Podcasts about Ahava

Diagrams If kodshei kodashim were slaughtered on top of the altar, is that considered a valid slaughter? Rabbi Yosi maintains that it is as if they were slaughtered in the north, and therefore valid. In contrast, Rabbi Yosi b'Rabbi Yehuda holds that it is only valid if performed on the northern half of the altar. Rav Asi cites Rabbi Yochanan, who explains that Rabbi Yosi viewed the altar as entirely situated in the north. Rav Asi assumes that this was derived from our Mishna, where Rabbi Yosi permits slaughtering on the altar. He further clarifies that when Rabbi Yosi stated, "It is as if it is in the north," he meant to emphasize that although the requirement to slaughter kodshei kodashim is "on the side of the altar," slaughtering on top of the altar is also valid. Rabbi Zeira challenges Rav Asi's interpretation by applying the same connection to Rabbi Yosi b'Rabbi Yehuda's position, that he must hold the altar is situated half in the north and half in the south, and introducing another statement from Rav Asi in the name of Rabbi Yochanan, which contradicts that. The second statement of Rabbi Yochanan is that, according to Rabbi Yosi b'Rabbi Yehuda, if one slaughtered on the ground under where the altar stands, it is invalid. Rav Asi responds by explaining that both Rabbi Yosi and Rabbi Yosi b'Rabbi Yehuda derived their views from a verse in the Torah, and it does not hinge on the location of the altar. The verse is Shemot 20:21: "And you shall slaughter on it (the altar) your burnt and peace offerings." The debate centers on whether the verse states that both burnt and peace offerings may be slaughtered anywhere on the altar, or that burnt offerings must be slaughtered on one half (the north) and peace offerings on the other. Rav Acha of Difti asks Ravina to clarify the meaning of Rabbi Yochanan's statement that slaughtering on the ground where the altar stands is invalid. How can one slaughter on the ground where the altar is standing? Rabbi Zeira returns to the original statement of Rabbi Yochanan—that Rabbi Yosi held the altar was entirely in the north—and seeks a source for this in a Mishna. He cites a Mishna in Tamid 29a, which refers to the location of the ma'aracha hashniya, the second arrangement of wood on the altar, as being in the southwest corner, four cubits toward the north. Rabbi Yosi explained the need for this to be situated opposite the exit of the Sanctuary. Rabbi Zeira argues that the arrangement needed to be opposite the exit of the Sanctuary and four cubits north of the southwest corner, which can only be reconciled with Rabbi Yosi's position that the altar was entirely in the north. However, Rav Ada bar Ahava counters Rabbi Zeira's proof by suggesting that the Mishna can be understood according to Rabbi Yehuda, who held that the altar was situated half in the north and half in the south, centered in the room.

The braita in Zevachim 51 extrapolates from the third mention (by the nasi) of the base of the altar that for all sacrifices on the outer altar the remainder of the blood is poured on the base, the yesod. The braita then raises a question: perhaps the extrapolation should be different — that the sprinkling of sacrificial blood on the outer altar must be performed only on the sides where there is a base, i.e., not on the southeast corner, since the base did not extend there. A difficulty on that suggestion is drawn from the verse's wording. The verse states "to the base of the altar of the olah," which suggests relevance to all sacrifices on the outer altar rather than only to the olah. But the sin offering, which is placed on the outer altar, is positioned on all four corners and not limited to the three corners where there is a base. If the verse had intended the latter ruling, it should have been phrased "to the base of the olah," referring specifically to the burnt offering where that limitation would apply. The Gemara resolves this difficulty by explaining the unique inclusion of the word "altar" in the verse: it teaches that when blood is spilled on the base, it must be spilled on the roof of the base (top flat surface) and not on the wall of the base. With this reading, the subsequent lines of the braita, where Rabbi Yishmael and Rabbi Akiva each say the law could have been derived by a kal va'chomer are reread including mention of the roof of the base. Rabbi Yishmael and Rabbi Akiva appear to assert the same logical argument using slightly different wording. Rav Ada bar Ahava and Rav Papa propose possible distinctions between their positions. Rav Ada argues that because Rabbi Akiva used more extended language about the remainder of the blood, that it "does not atone" and "does not come for atonement purposes," Rabbi Akiva must regard pouring the remainder as nonessential. Rabbi Yishmael, having said only "it doesn't atone," must hold that pouring the remainder is essential. Rav Papa rejects this reading, maintaining that no one posits an obligation to pour the remainder of the blood. He narrows the difference between Rabbi Yishmael and Rabbi Akiva to the specific case of the bird sin offering: whether mitzui, squeezing out the remainder of the blood and placing it directly on the wall of the altar while squeezing, is essential. Rav Papa understands Rabbi Yishmael to require mitzui, while Rabbi Akiva does not. A braita is then cited to support Rav Papa, showing that Rabbi Yishmael holds pouring the remainder is not essential. A difficulty is raised against Rav Papa's position, but the Gemara resolves it. Rami bar Hama introduces a tana who maintains that for sin offerings whose blood is placed on the inner altar, pouring the remainder of the blood on the base of the altar is essential; Rava, however, rejects this understanding of the braita and its conclusion. Rabbi Yochanan and Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi dispute whether Rabbi Yehuda and Rabbi Akiva actually differ on the question of whether the remainder of the blood for inner sin offerings is essential.    

The braita in Zevachim 51 extrapolates from the third mention (by the nasi) of the base of the altar that for all sacrifices on the outer altar the remainder of the blood is poured on the base, the yesod. The braita then raises a question: perhaps the extrapolation should be different — that the sprinkling of sacrificial blood on the outer altar must be performed only on the sides where there is a base, i.e., not on the southeast corner, since the base did not extend there. A difficulty on that suggestion is drawn from the verse's wording. The verse states "to the base of the altar of the olah," which suggests relevance to all sacrifices on the outer altar rather than only to the olah. But the sin offering, which is placed on the outer altar, is positioned on all four corners and not limited to the three corners where there is a base. If the verse had intended the latter ruling, it should have been phrased "to the base of the olah," referring specifically to the burnt offering where that limitation would apply. The Gemara resolves this difficulty by explaining the unique inclusion of the word "altar" in the verse: it teaches that when blood is spilled on the base, it must be spilled on the roof of the base (top flat surface) and not on the wall of the base. With this reading, the subsequent lines of the braita, where Rabbi Yishmael and Rabbi Akiva each say the law could have been derived by a kal va'chomer are reread including mention of the roof of the base. Rabbi Yishmael and Rabbi Akiva appear to assert the same logical argument using slightly different wording. Rav Ada bar Ahava and Rav Papa propose possible distinctions between their positions. Rav Ada argues that because Rabbi Akiva used more extended language about the remainder of the blood, that it "does not atone" and "does not come for atonement purposes," Rabbi Akiva must regard pouring the remainder as nonessential. Rabbi Yishmael, having said only "it doesn't atone," must hold that pouring the remainder is essential. Rav Papa rejects this reading, maintaining that no one posits an obligation to pour the remainder of the blood. He narrows the difference between Rabbi Yishmael and Rabbi Akiva to the specific case of the bird sin offering: whether mitzui, squeezing out the remainder of the blood and placing it directly on the wall of the altar while squeezing, is essential. Rav Papa understands Rabbi Yishmael to require mitzui, while Rabbi Akiva does not. A braita is then cited to support Rav Papa, showing that Rabbi Yishmael holds pouring the remainder is not essential. A difficulty is raised against Rav Papa's position, but the Gemara resolves it. Rami bar Hama introduces a tana who maintains that for sin offerings whose blood is placed on the inner altar, pouring the remainder of the blood on the base of the altar is essential; Rava, however, rejects this understanding of the braita and its conclusion. Rabbi Yochanan and Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi dispute whether Rabbi Yehuda and Rabbi Akiva actually differ on the question of whether the remainder of the blood for inner sin offerings is essential.    

This Podcast is from Oct. 19th 2025 with Pastor Travis titled Fasting Forward.Ezra 1-8 (NKJV) is summarized.Ahava: the kind of love found between friends, family, or between humans and God. affection, loyalty, and deep emotional connection.What is a fast? Fasting is a sacrificial form of prayer warfare that produces results available in no other way.Ezra 8:21-23 (NKJV)21 Then I proclaimed a fast there at the river of Ahava, that we might humble ourselves before our God, to seek from Him the right way for us and our little ones and all our possessions. 22 For I was ashamed to request of the king an escort of soldiers and horsemen to help us against the enemy on the road, because we had spoken to the king, saying, “The hand of our God is upon all those for good who seek Him, but His power and His wrath are against all those who forsake Him.” 23 So we fasted and entreated our God for this, and He answered our prayer.Leviticus 19:18 (NKJV)18 You shall not take vengeance, nor bear any grudge against the children of your people, but you shall love your neighbor as yourself: I am the Lord.Isaiah 58:3 (NLT)3 ‘We have fasted before you!' they say. ‘Why aren't you impressed?We have been very hard on ourselves, and you don't even notice it!'“I will tell you why!” I respond. “It's because you are fasting to please yourselves. Even while you fast, you keep oppressing your workers.(True or False Worship) 58:1-12 Read Ezra 8:24–30 (NKJV) was referenced for values of what they carried with them. Ezra 8:31-32 (NKJV)31  Then we departed from the river of Ahava on the twelfth day of the first month, to go to Jerusalem. And the hand of our God was upon us, and He delivered us from the hand of the enemy and from ambush along the road.  32  So we came to Jerusalem, and stayed there threedays.Thank you for listening and join us next time for more great teachings from The Word .If you feel led to give towards this podcast ministry you can do so through the same ways that you give your tithes & offerings by writing Podcast ministry.

Do you find yourself at a place in life you'd rather not be? Maybe one you didn't expect? Because of the Good News of Jesus Christ, it doesn't matter where we find ourselves now. What matters is how we respond to the gospel and the salvation that is found in our Lord. Ahava, a woman trapped in the despair of her life as a prostitute, hears Jesus' teachings about repentance and hope, prompting her to search for a new path and to renounce her former life. In a dramatic encounter at a Pharisee's dinner, she anoints Jesus with precious ointment, symbolizing her repentance and transformation, leading to her acceptance and forgiveness. Today's Bible verse is Luke 7:48 from the King James Version.Download the Pray.com app for more Christian content including, Daily Prayers, Inspirational Testimonies, and Bedtime Bible Stories.Pray.com is the digital destination for faith. With over 5,000 daily prayers, meditations, bedtime stories, and cinematic stories inspired by the Bible, the Pray.com app has everything you need to keep your focus on the Lord. Make Prayer a priority and download the #1 App for Prayer and Sleep today in the Apple app store or Google Play store.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Exodus 39 – The Garments of Survival in the Fire | Torah Class (Ahava~Love Assembly)Shalom! In this Torah class we enter Exodus 39 — the chapter of priestly garments. More than fabric, these were garments of survival before Yahuah's consuming fire.We begin with the Parable of the King's Banquet and the Seamstress — a living picture of why no man can stand before Yahuah in his own covering.Every stitch in Exodus 39 preaches:The Ephod – burden of names carried on the shoulders.The Breastplate – judgment on the heart, justice + mercy fused.The Robe – sound and fruit together, or silence that proves death.The Crown – the forehead as altar, engraved with Yahuah's seal or rebellion's mark.The Completion – only two garments in the end: Yahusha's robe washed in blood, or nakedness for wrath.⚔️ This is not a tailoring record — it is prophecy of judgment. Exodus 39 prepares us for the Final Day, when only those clothed in Yahusha will survive.

Ahava!

Join Kerry Battle of Ahava~Love Assembly as we dive into Psalms 53–55 with the Word-only, precept-upon-precept method.- Psalm 53 — The fool denies Yahuah, but salvation comes from Zion.- Psalm 54 — Yahuah is the Helper and Sustainer of the righteous.- Psalm 55 — Cast every burden and betrayal on Yahuah, for He will not suffer the righteous to be moved.

Ezra 8.21-23 21. Acolo, la râul Ahava, am vestit un post de smerire înaintea Dumnezeului nostru, ca să cerem de la El o călătorie fericită pentru noi, pentru copiii noştri şi pentru tot ce era al nostru.22. Îmi era ruşine să cer împăratului o oaste de însoţire şi călăreţi, ca să ne ocrotească împotriva vrăjmaşului […]

Taught by Kerry Battle | Ahava~Love AssemblyThis powerful lesson walks through Psalms 44–46 — revealing what it means to praise through pain, stay faithful in silence, and trust Yah when the earth shakes.

Everyone's talking about הפסקת אש, ceasefire. Let's get to know the word הפסקה (break) and other words in its family which come from the root פסק. Hear the All-Hebrew Episode on Patreon   New Words and Expressions: Hafsakat-esh – Ceasefire – הפסקת אש Hafsaka – Break, stop, halting – הפסקה “Maga'im intensiviyim lehafsakat esh, ach ha-esh lo poseket” – There are intensive talks for a ceasefire, but the fire won't stop – מגעים אינטנסיביים להפסקת אש, אך האש לא פוסקת Hafsakat esh humanitarit – Humanitarian ceasefire – הפסקת אש הומניטרית Ha-hafsaka ha-gdola – “The big break” – ההפסקה הגדולה Hifsakti lenasot – I stopped trying – הפסקתי לנסות Hifsakti le'ashen lifeni shavua – I stopped smoking a week ago – הפסקתי לעשן לפני שבוע “Choshev lehasik le'ashen? Eize yofi” – Do you think of stopping smoking? That's great – חושב להפסיק לעשן? איזה יופי “Kshe'at noga'at bi, ani mafsik lachshov” – When you touch me I stop thinking – כשאת נוגעת בי, אני מפסיק לחשוב Lo tafsiki lekavot – You will not stop hoping – לא תפסיקי לקוות Hufsak – Halted, stopped – הופסק Ha-sherut hufsak – The service was discontinued – השירות הופסק Piska – Paragraph – פסקה Psik – Comma – פסיק Pisuk – Punctuation – פיסוק Pisuk raglayim – Spreading the legs – פיסוק רגליים Pasuk – Biblical verse – פסוק Pesek zman – Time off / Name of a chocolate snack – פסק זמן Kach pesek zman – Take some time off – קח פסק זמן   Playlist and Clips: Roy Tal – Hifsakti Lenasot Boaz Sharabi -Kshe-at Nogaat Bi (lyrics) Gali Atari – Ha-shir she-yavi lach Ahava (lyrics) Arik Einstein – Pesek Zman (lyrics)

Donnie Simmet - Sunday Morning Opening

Shabbat Shalom, mishpacha! Welcome to our weekly Torah StudyThank you for joining and may Yahuah our Aluah in the resplendent Name of Yahusha HaMashiach be with you and your family this Shabbat! Shalom!If you are led and would like to donate:PayPal: Ahav~Love Ministry

Shabbat Shalom, mishpacha! Welcome to our weekly Word StudyThank you for joining and may Yahuah our Aluah be with you and your family this Shabbat! Shalom!If you are led and would like to donate:PayPal: Ahav~Love Ministry

Shabbat Shalom, mishpacha! Welcome to our weekly Word StudyThank you for joining and may Yahuah our Aluah be with you and your family this Shabbat! Shalom!If you are led and would like to donate:PayPal: Ahav~Love Ministry

Shabbat Shalom, mishpacha! Welcome to our weekly Torah StudyThank you for joining and may Yahuah our Aluah in the resplendent Name of Yahusha HaMashiach be with you and your family this Shabbat! Shalom!If you are led and would like to donate:PayPal: Ahav~Love Ministry

Shabbat Shalom, mishpacha! Welcome to our weekly Torah StudyThank you for joining and may Yahuah our Aluah in the resplendent Name of Yahusha HaMashiach be with you and your family this Shabbat! Shalom!If you are led and would like to donate:PayPal: Ahav~Love Ministry

Shabbat Shalom, mishpacha! Welcome to our weekly Word StudyThank you for joining and may Yahuah our Aluah be with you and your family this Shabbat! Shalom!If you are led and would like to donate:PayPal: Ahav~Love Ministry

Our learning today is dedicated in honor of the State of Israel celebrating 77 years of independence. We continue to pray for the safe and speedy return of our hostages, for the safety of our soldiers, and for a refuah shleima for all the injured soldiers.  We also dedicate our learning to the speedy extinguishing of the terrible fires blazing in Israel and to the safety of the firefighters.  How were the lashes administered? Why? What situations would provide enough embarrassment for the one getting the lashes that even if some of the lashes were given or in some cases, even if none were yet administered, one would already have fulfilled receiving the punishment? Why was the whip made from a calf and a donkey? Rabbi Chanina ben Gamliel holds that one who is obligated to receive karet and then receives lashes for that sin, the lashes atone for the sin and the person will no longer receive karet. According to Rabbi Yochanan, the rabbis disagreed with Rabbi Chanina. Rav Ada proves this from a Mishna in Megilla. However, Rav Nachman and Rav Ashi reject the proof, each in a different way. The Mishna brings various statements regarding the value of observing mitzvot. When Rav Ada bar Ahava ruled like Rabbi Chanina ben Gamliel, Rav Yosef asked rhetorically if he had gone up to the heavens and seen that those who received lashes did not receive karet? Abaye responded that Rabbi Chanina derived it from a verse, just as in a statement of Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi that there are three things the rabbis did that the heavens approved of - the obligation to read Megillat Esther, greeting a friend using the name of God, and bringing the tithes to the Temple to be distributed. Rabbi Elazar said that there are three instances where the Divine Spirit appeared in a court to intervene - with Yehuda, Shmuel, and Shlomo, as can be proven from verses in the Tanach. Rava rejects the proof from the verses, but says this was learned by a tradition. 

Our learning today is dedicated in honor of the State of Israel celebrating 77 years of independence. We continue to pray for the safe and speedy return of our hostages, for the safety of our soldiers, and for a refuah shleima for all the injured soldiers.  We also dedicate our learning to the speedy extinguishing of the terrible fires blazing in Israel and to the safety of the firefighters.  How were the lashes administered? Why? What situations would provide enough embarrassment for the one getting the lashes that even if some of the lashes were given or in some cases, even if none were yet administered, one would already have fulfilled receiving the punishment? Why was the whip made from a calf and a donkey? Rabbi Chanina ben Gamliel holds that one who is obligated to receive karet and then receives lashes for that sin, the lashes atone for the sin and the person will no longer receive karet. According to Rabbi Yochanan, the rabbis disagreed with Rabbi Chanina. Rav Ada proves this from a Mishna in Megilla. However, Rav Nachman and Rav Ashi reject the proof, each in a different way. The Mishna brings various statements regarding the value of observing mitzvot. When Rav Ada bar Ahava ruled like Rabbi Chanina ben Gamliel, Rav Yosef asked rhetorically if he had gone up to the heavens and seen that those who received lashes did not receive karet? Abaye responded that Rabbi Chanina derived it from a verse, just as in a statement of Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi that there are three things the rabbis did that the heavens approved of - the obligation to read Megillat Esther, greeting a friend using the name of God, and bringing the tithes to the Temple to be distributed. Rabbi Elazar said that there are three instances where the Divine Spirit appeared in a court to intervene - with Yehuda, Shmuel, and Shlomo, as can be proven from verses in the Tanach. Rava rejects the proof from the verses, but says this was learned by a tradition. 

Shabbat Shalom, mishpacha! Welcome to our weekly Torah StudyThank you for joining and may Yahuah our Aluah in the resplendent Name of Yahusha HaMashiach be with you and your family this Shabbat! Shalom!If you are led and would like to donate:PayPal: Ahav~Love Ministry

Shabbat Shalom, mishpacha! Welcome to our weekly Word StudyThank you for joining and may Yahuah our Aluah be with you and your family this Shabbat! Shalom!If you are led and would like to donate:PayPal: Ahav~Love Ministry

Shabbat Shalom, mishpacha! Welcome to our weekly Torah StudyThank you for joining and may Yahuah our Aluah in the resplendent Name of Yahusha HaMashiach be with you and your family this Shabbat! Shalom!If you are led and would like to donate:PayPal: Ahav~Love Ministry

Shabbat Shalom, mishpacha! Welcome to our weekly Word StudyThank you for joining and may Yahuah our Aluah be with you and your family this Shabbat! Shalom!If you are led and would like to donate:PayPal: Ahav~Love Ministry

Shabbat Shalom, mishpacha! Welcome to our weekly Torah StudyThank you for joining and may Yahuah our Aluah in the resplendent Name of Yahusha HaMashiach be with you and your family this Shabbat! Shalom!If you are led and would like to donate:PayPal: Ahav~Love Ministry

Shabbat Shalom, mishpacha! Welcome to our weekly Word StudyThank you for joining and may Yahuah our Aluah be with you and your family this Shabbat! Shalom!If you are led and would like to donate:PayPal: Ahav~Love Ministry

Shabbat Shalom, mishpacha! Welcome to our weekly Word StudyThank you for joining and may Yahuah our Aluah be with you and your family this Shabbat! Shalom!If you are led and would like to donate:PayPal: Ahav~Love Ministry

Shabbat Shalom, mishpacha! Welcome to our weekly Torah StudyThank you for joining and may Yahuah our Aluah in the resplendent Name of Yahusha HaMashiach be with you and your family this Shabbat! Shalom!If you are led and would like to donate:PayPal: Ahav~Love Ministry

This week, we dedicate the show to Paris and France, as a tribute to our French friends who are going through a difficult time. Many Israelis don't even know that some of the famous songs they enjoy humming are actually French songs translated into Hebrew – so we sample some of those. Guy Sharett also teaches us some new words like ga'agu'a – ‘longing.' A tout de suite! Hear the All-Hebrew Episode on Patreon   New Words and Expressions: Kita hei – 5th grade – כיתה ה Dimdumim – Twilight – דמדומים Erev – Evening – ערב Ma'arav – West – מערב “Im ha-zman ha-kol cholef” – With the time, everything is passing – עם הזמן הכל חולף Hazman cholef – Time is passing by – הזמן חולף Lachlof al pnei mishehu – Pass by someone (without noticing) – לחלוף על פני מישהו “Ahava bat esrim” – A 20 year old love – אהבה בת עשרים “Yafa sheli” – My darling – יפה שלי Bat arba – Four years old (f.) – בת ארבע “Im kol kach tov li po, az lama shuv, ani bocha umishtagat?” – If it's so good for me here, how come I am crying and going crazy? – אם כל כך טוב לי פה, אז למה שוב אני בוכה ומתגעגעת Lehitga'age'ah – To miss someone/something – להתגעגע Ga'agu'a – Longing, missing – געגוע Herut – Freedom – חירות   Playlist and Clips: Yves Montand – Sous le ciel de Paris The Jerusalem Orchestra East West – Dimduim Aviv Geffen – Ve'im Ha-zman (lyrics) Léo Ferré – Avec le temps Yossi Banai – Ahava Bat Esrim (lyrics) Jacques Brel – La chanson des vieux amants Yael Naim – Paris (lyrics) George Moustaki – Ma Liberté Chava Alberstein – At Cheruti (lyrics) Ep. 52 about erev, maghreb, HEB

What Is The Objective?

Shabbat Shalom, mishpacha! Welcome to our weekly Torah StudyThank you for joining and may Yahuah our Aluah in the resplendent Name of Yahusha HaMashiach be with you and your family this Shabbat! Shalom!If you are led and would like to donate:PayPal: Ahav~Love Ministry

Today's daf is sponsored by Becki Goldstein in loving memory of her father, Cantor Yoel ben Meir Fromm. "A lone survivor who served his kehilla in Canada devotedly. His advice to me, spiced with midrashim, encouraged my learning and independent thinking. My grandchildren are his legacy. I miss his nigunim and stories. He was my guiding light." Abaye proposes a kal v'chomer argument regarding someone sentenced to death who is working in the Temple: if he is engaged in communal sacrifices, he should not be taken for execution. He interprets the verse, "From my altar you will be taken to be killed" (Shmot 21:14) as referring only to individual sacrifices. Rava challenges this interpretation, noting that since some authorities permit individual offerings on Yom Tov, one cannot differentiate between communal and individual sacrifices on this basis, as both override Shabbat/Yom Tov while execution does not. According to that opinion, accepting Abaye's kal v'chomer would render the verse meaningless, as execution would never override Temple service. Rava therefore concludes that court-ordered execution takes precedence over all Temple service. In Rabbi Yehuda haNasi's court, Rav would speak first in monetary cases, despite the rule that the most senior judge should begin deliberations. Rava's son explains that this exception was due to Rabbi Yehuda haNasi's unique status - from Moshe until his time, no one matched his combined greatness in both political leadership and Torah scholarship. While the Gemara suggests other potential candidates from this period, each is dismissed because they had contemporaries of equal stature. Rav Ada bar Ahava notes that this singular combination of political and Torah leadership remained unmatched from Rabbi Yehuda haNasi until Rav Ashi. The Gemara brings two verses supporting the Mishna's requirement that in capital cases, deliberations begin with the junior judge. It then addresses Rav's ruling that a teacher can instruct his student about a case and later both can serve as judges. This seems to conflict with Tosefta Sanhedrin 7:2, which states that in capital cases, a teacher-student pair counts as one vote since the student's opinion is influenced by the teacher. The Gemara resolves this by distinguishing between different types of teacher-student relationships. Rabbi Abahu rules that while a case of an ox that killed a person requires twenty-three judges, other aspects follow monetary rather than capital case procedures. He references ten differences between monetary and capital cases in the Mishna, though the Gemara initially counts only nine, resolving the discrepancy by citing an additional difference from the Tosefta. The Gemara then examines why converts and mamzerim are disqualified from judging capital cases, questioning why each disqualification requires its own derivation. It also explores the source for disqualifying witnesses based on lineage.  The semicircular arrangement of the twenty-three-judge Sanhedrin enabled all judges to see each other and the witnesses. How many scribes were there to record the judges' opinions during the deliberations?