Podcasts about tcam

Ready for more routing and routing protocols? Today we discuss the roles of the network operating system (NOS), routing protocols, the Routing Information Base (RIB), and the Forwarding Information Base (FIB). We also include the dynamics of routing protocols, the importance of hardware like TCAM for performance, and the concept of administrative distance or route... Read more »

Ready for more routing and routing protocols? Today we discuss the roles of the network operating system (NOS), routing protocols, the Routing Information Base (RIB), and the Forwarding Information Base (FIB). We also include the dynamics of routing protocols, the importance of hardware like TCAM for performance, and the concept of administrative distance or route... Read more »

Today we metaphorically pop open the hood of switches and routers, taking a look at the mechanics of how they work. We cover the three states: configuration, operational, and forwarding. We talk RIB and FIB, along with CAM, TCAM, and MPLS. We also cover line rate, port-to-port latency, and buffers. Whether it's been awhile since... Read more »

Today we metaphorically pop open the hood of switches and routers, taking a look at the mechanics of how they work. We cover the three states: configuration, operational, and forwarding. We talk RIB and FIB, along with CAM, TCAM, and MPLS. We also cover line rate, port-to-port latency, and buffers. Whether it's been awhile since... Read more »

Today we metaphorically pop open the hood of switches and routers, taking a look at the mechanics of how they work. We cover the three states: configuration, operational, and forwarding. We talk RIB and FIB, along with CAM, TCAM, and MPLS. We also cover line rate, port-to-port latency, and buffers. Whether it's been awhile since... Read more »

Bryan and Adam are joined by a number of members of the Oxide networking team to talk about the networking software that drives the Oxide rack. It turns out that rack-scale networking is hard... and has enormous benefits!We've been hosting a live show weekly on Mondays at 5p for about an hour, and recording them all; here is the recording from February 27th, 2023.In addition to Bryan Cantrill and Adam Leventhal, speakers included Ryan Goodfellow, Levon Tarver, Ben Naecker, and Arjen Roodselaar.Links Intel Tofino Series P4 (programming language) - Wikipedia p4lang/p4c: P4_16 reference compiler oxidecomputer/p4: A P4 compiler The quote crate: Rust quasi-quoting RIFT WG - Routing In Fat Trees | IETF Community Wiki Here's (much of) the live chat from the show: ahl https://github.com/oxidecomputer/oxide-and-friends/blob/master/2021_11_29.md ahl That's the Sidecar switch episode bcantrill https://p4.org/ admchl What does "at line rate" mean? Riking Line rate = As fast as the packets could possibly come. 1Gbit, 10Gbit, 100Gbit, etc admchl Do you need ASICs to hit that speed? I assume x86_64 is not going to be fast enough for these specialised operations? levon Yes, the Tofino 2 is the ASIC bcantrill You need ASICs bnaecker Yes, you really can't do these kinds of operations on a general purpose CPU. rng_drizzt Yeah, you need specialized silicon here. JustinAzoff Right, also often across all ports at the same time in both direction. a 48 port 10gbps switch will have a line rate of 960gbps (10 ** 48 ** 2) duckman So the advantage is being able to offload compute to the switch? bnaecker Yes, and specifically that you can separate the data plane (operations on the packets) from the control plane (decisions about what operations to allow or make). tahnok What's TCAM? levon Ternary Content Addressable Memory bnaecker https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content-addressable_memory#Ternary_CAMs ryaeng Sure beats logging into a number of Cisco switches and making changes at the console. admchl This is my favourite episode in a long time, this is all really fascinating. rng_drizzt the first Sidecar episode was nearly 1.5 years ago 🤯 , right after we cut the first rev levon That episode blew my mind duckman This sounds like a big deal on the scale of ebpf duckman Or bigger bnaecker It is extremely useful for understanding the processing pipelines. As long as you only run single-packet integration tests 🙂 od0 just want to go out and find things to write P4 code for JustinAzoff yeah one way to think about that sort of thing is that xdp can be used to run little programs on a nic, where p4 is kind of like that, but running on effectively a nic with 48+ ports bcantrill https://github.com/oxidecomputer/p4 SyntheticGate sidecar is the "codename" of our switch box SyntheticGate "gimlet" is our server sled bcantrill https://github.com/oxidecomputer/propolis wmf So you have P4 and OPTE in the hypervisor at the same time? bnaecker OPTE is in the host kernel. arjenroodselaar The P4 runtime Ry described only exists in the test bed, where it high level simulates the switches. OPTE is part of the production environment. arjenroodselaar The rough difference between P4 and OPTE is that P4 works on individual packets without much concept of a session (so it can't reason about TCP streams, packet order etc, so no firewall like functionality), while OPTE aims to operate on streams of packets. JustinAzoff So you can run 100 VMs on a test system and wire them up to your virtual switch compiled by x4c? arjenroodselaar Correct. bcantrill OPTE == Oxide Packet Transformation Engine admchl Gimlet? rng_drizzt Compute server rng_drizzt The Sidecar switch is actually just a PCIe peripheral to a Gimlet. bnaecker The Gimlet managing the Sidecar is often called a "Scrimlet" for "Sidecar attached Gimlet" Riking and "how do i reconfigure this giant network without hosing my ability to reconfigure this giant network" ShaunO can identify with that - we seriously struggle to keep our own products inter-operating, let alone anyone else's levon It can feel like a Sisyphean task. a172 Setup a much smaller/simpler network in parallel that is accessible from "not your network" that gets you to the management interface. levon It's a whole new world when you can look at the actual table definitions in P4 rng_drizzt Owning all the layers here is immensely beneficial levon Those DTrace probes have been very helpful bnaecker Those probes turned out to be everywhere. They are are in: SQL queries, HTTP queries, log messages, Propolis hypervisor state, virtual storage system, networking protocol messages, the P4 emulator, and probably more that I'm forgetting about. levon For those unfamiliar with the DTrace tool, or the rationale behind leveraging DTrace over other tracing / debugging tools: https://www.cs.princeton.edu/courses/archive/fall05/cos518/papers/dtrace.pdf bcantrill https://github.com/oxidecomputer/progenitor ahl some notes on rust codegen: https://github.com/ahl/codegen-template arjenroodselaar DDM! Bring us home! a172 it astonishes me how many "cloud" type architectures are built on v4 only or v4 first. a172 IPv6 is older than Wi-Fi a172 It solves real problems. PLEASE use it. nyanotech yessss finally someone realizes broadcast domains are also failure domains JustinAzoff the worst part of v6 is trying to run dual stack v4+v6, v6 only networks are fairly simple levon And the bigger the broadcast domain, the more irritating it is to troubleshoot it bcantrill "Hash and pray" arjenroodselaar FWIW while DDM is a cool thing we're building, one of the "simple" tasks Tofino does for us is NAT between the networks of our customers and their VPC networks they implement on our platform. arjenroodselaar Simple NAT is still surprisingly expensive and being able to do that at line rate is pretty nice. Riking TCP retransmits in steady state seems like an obvious observation point? arjenroodselaar Yes, you see TCP retransmits. arjenroodselaar But if you're running say Memcache over UDP and you get a sudden burst of incoming data as a result of a large number of cache queries you drop those packets (because the buffers can't keep up) and you see cache request timeouts. arjenroodselaar FB did some work on this about 10 years ago to avoid this ingest and dropped packets which hurt your p99 latency. Riking yeah smartnic is pushing the intelligence to the machine levon I know someone who basically polled all of the switches for buffer drops in an attempt to divine which paths were dropping packets due to micro-congestion admchl I feel like I'm in a secret society meeting learning The Hidden Truth behind Reality of The Network wmf I would argue if the entire hypervisor is on the smart NIC then you're no worse off than the Oxide architecture a172 I once stumbled on a bug where the vendor's custom protocol for monitoring (because snmp/syslog just cant keep up) had a trace log on the process, that could not be turned off. Some sort of race condition enabled it, and it happened on 1/3 of system boots. It was ~20k logs/s, iirc. a172 (im going to look up those numbers) levon I haven't worked with a SmartNIC fast enough to do this well JustinAzoff We use a FPGA Nic in our products for fast packet capturing. the service that bootstraps it had an issue that caused it to log an error... for every single packet... JustinAzoff that managed to log the same error something like 250,000 times a second arjenroodselaar The problem with SmartNICs is that their power features are way less advanced than the power scaling that x86 CPUs do. So you either run them or you don't, and they come with a 50-75W penalty. Unless you can really get useful work done for that 50W budget, a x86 CPU is much more flexible. arjenroodselaar What we really want is an AMD Epyc SoC with some amount of FPGA fabric That would let you build whatever makes sense there while still having much of the flexibility with respect to how/where you consume power. a172 It was enough to mess us up. 250k would have killed us even faster. JustinAzoff Yeah, it happily wrote that error message until the multi TB data array filled up. We reworked how log rate limiting and log rotation worked after that a172 I was mostly amused that the process that the process that existed because snmp/syslog couldn't keep up was getting a syslog for every iteration of a loop in the process a172 of course, if you are sending a packet for every packet you send, that sounds like it quickly becomes an exponential problem. JustinAzoff and to circle back around, this was code inside of the vendor SDK, that is not open source, that we couldn't fix ourselves. it's one of the only components of our system that we don't control. i wish we had our own NIC (that would probably run something like p4) levon And thus, this is how we become the way we are (at Oxide) a172 ours was on production network hardware (wireless controller). There is no hope of having source or any insight true observability into it. (edit: saying there was no insight is a little harsh) JustinAzoff one thing that came up before was if p4 was like ebpf.. there's actually a ebpf backend for p4 that supports some of the features: https://github.com/p4lang/p4c/blob/main/backends/ebpf/README.md bcantrill Thanks, all! If we got something wrong or missed something, please file a PR! Our next show will likely be on Monday at 5p Pacific Time on our Discord server; stay tuned to our Mastodon feeds for details, or subscribe to this calendar. We'd love to have you join us, as we always love to hear from new speakers!

Ed Horley (of IPv6 Buzz podcast fame) listened to the last show about point to point addressing and hit me up to say "Hey! You're doing it wrong!", and since there is never a bad opportunity to learn from the masters and improve, John and I said "great, let's do another show! And this time we'll bring along Jay and Chris! Listen in as we wander through a lot of interesting facts about TCAM, RFCs, and deployment models.

Artist - Track Title - Label Decon - Foundations - Jazzsticks Recordings E-Z Rollers - Retro (Guardians Of D'alliance Remix) - Moving Shadow Paul SG - Yume - Jazzsticks Recordings E-Z Rollers - Droppin' Science (E-Z Remix) - Moving Shadow Subreachers - Nomomu - Next Phase Records South - Georgia Landing (Omni Trio Remix) - Poncho Syncline and Zero Gravity - Journey - Jazzsticks Recordings Dave Wallace - Waves - Moving Shadow Adam F - Dirty Harry - Astralwerks Joint Venture - Take Away - Liftin' Spirit Records Roni Size & Cypress Hill - Child Of The Wild West - Immortal Records SPKTRM - Down SC - AGN7 Audio Madcap - South Of The River - Jazzsticks Recordings Workforce - Reasons - 1985 Music Abstract Drumz & Peeb - Bloom - Cause4Concern Recordings Workforce - Don t Tell (Part II) - 1985 Music Blacklab - The Vow - Future Retro Records In:Most - Back To The Sun (feat. Ruth Royall) - Soulvent Records Galactus Jack - 100 (Bcee Remix) - Future Retro Records Survival & Script - Prang - Dispatch Recordings SoulTec - Blues (Original mix) - Midnight Sun Recordings Jrumhand - Don't Be Scared (Original Mix) - Soul Deep Dexcell - Pacifica - Future Retro Records Artsea - Slow Shutter - Future Retro Records Duskee and Joakuim - 8 Am Roller (Duskee's Freestyle Version) - Fokuz Recordings Duskee & SL8R - Evolving - Shogun Audio - Ted Nelson at the first Hackers Conference - Villem & Zero T - Talk Loud feat Duskee - MURKT Umax and Pyxis - 1978 - Four Corners Koop - Waltz For Koop (Dj Patife Remix) - Need For Mirrors - Lambo (Original Mix) - V Recordings John B, Digital - Moruga - Metalheadz DJ Sofa - Digital Evolution (Original mix) - Midnight Sun Recordings Abstract Drumz & Peeb - Re-Past - Cause4Concern Recordings Need For Mirrors feat. Oli Lewis - Yam - V Recordings Need For Mirrors - Slipped - V Recordings SMB - Sinners - Four Corners Stay-C - Russian Doll - Hospital Records Screamarts - Is This Even Real - Rebel Music Fox, DLR & Alix Perez - Walk Out (Radio Edit) - The North Quarter Artsea - Born To Thrive - Future Retro Records Spiritual Voices - Triangle - Onset Audio Horde (ft. Kripsy) - Melancholic Lurker (Original Mix) - Impact Music Sublimit and Jabaru - Trapped - Dispatch Recordings Horde - Focused (Original Mix) - Impact Music Leks - Wall Walking - Four Corners tunnl vision - Speedhack - ProgRam Andrax - SedAction - Hyperactivity Music Koax - Super Acid - Four Corners Acuna and Madrush MC - Babylon System (Instrumental Mix) - Audio Addict Abstr4ct - Got - Dutty Audio Yatuza & Asura - Rolloz - Murky Digital Tweakz - Well Yeah - Four Corners G.P.M - Rolling Up - South Yard Screamarts - Back In The Day - Rebel Music Payback - Play It (Original Mix) - Smooth N Groove JazzInspired - Stay Tuned (Original mix) - Midnight Sun Recordings Bluez & Bronco - Inspire Me (Original mix) - Midnight Sun Recordings Screamarts - Yume - Rebel Music Paul SG and Soulstructure - Walking Notes (Original Mix) - Jazzsticks Recordings Dvice One and LNO - Eyes - Four Corners Abstract Drumz - The Answer - Cause4Concern Recordings Abstract Drumz - Nothing Changes - Cause4Concern Recordings Kazbo and Decon - When We First Met - Jazzsticks Recordings Aquasky - Moondance (Remaster) - Passenger

It's the final episode of the season and the crew (Coacha, TWil and TCam, along with volunteer coach Christian Conrad) go over their recent NCAA exams, chat about the virtual season, celebrate some Coviee Awards (ESPYs during COVID) and chat about summer plans. They also discuss the current Black Lives Matter movement and the protests for equality and against police brutality. ARE YOU SERIOUS?! topics range from friends at Publix to youth sport parents, as well as children's skills with technology. Thanks again to everyone who listens and follows along! We love you all and will definitely be back in the fall and may make some bonus podcasts during the summer. Go Noles!

The first podcast from the Russ and Genie Morcom Conference Room and the crew chats about golf, sports betting, the extended NCAA dead period and some favorite off the field moments from the WCWS over the years. During ARE YOU SERIOUS?!, we check in with Coacha's new job as the Publix Aisle Direction Enforcer, learn about a new book TWil is reading with his family, and find out how a T-shirt cost TCam over $1,200.

ARE YOU SERIOUS?!?!?! The normal podcast crew of Coacha, TWil and TCam are joined by the rest of the office – Kristin Tubeck (Director of Ops), Kylee Hanson (Assistant Director of Ops) and Christian Conrad (Volunteer Coach) to give some insight to how FSU softball is handling the coronavirus outbreak, from big picture issues to small things to funny adventures and everything in between.

As professionals of making adjustments, the crew of Coacha, TWil and TCam are without an audio system and a moderator this week, but still give a great update on Seminole Softball, chat about the NCAA RPI and growing the game, with some ARE YOU SERIOUS?! topics scattered throughout. The Noles head to UF tonight before beginning Spring Break on the road throughout the states of North and South Carolina.

Cam Tracewell is my guest.  He hosts TCAM Sports Podcast   https://tcamsports.com/

Even though we didn’t play this week, we have a lot of great content in the podcast, with topics such as: What is leadership? What are upsets? And what could have possibly bruised TCam’s ego this morning?

The final podcast of 2019 as Coacha, TWil and TCam wrap up a successful FSU Winter Camp, as well as the NFCA Convention, and get ready for the holidays. See you all in 2020!

We are over an hour this week on the podcast as Coacha, TWil and TCam chat about Thanksgiving, our Winter Camp and heading to the NFCA Convention. The transfer portal shows up again in the ARE YOU SERIOUS?! segment, along with eating frogs, and the grind of the MiLB. Also, a bonus preview of the Staff Holiday Party present swap.

Full team practice and games have begun in Tallahassee and Coacha, TWil and TCam breakdown our trip to Georgia, both on and off the field. The crew also chats about the selection of the Team USA Olympic Team, and are joined by special guest Kaleigh Rafter for her insights on the process and international softball. A couple of fun ARE YOU SERIOUS?! topics, including adjusting to new technology and how teams handle family time on the road.

The crew is back together and fall practice has begun! TCam is a gold medalist and Coacha and TWil give some updates about the FSU softball program, both on and off the field. ARE YOU SERIOUS?! almost goes off the rails, and almost turns into a therapy session, but is well worth the listen. As always, send in questions or comments to fsusoftballpodcast@gmail.com. Go Noles!

School is back in session and Team 37 is preparing to get after it with fall practice. The crew (Coacha, TWil and TCam) chat about the first impressions of the team, the WBSC Olympic Qualifier and all of the fun around September 1 (due to the new recruiting rules). And, as always, some great ARE YOU SERIOUS?! topics, including TWil's Beauty Tips. Send comments, questions or any general feedback to fsusoftballpodcast@gmail.com. Go Noles!

Suzie Bliss goes for a walk around Edinburgh’s The Meadows with Tcam’s Mark Little. She uncovers Little’s fascinating career from accountant and qualified South African game ranger to fund manager before settling in the private client investment management world.

Moments. Eine Geschichte der Performance in 10 Akten | Artist Talk Exhibition 08.03.2012 – 29.04.2012 In 1968 Graciela Carnevale took part in the Ciclo de Arte Experimental, organized by the art group of the same name, with “Acción del Encierroa”: without being informed in advance, the public was locked in the exhibition space for over an hour. In other words, she took prisoners. A glass front facing outward provided a view into the inside of the neutral space, structured as a White Cube, to the incarcerated visitors. Carnevale, who had been working with minimalist works from the radius of the “primary structures” since the mid-1960s, later increasingly turned to a practice of art understood as emancipatory and political; for example, in the capitalism critical movement “Tcamán Arde”, the archive of which Carnevale had organized. In Moments, Carnevale’s work not only stands for a radical concept of the construction of public and witness, but, together with the archives, no less for a radical questioning of the possibility to present actions and political art in the museum context, accessible to the present. Short Biography As member of the artist’s group “Grupo de Artistas de Vanguardia”, Graciela Carnevale (* 1942 in Marcos Juárez, Argentinien) participated in conceptual exhibitions and demonstrations against established art in the years between 1965 and 1969. Carnevale also worked in connection with the political-activist movement “Tucumán Arde”, and archived their actions. From 1994 in the collective “Grupo Patrimonio” she has held exhibitions, actions and interventions in urban spaces. Her artistic approach – represented by works in major collections in Latin America, as well as in MoMA, New York or MACBA, Barcelona and that, among others, could be viewed at the documenta 12 in Kassel – focusses on social questions and art as an ethical attitude.

Moments. Eine Geschichte der Performance in 10 Akten | Artist Talk Exhibition 08.03.2012 – 29.04.2012 In 1968 Graciela Carnevale took part in the Ciclo de Arte Experimental, organized by the art group of the same name, with “Acción del Encierroa”: without being informed in advance, the public was locked in the exhibition space for over an hour. In other words, she took prisoners. A glass front facing outward provided a view into the inside of the neutral space, structured as a White Cube, to the incarcerated visitors. Carnevale, who had been working with minimalist works from the radius of the “primary structures” since the mid-1960s, later increasingly turned to a practice of art understood as emancipatory and political; for example, in the capitalism critical movement “Tcamán Arde”, the archive of which Carnevale had organized. In Moments, Carnevale’s work not only stands for a radical concept of the construction of public and witness, but, together with the archives, no less for a radical questioning of the possibility to present actions and political art in the museum context, accessible to the present. Short Biography As member of the artist’s group “Grupo de Artistas de Vanguardia”, Graciela Carnevale (* 1942 in Marcos Juárez, Argentinien) participated in conceptual exhibitions and demonstrations against established art in the years between 1965 and 1969. Carnevale also worked in connection with the political-activist movement “Tucumán Arde”, and archived their actions. From 1994 in the collective “Grupo Patrimonio” she has held exhibitions, actions and interventions in urban spaces. Her artistic approach – represented by works in major collections in Latin America, as well as in MoMA, New York or MACBA, Barcelona and that, among others, could be viewed at the documenta 12 in Kassel – focusses on social questions and art as an ethical attitude.

Regular expression (RegEx) matching is a core component of deep packet inspection in modern networking and security devices. Prior RegEx matching algorithms are either software-based or FPGA-based. Software-based solutions have to be implemented in customized ASIC chips to achieve high-speed, the limitations of which include high deployment cost and being hard-wired to a specific solution and thus limited ability to adapt to new RegEx matching solutions. Although FPGA-based solutions can be modified, resynthesizing and updating FPGA circuitry in a deployed system to handle RegEx updates is slow and difficult. In this talk, we present the first hardware-based RegEx matching solution that uses Ternary Content Addressable Memories (TCAMs), which are off-the-shelf chips and have been widely deployed in modern networking devices for packet classification. There are three main reasons why TCAM-based RegEx matching works well. First, a small TCAM is capable of encoding a large Deterministic Finite Automata (DFA) with carefully designed algorithms leveraging the ternary nature and first-match semantics of TCAMs. Second, TCAMs facilitate high-speed RegEx matching because TCAMs are essentially high-performance parallel lookup systems: any lookup takes constant time (i.e, a few CPU cycles) regardless of the number of occupied entries. Third, because TCAMs are off-the-shelf chips that are widely deployed in modern networking devices, it is easy to design networking devices that include our TCAM based RegEx matching solution. About the speaker: Alex X. Liu is currently an assistant professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at Michigan State University. He received his Ph.D. degree in Computer Science from The University of Texas at Austin in 2006. He received the IEEE & IFIP William C. Carter Award in 2004 and the National Science Foundation CAREER Award in 2009. His special research interests are in networking, security, and privacy. His general research interests include computer systems, distributed computing, and dependable systems.

Regular expression (RegEx) matching is a core component of deep packet inspection in modern networking and security devices. Prior RegEx matching algorithms are either software-based or FPGA-based. Software-based solutions have to be implemented in customized ASIC chips to achieve high-speed, the limitations of which include high deployment cost and being hard-wired to a specific solution and thus limited ability to adapt to new RegEx matching solutions. Although FPGA-based solutions can be modified, resynthesizing and updating FPGA circuitry in a deployed system to handle RegEx updates is slow and difficult. In this talk, we present the first hardware-based RegEx matching solution that uses Ternary Content Addressable Memories (TCAMs), which are off-the-shelf chips and have been widely deployed in modern networking devices for packet classification. There are three main reasons why TCAM-based RegEx matching works well. First, a small TCAM is capable of encoding a large Deterministic Finite Automata (DFA) with carefully designed algorithms leveraging the ternary nature and first-match semantics of TCAMs. Second, TCAMs facilitate high-speed RegEx matching because TCAMs are essentially high-performance parallel lookup systems: any lookup takes constant time (i.e, a few CPU cycles) regardless of the number of occupied entries. Third, because TCAMs are off-the-shelf chips that are widely deployed in modern networking devices, it is easy to design networking devices that include our TCAM based RegEx matching solution.