner atmosphere is everything. Because if your inner state, if you, you know, the thing with with trauma is people are   Michelle (22:49) Mm -hmm. Yeah.   Dr. Allison Snowden (22:56) It's in the past. Actually, guys, newsflash, if you have unresolved trauma, it's actually not in the past. It's operating as it is alive now. And this is not the fault of the person who was traumatized. It's because how the brain operates, because we, you know, I know I exist beyond this physical body as this energetic being that doesn't need a body because I crossed over,   Michelle (23:08) Yes.   Dr. Allison Snowden (23:24) You know, right now I'm in a body and I'm in a nervous system and I have a brain. And I think that was what was so peculiar to me because I had this enlightened experience about, you know, fear is not real. You know, all that really matters is loving yourself and loving others. And then I go totally down to this   15 year old body and I get anchored back in and my soul gets anchored back into this nervous system that's like, oh no, it's not about love. I couldn't sleep. My body was traumatized. So I was just like, I felt slightly imprisoned by that trauma. Because I knew how beautiful life was and what my soul was capable of. I had   I had to face and heal the trauma and it was a very, I tried everything. So I feel like I've been my first patient always and my first testing ground. And so if something works for me, I'm like, you know, I want to share it because like, I know, and I think when you've suffered in,   you know, a lot like, I always said, if my suffering, if I get to help other people and their suffering, and I see it, I see it now every day, and it's one of the most amazing things about my job. You see people's affect and just their whole state change and their whole world opened up when they heal old traumas, old belief systems.   And we have so many belief systems and programs, we've been programs that are operating below our consciousness, and it's just on automatic. And I really do think that this is also the kind of meeting point between healing and also enlightenment, healing and total embodiment, like   embodying your power, being in your body. I mean, really in your body. Because I gotta tell you, if you've had any trauma, emotional trauma, medical trauma, you're probably not totally present. You're not totally grounded in your root chakra. And I can remember people being like, you need to ground. And I'm like, great, well, I just did.   Michelle (25:35) Yes.   Dr. Allison Snowden (25:44) 90 minutes of yoga, that didn't work. I did yoga for 13 years. That didn't, I mean, it helped, but it didn't, it didn't, you know, lock me in. And so I really do think that I'm so grateful that I stumbled onto this technique because it really, in a laser way, really did a lot of good healing work in a really short amount of time.   And I never thought it was possible. Like I never thought it was possible for, cause you know, I'd lived with like 20 years of anxiety and PTSD managing it, managing this condition. And it was like two years ago where I, you know, I'm healing, teaching, I'm taking more courses and there is a healing that happened. And I just, I was like, Whoa, I'm in my body. And I was like,   this is really nice, you know? And then I started to talk to women and I'm like, when I talk to them, I'm like, and I'm intuitively tuning in, what I see is like, okay, they have their programming from society that's been indoctrinated. I'm supposed to have a baby at da -da -da -da, I'm supposed to do this. My husband wants this, this person wants this, this person wants this. I gotta get the kids, da -da -da -da -da.   all these different things. I want to please everyone. How can I please any everyone? Then there's the unconscious resentment because who's going to take care of me? And so when I scan someone, I can feel all of these little programs operating like going like that with women. And, you know, that's usually from like a fawn response, you know, of like people pleasing because all of us, I don't know, maybe not all of us, because that's the generalization. But a lot of girls are conditioned to   you know, if we please others and that's good girl, you know, maybe that's changing. mean, I was born in the eighties, so maybe that's different. But so how is that relevant to like, you know, fertility to women's health is that all of this is operating within your body. And these programs and and and these beliefs are very strong. They affect your hormones. They affect.   if your cortisol is going up, you know, it is, I know there's some trauma survivors who are like, people are like, oh, just, you know, stop being so stressed. Well, that's a little complex. If you've had abuse, if you've had neglect, you know, it's, it's not, it, you know, like going to the doctor or being like, oh yeah, just do some 10 minutes of meditation. So yeah, no, that, that probably is not going to solve it, you know?   So first you have to know yourself and know, and I think what the thing is is that a lot of people, my story is very dramatic and they're like, she had trauma. there's, it's pretty dramatic. But I wanna say that a lot of times if you have large gaps in memory of your childhood, if you have certain fears or things like that that you can't trace   your body remembers what your mind doesn't. And so, and there really isn't really true suppression of it because, you know, it's either gonna come out in your mental health, your perception of yourself or in your habits or your lack of self-love. Cause a lot of times we, in order to deal with trauma, we turn into self -hatred or we recreate those mean voices inside our own internal narrative.   And that has consequences on our body. So, or, you know, it'll show up as an autoimmune disorder later or cancer, you know, so it's there, you know, we're gonna, I feel like people deal, I have that, have a catalyst, whether it's, you know, trying to have a baby, or having a disease or an accident or something where it really, you know, makes us look inward.   Michelle (29:42) Yeah, for sure. And you know what, I thought about so many things when you were talking and I can really relate coming from my own experience and wanting to do more for others. And I think that a lot of us in the healing world started out as our patients, as patients ourselves and work through a lot to see that we can do that. I think a lot when I think about trauma, I think a lot about the nervous system. And you've mentioned   the nervous system is kind of like a channel of information and think about just experiences in life. We store information. We're living in a time where we are, are bombarded with information. Women are growing up with all kinds of information, not all true. A lot of it's not true. And then we take in that information, store it in our body. And it's not based in truth, not based in reality. And you had mentioned kind of connecting with that divine wisdom.   that is always there waiting for us to tap into. We have that, it's our birthright. So, I mean, so many of these things I really relate to, and I think that that's what it is. It's really creating, really living in our truth, because I feel like the truth is kind of like the light, the purification, the shedding of things that are not true. And I kind of feel like that's, you know, if you think about trauma and all these beliefs,   there are basically untruths, things that are not true that we are taking in, we're storing in our body and it doesn't align with our consciousness. And when you said like that we're not in our bodies, I totally relate to that. You think about shamanistic work. They always retrieve souls. They retrieve part of ourselves. Like part of ourselves leaves our body. People talk about this in, you know, horrible victims, know, victim situations where they leave their bodies and   It's kind of like a part of our soul leaves. And I talk a lot about this, you know, with Qi, with Qi life force vitality. When we create awareness, our awareness actually opens us up to more Qi. And when we lose that Qi and our awareness is off or out, then we're lacking that life force vitality. And so that consciousness or the lack thereof, if we have a lack of consciousness in certain parts of our body, then it causes more opportunistic.   energy to come   Dr. Allison Snowden (32:01) Exactly. it's, I think, it's our truth and our power, right? Like, I think, I really do think as women, because those are the, like, because I've been working and scanning a lot of people for a long time. And probably one of the most common patterns that I see is just disempowered, like, root and sacral   And so when those chakras are disempowered, I'm like, there's a safety issue. Then there's a power issue, a sexual issue, a creativity issue, a receiving, because if you've had sexual trauma, there may be some issues of receiving things from others, right? All trauma is usually, unless it's hurricane or like   Michelle (32:34) Mm -hmm.   Dr. Allison Snowden (32:49) you know, national disaster, all trauma is usually delivered somewhat by through another human. And so that really, that, and you know, that is real. And then a lot of us to put another, you know, nuance on that, a lot of people, especially if they had childhood trauma, neglect, abuse, a lot of people don't even know that that wasn't, you know, neglect or abuse.   until they're older, just how our brain is developed and how that happens. But also if then, if there was something like molestation or sexual trauma, there's, most people are gaslit about that. And I don't know, I was just like scrolling on something. I was looking for something on the internet and then, I don't know, I saw something.   Michelle (33:27) Mm -hmm.   Dr. Allison Snowden (33:35) I guess it was like on Facebook and there's these like raw stories about just people's childhoods. And I just like went into the comments and I sometimes do this. I feel like it's sometimes just some of my advocacy. I'm like just two comments, Alice, and then you have to get back to work. just people like someone saying, her story is not making sense or da -da -da -da.   Michelle (33:58) questioning.   Dr. Allison Snowden (33:59) you know, questioning her and I'm like, no one wants to go through this, you know,   Michelle (34:06) There's a lot of that out there. It's really sad to see.   Dr. Allison Snowden (34:10) It is, and it really is. so, I mean, just to anyone who's, know, and I've spoken out about my experience, like, and some people are like, you know, like, you know, all of these different things. And I'm like, think our culture is like a major issue with judgment. And I just...   Michelle (34:30) Big time.   Dr. Allison Snowden (34:33) It is just amazing to me. You know, like I, you know, the lack of empathy, the lack of real inner connection to self and real connection to others and that like people just say things like just I think they're just getting out their anger and, you know, like forgetting that these are human beings that may read these comments. But, yeah, I mean, I think   But yeah, like with the gas lighting. So that's another thing that happens with trauma or wasn't that bad or that type of thing. So I really do think also it's like with trauma, if you didn't have someone to help you process the emotions, trauma is also what didn't happen. So if someone wasn't there for you, if someone wasn't there to help you process your emotions,   Maybe you didn't have parents that knew how to process emotions, because they were dysregulated all the time. So just the part of feeling and learning that skill and feeling is really important. know, like as in Chinese medicine, our emotions, the over or under expression of our emotions can cause disease, you know, or the stagnation of that can cause disease. And that's why I love   Michelle (35:43) Definitely.   Dr. Allison Snowden (35:47) Chinese medicine as like my base point because it acknowledges that now, like now if you look in the research, like in the seventies, was like psycho neuro immunology was just coming out and people were like, this is such, you know, BS, but like now it's like, yes, like it's, it's validating that, you know, everything is connected to everything.   and this old like Dick Hart kind of the mind is over here and the body's here and they operate like is just kind of actually like real just it that's that's been disproven over and over. But our.   Michelle (36:29) I think we're definitely moving into a new era. I really do. feel like things are breaking down. hard to watch, but I feel like things are breaking down that are not working. And I think people are starting to see it. People are starting to see the staleness of some of the old systems. just doesn't really, it's not relevant. You know, and I think that it will, it's interesting. say old system is ancient medicine has been around forever, but they consider the spirit.   They don't just look at us as a body. They acknowledge   Dr. Allison Snowden (37:00) Yeah, yeah, the spirit, the emotions, also all of the little intricacies of life and nuances and connection. And I think that's where you were talking about the nervous system. I think there's, love, like, have you heard of polyvagal theory? So   it's about just the different branches of the nervous system. And like our ventral vagal part of our nervous system is the most like new evolutionary. so ventral vagal is like our social aspect. Like you're safe, I can connect to you and I can connect to myself. And   but if we go into sympathetic or into, you know, kind of shut down freeze mode, those are the different stress stress points. So like when you're in those different nervous system, states where you're, if you've been in a collapse mode or freeze mode, you're like numb withdrawal, there's, there's a physical symptoms that go with it. And then also mental, like emotional aspects that go with it when you're in fight flight.   your nervous system and your perception, your body is really like being like, it is not safe for me to connect out there, you know, and it's looking for cues for danger. And so how, how Theta healing and the work that I do is that I work with the individual because unhealed belief systems from trauma or just even conditioning. and a lot of these are subconscious unconscious.   in our they're alive in your in your nervous system and they'll, you know, turn on your stress response when it's not needed. Right. So when you heal a trauma, then, you know, it's no longer in your consciousness. It's no longer, you know, disrupting you or, you know, there are I never had like issues with remembering my trauma, but there are people who have repressed trauma and more shut down mode. But.   I just, I don't know, I, for me, I thought like I was just going to have to manage my PTSD because I tried so many different, you name it, I tried all of the things. I had, you know, I never ever gave up, but I was like, hey Al, you know, like maybe this is, you know, and I was like, I'm never gonna stop trying. And, you know, it wasn't,   you know, one class or one session, or even, you know, it was a cumulative of a lot of work with me, because I had such extreme, like, violence that was, that my body remembered. But, like, I did get there where I finally was like, my God, I feel, I feel safe.   Michelle (39:40) Amazing. That's awesome.   Dr. Allison Snowden (39:41) And girls, like all the women on here, that is the best thing I've ever felt in my life. And it is the best thing. Like I want that for every woman because when your soul is like anchored into all your chakras and you feel safe in your body, like there's your heaven on earth.   Michelle (40:04) I love that. my God, that's powerful.   Dr. Allison Snowden (40:06) It is, it is, and I like literally, I'm like, you know what? No one, no amount of money could make me like give this away. Like not that I could, but, but like, it's, I think what happens is, is sometimes our ego, I'm, I'm sure, cause we're all human. We've done this. when, or this is how my ego worked. Alison, when you, when you have the boyfriend, when you have, this or the marriage or, or you have this much. Yeah.   Michelle (40:16) yeah.   The conditions, all the conditions, yeah.   Dr. Allison Snowden (40:34) external, all the external, this is how everyone's ego tricks them. When you achieve something outside of yourself, then it will change how you feel inside. And hey guys, it does for like maybe a day or maybe a week or maybe the honeymoon period for three months or something. But eventually, you know, like that is not the way. And   Michelle (40:50) Right, yeah.   Dr. Allison Snowden (41:02) It's like really changing our programming. So our programming, our conditioning from childhood, our identities, our stories that they show up as narratives. Because when we're little, our brain, when we experience pain as a little kid, we're trying to understand how to not make that happen again. And from our little brain that is under, that is not an adult brain, that doesn't see adults as flawed human beings,   the little child brain is like, my parent is not paying attention to me, then there must be something wrong with me. And then there's that adaptation. Maybe I'll just be more perfect. Maybe I'll work hard. So then you have all of these adults that are just living these adaptations from, and I'm not shaming that at all, because we all do it, because we all have to survive, and we all are coming from that.   Michelle (41:47) Mm -hmm, that's   Dr. Allison Snowden (41:55) There's a lot of talk about authenticity, but do people really think that their authentic self is their stories, their ego tells themselves or the stories that their trauma tells themselves or the stories that the bullies at school back in fourth grade tells them? And how do you really know that it's healed? Right? Cause there's a lot of people like, don't, especially men, they're like, I don't need healing, I'm over that. And I'm like, well, let's ask your body. And so with thinking healing,   We like in a session like I do we make in theta healing the subconscious is divided into four different levels So in other other systems, it's not divided in that but in theta healing we have The core level which is this life. So in utero up to you know this moment in time Genetics, so, you know what in our bloodline what   and also what traits carried the genetics forward, know, what belief systems. And then there's the historic, which is the collective consciousness, because we're all connected and that all these collective thoughts, but then also past lives. So, and then the deepest part is your soul, because your soul, guys, maybe you forgot it for a little bit, but all of us have this energy and we decided, or we are incarnated for a reason.   And each of you, because I've been over on that, I've peeked behind the other side, each of us have a specific, a very specific reason why we're here and different experiences we want to experience and different virtues and different virtues as in compassion, love. You we want to grow through our consciousness, our frequency.   grows through experience. And as we have different experiences, we get to learn a lot. And I really love this part of Theta Healing because   Our soul, and I can speak to this, I think sometimes, so when my soul, when I was overlooking the earth and I saw my body and I saw what was happening or what had happened, I mean, my soul was like, well, you it was almost like, I mean,   I thought I was gonna survive this, but okay, I'll get another body and we'll just go back down there. You know, it's like, I think sometimes we get so entrenched in, know, this is who I am, I'm this. Yeah, attachment. Yeah, to this body, to whatever, even the drama that's going on, even the politic, you know, all of it, it's like there. And it's like, but from your   Michelle (44:25) The attachment to like this. Yeah.   even the problems and yeah.   Dr. Allison Snowden (44:39) soul's perspective, like a little drop in the bucket, you   Michelle (44:43) right. It is. Yeah. I mean, we do, we can get very sucked into, to so many different things. And you could see it kind of in the micro too, like just throughout your life. If you have something that you're thinking about, write it down. Actually, my husband said that, a friend of his mom said, write down whatever   put it in your drawer, open it up a month from now, and then ask yourself again, are you still as upset? And he did that. And he said that really, and he was a teenager at the time, he said that really opened my mind to just how things end up working out and how much energy we put into problems. But this is amazing information. Of course, I can speak to you for hours, but we're kind of nearing the end.   If people are interested, like what's the process, how can they find you and how can they work with   Dr. Allison Snowden (45:28) Yeah. so I'm on my website is www .doctor Snowden. That's dr sn o w d e n .com. And then I'm on instagram at dr Allison Snowden. And through there I do one on one. And then what I'm really passionate about. I love doing my one on ones.   and I love teaching others to access this and to do it to themselves because we all need help. But I really think this is a skillset that is going to be like, you know, brushing your teeth, like for mental, emotional, spiritual balance that, and it's powerful. You know, if you have a limiting belief.   Michelle (46:00) That's amazing, I love that.   Dr. Allison Snowden (46:17) Like you can say, I don't believe that, but guess what guys, your body believes it. like, just cause you say you don't believe it, like there is that. it's, so Theta, I do Theta healing classes and it's a curriculum. So you have to do them, you have to do them in order. The next one is in September. So I usually have a beginning cohort in September and January. And sometimes I do a mini like condensed, like,   Michelle (46:21) Mm -hmm.   Dr. Allison Snowden (46:41) session in June. So I really just, think if you want to just upgrade your life and heal, like, and also in these classes, we have professional healers, we have doctors, we have healers, but then we have just regular people that just want to, you know, get more connected to their intuition to heal themselves, like quicker and faster. And it's such a simple thing and everyone can learn how to do   And I want, like, I just, like, one of my dreams, like, is I just want to get, like, I want this to just be like, because, you know, when I was talking about this when I was like in 99, you know, now it's like 20, 24, but I just, I'm pretty excited like you, because we've come a long way, but, you know, I think everyone, you know,   Michelle (47:09) I love that.   Dr. Allison Snowden (47:38) needs to learn at least the basics of self -healing. Because you   Michelle (47:42) 100%. They should teach us this in school. mean, it's just, it's empowerment 101. I mean, really, like, just be able to be empowered like we're, it's our birthright   Dr. Allison Snowden (47:45) Right?   it is. And so I just I love that. That's just like my my thing right now is just to get a lot of people there's the first four classes are weekend classes. And then the one that if you guys want a miracle or want a whole paradigm shift, intuitive anatomy is a 15 day class and we go through you would love this other healers like love this. So we go and clear each system. So the circular   the digestive system that has a lot of abuse programs in it. So we have a whole day and about 200 beliefs that we check and we do healings and clearings on. And like people just feel different things like discipline. It's amazing when your perspective changes, your physiology changes.   Michelle (48:34) Amazing. Awesome.   Your whole world changes. love it. I love it. This is of course all the stuff that I love talking about. And I'm so happy you came on. Your story is so inspiring and I love what you're doing for so many other people. Guys got to check out her Instagram. It's a lot of fun. She shares a lot of awesome information. I really enjoy it myself. Dr. Allison, it was such a pleasure to meet you. I knew that I was going to like you and thank you so much for coming on.   Dr. Allison Snowden (49:02) good   gosh, I like, I love talking to you and you have such a, like just a beautiful energy and like just really like my, you know, I, cause I do a lot of different podcasts and I just felt so like at home here. And I just like want to share that with you because it's just like, I just like your energy is just so welcoming and so loving. And I just like, I'm like, God, I just love my like Healer Women. We're just   I just, you know, we, you know, I just absolutely had such a, it was so great being in this space with   Michelle (49:39) Aww.   that means a lot to me. really, I really received that and, and I appreciate it. feel likewise. I mean, I really love your energy, so I think it's synchronistic. So thank you again so much.   Dr. Allison Snowden (49:57) You're welcome. Sending you so much love and thank you for listening, anyone who's listened. And if you have any comments or questions, feel free to email us or send us a DM. And we're here to help you guys heal and love your body, love your life, create what you want.   Michelle (50:16) Amen. Awesome.   Dr. Allison Snowden (50:18) Yes.    

A video snippet of our conversation. Full videos of all Ground Truths podcasts can be seen on YouTube here. The audios are also available on Apple and Spotify.Shane Crotty: A Landmark Study on Upper Airway Mucosal ImmunityTranscriptThis is the first time a Ground Truths podcast is being posted simultaneous with a new publication, this one in Nature, by Professor Shane Crotty and his colleagues at La Jolla Institute for Immunology. Shane is one of the leading immunologists and virologists in the country; he and his group published in 2020 the first detailed analysis for how our immune system responds to SARS-CoV-2. Shane also, among many other notable contributions during COVID, illuminated the role of hybrid immunity vs COVID, the differences between and additivity of vaccination and infection.Today's paper in Nature is indeed a landmark contribution doing something that hasn't been done before—to understand the underpinnings of mucosal immunity of the upper airway. 100 participants had monthly nasal and nasopharyngeal swabs throughout the pandemic. With a median of >100,000 cells per swab recovered, they undertook single-cell sequencing and full characterization of the cells (tissue-resident memory B cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, germinal center follicular helper T cells and B cells, etc.) to determine optimal immune protection of the upper airway, the effect of infections by different variants, breakthrough infections, vaccination, and age.Here is the transcript of our conversation about the new report with links to the audio:Eric Topol (00:06):Hello, it's Eric Topol with Ground Truths, and with me today is Professor Shane Crotty from the La Jolla Institute of Immunology (LJI), not too far away from where I work at Scripps. And Shane has been a go-to immunologist colleague here in the Mesa, and he and his colleagues were the ones that really first published the response to SARS-CoV-2 as far as the immunologic response. And today we're doing something very unique. We're going to go over for the first time in the two year plus history of Ground Truths, going to have a publication with at least simultaneous or near simultaneous podcast. Shane, welcome and congratulations on this really important paper in Nature.Shane Crotty (00:57):Thanks, Eric. Thanks for having me. Yeah, somebody asked if I was going to go over to Scripps for the podcast and I was like, yeah, we could.Eric Topol (01:06):You could. You could. But no, it's good. And it's nice having the logo of this great institute you work at right in the right corner. And you've done so many contributions with your colleagues at La Jolla Institute. It's really a privilege to have a chance to learn from you and particularly about what we're going to talk about today, which is mucosal immunity to upper airway infections, which is especially germane to COVID. And we're actually in the middle of a significant wave of COVID right now. And I guess it would maybe be fair to say, Shane, that we've never truly understood the underpinnings, the real details of upper airway mucosal immunity. Is that a fair statement?Shane Crotty (01:53):Yeah, it is a fair statement.Eric Topol (01:56):Okay. So today we're going to crack the case. This paper from you and your colleagues, of course, you're the senior author and first author, Sydney Ramirez did a remarkable study. I mean, just extraordinary. This is why we're doing a special podcast about it. Maybe you could just kind of give us the overview of the design because you were doing things that haven't been done before.Shane Crotty (02:24):Sure. And, I would say the genesis even of it goes back to what you were introducing. I mean, during the pandemic, we like a lot of scientists spent a lot of time and energy trying to help understanding immune responses to this virus, and immune memory to this virus, and what was involved in protective immunity. And we're certainly proud of the work that we did. And it was hard work. And after a while we were exhausted and we stopped.Shane Crotty (02:59):And then we came back to it after a while and said, well, the virus is still here. And so many people have contributed so much to better understanding the virus and creating vaccines. But there are clearly still things we don't understand. What are those biggest knowledge gaps and where might we be able to contribute? And really to me the biggest one was location, location, location. This is a virus that infects your nose, infects your upper airway—your nose, and throat, and oral cavity. And then obviously if you get severe disease, the severe disease and death are from the lungs. And it's just been a big knowledge gap in terms of understanding what actually occurs in those tissues immunologically and what is associated with protective immunity or what could be associated with protective immunity. And sort of looking forward what might be helpful for mucosal vaccine development from things that we could learn.Shane Crotty (04:12):So we started from what we would call the basics, and what does immune memory look like in the upper airways in normal people? And that hasn't been available really even in, and we started this two years ago, even in the biggest atlases published of the human body. There was no upper airway tissue representation at all. And that's because technically it's just tough to access and difficult to reproducibly get at. And so, we recruited people to a group of 20 to 30 people to come to LJI once a month, and just started testing out, published and unpublished sampling techniques to see were there ways where we could reproducibly sample immune cells in the upper airways from people. And once we got things, so the keys for us were you got to have enough cells that you can collect to learn something from. And luckily with modern techniques of flow cytometry and single cell sequencing, you don't need that many cells. And so, we could get a hundred thousand cells on a swab and that's enough to do a lot with. And second, how reproducible was it? So we showed, we had people come in every month for a year and we could reproducibly find the same things in their swab; same cell types in their swabs. And the third thing was that people would come back.Shane Crotty (06:05):We found that if you have good nurses doing the techniques, we could find ways that this would be a sampling approach that was tolerable and people would come back for repeat measures, which is really valuable to see what's happening in people over time. So that was what we started from in the study and built from.Eric Topol (06:27):And if I am correct, you sampled two places with the swabs, one in the nose and one of the throat. Or, I think one which you have in the paper as the MT for something about the median nasal turbinate and the other adenoid in the back of the throat. Is that right?Shane Crotty (06:50):So all the sampling is a swab into your nose. And when we were doing that, we were really excited to see the diversity of immune cells, particularly T cells and B cells, memory T cells and B cells that we isolated. They're like, wow, there's actually a lot of interesting immune memory up in there. And the lab said, oh, by the way, we're seeing T follicular helper cells (TFH). Now that happens to be my favorite cell type.Eric Topol (07:22):Why is that, Shane? Of all the cells, why do you say that's your favorite? I know you publish a lot on it.Shane Crotty (07:31):Because those are the T cells that are required for basically all neutralizing antibody responses. All high-quality antibody responses depend on—almost all high-quality antibody responses depend on—T cell help. That T cell help comes from T follicular helper cells. Antibody evolution is certainly one of the coolest processes of the immune system. And all of that depends on T follicular helper cells. So the fact that for example, you could get Omicron neutralizing antibodies even after only being vaccinated with ancestral vaccine, that's the immune system making guesses of what variants would look like. And those guesses come about through this antibody evolution that's driven by T follicular helper cells. So, it's really one of the most brilliant things the immune system does, and that's a cell type that's really key, but those processes happen in lymphoid tissue. That's what happens in lymph nodes and spleen. And here we were sampling epithelium, your nasal epithelium, so the cells didn't really belong there.Shane Crotty (08:37):And so, that's what turned the study in another direction. And we said, okay, let's figure out why is it that these cells are present in these swabs? And we had a couple of possibilities. One possibility was that the swab was going all the way back to the posterior wall of your nasopharynx, your top of your throat and sampling adenoid tissue. So adenoid tonsils and adenoids are a true lymphoid tissue and they're a mucosal lymphoid tissue. And so, we came up with multiple ways to validate that that's what we were testing. And in fact, it was the Sydney Ramirez, a clinician, and the ENTs involved who said, well, let's just look. And so, they actually did endoscopies with the swab to actually see where the swab went. We've got videos of the swabs going into the adenoid crypt in the back, and then we've got measurements of here are the cells that you find on those swabs.Shane Crotty (09:58):And what's cool about it is that, yes, so we did studies with two sets. We then shifted to doing studies with two sets of swabs. One where we essentially went “halfway back” where we were detecting that epithelium of your nasal passages and then one where it was all the way back and detecting the adenoid lymphoid tissue. So here we've got two different sites in your upper airways that are about an inch apart, and we're detecting essentially completely different cells of the immune system at those two places. And we tend to think of the cells present in that epithelial tissue as probably the sentinels, the cells that are sitting there that can potentially immediately react and try and protect you against a viral or bacterial infection. Whereas the lymphoid tissue, the adenoids, is really about generating the immune responses in the first place and priming immune responses. And that's where these germinal centers can occur, which are where the TFH are where you can get antibody evolution. And so, we found in the course of the study that with this non-invasive technique that we can.Eric Topol (11:14):By the way, I don't want to be signing up for the one way up there because I mean just a mid-nose enough for me. So wow, I got to give credit to your study participants for coming back every month for a year to have that. Some people call it a brain biopsy.Video of swab of nasopharyngeal tissueShane Crotty (11:33):Right. So I will tell you, it is a different experience than the COVID nasopharyngeal swab might've gotten through your car window. If you're actually sitting down in a comfortable space and there's a nurse doing it with these particular goals. We really found, we had a hundred people in the study and a total of 300 swabs, and the vast majority of people came back if we asked them to.Eric Topol (12:06):That's great.Shane Crotty (12:07):And we're certainly very thankful for the volunteers. Obviously they were volunteering in the first place to participate. So I'm a little hesitant about the video because I've told people to not show it to potential volunteers because it definitely doesn't encourage you to volunteer. You're like, wait, that's what's happening? But actually, I've had it done on me.Video of the swab to the nasopharynx for adenoid (lymphoid tissue) access.Eric Topol (12:37):Not that bad.Shane Crotty (12:39):It's really pretty compelling. And by doing these repeated samples, we actually now have the capacity to look at ongoing immune responses like after an infection or vaccination in people and see how that results in the immune system changing and what might be the source of the protective immunity that comes up. So we've actually got data in the paper looking at this antibody evolution in real time. So we've got affinity maturation of B cells occurring in just normal healthy adults of mucosal B cells against COVID. And so, that's really helping us learn what's possible, basically to figure out, okay, if you're going to try and make a vaccine, what types of immune cells are even possible to generate in this tissue? And where might you try and generate them? Or if you're trying to study some disease state, what are types of cells that might be problematic?Eric Topol (13:45):Yeah, I mean, I think the idea that so many of us have been pushing for a nasal vaccine to induce mucosal immunity because, as you know very well, the current shots are not very good at any durable or substantial protection from upper airway infections of COVID or SARS-CoV-2 and other infections. So I think one of the most important parts of this report is that it lends itself well to helping towards artificially, if you will, make a vaccine to get the protective features that you were able to identify. Maybe you could just [speculate], if you had the ideal nasal airway, what would the cellular profile look like?Shane Crotty (14:44):Ah, I see. Yeah, great question. So, first of all, antibodies are great. So most of my career has been dedicated to most licensed vaccines. The correlate of protection is antibodies. Antibodies clearly can be protective, and if you can get them that's excellent, so certainly I would want, in terms of the non-cellular component, I would want antibodies present, neutralizing antibodies present in it.Eric Topol (15:26):Are these IgA or IgG?Shane Crotty (15:31):Yeah, in an ideal situation, what would I want? I'd want a mix of both, basically. The IgAs look like they have a little more protective efficacy, but the IgGs, just at a molecular level have a longer half-life, stick around a little. So yeah, I'd want both. And then really the premise for most of what we do is saying, in situations where antibody isn't enough or the antibodies don't stay around long enough, or you've got a variant that now obviates the protective efficacy of that particular antibody, are there other types of protective immunity you can have? And the immune system has other stuff besides antibodies for a reason. Of the lymphocytes in your blood, most of them aren't antibody producing cells. Most of them are other things. And so, well sticking with adjacent to antibodies, those antibodies in the mucosa, I'd want them to be made by cells that were literally right there. So plasma cells living in that site so that you've got basically the highest concentration of antibodies you can get because they're not having to diffuse through the whole body. They're just already at their highest concentration right there. Now antibodies come from B cells, that's what encodes the antibodies.Shane Crotty (17:03):And so, the B cells can make neutralizing antibodies if it turns out that you haven't made enough neutralizing antibodies, or if there's a variant that escapes those, maybe there are other B cells that could make, once you get infected, more B cells that could make more antibody rapidly infection, or B cells that recognize this variant that is mismatched to the current antibodies you have. But memory B cells are basically a library of different antibody specificities representing different guesses about what viral variants or structures might look like. And so, I would want memory B cells in that upper airway tissue that could reactivate quickly. There are memory B cells in your blood and we don't know how long it takes. And that's one of the reasons we're hoping we and others build upon this study. But it might take, let's say five days for memory B cells to go from your blood into your upper airway.Eric Topol (18:06):Oh, right.Shane Crotty (18:08):That's right, you were already quite sick by that point. Instead, if memory B cells are right there, as soon as virus showed up, they got activated. Now maybe after (we're not sure yet), but maybe after 48 hours those cells are now activated and doing something useful. That would be optimal. So then we can pivot to the T cell side. So there's a fantastic recognition that T cells being physically present in tissues, tissue resident memory cells, as they're most often called, can really have fantastic protective capacities. From a lot of mouse model systems where you can see T cells are in the skin or the liver, or whatever [tissue] are already there, they're more protective than if the cells are in the blood. So if you could also have T cells essentially permanently parked in the epithelium of your nasal passages and in the adenoid, hopefully those could essentially be sentinels for protective immunity, and as soon as you get infected, those T cells would reactivate and start killing off infected cells. 'That's the mix that I would want to see. And I think there's at least some reasonable evidence in the context of COVID that people who have T cells in their upper airways maybe manage to control the virus so quickly that it's a subclinical infection; they never notice when they get infected. And so, building on those types of observations, that's what I would want.Eric Topol (19:56):That sounds good. I like that. I'd like to have that in my nasal airway. Now, just to make sure I've got this, what you found, of course, the memory B cells, the T cell memory, CD8+, that is the cell-killing T cells that you mentioned, the resident T cells. One clarification on that, they are not really going to do much until there's been some cells that have been infected with the virus, right? Then they come alive and kill those cells. So they're not immediate, but they can work pretty quickly still though, right? If they're resident T cells?Shane Crotty (20:45):Yeah, in theory it might take as little as 12 hours for a virus to infect a cell, and then you get some antigen presentation on that cell that could activate the T cell.Eric Topol (20:58):And that's all happening perhaps within the incubation phase of the virus, right?Shane Crotty (21:07):Correct. That's a tough thing to study, but conceptually that's the way people tend to sketch it out.Eric Topol (21:13):Right. Now the other part of the story is, and you alluded to it earlier, is the lymphoid tissue up there, higher up where there are these germinal centers; is there anything different you want in these germinal centers? Do they contribute to mucosal immunity that you haven't already mentioned?Shane Crotty (21:36):So they really contribute in this forward looking sense or really in the classroom kind of sense. The germinal centers are where you're basically teaching the B cells in advance of seeing the infection either with your vaccine or with your previous infection, evolving better B cells and better antibodies and hopefully instructing them where to go reside to then be ready for the next infection. If you get really great protection that next time, hopefully then you don't need to start.Eric Topol (22:14):Right. So it's like the training grounds for this coordinated response, I guess. Now you also noted this, I mean this is a rich paper, which is we're illuminating something that's never been done before in human beings. I mean it's pretty damn important and impressive. But you also found that you had an age relationship. Can you tell us about that?Shane Crotty (22:39):Sure. This is one of our favorite parts of the study. I'd say in particular for several of the clinicians who were involved, because the general conversations people have about upper airway lymphoid tissue, like your tonsils and including your adenoids, is that adults don't really have functional lymphoid tissue in the upper airway that your tonsils atrophy by the time maybe you're 20 or something. So, immunologically, functionally, what that means is if you have let's say an intranasal vaccine or you get infected with a new [virus] like SARS-CoV-2, if those would normally be the sites that start your immune response, where does it now happen? And instead what we saw was, we had such a diverse group of people in our studies—we realized we had people from age 18 to 68—and so we could directly ask, in normal healthy individuals across a large age span of adulthood is there functional mucosal lymphoid tissue? And the answer was yes, it was there. But it definitely declines over time, and it's declining on a log scale. Our simplest statement was that 75% of everybody we sampled still had functional tissue, but the younger the people were, the more functional it was, and the more germinal centers actually we saw; again these training grounds.Eric Topol (24:35):So this is really important because we know for COVID and obviously for influenza and other respiratory infections that people of advanced age are much more susceptible. And here you are finding something that supports that ,and it's almost like, the thymus, it involutes. After that, what age 20, and our lymphoid tissue [involutes]. We're just set up to fail. Old codgers, like me we're defenseless, I guess, right?Shane Crotty (25:12):So what I've liked about that in a positive sense is that it's not that all of these things go to zero. Like for example, naive T cells are definitely less abundant in people over the age of 60 than under, but they're not zero. And the mucosal lymphoid tissue is definitely less abundant in people over the age of 60, but in most people it still wasn't zero. And I always think about these things from a vaccine immunology perspective, and fundamentally the difference between getting vaccinated and infected frequently is that the whole point of the vaccine is you get to generate the immune response on your own time. And so, even if you're starting with five times fewer T cells or five times fewer germinal centers, if you're getting to do all that training ground in advance, you can end up with just as many bispecific T cells as a 20-year-old or just as many memory B cells as a 20-year-old because these things occur on an exponential scale because of the cell divisions. And so, it might take you three extra days, for example, to get to the same level, which again, if you're racing a virus, can be the difference between life and death. But if it's not a race and if you're doing it in the context of a vaccine, it's a much smaller factor. And that's some of what we've been trying to learn.Eric Topol (26:42):Now we only have started to scratch the surface of your findings. One of the things that drives me nutty in reading papers, especially from great immunologists like you, is that in each figure there's like 20 different panels. We get to one of the figures, figure three is all the way to panel W. I mean that starts with A. That gives you a little impression of the data. It's rich, another one goes to N or R. I mean we're talking about a lot of data. So I've only started to really deconvolute what you've done here, which is just an amazing study. But what are some other things that we should touch on before wrapping up?Shane Crotty (27:35):A lot of the goal in this study was to establish baselines of what is normal in humans in the upper airways. And that's one reason why in this case there actually are a lot of figure panels because we could work out a bunch of individual parts of the immune system that really hadn't been characterized in this way before. And something we really cared about was durability of immune memory. It's often talked about, well, mucosal responses are inherently short-lived. And we're like, well, what does that mean? Does that mean there's just no memory? Is it different kinds of memory? And so, this is the first measurement of memory B cells in this tissue in an antigen specific way. And we were doing it in people who had had recent COVID breakthrough infections. And we saw really the mucosal memory was stable for six months. And so, to me that's quite encouraging that it's not one month and it's gone, at least with an infection, it's at least six months and it looks like it'll project out for substantially longer.Shane Crotty (28:53):Amongst those cells, many of them are IgA. IgA is this antibody isotype that's particularly mucosal associated. And only 5% of the memory B cells circulating in blood were IgA. Whereas many of the memory B cells in the local tissue were IgA, which we think is also telling us that there's a lot of immune memory and the immune system in this tissue that we're probably not sampling in the blood. And so, sampling blood's great, right? It's accessible and we can learn a lot from it, but it does look like there is some tissue compartmentalization.Eric Topol (29:37):Oh, not a question. And the findings you had of the resident T cell is so indicative of that. And what's really striking, of course Shane, is that as we assess the immune system in people at large, we look at a lymphocyte neutrophil ratio [in the blood], we get almost nothing. And then in the course of the pandemic, you and your colleagues there provided such granular data on B and T cells, CD4 and CD8 T cells, and that you illuminated things that are not done ever clinically. These are research, high tier research labs like yours. The only question I have on before I just wrap up with the nasal vaccine story, interferon wasn't really part of this. As we know SARS-CoV-2 can shut down the interferon response, it's considered a frontline part of the defense. Where does that fit into the mucosal immunity of the upper airway?Shane Crotty (30:46):Yeah, it's really important. And that's in this basic divide we do in the immune system, the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system. So everything I was talking about is the B cells, the T cells, and antibodies. That's all the adaptive immune system. That's all virus specific. And then the innate immune system is the generalists, and really sort of the fire alarm, just sensing some danger. And definitely in COVID interferon is very important. I'm quite intrigued to see if using these techniques. I'm curious to see if some of these other aspects of the immune system can compensate somewhat for the fact that this virus. To me, if this virus has one superpower, it's its incredible ability to evade triggering interferon for as long as it does. And that has this massive cascading effect to almost everything about the pandemic essentially. And so, I'm intrigued by whether in people who have immunity are there ways that these other cells of the immune system or even antibodies can do things when a viral infection occurs, that helps trigger the overall immune system to recognize that something's there, even in the absence of type 1 interferons. That's where I think for now it fits in.Eric Topol (32:14):Well. I think you've so aptly described, not surprisingly, the superpower of SARS-CoV-2, which I think a lot of people haven't realized that it's so good at shutting down that defense system. Now on the basis of you having really gotten this understanding of the mucosal immunity in the upper airway, does this make you think that the nasal vaccine that we aspire to have is more of a reality? Do you kind of know what the ideal profile might look like to keep people healthy and resist infections? Do you think this is achievable in any durable sense at high level success with a nasal spray vaccine?Shane Crotty (33:04):I'm optimistic for several reasons. One is we really saw a lot of different immune memory cell types that were present, that was encouraging and seeing the B cell memory durability for at least six months—pretty flat line for that six months—was encouraging. It looks like the immune system knows how to keep these cells around if it wants to for a significant period of time. We'll have to do more in follow up. But again, it was encouraging. Third, we had some people who were vaccinated only and some people who had breakthrough infections. And really in the vaccinated only, we didn't see T cell memory in the upper airways. And I actually consider that encouraging because it suggests local exposure does give you the memory and exposure in your arm really doesn't. So I think there is something to improve upon. It can be improved upon. And lastly, I get asked all the time, I'm sure you get asked all the time: Why aren't there more intranasal vaccines or inhaled vaccines, more mucosal vaccines in some way?Shane Crotty (34:25):And I think there's more than one reason, but I tend to be very practical, and I think one practical reason is there's very little to measure, to guide you in your vaccine development. If you have six ideas or six constructs that you think might work in humans as a nasal vaccine, you basically just have to pick one, try something, and hoping there's not much you can measure it clinical trials for what might be the type of response even. So for example, the FluMist vaccine, it's the only licensed inhaled vaccine, intranasal vaccine. In adults it doesn't have a clear correlate of protection. If you get vaccinated with that, your circulating antibody responses don't increase, but also increases in nasal antibody didn't correlate with protection well. So, what does that mean? That probably means there's other things going on up there that could be indicative of protection but weren't being measured before. So I'm hopeful with these types of approaches. Now, if you're an intranasal vaccine developer, you maybe have 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ideas or constructs. If you can try those in a few people and make these different measurements and you've got your favorite immune profile that you might, now you have something to, it's more of an engineering problem. It's not a throwing a dart problem. You're like, yeah, this has given me the type of response that I like and I'm going to try and push this into clinical trials. So those are the things that I'm optimistic about moving forward.Eric Topol (36:04):Well, I love it because we really need it. And if anybody's optimistic that means a lot; it's yours. What you've done here has been quite extraordinary because you defined for the first time really the underpinnings of the mucosal immune response, the upper airway, you did it by age, you did it by variant, you did it by vaccine and infection. And most importantly, perhaps for longer term is you established what are the desirable features to have, which didn't exist before. It seemed like whatever I read for nasal vaccines, they were measuring some IgA or IgG, and they didn't get down to the memory B cells and the tissue resident T cells, memory cells, and all these other things that you found. You did all this single cell sequencing and flow cytometry. The work is just really fantastic. So Shane, just in closing, I just want to congratulate you.Eric Topol (37:05):You made seminal findings along the pandemic. You were the one that really illuminated hybrid immunity, the advantage of if you don't want to have an infection of COVID, but if you did have that and a vaccine, you kind of had some extra synergy, if you will. But here you've done something, you and your team. Unique. Congratulations on that. No surprise that it's in Nature this week. I'm sure a lot of people will share your optimism that we will have something beyond just shots in the future because COVID isn't going away. There's other respiratory pathogens. And finally, somebody did the right study, who knows immunology inside and out. So Shane, thanks very much.Shane Crotty (37:52):Thanks Eric. Very much appreciated particularly coming from you.*****************************************Thanks for listening, reading or watching!The Ground Truths newsletters and podcasts are all free, open-access, without ads.Please share this post/podcast with your friends and network if you found it informativeVoluntary paid subscriptions all go to support Scripps Research. Many thanks for that—they greatly helped fund our summer internship programs for 2023 and 2024.Thanks to my producer Jessica Nguyen and Sinjun Balabanoff for audio and video support at Scripps Research.Note: you can select preferences to receive emails about newsletters, podcasts, or all I don't want to bother you with an email for content that you're not interested in. Get full access to Ground Truths at erictopol.substack.com/subscribe

In this episode, we sit down with Dr. John Lewis, a leading expert in nutritional research and the therapeutic potential of Aloe polysaccharides. Dr. Lewis shares insights from his groundbreaking studies on Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis (MS), and the broader impacts of Aloe polysaccharides on immune function and brain health. Key Topics Discussed Understanding Aloe Polysaccharides What are Aloe polysaccharides? How are they extracted and formulated for nutritional supplements? Research on Alzheimer's Disease and Multiple Sclerosis Overview of Dr. Lewis's studies on Alzheimer's disease and MS. Impact of Aloe polysaccharides on cognitive function and disease progression. Immune System Modulation Effects of Aloe polysaccharides on CD4 to CD8 ratios. Regulation of key cytokines: TNF-alpha, VEGF, and BDNF. Balancing TH1 and TH2 responses. Brain Care Formulation Detailed discussion on the Brain Care formulation developed by Dr. Lewis. Clinical results and patient outcomes. Challenges in Nutritional Research Funding difficulties for nutritional and supplement research. Issues with the pharmacological model of placebo-controlled randomized double-blind trials. Why this model is challenging for evaluating supplements and nutritional interventions. Future Directions and Innovations Potential future applications of Aloe polysaccharides in other health conditions. Innovations in nutritional research methodologies. Key Takeaways Aloe Polysaccharides: Naturally occurring compounds with significant therapeutic potential, particularly in modulating immune function and supporting brain health. Clinical Research: Dr. Lewis's studies highlight the positive effects of Aloe polysaccharides on Alzheimer's disease, MS, and overall immune health. Nutritional Research Challenges: The current pharmacological model of clinical trials poses challenges for the study of supplements, necessitating new research approaches. Research References Studies on Alzheimer's disease and Aloe polysaccharides: Positive impacts on cognitive function and disease markers. Research on MS: Aloe polysaccharides and their role in managing symptoms and progression. Immune modulation: Detailed findings on CD4/CD8 ratios, cytokines (TNF-alpha, VEGF, BDNF), and TH1/TH2 balance. Dr. John Lewis provides compelling evidence on the health benefits of Aloe polysaccharides and underscores the need for innovative research methodologies in nutritional science. This episode offers valuable insights for anyone interested in the intersection of nutrition, immune function, and brain health.Connect with Dr. John Lewis Website: Dr. John Lewis Nutrition If you want to get Daily Brain Care visit our online curated range of cutting edge longevity and anti-aging supplements at  BIO John E. Lewis, Ph.D. is the Founder and President of Dr Lewis Nutrition™. Dr. John E. Lewis has spent most of his career developing a unique approach as someone who "walks the walk" through all of his combined professional and personal experiences to attaining optimal health through nutrition, dietary supplements, and exercise. Throughout his research career, he has evaluated many different nutritional approaches to enhancing well-being, particularly for brain health, immune function, and counteracting aging. He can separate fact from fiction regarding how to utilize nutrition and dietary supplements to help you achieve and maintain optimal health. If you need a trusted source of information, products, and services, then look no further than Dr. Lewis and how he can help you achieve your health-related goals. Professional Career Dr. Lewis is past full-time Associate Professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine and the Founder and President of Dr Lewis Nutrition™. He is a Diplomate, Faculty Member, and Advisor of the Medical Wellness Association. He has been the principal investigator of over 30 different studies on human health in his research career. During that time, he either directly raised or indirectly supported raising over $23 million in grants, gifts, and contracts for research studies and clinical trials and educational programs for medical students. In addition to his research, Dr. Lewis has been an invited national and international lecturer and guest speaker at conferences and as a guest on television shows. He is a well-known author with over 180 peer-reviewed publications in some of the world's leading scientific journals. He has also mentored many different students, from undergraduates to post-doctoral trainees, in not only how to conduct clinical research but to apply the principles of health promotion into daily practice. Research Interests Much of Dr. Lewis's research has focused on evaluating the effects of nutrition, dietary supplements, and exercise on various aspects of human health. He and his colleagues have been continually searching for ways to help people achieve and maintain health through natural treatments that align with our physiology. A primary stimulus for the origin of Dr Lewis Nutrition™ occurred after Dr. Lewis ran his landmark study on how an aloe polysaccharide multi-nutrient complex improved cognitive and immune functioning after 12 months in persons with moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease, leading to the creation of the dietary supplement, Daily Brain Care. Daily Brain Care showed clinically and statistically significant improvements in cognition according to the ADAS-cog cognition score and statistically significant improvements in inflammation (according to TNFα and VEGF), immune function (according to the CD4/CD8 ratio), and adult stem cells (according to CD14+ cells). His seminal publication from the study in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease not only spurred him to leave academics and pursue a science-based business career, but also enabled him to be selected for a widely-acclaimed TEDxMiami talk. Founding Dr Lewis Nutrition™ While Dr. Lewis still maintains an academic affiliation, he chose to leave a full-time research career to pursue his true passion of helping people achieve health through nutrition, dietary supplements, and exercise. His research in brain health and immune function was key in the creation of Daily Brain Care, but afterward he chose to shift into business where the opportunity to reach a larger audience is greater. Dr Lewis Nutrition™ is the vehicle through which Dr. Lewis leverages his many years of personal and professional work to spread a message of health that is so desperately needed, particularly for those who are afflicted with an all-too-common chronic disease, e.g., neurodegeneration, immune dysfunction, or cardiac and metabolic disorder. Dr. Lewis will continue to be a thought leader to help people utilize the power of nutrition and dietary supplements and learn how to take control of and optimize their health.         Personalised Health Optimisation Consulting with Lisa Tamati Lisa offers solution focused coaching sessions to help you find the right answers to your challenges. Topics Lisa can help with:  Lisa is a Genetics Practitioner, Health Optimisation Coach, High Performance and Mindset Coach. She is a qualified Ph360 Epigenetics coach and a clinician with The DNA Company and has done years of research into brain rehabilitation, neurodegenerative diseases and biohacking. She has extensive knowledge on such therapies as hyperbaric oxygen,  intravenous vitamin C, sports performance, functional genomics, Thyroid, Hormones, Cancer and much more. She can assist with all functional medicine testing. Testing Options Comprehensive Thyroid testing DUTCH Hormone testing Adrenal Testing Organic Acid Testing Microbiome Testing Cell Blueprint Testing Epigenetics Testing DNA testing Basic Blood Test analysis Heavy Metals  Nutristat Omega 3 to 6 status and more  Lisa and her functional medicine colleagues in the practice can help you navigate the confusing world of health and medicine . She can also advise on the latest research and where to get help if mainstream medicine hasn't got the answers you are searching for whatever the  challenge you are facing from cancer to gut issues, from depression and anxiety, weight loss issues, from head injuries to burn out to hormone optimisation to the latest in longevity science. Book your consultation with Lisa    Join our Patron program and support the show Pushing the Limits' has been free to air for over 8 years. Providing leading edge information to anyone who needs it. But we need help on our mission.  Please join our patron community and get exclusive member benefits (more to roll out later this year) and support this educational platform for the price of a coffee or two You can join by going to  Lisa's Patron Community Or if you just want to support Lisa with a "coffee" go to  https://www.buymeacoffee.com/LisaT to donate $3   Lisa's Anti-Aging and Longevity Supplements  Lisa has spent years curating a very specialized range of exclusive longevity, health optimizing supplements from leading scientists, researchers and companies all around the world.  This is an unprecedented collection. The stuff Lisa wanted for her family but couldn't get in NZ that's what it's in her range. Lisa is constantly researching and interviewing the top scientists and researchers in the world to get you the best cutting edge supplements to optimize your life.   Subscribe to our popular Youtube channel  with over 600 videos, millions of views, a number of full length documentaries, and much more. You don't want to miss out on all the great content on our Lisa's youtube channel. Youtube   Order Lisa's Books Lisa has published 5 books: Running Hot, Running to Extremes, Relentless, What your oncologist isn't telling you and her latest "Thriving on the Edge"  Check them all out at  https://shop.lisatamati.com/collections/books   Perfect Amino Supplement by Dr David Minkoff Introducing PerfectAmino PerfectAmino is an amino acid supplement that is 99% utilized by the body to make protein. PerfectAmino is 3-6x the protein of other sources with almost no calories. 100% vegan and non-GMO. The coated PerfectAmino tablets are a slightly different shape and have a natural, non-GMO, certified organic vegan coating on them so they will glide down your throat easily. Fully absorbed within 20-30 minutes! No other form of protein comes close to PerfectAminos Listen to the episode with Dr Minkoff here:    Use code "tamati" at checkout to get a 10% discount on any of their devices.   Red Light Therapy: Lisa is a huge fan of Red Light Therapy and runs a Hyperbaric and Red Light Therapy clinic. If you are wanting to get the best products try Flexbeam: A wearable Red Light Device https://recharge.health/product/flexbeam-aff/?ref=A9svb6YLz79r38   Or Try Vielights' advanced Photobiomodulation Devices Vielight brain photobiomodulation devices combine electrical engineering and neuroscience. To find out more about photobiomodulation, current studies underway and already completed and for the devices mentioned in this video go to www.vielight.com and use code “tamati” to get 10% off     Enjoyed This Podcast? If you did, subscribe and share it with your friends! If you enjoyed tuning in, then leave us a review and share this with your family and friends. Have any questions? You can contact my team through email (support@lisatamati.com) or find me on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube. For more episode updates, visit my website. You may also tune in on Apple Podcasts.  To pushing the limits, Lisa and team

The Chuck & Julie Show with Chuck Bonniwell and Julie Hayden With Guests, Colorado Congressman from CD4, Greg Lopez and Former Sheriff and Investigative Expert, Mark Pfoff Colorado's new Congressman from CD4 Greg Lopez joins the show. He won the special election and will keep the seat until after the general election in November. Rep. Lauren Boebert beat out RINO candidates to win the GOP nomination for the CD4 general election. But it was a disappointing day otherwise for Colorado grassroots conservatives. We break it down.

Today is election day, and for Congresswoman Lauren Boebert it's a big one. She has five opponents for the Republican nomination in her new district in Colorado and, as we've learned in this limited-run podcast series, a whole lot of baggage. But we're done dissecting her controversies and analyzing her strategies. On this final episode, it's time to sit down at her kitchen table and hear her side of the story. We'll be breaking down the CD4 primary election results, as well as every other race that matters to Denverites, on our daily local news and culture podcast City Cast Denver. Subscribe here to hear our reactions and break down first thing tomorrow morning. ‘Lauren Boebert Can't Lose' is a City Cast production from the team at City Cast Denver. Bree Davies is our host. Paul Karolyi reported and produced this episode with tons of support from the rest of the team at City Cast, including but not exclusively our content directors Wil Fulton and Andrea Silenzi, producers Olivia Jewell Love and Xandra McMahon, chief creative officer Andi McDaniel, CEO David Plotz, and technical director Noah Sniderman. Our music is by Don Chicharrón and Los Mocochetes. Thanks also to Joshua Emerson for production support. Bree mentioned this Pew Research Center study on transgender and nonbinary visibility in American society.  Follow us on Instagram: @citycastdenver Chat with other listeners on reddit: r/CityCastDenver What do you think about Congresswoman Lauren Boebert? Text or leave us a voicemail with your name and neighborhood, and you might hear it on the show: 720-500-5418‬ Looking to advertise on City Cast Denver? Check out our options for podcast and newsletter ads at citycast.fm/advertise Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Marilyn Fabbri joins TWiP to reveal the case of a patient who became very ill after he and a number of friends attended a large dinner where venison and boar were served. Hosts: Daniel Griffin, Dickson Despommier and Christina Naula Guest: Marilyn Fabbri Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Links for this episode Join the MicrobeTV Discord server Toxoplasma gondii (TWiP 12) Parasitic Diseases Lectures #15: Toxoplasmosis Letters read on TWiP 237 Become a patron of TWiP  New Case Man in his 60s with HIV/AIDS CD4 count less than 50, CD4% less than 5% and elevated viral load (VL) with report of prior CNS toxoplasmosis requiring a craniotomy, disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), comes in with fever and very watery diarrhea x 4 days. He reports that he lives in Georgia but comes up to NY for his HIV care and stays in NYC. Send your guesses to twip@microbe.tv with TWiP 237 in the subject line Send your questions and comments to twip@microbe.tv Music by Ronald Jenkees

The stakes are especially high in three of Colorado's congressional districts, where traditionally Republican strongholds will be decided this election year. Today, Purplish looks at CD4. Then, why there's a slowdown on a key RTD light rail corridor. And, how wildfire and the pandemic inspired Laura Pritchett's new novel, "Playing with Wildfire."

The stakes are especially high in three of Colorado's congressional districts, where traditionally Republican strongholds will be decided this election year. Today, Purplish looks at CD4. Then, why there's a slowdown on a key RTD light rail corridor. And, how wildfire and the pandemic inspired Laura Pritchett's new novel, "Playing with Wildfire."

It's Friday and we're rounding up the news of the week. First, Kyle Clark's stellar performance as a moderator for the Congressional District 4 debates caught the attention of Jimmy Kimmel, so we had to ask him about it. The 9News anchor also joins host Bree Davies and producer Paul Karolyi to talk about the Colorado GOP's weird week involving the slandering of Pride and a friendly nod to the Westboro Baptist Church. Then, an epic city council sidewalk disappointment, a celebration of the zipper merge, and more wins and fails of the week. We talked about our special series Lauren Boebert Can't Lose, as well as both Kyle and Bree's interviews with congressional district candidate Valdamar Archuleta. Kyle mentioned 9News' review of the handling of the initial investigation into Elijah McClain's death and Paul shouted out Representative Steph Vigil's legislation supporting gig workers. Bree talked about American Culture's show this weekend at D3 Arts — and you can hear “Hey Brother, It's Been a While”, the band's latest release on Bandcamp. For more on the Westboro Baptist Church, Paul recommends this interview with former Westboro member Megan Phelps-Roper. It's from a podcast he produced a few years ago, hosted by the badass local pastor Nadia Bolz-Weber.  What do you think about Kyle Clark's performance at the CD4 debate last week? Text or leave us a voicemail with your name and neighborhood, and you might hear it on the show: 720-500-5418‬ For even more news from around the city, subscribe to our morning newsletter Hey Denver at denver.citycast.fm. Follow us on Instagram: @citycastdenver Chat with other listeners on reddit: r/CityCastDenver Support City Cast Denver by becoming a member: membership.citycast.fm/Denver Learn more about the sponsors of this episode: Central City Opera Arvada Center Summer Concert Series Museum of Outdoor Arts  PineMelon Looking to advertise on City Cast Denver? Check out our options for podcast and newsletter ads at citycast.fm/advertise Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this podcast, Thomas Czech, Distinguished Professor at the University of Colorado, Boulder, with a lineage of remarkable contributions on RNA, ribozyme, and telomeres, discuss why RNA is so incredibly versatile.Video snippet from our conversation. Full videos of all Ground Truths podcasts can be seen on YouTube here. The audios are also available on Apple and Spotify.Transcript with links to the audio and external linksEric Topol (00:07):Well, hello, this is Eric Topol from Ground Truths, and it's really a delight for me to welcome Tom Cech who just wrote a book, the Catalyst, and who is a Nobel laureate for his work in RNA. And is at the University of Colorado Boulder as an extraordinary chemist and welcome Tom.Tom Cech (00:32):Eric, I'm really pleased to be here.The RNA GuyEric Topol (00:35):Well, I just thoroughly enjoyed your book, and I wanted to start out, if I could, with a quote, which gets us right off the story here, and let me just get to it here. You say, “the DNA guy would need to become an RNA guy. Though I didn't realize it at the time, jumping ship would turn out to be the most momentous decision in my life.” Can you elaborate a bit on that?Tom Cech (01:09):As a graduate student at Berkeley, I was studying DNA and chromosomes. I thought that DNA was king and really somewhat belittled the people in the lab next door who were working on RNA, I thought it was real sort of second fiddle material. Of course, when RNA is acting just as a message, which is an important function, a critical function in all life on earth, but still, it's a function that's subservient to DNA. It's just copying the message that's already written in the playbook of DNA. But little did I know that the wonders of RNA were going to excite me and really the whole world in unimaginable ways.Eric Topol (02:00):Well, they sure have, and you've lit up the world well before you had your Nobel Prize in 1989 was Sid Altman with ribozyme. And I think one of the things that struck me, which are so compelling in the book as I think people might know, it's divided in two sections. The first is much more on the biology, and the second is much more on the applications and how it's changing the world. We'll get into it particularly in medicine, but the interesting differentiation from DNA, which is the one trick pony, as you said, all it does is store stuff. And then the incredible versatility of RNA as you discovered as a catalyst, that challenging dogma, that proteins are supposed to be the only enzymes. And here you found RNA was one, but also so much more with respect to genome editing and what we're going to get into here. So I thought what we might get into is the fact that you kind of went into the scum of the pond with this organism, which by the way, you make a great case for the importance of basic science towards the end of the book. But can you tell us about how you, and then of course, many others got into the Tetrahymena thermophila, which I don't know that much about that organism.Tom Cech (03:34):Yeah, it's related to Tetrahymena is related to paramecium, which is probably more commonly known because it's an even larger single celled animal. And therefore, in an inexpensive grade school microscope, kids can look through and see these ciliated protozoa swimming around on a glass slide. But I first learned about them when I was a postdoc at MIT and I would drive down to Joe Gall's lab at Yale University where Liz Blackburn was a postdoc at the time, and they were all studying Tetrahymena. It has the remarkable feature that it has 10,000 identical copies of a particular gene and for a higher organism, one that has its DNA in the nucleus and does its protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. Typically, each gene's present in two copies, one from mom, one from dad. And if you're a biochemist, which I am having lots of stuff is a real advantage. So 10,000 copies of a particular gene pumping out RNA copies all the time was a huge experimental advantage. And that's what I started working on when I started my own lab at Boulder.Eric Topol (04:59):Well, and that's where, I guess the title of the book, the Catalyst ultimately, that grew into your discovery, right?Tom Cech (05:08):Well, at one level, yes, but I also think that the catalyst in a more general conversational sense means just facilitating life in this case. So RNA does much more than just serve as a biocatalyst or a message, and we'll get into that with genome editing and with telomerase as well.The Big Bang and 11 Nobel Prizes on RNA since 2000Eric Topol (05:32):Yes, and I should note that as you did early in the book, that there's been an 11 Nobel prize awardees since 2000 for RNA work. And in fact, we just had Venki who I know you know very well as our last podcast. And prior to that, Kati Karikó, Jennifer Doudna who worked in your lab, and the long list of people working RNA in the younger crowd like David Liu and Fyodor Urnov and just so many others, we need to have an RNA series because it's just exploding. And that one makes me take you back for a moment to 2007. And when I was reading the book, it came back to me about the Economist cover. You may recall almost exactly 17 years ago. It was called the Biology's Big Bang – Unravelling the secrets of RNA. And in that, there was a notable quote from that article. Let me just get to that. And it says, “it is probably no exaggeration to say that biology is now undergoing its neutron moment.”(06:52):This is 17 years ago. “For more than half a century the fundamental story of living things has been a tale of the interplay between genes, in the form of DNA, and proteins, which is genes encode and which do the donkey work of keeping living organisms living. The past couple of years, 17 years ago, however, has seen the rise and rise of a third type of molecule, called RNA.” Okay, so that was 2007. It's pretty extraordinary. And now of course we're talking about the century of biology. So can you kind of put these last 17 years in perspective and where we're headed?Tom Cech (07:34):Well, Eric, of course, this didn't all happen in one moment. It wasn't just one big bang. And the scientific community has been really entranced with the wonders of RNA since the 1960s when everyone was trying to figure out how messenger RNA stored the genetic code. But the general public has been really kept in the dark about this, I think. And as scientists, were partially to blame for not reaching out and sharing what we have found with them in a way that's more understandable. The DNA, the general public's very comfortable with, it's the stuff of our heredity. We know about genetic diseases, about tracing our ancestry, about solving crimes with DNA evidence. We even say things like it's in my DNA to mean that it's really fundamental to us. But I think that RNA has been sort of kept in the closet, and now with the mRNA vaccines against Covid-19, at least everyone's heard of RNA. And I think that that sort of allowed me to put my foot in the door and say, hey, if you were curious about the mRNA vaccines, I have some more stories for you that you might be really interested in.RNA vs RNAEric Topol (09:02):Yeah, well, we'll get to that. Maybe we should get to that now because it is so striking the RNA versus RNA chapter in your book, and basically the story of how this RNA virus SARS-CoV-2 led to a pandemic and it was fought largely through the first at scale mRNA nanoparticle vaccine package. Now, that takes us back to some seminal work of being able to find, giving an mRNA to a person without inciting massive amount of inflammation and the substitution of pseudouridine or uridine in order to do that. Does that really get rid of all the inflammation? Because obviously, as you know, there's been some negativism about mRNA vaccines for that and also for the potential of not having as much immune cell long term activation. Maybe you could speak to that.Tom Cech (10:03):Sure. So the discovery by Kati Karikó and Drew Weissman of the pseudouridine substitution certainly went a long way towards damping down the immune response, the inflammatory response that one naturally gets with an RNA injection. And the reason for that is that our bodies are tuned to be on the lookout for foreign RNA because so many viruses don't even mess with DNA at all. They just have a genome made of RNA. And so, RNA replicating itself is a danger sign. It means that our immune system should be on the lookout for this. And so, in the case of the vaccination, it's really very useful to dampen this down. A lot of people thought that this might make the mRNA vaccines strange or foreign or sort of a drug rather than a natural substance. But in fact, modified nucleotides, nucleotides being the building blocks of RNA, so these modified building blocks such as pseudoU, are in fact found in natural RNAs more in some than in others. And there are about 200 modified versions of the RNA building blocks found in cells. So it's really not an unusual modification or something that's all that foreign, but it was very useful for the vaccines. Now your other question Eric had to do with the, what was your other question, Eric?Eric Topol (11:51):No, when you use mRNA, which is such an extraordinary way to get the spike protein in a controlled way, exposed without the virus to people, and it saved millions of lives throughout the pandemic. But the other question is compared to other vaccine constructs, there's a question of does it give us long term protective immunity, particularly with T cells, both CD8 cytotoxic, maybe also CD4, as I know immunology is not your main area of interest, but that's been a rub that's been put out there, that it isn't just a weaning of immunity from the virus, but also perhaps that the vaccines themselves are not as good for that purpose. Any thoughts on that?Tom Cech (12:43):Well, so my main thought on that is that this is a property of the virus more than of the vaccine. And respiratory viruses are notoriously hard to get long-term immunity. I mean, look at the flu virus. We have to have annual flu shots. If this were like measles, which is a very different kind of virus, one flu shot would protect you against at least that strain of flu for the rest of your life. So I think the bad rap here is not the vaccine's fault nearly as much as it's the nature of respiratory viruses.RNA And Aging Eric Topol (13:27):No, that's extremely helpful. Now, let me switch to an area that's really fascinating, and you've worked quite a bit on the telomerase story because this is, as you know, being pursued quite a bit, has thought, not just because telomeres might indicate something about biologic aging, but maybe they could help us get to an anti-aging remedy or whatever you want to call it. I'm not sure if you call it a treatment, but tell us about this important enzyme, the role of the RNA building telomeres. And maybe you could also connect that with what a lot of people might not be familiar with, at least from years ago when they learned about it, the Hayflick limit.Tom Cech (14:22):Yes. Well, Liz Blackburn and Carol Greider got the Nobel Prize for the discovery of telomerase along with Jack Szostak who did important initial work on that system. And what it does is, is it uses an RNA as a template to extend the ends of human chromosomes, and this allows the cell to keep dividing without end. It gives the cell immortality. Now, when I say immortality, people get very excited, but I'm talking about immortality at the cellular level, not for the whole organism. And in the absence of a mechanism to build out the ends of our chromosomes, the telomeres being the end of the chromosome are incompletely replicated with each cell division. And so, they shrink over time, and when they get critically short, they signal the cell to stop dividing. This is what is called the Hayflick limit, first discovered by Leonard Hayflick in Philadelphia.(15:43):And he, through his careful observations on cells, growing human cells growing in Petri dishes, saw that they could divide about 50 times and then they wouldn't die. They would just enter a state called senescence. They would change shape, they would change their metabolism, but they would importantly quit dividing. And so, we now see this as a useful feature of human biology that this protects us from getting cancer because one of the hallmarks of cancer is immortality of the tumor cells. And so, if you're wishing for your telomeres to be long and your cells to keep dividing, you have to a little bit be careful what you wish for because this is one foot in the door for cancer formation.Eric Topol (16:45):Yeah, I mean, the point is that it seems like the body and the cell is smart to put these cells into the senescent state so they can't divide anymore. And one of the points you made in the book that I think is worth noting is that 90% of cancers have the telomerase, how do you say it?Tom Cech (17:07):Telomerase.Eric Topol (17:08):Yeah, reactivate.Tom Cech (17:09):Right.Eric Topol (17:10):That's not a good sign.Tom Cech (17:12):Right. And there are efforts to try to target telomerase enzyme for therapeutic purposes, although again, it's tricky because we do have stem cells in our bodies, which are the exception to the Hayflick limit rule. They do still have telomerase, they still have to keep dividing, maybe not as rapidly as a cancer cell, but they still keep dividing. And this is critical for the replenishment of certain worn out tissues in our such as skin cells, such as many of our blood cells, which may live only 30 days before they poop out. That's a scientific term for needing to be replenished, right?Eric Topol (18:07):Yeah. Well, that gets me to the everybody's, now I got the buzz about anti-aging, and whether it's senolytics to get rid of these senescent cells or whether it's to rejuvenate the stem cells that are exhausted or work on telomeres, all of these seem to connect with a potential or higher risk of cancer. I wonder what your thoughts are as we go forward using these various biologic constructs to be able to influence the whole organism, the whole human body aging process.Tom Cech (18:47):Yes. My view, and others may disagree is that aging is not an affliction. It's not a disease. It's not something that we should try to cure, but what we should work on is having a healthy life into our senior years. And perhaps you and I are two examples of people who are at that stage of our life. And what we would really like is to achieve, is to be able to be active and useful to society and to our families for a long period of time. So using the information about telomerase, for example, to help our stem cells stay healthy until we are, until we're ready to cash it in. And for that matter on the other side of the coin, to try to inhibit the telomerase in cancer because cancer, as we all know, is a disease of aging, right? There are young people who get cancer, but if you look at the statistics, it's really heavily weighted towards people who've been around a long time because mutations accumulate and other damage to cells that would normally protect against cancer accumulates. And so, we have to target both the degradation of our stem cells, but also the occurrence of cancer, particularly in the more senior population. And knowing more about RNA is really helpful in that regard.RNA DrugsEric Topol (20:29):Yeah. Well, one of the things that comes across throughout the book is versatility of RNA. In fact, you only I think, mentioned somewhere around 12 or 14 of these different RNAs that have a million different shapes, and there's so many other names of different types of RNAs. It's really quite extraordinary. But one of the big classes of RNAs has really hit it. In fact, this week there are two new interfering RNAs that are having extraordinary effects reported in the New England Journal on all the lipids, abnormal triglycerides and LDL cholesterol, APOC3. And can you talk to us about this interfering the small interfering RNAs and how they become, you've mentioned in the book over 400 RNAs are in the clinic now.Tom Cech (21:21):Yeah, so the 400 of course is beyond just the siRNAs, but these, again, a wonderful story about how fundamental science done just to understand how nature works without any particular expectation of a medical spinoff, often can have the most phenomenal and transformative effects on medicine. And this is one of those examples. It came from a roundworm, which is about the size of an eyelash, which a scientist named Sydney Brenner in England had suggested would be a great experimental organism because the entire animal has only about a thousand cells, and it's transparent so we can look at, see where the cells are, we can watch the worm develop. And what Andy Fire and Craig Mello found in this experimental worm was that double-stranded RNA, you think about DNA is being double-stranded and RNA as being single stranded. But in this case, it was an unusual case where the RNA was forming a double helix, and these little pieces of double helical RNA could turn off the expression of genes in the worm.(22:54):And that seemed remarkable and powerful. But as often happens in biology, at least for those of us who believe in evolution, what goes for the worm goes for the human as well. So a number of scientists quickly found that the same process was going on in the human body as a natural way of regulating the expression of our genes, which means how much of a particular gene product is actually going to be made in a particular cell. But not only was it a natural process, but you could introduce chemically synthesized double helical RNAs. There are only 23 base pairs, 23 units of RNA long, so they're pretty easy to chemically synthesize. And that once these are introduced into a human, the machinery that's already there grabs hold of them and can be used to turn off the expression of a disease causing RNA or the gene makes a messenger RNA, and then this double-stranded RNA can suppress its action. So this has become the main company that is known for doing this is Alnylam in Boston, Cambridge. And they have made quite a few successful products based on this technology.Eric Topol (24:33):Oh, absolutely. Not just for amyloidosis, but as I mentioned these, they even have a drug that's being tested now, as you know that you could take once or twice a year to manage your blood pressure. Wouldn't that be something instead of a pill every day? And then of course, all these others that are not just from Alnylam, but other companies I wasn't even familiar with for managing lipids, which is taking us well beyond statins and these, so-called PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies, so it's really blossoming. Now, the other group of RNA drugs are antisense drugs, and it seemed like they took forever to warm up, and then finally they hit. And can you distinguish the antisense versus the siRNA therapeutics?Tom Cech (25:21):Yes, in a real general sense, there's some similarity as well as some differences, but the antisense, what are called oligonucleotides, whoa, that's a big word, but oligo just means a few, right? And nucleotides is just the building blocks of nucleic acid. So you have a string of a few of these. And again, it's the power of RNA that it is so good at specifically base pairing only with matching sequences. So if you want to match with a G in a target messenger RNA, you put a C in the antisense because G pairs with C, if you want to put an A, if want to match with an A, you put a U in the antisense because A and U form a base pair U is the RNA equivalent of T and DNA, but they have the same coding capacity. So any school kid can write out on a notepad or on their laptop what the sequence would have to be of an antisense RNA to specifically pair with a particular mRNA.(26:43):And this has been, there's a company in your neck of the woods in the San Diego area. It started out with the name Isis that turned out to be the wrong Egyptian God to name your company after, so they're now known as Ionis. Hopefully that name will be around for a while. But they've been very successful in modifying these antisense RNAs or nucleic acids so that they are stable in the body long enough so that they can pair with and thereby inhibit the expression of particular target RNAs. So it has both similarities and differences from the siRNAs, but the common denominator is RNA is great stuff.RNA and Genome EditingEric Topol (27:39):Well, you have taken that to in catalyst, the catalyst, you've proven that without a doubt and you and so many other extraordinary scientists over the years, cumulatively. Now, another way to interfere with genes is editing. And of course, you have a whole chapter devoted to not just well CRISPR, but the whole genome editing field. And by the way, I should note that I forgot because I had read the Codebreaker and we recently spoke Jennifer Doudna and I, that she was in your lab as a postdoc and you made some wonderful comments about her. I don't know if you want to reflect about having Jennifer, did you know that she was going to do some great things in her career?Tom Cech (28:24):Oh, there was no question about it, Eric. She had been a star graduate student at Harvard, had published a series of breathtaking papers in magazines such as Science and Nature already as a graduate student. She won a Markey fellowship to come to Colorado. She chose a very ambitious project trying to determine the molecular structures of folded RNA molecules. We only had one example at the time, and that was the transfer RNA, which is involved in protein synthesis. And here she was trying these catalytic RNAs, which we had discovered, which were much larger than tRNA and was making great progress, which she finished off as an assistant professor at Yale. So what the general public may not know was that in scientific, in the scientific realm, she was already highly appreciated and much awarded before she even heard anything about CRISPR.Eric Topol (29:38):Right. No, it was a great line you have describing her, “she had an uncanny talent for designing just the right experiment to test any hypothesis, and she possessed more energy and drive than any scientist I'd ever met.” That's pretty powerful. Now getting into CRISPR, the one thing, it's amazing in just a decade to see basically the discovery of this natural system to then be approved by FDA for sickle cell disease and beta thalassemia. However, the way it exists today, it's very primitive. It's not actually fixing the gene that's responsible, it's doing a workaround plan. It's got double strand breaks in the DNA. And obviously there's better ways of editing, which are going to obviously involve RNA epigenetic editing, if you will as well. What is your sense about the future of genome editing?Tom Cech (30:36):Yeah, absolutely, Eric. It is primitive right now. These initial therapies are way too expensive as well to make them broadly applicable to the entire, even in a relatively wealthy country like the United States, we need to drive the cost down. We need to get them to work, we need to get the process of introducing them into the CRISPR machinery into the human body to be less tedious and less time consuming. But you've got to start somewhere. And considering that the Charpentier and Doudna Nobel Prize winning discovery was in 2012, which is only a dozen years ago, this is remarkable progress. More typically, it takes 30 years from a basic science discovery to get a medical product with about a 1% chance of it ever happening. And so, this is clearly a robust RNA driven machine. And so, I think the future is bright. We can talk about that some more, but I don't want to leave RNA out of this conversation, Eric. So what's cool about CRISPR is its incredible specificity. Think of the human genome as a million pages of text file on your computer, a million page PDF, and now CRISPR can find one sentence out of that million pages that matches, and that's because it's using RNA, again, the power of RNA to form AU and GC base pairs to locate just one site in our whole DNA, sit down there and direct this Cas9 enzyme to cut the DNA at that site and start the repair process that actually does the gene editing.Eric Topol (32:41):Yeah, it's pretty remarkable. And the fact that it can be so precise and it's going to get even more precise over time in terms of the repair efforts that are needed to get it back to an ideal state. Now, the other thing I wanted to get into with you a bit is on the ribosome, because that applies to antibiotics and as you call it, the mothership. And I love this metaphor that you had about the ribosome, and in the book, “the ribosome is your turntable, the mRNA is the vinyl LP record, and the protein is the music you hear when you lower the needle.” Tell us more about the ribosome and the role of antibiotics.Tom Cech (33:35):So do you think today's young people will understand that metaphor?Eric Topol (33:40):Oh, they probably will. They're making a comeback. These records are making a comeback.Tom Cech (33:44):Okay. Yes, so this is a good analogy in that the ribosome is so versatile it's able to play any music that you feed at the right messenger RNA to make the music being the protein. So you can have in the human body, we have tens of thousands of different messenger RNAs. Each one threads through the same ribosome and spills out the production of whatever protein matches that mRNA. And so that's pretty remarkable. And what Harry Noller at UC Santa Cruz and later the crystallographers Venki Ramakrishnan, Tom Steitz, Ada Yonath proved really through their studies was that this is an RNA machine. It was hard to figure that out because the ribosome has three RNAs and it has dozens of proteins as well. So for a long time people thought it must be one of those proteins that was the heart and soul of the record player, so to speak.RNA and Antibiotics(34:57):And it turned out that it was the RNA. And so, when therefore these scientists, including Venki who you just talked to, looked at where these antibiotics docked on the ribosome, they found that they were blocking the key functional parts of the RNA. So it was really, the antibiotics knew what they were doing long before we knew what they were doing. They were talking to and obstructing the action of the ribosomal RNA. Why is this a good thing for us? Because bacterial ribosomes are just enough different from human ribosomes that there are drugs that will dock to the bacterial ribosomal RNA, throw a monkey wrench into the machine, prevent it from working, but the human ribosomes go on pretty much unfazed.Eric Topol (36:00):Yeah, no, the backbone of our antibiotics relies on this. So I think people need to understand about the two subunits, the large and the small and this mothership, and you illuminate that so really well in the book. That also brings me to phage bacteria phage, and we haven't seen that really enter the clinic in a significant way, but there seems to be a great opportunity. What's your view about that?Tom Cech (36:30):This is an idea that goes way back because since bacteria have their own viruses which do not infect human cells, why not repurpose those into little therapeutic entities that could kill, for example, what would we want to kill? Well, maybe tuberculosis has been very resistant to drugs, right? There are drug resistant strains of TB, yes, of TB, tuberculosis, and especially in immunocompromised individuals, this bug runs rampant. And so, I don't know the status of that. It's been challenging, and this is the way that biomedicine works, is that for every 10 good ideas, and I would say phage therapy for bacterial disease is a good idea. For every 10 such ideas, one of them ends up being practical. And the other nine, maybe somebody else will come along and find a way to make it work, but it hasn't been a big breakthrough yet.RNA, Aptamers and ProteinsEric Topol (37:54):Yeah, no, it's really interesting. And we'll see. It may still be in store. What about aptamers? Tell us a little bit more about those, because they have been getting used a lot in sorting out the important plasma proteins as therapies. What are aptamers and what do you see as the future in that regard?Tom Cech (38:17):Right. Well, in fact, aptamers are a big deal in Boulder because Larry Gold in town was one of the discoverers has a company making aptamers to recognize proteins. Jack Szostak now at University of Chicago has played a big role. And also at your own institution, Jerry Joyce, your president is a big aptamer guy. And you can evolution, normally we think about it as happening out in the environment, but it turns out you can also make it work in the laboratory. You can make it work much faster in the laboratory because you can set up test tube experiments where molecules are being challenged to perform a particular task, like for example, binding to a protein to inactivate it. And if you make a large community of RNA molecules randomly, 99.999% of them aren't going to know how to do this. What are the odds? Very low.(39:30):But just by luck, there will be an occasional molecule of RNA that folds up into a shape that actually fits into the proteins active sighting throws a monkey wrench into the works. Okay, so now that's one in a billion. How are you going to find that guy? Well, this is where the polymerase chain reaction, the same one we use for the COVID-19 tests for infection comes into play. Because if you can now isolate this needle in a haystack and use PCR to amplify it and make a whole handful of it, now you've got a whole handful of molecules which are much better at binding this protein than the starting molecule. And now you can go through this cycle several times to enrich for these, maybe mutagen it a little bit more to give it a little more diversity. We all know diversity is good, so you put a little more diversity into the population and now you find some guy that's really good at recognizing some disease causing protein. So this is the, so-called aptamer story, and they have been used therapeutically with some success, but diagnostically certainly they are extremely useful. And it's another area where we've had success and the future could hold even more success.Eric Topol (41:06):I think what you're bringing up is so important because the ability to screen that tens of thousands of plasma proteins in a person and coming up with as Tony Wyss-Coray did with the organ clocks, and this is using the SomaLogic technology, and so much is going on now to get us not just the polygenic risk scores, but also these proteomic scores to compliment that at our orthogonal, if you will, to understand risk of people for diseases so we can prevent them, which is fulfilling a dream we've never actually achieved so far.Tom Cech (41:44):Eric, just for full disclosure, I'm on the scientific advisory board of SomaLogic in Boulder. I should disclose that.Eric Topol (41:50):Well, that was smart. They needed to have you, so thank you for mentioning that. Now, before I wrap up, well, another area that is a favorite of mine is citizen science. And you mentioned in the book a project because the million shapes of RNA and how it can fold with all hairpin terms turns and double stranded and whatever you name it, that there was this project eteRNA that was using citizen scientists to characterize and understand folding of RNA. Can you tell us about that?RNA Folding and Citizen ScienceTom Cech (42:27):So my friend Rhiju Das, who's a professor at Stanford University, sort of adopted what had been done with protein folding by one of his former mentors, David Baker in Seattle, and had repurposed this for RNA folding. So the idea is to come up with a goal, a target for the community. Can you design an RNA that will fold up to look like a four pointed cross or a five pointed star? And it turned out that, so they made it into a contest and they had tens of thousands of people playing these games and coming up with some remarkable solutions. But then they got a little bit more practical, said, okay, that was fun, but can we have the community design something like a mRNA for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to make maybe a more stable vaccine? And quite remarkably, the community of many of whom are just gamers who really don't know much about what RNA does, were able to find some solutions. They weren't enormous breakthroughs, but they got a several fold, several hundred percent increase in stability of the RNA by making it fold more tightly. So I just find it to be a fascinating approach to science. Somebody of my generation would never think of this, but I think for today's generation, it's great when citizens can become involved in research at that level.Eric Topol (44:19):Oh, I think it's extraordinary. And of course, there are other projects folded and others that have exemplified this ability for people with no background in science to contribute in a meaningful way, and they really enjoy, it's like solving a puzzle. The last point is kind of the beginning, the origin of life, and you make a pretty strong case, Tom, that it was RNA. You don't say it definitively, but maybe you can say it here.RNA and the Origin of LifeTom Cech (44:50):Well, Eric, the origin of life happening almost 4 billion years ago on our primitive planet is sort of a historical question. I mean, if you really want to know what happened then, well, we don't have any video surveillance of those moments. So scientists hate to ever say never, but it's hard to sort of believe how we would ever know for sure. So what Leslie Orgel at the Salk Institute next to you taught me when I was a starting assistant professor is even though we'll never know for sure, if we can recapitulate in the laboratory plausible events that could have happened, and if they make sense chemically and biologically, then that's pretty satisfying, even if we can never be absolutely sure. That's what a number of scientists have done in this field is to show that RNA is sort of a, that all the chemistry sort of points to RNA as being something that could have been made under prebiotic conditions and could have folded up into a way that could solve the greatest of all chicken and egg problems, which came first, the informational molecule to pass down to the next generation or the active molecule that could copy that information.(46:32):So now that we know that RNA has both of those abilities, maybe at the beginning there was just this RNA world RNA copying itself, and then proteins came along later, and then DNA probably much more recently as a useful but a little bit boring of genetic information, right?Eric Topol (46:59):Yeah. Well, that goes back to that cover of the Economist 17 years ago, the Big Bang, and you got me convinced that this is a pretty strong story and candidate. Now what a fun chance to discuss all this with you in an extraordinary book, Tom. Did I miss anything that you want to bring up?Tom Cech (47:21):Eric, I just wanted to say that I not only appreciate our conversation, but I also appreciate all you are doing to bring science to the non-scientist public. I think people like me who have taught a lot of freshmen in chemistry, general chemistry, sort of think that that's the level that we need to aim at. But I think that those kids have had science in high school year after year. We need to aim at the parents of those college freshmen who are intelligent, who are intellectually curious, but have not had science courses in a long time. And so, I'm really joining with you in trying to avoid jargon as much as possible. Use simple language, use analogies and metaphors, and try to share the excitement of what we're doing in the laboratory with the populace.Eric Topol (48:25):Well, you sure did that it was palpable. And I thought about it when I read the book about how lucky it would be to be a freshman at the University of Boulder and be having you as the professor. My goodness. Well, thank you so much. This has been so much fun, Tom, and I hope everybody's going to get out there and read the Catalyst to get all the things that we didn't even get a chance to dive into. But this has been great and look forward to future interactions with you.Tom Cech (48:53):Take care, Eric.*********************Thanks for listening or reading this edition of Ground Truths.Please share this podcast with your friends and network. That tells me you found it informative and makes the effort in doing these worthwhile.All Ground Truths newsletters and podcast are free. Voluntary paid subscriptions all go to support Scripps Research. Many thanks for that—they greatly helped fund our summer internship programs for 2023 and 2024.Thanks to my producer Jessica Nguyen and Sinjun Balabanoff for audio and video support at Scripps Research.Note: you can select preferences to receive emails about newsletters, podcasts, or all I don't want to bother you with an email for content that you're not interested in. Get full access to Ground Truths at erictopol.substack.com/subscribe

https://youtube.com/live/YyKsnl_D6Ps?feature=share The Police are set to release a 6CD super deluxe edition of their acclaimed 1983 album, Synchronicity. This extensive reissue includes a wealth of previously unheard alternate takes, outtakes, and demos. As their fifth and final studio album, Synchronicity features hit singles such as "Every Breath You Take," "Wrapped Around Your Finger," "King of Pain," and "Synchronicity II." The album has sold 15 million copies globally, with 8.5 million in the USA alone. This reissue project, which took three years to complete, was created with the band's involvement and endorsement. It includes a 60-page hardcover book with comprehensive new sleeve notes by music journalist Jason Draper, detailing the album's creation and history. The box set contains: CD1: The original album, including "Murder By Numbers," remastered from the original tapes. CD2: 18 tracks featuring all original 7" / 12" B-sides plus 11 exclusive non-album bonus tracks, available on CD for the first time. CD3 and CD4: Previously unreleased alternate takes of all the Synchronicity songs. CD4 also includes unreleased Police tracks, such as an early version of Andy Summers' "Goodbye Tomorrow" (later renamed "Someone To Talk To"), a demo of Stewart Copeland's "I'm Blind" (later "Brothers on Wheels" for the Rumble Fish soundtrack), a first take of "Truth Hits Everybody," and rare covers of Eddie Cochran's "Three Steps To Heaven" and Chuck Berry's "Rock and Roll Music." CD5 and CD6: 19 previously unreleased live recordings from the September 10, 1983, concert at the Oakland-Alameda Coliseum, USA. The 6CD box also includes four art prints. Additional formats include a 2CD set (repeating the first two discs of the super deluxe edition), a 4LP vinyl edition (42 tracks), and a vinyl picture disc with a revised track order. #thepolice #Synchronicity #sting #stewartcopeland #andysummers #johnnybeaneTV

Randy kicks off the show reminding us of the reason we "celebrate" Memorial Day.  And, his first wedding anniversary without his "Dreamegirl" (the late Tana Rae Corporon) falls on Monday as well.  Plus, Trump surging with black voters (as we showed last week) and Hispanic voters (as we demonstrate this week).  "Historic!" (according to CNN!!).  CD4 candidate Greg Lopez is running to fill the space vacated by Ken Buck (greglopez.co).  He joins the show.  And a Viet Nam combat veteran living with 6 bullet holes in him, Mike, calls in full of emotion for his fallen friends, frustration with the ignorance of so many Americans on this holiday weekend, and rage at Democrat "leadership."  He says hang 'em!  Who can blame him for feeling that way?See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Listen in to Jake Merrick's discussion with Andrew Hayes, who is challenging Congressman Tom Cole for CD4. Hayes talks about why he's running, his concerns with Cole, and what makes him stand out in this very important race in Oklahoma.   Check out his Facebook page at https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=61557936937042 _____________________________________________   Want to hear more? Tune into Freedom 96.9, broadcasting The Jake Merrick Show every weekday morning from 7-8AM CST to the greater Oklahoma City Metro Area.   You can also listen to his past radio shows by vising https://www.freedom969.com/onair/jake-merrick/ _____________________________________________   Sponsors of the Podcast: Belter Roofing and Construction https://belterroofingok.com/   NeAnne Clinton - KW Realty in Enid

Rumble has been shut off in Russia. What are Youtube, Facebook, and Twitter doing for Russia to keep from meeting the same fate as Rumble? It continues to be common among the elites to control the flow of information. Now, it's Putin's turn, although it;s not his first time doing this. But there's also this about Youtube: a Canadian court has greenlit a decision to allow a class action lawsuit against Youtube. They are being sued for their reporting on the Covid flu and the hiding of information. In fact, people like Chris Como are speaking out about the lies about Covid. You know, the very lies they helped spread. At the same time, we are learning the CDC tried to cover up the death of two teens, leading Professor Angus Dalgleish to speak out. What does God's Word say? Psalm 37:12-1412 The wicked plot against the righteous    and gnash their teeth at them;13 but the Lord laughs at the wicked,    for he knows their day is coming.14 The wicked draw the sword    and bend the bowto bring down the poor and needy,    to slay those whose ways are upright.Episode 1,592 Links:Rumble Is Blocked in Russia After Refusing Censorship Requests, CEO Says; Rumble vs. Russia: The video platform is blocked for refusing censorship, raising questions about other tech giants' compliance.Canadian Court Greenlights Class Action Lawsuit Against YouTube's Covid Censorship; In a landmark decision, a Canadian court allows a class action lawsuit to proceed, challenging YouTube's censorship of pandemic-related content.CDC Scrambled to Cover Up Sudden Deaths of 2 Teens Shortly after Covid Shots, Emails ShowFormer CNN anchor Chris Cuomo admits he now takes Ivermectin *everyday* to treat his Covid vaccine injuryAndrew Bridgen, MP: “Ask Penny Mordaunt about the recent admission of AstraZeneca that its vaccine causes blood clots. Ask her about their withdrawal of said vaccine worldwide. Get called a “conspiracy theorist” to a chorus of ‘hear hears.' Just another day in the UK Parliament.The Government Is Now Admitting That The Increase In Heart Disease And Excess Deaths Are Due To COVID Vaccines. Doctor Thomas Levy: "Vaccines are causing heart injury in at least 2.8% of people who received the Covid injections"Professor Dagleish, "co discoverer of the CD4 receptor", says "WE MUST STOP NOW", due to overwhelming concerns related to mRNA technology. London Professor of Oncology, and principal of the Institute for Cancer Vaccines and Immunotherapy, Professor Angus Dalgleish talks with Senator Ron Johnson. He begins with Fauci. OBGYN Doctor Calls on Attorneys to Sue Institutions That Forced COVID Shots on Babies & Pregnant WomenPfizer to Sell Drugs Online to Consumers, Bypassing Doctors and Pharmacies; Pfizer is developing a direct-to-consumer platform to sell some of its drugs online, including Paxlovid, which costs $1,400 for a five-day dose, and a migraine nasal spray.Green Masks, Red Faces; California teens win $1 million after misjudged "blackface" accusation goes viral.Meet Metro North Karen. What would you do4Patriots https://4Patriots.com/Todd Stay connected when the power goes out and get free shipping on orders over $97.    Bioptimizers https://bioptimizers.com/todd Use promo code TODD for 10% off your order. Sharpen your edge and reach your potential with Mushroom Breakthrough by Bioptimizers.     Bonefrog   https://bonefrogcoffee.com/todd Use code TODD at checkout to receive 10% off your first purchase and 15% on subscriptions. Bulwark Capital  Bulwark Capital Management (bulwarkcapitalmgmt.com) Call 866-779-RISK or visit online to get their FREE Common Cents Investing Guide. EdenPURE https://edenpuredeals.com Use code TODD3 to save $200 on the Thunderstorm Air Purifier 3-pack. GreenHaven Interactive Digital Marketing https://greenhaveninteractive.com Your Worldclass Website Will Get Found on Google!  Native Path Krill https://nativepathkrill.com/todd For a limited time get Native Path Antarctic Krill Oil for as little as $23 per bottle.   Renue Healthcare https://renuewellcation.com Register today for your Wellcation with Todd Herm

 | Artist  | Title  | Album Name  | Album Copyright  | Sleepy John Estes  | Your Best Friend's Gone  | American Folk Blues Festival 1962-1965  CD4  | Lightnin' Hopkins  | Tom Moore's Farm  | Playing for the Man at the Door Disc 2  | Half Deaf Clatch  | 1927 Flood  | The Life and Death of A.J Rail  | Rory Block  | Let Us Get Together Right Down Here  | I Belong To The Band  | Pete Rea  | 10 The Zero Hour  | Zero Hour  |   | Hans Theessink and Big Daddy Wilson  | Hard Time Killing Floor  | Pay Day  |   |   | Bessie Jones & with the Georgia Sea Island Singers  | Prayer  | Get In Union  | Alan Lomax Archives/Association For Cultural Equity  | Charles -Cow Cow- Davenport  | Stealin' Blues  | Complete Recorded Works, Vol. 1  | Joakim Tinderholt and His Band  | 09 - How I Got To Memphis  | Deadlines  |   | Big Bill Broonzy  | Mistreatin' Mamma (18384)  | Complete Recorded Works in Chronological Order Vol. 1  | Arthur Montana Taylor  | Five O' Clocks (NYC 28/6/47)  | Montana Taylor  |   | Raphael Callaghan  | Living Blues  | Said And Done  |   | Lightnin' Hopkins & Joel Hopkins  | Shotgun Blues  | The Very Best Of Lightnin' Hopkins  | Pink Anderson  | South Forest Boogie  | Medicine Show Man  | Andres Roots  | The Sheik Of Hawaii, Pt. 1  | Drum Break  |   | Jake Leg Jug Band  | Easy Riding Mama  | Live At The Audley Theatre [

On today's show, Joachim Hagopian discusses breaking news on paedophiles creating nude AI images of children for extortion. GUEST 1 OVERVIEW: Angus Dalgleish is Professor of Oncology at St George's, University of London. He is best known for his contributions to HIV/AIDS research; In particular he identified CD4 as a major receptor for HIV in humans, produced the first report of a link between Slim Disease in Africa and HIV infection. GUEST 2 OVERVIEW: Joachim Hagopian is a West Point graduate, former Army officer and author of “Don't Let the Bastards Getcha Down”. After the military, Joachim earned a master's degree in Clinical Psychology and worked as a licensed therapist. As an independent journalist for over eight years, Joachim has written hundreds of articles for many news sites, like Global Research, lewrockwell.com and The Government Rag.

Rundown -    Kyle Clark - 20:40   Troubadour Dave Gunders - 01:27:50   "Don't Give Me No Vape" by Dave Gunders - 01:43:03   9News Anchor Kyle Clark returns for the first time since Episode 100. We discuss his recent windy interview with US Secretary of Transportation Pete Buttigieg and his tough helicopter story that made Governor Polis squirm. An objective reporter, Clark's long been the news leader at Colorado's News Leader.   A native of a small town in Western New York, Kyle Clark worked AM radio at age 15 and loved his responsibilities filling in the open spots as play-by-play man John Sterling put his flourish to announcing on the New York Yankee Network. We learn though that his favorite sport is the NFL and the Buffalo Bills of his youth.   For the first time on air, Kyle Clark reveals his youthful obsession with Buffalo Bills legend Orenthal James Simpson, who played under head coach Lou Saban (legendary Juice and Electric Company). Did Kyle follow the trial? Did he ever? Listen as Kyle Clark describes his sports passions. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p6TacThTV9c   The differences between CA v Simpson and NY v Trump are analyzed. There are different forms of media coverage. What worked for 9News during OJ would not work today. We discuss Kyle Clark's experience covering a big northern Colorado murder case from start to finish. The American criminal justice system is the greatest show on earth.   Nothing about the Trump hush money election interference trial has obvious ties to Colorado, but Trump's other Big Lie litigations sure do. Kyle Clark has studied and presented facts and figures showing how big parts of Trump's Big Lie and Insurrection flowed out of Colorado.   Mass shootings have happened all too often in the great state of Colorado beginning 25 years ago at Columbine. Kyle Clark tells us he was a high school sophomore like Danny Mauser when he was executed. Now, Danny's dad and other parents of murdered children are being attacked on social media by pols.   Kyle Clark pushes back against those lowlifes who would disparage legislators Tom Sullivan and Rhonda Fields. It used to be we all felt fury when Alex Jones made lies for profit in the wake of Sandy Hook. Now, MTG and groups like RMGO belittle parents of murdered children. https://www.9news.com/video/news/local/next/next-with-kyle-clark/commentary-theres-a-sickening-rise-in-indecency-toward-families-of-mass-shooting-victims-and-survivors/73-fbf74ee8-3ac4-4d49-aa31-1c410ac7e2b4   Colorado's CD4 gets discussed and the prospects of Lauren Boebert making her successful move east in Colorado. Regret was expressed that no invitation went out for a 9News debate between Boebert and Frisch in 2022. How's that for introspection? Memorable encounters with Boebert placeholder, Greg Lopez, get reviewed, as do the chances of Dem Trisha Calvarese.   Kyle Clark gives his take on Denver pro sports ownership. Carpetbagging worries abound around the leaderless Broncos. The Monforts may never sell the Rockies; content to make money through visits by fans of opposition teams. As for the Nuggets and Avs, passionately decried is our inability to watch them on our regular TV simply.   We discuss Kyle's amazing Word of Thanks, which has raised over 12 million dollars. It's easy and makes you feel good when you become a recurrent weekly giver. People trust Kyle Clark's judgment and hundreds of non-profits have benefited. https://www.9news.com/thanks   We are thankful for a great conversation with Troubadour Dave Gunders about the Nuggets-Lakers series, how NY vs. Trump may shake out, the impact of a Judge who runs a tight courtroom and it's all happening on Passover. This year's Seder may have different prayers based on NY, Israel and world events. Gunders gives us his 4/20 song, "Don't Give Me No Vape." https://soundcloud.com/dave-gunders/dont-give-me-no-vape

 | Artist  | Title  | Album Name  | Album Copyright  |   | Lightnin' Hopkins  | The Trouble Blues  | Ligntnin' Hopkins In New York  | Candid  |   |   | Sonny Boy Williamson  | I'm Trying To Make London My Home  | American Folk Blues Festival 1962-1965  CD4  | Ida Cox  | Death Letter Blues  | Ida Cox Vol. 2 1924-1925  |   | Joe Bonamassa  | High Water Everywhere  | Acoustic Evening at the Vienna Opera House  | Tampa Red  | Stormy Sea Blues  | Tampa Red Vol. 7 1935-1936  |   | John James  | One Long Happy Night  | Cafe Vienna  |   |   | Furry Lewis  | Old Dog Blue  | Furry Lewis, Bukka White & Friends Party! at Home - 1968  | Merle Travis  | Cannonball-Rag  | Merle-Travis: Ash Grove 12-9-66  | Josh White  | Ball and Chain Blues  | The Elektra Years  |   |   | Scott Low  | Roll On  | Appalachian Blues  |   |   | Charles -Cow Cow- Davenport  | State Street Jive [Take A]  | Complete Recorded Works, Vol. 1  | Raphael Callaghan  | Can't Afford To Live  | Said And Done  |   |   | Scott Low  | Winter Spring  | Appalachian Blues  |   |   | Rev Gary Davis  | Improvisation Slow Blues In E  | The Sun Of Our Life - Solos Songs and Sermons 1955-57  | R.L. Burnside  | Shake 'em On Down  |   |   |   | Jo Ann Kelly  | I Looked Down the Line (And I Wondered)  | Blues And Gospel: Rare and Unreleased Recordings

Rundown -    Dagny Van Der Jagt in Craig's Lawyers' Lounge - 25:03   Troubadour Dave Gunders - 01:47:17   "Train Keeps Coming" by Dave Gunders - 02:03:41   Orenthal James Simpson has passed away and the show's introduction discusses some of the many poignant OJ memories that occur to the host. OJ was a mighty USC and NFL running back, like a fast train, but he was an evil man. This week's song from Troubadour Dave Gunders is "Train Keeps Coming." https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q6_03dUueF0   Justice keeps coming for Donald Trump. The NY v Trump felony criminal trial is upcoming on April 15 in New York City and pressure is building worldwide. Dave Gunders and the host discuss OJ's death and the modern lessons applicable to Trump's litigation. The ban on abortions in Arizona is reviewed and the political consequences are considered.   The show begins by condemning Trump's recent comments that Jewish voters need to "get their heads examined" if they vote for Biden. This is divisive and should be condemned. Given the former president's erratic and divisive recent comments, champions of Trump's return to the presidency should reconsider.   Dagny Van Der Jagt will vote for Donald Trump as a proud Republican. She's a mother of four, a native of Europe and an accomplished attorney with her private practice with her husband Grant Van Der Jagt. Learn about their private practice business in Larkspur. https://vdjlaw.com/   Now, Dagny Van Der Jagt is a candidate for the 23rd Judicial District District Attorney position. The host delves into Van Der Jagt's background, qualifications and platform, particularly focusing on her stance on criminal justice reform. Her other campaign promises and policy proposals, including victim advocacy and community engagement are also discussed. https://www.votefordagny.com/   GOP candidate Dagny Van Der Jagt raises substantial concerns about her Republican primary opponent George Brauchler's integrity and qualifications. Van Der Jagt claims Brauchler, the former 18th Judicial DA, cannot be trusted. She cites political flip-flops, especially on Colorado's Red Flag Law. She claims that Brauchler prioritizes personal publicity over justice and saving dollars for his constituents.   She also raises how Brauchler has historically blurred lines as an attorney, GOP party official, DA, military officer, non-profit fellow, professor, ad man, radio talk host, candidate for innumerable Colorado political jobs and Gazette columnist. Van der Jagt is concerned that Brauchler's military position could create conflicts if there were questionable orders from Governor Polis or President Biden.   Douglas County DA candidate Dagny Van Der Jagt accuses Brauchler of grandstanding, overspending and trying to please everyone while pleasing almost no one. Van Der Jagt claims she has solid Republican Party support, given Brauchler's decision to petition rather than go through the party assembly. https://tracer.sos.colorado.gov/PublicSite/SearchPages/CandidateDetail.aspx?Type=CA&SeqID=59971   A video shows Brauchler being booed and made to leave without finishing his speech, at the controversial Douglas County GOP Executive Committee meeting headed by Douglas County GOP Chairman Steve Peck. Witness for yourself. Watch and listen to how Chairman Peck adds up the vote! https://fb.watch/rpIAvs4Fd3/   The Douglas County GOP may issue a statement similar to the Colorado GOP's rebuke of Deborah Flora for not going through the county assembly. Van Der Jagt believes her commitment to going through the Republican Party assembly makes her the better choice for 23rd Judicial District DA. She wants full GOP support. Just like Boebert received from Colorado GOP in CD4.

Guest, Mark Hampton VIDEOS: 1. NPR 2. Eclipse PROMO: Colorado's CD4 race is revealing the RINOs, Parker Conservatives' Mark Hampton has it all. Plus Rep. Lauren Boebert joins 18 other Republicans to kill an FBI surveillance without warrants bill.

Rundown -   Trisha Calvarese - 15:43   Troubadour Dave Gunders - 01:13:30   "Sugar Don't Call" by Dave Gunders - 01:32:49   Meet Trish Calvarese, the dynamic Democratic candidate who intends to defeat Greg Lopez on June 25, 2024, in a Special Election caused by Representative Ken Buck's resignation. Learn how Calvarese gained the nomination, spurred to run by the wish of her dying father, a lifelong Republican.    Colorado CD3 Rep. Lauren Boebert wants to switch to a more MAGA-friendly area and she's targeting CD4. In the meantime, Boebert needs to find a MAGA-approved GOP placeholder and that Republican nominee will be former Parker, Colorado Mayor Greg Lopez. On June 25, 2024, expect the nation to be riveted to the open seat contest between Calvarese and Lopez.   Trish Calvarese is a Colorado native who grew up in various cities within Colorado's vast CD4. Her beloved late Dad, Joe Calvarese, was the City Prosecutor for Sterling and went on to serve in the US Civil Service as an SEC Compliance attorney. Trisha went to Highlands Ranch High School, where she was an academic standout and earned a scholarship to Johns Hopkins University.   After college and during 2008-09, this millennial decided she wanted to work in the US Senate. She found herself a communications gig in the Capitol with Senator Bernie Sanders. Look forward to hearing her Bernie impression. Or is it an imitation of Larry David doing Bernie? Either way, Trisha Calvarese is entertaining. https://www.trisha4colorado.com/   Trish Calvarese went on to work for the AFL-CIO in Washington, D.C., including as a speechwriter for the late great Richard Trumka. Fate brought her back to Colorado after her parents passed away and she and her husband took on new responsibilities regarding this country we love.   Lauren Boebert keeps getting overserved at Beetlejuice shows in Denver and Trump dinners in NYC and Mar-A-Lago. Trisha Calvarese can get the votes of regular Republicans and Unaffiliated voters with her common sense policies and lack of a criminal record.    Greg Lopez is a known commodity. Clips are played from @9News (Kyle Clark), Channel 7 and KNUS when Lopez stood in the way of Colorado's Red Flag Law. Lauren Boebert and her placeholder Greg Lopez do the bidding of the gun industry and MAGA. Lopez/Boebert extremism extends to restricting all abortions, including in cases of rape and incest. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q1nbrwBLYMM   Size up the intelligence of Calvarese who discusses the multitude of challenges posed by artificial intelligence. She's worried about democracy if MAGA prevails, and she's determined to defeat Lopez/Boebert. Colorado voters generally disfavor carpetbaggers and grifters.   Calvarese strongly supports IVF procedures. As a millennial married woman, she may need those reproductive rights options now threatened by MAGA judges and lawmakers. As for Russia v. Ukraine, Calvarese is resolute in supporting Ukraine, in sharp contrast to what Putin/Trump/Boebert and MAGA-GOQP want. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XoI_LFqsNqw   Trisha Calvarese wants America to outcompete China. She's got big ideas for Colorado's fourth CD. Show Troubadour Dave Gunders proves once again why he's a musical genius and a great conversationalist. His opening lines of "Sugar Don't Call" work for the coming Eclipse, the NYC/NJ earthquake and the 400 calls in one day Lauren Boebert claims to make to an unquestioning Dan Caplis.   One-half of the old Caplis and Silverman show, Dan Caplis, is now taking credit for the Caplis Plan to ensure the MAGA-approved Lauren Boebert prevails in a GOP primary while a placeholder (Greg Lopez) keeps the reliably Republican seat warm. Caplis keeps Boebert warm in another gushing interview and we have sound highlights.   John Charles Eastman is a soon-to-be-disbarred lawyer with Colorado ties through CU, Colorado Republican Party State Committeeman and attorney/radio host, Randy Corporon. There was a Big Lie spat involving Eastman, Corporon and Denver radio host, Peter Boyles.   Boyles now blames Eastman and Corporon for Big Lie and big threats. Corporon and Eastman dismiss all charges. We've got the sound and smart analysis. Hat tip to Allison Gill and Pete Strzok from Cleanup on Aisle 45. https://statesuniteddemocracy.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Eastman-Decision.pdf

The Chuck & Julie Show with Chuck Bonniwell and Julie Hayden With Guest, Greg Lopez RINO Ken Buck's dirty swamp deal to hand his CD4 seat over to a fellow RINO is defeated. Greg Lopez, who will not be running in the general primary was selected to the DOP nominee for the special election. That keeps the playing field level despite Buck's attempt to hurt Rep, Lauren Boebert.

RINO Buck's scheme to hand CD4 seat to another RINO is foiled as grassroots candidate Greg Lopez elected for special session candidate.  Lopez joins the show.

GUEST OVERVIEW: Angus Dalgleish is Professor of Oncology at St George's, University of London. He is best known for his contributions to HIV/AIDS research; In particular he identified CD4 as a major receptive for HIV in humans, produced the first report of a link between Slim Disease in Africa and HIV infection. The Professor will tell Lembit about his research that uncovered the contamination of COVID vaccines with cancer-causing SV40 promoter.

The Chuck & Julie Show with Chuck Bonniwell and Julie Hayden With Guest, Janak Joshi Ken Buck's final F*** You to Colorado voters as his departure creates confusion an consternation in CD4. Plus CD8 grassroots candidate Janak Joshi on fake news RINO attacks

Ken Buck's abrupt resignation creates confusion and consternation as CD4 insiders meet this week to select the special election candidate.  Plus CD8 candidate Janak Joshi.

It's Friday and we're talking about the biggest stories of the week. First, Rep. Ken Buck announced this week that he's leaving Congress even earlier than expected, throwing another wrench in an already chaotic race to represent Colorado's Congressional District 4. So host Bree Davies, producer Paul Karolyi, and politics and green chile correspondent Justine Sandoval are talking through the implications of what CD4 candidate (and Buck's fellow representative) Lauren Boebert called a “swampy backroom deal.” Plus, four Denver-area grocery stores ranked among the worst in the country, and our wins and fails of the week.  Paul mentioned the city's new plan for the Cherry Creek Trail and construction on Peña Boulevard. Justine talked about Frozen Dead Guy Days and the latest push for funeral home regulation (Here's a link to our recent, eye-opening ep on the topic). Bree talked about the micro-community in Overland.  What do you think about Boebert's chances in CD4? We want to hear from you! Text or leave us a voicemail with your name and neighborhood, and you might hear it on the show: 720-500-5418‬ For even more news from around the city, subscribe to our morning newsletter Hey Denver at denver.citycast.fm. Follow us on Instagram: @citycastdenver Chat with other listeners on reddit: r/CityCastDenver Support City Cast Denver by becoming a member: membership.citycast.fm/Denver Learn more about the sponsors of this episode: Get your Annual Portal Pass to Meow Wolf today! Looking to advertise on City Cast Denver? Check out our options for podcast and newsletter ads at citycast.fm/advertise Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Rep. Ken Buck's abrupt resignation is the result of a back room swamp deal aimed at sabotaging Trump endorsed Rep. Boebert's CD4 run.   Plus Lord Conrad Black on the state of the world today.

On today's show, Jeffrey Peel discusses the Ukraine situation - Escalation of war with Russia and in the Middle East. Is it a cover-up for a coming global financial crash and the US debt mountain? GUEST 1 OVERVIEW: Angus Dalgleish is Professor of Oncology at St George's, University of London. He is best known for his contributions to HIV/AIDS research. In particular, he identified CD4 as a major receptor for HIV in humans and produced the first report of a link between Slim Disease in Africa and HIV infection. GUEST 2 OVERVIEW: Jeffrey Peel is a Tech Marketer and also the writer/editor of The New Era, which covers articles on free-thinking and democracy.  

  Randy is back for a (seemingly!) unprecedented 3rd week in a row!  Plenty of radio heat on this arctic cold night in Aurora and the metro area including one of the (11?) primary contestants in CD4 ("retiring" Ken Buck's seat), Richard Holtorf. He certainly pulls no punches!  Old radio friends call in, like Jack in Evergreen who, like Randy, is now a widower and lost the love of his life.  It all fits into Randy's effort to find New Beginnings in 2024.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Recent research highlights that probiotics can make a significant impact on a wide range of conditions like immunity, stress, allergies, and even lactose intolerance.  Tune in to hear the latest updates and stay in step with the science.   Read & Watch Next What is Leaky Gut? https://drruscio.com/what-is-leaky-gut/  How to Use Probiotics for Bloating & Constipation Relief: https://drruscio.com/probiotics-for-bloating/   How Long Does it Take for Probiotics to Work? https://drruscio.com/how-long-does-it-take-for-probiotics-to-work/  7 Surprising Things That are Stressing Your Nervous System: https://drruscio.com/things-stressing-your-nervous-system/  The Latest Research Update Episodes: https://drruscio.com/research-updates/   Why You Have Food Intolerances & How to Improve Them: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y-LNHKlk5Oc&t=14s    Timestamps 00:00 Intro  00:56 Benefits for white blood cells 04:11 Benefits for diarrhea & sickness duration 08:13 Benefits for the stress response  13:21 Benefits for food allergies  19:22 Research update wrap-up   Featured Studies  Effect of synbiotic supplementation on immune parameters and gut microbiota in healthy adults: a double-blind randomized controlled trial: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37614109/ Adjunctive efficacy of Lactis XLTG11 for Acute diarrhea in children: A randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled study: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37172455/ The effect of oral probiotics on CD4 count in patients with HIV infection undergoing treatment with ART who have had an immunological failure: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37382253/ Effects of Heat-Killed Lacticaseibacillus paracasei MCC1849 on the Maintenance of Physical Condition in Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Study: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37571384/ Potential probiotics for regulation of the gut-lung axis to prevent or alleviate influenza in vulnerable populations: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36970463/ Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum Reduces Perceived Psychological Stress in Healthy Adults: An Exploratory Clinical Trial: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37513541/ Intake of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HEAL9 Improves Cognition in Moderately Stressed Subjects: A Randomized Controlled Study: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37571403/ Exaggerated amygdala response to threat and association with immune hyperactivity in depression: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35636614/ Probiotics fortify intestinal barrier function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37168869/ The role of probiotic supplementation in inflammatory biomarkers in adults: an umbrella meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37698776/ Probiotic Bifidobacterium longum NCC3001 Reduces Depression Scores and Alters Brain Activity: A Pilot Study in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28483500/ Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HA-114 improves eating behaviors and mood-related factors in adults with overweight during weight loss: a randomized controlled trial: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35714163/ The Effectiveness of Probiotics in Treating Food and Cow's Milk Allergies among Pediatric Age Group: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37496406/ Effects of probiotics administration on lactose intolerance in adulthood: A meta-analysis: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37225575/   Get the Latest Updates Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/DrRusciodc Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/drrusciodc/ Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/drmichaelrusciodc  DISCLAIMER: The information on this site is not intended or implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified healthcare provider before starting any new treatment or discontinuing an existing treatment. Music featured in this video: "Modern Technology" by Andrew G, https://audiojungle.net/user/andrew_g  *Full transcript available on YouTube by clicking the “Show transcript” button on the bottom right of the video.

Today, you'll learn about the hunt for the elusive sixth taste, a new discovery showing how HIV keeps fighting the immune system even with effective treatment, and the altruism of bees. Sixth Taste “And then there were 6 - kinds of taste, that is.” by Darrin S. Joy. 2023. “How does our sense of taste work?” NIH. 2020. “Researchers Say Ammonium Is the Sixth Basic Taste: Here's What to Know.” by Julia Ries. 2023. HIV Immunity Battle “‘Dormant' HIV has ongoing skirmishes with the body's immune system.” by John Carey. 2023. “10 Things to Know About HIV Suppression.” NIH. 2020. “Spontaneous HIV expression during suppressive ART is associated with the magnitude of function of HIV-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells.” by Mathieu Dube, et al. 2023. Altruistic Bees “Honey bees may inherit altruistic behavior from their mothers.” by Katie Bohn. 2023. “Beyond conflict: Kinship theory of intragenomic conflict predicts individual variation in altruistic behaviour.” by Sean T. Bresnahan, et al. 2023. Follow Curiosity Daily on your favorite podcast app to get smarter with Calli and Nate — for free! Still curious? Get exclusive science shows, nature documentaries, and more real-life entertainment on discovery+! Go to https://discoveryplus.com/curiosity to start your 7-day free trial. discovery+ is currently only available for US subscribers. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Randy dives into the latest Lauren Boebert controversy with her announcement that she will no longer be running in her home district, CD3, but instead will join the crowded primary field to fill the seat being vacated by Ken Buck in CD4.  One of her opponents, lifetime movement Conservative and former state senator, Ted Harvey, may have something to say about that.  He joins the show.  Plus, he joins Randy in predicting that Donald Trump will be the Republican nominee and Creepy, Sleepy Joe Biden will not be the Democrat nominee.  Who will?See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The Chuck & Julie Show with Chuck Bonniwell and Julie Hayden With Guest, Ashe Epp Rep. Lauren Boebert abandons her constituents in CD3 and announces she will run in CD4 because she has a better chance of winning. But maybe not as CD4 voter Ashe in America calls out the carpetbagger move. Plus Maine's SoS takes Trump off the ballot in a shocking move of election interference.

Is Lauren Boebert a strong choice for Colorado's CD4 or a Carpetbagger?  Jimmy Sengenberger fills in for Jimmy.  He and callers discuss this unexpected move by Boebert.  Is it a moved based on strengthening the GOP in Colorado and Nationally or is it a personal power grab?  See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This week on the Get More Smarter Podcast, Republicans from Colorado to Washington DC to North Carolina, to South Carolina, to California, and probably everywhere else too, in between are a big, big mess. We ask the question on everybody's mind, how the hell does anyone still vote for them? The rats are fleeing the ship of our 8th favorite member of congress from Colorado, will it be enough to help Barbora Hurd's Husband return the third congressional district to the red team?Just because you deny the results of an election doesn't mean it didn't happen (we're talking to you, entire Colorado Republican Party); while we were out, the Colorado Legislature had a special session on property taxes and boy are our brains tired; and we announce the series finale of our segment on our 7th favorite member of Congress from Colorado -- What the Buck -- as CNNKenSNBC makes way for the CD4 primary clown car to really get rolling down to Yuma.

Brazil's Proactive Measures Against HIVBrazil has been at the forefront of combating HIV, implementing proactive measures that have made a significant difference. The country began providing no-cost access to CD4 and viral load testing and antiretroviral drugs as early as 1996. This early intervention and consistent approach led to a remarkable outcome: the number of HIV cases in Brazil was significantly lower than initially predicted. An article from the New England Journal of Medicine stated that initial estimates predicted Brazil would have 1.2 million people infected with HIV by the year 2000, but with the strategies the country put in place, their actual numbers were about half of what was predicted. By offering free access to treatments and diagnostic tests, Brazil showcased the importance of early and sustained intervention in managing and reducing the spread of HIV. The Rising Challenge of HIV Drug ResistanceOne of the most pressing challenges in the fight against HIV is the development of drug resistance. Dr. Ricardo Diaz emphasizes that as the HIV virus replicates, it can produce strains resistant to treatment. This resistance threatens the efficacy of antiretroviral drugs, making it crucial to monitor and manage. The World Health Organization reports an increasing rate of HIV drug resistance, underscoring the need for continuous research, monitoring, and adaptation of treatment strategies. Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Drugs Exist, but are not 100% EffectivePrEP, or pre-exposure prophylaxis, is also an antiretroviral drug given to uninfected individuals who are at risk of infection to reduce their chances of acquiring HIV. PrEP is highly effective at preventing HIV when taken as indicated, but much less effective when it isn't taken consistently. Additionally, it's possible to be exposed to HIV strains that are drug resistant while on PrEP, so monitoring resistance in people on PrEP is another important step in prevention. The Gap in HIV Drug Resistance TestingDespite the advancements in treatment, there's a noticeable disparity in HIV drug resistance testing, especially in Brazil. Dr. Diaz highlights that while a centralized lab in Brazil performs genotype testing, the number of tests conducted falls short of the actual need. With 10% of patients on treatment showing a viral load above the desired limit, the demand for resistance testing is evident. Bridging this gap and increasing surveillance efforts is essential to tailor treatments effectively and combat the spread of drug-resistant HIV strains.

Rundown -   Bob Marshall - 32:07   Troubadour Dave Gunders - 01:44:45   "Let It Go Mama" by Dave Gunders - 01:52:46   Marine Lt. Col. (Retired) Bob Marshall returns to Craig's Lawyers' Lounge for fourth time to discuss Colorado's Special Session and to respond to this outrageous Twitter post by 710 KNUS radio host and wannabe Douglas County DA, George Brauchler. https://twitter.com/GeorgeBrauchler/status/1724387256541020395   Ex-DA Brauchler fails to disclose he was involved as DA when Marshall falsely charged and sucker punching Steve Peck treated leniently. Bob fought his charges and won. Whole story was told in the host's column long ago. So why is Brauchler doing this now? https://coloradosun.com/2022/11/21/bob-marshall-douglas-county-opinion-silverman/   We analyze the motivations and ambitions of this show's former guest on Episode 63. We learn that Steve Peck, the man who sucker punched Bob Marshall and had to pay 25K, is now the Ultra MAGA Chair of the DougCo GOP. That's a clue! We play sound of Brauchler through the years including humor at the expense of gays.   It is bigotry that's bothersome and Brauchler's failure to call out Trump for his “vermin” speech on Veterans Day is called out here. So is this Denver radio morning host's failure to condemn the anti-semitism of Elon Musk, all for fear of alienating his electorate within the DougCo GOP and its leadership.   Capitulation amongst party elites and military men is how societies drift towards fascism. As Bob Marshall and host discuss, Trump is no longer disguising his desire for retribution. Failure of GOP attorneys and politicians to stand up for the Rule of Law against this MAGA onslaught is reviewed and condemned.   True facts of Peck assault on Marshall are here below on Episode 98 but Steve Peck won't expose himself to any such questioning. Brauchler presented a little piece of the story to denigrate Douglas County's only elected Democrat and to distort facts. That's MAGA. Dems are considered fair targets of violence. That's way wrong. https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-craig-silverman-show/id1522579679?i=1000565218367   Qualities desirable in Douglas County's first elected District Attorney discussed. Marshall is an Ivy League educated lawyer who represented the government well in complicated tax matters after serving the U.S. Marines in many war zones. Could Brauchler v Marshall DA's race be brewing?   Bob Marshall shows off his legal acumen and legislative skills. He brings us up to speed on ways he's held DCSD and even his own Democratic Party accountable under the law. Size up whether Bob should run for re-election to State House or run for US Congress in CD4. Marshall's been approached about all those jobs, but it is DA's race that is most intriguing.   Bob Marshall explains what went wrong with prop HH and what to expect from the Special Session. He reviews all the bad things DougCo GOP has done in the community, including at Pride events. Close connections of Brauchler to Joe Oltmann reviewed.   Entire Brauchler softball interview of Steve Peck played and preserved at end of show. Listen as Brauchler rolls over as Peck extols virtues of Moms for Liberty, Jim Jordan, Trump and January 6 participants. Hear Peck say Ukraine war illegitimate(?) with no pushback from Brauchler.   Rep. Bob Marshall knows and loves Douglas County. Quick on his feet, Marshall struck back at Peck fast after being sucker punched. In the end, the truth prevailed. Let's hear Brauchler put on Peck but of course, he won't and this show calls out that kind of MAGA disinformation and propaganda.   Capitulation of Brauchler to MAGA and DougCo Republicans documented. Discussed is his constant harangue on Colorado's Jewish elected officials to publish a denunciation of Hamas. As if Jews had to make such a declaration! Apparently so for Brauchler who willingly collaborates with MAGA-GOQP fascists.   Show Troubadour Dave Gunders urges calm with his song, Let it Go Mama, from his Connected album. Some things should be let go like the host's termination from KNUS four years ago so this podcast lets it all out, in hopes of letting go.   But what if threats continue? Wise elder Dave Gunders agrees that we cannot let our guard down against MAGA or evil forces that would destroy our freedoms and democracy. Happy balance must be found. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_q1wf6ytyKo   The Craig Silverman Show - Every Saturday morning at 9 a.m. Colorado time

At the meeting of the American Society for Tropical Medicine and Hygeine in Chicago, Natasha joins TWiP to solve the case of the Man with a Generalized Seizure and Infectious Forms in the Brain. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Daniel Griffin, and Christina Naula Guest: Natasha Spottiswoode Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Links for this episode Treatment of Balamuthia encephalitis with nitroxoline (Emerg Inf Dis) Letters read on TWiP 222 Become a patron of TWiP Case Study for TWiP 222 Haitian creole speaking, cachetic female in her 50s w/ hx HIV (noncompliant on medication), migrating from Haiti brought in by her daughter for dysphagia, cough x days, associated with NBNB vomiting, oral thrush extending to soft palate, concerning for oropharyngeal candidiasis. Weeks of nonresolving diarrhea. Admitted for failure to thrive and deconditioning, found to be Parainfluenza 3 positive), undergoing TB rule out. Diarrhea is voluminous, pt is dehydrated, there has been significant weight loss and lethargy over the last few weeks. MHx: HIV  Shx: Lives in haiti Remarried, Last sexual encounter 2 years ago. Denies illicit drug use. Drinks alcohol  Allergies: No Active Allergies Labs return with CD4 count in the 50s, elevated viral load. CD4 55/3% Send your case diagnosis, questions and comments to twip@microbe.tv Music by Ronald Jenkees

Dr. John Lewis discusses The Benefits of Polysaccharides with Dr. Ben Weitz. [If you enjoy this podcast, please give us a rating and review on Apple Podcasts, so more people will find The Rational Wellness Podcast. Also check out the video version on my WeitzChiro YouTube page.]    Podcast Highlights 13:26  Polysaccharides.  Polysaccharides are complex sugars and some of them have unique health promoting properties, including those that come from aloe vera and from rice bran.  Aloe vera is 99% water, so you have to extract the polysaccharides out of the aloe vera plant and this acetylated polymannose has amazing properties. 20:25  Polymannose.  Dr. Lewis met Dr. Reg McDaniel who had been working on the aloe plant since the 1980s at the Texas A & M vet school, who is still doing research at 87 years of age.  Dr. McDaniel shared studies that these aloe derived polysaccharides were anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiproliferative, and have wound healing benefits.  He found that in addition to the wound healing and stem cell production boosting function of aloe vera, this polymannose is a key sugar when the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi of the cell are communicating with each other and making other bioactive compounds that you need.  This polymannose is similar to d-mannose, which is often recommended as part of a protocol along with L-carnitine and CoQ10 for supporting the heart muscle in patients with congestive heart failure, though Dr. Lewis's research was more focused on brain health. 25:51  Aloe polymannose multinutrient complex.  In their study on the polysaccharides for Alzheimer's patients, Dr. Lewis and colleagues used an aloe polymannose multinutrient complex, including aloe polymannose, rice bran, larch tree, cysteine, lecithin, tart cherry, inositol hexaphosphate, yam, flax seed, citric acid, and glucosamine.  They gave the patients this nutritional supplement four times per day in a powdered form that put into a liquid to drink. For the Alzheimer's study, they took patients with moderate to severe disease, which means the sickest of the sick and this group is the hardest to see improvements with.  The neuropsychological testing showed a significant improvement at nine and twelve months. 35:06  Alzheimer's study lab results. The lab results showed statistically significant reductions in VEGF and TNF alpha.  There was an improvement in CD4 to CD8 ratio, which obviously is very important for all of us.  They also showed an improvement of just under 300% in CD14 cells, which is a marker of adult stem cells.  And the average age of these patients were 79.9 years of age.  They theorized that these adult stem cells migrated to the brain and created new neurons, new synapses, and repaired damage to neurons.  Also BDNF levels went up by 11%, though this was not considered to be statistically significant.  They did not ask these Alzheimer's patients to change their diet or to exercise or do anything else to improve their lifestyles.  We can only imagine how much more benefit might have been derived if this nutritional intervention were used as part of a Functional Medicine approach that also put them on a healthy diet and had them perform vigorous exercise and do brain stimulating exercises as well, such as the approach used by Dr. Dale Bredesen. [The Effect of an Aloe Polymannose Multinutrient Complex on Cognitive and Immune Functioning in Alzheimer's Disease.] 44:45  MS study. These patients with relapsing remitting MS were placed on a similar aloe polymannose multinutrient complex four times per day for 12 months.  The FAMS (Functional Assessment for MS) questionaire was used for functional assessment and results showed very significant improvements in every scale.  MS patients frequently get infections and these patients who took the nutritional intervention had much fewer infections.  Serum biomarkers, quality of life, symptom severity, and functioning also improved.

Prof Angus Dalgleish is a Professor of oncology at St Georges Hospital in London. He is best known for his contributions to HIV/AIDs research, being a co-discoverer of the CD4 receptor as the major cellular receptor for HIV. Prof Dalgleish has had an interest in developing vaccines for cancer treatment. He was a proponent of the COVID-19 “vaccine” program and wrote an article in the Daily Mail encouraging young adults and pregnant women to take the shot. Prof Angus Dalgleish has since changed his opinion regarding the “vaccines” , and as you will discover in this interview, a whole lot more. In this incredibly insightful and honest conversation, I explore his transformation from distinguished doctor, scientist and media doctor promoting the shots, to a pariah because he is advising an immediate halt to the COVID "vaccine" program due to safety concerns. About Doc Malik: Orthopaedic surgeon Ahmad Malik is on a journey of discovery when it comes to health and wellness. Through honest conversations with captivating individuals, Ahmad explores an array of topics that profoundly impact our well-being and health. ⁠Subscribe to the show⁠ and join our mailing list. ⁠Support the show⁠ and have access to exclusive contents and perks.  To sponsor the Doc Malik Podcast contact us at ⁠hello@docmalik.com⁠  You can follow us on social media, we are on the following platforms: ⁠Twitter Ahmad⁠ | ⁠Twitter Podcast⁠ | ⁠Instagram Ahmad⁠ | ⁠Instagram Podcast

Featuring articles on interrupting therapy to attempt pregnancy after breast cancer, trifluridine–tipiracil and bevacizumab in colorectal cancer, imaging- or angiography-guided PCI for complex lesions, and idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia; a review article on neonatal seizures; a Clinical Problem-Solving describing a diagnostic sequence; and Perspective articles on combating West Nile virus disease, on falling insulin prices, on next steps in policy reforms to address the overdose crisis, and on the breast biopsy and the Buddhist half-smile.