Podcasts about Infrastructure

#915 | Jamie and Ed dig into United's full-year 2025 results - headline number: record revenue of £666 million. That's the good news. The rest is a little murkier. They pick apart Sir Jim Ratcliffe and Omar Berrada's financial playbook, the Europa League bump that inflated the top line, and the bullish outlook for 2026. There's plenty of risk too - miss out on Europe again and the house of cards wobbles. The pod takes in transfer profits, debt and credit facilities, and whether the new regime can actually tame United's long-running addiction to commercial cash. Sponsorships are up, but so are the questions: how sustainable is this model if results on the pitch keep tanking? Finally, the lads look ahead to future reports, stadium and infrastructure investment, and what it all means for United's ability to compete in the market. Chapters 00:00 Introduction 03:27 Financial performance - revenue, profit, league impact 06:29 Debt position and the credit facility shuffle 10:53 Future outlook and 2026 guidance 14:46 Transfers, player sales, amortisation 17:59 Sponsorships and commercial deals 22:28 Infrastructure investment and future reports 27:46 Closing remarks If you are interested in supporting the show and accessing a weekly exclusive bonus episode, check out our Patreon page or subscribe on Apple Podcasts. Supporter funded episodes are ad-free. NQAT is available on all podcast apps and in video on YouTube. Hit that subscribe button, leave a rating and write a review on Apple or Spotify. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

The Ukrainians have ramped up strikes on Russian energy infrastructure, sending ripples through Russia's refining capacity and triggering fuel shortages. But what changes enabled this to occur?Join the Patreon here: https://www.patreon.com/PeterZeihanFull Newsletter: https://mailchi.mp/zeihan/ukraine-hammers-russian-oil-infrastructure

To get to the benefits that AI offers, organizations have to address their technology infrastructure in ways that are much broader than historical approaches. Senior analyst Greg Macatee joins host Eric Hanselman to delve into what's required and what enterprises are identifying in the recent Voice of the Enterprise AI and Machine Learning study. Enterprises are struggling with raising the success levels of AI projects. Over 60% report moderate to severe challenges in achieving AI success. Bringing together the computational power and the right quality data in the right locations can be complicated in the hybrid environments that more are operating. It's not just a matter of being more selective with use cases, AI requires a set of organizational skills that have to be honed. Starting small and iterating can reduce risk while building competency.  Infrastructure has to shift in new ways, as well. Data management processes that can build the necessary data pipelines to feed AI applications bring together a broader set of tech disciplines. There are new wrinkles in AI infrastructure ecosystems, with new providers looking to address supply chain constraints, like the Neocloud or GPU as a Service  (GPUaaS) providers. Even hyperscalers are looking to them to meet surging demand in a tight market. Those new options offer new choices, but enterprises need to match them with their AI goals. More S&P Global Content: Navigating the AI infrastructure landscape The path from LLMs to agentic AI Next in Tech | Ep. 225: Security for MCP For S&P Global Subscribers: AI infrastructure strategies evolve amid widespread data challenges – Highlights from VotE: AI & Machine Learning Generative AI Market Monitor & Forecast AI infrastructure: Trends, thoughts and a 2025 research agenda Credits: Host/Author: Eric Hanselman Guest: Greg Macatee Producer/Editor: Adam Kovalsky Published With Assistance From: Sophie Carr, Feranmi Adeoshun, Kyra Smith

Since 1951, when Tibet was formally annexed into the People's Republic of China, Tibet has been a battleground between China's efforts to assert control and the Tibetan people's struggle to preserve their cultural and religious identity. This past August, Xi Jinping made a surprise visit to Tibet, his second since becoming China's top leader in 2012. Less than two months earlier, the Dalai Lama, now 90 years old, announced that his office, not China, would choose his successor when he passes. A few months before that, the Dalai Lama revealed in a memoir that he would reincarnate outside of China. The PRC insists that the next incarnation – the 15th Dalai Lama – will be born inside PRC territory and approved by the Chinese government. What are Beijing's interests in Tibet and how has Xi Jinping pursued them since coming to power? What is likely to occur after the Dalai Lama's passing? I'm delighted to have as my guest today Tendor Dorjee. Tendor is an adjunct assistant professor of political science at Columbia University, a senior researcher at the Tibet Action Institute, and the inaugural Stephanie G Neuman Fellow at the Saltzman Institute of War and Peace Studies. He recently co-authored an article in Foreign Affairs titled Beijing's Dangerous Game in Tibet”.Timestamps[00:00] Start [02:08] Beijing's Key Interests in Tibet [04:06] Xi Jinping's Approach to Tibet [07:00] Internal and External Drivers of Tibet Policy [08:08] Xi's Recent Visit to Tibet [11:34] Infrastructure Developments and Expansionism  [15:27] Beijing's Succession Plans and Tibetan Reactions to a Future Dalai Lama [20:27] Risk of Unrest and Crackdowns [25:43] Implications for Neighboring States 

Your daily news in under three minutes. At Al Jazeera Podcasts, we want to hear from you, our listeners. So, please head to https://www.aljazeera.com/survey and tell us your thoughts about this show and other Al Jazeera podcasts. It only takes a few minutes! Connect with us: @AJEPodcasts on X, Instagram, Facebook, and YouTube

We got some interesting listener feedback from our series on OSPF, so today’s N Is for Networking is another “Well actually” episode where we dig into that feedback. In particular, we’ll cover a defense of OSPF multi-area deployments, and dig into OSPF LSA types. Episode Links: OSPF Basics – N Is For Networking Episode 38... Read more »

That Solo Life Episode 313: Strategies for Securing New PR Business in 2025 Episode Summary Karen and Michelle dive into optimistic data about the global growth of the PR industry and share strategic insights for solo practitioners looking to finish 2025 strong. Drawing from recent industry research, they explore emerging trends, niche specialization opportunities, and practical business development tactics that can help independent PR pros break through current market challenges and position themselves for future success. Episode Highlights PR Industry Growth Statistics (02:10) - Discussion of global PR industry expansion and what it means for solo practitioners Content Creation as Core Offering (03:06) - 76% of PR agencies now emphasize content strategy and creation services The Rise of Niche Specialization (04:18) - 37% of agencies focus on specialized industries like fintech and health tech Strategic Industry Targeting (05:40) - Identifying high-growth sectors with future potential, including infrastructure and healthcare Pricing Psychology (09:25) - Why charging more can actually win you more business Networking Beyond PR Circles (10:28) - Breaking out of industry echo chambers to find new opportunities Local Government Connections (11:18) - Building relationships with municipal leaders and borough managers Overcoming Business Development Fatigue (12:47) - Managing exhaustion while staying proactive in challenging times Key Takeaways The PR industry is growing globally, even if it doesn't feel that way locally Specializing in niche industries offers competitive advantages Infrastructure projects present untapped opportunities for PR pros Higher pricing often signals higher value to potential clients Networking outside the PR industry can yield unexpected opportunities Your skills are transferable across industries - don't limit yourself Small, consistent changes to your business development approach can yield big results Related Episodes & Additional Information Resources Mentioned: PR Lab: 150+ PR Statistics You Need to Understand the Industry in 2025 That Solo Life, Episode 215: From Barriers to Bridges with Mary Ellen Miller   Industries to Watch: Health technology and healthcare Financial technology (fintech) Infrastructure and public works Municipal and government communications Host & Show Info That Solo Life is a podcast created for public relations, communication, and marketing professionals who work as independent and small practitioners. Hosted by Karen Swim, APR, founder of Words For Hire and President of Solo PR, and Michelle Kane, Principal of Voice Matters, the show delivers expert insights, encouragement, and advice for solo PR pros navigating today's dynamic professional landscape. Ready to transform your solo practice? Don't let this episode's insights go to waste! Take action today by identifying one new industry or networking opportunity you can explore this month. Whether it's attending a targeted industry event or meetup, connecting with your local government officials, or raising your rates, small steps lead to significant breakthroughs. Subscribe to That Solo Life on your favorite podcast platform and never miss an episode packed with practical strategies for independent PR professionals. Have questions or success stories to share? Reach out to the hosts at soloprpro.com - they'd love to hear from you!

In this episode, I talk with Eric Meisgeier, Project Manager at Stacy Witbeck, Inc., about why a project delivery strategy rooted in a project-first mindset is the key to successful infrastructure project management. We dive into how aligning teams, stakeholder engagement, and separating technical from financial decisions support progressive design-build workflows, keep projects on track, […] The post A Project Delivery Strategy that Drives Infrastructure Success – Ep 087 appeared first on Engineering Management Institute.

In this episode of Coatings Decoded, we sit down with internationally known chalk artist David Zinn, whose whimsical creations transform sidewalks, streets, and yes—even manhole covers—into canvases of imagination.Featured live at WEFTEC 2025, this conversation explores how Zinn finds inspiration in everyday infrastructure, embracing cracks, seams, and imperfections as opportunities for creativity. From his playful characters that brighten cityscapes to the unexpected parallels between ephemeral art and the enduring protection of coatings, Zinn reminds us that innovation often comes from seeing the world a little differently. Whether you're an engineer, architect, contractor, or simply curious about where art and infrastructure intersect, this episode offers a refreshing perspective on finding beauty in the built environment.

Watercare says a new wastewater plant will help significantly cut sewage overflows that have plagued oyster farmers north of Auckland. Kim Baker Wilson reports.

WBBM Noon Business Hour host Rob Hart is joined by Joe Schwieterman of DePaul University to discuss Chicago's infrastructure for transportation, how it is affecting local mobility & more.

In this episode of the AI Chat podcast, Jaeden interviews Roman Chernin, co-founder of Nebius, a company focused on building AI infrastructure. Roman shares insights on the rapid growth of AI, the importance of catering to both large and small customers, and the evolution of AI products. He discusses the significance of fine-tuning models, the transition from closed to open-source models, and the misconceptions within the AI industry. The conversation highlights the future of AI and the potential for significant market growth as technology becomes more accessible.Try AI Box: ⁠⁠https://aibox.aiAI Chat YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@JaedenSchaferJoin my AI Hustle Community: https://www.skool.com/aihustleVisit Nebius: https://nebius.ai/Chapters00:00 Introduction to Nebius and Roman Chernin00:56 The Birth of Nebius: Inspiration and Market Need03:45 Nebius' Unique Approach to AI Infrastructure05:58 Serving Small and Large Customers: A Dual Approach09:09 The Rapid Growth of AI and Its Impact on Business13:47 AI Studio: Building Solutions with AI Models17:06 Fine-Tuning Open Source Models: A Strategic Approach22:46 Misconceptions in the AI Industry27:33 Excitement and Concerns in the AI Landscape

Your production IT operations are almost certainly using cryptography libraries that are not quantum-safe, and the time to begin planning a cryptography overhaul is now. But this is likely to be a daunting project because it touches everything: clients, servers, apps, network devices, middleboxes, and so on. Daunting, but doable. We talk with Richu Channakeshava, Principal... Read more »

Your production IT operations are almost certainly using cryptography libraries that are not quantum-safe, and the time to begin planning a cryptography overhaul is now. But this is likely to be a daunting project because it touches everything: clients, servers, apps, network devices, middleboxes, and so on. Daunting, but doable. We talk with Richu Channakeshava, Principal... Read more »

Independent investigative journalism, broadcasting, trouble-making and muckraking with Brad Friedman of BradBlog.com

Fixed income investing is experiencing a powerful resurgence. With yields at multi-decade highs, income opportunities are abundant, yet investors must navigate uncertainty in capital markets and shifting macroeconomic dynamics. In this episode of The Bid, we explore why fixed income is once again a compelling anchor for portfolios.Host Oscar Pulido sits down with Rick Rieder, Chief Investment Officer of Global Fixed Income at BlackRock, live from the Future Proof Festival in Huntington Beach. Together, they discuss why prioritizing income over duration is the key theme in today's bond markets, and how investors can uncover opportunities across geographies and asset classes. Rick emphasizes the importance of dynamic, flexible portfolio construction. With fixed income yields at levels not seen in decades, investors now have the chance to rethink their allocations and position portfolios for long-term growth.Sources: BlackRock Fixed Income Q3 Outlook, Bloomberg as of Tuesday 9th September 2025Key moments in this episode:00:00 Introduction01:28 Rick Rieder's High Level Insights on Fixed Income Landscape02:04 Economic Forces and Investment Strategies02:56 Global Fixed Income: Opportunities and Risks06:51 Dynamic Asset Allocation and Portfolio Management12:12 Currency Views and Market Predictions13:49 Conclusion: Staying in the Game16:16 Outro and Next Episode on InfrastructureFixed income investing, Capital markets, Megaforces, Stock market trends, BlackRockThis content is for informational purposes only and is not an offer or a solicitation. Reliance upon information in this material is at the sole discretion of the listener. Reference to the names of each company mentioned in this communication is merely for explaining the investment strategy and should not be construed as investment advice or investment recommendation of those companies. In the UK and Non-European Economic Area countries, this is authorized and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. In the European Economic Area, this is authorized and regulated by the Netherlands Authority for the Financial Markets. For full disclosures go to Blackrock.com/corporate/compliance/bid-disclosuresSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Your production IT operations are almost certainly using cryptography libraries that are not quantum-safe, and the time to begin planning a cryptography overhaul is now. But this is likely to be a daunting project because it touches everything: clients, servers, apps, network devices, middleboxes, and so on. Daunting, but doable. We talk with Richu Channakeshava, Principal... Read more »

Interview with Marco Roque, President & CEO of Cassiar Gold Corp.Our previous interview: https://www.cruxinvestor.com/posts/cassiar-gold-tsxvgldc-dual-strategy-drives-growth-to-234moz-eyes-5moz-target-7293Recording date: 11th September 2025Cassiar Gold Corporation represents a unique investment opportunity in the current elevated gold market environment, combining substantial existing resources with rare infrastructure advantages that position the company for accelerated development timelines. With gold prices above $3,600 per ounce, the company's 59,000-hectare flagship project in northern British Columbia offers investors exposure to both immediate development potential and significant exploration upside.The project's resource inventory of 2.3 million ounces provides immediate scale, with 1.9 million inferred ounces grading 0.95 g/t and 410,000 indicated ounces at 1.43 g/t. Critically, this mineralization starts from surface and remains open for expansion, offering both development certainty and growth potential. The ongoing 7,000-meter drill program targets resource expansion at the established Taurus deposit while defining the promising Newcoast prospect, which features a footprint three times larger than Taurus with similar mineralization characteristics.Cassiar Gold's most significant competitive advantage lies in its existing infrastructure, a rare asset in the exploration and development sector. The project includes mine permits, road access, and a fully owned and permitted mill—infrastructure elements that typically require years to develop and permit. This positioning enables the company to potentially achieve production within three years for bulk tonnage operations, compared to the industry average of 18 years from discovery to production.The geological setting supports multiple development pathways through its orogenic nature, providing both predictability and operational flexibility. The bulk tonnage component grading approximately 1 g/t offers foundation for large-scale operations appealing to major mining companies, while discrete high-grade veins averaging 3 meters wide with grades between 10-20 g/t provide opportunities for earlier cash flow generation through selective mining approaches.Multiple near-term catalysts position the company for value creation over the next 18 months. Drill results are expected through year-end, metallurgical results in Q1 2026, and the critical Preliminary Economic Assessment in the first half of 2026. These studies will translate the geological and infrastructure advantages into economic terms, providing production scenarios, capital requirements, and return projections at current elevated gold prices.The investment thesis is strengthened by favorable market dynamics. Current gold prices provide robust economic margins for gram-per-ton mineralization starting from surface, while infrastructure advantages reduce typical capital intensity requirements. The combination creates attractive return profiles without extended development timelines that have historically challenged investor patience in the mining sector.Management's strategic vision balances near-term value creation through advancing known resources toward production with longer-term growth through systematic exploration of the broader land package. President and CEO Marco Roque notes the sector is buzzing with current market conditions creating favorable environments for advancing development projects and securing financing.The Cassiar Gold opportunity represents a new category of gold investments that bridge traditional exploration and development stage classifications. The company's existing mine permits, processing facilities, and access infrastructure address primary concerns that have historically deterred institutional investment: regulatory uncertainty, extended timelines, and capital intensity. For investors seeking exposure to gold sector growth while mitigating traditional development risks, Cassiar Gold offers a compelling combination of resource scale, infrastructure advantages, and development optionality positioned to benefit from current market strength.View Cassiar Gold's company profile: https://www.cruxinvestor.com/companies/cassiar-goldSign up for Crux Investor: https://cruxinvestor.com

At Issue this week: What the first projects on Prime Minister Mark Carney's approval fast track signal about the government's direction. MPs prepare to return to Parliament , but have the dynamics shifted? And Conservatives target the Temporary Foreign Workers program. Rosemary Barton hosts Chantal Hébert, Andrew Coyne and Althia Raj.

“We are now branding ourselves as the trusted infrastructure supporter of AI,” says Scott Eaton, Sr. Director, Partner Management at Lumen, in a conversation with Doug Green, Publisher of Technology Reseller News, during ScanSource Partner First. Eaton explained that Lumen, built on the combined legacies of CenturyLink, Level 3, Savvis, and Global Crossing, has transitioned from its telco roots into a technology company focused on powering AI with bandwidth and infrastructure services. Through solutions like wave services, DIA services, data centers, and rapid routes, Lumen provides the backbone for enterprises facing high-intensity data demands. At Partner First, the company highlighted its long-standing partnership with Intelisys, now part of ScanSource, where it has operated for over 20 years in an agency model of recurring commissions. Eaton emphasized that Lumen enables resellers to expand beyond equipment sales and deliver complete customer solutions—moving from “mailbox money” to strategic recurring revenue streams. To simplify adoption, Lumen and ScanSource provide partners with API-driven quoting and ordering tools, training, and field engineering support. This ensures that partners can more easily engage in infrastructure sales, which Eaton described as essential for AI-era growth: “From an AI perspective, it's all about the data… and the high bandwidth requirements to support it.” Eaton noted that partners at the show are eager to learn how to get started, educate themselves, and go deeper with customers. He encouraged resellers to leverage both Lumen's resources and ScanSource's support teams to accelerate success. For more information, visit lumen.com.

In this episode of Demand Gen Studio, we explore the role of infrastructure in demand generation and marketing success with Harmony Anderson, VP of Growth and Marketing at Superhuman.We discussed the critical influence of operations on marketing, the necessity of early infrastructure investment, and the challenges of building customer-centric organizations. Harmony also highlighted the impact of AI on customer success and the evolving role of brand in marketing strategy. Hope you enjoy!00:00 Introduction & Career Journey03:11 The Importance of Operations in Demand Gen07:11 Customer-centric Growth Strategies15:33 Leveraging AI for Customer Success20:07 Attribution & Team Collaboration24:38 The Role of Brand in Marketing27:49 Product Marketing & Market Influence32:40 Defining Ideal Customer Profiles38:30 Marketing Strategies for AI Products39:24 Final Thoughts

Note: This episode was originally released June 30th for Death Panel patrons and is being unlocked today for the first time. To support the show and help make episodes like this one possible, become a patron at www.patreon.com/deathpanelpod Beatrice speaks with Mon Mohapatra of Community Justice Exchange (CJE) about their new resource “If They Build It: Organizing Lessons & Strategies Against Carceral Infrastructure,” a resource looking at the strategies deployed in anti-carceral organizing over the last few decades for strategies to strengthen future campaigns against carceral infrastructure and to strengthen future organizing against all types of cages. Find the resource here: https://www.communityjusticeexchange.org/en/resources-all/if-they-build-it-organizing-lessons-amp-strategies-against-carceral-infrastructure Health Communism is now out in paperback! Find it here or order at this link to add a donation to Sameer Project: open-books-a-poem-emporium.myshopify.com/prod…nism Death Panel merch here (patrons get a discount code): www.deathpanel.net/merch As always, support Death Panel at www.patreon.com/deathpanelpod

We got some interesting listener feedback from our series on OSPF, so today’s N Is for Networking is another “Well actually” episode where we dig into that feedback. In particular, we’ll cover a defense of OSPF multi-area deployments, and dig into OSPF LSA types. Episode Links: N4N032 – OSPF Basics – Packet Pushers Episode Transcript:... Read more »

Enterprise SEO teams waste resources on ineffective LLM.txt files instead of proven protocols. Duane Forrester, former Bing search engineer and founder of UnboundAnswers.com, explains why major crawlers including AI systems still follow established robots.txt standards. The discussion covers proper robots.txt syntax implementation, the default crawl behavior that eliminates need for "do crawl" directives, and strategic resource allocation between technical infrastructure and content quality initiatives.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

In the infrastructure world, uncertainty is a growth killer. When projects stall, the entire industry feels the pain. Today, we're diving into this issue with a special guest, Jill Jamieson. Jill, the CEO of Illuminati Infrastructure and an amateur endurance athlete, knows a thing or two about pushing through challenges. Join their conversation as they first dive into what inspired Jill's recent 30-mile swim around Manhattan and her advice on taking those first steps to conquer physical feats. They pivot and then delve into her thoughts on how the One Big Beautiful Bill is influencing what's happening in the infrastructure world, the differences between funding and financing, how bringing in the private sector is impacting the affordability of infrastructure projects, and her insights on the greatest priority across the United States from an infrastructure perspective. Tune in to hear her advice to the engineering community on adopting technological innovation, thoughts on other infrastructure challenges, her current reading list, and more!  Key Points From This Episode:•   Digging into our societal comfort crisis: what inspired her 30-mile swim.•   How the One Big Beautiful Bill headline is influencing what's happening in the world of infrastructure.•   Where it gets really messy: two ways to pay for infrastructure projects.•   Bringing in the private sector: how the affordability of infrastructure projects is responding.•   Three ways to extract value from existing assets.•   The nation's top infrastructure priority: getting projects done in a more timely or cost-effective manner.  Quotes:“You find growth when you are outside of your comfort zone. I always say, ‘If I don't stretch myself, I never know how far I can reach.'” — Jill Jamieson  “The one lesson I have learned as I get older is to let go of fear of failure. Give it a shot! What do you have to lose?” — Jill Jamieson “Everybody wants cutting edge, they don't want bleeding edge.” — Jill Jamieson  Links Mentioned in Today's Episode: Jill Jamieson on LinkedInJill Jamieson on InstagramThe Comfort Crisis: Embrace Discomfort to Reclaim Your Wild, Happy, Healthy SelfHow to Change Your Mind: What the New Science of Psychedelics Teaches Us About Consciousness, Dying, Addiction, Depression, and TranscendenceThe One Big Beautiful BillJesse Welles - Horses (YouTube)Franz Ferdinand - Audacious (YouTube)Finite and Infinite GamesChasing the Scream: The First and Last Days of the War on Drugs Leadership Blueprints PodcastMCFAMCFA CareersBJ Kraemer on LinkedIn

After AES requested permission to charge customers more for electricity, one state office is recommending the exact opposite. Indianapolis schools have far more classroom seats than students to fill them. It's a sign of declining and shifting enrollment and possible changes ahead. About 11 percent of Indiana's early childcare providers say they may CLOSE in the next year, according to a new survey. The latest version of an ongoing interstate study includes information on possible ways to improve Indianapolis infrastructure. Want to go deeper on the stories you hear on WFYI News Now? Visit wfyi.org/news and follow us on social media to get comprehensive analysis and local news daily. Subscribe to WFYI News Now wherever you get your podcasts. WFYI News Now is produced by Zach Bundy and Abriana Herron, with support from News Director Sarah Neal-Estes.

New Zealand's Infrastructure Commission has looked back over 150 years of public construction to remind people how old some of our buildings and roads actually are. 

You've likely heard that artificial intelligence is gobbling up electricity and drinking water, and causing a global race to build more energy capacity. Have you ever stopped to consider why? Or what we're doing to bring compute power and sustainability closer together?This episode was recorded in front of a live audience at TechBBQ, the largest tech conference in the Nordics. It's held each year in Copenhagen, Denmark.We Meet:  Caspar Høgh, Co-Founding Partner Noon Ventures Yasser Nour, CTO & Co-Founder Lotus MicrosystemsRuben Bryon, CEO & Co-Founder DatacrunchCredits:This episode of SHIFT was produced by Jennifer Strong and Emma Cillekens, and it was mixed by Garret Lang, with original music from him and Jacob Gorski. Art by Meg Marco. 

A former Senior Counsel on the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation explains how Washington works with respect to aviation policy and oversight. In the news, a Production Specification for Swift Fuels 100R unleaded avgas, the DOT Solicitation for Air Traffic Control Integrator Contract, EMAS and runway overruns, carrier qualifications for new Navy fighter pilots, and the Boeing strike. Guest Alex Simpson is Senior Vice President at Cassidy & Associates, a bipartisan government relations firm, where he focuses on the transportation sector. Previously, Alex served as Senior Counsel on the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation under Chair and Ranking Member Sen. Maria Cantwell (D-WA). In that role, he led oversight of the FAA, TSA, NTSB, and the aviation industry. He executed over 25 hearings, including multiple high-profile hearings with airline and manufacturing CEOs, union leaders, DOT Secretaries, and FAA Administrators. Alex maintains close ties with the Senate Commerce and House Transportation & Infrastructure committees. Alex explains the major Congressional members and committees that create aviation policy and provide industry oversight. That includes the U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, & Transportation, and the House Committee on Transportation & Infrastructure. In addition, non-government stakeholders that influence policy decisions include organizations such as Airlines For America (A4A), ALPA, NATCA, Boeing, and even crash victim families acting as advocacy groups. Alex discusses a variety of topics, including ATC infrastructure, likely prime integrator candidates, and elements of a possible TSA reauthorization bill, such as the use of facial recognition technology at TSA checkpoints. Also, Boeing and the deferred prosecution agreement, lifting the 737 MAX production cap, and the 1500-hour rule for commercial airline pilots. We touch on consumer protection and the Full Fare Rule aimed at preventing deceptive airfare advertisements. As a Committee staffer, Alex drafted and negotiated the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024. He also worked closely on the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, which included more than $25 billion for airport infrastructure upgrades.  Before his tenure in the Senate, Alex practiced law at the U.S. Department of Transportation and Zuckert, Scoutt, & Rasenberger (now KMA Zuckert), where he helped clients problem-solve aviation issues, including those related to the Essential Air Service Program, airport landing rights (slots), antitrust, air carrier economic authority and fitness, federal preemption, and airport grant assurances. Aviation News Swift 100 R Gets ASTM Spec ASTM International recently approved a Production Specification for Swift Fuels 100R unleaded avgas. Swift is one of three unleaded fuel makers, and the first to get ASTM approval. Swift Fuels has devoted years of research working with the FAA, Lycoming, Continental Aerospace, Rotax, Textron Aviation, Piper, and others. The ASTM AvGas standards define the required chemical, physical, and performance characteristics for unleaded Avgas sold for aviation use. DOT Opens Solicitation for Air Traffic Control Integrator Contract The Department of Transportation issued an updated request for solutions to identify a Prime Integrator for the Brand New Air Traffic Control System. (Solicitation Number BNATCSRFSFINAL.) Submissions to the Request for Solutions - Brand New Air Traffic Control System at Sam.gov must be submitted by September 21, 2025. Carrier Qualifications Axed From Graduation Requirements For New Navy Fighter Pilots U.S. Navy Tactical Air (Strike) aviators in training are no longer required to take off and land from aircraft carriers before earning their Naval Aviator wings. A Navy official said “Students in the strike pipeline, those training to fly F/A-18s, F-35s, and EA-18Gs, are no longer required to qualify by landing on ...

Here's the thing. Payments only look simple from the outside. In this Tech Talks Daily episode, I sit down with Roberto “Reks” Kafati, CEO and co-founder of DEUNA, to unpack how a scrappy one-click checkout idea grew into an intelligent payments infrastructure that now touches a large slice of Mexico's online economy.  Reks explains why Latin America's high decline rates aren't just an inconvenience but a growth killer, and how DEUNA's early focus on orchestration and checkout opened the door to something bigger. When a region routinely sees more than four out of ten online transactions knocked back, the bar for reliability sits in a different place. That practical problem set the stage for what came next. Athena, Real-Time Decisions, and 638 Signals per Transaction DEUNA's pivot point came when merchants asked a fair question. With all this payment data flying through the system, what should we do with it? The answer is Athena, DEUNA's AI-powered layer that watches every transaction and feeds merchants real-time insight, routing choices, and suggested actions. It is not another dashboard you promise to check and then ignore by Friday. It is a reasoning engine that sits on top of 638 data points per transaction and turns mess into movement. That is how you recover revenue without punishing good customers with extra friction, how you avoid surprise fees from networks, and how you protect recurring revenue when a processor wobbles. Reks walks us through results that speak plainly. Ramped merchants saw conversion lift from the original one-click experience. The infrastructure tier recovers meaningful GMV and trims fees. Enterprise clients report double-digit ROI and stick around for the compounding effect. Building Through Adversity and Betting on the Right Layer What resonated most was the human story behind the metrics. DEUNA was born in the first months of the pandemic, shaped by the shock that hit real-world businesses when revenue fell off a cliff and marketplaces became a lifeline with strings attached. Reks shares an unvarnished look at a tough 2023, the kind of year founders rarely talk about on record. Revenues dipped, deals went sideways, life got complicated. The team chose resilience and doubled down on a two-year vision. That bet is paying off. Over the past twenty-four months the company has grown at a pace that would bend a chart, and the focus has shifted from commoditizing orchestration to productizing intelligence. Put simply, earn trust at checkout, then make the data work for the merchant in real time. Agentic Commerce, US Expansion, and What Comes Next We also look forward. If chat interfaces begin to mediate more buying decisions, merchants will need infrastructure that can think, not just connect endpoints. That is the territory DEUNA calls intelligent infrastructure, and it is where Athena operates every day.  The company is now in active conversations with major US retailers, confident after winning head-to-head enterprise evaluations. Reks frames the opportunity without hype. If you can see acceptance trends by processor, by country, by card type, and act in the moment, you keep customers, protect margins, and avoid death by a thousand false declines. If you cannot, competitors will gladly welcome your frustrated shoppers. If you care about the real mechanics of growth, this conversation is for you. We talk conversion lift, recovered revenue, and the gritty bits of building a payments company that merchants actually rely on. We also talk about the days that test your resolve and the tenth day that reminds you why you started.

Kubernetes is flexible and customizable, but it can also be notoriously complex and difficult to deploy to. On today’s Day Two DevOps we learn about kro (Kube Resource Operator), an open-source tool that helps simplify complex application deployments. Our guest is Islam Mahgoub, a Solutions Architect at AWS focused on building kro. We talk about... Read more »

Kubernetes is flexible and customizable, but it can also be notoriously complex and difficult to deploy to. On today’s Day Two DevOps we learn about kro (Kube Resource Operator), an open-source tool that helps simplify complex application deployments. Our guest is Islam Mahgoub, a Solutions Architect at AWS focused on building kro. We talk about... Read more »

On the 55th episode of Enterprise AI Innovators, hosts Evan Reiser (Abnormal AI) and Saam Motamedi (Greylock Partners) welcome Richard Donaldson, Senior Vice President and Chief Information Officer at Duke Energy. Richard explains how one of the largest regulated utilities in North America is embracing AI to reshape its digital infrastructure and accelerate enterprise-wide transformation. He shares concrete use cases, like Duke Energy Explorer for regulatory responses and generative AI authoring relicensing documentation, and conceptualizes a future where AI-powered drones and intimate co-pilots redefine operational productivity.Quick Hits from Richard: On strategic clarity for AI: “Everybody's waiting for me to say we did this AI thing straight out of a science fiction book, but the most valuable stuff doesn't always come with the spice.”On AI's impact at Duke: “We built a conversational AI that harvests data across hundreds of sources for regulatory Q&A. It's not banan, but it moves the needle every single time.”On business framing for AI usage: “We spent 2024 doing the unsexy work: protecting data, governing AI platforms. That was the homework. Now we're turning the page and going fast.”Book Recommendation: Fall; or, Dodge in Hell by Neal Stephenson—Like what you hear? Leave us a review and subscribe to the show on Apple, Google, Spotify, Stitcher, or wherever you listen to podcasts.Enterprise AI Innovators is a show where top technology executives share how AI is transforming the enterprise. Each episode covers the real-world applications of AI, from improving products and optimizing operations to redefining the customer experience. Find more great insights from technology leaders and enterprise software experts at https://www.enterprisesoftware.blog/ Enterprise AI Innovators is produced by Josh Meer.

Kubernetes is flexible and customizable, but it can also be notoriously complex and difficult to deploy to. On today’s Day Two DevOps we learn about kro (Kube Resource Operator), an open-source tool that helps simplify complex application deployments. Our guest is Islam Mahgoub, a Solutions Architect at AWS focused on building kro. We talk about... Read more »

En République démocratique du Congo, une augmentation des salaires des agents de l'État est à l'étude dans le budget 2026. C'est ce qu'annonce aujourd'hui sur RFI le vice-Premier ministre congolais en charge du Budget Adolphe Muzito. L'opposant modéré, qui est arrivé quatrième à la présidentielle de 2023 avec son parti Nouvel Elan, est entré au gouvernement il y a un mois. En ligne de Kinshasa, l'ancien inspecteur des finances Adolphe Muzito répond aux questions de Christophe Boisbouvier. À lire aussiRDC: Félix Tshisekedi réclame «la reconnaissance des génocides perpétrés sur le territoire congolais»

CONTINUED  Malcolm Hoenlein. Jerusalem Terror Attack and Gaza Offensive Amidst Global Geopolitical Shifts. A Jerusalem bus terror attack killed six; Gaza offensive targets Hamas infrastructure amidst propaganda. UAEcondemned the attack. France's government fell, impacting Macron's Palestinian state push. Iraq probes Iranian oil smuggling, and Iran established UK sleeper cells. A controversial anti-American Detroit conference, with Congresswoman Tlaib, occurred. Public support for Israel remains strong 1914 GREAT WAR PALESTINE

Malcolm Hoenlein. Jerusalem Terror Attack and Gaza Offensive Amidst Global Geopolitical Shifts. A Jerusalem bus terror attack killed six; Gaza offensive targets Hamas infrastructure amidst propaganda. UAEcondemned the attack. France's government fell, impacting Macron's Palestinian state push. Iraq probes Iranian oil smuggling, and Iran established UK sleeper cells. A controversial anti-American Detroit conference, with Congresswoman Tlaib, occurred. Public support for Israel remains strong. 1914 RED CRESCENT PALESTINE

In this compelling episode of SADA's Cloud and Clear podcast, we go "Beyond the Benchmark" with Joseph Menti, Senior Director of DevOps, Security, and IT Operations at DroneDeploy. Join host John Giglio, SADA's Director of Cloud Security, as we explore DroneDeploy's sophisticated and proactive approach to cloud security. DroneDeploy is a leader in reality capture, providing "superpowers" to industries like construction, agriculture, and solar with accurate mapping and analysis. Discover the unique security challenges of handling vast amounts of sensitive imagery and 3D model data. Joseph shares how DroneDeploy navigated their transition from co-located data centers to a predominantly Google Cloud Platform (GCP) environment, highlighting the immense capabilities of cloud tools for physical data security, access management, anomaly detection, and more. Learn about DroneDeploy's philosophy of "punching above their weight" – maximizing a small team's effectiveness through strategic technology adoption, like Security Command Center for asset inventory, and implementing Infrastructure as Code. The discussion also emphasizes the critical value of third-party security assessments, which provide unbiased validation, identify "unknown unknowns," and help prioritize the security roadmap. Joseph explains how a strong security program acts as a powerful business enabler, building customer trust and helping to secure deals. Finally, get insights into emerging threats, including the impact of AI on cyberattacks, and why user awareness training remains the highest ROI security measure. Key Takeaways: Cloud-Native Security Strategies: Harnessing GCP tools for automated security and efficient operations. Maximizing Resources: How to achieve robust security with a lean team through smart automation and strategic tools. The Power of External Validation: Why third-party security assessments are crucial for a world-class security framework. Security as a Business Enabler: Transforming security from a cost center into a competitive advantage. Battling Emerging Threats: Understanding AI's role in cyberattacks and the paramount importance of continuous security awareness training. Tune in to gain practical advice and inspiration for your cloud transformation journey! Connect with SADA & DroneDeploy: Learn more about SADA: https://sada.com/cloud-and-clear/  Explore DroneDeploy: https://www.dronedeploy.com/  Check out the DroneDeploy Horizons event in October: https://www.dronedeploy.com/horizons Read our DroneDeploy case study: https://sada.com/customer-story/dronedeploy-goes-the-extra-mile-for-enterprise-grade-security-with-google-cloud-and-sada  Subscribe to Cloud and Clear:

What does a ‘just transition' really mean in practice? In this episode of the LSEG Sustainable Growth podcast, Punki Modise, Group Chief Strategy & Sustainability Officer at Absa Group discusses the link between sustainability and long-term value creation, how they are measuring social impact and the current challenges facing sustainable finance in Africa. Chapters (00:00:00) - Introduction(00:01:49) - Why sustainability is embedded in ABSA's corporate strategy(00:04:40) - Making social and business sense(00:07:47) - Shareholder reception(00:09:11) - Measuring social impact on the ground(00:11:20) - What does a 'just transition' look like?(00:13:45) - Unpacking ABSA's decision to opt out of the Net Zero Banking Alliance(00:15:39) - Three critical sustainable finance challenges in Africa(00:17:24) - Infrastructure gaps and energy poverty(00:19:11) - Policy(00:21:41) - ABSA's vision for 2030

In this episode, Lex speaks with Marcelo Ruiz de Olano, Co-Founder of KPK (Karpatkey), an on-chain asset management firm born out of Gnosis DAO. Marcelo recounts KPK's evolution from stewarding Gnosis's $1B treasury to advising on more than $2B for leading protocols like ENS, Balancer, and the Ethereum Foundation. The discussion dives into the mechanics of non-custodial treasury management - balancing governance, security, and risk - along with strategies across lending, liquidity provision, and stablecoin yields. Marcelo also shares why the rise of large Ethereum treasury companies could be a turning point for DeFi, injecting institutional-scale liquidity and potentially making ETH more liquid than Bitcoin. NOTABLE DISCUSSION POINTS:Origins and Scale of On-Chain Treasury ManagementKPK spun out of Gnosis DAO, which had one of the earliest and largest on-chain treasuries (~$1B). From there, KPK evolved into an independent manager now advising on over $2B of DAO and foundation treasuries (ENS, Balancer, Ethereum Foundation, etc.), pioneering non-custodial, fully on-chain asset management practices.Conservative, Mission-Driven Approach vs. Yield-ChasingUnlike many DeFi actors during “DeFi Summer,” KPK deliberately rejected risky high-yield strategies. Instead, they prioritized capital preservation and mission alignment—for example, ensuring ENS's treasury only supports Ethereum-strengthening initiatives (like minority client staking or avoiding centralization risks). This contrarian, values-driven approach built trust and positioned them as long-term stewards of DeFi treasuries.Transformative Potential of Ethereum Treasury CompaniesMarcelo highlights that emerging Ethereum treasury firms (similar to MicroStrategy's BTC play) could deploy $10B+ in ETH treasuries. A single such “mega whale” could inject unprecedented liquidity into DeFi—making ETH potentially more liquid than BTC, bootstrapping entire verticals (DEX liquidity, lending, insurance), and creating a flywheel where treasury strategies directly accelerate Ethereum's adoption and price stability. TOPICSKPK, Gnosis, Gnosis Safe, Balancer, Aave, Maker, Sky, Uniswap, Morpho, Ethereum Foundation, on-chain asset management, DAO, decentralized autonomous organization, treasury management, DeFi, tokenization, ETH, Ether, stablecoin, USDC ABOUT THE FINTECH BLUEPRINT

Retargeting is one of the most powerful but misunderstood tactics in digital marketing. Too often, it's broken and marketers don't even know it.In this episode, I sit down with Paul Kovalski, head of marketing at Self Financial and host of the Efficient Spend podcast. Paul has driven more than $200M in revenue through paid media, and he brings a unique perspective on what really works in retargeting.We talk about: • The difference between paid and unpaid retargeting • Why incrementality is the key metric that most marketers miss • How fintech retargeting is different from retail or e-commerce • Why sometimes education beats the hard sell • The role of automation, MMPs, CDPs, and real-time audience updates • The hidden risks of “set it and forget it” automated campaignsIf you've ever wondered whether your retargeting spend is truly moving the needle — or just padding platform reports — this conversation is for you.00:00 Introduction to Marketing and Retargeting00:29 Meet Paul Kovalski01:34 The Goal of Retargeting in FinTech01:58 Paid vs. Unpaid Retargeting Strategies04:05 Infrastructure for Paid Retargeting05:38 Effective Messaging and Creative Strategies07:01 Measuring Incrementality in Retargeting08:16 Challenges and Considerations in Retargeting10:10 Impact of iOS Changes on Retargeting11:51 Conclusion and Final Thoughts

Ep. 180 features Zach Wick from BtrBet, which is a SaaS platform offering a white-labeled tool stack for sports betting creators to manage content, engage audiences, and monetize their communities.   Hear him discuss: • How legal sports betting in Ohio sparked his idea to build a personal betting tracker • The pain points of spreadsheets and the inspiration behind automating bet syncing and analysis • The evolution from a consumer app to a full-stack community tool for content creators • How BtrBet users are building engaged communities on their own branded domains • The business model built around tool subscriptions, with creators keeping 100% of their affiliate revenue • One creator's story of hitting nearly $1,000 MRR within one week of launching on BtrBet • Key lessons from joining Stripe as employee ~250 and watching it grow to over 8,000 people • Why BtrBet is bootstrapped, and how they're nearing profitability solely through revenue • The challenges of running a lean two-person startup and what he wishes he knew before founding   Catch the video version of this episode here.   Learn more

What happens when your firm is ready to scale its marketing engine—but doesn't yet have a unified CRM? In this episode of Amplify!, host Meg Hoevener sits down with James Kuch, Digital Marketing Specialist at Yeo & Yeo, to talk about building a robust automation strategy in HubSpot, even when infrastructure isn't fully in place. James walks through the creative ways his team supports multiple service lines and brands under one marketing platform—from list segmentation and email workflows to internal campaigns, digital advertising, and social scheduling. You'll also hear lessons learned from transitioning off Constant Contact, how to integrate other platforms using HubSpot's Operations Hub, and what to prioritize when bandwidth is tight. Whether you're a solo marketer juggling multiple tools or part of a firm evaluating your next MarTech investment, this episode offers tactical takeaways for building smarter, leaner campaigns.   For more Amplify episodes and to learn more about the Association for Accounting Marketing, visit accountingmarketing.org/category/amplify

In today's episode, we have our weekly political panel; New Zealand First minister Shane Jones wants his party to consider re-nationalising the gentailers; Israel has carried out a strike on senior Hamas leaders in the Gulf state of Qatar; An organisation that aims to get more New Zealanders exercising says a new initiative to make fitness more affordable could save the country billions in health costs.

Episode 189 with Rashad Sinokrot, CEO of Alliad, a global integrated services leader delivering over 300 million dollars' worth of impact-driven infrastructure projects across Africa and other emerging markets.Rashad shares how Alliad has transformed from a catering firm into a global partner for governments, companies, and aid organisations, while driving inclusive development in challenging environments. From building 90 maternity hospitals and 10 schools in Côte d'Ivoire and Uganda to achieving a 98 percent local employment rate and injecting 38 million dollars into local supplier ecosystems, Rashad explains how infrastructure can unlock long-term growth.What We Discuss RashadThe transformation of Alliad into a global infrastructure and services leader.How infrastructure investment drives inclusive growth and social development in Africa.Insights from Alliad's projects in Côte d'Ivoire and Uganda, including hospitals, schools, and supplier partnerships.Embedding sustainability and ESG practices in emerging markets.Lessons from Alliad's global experience, from peacekeeping missions in the DRC to energy projects in Uganda.Rashad's vision for Africa's infrastructure landscape over the next decade, shaped by technology, policy, and investment.This is a powerful conversation about the future of Africa's infrastructure, sustainable growth, and the role of private sector investment in driving inclusive development. Verto CornerIn this week's Verto Corner, Saeed Soheily, Senior Product Manager at Verto, looks at the growing role of data in shaping smarter payment decisions for businesses trading across borders. He explains how access to the right data can help companies forecast demand, manage cash flow more effectively and reduce the risks linked with currency fluctuations. Saeed also shares practical ways businesses can use data insights to streamline operations and strengthen their competitive position in fast moving markets.Access the Strategy HandbookDid you miss my previous episode where I discus How Nithio is Driving Africa's Energy Transition Through Blended Finance and AI Powered Risk Analytics? Make sure to check it out!Connect with Terser:LinkedIn - Terser AdamuInstagram - unlockingafricaTwitter (X) - @TerserAdamuConnect with Rashad:LinkedIn - Rashad Sinokrot and AlliadDiscover how Verto's solutions can help you accept payments, manage expenses, and scale with ease here

Mike Switzer interviews Alan Cooper, founder and editor of three online business news websites in South Carolina.

Stainless founder Alex Rattray joins a16z partner Jennifer Li to talk about the future of APIs, SDKs, and the rise of MCP (Model Context Protocol). Drawing on his experience at Stripe—where he helped redesign API docs and built code-generation systems—Alex explains why the SDK is the API for most developers, and why high-quality, idiomatic libraries are essential not just for humans, but now for AI agents as well.They dive into:The evolution of SDK generation and lessons from building at scale inside Stripe.Why MCP reframes APIs as interfaces for large language models.The challenges of designing tools and docs for both developers and AI agents.How context limits, dynamic tool generation, and documentation shape agent usability.The future of developer platforms in an era where “every company is an API company.”Timecodes: 0:00 – Introduction: APIs as the Dendrites of the Internet1:49 – Building API Platforms: Lessons from Stripe3:03 – SDKs: The Developer's Interface6:16 – The MCP Model: APIs for AI Agents9:23 – Designing for LLMs and AI Users13:08 – Solving Context Window Challenges16:57 – The Importance of Strongly Typed SDKs21:07 – The Future of API and Agent Experience24:45 – Lessons from Leading API Companies26:14 – Outro and DisclaimersResources: Find Alex on X: https://x.com/rattrayalexFind Jennifer on X: https://x.com/JenniferHliStay Updated: Let us know what you think: https://ratethispodcast.com/a16zFind a16z on Twitter: https://twitter.com/a16zFind a16z on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/a16zSubscribe on your favorite podcast app: https://a16z.simplecast.com/Follow our host: https://x.com/eriktorenbergPlease note that the content here is for informational purposes only; should NOT be taken as legal, business, tax, or investment advice or be used to evaluate any investment or security; and is not directed at any investors or potential investors in any a16z fund. a16z and its affiliates may maintain investments in the companies discussed. For more details please see a16z.com/disclosures.

Electricity bills are climbing nationwide, rising faster than inflation in many places. The explosive growth of AI and the massive data centers behind it are driving demand and straining the grid. To explain how this hits consumers, and what can be done, Geoff Bennett spoke with Ari Peskoe, director of the Electricity Law Initiative at Harvard Law School. PBS News is supported by - https://www.pbs.org/newshour/about/funders. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy

Young athletes are trafficked into European soccer prison camps while crime syndicates launder billions. Chris Dalby reveals the dark underbelly of sports.Full show notes and resources can be found here: jordanharbinger.com/1204What We Discuss with Chris Dalby:Human trafficking is rampant in modern sports: Thousands of young athletes, particularly from Africa, are lured to Europe with false promises of professional contracts, only to end up exploited in "soccer prison camps" while families go into debt.An illegal sports betting empire thrives: A $1.7 trillion annual industry controlled by organized crime syndicates, primarily Asian groups operating from countries like Cambodia, Vietnam, and Thailand through sophisticated networks.Sneaky "spot fixing" corruption rigs games: Instead of fixing entire match results, players are paid to perform specific actions like getting yellow cards or missing shots, which are harder to detect but easier to execute.Gambling sponsor fronts operate in plain sight: Crypto and gambling companies dominate sports sponsorships worldwide, often serving as money laundering fronts, with some sponsors being illegal in their own team's countries.Solutions exist: Law enforcement can be trained to detect sports crime, integrity monitoring works (tennis has improved significantly), and awareness platforms help protect vulnerable young athletes from scams.And much more...And if you're still game to support us, please leave a review here — even one sentence helps! Sign up for Six-Minute Networking — our free networking and relationship development mini course — at jordanharbinger.com/course!Subscribe to our once-a-week Wee Bit Wiser newsletter today and start filling your Wednesdays with wisdom!Do you even Reddit, bro? Join us at r/JordanHarbinger!This Episode Is Brought To You By Our Fine Sponsors:BiOptimizers Magnesium Breakthrough: 15% off: magbreakthrough.com/jordan, code JORDANCaldera + Lab: 20% off: calderalab.com/jordan, code JORDANProgressive Insurance: Free online quote: progressive.comAG1: Welcome kit: drinkag1.com/jordanSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.