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The latest news in Samoan language (Gagana Samoa).
The latest news in Samoan language (Gagana Samoa).
This week we talk about the Merchant Marine Act, trade routes, and incentives.We also discuss Wesley Jones, foreign competition, and artificial monopolies.Recommended Book: The Quantum Thief by Hannu RajaniemiTranscriptIn 1920, the then-Senator for the state of Washington, Wesley Jones, who was also the chairman of the Senate Commerce Committee, introduced the Merchant Marine Act as a method by which the American merchant marine could be sustained and remain competitive in the face of external competition, and in the wake of the destruction of a bunch of ship during WWI.The US Merchant Marine is all the commercial water-going vessels that are US flagged, and the crews of these vessels. During peacetime, these boats and ships conduct trade and other services along the United States' coasts and throughout its internal waterways, its rivers and lakes. During wartime, these vessels and their crews are tapped to help move troops and weapons and supplies for offensive or defensive military efforts.The theory of this proposed Act, then, was to ensure that the US Merchant Marine would remain well-funded and well-taken-care-of, because lacking some kind of government support, there was a good chance it would either slowly degrade, not having enough business to pay for itself, or—and this has been a persistent concern for similar pseudo-fleets of merchant vessels around the world for the past few hundred years—it would fall into disrepair because it would be outcompeted by vessels and crew coming in from elsewhere that would charge lower prices, creating unsustainable economics for the locals and thus slowly degrading this economic and military asset.When this Act was proposed, in 1920, the preservation of this asset was on the mind of many US politicians, as the world had just emerged from World War I, and in that and previous conflicts, the US Merchant Marine had been pretty vital to ensuring the US eventually came out on the right side of things. It was also fundamental to the rebuilding of the US economy following difficult conflicts, because the moving of cargo from city to city along coastlines, and throughout long expanses of rivers—getting food from place to place, getting building supplies where they need to go—has always been important, especially following periods in which there isn't a lot of building going on, and when supplies chains are reoriented toward other purposes, like fighting.So in addition to all the language the helps regulate trade within US waters and between US ports, and which says how the crew of such vessels have to be treated, this Act was also meant to provide protected status to US Merchant Marine vessels and crew, giving them a pseudo-monopoly on certain types of trade activities in the US.It was also—and this is important context—meant to give Senator Jones' state of Washington a de facto monopoly on trade with Alaska. But it was sold to the rest of Congress and the country as a means of bolstering the funds flowing into the US Merchant Marine. Section 27 of this act, often called the Jones Act, requires that all goods transported between US ports be carried by US vessels built in the US, flying the US flag, owned by US citizens and with majority US citizen and permanent US resident crews.What I'd like to talk about today are the other consequences of the Merchant Marine Act of 1920, and in particular the Jones Act component of it, and why there's been renewed opposition to the Jones Act in recent months.—The logic of the Jones Act, at least on the surface, is pretty straightforward.If you're worried about foreign competition coming in and taking all the shipping jobs, swooping in from areas where crews aren't paid as much, and where ships can be built cheaper, so they can charge less than US-made and -manned ships, all you have to do is require all the ships and people on the ships are of US-origin, and you're good to go. Those foreign competitors aren't allowed to take the jobs, and that sets the standards in a different place, allowing US vessels and their crew and owners to charge whatever they need to charge to sustain themselves.This, in theory at least, should also stimulate the US ship-building industry, as that monopoly means anyone who builds new ships stands a pretty good chance of making their money back. After all, there's no dramatically cheaper competition out there, so you've got relatively little downward price pressure and seemingly plenty of customers, because there's a lot of US coast, and a lot of internal waterways that have traditionally be used for trading purposes.In practice, though—and this isn't uncommon with protectionist measures; things that seem like they should work for the intended purpose actually leading to other, less ideal outcomes—the Jones Act is often blamed for increasing prices on pretty much everything, and for increasing prices dramatically in places like Hawaii, Alaska, Puerto Rico, and other US territories, like American Samoa and Guam, that are reliant on imports to survive.If open competition isn't allowed, prices don't tend to go down, and in fact they can instead go up, especially if the number of entities providing these services drops over time.That means places without other options, without the ability to ship food and electrical equipment and other such fundamentals using highways or regularly flying, large cargo planes, they are forced to pay increasingly high cargo ship prices, instead. And there's no chance that a competitor will emerge, because there just aren't enough ships available to haul all the stuff these places need at a regular, sustaining, cost-effective cadence.These higher prices are kind of built into the monopoly model, but they're made even worse by the state of the US shipbuilding industry, which for a while, from about the mid-1800s until the mid-20th century, was top of the line, producing more ships than any other country during WWII, and before that churning out some of the best and fastest ships in the world for trade purposes.But after the two world wars, and a surge in shipbuilding infrastructure that was rapidly deployed in the first half of the 20th century, US government subsidies for the industry began to dry up, many of the ships built during the war were sold to foreign countries and private owners for a quick buck, and most of that infrastructure was mothballed, the more efficient processes it developed decommissioned in favor of less-efficient, more expensive approaches.During WWI, the US churned out more then 5,000 ships at the over 100 shipyards it had operating at the time, and was able to produce more naval tonnage in three years than it had produced in the entire history of the nation's existence, up till that point.Post-WWI, though, the US was already less efficient than foreign competitors, especially European competition, and post-WWII, the emergence of overland infrastructure in the US, like the burgeoning national highway system, made shipping via trucks increasingly competitive with the previously dominant approach of shipping via internal waterways.Airline shipping became a competitor, too, around that same time. So the technological developments and new overland infrastructure of the post-World War era meant that in the US, although coastal shipping in particular remained a solid option for many types of shipping, using trucks on the nation's growing highway system usually ended up being cheaper and easier, and in some cases much faster, too, and eventually air cargo became even more competitive for some types of jobs and clientele.The oil crises of the 1970s amplified this trend, collapsing the market for oil tanker ships and seriously damaging the overall shipbuilding industry, including in the US. Even with new US government subsidies meant to support the flailing industry, building ships in the US usually just didn't make much economic sense, the cost of building on US soil costing nearly twice as much as it did in some foreign ports.During the Reagan administration, even those 1930s-era subsidies were dropped, and that led to further collapse in the US shipbuilding industry. Before the end of these subsidies, the US was producing about 20 commercial ships per year, already a catastrophic drop from the World Wars era, but after the end of the subsidies, it produced five commercial vessels in the next eight years, combined.Some new subsidies were introduced in the 90s, when the Cold War ended, but the industry was in such bad shape at that point, orders from the US military and from commercial traders often went unfulfilled, or went wildly over budget. Some ships were finished, but riddled with so many flaws that they were unusable.US shipbuilders blamed foreign government subsidies, claiming they were really bad at their jobs because other countries were giving their shipbuilding entities more money to exist, and President Bill Clinton was able to secure an agreement with many of the US's trading partners to temper these subsidies a bit, in response to those complaints. Though when US shipbuilders realized this agreement would also mean they would lose some of their subsidies, in the tradeoff, they switched to campaigning against it, and the US ultimately wasn't involved in that agreement.The US's shipbuilding efforts improved a bit in the late-90s and early 2000s, but efforts elsewhere were better, and while the US produced about 3% of all commercial shipping tonnage, of all trade-related naval vessels, basically, in the early 1970s, by 1999, that was down to 0.25% of global tonnage.At this point, following that aforementioned agreement to reduce subsidies and others like it, much of the world's shipbuilding industries are on pretty solid footing without government support, while the US's is protected by the Jones Act, and very much not in solid shape; it's completely uncompetitive and wildly unproductive, and this has led to many secondary, knock-on issues, like increased prices, especially in places like Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico, but this actually reportedly costs the US economy something like 0.1 to 0.4% of its total GDP, so about $31.8 billion to $127.4 billion each year. And it's also hobbled our efforts to invest in things like offshore wind farms and other such infrastructure, because we simply don't have enough ships in operation to do that sort of thing. These ships also just cost so much to use, even when they're available, that the price of shipping and deploying things is overwhelming, especially compared to doing the same in other countries.In mid-March of 2026, the second Trump administration issued a Jones Act waiver for some types of product, including energy products, fertilizer, and related inputs, like ammonia. That means on an emergency basis, foreign-flagged, built, and staffed ships can operate in US waters, bringing these types of trade goods from US port to US port, without penalty.Within just two months of the waiver going into effect, dozens of foreign vessels entered the US trade market, reinforcing slumping trade routes and even creating new ones. The Gulf Cost to West Coast route has proved to be especially popular, seeing four times the trade activity from the Gulf to California in just those two months as we previously saw over the whole of 2025, combined, and a an entirely new route emerged, too, shipping naphtha from California to Texas.More shipping also arose between the US mainland and Puerto Rico, bringing propane to Puerto Rico in a usable volume for the first time because there are no liquified petroleum gas tankers in the Jones Act fleet; this meant that despite the large amounts of LPG produced in the US, Puerto Rico usually has to import their LPG from Chile and other foreign sources; this waiver allowed them to get it from the US mainland, instead.In April of this year, the Trump administration announced a 90-day extension of the Jones Act waiver. This waiver is intended to help moderate surging prices on all sorts of good, especially energy products, at a moment in which the closure of the Strait of Hormuz has created shortages of such products on global markets. That shortage has stoked inflation, all over the place, but especially in the US, hence this effort to temper that inflation; it is an election year in the US, after all.The waiver seems to be helping, in some limited regards at least, and it's providing all sorts of data for groups that oppose it, illuminating what seems to be latent demand for such trade routes, that demand typically unmet because of the limitations of the Jones Act on waterway and coastal trade in the US; there just aren't enough US-made and created and flagged ships performing this kind of trade because of that artificial monopoly.The American Maritime Partnership, however, which is a lobbying group put together by the US domestic maritime industry, recently launched an ad campaign aimed at ending the waiver, saying, basically, that the Jones Act protects the US maritime industry from unfair foreign competition, and that it protects the US from foreign threats that might otherwise infiltrate and negatively impact US markets; the implication being that terrorists or some such might come to the US with trade vessels, and then wreak havoc by doing terrorist things via these vessels, or maybe use them to bring more drugs into the country.Given the power such lobbying groups have in the US, there's a solid possibility that when an agreement is eventually reached with Iran over the Strait of Hormuz, and if global trade then returns to something like its previous default, this waiver will go away. That would be the politically expedient move by the Trump administration, because most people don't know enough about the Jones Act to care, but the maritime industry very much does, as without this artificial monopoly, they would probably be required to fundamentally change if they wanted to stay alive.There's evidence that getting rid of the Jones Act permanently might be beneficial on multiple fronts, especially in terms of inflation and overall economics, but also in terms of forcing the US maritime industry to make those costly, foundational changes. Despite the many possible benefits of doing away with this act, though, the ‘protect our borders from foreign invaders' aspect of the Jones Act might be enough to sway this administration toward fully reinstating it as soon as the conflict in Iran and inflation allows.Show Noteshttps://apnews.com/article/jones-act-trump-trade-abcac596db839bff3679b3117d2e81b2https://www.cato.org/blog/jones-act-waiver-data-reveals-universe-blocked-american-tradehttps://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2019/04/local-content-requirements-and-their-economic-effect-on-shipbuilding_f81e0027/90316781-en.pdfhttps://www.cato.org/blog/jones-act-contributes-offshore-wind-growing-painshttps://www.engine.online/news/us-maritime-group-urges-end-to-jones-act-waiver-7c1bhttps://gcaptain.com/chinese-cosco-tanker-delivers-asphalt-to-connecticut-under-jones-act-waiver/https://gcaptain.com/jones-act-waiver-reshapes-u-s-oil-trade-as-foreign-tankers-flood-domestic-routes/https://www.investopedia.com/terms/j/jonesact.asphttps://www.winston.com/en/legal-glossary/what-is-the-jones-acthttps://www.cato.org/publications/policy-analysis/jones-act-burden-america-can-no-longer-bearhttps://www.atlasnetwork.org/articles/the-jones-act-is-costly-harmful-and-dangeroushttps://www.maritime.dot.gov/ports/domestic-shipping/domestic-shippinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merchant_Marine_Act_of_1920https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Merchant_Marinehttps://www.cato.org/blog/jones-act-contributes-offshore-wind-growing-pains This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit letsknowthings.substack.com/subscribe
Part 2 - Host Neville James explores geography and culture, discussing time zones, the equator, and the location of American Samoa while highlighting Caribbean musical influences through salsa and jazz artists like Marvin Santiago. He also reflects on Santiago's life and career, including his musical success and struggles with addiction, using it as an example of the challenges faced by many artists. The segment concludes with a spirited political discussion between Neville and caller Kerry, debating a Texas U.S. Senate runoff and broader national politics, including loyalty, elections, and leadership.
The latest news in Samoan language (Gagana Samoa).
The latest news in Samoan language (Gagana Samoa).
The latest news in Samoan language (Gagana Samoa).
The latest news in Samoan language (Gagana Samoa).
The latest news in Samoan language (Gagana Samoa).
Max Pearson presents a collection of the week's Witness History interviews from the BBC World Service. Our guest is Sahar Saleem, an Egyptian paleoradiologist specialising in using medical imaging technology to study mummies and ancient artefacts.We start with the story a Jewish interpreter who helped guard Adolf Hitler's teeth in the final days of the Second World War. Then, the engineering efforts to reduce the tilt of the Leaning Tower of Pisa - which kept it closed to the public for 11 years.We hear a Nepalese activist recall the massive protests that led to the restoration of multi-party democracy in 1990.Plus, a childhood memory of the first major surrealist exhibition in New York.Finally, we hear of the current whereabouts of Jorge, a popular Argentine sea turtle.Contributors: Lyubov Summ - granddaughter of interpreter Yelena Rzhevskaya.Nunziante Squeglia - professor of geotechnics at the University of Pisa.Durga Thapa - Nepalese activist.Carroll Janis - performer at the first major surrealist exhibition.Nicky Salapu - former goalkeeper for American Samoa,Alejandro Saubidet - Argentine marine biologist.(Photo: Pisa Leaning Tower and Pisa Cathedral, in the celebrated Piazza dei Miracoli. Credit: Getty)
In April 2001, the small island nation of American Samoa took on Australia in the World Cup qualifiers. You could only play for the team if you held an American passport, which automatically ruled out the majority of the American Samoans, leaving them to resorting to picking schoolboys to play for them.What followed was the biggest defeat in international football – 31-0.In 2024, goalkeeper Nicky Salapu told Uma Doraiswamy about how he felt as the 31 goals flew in past him.Eye-witness accounts brought to life by archive and testimony. Sporting Witness is for those fascinated by sporting history. We take you to the events that have shaped the sports world through the eyes of the people who were there. For nine minutes, you become a fan in the stands as we take you back in time to examine memorable victories and agonising defeats from all over the world. You'll hear from people who have achieved sporting immortality, or those who were there as incredible sporting moments unfolded.Recent episodes explore the forgotten football Women's World Cup, the plasterer who fought a boxing legend, international football's biggest ever beating and the man who swam the Amazon river. We look at the lives of some of the most famous F1 drivers, tennis players and athletes as well as people who've had ground-breaking impact in their chosen sporting field, including: the most decorated Paralympian, the woman who was the number 1 squash player in the world for nine years, and the first figure skater to wear a hijab. You can learn all about fascinating and surprising stories, such as the tennis player who escaped the Nazis, how a man finally beat a horse in a race, and how the FIFA computer game was created.(Photo: Nicky Salapu in goal for American Samoa against Australia in 2001. Credit: Darren England/Allsport Getty Images)
In Episode 236 of the Pu'u Muay Thai Podcast, Jonathan Puu sits down virtually in the Black Room at Teep Studios in Scottsdale, Arizona with his cousin Deutsch Pu'u — a former professional fighter with a background in boxing, kickboxing, Muay Thai, MMA, and a Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu black belt.Deutsch shares his journey growing up in American Samoa, where structured martial arts training was limited, and how he developed through boxing before competing professionally across multiple combat sports — including K-1 kickboxing and Muay Thai.This episode goes beyond fighting and dives into something bigger: building a future pipeline for combat sports in Samoa.In this episode, they discuss: Growing up in American Samoa and learning to fight without formal structure Transitioning from boxing into kickboxing, MMA, and Muay Thai Fighting in K-1 and adapting without a traditional Muay Thai background Training at Fight Capital in Las Vegas with Jason Andrada How Muay Thai changed his approach to striking (elbows, knees, clinch) The importance of structure, coaching, and proper education in martial arts Building a pipeline to develop fighters from Samoa and bring them into Muay Thai Creating opportunities for the next generation through coaching and systems Deutsch also shares his vision for introducing structured Muay Thai and combat sports programs in American Samoa — with the goal of developing world-class fighters from the island and creating long-term opportunities through proper coaching and mentorship.This episode is about more than fighting — it's about family, legacy, and building something that lasts for the next generation.Support the showLeave a message or text us 24/7/365!+1-805-456-3316
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There are four existing exceptions to birthright citizenship that have been recognized by the United States Supreme Court: Children born to foreign diplomats; Children born in outlying possessions such as American Samoa and Swains Island; Children born to enemy invaders; Children born to tribal families that owe direct allegiance to their tribe. Therefore, I'd argue, and the Trump team going forward should if they hope to win on this issue, that with four existing exceptions – all of which have to do with a parent's foreign status or heritage/allegiance - it's completely consistent to say that if neither a father or mother retains legal status in this country – their primary allegiance is to the country in which they are citizens.
Project Hail Mary Absolutely Nails the Landing This week on the podcast, Brian and Darryl dive into the Season 4 return of Invincible, check in on Monarch: Legacy of Monsters Season 2, and review Project Hail Mary. Episode Index Intro: 0:07 Monarch: 5:32 Invincible: 11:37 Project Hail Mary: 33:04 Monarch: Legacy of Monsters (AppleTV) Season 2, Episode 4 Title: Trespass Air date: March 20, 2026  Director: Hiromi Kamata  Writer: Al Letson  Summary: In 2017, Titan X awakens another swarm of Scarabs in American Samoa, which kill two surfers, and destroys a Monarch patrol boat. On Outpost 18, Trissop and Tim detect Titan X on Apex’s new sonar tracking system, which indicates that it is heading towards San Francisco. Kentaro, Hiroshi, Keiko and Shaw meet up with May in Pensacola, Florida, where they plan to steal Hiroshi’s Titan lure back from Apex. In San Francisco, an evacuation is declared, while Cate meets one of the students who she saved on G-Day. She has a change of heart, and decides to return to Monarch. Trissop’s team leave Outpost 18 as Tim’s team and the Pacific Fleet prepare to intercept Titan X, but the signal on Apex’s tracking system turns out to be a whale. In Pensacola, the others infiltrate Apex’s headquarters and discover that Apex have been smuggling creatures off of Skull Island, including Leafwings, Needlewalkers, and Vinestranglers. Brenda shows May that Apex have developed neural implants to modify animal behavior, which she demonstrates using a Leafwing, and explains that they want to use the same technology to pacify the Titans. Shaw and Kentaro release the Needlewalkers to cause a distraction, allowing Hiroshi and Keiko to find the lure, but it has been dismantled. Fortunately, they also discover that Apex have some of Bill’s old files, including his map of Titan X’s migratory route, which allows them to predict its next destination as Santa Soledad. May chooses to stay with Apex, but the others escape and reunite with Cate. However, Hiroshi finds Keiko’s letter to Shaw in Bill’s files. Featured cast: Anna Sawai as Cate Randa, Kiersey Clemons as May, Ren Watabe as Kentaro Randa, Mari Yamamoto as Keiko Miura, Joe Tippett as Tim, Takehiro Hira as Hiroshi Randa, and Kurt Russell / Wyatt Russell as Lee Shaw. The series also stars Elisa Lasowski.  Rating Out of 5 Titan X Keeps on Rollin’ Rollin’ Rollin’ Brian: 2.5/5 Darryl: 2.7/5 Invincible (Amazon Prime) Season 4, Episode 1 Title: Making the World a Better Place Air date: March 18, 2026  Director: Sol Choi  Writer: Helen Leigh  Summary: Mark, Oliver, and Eve continue stopping threats while dealing with the physical and mental aftermath of Angstrom and Conquest. Cecil appoints Brit as leader of the Guardians and brings the Teen Team back. Mark meets Dinosaurus, a powerful being he nearly kills despite learning the creature’s human host lacks control in his transformed state. Mark and Eve have a difficult dinner with Eve’s parents. Meanwhile, the Sequids prepare another invasion, and an alien named Universa arrives on Earth, draining energy from a power plant to save her people. Mark and Eve intercept her, and Eve struggles as her powers become unstable during the fight, but Universa is eventually defeated. The Guardians confront the Sequid threat, and with Mark’s help, they save all infected civilians using new technology, though Mark kills Rus Livingston, the final host, to end the danger. Elsewhere, Conquest escapes captivity and leaves Earth. Featured cast: Steven Yeun as Mark Grayson, J.K. Simmons as Omni-Man, Sandra Oh as Debbie Grayson, Gillian Jacobs as Atom Eve, Walton Goggins as Cecil, Max Burkholder as Oliver, Seth Rogen as Allen the Alien, with season additions including Matthew Rhys as Dinosaurus and Danai Gurira as Universa.  Season 4, Episode 2 Title: I'll Give You the Grand Tour Air date: March 18, 2026  Director: Jason Zurek  Writer: Simon Racioppa  Summary: On the way to Talescria, Nolan tells Allen about his harsh Viltrumite upbringing, where he trained young cadets and endured a brutal trial against his parents to prove his adulthood. Soon after, the Scourge virus devastated the Viltrumites, killing billions, including his parents. The Grand Regent imposed a quarantine, sealed the planet, and ordered the extermination of all alien slaves who knew of the outbreak. The few survivors began seeking compatible species across the galaxy to preserve their race. On Talescria, Thaedus reveals he is the Betrayer who killed Emperor Argall. Using Nolan’s knowledge, the Coalition gathers weapons and allies like Space Racer and the Sinlak beetles. Thaedus later admits he created the Scourge virus and has an improved version. Though angered, Nolan agrees to recruit his son after Thaedus promises it will be a last resort. Meanwhile, Conquest returns to Viltrum and reports his failure to Grant Regent Thragg. Featured cast: Steven Yeun, J.K. Simmons, Seth Rogen, Peter Cullen as Thaedus, Winston Duke as Space Racer, and Lee Pace as Thragg.  Season 4, Episode 3 Title: I Gotta Get Some Air Air date: March 18, 2026  Director: Stephanie Gonzaga  Writer: Ross Stracke  Summary: Machine Head tells Titan that Mister Liu survived and is pursuing them. Titan is attacked by Liu’s assassin Magnattack but kills him. Mark struggles with killing Rus, while Eve loses control of her powers. Robot expels a Sequid, which Monster Girl destroys, leading them to wonder whether Mark was right. Titan asks Invincible for help, but Mark and Eve send Oliver instead. Eve seeks guidance from Robot. Meanwhile, the Flaxans return and attack Earth, and Mark joins the Guardians in response. Oliver and Titan confront Liu, while Robot and Monster Girl enter the Flaxan dimension to destroy their anti-aging technology, discovering a highly advanced civilization that threatens humanity. Before others can follow, the portal is closed, trapping them. Mark later helps Oliver fight Liu, forcing him to retreat. Misinterpreting Titan’s actions, Mark attacks him until Oliver stops him. With Liu still active, Titan is forced to rejoin Machine Head’s Order, as Liu also returns. Eve learns she is pregnant. Featured cast: Steven Yeun, Gillian Jacobs, Zachary Quinto, Todd Williams as Titan, Jeffrey Donovan as Machine Head, and the returning Guardians/Flaxan players around the Earth attack storyline.  Rating Out of 10 If It’s a Whooping You’re A Wantin’ Brian: 8.3/10 Darryl: 7.78/10 Season 4, Episode 4 Title: Hurm Air date: March 25, 2026 Director: Ian Abando Writer: Robert Kirkman Summary: Mark confesses his actions to Art, who comforts him and gives him his old suit back. Eve calls Mark to stop Ka-Hor, but Damien Darkblood, attempting to reclaim Hell from Volcanikka, uses Nolan’s blood and accidentally summons Mark, allowing Ka-Hor to escape with a host. Darkblood explains that Volcanikka plans to release the Vile to conquer Earth. Mark and Darkblood recover Satan’s Molten Crown from Cerberus, restoring Satan’s power and reviving Darkblood’s family. They confront Volcanikka, who defeats Satan, but Mark overpowers her and forces her to retreat. Satan keeps the Vile imprisoned and sends Mark and Darkblood back to Earth. Eve tells William about her pregnancy, while Debbie plans to move in with Paul. As Eve prepares to tell Mark about the pregnancy, Nolan and Allen arrive. Meanwhile, Satan secretly orders Darkblood to investigate Volcanikka’s motives and considers going to the surface.The episode is also notable for using material created specifically for the show rather than directly adapting the comic. Featured cast: Steven Yeun as Mark Grayson, J.K. Simmons as Omni-Man, Sandra Oh as Debbie Grayson, and Brandon Scott Jones as William Clockwell. Rating Out of 5 What the Actual Fuck Was This Brian: .01/5 Darryl: 1/5 Project Hail Mary (2026) Release Date: March 20, 2026 Runtime: 156 minutes Director: Phil Lord and Christopher Miller Writer: Drew Goddard Based On: Project Hail Mary by Andy Weir Studios: Lord Miller Productions, Pascal Pictures, Open Invite Films, and Waypoint Entertainment Distributor: Amazon MGM Studios (U.S. and Canada), Sony Pictures Releasing International (international) Summary: Ryland Grace wakes up alone aboard a spacecraft with no memory of who he is or why he is there, only to slowly realize he has been sent on a desperate mission to save Earth from an extinction-level threat. What starts as a survival mystery turns into a science-heavy, emotionally warm space adventure built around problem-solving, sacrifice, and an unexpected interstellar friendship. Main Cast: Ryan Gosling as Ryland Grace Sandra Hüller as Eva Stratt James Ortiz as Rocky Lionel Boyce as Carl Milana Vayntrub as Olesya Ilyukhina Ken Leung as Yao Priya Kansara as Mary Bastian Antonio Fuentes as Parker Production Notes: The film was directed by Phil Lord and Christopher Miller and adapted by Drew Goddard, who also wrote The Martian, giving this one a similar mix of hard-science problem solving, humor, and crowd-pleasing momentum. Production shot in the United Kingdom, with principal photography running from June through October 2024, centered at Shepperton Studios. The movie's cinematography was handled by Greig Fraser, with editing by Chris Dickens and Joel Negron, and music by Daniel Pemberton. One of the big talking points around the movie is how heavily it leans on practical filmmaking. Lord and Miller said the production avoided green screens on set, relying instead on built environments, controlled lighting, puppetry, and VFX enhancement later. Rocky was brought to life through a combination of puppetry, animatronics, and digital effects, with James Ortiz both performing and voicing the character. The approach clearly connected with audiences. The film opened to about $80.6 million domestic and roughly $141 million worldwide, making it Amazon MGM's biggest opening and the biggest opening weekend of 2026 so far. It was also produced at blockbuster scale, with reporting placing the budget around $200 million net. Rating Out of 10 But I Wanted to See Antartica Blow Up Daddy Brian: 8.35/10 Darryl: 8.28/10 Contact Us The Infamous Podcast can be found wherever podcasts are found on the Interwebs, feel free to subscribe and follow along on social media. And don't be shy about helping out the show with a 5-star review on Apple Podcasts to help us move up in the ratings. @infamouspodcast facebook/infamouspodcast instagram/infamouspodcast stitcher Apple Podcasts Spotify Google Play iHeart Radio contact@infamouspodcast.com Our theme music is ‘Skate Beat’ provided by Michael Henry, with additional music provided by Michael Henry. Find more at MeetMichaelHenry.com. The Infamous Podcast is hosted by Brian Tudor and Darryl Jasper, is recorded in Cincinnati, Ohio. The show is produced and edited by Brian Tudor. Subscribe today!
Let us know what you think!Episode OverviewHittin' the Bricks with Kathleen is the genealogy podcast that features your questions and her answers, focusing on how law, place, and history shape the records we rely on. In this episode, host Kathleen Brandt breaks down what “territory” really means in a genealogical context—and why your ancestor's rights, status, and documentation can change overnight when laws change.Using examples from Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, and the Philippines, this episode explains how legal status determines where records are kept, what rights were granted, and why incorrect assumptions often create genealogy brick walls.In This Episode, You'll LearnWhat “territory” means and how it differs from colony status in recordsWhy citizenship status affects where and how records were createdHow legal changes alter the paper trail across generationsWhere to find records across federal, territorial, and local systemsWhy assumptions about U.S. affiliation often lead to research errorsTopics CoveredColony vs. territory definitions and their impact on record trailsPuerto Rico citizenship after 1917 and where to research before that dateKey inhabited U.S. territories for genealogy researchU.S. citizen vs. U.S. national distinctionsRecord locations: federal archives, territorial archives, naval records, church registers, civil registrationGuam's citizenship timeline and unequal territorial treatmentMilitary service and draft records vs. proof of citizenshipCommon research mistakes tied to legal assumptionsUsing FamilySearch as a catalog and checklist toolEpisode Discussion & Key MomentsKathleen explores how the concept of “territory” is often misunderstood in genealogy, leading researchers to expect records and rights that did not exist at the time. She demonstrates how shifts in legal status—especially under U.S. governance—can dramatically alter what records were created, where they are stored, and how individuals were classified.The episode highlights case examples from Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, and the Philippines to show how citizenship, nationality, and governance differed across regions. Kathleen also explains why military service or draft registration does not automatically prove citizenship, and why careful interpretation of legal context is essential.A key takeaway is the importance of abandoning assumptions—particularly the belief that being “under the U.S. flag” guarantees uniform rights or record systems. Instead, researchers must follow the legal framework in place at the time their ancestors lived.Key questions examined include:How do changing laws affect the records your ancestors leave behind?Where should you look when records are not where you expect?What legal distinctions matter most for accurate genealogy research?Resources & Research Tools MentionedFederal and territorial archivesNaval and military recordsChurch registers and civil registration systemsFamilySearch catalog as a research checklistWhy This Episode MattersUnderstanding legal status is critical to accurate genealogy. This episode shows how misinterpreting terms like “tBe sure to bookmark linktr.ee/hittinthebricks for your one stop access to Kathleen Brandt, the host of Hittin' the Bricks with Kathleen. And, visit us on YouTube: @HTBKRB with Kathleen John and Chewey video recorded specials. Hittin' the Bricks is produced through the not-for-profit, 501c3 TracingAncestors.org.
The latest news in Samoan language (Gagana Samoa).
The latest news in Samoan language (Gagana Samoa).
The latest news in Samoan language (Gagana Samoa).
NFL Draft prospects reveal their true colors—who stands out for more than just talent? From Jeremiyah Love's stoic demeanor before heading to Notre Dame to Carnell Tate's quiet confidence prior to Ohio State, personality and grit take center stage. Discover how Rueben Bain's humility and Francis Mauigoa's powerhouse energy helped shape their pro readiness. What role do intangibles play in separating greatness from mere skill? Brian Smith shares insider stories from recruiting trail encounters with future stars like Caleb Downs, Monroe Freeling, and Keldric Faulk—all projected first-round picks with unique journeys. Insights include team-first leadership, technical mastery, and the quirks behind rural Alabama bull riding and American Samoa roots. Dive into the impact of NIL, transfer portal buzz, and why NFL scouts value character alongside measurable metrics. Are these rising stars truly ready for the pros? Everydayer Club If you never miss an episode, it's time to make it official. Join the Locked On Everydayer Club and get ad-free audio, access to our members-only Discord, and more — all built for our most loyal fans. Click here to learn more and join the community: https://theportal.supercast.com/ Support us by supporting our sponsors! 5-Hour ENERGY Have your cake & drink it too. Birthday cake-flavor is back, no fork needed. Vanilla-y cakey flavor, caffeinated kick, and no sugar. It's party time. Order Now at https://5-hourENERGY.com or Amazon. Mazda Like our players, we're driven by the details. Because highlights make the reel. What it takes to get there makes it count. There's more to a Mazda. Because there's more to you. TurboTax This year you're getting a major upgrade — Intuit TurboTax now has in-person locations nationwide. Visit http://TurboTax.com/local to book your appointment today. Robinhood You're no longer just a spectator. Play by play. You decide. Trade Every Play with Robinhood. Now available across the U.S. Download the Robinhood app now to begin. Futures and cleared swaps trading involves significant risk and is not appropriate for everyone. Event contracts are offered by Robinhood Derivatives, LLC., a registered futures commission merchant and swap firm. Indeed Listeners of this show get a $75 Sponsored Job Credit to help give your job the premium placement it deserves at http://Indeed.com/podcast Gametime Today's episode is brought to you by Gametime. Download the Gametime app, create an account, and use code LOCKEDON for $20 off your first purchase. Terms and conditions apply. FanDuel FanDuel is giving you a way to turn that energy into even bigger potential wins with a College Basketball Parlay Profit Boost. Visit https://FANDUEL.COM to get started — Play Your Game. FANDUEL DISCLAIMER: 21+ in select states. First online real money wager only. Bonus issued as nonwithdrawable free bets that expire in 14 days. Restrictions apply. See terms at sportsbook.fanduel.com. Gambling Problem? Call 1-800-GAMBLER or visit FanDuel.com/RG (CO, IA, MD, MI, NJ, PA, IL, VA, WV), 1-800-NEXT-STEP or text NEXTSTEP to 53342 (AZ), 1-888-789-7777 or visit ccpg.org/chat (CT), 1-800-9-WITH-IT (IN), 1-800-522-4700 (WY, KS) or visit ksgamblinghelp.com (KS), 1-877-770-STOP (LA), 1-877-8-HOPENY or text HOPENY (467369) (NY), TN REDLINE 1-800-889-9789 (TN) Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.
A veritable gold rush appears to be opening up, not in the dusty hills of California but in the deep seabeds of the Pacific Ocean that’s being driven by an insatiable global demand of critical minerals that power our electric cars, smartphones, computer chips and more. While manganese, nickel, cobalt and other critical minerals are currently being mined on land, they could also be extracted by mining seabeds in locations like Gulf of Alaska seamounts or near the U.S. territories of American Samoa and the Mariana Islands. Last April, President Trump issued an executive order directing federal agencies to fast-track the review and issuing of exploration licenses and commercial recovery permits for seabed minerals. The Metals Company, based in Canada, has applied for an exploration license and commercial recovery permit in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone, a massive band of the Pacific Ocean stretching between Hawai’i and Mexico that is thought to be rich in deposits of critical minerals. Last May, the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management approved a request from California-based Impossible Metals to begin a leasing process to explore for deep-sea minerals off the coast of American Samoa. Despite these companies’ claims that deep-sea mining is a more ethical and environmental alternative to terrestrial mining, it is rife with uncertainty and poses grave risks to the health and biodiversity of the deep ocean, according to Astrid Leitner, an oceanographer and assistant professor in the College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences at Oregon State University. She joins us to share more details, including the research she has done on deep sea ecosystems in areas the Trump administration is now interested in opening up to mining.
Group A strep might sound like a simple sore throat—but for many children and families in American Samoa, it can have life-threatening consequences. In this episode of the MotherToBaby Podcast, we sit down with Dr. Anaise Uso, a public health leader and mother, who shares both her professional and deeply personal experiences with strep infections, rheumatic fever, and rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Together, we explore: What Group A Strep is and the common signs of strep throat and skin infections. How untreated infections can progress into rheumatic fever and, ultimately, rheumatic heart disease. The unique challenges in American Samoa, where children are three times more likely to be affected than in neighboring Pacific Islands. The role of screening, prevention, and treatment programs, including antibiotics and regular monitoring. A personal story of Dr. Uso's son, who was diagnosed with RHD at age three, and how their family manages his care. How partnerships with CDC, AMCHP, and MotherToBaby are helping build resources, raise awareness, and strengthen prevention efforts. This episode highlights why early detection, treatment, and community awareness are critical - not only to protect children's immediate health, but also to prevent lifelong complications.
The latest news in Samoan language (Gagana Samoa).
The latest news in Samoan language (Gagana Samoa).
How the world views Mother Eve is how the world views women. Doctrine from The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints teaches that Eve was intelligent and courageous, that she understood that partaking of the fruit of the tree of knowledge of good and evil was the only way to put into motion the plan of our Heavenly Parents which allowed each of us to come to earth. So, she is revered and seen as an equal to Adam, unlike how she is often seen in many other spaces throughout the world. From this perspective though, our whole understanding and reverence for Adam and Eve and their equal partnership shifts, and this shift also changes our ideas about what it means to be in a marriage relationship. I'm joined today by Kenn Kuaea, a member of one of the LDS congregations in American Samoa. Thanks for listening! Want to learn more about this concept? Check out these podcasts: #218 Honest Relationships on Apple on Spotify #244 The Relationship Circle on Apple on Spotify #271 Equal Partnerships on Apple on Spotify #287 Equality in Your Relationships and Your Self-Worth on Apple on Spotify #298 Friendship in Marriage on Apple on Spotify #309 What an Equal Relationship Looks Like on Apple on Spotify #321 Clean Love and Relationships on Apple on Spotify #334 Sense of Self and Marriage on Apple on Spotify #375 Sense of Self and the Relationship Circle on Apple on Spotify #389 The Partnership of Marriage on Apple on Spotify #396 How to Have an Easy Relationship on Apple on Spotify Are you curious about what it would be like to work with me? Here are three options: Group coaching classes are available at tanyahale.com/groupcoaching Talk with Tanya is a free monthly webinar where you can ask me anything and we can have a great discussion. You can sign up for that at tanyahale.com/groupcoaching Interested in a free 90-minute coaching/consult with me? Access my calendar at: https://tanyahalecalendar.as.me/
The latest news in Samoan language (Gagana Samoa).
How the world views Mother Eve is how the world views women. Doctrine from The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints teaches that Eve was intelligent and courageous, that she understood that partaking of the fruit of the tree of knowledge of good and evil was the only way to put into motion the plan of our Heavenly Parents which allowed each of us to come to earth. So, she is revered and seen as an equal to Adam, unlike how she is often seen in many other spaces throughout the world. From this perspective though, our whole understanding and reverence for Eve shifts and this shift also changes our ideas about what it means to be a woman and the significance of it. I'm joined today by Luisa Kuaea, a member of one of the LDS congregations in American Samoa. Thanks for listening! Want to learn more about this concept? Check out these podcasts: #218 Honest Relationships on Apple on Spotify #244 The Relationship Circle on Apple on Spotify #271 Equal Partnerships on Apple on Spotify #287 Equality in Your Relationships and Your Self-Worth on Apple on Spotify #298 Friendship in Marriage on Apple on Spotify #309 What an Equal Relationship Looks Like on Apple on Spotify #321 Clean Love and Relationships on Apple on Spotify #334 Sense of Self and Marriage on Apple on Spotify #375 Sense of Self and the Relationship Circle on Apple on Spotify #389 The Partnership of Marriage on Apple on Spotify #396 How to Have an Easy Relationship on Apple on Spotify Are you curious about what it would be like to work with me? Here are three options: Group coaching classes are available at tanyahale.com/groupcoaching Talk with Tanya is a free monthly webinar where you can ask me anything and we can have a great discussion. You can sign up for that at tanyahale.com/groupcoaching Interested in a free 90-minute coaching/consult with me? Access my calendar at: https://tanyahalecalendar.as.me/
The latest news in Samoan language (Gagana Samoa).
Ralph welcomes Colonel Lawrence Wilkerson to discuss a wide range of topics, including NATO, Greenland, Gaza, and more. Then, Ralph speaks to Rabbi Alissa Wise (founding director of Rabbis for Ceasefire) about the “Jews for Food Aid for People in Gaza" campaign. Finally, Ralph and the team address some current events.Lawrence Wilkerson is a retired U.S. Army colonel. Over his 31 years of service, Colonel Wilkerson served as Secretary of State Colin Powell's Chief of Staff from 2002 to 2005, and Special Assistant to General Powell when he was Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from 1989 to 1993. Colonel Wilkerson also served as Deputy Director and Director of the U.S. Marine Corps War College at Quantico, Virginia, and for fifteen years he was the Distinguished Visiting Professor of Government and Public Policy at the College of William and Mary. He is currently a Senior Fellow at the Eisenhower Media Network, senior advisor to the Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft, and co-founder of the All-Volunteer Force Forum.You aren't a newspaper, not really, if you don't have the guts to go out and get the news wherever it's happening. And you're reporting, nonetheless, to the American people [on the truth]. And it's nothing about the truth. It's as bad as what Netanyahu does in his own country in Hebrew. It's propaganda. And in many cases, it's not even accurate propaganda. It's falsified propaganda. You know, there used to be a law. And the law prohibited anyone in the Defense Department, for example, but any of the government agencies (Defense Department was the most guilty) that said: you cannot propagandize the American people. You can propagandize foreign audiences—even in wartime, you can propagandize those audiences, but you must not propagandize the American people. You have to tell them the truth or tell nothing at all. And if you're a media outlet, you should be telling them the truth, or the truth as you best can determine it. We don't honor that law anymore.Colonel Lawrence WilkersonI think [NATO and the EU are] gone, but I think the prospect for the future ought to be that we replace them. We don't just let them go and not have a replacement. And the replacement should be a European security architecture, which includes the Russians. And last time I checked a Rand McNally map, Russia (at least from the Urals inward) was a part of Europe. And it needs to be based not on spheres of influence, but on economic and financial and other needs that all of that group of people have. That's how you create something that will keep Europe and Russia together and not at loggerheads.Colonel Lawrence WilkersonI've said this a number of times (publicly I've said it) —the January 6th attempt to overthrow the United States government in favor of Donald Trump didn't fail because the system held. It failed because the coup plotters were incompetent, and their incompetence was most visible in not having the military (or a sizable segment thereof). They will not do that again.Colonel Lawrence WilkersonRabbi Alissa Wise is the Lead Organizer of Rabbis for Ceasefire, which she founded in October 2023. She was a staff leader at Jewish Voice for Peace from 2011-2021 and co-founded the JVP Rabbinical Council in 2010. She is co-author of “Solidarity is the Political Version of Love: Lessons from Jewish Anti-Zionist Organizing”. She is also one of the organizers of the “Jews for Food Aid for People in Gaza” campaign.I think there is a lot of support in the Jewish community for living up to core liberatory values that there are within Jewish tradition. This is true in every religious tradition and it's true in Judaism, where you can open the sacred text and find a justification for oppression or you could open a sacred text and find a pathway to liberation. And so what we're inviting people into is to pull the thread of liberatory Judaism. And making the conscious choice that those are the threads of the tradition that we want to pull on.Rabbi Alissa WiseThere's nothing Jewish about what the state of Israel is doing—about the state of Israel at all. It's not actually a fulfillment of Jewish practice or tradition or Torah. It's not a Torah-based government. It's government. It's a nation state. It's a military. And it uses—as I was saying before, one could open the Torah and identify justification for endless war or justification for freedom. And I think they often use their Jewishness as a fig leaf in order to shield themselves from criticism because “when you criticize them, you're being anti-Semitic.” And they pull on certain quotes or elements of Jewish teachings that either seem to uphold what they're doing while at the same time being palatable and accessible to the Christian Zionists that actually have for a long time been empowering US foreign policy.Rabbi Alissa WiseNews 2/6/26* Last week, we discussed the showdown in Congress over forcing Bill and Hillary Clinton to testify before the House Oversight Committee regarding the Epstein probe. Despite pressure from Democratic House leadership, many Democrats broke ranks to vote in favor of holding the former President and former Secretary of State in contempt of Congress. If this vote had gone to the full House, it is possible the couple could have been jailed until they agreed to testify. Instead, this week, Bill and Hillary Clinton agreed to appear before the Committee. Bill Clinton's relationship with Epstein is well-documented through the flight logs and photos that have emerged since the passage of the Epstein Files Transparency Act. Hillary Clinton claims never to have met or spoken with the late sex offender and financier, per the BBC. Former President Clinton will appear for a deposition on February 27th; the former Secretary of State will appear the day before. This piece notes that this will mark the first time a former president has testified to Congress since Gerald Ford did so in 1983 – marking a watershed moment for Congress reasserting its constitutional authority.* In more news of Congress asserting its authority vis-a-vis the Epstein scandal, Representatives Ro Khanna and Thomas Massie appeared on “Meet the Press,” this week and said that while the release of the latest batch of files is “significant,” it “is not good enough.” Khanna estimates that only about half of the Epstein files have been released so far. Given how much we have learned from the files so far, it is anyone's guess what lurks in the files they have yet to release. Crucially, withholding the files is in direct contravention of the law authored by the two lawmakers. Khanna stated plainly that “If we don't get the remaining files…Thomas Massie and I are prepared to move on impeachment,” of Attorney General Pam Bondi. This from CNBC.* The Epstein scandal has contributed to growing fissures in the MAGA movement. Perhaps the most notable defector from that camp is retired Congresswoman Marjorie Taylor Greene. This week, Greene sat for an interview with conservative radio personality Kim Iversen, and said that President Trump's Make America Great Again slogan was “all a lie…a big lie for the people,” adding “What MAGA is really serving in this administration, who they're serving, is their big donors,” per the Hill. Elaborating further, Greene said that Trump's financial backers are the real beneficiaries of the supposedly populist movement, saying “They get the government contracts, they get the pardons, or somebody they love or one of their friends gets a pardon.” While Greene has resigned her seat in Congress, she shows little sign of disappearing from the public eye. Many speculate she could seek political office in the future, even the presidency, charting a path forward for a post-Trump GOP.* Another major fight in Congress has to do with checking the out of control Department of Homeland Security. While congressional Democrats' response to the events in Minneapolis leaves much to be desired, Senate Democratic leadership is pushing for reforms to “rein in” ICE and Border Patrol, including “body camera requirements, an end to roving patrols, elevated warrant requirements and a measure to ban officers from wearing masks,” per the Hill. While these reforms fall far short of what is needed, they would go a long way toward checking the worst excesses of these out of control organizations that have come to resemble nothing so much as secret police.* At the state level, the New York Times reports New York Attorney General Letitia James announced that her office will “deploy legal observers to document raids conducted by federal immigration authorities across the state.” These observers, who will be outfitted with clearly identifiable purple vests, are intended to serve as “neutral witnesses on the ground,” and will be “instructed not to interfere with enforcement activity.” This piece highlights that California and New York have already “unveiled online portals for residents to upload photos and videos of misconduct by federal agents that could be used in state lawsuits against the federal government.” A similar effort is being launched by New Jersey Governor Mikie Sherrill. It remains to be seen whether these attempts to step up oversight of ICE and CBP activity will check the flagrant misconduct we have seen in places in Minneapolis.* In more state and local news, the Root reports the Gullah-Geechee people – descendants of enslaved Africans who formed unique communities including a distinct culture and even language on the coasts of states like Georgia, Florida and the Carolinas – have scored a victory against gentrification on Sapelo Island, the only surviving Gullah-Geechee community in Georgia. In 2023, developers came in and, with local commissioners in their pockets attempted to “eliminate special zoning laws… [and] double the maximum home size on the island…to 3,000 square feet.” In response, local activists and groups like Keep Sapelo Geechee collected thousands of signatures to force a community vote on the matter. This measure passed late last month by a margin of 85%. While small in scale, this victory shows that when residents organize to protect their communities they can win, even in the face of long odds.* A more disturbing story of the American periphery comes to us from Bolts Magazine. This story concerns a family from American Samoa, an unincorporated U.S. Pacific territory where residents are “American Nationals” but not citizens of the United States. This family – Tupe Smith, her husband Mike Pese and their children – moved to Whittier, Alaska in 2017 to be close to Pese's mother. Smith, a pillar of the local community, was recruited to run for the school board and won unanimously. However, because she is only a National and not a citizen, despite having a U.S. passport and Social Security number, she was in fact not eligible to run for office or even vote. Smith was arrested and indicted on two charges of felony voter misconduct. The irony of this story is that “The Alaska DMV, which doubles as a voter registration office…did not [even] include [the option to identify as a non-citizen U.S. national on official forms] until 2022” and the state has admitted that it “registered an unspecified number of non-citizens to vote between 2022 and 2024.” Now, because of Alaska's own mistakes, some Nationals are beginning to be deported over their erroneous registrations. Beyond the bureaucratic incompetence, this is a story about the American empire designating people outside of U.S. mainland second-class citizens, or more precisely, Nationals, for no discernible reason other than keeping them as a permanent colonial underclass.* Speaking of American imperial expansion, the Financial Times reports Trump administration officials held covert meetings with fringe separatist groups from Canada's oil-rich province of Alberta, such as the far-right Alberta Prosperity Project. According to this report, separatist leaders have met with US state department officials in Washington three times since April 2025, and the separatists are seeking another meeting next month with state and Treasury officials to ask for a $500 billion credit line to help keep the province afloat financially if an independence referendum is passed. This blatant undermining of Canadian sovereignty triggered outcry in the country, with British Columbia premier David Eby saying “To go to a foreign country and to ask for assistance in breaking up Canada, there's an old fashioned word for that, and that word is treason.” This from another story in the FT.* In more Trump news, after a slew of embarrassing incidents including composer Philip Glass pulling his new Lincoln symphony from the Kennedy Center in protest and the arts director resigning after just days on the job, NPR reports the president announced he will close the center for two years for “Construction, Revitalization, and Complete Rebuilding.” As the NPR piece notes, this announcement has sent ripples of confusion through the D.C. arts world, including everyone from performers in long running shows like Shear Madness, which is currently booked at the center through October as well as unions with Kennedy Center contracts, such as the musicians of the National Symphony and backstage crew. Moreover, technically Congress would have to approve of this overhaul, though considering how deferential Republican congressional leaders have proven, they would likely rubber-stamp any proposed changes. Regardless, a long-term closure of the Kennedy Center would be a tragic loss for the cultural landscape of Washington and a humiliating acknowledgment of Trump's own mismanagement of the venerable institution.* Finally, we turn to the tiny island nation of Cuba, which has held out against imperialist pressure from the United States for so many decades. This week, President Trump told reporters “Mexico is gonna cease sending [Cuba] oil,” though he did not explain why, per Reuters. At the same time, the Guardian reports Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum has pledged to send humanitarian aid to Cuba adding that Mexico is “exploring all diplomatic avenues to be able to send fuel to the Cuban people,” despite the pressure campaign by the United States. She further claimed that despite Trump's comments, “We never discussed…the issue of oil with Cuba.” The Reuters piece however notes that “Trump has privately questioned Sheinbaum about crude and fuel shipments to Cuba,” and Sheinbaum “responded that the shipments are ‘humanitarian aid,'” and that Trump “did not directly urge Mexico to halt the oil deliveries.” On Sunday, the Hill reported Pope Leo XIV weighed in to beseech that the two nations engage in a “sincere and effective dialogue in order to avoid violence and every action that could increase the suffering of the dear Cuban people,” echoing a call by the Bishops of Cuba.This has been Francesco DeSantis, with In Case You Haven't Heard. Get full access to Ralph Nader Radio Hour at www.ralphnaderradiohour.com/subscribe
Stephen McGarvey is Professor Emeritus of Epidemiology at Brown University School of Public Health and Professor of Anthropology (Courtesy) at Brown University. He is an elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and on the editorial board of the American Journal of Human Biology. He was the recipient of the 2025 Franz Boas Distinguished Achievement Award from the Human Biology Association. McGarvey earned a Ph.D. in Anthropology from Pennsylvania State University in 1980, and an M.P.H. in Epidemiology from Yale University in 1984. McGarvey is concerned with issues of human population biology and global health, specifically modernization-related induced socio-economic and behavioral changes, genetic and environmental influences on obesity and cardiovascular disease risk factor, and child nutritional status. His research involves low and middle income countries now focused on Samoa, American Samoa, and South Africa. In this episode we discuss his concluding chapter of Princeton University Press book on Samoa research. ------------------------------ Contact Dr. McGarvey: stephen_mcgarvey@brown.edu ------------------------------ Contact the Sausage of Science Podcast and the Human Biology Association: Facebook: facebook.com/groups/humanbiologyassociation/, Website: humbio.org, Twitter: @HumBioAssoc Chris Lynn, Co-Host Website: cdlynn.people.ua.edu/, E-mail: cdlynn@ua.edu, Twitter:@Chris_Ly Courtney Manthey, Guest-Co-Host, Website: holylaetoli.com/ E-mail: cpierce4@uccs.edu, Twitter: @HolyLaetoli Anahi Ruderman, SoS Co-Producer, HBA Junior Fellow, E-mail: ruderman@cenpat-conicet.gob.ar
Send us a textBolts Magazine Journalist Alex Burness discusses his article from January 8, 2026, “Americans by Name, Punished for Believing it.” The story is an in-depth look at the case of Tupe Smith, an American Samoan woman living in Whittier who was persuaded to run for school board in 2023 and was elected only to learn afterwards that she was unqualified and had actually committed a crime. Then, ten other American Samoans in Whittier were charged with voter fraud. American Samoa is the only U.S. territory where residents are not automatically granted citizenship by being born on American soil and instead are considered U.S. nationals. Paths to citizenship exist, such as naturalization, though that process can be expensive and cumbersome.The American Samoans in this story are charged with felonies and face up to ten years in prison even though very few Alaskans understand American Samoans' status.Just a few days ago, on Thursday, January 15, 2026, the Alaska Court of Appeals heard arguments in the case against Tupe Smith. There's a chance that the court might dismiss the charges against Ms Smith; however, the state could then bring different charges or could appeal to the Alaska Supreme Court.
pWotD Episode 3165: New Year's Eve Welcome to popular Wiki of the Day, spotlighting Wikipedia's most visited pages, giving you a peek into what the world is curious about today.With 262,648 views on Wednesday, 31 December 2025 our article of the day is New Year's Eve.New Year's Eve in the Gregorian calendar refers to the evening—or commonly the entire day—of the last day of the year: 31 December. In many countries, New Year's Eve is celebrated with dancing, eating, drinking, and watching or lighting fireworks. Many Christians attend a watchnight service to mark the occasion. New Year's Eve celebrations generally continue into New Year's Day, 1 January, past midnight.The local time zone determines the advent of the New Year; the first places to welcome the New Year are west of the International Date Line: the Line Islands (part of Kiribati), Samoa and Tonga, in the Pacific Ocean. In contrast, American Samoa, Baker Island and Howland Island (part of the United States Minor Outlying Islands) are among the last.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 02:24 UTC on Thursday, 1 January 2026.For the full current version of the article, see New Year's Eve on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Bluesky at @wikioftheday.com.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm neural Stephen.
By the time the ball drops in Times Square tonight, the people of the Line Islands will be almost a full day into 2026. The islands are in the Pacific Ocean, south of Hawaii. But they’re just across the International Date Line. That makes the islands the first place to see the new year. The Date Line is needed because the time gets an hour earlier for every time zone west, and an hour later for every time zone east. Without a place to reset the date, time just wouldn’t make sense. The line mostly runs down the middle of the Pacific – half way around the globe from Greenwich, England, which is the starting point for the time system. But individual countries can set their own time zones. So the line zigzags between Alaska and Russia. And near the equator, it jumps more than a thousand miles to the east. That extension came three decades ago. The island nation of Kiribati changed its time zones. That made it easier for the country to do business with Australia, which is west of the Date Line. The country’s easternmost extension is the Line Islands. So the date changes there first – making the Line Islands the first places on Earth to ring in the new year. American Samoa is farther west than the Line Islands. But its time zone puts it on the opposite side of the Date Line – making it one of the last places to change the calendar. Script by Damond Benningfield
My Life As A Landlord | Rentals, Real Estate Investing, Property Management, Tenants, Canada & US.
We just bumped up our podcast library overnight! Today's episode is a summary, about the 11 location-specific episodes we added into the My Life As A Landlord Library, which are LIVE NOW. The summary today features Minnesota, Prince Edward Island, Washington DC, South Carolina, Kentucky, Illinois, Colorado, Yukon Territory, New Jersey, Queensland, Australia the Pacific Islands, a US Territory, which includes American Samoa, Guam and Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI).For each of these locations, there is an entire podcast dedicated to each State or Province. In each one we explore the overview of the housing guiding document for each location, answering the same four questions: 1) What are the basics of the State or Province or Territories' Tenancy or Housing Document2) What are the nuances of this location – what is different that stands out?3) Some guidance about abandoned items left behind by a tenant in a rental in each State or Province4) Where to get help in your local area in that State or Province. Today's episode is NOT all inclusive for any of these locations, mind you – you must research further in your specific area including your County, Regional District, Parish, City or any other Governing Body that involves your rental location, but today's summary episode will get you started!
My Life As A Landlord | Rentals, Real Estate Investing, Property Management, Tenants, Canada & US.
Today's location-specific episode features Pacific Islands, a US Territory that includes American Samoa, Guam, and the Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI). Each of my location-specific podcasts is set up the same way answering the same four questions: 1) What are the basics of the in this location2) What are the nuances of this location – what is different that stands out?3) Some guidance about abandoned items left behind by a tenant in a rental inPacific Islands, a US Territory4) Where to get help in your local area in Pacific Islands, a US Territory. Then I'll go through what I call my “Bingo Card” of standard items I see most often in tenancy laws in different locations. This episode is NOT all inclusive – you must research further in your specific area including your County, Regional District, Parish, City or any other Governing Body that involves your rental location, but today's episode will get you started!This episode includes resources for Pacific Islands, a US Territory including:CNMI Landlord and Tenant Rental Act of 2017Marianas Office - Micronesian Legal Services CorporationU.S. Affiliated Pacific Basin Jurisdictions: Legal, Geographic and Demographic InformationU.S. Territories: Guam and Other Pacific Islands Profile - SIECUSHome - American Samoa Bar AssociationSecretary of American SamoaAmerican Samoa Legal Aid: Justice for All
The latest news in Samoan language (Gagana Samoa).
The latest news in Samoan language (Gagana Samoa).
From November 16, 2024: Editor-in-Chief Benjamin Wittes sat down with Lawfare Senior Editors Scott Anderson, Alan Rozenshtein, and Quinta Jurecic and Executive Director of the Institute for Constitutional Advocacy and Protection Mary McCord about Donald Trump's picks for his Cabinet and senior-level administration positions, including Matt Gaetz as attorney general and Pete Hegseth as secretary of defense, the possibility of Trump using the recess appointment power, and more.Editor's note: During a discussion of Robert F. Kennedy, Jr.'s nomination to head the Department of Health and Human Services, we mentioned a 2019 outbreak of measles in Polynesia. The outbreak took place in Samoa, not American Samoa as we mistakenly stated.To receive ad-free podcasts, become a Lawfare Material Supporter at www.patreon.com/lawfare. You can also support Lawfare by making a one-time donation at https://givebutter.com/lawfare-institute.Support this show http://supporter.acast.com/lawfare. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
1 hour and 42 minutes The Sponsors Thank you to Underground Printing for making this all possible. Rishi and Ryan have been our biggest supporters from the beginning. Check out their wide selection of officially licensed Michigan fan gear at their 3 store locations in Ann Arbor or learn about their custom apparel business at undergroundshirts.com. Our associate sponsors are: Peak Wealth Management, Matt Demorest - Realtor and Lender, Ann Arbor Elder Law, Michigan Law Grad, Human Element, Sharon's Heating & Air Conditioning, The Sklars Brothers, Champions Circle, Winewood Organics, Community Pest Solutions, Venue by 4M where record this, and Introducing this season: Radecki Oral Surgery, and Long Road Distillers. 1. Michigan Hockey vs Michigan State Starts at :51 A very silly debate not worth publishing preceded the actual intro of this podcast. A split against Michigan State is a very fair result, the whole series was intense. The first period of the Saturday game was an onslaught that Michigan relatively survived, Jack Ivankovic has been solid. How many first and second rounders were in this game? The answer is in the double digits. Is the Big Ten the best hockey league in the world outside of the NHL? Most of the time this team looks dominant but looking back on that Wisconsin series and the first period against MSU on Saturday shows some concerning trends where Michigan can't get out of their own zone. Minnesota is surprisingly not what they've been in the last few years. 2. Men's Basketball vs Rutgers Starts at 26:05 Michigan is putting up demolitions not even predicted by Kenpom. If Michigan puts up a reasonable number of 3s there's just no way to beat them. What did Rutgers even do... get to 41% from 2? Well Michigan shot 72% from 2. They've played the 8th hardest schedule in the country, what even is there to say? Morez Johnson is shooting 3s now. Michigan had more offensive rebounds than misses from 2. Cadeau had an alarming turnover rate earlier in the season and most of those have gone away. Is Yaxel the alpha guy for scoring? Do you need one when you win games by 40? Roddy Gayle is rounding into the guy we originally thought he would be. The floor on this team is so high, if they shot 15% from 3 they'd probably still win by 10. The only teams that look mildly threatening on the schedule are Michigan State and Purdue. USC is also spicier than we thought. Michigan is now favored in every single game on the schedule. 3. Hot Takes, Football Offensive Recruiting Class Starts at 54:31 Takes hotter than Curt Cignetti walking off the field after beating Ohio State 13-10 to win the Big Ten Championship and reacting in NO WAY WHATSOEVER. Savion Hiter is the number one running back in the country and he has the tape to back it up. Brady Smigiel and Tommy Carr come in at QB, they won't see the field for a while but then you could have a redshirt sophomore starting after Bryce leaves. It's nice to see Michigan recruit like they have 105 guys in a class. Michigan loses a wide receiver but picks up Travis Johnson, also Brady Marchese and Jaylen Pile. Would've been nice to get a slot guy but nice to get a few receivers. They're all early enrolees. Matt Ludwig comes in at tight end and is the number one player in Montana, close enough to Idaho. Michigan should get tight ends from American Samoa and Alaska. Mason Bonner comes in from Colorado, keep an eye on him down the road. Malakai Lee is the headlining offensive lineman out of Hawaii, Bear McWhorter is an all-name nominee. Marky Walbridge is a quintessential under-scouted player. 4. Football Defensive Recruiting Class Starts at 1:20:32 Carter Meadows is the #6 overall player in the class, he could be the first overall player in the draft if he projects how he's supposed to. Taco Charlton comparison? Tariq Boney is the other edge, described as a violent high motor style. Titan Davis is Chris Wormley shaped but could move to defensive tackle, McHale Blade might be the most underrated guy in this class. Alister Vallejo, the Mason Graham comparison! He's a lot of peoples' favorite player in this class (a class with two five stars). Could he help next year? Many linebackers, mostly flyers and not an instant-impact class. Do not trust AI in your recruiting history research. The defensive back class is a little light, all four stars though. Jordan Deck is a Makari Paige kind of guy. They get a kicker who kicks and a longsnapper who long snaps, yay. Kerry Coombs comes in as special team coordinator. MUSIC: "Train Love"—Yor Old Droog "MAGIC"—Vince Staples and Mustard "I Need a Lover"—John Couger “Across 110th Street”—JJ Johnson and his Orchestra
Dr. Nicola Hawley is an Associate Professor of Epidemiology at the Yale School of Public Health, where she also holds a secondary appointment in Anthropology. She serves as Associate Director for Dissemination and Implementation Science at the Yale Center for Clinical Investigation. Trained as a human biologist, Dr. Hawley is an internationally recognized expert in maternal and child health, with a focus on how early life experiences, from pregnancy through childhood, shape long-term risks for obesity and chronic disease. Her research bridges epidemiology, anthropology, and global health, using community-engaged and culturally grounded approaches to improve health outcomes in under-resourced and Indigenous settings. Much of her work centers in the Pacific, particularly in Sāmoa and American Sāmoa, where she leads NIH- and PCORI-funded studies on gestational and Type 2 diabetes, obesity prevention, and intergenerational health. She's also deeply committed to mentorship, helping train the next generation of global health and maternal-child health researchers. ------------------------------ Find the work discussed in this episode: Heinsberg LW, Loia M, Tasele S, Faasalele-Savusa K, Carlson JC, Anesi S, et al. (2025) Study protocol for the Health Outcomes in Pregnancy and Early Childhood (HOPE) Study: A mother-infant study in American Samoa. PLoS One 20(9): e0326644. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0326644 ------------------------------ Contact the Sausage of Science Podcast and the Human Biology Association: Facebook: facebook.com/groups/humanbiologyassociation/, Website: humbio.org, Twitter: @HumBioAssoc Chris Lynn, Co-Host Website: cdlynn.people.ua.edu/, E-mail: cdlynn@ua.edu, Twitter:@Chris_Ly Courtney Manthey, Guest-Co-Host, Website: holylaetoli.com/ E-mail: cpierce4@uccs.edu, Twitter: @HolyLaetoli Anahi Ruderman, SoS Co-Producer, HBA Junior Fellow, E-mail: ruderman@cenpat-conicet.gob.ar
Episode 217Series: On the Mission Field - 24We have another great opportunity to sit down and talk with missionaries! In this episode, we are talking with Zach and Sarah Smith, missionaries to American Samoa. If you are anything like Jay, the only thing you might know about American Samoa are the famous people that originate or descend from there, like Tulsi Gabbard or Dwayne Johnson. There is so much more to the territory than its celebrities, of course, like the more than 50,000 souls that currently live there. Many of them would say they are Christian, but they do not have a personal relationship with Christ. These are the ones with whom Zach and Sarah would like to share the gospel. You will get to hear about God's call on both their individual lives and their life as a married couple, the work that has yet to be done in American Samoa, and what God is doing there right now. Could God be moving you to partner with them in the work?Listen to the Removing Barriers Podcast here:Spotify: https://cutt.ly/Ega8YeI Apple Podcast: https://cutt.ly/Vga2SVdEdifi: https://cutt.ly/Meec7nsvYouTube: https://cutt.ly/mga8A77Podnews: https://podnews.net/podcast/i4jxoSee all our platforms: https://removingbarriers.netContact us:Email us: https://removingbarriers.net/contactFinancially support the show: https://removingbarriers.net/donateAffiliates:Book Shop: https://bookshop.org/shop/removingbarriersChristian Books.com: https://www.christianbook.com/Christian/Books/home?event=AFF&p=1236574See all our affiliates: https://removingbarriers.net/affiliatesNotes:Website: https://smithstosamoa.com/
The latest news in Samoan language (Gagana Samoa).
The latest news in Samoan language (Gagana Samoa).
Israel and Hamas agree to the first phase of a ceasefire deal; Research suggests a gene variant carried by people from American Samoa, Tonga, and Hawaiʻi may be linked to obesity
THE LIONS DEN IS BACK FOLLOWING WHITE OUT WEEK!New Season, New Host. This week, Penn State TE Andrew Rappelyea hosts PSU Offensive Lineman Vega Loane. From growing up in American Samoa to becoming a standout on the Penn State Football offensive line. This episode explores the big picture of Vega's inspiring story, his keys to success, and what it takes to thrive as part of the Nittany Lions.Highlights from the episode include:- Vega's childhood in American Samoa and his late introduction to football. - The moment Penn State's iconic "White Out" game sparked his dream. - How family and sacrifice influenced his football career. - Insights into the competitive culture and leadership within the PSU football program. - The importance of teamwork, resilience, and personal growth on and off the field. FOLLOW STATE MEDIA HERE:► TWITTER | https://twitter.com/StateMediaPSU► TIKTOK | https://www.tiktok.com/@statemediapsu► INSTAGRAM | https://www.instagram.com/statemediapsu/► YOUTUBE | https://www.youtube.com/@StateMediaPSU?sub_confirmation=1► FACEBOOK | https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=61558183472272CHAPTERS:00:00 - Intro01:20 - Journey to Penn State06:50 - Welcome to College Football Moment14:32 - Living Situation16:03 - Importance of Sacrifice18:00 - Friendships with Past PSU Players19:40 - Role as Team Veteran25:05 - Routine Changes from Year 1 to Year 428:40 - Legacy at Penn State#collegefootball #nfl #cfb #pennstate #weare #happyvalley #football #sunday #saturday
Princess Mae and Tony Gaisoa are entrepreneurs from the Phillipines and American Samoa. Princess is a digital creator, influencer and sister of internet sensation and past podcast guest Bretman Rock. Tony is the owner and founder of USO Muscle Detailing and the commissioner of our fantasy football league that all of us are in. Together they are proud parents of 5 kids and one of the the best people to follow on social media.In this episode we talk about growing up in Hawai'i and American Samoa, raising their kids, how they met, their careers, their love for each other, future goals, and so much more.Find Princess here: https://www.instagram.com/realprincessmae/Find Tony here: https://www.instagram.com/tonygaisoa/Buy our merch on:Official website: https://keepitaloha.com/Support us on:Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/kamakadiasFollow us on:Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/keepitalohapod/Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/keepitalohapodTikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@keepitalohapod
Well, it's been quite a ride, but all good things, and even all mediocre things, must come to an end. Our four week series on the American Song Contest comes to a close, and it's actually got some decent stuff... and also some regrettable stuff too. But that's the ASC in a nutshell, so we talk ways to improve it if they ever attempt something so fool-hardy again. Jeremy cannot and will not feel the love for an audience plant, Dimitry's still pining for his Alaskan idol, and Oscar gives us the 90s Marvel card system to rank K-pop artists.Watch the finale of the ASC here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_diKd6VmRAWatch AleXa break the trophy here: https://www.youtube.com/shorts/tTyHuX9tJ3EThis week's companion playlist: https://open.spotify.com/playlist/4ARyAtJVjWI1QAm2390Jio The Eurovangelists are Jeremy Bent, Oscar Montoya and Dimitry Pompée.The theme was arranged and recorded by Cody McCorry and Faye Fadem, and the logo was designed by Tom Deja.Production support for this show was provided by the Maximum Fun network.The show is edited by Jeremy Bent with audio mixing help was courtesy of Shane O'Connell.Find Eurovangelists on social media as @eurovangelists on Instagram and @eurovangelists.com on Bluesky, or send us an email at eurovangelists@gmail.com. Head to https://maxfunstore.com/collections/eurovangelists for Eurovangelists merch. Also follow the Eurovangelists account on Spotify and check out our playlists of Eurovision hits, competitors in upcoming national finals, and companion playlists to every single episode, including this one!
We finally reach the end of the qualifiers of the American Song Contest, having heard songs from all fifty states, five territories and the District of Columbia, and now it's on to the two weeks of semifinals, where the remaining 22 of the original 56 competitors perform for the 10 spots in the finals. There's also a whole lot more time wasted on weird stuff that feels unnecessary, but that's the ASC, baby! Jeremy's having focus issues, Dimitry sees the Malibu Stacy of it all, and Oscar has a New England crush. Watch the episodes of the American Song Contest discussed here: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1RyPo0MDjoJgr0v0iYPE-oYEO4H5ugbRyThis week's companion playlist: https://open.spotify.com/playlist/5lOZAMPlovonlLJKM0rm3y The Eurovangelists are Jeremy Bent, Oscar Montoya and Dimitry Pompée.The theme was arranged and recorded by Cody McCorry and Faye Fadem, and the logo was designed by Tom Deja.Production support for this show was provided by the Maximum Fun network.The show is edited by Jeremy Bent with audio mixing help was courtesy of Shane O'Connell.Find Eurovangelists on social media as @eurovangelists on Instagram and @eurovangelists.com on Bluesky, or send us an email at eurovangelists@gmail.com. Head to https://maxfunstore.com/collections/eurovangelists for Eurovangelists merch. Also follow the Eurovangelists account on Spotify and check out our playlists of Eurovision hits, competitors in upcoming national finals, and companion playlists to every single episode, including this one!
An illegal voting case in Alaska highlights lingering confusion over the rights extended to the citizens of American Samoa, a U.S. territory. Eleven Samoans from Whittier, Alaska are charged with felonies for alleged voter fraud by participating in their local election. All have U.S. passports, were born on U.S. soil, and can even participate in the presidential primary process. The territory has been under heavy colonial pressure for centuries and has been under U.S. oversight for more than 125 years. But Congress never granted its citizens the right to vote in national elections. In another case, tribes in North Dakota were dealt a serious blow in their ongoing fight against redistricting that reduces their collective power in state elections. This is an encore presentation so we won't be taking calls
An illegal voting case in Alaska highlights lingering confusion over the rights extended to the citizens of American Samoa, a U.S. territory. Eleven Samoans from Whittier, Alaska are charged with felonies for alleged voter fraud by participating in their local election. All have U.S. passports, were born on U.S. soil, and can even participate in the presidential primary process. The territory has been under heavy colonial pressure for centuries and has been under U.S. oversight for more than 125 years. But Congress never granted its citizens the right to vote in national elections. In another case, tribes in North Dakota were dealt a serious blow in their ongoing fight against redistricting that reduces their collective power in state elections. GUESTS Charles Ala'ilima (Samoan), attorney Tafilisaunoa Toleafoa (Samoan), executive director of the Pacific Community of Alaska Neil Weare, co-director of Right to Democracy Nicole Donaghy (Hunkpapa Lakota), executive director of North Dakota Native Vote