The show that strengthens spirit, mind, and body one episode at a time.
Discuss my thoughts on whether Dimethylglycine or Trimethylglycine is "better" for Homocysteine conversion to Methionine.This is strictly for educational purposes. The information in this video is not meant as a substitute for professional medical advice.Please like, comment and share if you find value in this video. Also, please ask any questions you have about supplements. I'll do a video reply as soon as possible.Resources: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4684116/https://cen.acs.org/articles/82/i3/METHYLMERCURY-TOXICOLOGY-PROBED.html#:~:text=%22Glutathione%20can%20be%20pumped%20out,brain%20as%20methylmercury%2Dglutathione.%22https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4540061/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163725821001182https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163725821001182 Image Resource:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6635095/ https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Overview-of-de-novo-glutathione-synthesis-Reduced-glutathione-or-GSH-is-a-tripeptide_fig2_5690064 https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/book/export/html/71 https://www.nature.com/articles/hr2011133 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serine_hydroxymethyltransferase - https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/methylenetetrahydrofolate-reductasehttps://chemtymology.co.uk/2020/11/27/cysteine-and-cystine/ https://fda.report/DailyMed/972f09a7-2aa1-4b1b-a6dc-2c4578a07803 https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-precipitate-604612 https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Acetyl-p-benzoquinone-imine#section=3D-Conformer https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/DRUG-METABOLISM-IN-THE-LIVER-Nguyen/4a29c6c4d433685a94b94602c012b8731cba5493https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/S-_Methylmercury_-L-Cysteine#section=2D-Structurehttps://keymerhealth.com/articles/seafood-mercury/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/2021/6564585 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304416519300133https://www.jbc.org/cms/10.1074/jbc.M111.265348/asset/822df563-eda2-4f48-a333-d01370a79e9c/main.assets/gr5_lrg.jpghttps://www.researchgate.net/figure/Betaine-metabolism-Metabolic-pathways-involving-betaine-BHMT-betaine-homocysteine_fig11_225081065https://www.acs.org/molecule-of-the-week/archive/c/l-cysteine.htmlhttps://biologydictionary.net/glutamic-acid/https://www.researchgate.net/figure/An-overview-of-the-reaction-catalyzed-by-SHMT-and-its-context-in-the-folate-cycle-A-The_fig1_338995871https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5-Methyltetrahydrofolate#section=2D-Structurehttps://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Tetrahydrofolic-acid#section=2D-Structurehttps://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/135398652#section=2D-Structure
This episode goes over the compounds of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and Glycine, and how they are used to make Glutathione. Also, we go over a couple of use cases for Glutathione. This is strictly for educational purposes. The information in this video is not meant as a substitute for professional medical advice.Please like, comment and share if you find value in this video. Also, please ask any questions you have about supplements. I'll do a video reply as soon as possible.Resources: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4684116/https://cen.acs.org/articles/82/i3/METHYLMERCURY-TOXICOLOGY-PROBED.html#:~:text=%22Glutathione%20can%20be%20pumped%20out,brain%20as%20methylmercury%2Dglutathione.%22https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4540061/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163725821001182https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163725821001182 Image Resource:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6635095/ https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Overview-of-de-novo-glutathione-synthesis-Reduced-glutathione-or-GSH-is-a-tripeptide_fig2_5690064 https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/book/export/html/71 https://www.nature.com/articles/hr2011133 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serine_hydroxymethyltransferase - https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/methylenetetrahydrofolate-reductasehttps://chemtymology.co.uk/2020/11/27/cysteine-and-cystine/ https://fda.report/DailyMed/972f09a7-2aa1-4b1b-a6dc-2c4578a07803 https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-precipitate-604612 https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Acetyl-p-benzoquinone-imine#section=3D-Conformer https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/DRUG-METABOLISM-IN-THE-LIVER-Nguyen/4a29c6c4d433685a94b94602c012b8731cba5493https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/S-_Methylmercury_-L-Cysteine#section=2D-Structurehttps://keymerhealth.com/articles/seafood-mercury/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/2021/6564585 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304416519300133
Discussing a question I received asking where the blood brain barrier is located. In addition, we go over information about the blood csf barrier. This is strictly for educational purposes. The information in this video is not meant as a substitute for professional medical advice.Here's a link to the previous video on the blood brain barrier.https://spotifycreators-web.app.link/e/BQceRCwlKRbPlease like, comment and share if you find value in this video. Also, please ask any questions you have about supplements. I'll do a video reply as soon as possible.Resources:https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/area-postrema#:~:text=The%20area%20postrema%20refers%20to,actions%20that%20lead%20to%20illness.https://qbi.uq.edu.au/brain/brain-anatomy/what-blood-brain-barrier#:~:text=The%20brain%20is%20precious%2C%20and,of%20the%20blood%E2%80%93brain%20barrier.https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/choroid-plexushttps://journals.lww.com/glaucomajournal/fulltext/2013/06001/production_and_circulation_of_cerebrospinal_fluid.5.aspxhttps://fluidsbarrierscns.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12987-020-00230-3https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/22266-meningeshttps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2821375/https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroanatomy/articles/10.3389/fnana.2021.665803/full#F1https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1871727/https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7768803/https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4120694/Image resources:https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/choroid-plexushttps://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Anatomy_and_Physiology_%28Boundless%29/11%3A_Central_Nervous_System/11.3%3A_Protection_of_the_Brain/11.3C%3A_Ventricleshttps://www.hydroassoc.org/understanding-the-choroid-plexus-function-location-and-its-role-in-hydrocephalus/https://www.researchgate.net/figure/blood-cerebrospinal-fluid-CSF-barrier-The-choroid-plexus-has-fenestrated-capillaries_fig1_325373010https://neuroscientificallychallenged.com/glossary/fourth-ventriclehttps://www.researchgate.net/figure/Area-Postrema-is-Anatomical-Marker-for-the-Subregion-of-NTS-of-Primary-Hypothetical_fig1_259320952https://www.rit.edu/spotlights/blood-brain-barrierhttps://www.cell.com/heliyon/fulltext/S2405-8440%2824%2911593-9https://www.aginganddisease.org/EN/10.14336/AD.2022.0130-1http://epilepsygenetics.net/the-epilepsiome/slc2a1-this-is-what-you-need-to-know/https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/14/2363https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/11/11/2636https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fncel.2019.00282/fullhttps://teachmephysiology.com/immune-system/innate-immune-system/phagocytosis/https://oehha.ca.gov/chemicals/methylmercury-and-methylmercury-compoundshttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/18/2823https://www.simplypsychology.org/brain-ventricles.htmlhttps://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/123479/fnins-09-00032-HTML/image_m/fnins-09-00032-g001.jpghttps://www.researchgate.net/figure/Cerebrospinal-fluid-flow-Cerebrospinal-fluid-is-mainly-produced-in-the-lateral_fig2_370857837https://www.physio-pedia.com/CSF_Cerebrospinal_Fluid
Going 2 Deep (two active ingredients) in this review of BUM Energy Drink, root beer flavor. This is strictly for educational purposes. The information in this video is not meant as a substitute for professional medical advice. Please like, comment and share if you find value in this video. Also, please ask any questions you have about supplements. I'll do a video reply as soon as possible. Image References: https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/12/3679 https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-biology2/chapter/neural-stimulation-of-muscle-contraction/ https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-030-42634-7_52 https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Tripartite-synapse-Participation-of-the-astrocyte-in-the-regulation-of-synapse-activity_fig3_366464810 https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Francisco-Wandosell/publication/258282849/figure/fig1/AS:203001995239428@1425410855933/The-coordinated-action-of-glial-and-neuronal-purinergic-receptors-and-purines-in-the-CNS.png https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Schematic-drawing-of-ATP-and-adenosine-receptor-localization-on-different-cell-types-in_fig2_284132757 https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/1/320 https://brainstuff.org/blog/cellular-action-of-adenosine-receptors https://www.osmosis.org/notes/Motor_Nervous_System#page-16 https://www.sciencefacts.net/resting-membrane-potential.html https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Sodium-Potassium-pump-which-uses-ATP-to-pump-sodium-ions-out-of-the-cell-The-hydrolysis_fig2_273751706 https://jackwestin.com/resources/mcat-content/nerve-cell/nodes-of-ranvier-propagation-of-nerve-impulse-along-axon https://old-ib.bioninja.com.au/standard-level/topic-6-human-physiology/65-neurons-and-synapses/synaptic-transfer.html https://www.oist.jp/image/exocytosis-and-endocytosis-are-key-steps-vesicle-recycling-exocytosis-increases-surface-area https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/images/2456-caffeine-and-adenosine-structure
This episode goes over my two cents about a question I received. Does lecithin cross the blood brain barrier more effectively than choline? This is strictly for educational purposes. The information in this video is not meant as a substitute for professional medical advice. Please like, comment and share if you find value in this video. Also, please ask any questions you have about supplements. I'll do a video reply as soon as possible. Information References: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0197018615300802?via%3Dihub https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1997116 https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/other-nutrients/choline https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14938439/ https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6835836/ https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Choline-HealthProfessional/ Image References: https://cordancemedical.com/the-problem/blood-brain-barrier/ https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Molecular-characteristics-of-tight-junction-TJ-protein-complexes-at-the-blood-brain_fig1_363511691 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1878818120304357 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK114308/ https://jissn.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1550-2783-4-5 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK594255/ https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Choline https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/L-Tartaric-acid https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/8/11/326 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8235064/ https://www.examine.com/supplements/alpha-gpc/ https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10025538/ https://pressbooks.calstate.edu/nutritionandfitness/chapter/6-2-phospholipids-and-sterols/ https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/other-nutrients/choline
This is the second of a 2 part response to a question about lecithin vs choline. Here's the link to part 1. https://open.spotify.com/episode/2at2pXZQ02Wt9ZmYq3lczz?si=6exmen2-QjWM2fJ6aaItog Please like, comment and share if you find value in this video. Also, please ask any questions you have about supplements. I'll do a video reply as soon as possible. Information References: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0197018615300802?via%3Dihub https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1997116 https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/other-nutrients/choline https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14938439/ https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6835836/ https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Choline-HealthProfessional/ Image References: https://cordancemedical.com/the-problem/blood-brain-barrier/ https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Molecular-characteristics-of-tight-junction-TJ-protein-complexes-at-the-blood-brain_fig1_363511691 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1878818120304357 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK114308/ https://jissn.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1550-2783-4-5 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK594255/ https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Choline https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/L-Tartaric-acid https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/8/11/326 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8235064/ https://www.examine.com/supplements/alpha-gpc/ https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10025538/ https://pressbooks.calstate.edu/nutritionandfitness/chapter/6-2-phospholipids-and-sterols/ https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/other-nutrients/choline https://www.researchgate.net/figure/molecular-structure-of-the-phosphatidylethanolamine-eluting-at-462-min_fig2_23771336 https://www.nature.com/articles/srep16787 https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Betaine-metabolism-Metabolic-pathways-involving-betaine-BHMT-betaine-homocysteine_fig11_225081065 https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cardiovascular-medicine/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2022.1109445/full https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554408/ https://www.researchgate.net/figure/A-simplified-illustration-of-the-homocysteine-metabolism-pathway-BHMT-betaine_fig1_341362341 https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Fig-2-The-nucleus-basalis-of-Meynert-innervates-the-entire-cerebral-mantle-with_fig1_327756974 https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-human-cholinergic-system-Cholinergic-nuclei-are-primarily-located-in-numbered-cell_fig1_345346799
This is the first of a two part response to a question about lecithin vs choline. Stay tuned for part 2. Please like, comment and share if you find value in this video. Also, please ask any questions you have about supplements. I'll do a video reply as soon as possible. Information References: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0197018615300802?via%3Dihub https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1997116 https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/other-nutrients/choline https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14938439/ https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6835836/ https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Choline-HealthProfessional/ Image Resources: https://cordancemedical.com/the-problem/blood-brain-barrier/ https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Molecular-characteristics-of-tight-junction-TJ-protein-complexes-at-the-blood-brain_fig1_363511691 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1878818120304357 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK114308/ https://jissn.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1550-2783-4-5 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK594255/ https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Choline https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/L-Tartaric-acid https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/8/11/326 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8235064/ https://www.examine.com/supplements/alpha-gpc/ https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10025538/ https://pressbooks.calstate.edu/nutritionandfitness/chapter/6-2-phospholipids-and-sterols/ https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/other-nutrients/choline https://www.researchgate.net/figure/molecular-structure-of-the-phosphatidylethanolamine-eluting-at-462-min_fig2_23771336 https://www.nature.com/articles/srep16787 https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Betaine-metabolism-Metabolic-pathways-involving-betaine-BHMT-betaine-homocysteine_fig11_225081065 https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cardiovascular-medicine/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2022.1109445/full https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554408/ https://www.researchgate.net/figure/A-simplified-illustration-of-the-homocysteine-metabolism-pathway-BHMT-betaine_fig1_341362341 https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Fig-2-The-nucleus-basalis-of-Meynert-innervates-the-entire-cerebral-mantle-with_fig1_327756974 https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-human-cholinergic-system-Cholinergic-nuclei-are-primarily-located-in-numbered-cell_fig1_345346799
Replying to a question about how the absorption of choline be improved. This was a response on a choline bitartrate video, so I used that ingredient to explain. Please like, comment and share if you find value in this video. Also, please ask any questions you have about supplements. I'll do a video reply as soon as possible. Image Resources: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/2021/6564585 https://socratic.org/questions/how-is-the-structure-of-a-villi-in-the-small-intestine-related-to-its-function
Answering a question regarding antihistamines and the effects on acetylcholine receptors. Please like, comment and share if you find value in this video. Also, please ask any questions you have about supplements. I'll do a video reply as soon as possible. Resources: https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(06)02977-0/fulltext https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557790/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538188/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11164999/ https://bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/bph.14696 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526010/ Image Resources: https://www.ebiohippo.com/en/aav-actone-gpcr-assay-kits.html https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aaw5188 https://meducatmedical.com/what-is-continence/
Discussing two questions I received. At what time should you take Citicoline? Also, does it work for the nervous system? Please like, comment and share if you find value in this video. Also, please ask any questions you have about supplements. I'll do a video reply as soon as possible.
Going over the taste of Ghost Energy Welch's Grape drink. Please like, comment and share if you find value in this video. Also, let me know of any supplements you'd like me to review.
Complete review of  Ghost Energy Welch's Grape flavored drink. Please like, comment and share if you find value in this video. Also, let me know of any supplements you'd like me to review.
Discussing the vitamins in Ghost Lifestyle's Ghost Energy Welch's Grape flavored drink. Please like, comment and share if you find value in this video. Also, let me know of any supplements you'd like me to review.
This video covers the sixth ingredient of Ghost Lifestyle's Ghost Energy Welch's Grape flavored drink. Please like, comment and share if you find value in this video. Also, let me know of any supplements you'd like me to review.
This video covers the fifth ingredient of Ghost Lifestyle's Ghost Energy Welch's Grape flavored drink. Please like, comment and share if you find value in this video. Also, let me know of any supplements you'd like me to review.
This video covers the fourth ingredient of Ghost Lifestyle's Ghost Energy Welch's Grape flavored drink. Please like, comment and share if you find value in this video. Also, let me know of any supplements you'd like me to review.
This video covers the third ingredient of Ghost Lifestyle's Ghost Energy Welch's Grape flavored drink. Please like, comment and share if you find value in this video. Also, let me know of any supplements you'd like me to review. #supplements #supplementreview
This video covers the second ingredient of Ghost Energy Welch's Grape flavored drink. Please like, comment and share if you find value in this video. Also, let me know of any supplements you'd like me to review.
Welcome to the first supplement review of this channel. This video covers the first ingredient of Ghost Energy Welch's Grape flavored drink. Please like, comment and share if you find value in this video. Also, let me know of any supplements you'd like me to review.
Replying to a comment I received asking how to decrease Choline intake. Disclaimer: This video is strictly for educational purposes. It is not a substitute for seeking professional medical help. Have Questions/ Comments? I can answer them in an upcoming episode. Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/howardsblend/ TikTok https://www.tiktok.com/@howardsblend Send me an email smbsupps@gmail.com Resources: https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Choline-HealthProfessional/#h3 https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/dietary-factors/L-carnitine#food-sources https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10302777/
Replying to a question on whether or not Choline is good or bad to take? The answer in this episode details 3 positive and 3 possible negative side effects of Choline. Disclaimer: This video is strictly for educational purposes. It is not a substitute for seeking professional medical help. Interested in SMB Pre-Workout? Head over to https://smb-nutrition.myshopify.com/ Have Questions/ Comments? I can answer them in an upcoming episode. Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/howardsblend/ TikTok https://www.tiktok.com/@smbnutrition Send me an email smbsupps@gmail.com Resources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557825/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK11143/#:~:text=Acetylcholine%20is%20synthesized%20in%20nerve,as%20one%20of%20its%20transmitters. https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/other-nutrients/choline#:~:text=Major%20source%20of%20methyl%20groups&text=In%20the%20mitochondrial%20inner%20membrane,or%20the%20cytosol%20(2). https://molmed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s10020-021-00380-6 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK555909/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459227/ https://www.translationalres.com/article/S1931-5244(20)30203-6/fulltext https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7865740/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2992803/ Image Resources: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Chemical-structure-of-choline-phosphocholine-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine-and_fig2_275472542 https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hyperhidrosis/multimedia/sweat-glands/img-20007980
Discussing the possible benefits of magnesium glycinate on anxiety. Disclaimer: This video is strictly for educational purposes. It is not a substitute for seeking professional medical help. Interested in SMB Pre-Workout? Head over to https://smb-nutrition.myshopify.com/ Have Questions/ Comments? I can answer them in an upcoming episode. Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/howardsblend/ TikTok https://www.tiktok.com/@smbnutrition Send me an email smbsupps@gmail.com Resources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4455825/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5926493/#:~:text=Magnesium%20(Mg2%2B)%20has,pressure%20%5B1%2C%202%5D. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/drugs/20745-magnesium-citrate-solution https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/#h3tauto https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/magnesium/ https://mcpress.mayoclinic.org/nutrition-fitness/magnesium-glycinate-is-this-supplement-helpful-for-you/ https://openbooks.lib.msu.edu/introneuroscience1/chapter/neurotransmitter-synthesis-storage-and-receptors-amino-acid-neurotransmitters-glutamate-gaba-glycine/ https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/Virginia_Tech_Carilion_School_of_Medicine/Neuroscience_for_Pre-Clinical_Students/01%3A_Chapters/1.02%3A_Neurotransmitters_-_ACh_Glutamate_GABA_and_Glycine https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Inorganic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_and_Websites_(Inorganic_Chemistry)/Descriptive_Chemistry/Elements_Organized_by_Block/1_s-Block_Elements/Group__2_Elements%3A_The_Alkaline_Earth_Metals/1Group_2%3A_Chemical_Reactions_of_Alkali_Earth_Metals/The_Solubility_of_the_Hydroxides_Sulfates_and_Carbonates https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7911806/ https://study.com/academy/lesson/the-lumen-intestinal-arterial-cellular.html https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/25121-laxatives https://www.drugs.com/dosage/magnesium-oxide.html https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2407766/ https://www.pharmavit.eu/magnesium-glycinate-bisglycinate/#:~:text=Magnesium%20Glycinate%2C%20also%20known%20as,709%20mg%20of%20magnesium%20glycinate. https://www.thoughtco.com/difference-between-organic-and-inorganic-603912 https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/drug-solubility#:~:text=Drug%20molecules%20are%20required%20to,delay%20or%20limit%20drug%20absorption. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2407766/#:~:text=Magnesium%20oxide%20was%20virtually%20insoluble,all%20states%20of%20acid%20secretion. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Magnesium-Chloride https://www.vedantu.com/chemistry/magnesium-chloride https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/trpm6/ https://synapse.patsnap.com/blog/how-does-drug-solubility-affect-drug-delivery https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Magnesium-Chloride https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2009/0715/p157.html https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7538855/#:~:text=Amino%20acids%20are%20transported%20by,luminal%20side%20of%20the%20BBB. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5652077/ https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Book%3A_General_Biology_(Boundless)/05%3A_Structure_and_Function_of_Plasma_Membranes/5.08%3A_Passive_Transport_-_Osmosis https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10534-021-00328-7 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cen.14350 https://www.chem.fsu.edu/chemlab/chm1046course/solubility.html
Replying to a question about magnesium and supplementation. Interested in SMB Pre-Workout? Head over to https://smb-nutrition.myshopify.com/ Have Questions/ Comments? I can answer them in an upcoming episode. Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/howardsblend/ TikTok https://www.tiktok.com/@smbnutrition Send me an email smbsupps@gmail.com Resources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4455825/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5926493/#:~:text=Magnesium%20(Mg2%2B)%20has,pressure%20%5B1%2C%202%5D. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/drugs/20745-magnesium-citrate-solution https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/#h3tauto https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/magnesium/ https://mcpress.mayoclinic.org/nutrition-fitness/magnesium-glycinate-is-this-supplement-helpful-for-you/ https://openbooks.lib.msu.edu/introneuroscience1/chapter/neurotransmitter-synthesis-storage-and-receptors-amino-acid-neurotransmitters-glutamate-gaba-glycine/ https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/Virginia_Tech_Carilion_School_of_Medicine/Neuroscience_for_Pre-Clinical_Students/01%3A_Chapters/1.02%3A_Neurotransmitters_-_ACh_Glutamate_GABA_and_Glycine https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Inorganic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_and_Websites_(Inorganic_Chemistry)/Descriptive_Chemistry/Elements_Organized_by_Block/1_s-Block_Elements/Group__2_Elements%3A_The_Alkaline_Earth_Metals/1Group_2%3A_Chemical_Reactions_of_Alkali_Earth_Metals/The_Solubility_of_the_Hydroxides_Sulfates_and_Carbonates https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7911806/ https://study.com/academy/lesson/the-lumen-intestinal-arterial-cellular.html https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/25121-laxatives https://www.drugs.com/dosage/magnesium-oxide.html https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2407766/ https://www.pharmavit.eu/magnesium-glycinate-bisglycinate/#:~:text=Magnesium%20Glycinate%2C%20also%20known%20as,709%20mg%20of%20magnesium%20glycinate. https://www.thoughtco.com/difference-between-organic-and-inorganic-603912 https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/drug-solubility#:~:text=Drug%20molecules%20are%20required%20to,delay%20or%20limit%20drug%20absorption. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2407766/#:~:text=Magnesium%20oxide%20was%20virtually%20insoluble,all%20states%20of%20acid%20secretion. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Magnesium-Chloride https://www.vedantu.com/chemistry/magnesium-chloride https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/trpm6/ https://synapse.patsnap.com/blog/how-does-drug-solubility-affect-drug-delivery https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Magnesium-Chloride https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2009/0715/p157.html https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7538855/#:~:text=Amino%20acids%20are%20transported%20by,luminal%20side%20of%20the%20BBB. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5652077/ https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Book%3A_General_Biology_(Boundless)/05%3A_Structure_and_Function_of_Plasma_Membranes/5.08%3A_Passive_Transport_-_Osmosis https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10534-021-00328-7 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cen.14350 https://www.chem.fsu.edu/chemlab/chm1046course/solubility.html
Why do I sell SMB Preworkout for $10? This video explains why. Interested in SMB Pre-Workout? Head over to https://smb-nutrition.myshopify.com/ Have Questions/ Comments? I can answer them in an upcoming episode. Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/howardsblend/ TikTok https://www.tiktok.com/@smbnutrition Send me an email smbsupps@gmail.com
Replying to a comment asking what illness did I have. Interested in SMB Pre-Workout? Head over to https://smb-nutrition.myshopify.com/ Have Questions/ Comments? I can answer them in an upcoming episode. Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/howardsblend/ TikTok https://www.tiktok.com/@smbnutrition Send me an email smbsupps@gmail.com
Replying to a comment about sharing my back story. Interested in SMB Pre-Workout? Head over to https://smb-nutrition.myshopify.com/ Have Questions/ Comments? I can answer them in an upcoming episode. Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/howardsblend/ TikTok https://www.tiktok.com/@smbnutrition Send me an email smbsupps@gmail.com
Discussing my mistake with getting orders of Spirit, Mind, Body Nutrition's SMB Pre-Workout shipped out to several customers. More importantly, what I did to prevent this in the future. Have Questions/ Comments? I can answer them in an upcoming episode. Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/howardsblend/ TikTok https://www.tiktok.com/@smbnutrition Send me an email smbsupps@gmail.com Interested in SMB Pre-Workout? Head over to https://smb-nutrition.myshopify.com/
Answering a question about the "best" form / brand of Choline for pregnancy. This episode is for educational purposes only. Please consult a healthcare professional for specific recommendations for your particular needs. Have Questions/ Comments? I can answer them in an upcoming episode. Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/howardsblend/ TikTok https://www.tiktok.com/@smbnutrition Send me an email smbsupps@gmail.com Interested in SMB Pre-Workout? Head over to https://smb-nutrition.myshopify.com/
From a chat I had with Lea Meakin on his podcast, The Conversation Junkie. Discuss my three tips for someone looking to lose weight / gain muscle. Watch the entire chat here... https://youtu.be/9ALY5HgmO6E?si=bE29lu9uASgyC2jv Have Questions/ Comments? I can answer them in an upcoming episode. Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/howardsblend/ TikTok https://www.tiktok.com/@smbnutrition You can email me: howard@howardsblend.com Looking to take your workout to the next level?? Give SMB Pre-Workout a try by going to.... https://smbnutrition.com/products/smb-preworkout Use code hahomes for an additional 15% Off
Clip from the Conversation Junkie Podcast with Lea Meakin Discussing my take on pre-workout supplements, free weights vs machines and yelling when lifting Watch the entire chat here... https://youtu.be/9ALY5HgmO6E?si=bE29lu9uASgyC2jv Have Questions/ Comments? I can answer them in an upcoming episode. Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/howardsblend/ TikTok https://www.tiktok.com/@smbnutrition You can email me: howard@howardsblend.com Looking to take your workout to the next level?? Give SMB Pre-Workout a try by going to.... https://smbnutrition.com/products/smb-preworkout Use code hahomes for an additional 15% Off
Couple of segments from a chat I had with Lea Meakin on his podcast, The Conversation Junkie. Building big arms is the first. I go way overboard with my answer (as I tend to do). Who was/is the most "analytical" with their training is the second. Watch the entire chat here... https://youtu.be/9ALY5HgmO6E?si=bE29lu9uASgyC2jv Have Questions/ Comments? I can answer them in an upcoming episode. Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/howardsblend/ TikTok https://www.tiktok.com/@smbnutrition You can email me: howard@howardsblend.com Looking to take your workout to the next level?? Give SMB Pre-Workout a try by going to.... https://smbnutrition.com/products/smb-preworkout Use code hahomes for an additional 15% Off
Clip from my appearance on The Conversation Junkie hosted by Lea Meakin Discuss our thoughts and intentions behind our podcasts. Watch the entire chat here... https://youtu.be/9ALY5HgmO6E?si=bE29lu9uASgyC2jv Have Questions/ Comments? I can answer them in an upcoming episode. Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/howardsblend/ TikTok https://www.tiktok.com/@smbnutrition You can email me: howard@howardsblend.com Looking to take your workout to the next level?? Give SMB Pre-Workout a try by going to.... https://smbnutrition.com/products/smb-preworkout Use code hahomes for an additional 15% Off
Clip from my appearance on The Conversation Junkie hosted by Lea Meakin Discuss diets, "being healthy while on a diet", and the conditioning of people to pursue instant gratification. Watch the entire chat here... https://youtu.be/9ALY5HgmO6E?si=bE29lu9uASgyC2jv Have Questions/ Comments? I can answer them in an upcoming episode. Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/howardsblend/ TikTok https://www.tiktok.com/@smbnutrition You can email me: howard@howardsblend.com Looking to take your workout to the next level?? Give SMB Pre-Workout a try by going to.... https://smbnutrition.com/products/smb-preworkout Use code rodney for an additional 15% Off
Clip from my appearance on The Conversation Junkie hosted by Lea Meakin Discuss standing out from the crowd. Watch the entire chat here... https://youtu.be/9ALY5HgmO6E?si=bE29lu9uASgyC2jv Have Questions/ Comments? I can answer them in an upcoming episode. Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/howardsblend/ TikTok https://www.tiktok.com/@howardsblend You can email me: howard@howardsblend.com Looking to take your workout to the next level?? Give SMB Pre-Workout a try by going to.... https://smbnutrition.com/products/smb-preworkout Use code rodney for an additional 15% Off.
Clip from my appearance on The Conversation Junkie hosted by Lea Meakin We discuss an huge question that everyone encounters at one time or another. What is the biggest problem that people face when it comes to taking a leap of faith? Watch the entire chat here... https://youtu.be/9ALY5HgmO6E?si=bE29lu9uASgyC2jv Have Questions/ Comments? I can answer them in an upcoming episode. Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/howardsblend/ TikTok https://www.tiktok.com/@howardsblend You can email me: howard@howardsblend.com Looking to take your workout to the next level?? Give SMB Pre-Workout a try by going to.... https://smbnutrition.com/products/smb-preworkout Use code rodney for an additional 15% Off.
Clip from my appearance on The Conversation Junkie hosted by Lea Meakin We discuss what got my into fitness, supplements and why I procrastinated to start SMB Nutrition. Watch the entire chat here... https://youtu.be/9ALY5HgmO6E?si=bE29lu9uASgyC2jv Have Questions/ Comments? I can answer them in an upcoming episode. Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/howardsblend/ TikTok https://www.tiktok.com/@howardsblend You can email me: howard@howardsblend.com Looking to take your workout to the next level?? Give SMB Pre-Workout a try by going to.... https://smbnutrition.com/products/smb-preworkout Use code mjpodcast for an additional 15% Off.
Clip from my appearance on The Conversation Junkie hosted by @LeaMeakin We discuss my experience starting and working to grow the supplement company. SMB Nutrition. Watch the entire chat here... https://youtu.be/9ALY5HgmO6E?si=bE29lu9uASgyC2jv Have Questions/ Comments? I can answer them in an upcoming episode. Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/howardsblend/ TikTok https://www.tiktok.com/@howardsblend You can email me: howard@howardsblend.com Looking to take your workout to the next level?? Give SMB Pre-Workout a try by going to.... https://smbnutrition.com/products/smb-preworkout For Labor Day 2023, get 50% off the product. Can also use code mjpodcast for an additional 15% Off.
Final clip from the chat that I had with Marc Jeffrey and Kurt Powers. I was provided the opportunity to promote SMB Nutrition's SMB Pre-Workout. This includes that it doesn't cause an itchy backside. Listen to the entire chat here... https://themarcjeffreypodcastshow.libsyn.com/fitness-chat-gym-techniques-and-beyond-episode-220-kurt-powers-howard-blend Disclaimer: This is for educational purposes. This is not to be taken as a replacement for talking with a medical professional. Have Questions/ Comments? I can answer them in an upcoming episode. Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/howardsblend/ TikTok https://www.tiktok.com/@howardsblend You can email me: howard@howardsblend.com Looking to take your workout to the next level?? Give SMB Pre-Workout a try by going to.... https://smbnutrition.com/products/smb-preworkout Use code mjpodcast for 15% Off.
A clip from a podcast I did with Marc Jeffrey and Kurt Powers. We discuss the following in this clip. Do social media/photoshop have a negative effect on the fitness industry? How dangerous is bodybuilding? Is there a difference between bodybuilding and powerlifting with regards to training? Listen to the entire chat here... https://themarcjeffreypodcastshow.libsyn.com/fitness-chat-gym-techniques-and-beyond-episode-220-kurt-powers-howard-blend Disclaimer: This is for educational purposes. This is not to be taken as a replacement for talking with a medical professional. Have Questions/ Comments? I can answer them in an upcoming episode. Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/howardsblend/ TikTok https://www.tiktok.com/@howardsblend You can email me: howard@howardsblend.com Looking to take your workout to the next level? Give SMB Pre-Workout a try by going to.... https://smbnutrition.com/products/smb-preworkout Use code Joshua for 15% Off.
A clip from a podcast I did with Marc Jeffrey and Kurt Powers. We discuss several topics in this video. One of them is my two cents on a topic Kurt brought up in an earlier podcast with Marc. Essentially, do pre-workouts work? Listen to the entire chat here... https://themarcjeffreypodcastshow.libsyn.com/fitness-chat-gym-techniques-and-beyond-episode-220-kurt-powers-howard-blend Disclaimer: This is for educational purposes. This is not to be taken as a replacement for talking with a medical professional. Have Questions/ Comments? I can answer them in an upcoming episode. Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/howardsblend/ TikTok https://www.tiktok.com/@howardsblend You can email me: howard@howardsblend.com Looking to take your workout to the next level?? Give SMB Pre-Workout a try by going to.... https://smbnutrition.com/products/smb-preworkout Use code Antony for 15% Off.
A clip from a podcast I did with Marc Jeffrey and Kurt Powers. Discussing Kurt and I's thoughts on using performance enhancing substances. Listen to the entire chat here... https://themarcjeffreypodcastshow.libsyn.com/fitness-chat-gym-techniques-and-beyond-episode-220-kurt-powers-howard-blend Disclaimer: This is for educational purposes. This is not to be taken as a replacement for talking with a medical professional. Have Questions/ Comments? I can answer them in an upcoming episode. Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/howardsblend/ TikTok https://www.tiktok.com/@howardsblend You can email me: howard@howardsblend.com Looking to take your workout to the next level?? Give SMB Pre-Workout a try by going to.... https://smbnutrition.com/products/smb-preworkout Use code Bebe for 15% Off.
A clip from a podcast I did with Marc Jeffrey and Kurt Powers. Discussing my nutrition when I was ill in response to Kurt's inquiry from his experience helping people with diet and training. That get us into chatting about people following fad diets. Listen to the entire chat here... https://themarcjeffreypodcastshow.libsyn.com/fitness-chat-gym-techniques-and-beyond-episode-220-kurt-powers-howard-blend Disclaimer: This is not to be taken as a replacement for talking with a medical professional. Have Questions/ Comments? I can answer them in an upcoming episode. Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/howardsblend/ TikTok https://www.tiktok.com/@howardsblend You can email me: howard@howardsblend.com Looking to take your workout to the next level?? Give SMB Pre-Workout a try by going to.... https://smbnutrition.com/products/smb-preworkout Use code Shaofitness for 15% Off.
Diving into how I started SMB Nutrition. Then, Kurt Powers talks about protein powders and processed foods, and how someone can take the idea of avoiding them too far. Listen to the entire chat here... https://themarcjeffreypodcastshow.libsyn.com/fitness-chat-gym-techniques-and-beyond-episode-220-kurt-powers-howard-blend Disclaimer: This is not to be taken as a replacement for talking with a medical professional. Have Questions/ Comments? I can answer them in an upcoming episode. Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/howardsblend/ TikTok https://www.tiktok.com/@howardsblend You can email me: howard@howardsblend.com Looking to take your workout to the next level?? Give SMB Pre-Workout a try by going to.... https://smbnutrition.com/products/smb-preworkout Use code Hahomes for 15% Off.
Replying to a question I received. Which brand of choline supplement do I recommend? Disclaimer: This is not to be taken as a replacement for talking with a medical professional. Have Questions/ Comments? I can answer them in an upcoming episode. Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/howardsblend/ TikTok https://www.tiktok.com/@howardsblend You can email me: howard@howardsblend.com Looking to take your workout to the next level?? Give SMB Pre-Workout a try by going to.... https://smbnutrition.com/ Use code Rodney for 15% off.
Clip from a great discussion I had with Marc Jeffrey and Kurt Powers on The Marc Jeffrey Podcast Show. Talking about me being diagnosed with osteoporosis in my early thirties and what I'm doing to treat it. Listen to the entire podcast here. https://open.spotify.com/episode/5gXI9cTsu1VJTJHrSN8rdt?si=_70j_rnMTpyihmWlLDsEcg Have Questions/ Comments? I can answer them in an upcoming episode. Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/howardsblend/ TikTok https://www.tiktok.com/@howardsblend You can email me: howard@howardsblend.com Looking to take your workout to the next level?? Give SMB Pre-Workout a try by going to.... https://smbnutrition.com/ Use code MJpodcast for 15% off.
Due to this being a phone interview and to avoid potential copyright issues, I created this video of the interview. I was provided the opportunity to promote SMB Nutrition. I enjoy talking with people, so please reach out if you want to chat. Have Questions/ Comments? I can answer them in an upcoming episode. Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/howardsblend/ or https://www.instagram.com/smbnutritionco/ TikTok https://www.tiktok.com/@howardsblend You can email me: howard@howardsblend.com Looking to take your workout to the next level?? Give SMB Pre-Workout a try by going to.... https://smbnutrition.com/ For a limited time, get 40% off every bottle of SMB Pre-Workout.
Go over three tips that I use when training in the Texas summer heat. This was inspired by my friend and great podcaster/wild camper Mr. Marc Jeffrey. Check out his work here... https://www.youtube.com/ @marcjeffreypresents Have Questions/ Comments? I can answer them in an upcoming episode. Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/howardsblend/ or https://www.instagram.com/smbnutritionco/ TikTok https://www.tiktok.com/@howardsblend You can email me: howard@howardsblend.com Looking to take your workout to the next level?? Give SMB Pre-Workout a try by going to.... https://smbnutrition.com/ For a limited time, get 40% off every bottle of SMB Pre-Workout.
Interview with Mr. Brandon Berry. He shares his story of addiction and how he's recovering. We also dive into a podcast he's been working on, and of course his supplement regimen. Follow Brandon on Instagram https://www.instagram.com/brndntbrry/ Have Questions/ Comments? I can answer them in an upcoming episode. Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/howardsblend/ or https://www.instagram.com/smbnutritionco/ TikTok https://www.tiktok.com/@howardsblend You can email me: howard@howardsblend.com Looking to take your workout to the next level?? Give SMB Pre-Workout a try by going to.... https://smbnutrition.com/ Use code HaHomes for 15% off your purchase.
My 2 cents on talking negatively about other companies in the same industry. I mention the interview I had with Mr. Cory Tolar. He's the link to it. https://spotifyanchor-web.app.link/e/YTgLENraszb Have Questions/ Comments? I can answer them in an upcoming episode. Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/howardsblend/ or https://www.instagram.com/smbnutritionco/ TikTok https://www.tiktok.com/@howardsblend You can email me: howard@howardsblend.com Looking to take your workout to the next level?? Give SMB Pre-Workout a try by going to.... https://smbnutrition.com/ Use code Hahomes, Shaofitness, Axel or Mjpodcast for 10% off your purchase.
Three tips to consider before joining a gym. Have Questions/ Comments? I can answer them in an upcoming episode. Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/howardsblend/ or https://www.instagram.com/smbnutritionco/ TikTok https://www.tiktok.com/@howardsblend You can email me: howard@howardsblend.com Looking to take your workout to the next level?? Give SMB Pre-Workout a try by going to.... https://smbnutrition.com/ Use code Hahomes, Shaofitness, Axel or Mjpodcast for 10% off your purchase.
Responding to a question I received on Instagram. How's your pre-workout different than other ones? Check out a previously released full episode, Two Benefits Of Non Stims https://youtu.be/5y8RXJCdaII Have Questions/ Comments? I can answer them in an upcoming episode. Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/howardsblend/ or https://www.instagram.com/smbnutritionco/ TikTok https://www.tiktok.com/@howardsblend You can email me: howard@howardsblend.com Looking to take your workout to the next level?? Give SMB Pre-Workout a try by going to.... https://smbnutrition.com/ Use code Hahomes, Shaofitness or Axel for 10% off your purchase.