The John Batchelor Show

1917 EDGAR RICE BURROUGHS. MARS1.Liz Peek discusses the market's current drift and the continued dominance of Artificial Intelligence, arguing AI is not a bubble but a rapidly adopted technology transforming productivity, with companies underhiring as they assess impact and investors needing exposure to this dominant sector.2.Liz Peek critiques California Governor Gavin Newsom, a potential 2028 presidential candidate, citing California'sstruggles with homelessness, illegal immigration, and a wealth tax driving residents away, characterizing him as a catastrophe whose record undermines his viability.3.Judy Dempsey and Thaddeus Mart dismiss Poland's reparation demands from Russia as political jostling, criticize Senator Rubio's visit to Hungary for bolstering Viktor Orbán, and note the Wagner Group's reported return to Europe as destabilizing.4.Judy Dempsey and Thaddeus Mart identify a leadership void in Europe, noting weakness in Macron and Starmer, arguing Europe possesses treaty tools for defense but lacks political will, often blaming Donald Trump rather than addressing internal paralysis.5.Mary Kissel praises Secretary Rubio's Munich speech for emphasizing Western defense but notes he was softer on China than expected, arguing Europe only strengthens military commitments when shamed by the US or facing immediate threats.6.Mary Kissel analyzes the massive US naval deployment near Iran as a credible threat to force regime compliance, dismissing Iran's military drills in the Straits of Hormuz as feeble, suggesting the administration will use force if Tehran refuses dismantlement.7.Jonathan Schanzer of the Foundation for Defense of Democracies analyzes Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan's disingenuous peace efforts, discusses US demands for Iran's total nuclear dismantlement, and highlights strategic confusion regarding the Board of Peace and Hamas supporters' involvement.8.Jonathan Schanzer describes Syria as effectively a Turkish proxy state viewed with danger by the region, discussing President Trump's announcement of five billion dollars from the Board of Peace for Gaza while expressing skepticism about Turkey and Qatar's reconstruction roles.9.Joseph Sternberg of the Wall Street Journal discusses European leaders finally addressing the continent's economic dysfunction compared to the US, noting proposals for a twenty-eighth regime to simplify business laws while politicians like Meloni and Merz face challenges balancing welfare states with growth reforms.10.Joseph Sternberg analyzes Prime Minister Keir Starmer's crash and burn scenario despite a large parliamentary majority, weakened by scandals and party infighting, with survival relying on the lack of compelling alternatives while constant policy reversals leave his government unable to foster growth.11.Alejandro Peña Esclusa details his transition from businessman to Venezuela's first political prisoner as Hugo Chávez, aided by the São Paulo Forum, dismantled democracy, recounting cacerolazo pot-banging protests and how the regime systematically destroyed the economy and persecuted dissenters.12.Alejandro Peña Esclusa discusses the reported capture of Nicolás Maduro, described as a Cuban asset and drug cartel leader, noting Venezuelans are cautiously celebrating with open protests while threats remain from radical groups and international friction regarding the transition.13.Gregory Copley of Defense & Foreign Affairs discusses the US deployment of one hundred troops to Nigeria to counter ISIS and Boko Haram, arguing stability requires addressing economic disenfranchisement from damming the River Niger rather than treating symptoms with military advisors.14.Gregory Copley reports Nigerian President Tinubu advocates for an African credit rating agency to reduce reliance on external assessments from firms like Moody's, reflecting growing desire for statistical independence and better quantification of local economies to attract investment.15.Gregory Copley argues Europe suffers from a leadership vacuum caused by post-WWII dependency on the US and bureaucratic corrosion within the EU, with economic recovery requiring slashing regulations as current welfare models become unsustainable amidst geopolitical threats.16.Gregory Copley notes that despite scandals surrounding Prince Andrew, the Royal Family remains essential glue holding the UK and Commonwealth together, with the King and working royals performing vital diplomatic functions while spares struggle without defined roles.

  Gregory Copley notes that despite scandals surrounding Prince Andrew, the Royal Family remains essential glue holding the UK and Commonwealth together, with the King and working royals performing vital diplomatic functions while spares struggle without defined roles.1900 BRUSSELS

Gregory Copley argues Europe suffers from a leadership vacuum caused by post-WWII dependency on the US and bureaucratic corrosion within the EU, with economic recovery requiring slashing regulations as current welfare models become unsustainable amidst geopolitical threats.1900 BRUSSELS PLACE OF MARTYS

Gregory Copley reports Nigerian President Tinubu advocates for an African credit rating agency to reduce reliance on external assessments from firms like Moody's, reflecting growing desire for statistical independence and better quantification of local economies to attract investment.1910 BRUSSELS CATHEDRAL

Gregory Copley of Defense & Foreign Affairs discusses the US deployment of one hundred troops to Nigeria to counter ISIS and Boko Haram, arguing stability requires addressing economic disenfranchisement from damming the River Niger rather than treating symptoms with military advisors.1910 BRUSSELS

Alejandro Peña Esclusa discusses the reported capture of Nicolás Maduro, described as a Cuban asset and drug cartel leader, noting Venezuelans are cautiously celebrating with open protests while threats remain from radical groups and international friction regarding the transition.1900 PRESIDENT CIPRIANO CASTRO AND CABINET

Alejandro Peña Esclusa details his transition from businessman to Venezuela's first political prisoner as Hugo Chávez, aided by the São Paulo Forum, dismantled democracy, recounting cacerolazo pot-banging protests and how the regime systematically destroyed the economy and persecuted dissenters.1870 CARACAS

Joseph Sternberg analyzes Prime Minister Keir Starmer's crash and burn scenario despite a large parliamentary majority, weakened by scandals and party infighting, with survival relying on the lack of compelling alternatives while constant policy reversals leave his government unable to foster growth.1900 NETHERLANDS

Joseph Sternberg of the Wall Street Journal discusses European leaders finally addressing the continent's economic dysfunction compared to the US, noting proposals for a twenty-eighth regime to simplify business laws while politicians like Meloni and Merz face challenges balancing welfare states with growth reforms.1900 BRUSSELS

Jonathan Schanzer describes Syria as effectively a Turkish proxy state viewed with danger by the region, discussing President Trump's announcement of five billion dollars from the Board of Peace for Gaza while expressing skepticism about Turkey and Qatar's reconstruction roles.1900 BRUSSELS

Jonathan Schanzer of the Foundation for Defense of Democracies analyzes Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan's disingenuous peace efforts, discusses US demands for Iran's total nuclear dismantlement, and highlights strategic confusion regarding the Board of Peace and Hamas supporters' involvement.1900 BRUSSELS

Mary Kissel analyzes the massive US naval deployment near Iran as a credible threat to force regime compliance, dismissing Iran's military drills in the Straits of Hormuz as feeble, suggesting the administration will use force if Tehran refuses dismantlement.1900 BRUSSELS

Mary Kissel praises Secretary Rubio's Munich speech for emphasizing Western defense but notes he was softer on China than expected, arguing Europe only strengthens military commitments when shamed by the US or facing immediate threats.1900 BRUSSELS BOTANICAL GARDEN

Judy Dempsey and Thaddeus Mart identify a leadership void in Europe, noting weakness in Macron and Starmer, arguing Europe possesses treaty tools for defense but lacks political will, often blaming Donald Trump rather than addressing internal paralysis.1900 BRUSSELS

Judy Dempsey and Thaddeus McCotter dismiss Poland's reparation demands from Russia as political jostling, criticize Senator Rubio's visit to Hungary for bolstering Viktor Orbán, and note the Wagner Group's reported return to Europe as destabilizing.1900  BRUSSELS

Liz Peek critiques California Governor Gavin Newsom, a potential 2028 presidential candidate, citing California'sstruggles with homelessness, illegal immigration, and a wealth tax driving residents away, characterizing him as a catastrophe whose record undermines his viability.1900 BRUSSELS, PRINCE OF WALES ATTACKED

Liz Peek discusses the market's current drift and the continued dominance of Artificial Intelligence, arguing AI is not a bubble but a rapidly adopted technology transforming productivity, with companies underhiring as they assess impact and investors needing exposure to this dominant sector.1900 BRUSSELS

EUROPEAN REGULATORY REFORM PREVIEW FOR LATER: Joseph Sternberg discusses how unlikely political coalitions in Europe, such as Merz and Meloni, are aligning to push for less EU regulation to boost economic competitiveness. Guest: Joseph Sternberg1910 BRUSSELS

UBIO'S MUNICH SPEECH PREVIEW FOR LATER: Judy Dempsey reports that Marco Rubio's Munich speech was poorly received, described as vapid and lacking reassurance regarding the US commitment to European allies. Guest: Judy Dempsey1810

THE CHINA TRADE PARADOX PREVIEW FOR LATER: Mary Kissel explains the paradox of the West continuing trade with China despite its support for Russia's war, unlike the severed commercial ties with Moscow. Guest: Mary Kissel1650

BIG OIL'S STRATEGIC PIVOT PREVIEW FOR LATER: Liz Peek details how big oil companies are pivoting back to fossil fuels from renewables, recognizing the indefinite global demand for oil and new resources. Guest: Liz Peek SAN DIEGO1940

VENEZUELA'S ANTI-AMERICAN TURN PREVIEW FOR LATER: Alejandro Peña Esclusa describes how Hugo Chávez, under Castro's orders, turned prosperous Venezuela into an anti-American state allied with China, Russia, and Iran. Guest: Alejandro Peña Esclusa1883 CARACAS

REGIONAL ANXIETY OVER SYRIA PREVIEW FOR LATER: Jonathan Schanzer analyzes regional fears regarding Syria, where neighbors worry about a potential al-Qaeda regime or a proxy government controlled by Turkey's Erdogan. Guest: Jonathan Schanzer1879

Guest: Patrick K. O'Donnell. This segment introduces the "Jesse Scouts," a Union special forces unit formed by John Frémont and named after his wife. Led by figures like John Charles Carpenter, these men wore Confederate disguises to infiltrate enemy lines. Despite their effectiveness as commandos, their lack of discipline led to friction with the regular Army. Guest: Patrick K. O'Donnell. Richard Blazer leads the "Legion of Honor," a hunter-killer team using Jesse Scout tradecraft to fight Confederate partisans in West Virginia. Blazer employs detective work to track down the ruthless Thurman brothers, who attack Union supply lines in the rugged terrain of the Appalachians. Guest: Patrick K. O'Donnell. A failed Union raid on Richmond carrying orders to kill Jefferson Davis prompts the Confederacy to escalate irregular warfare and political influence operations. As the Confederate Secret Service aids the Copperhead movement, author Herman Melville embeds with Union cavalry to witness the hunt for the elusive John Mosby. Guest: Patrick K. O'Donnell. Confederate General Jubal Early threatens Washington, D.C., where Lincolnwitnesses the battle at Fort Stevens. Meanwhile, partisan leader John Mosby operates independently, capturing Union forces at Mount Zion Church. O'Donnell notes that better coordination between Early and Mosby could have endangered the capital. Guest: Patrick K. O'Donnell. Grant orders total war in the Shenandoah Valley to crush Mosby's Rangers. Although Richard Blazer's scouts initially have success with Spencer carbines, they are eventually lured into a trap and annihilated by Mosby's men at Kabletown, where Blazer is captured by Ranger Lewis Powell. Guest: Patrick K. O'Donnell. Lewis Powell, the Ranger who captured Blazer, is revealed to be a Confederate Secret Service operative working with John Wilkes Booth. Powell returns to Baltimore to aid in a plot to kidnap Lincoln, while Mosby deploys troops to secure a potential escape route for the conspirators. Guest: Patrick K. O'Donnell. Harry Harrison Young takes command of the Jesse Scouts, serving as Sheridan'sstrategic eyes in Confederate uniforms. These daring scouts deceive enemy forces and carry messages through enemy lines, enabling Sheridan to move his army effectively to join Grant and trap Lee. Guest: Patrick K. O'Donnell. Robert E. Lee rejects the option of guerrilla warfare at Appomattox, choosing surrender to preserve the nation. Years later, former partisan John Singleton Mosby becomes close friends with U.S. Grant and joins the Republican Party, earning the enmity of many Southerners but symbolizing reconciliation. Guest: Michael Vorenberg. At Appomattox, Grant offers generous terms allowing Confederates to keep horses and sidearms. However, Lincoln does not immediately declare the war over; in his final speech, he focuses on the complex path to peace and suffrage, viewing the surrender as a step rather than a conclusion. Guest: Michael Vorenberg. Following Lincoln's assassination, General Sherman negotiates a surrender with Confederate General Johnston at Bennett Place. Sherman attempts to secure a comprehensive peace including civil matters, but officials in Washington, seeking stricter retribution, reject the terms as too generous, forcing a second, purely military surrender. Guest: Michael Vorenberg. While the Grand Review celebrates victory in Washington, General Sheridan is sent to the Texas border with 50,000 troops to counter French imperial ambitions in Mexico and suppress remaining Confederate resistance. Meanwhile, Confederate General Kirby Smith flees to Mexico rather than surrender his western forces. Guest: Michael Vorenberg. The government utilizes military tribunals to try Lincoln's assassins and Andersonville commandant Henry Wirz, arguing the war is ongoing. Prosecutors hope to pressure Wirz into implicating Jefferson Davis in prisoner atrocities to justify hanging the Confederate president, but Wirz refuses and is executed alone. Guest: Michael Vorenberg. Vorenberg discusses Richard Henry Dana's "Grasp of War" speech, which argued the war could not end until the victor secured guarantees against future conflict. This philosophy, demanding the enemy be held down, contrasted sharply with Lincoln's "let 'em up easy" wrestling metaphor, fueling Congressional debates over reconstruction. Guest: Michael Vorenberg. Vorenberg explains how President Johnson's racism and desire for a hasty peace alienated Congress. Johnson vetoed the Civil Rights and Freedman's Bureau Acts, arguing the war was over. Republicans, however, insisted war powers remained necessary to protect freedmen, leading them to override Johnson and unite against him. Guest: Michael Vorenberg. To undercut radicals, Johnson followed Seward's advice to declare the insurrection ended by executive proclamation in 1866. Vorenberg notes this "official" peace ignored realities like the New Orleans massacre. Simultaneously, Senator Doolittle was misled by General Carlton regarding the mistreatment of the Navajo at Bosque Redondo during his peace commission tour. Guest: Michael Vorenberg. General Grant found himself caught between a hostile President Johnson and Secretary Stanton. Vorenberg describes the disastrous "swing around the circle" tour, where Johnson used Grant'spopularity as a shield while making embarrassing speeches. Witnessing Johnson's behavior, Grant ultimately sided with Stanton, realizing the President was unworthy of his loyalty.

Guest: Michael Vorenberg. General Grant found himself caught between a hostile President Johnson and Secretary Stanton. Vorenberg describes the disastrous "swing around the circle" tour, where Johnson used Grant's popularity as a shield while making embarrassing speeches. Witnessing Johnson's behavior, Grant ultimately sided with Stanton, realizing the President was unworthy of his loyalty.1910 GAR ARLINGTON

Guest: Michael Vorenberg. To undercut radicals, Johnson followed Seward's advice to declare the insurrection ended by executive proclamation in 1866. Vorenberg notes this "official" peace ignored realities like the New Orleans massacre. Simultaneously, Senator Doolittle was misled by General Carlton regarding the mistreatment of the Navajo at Bosque Redondo during his peace commission tour.1880 GAR BUILDING

Guest: Michael Vorenberg. Vorenberg explains how President Johnson's racism and desire for a hasty peace alienated Congress. Johnson vetoed the Civil Rights and Freedman's Bureau Acts, arguing the war was over. Republicans, however, insisted war powers remained necessary to protect freedmen, leading them to override Johnson and unite against him.1888 GAR Columbus Ohio

Guest: Michael Vorenberg. Vorenberg discusses Richard Henry Dana's "Grasp of War" speech, which argued the war could not end until the victor secured guarantees against future conflict. This philosophy, demanding the enemy be held down, contrasted sharply with Lincoln's "let 'em up easy" wrestling metaphor, fueling Congressional debates over reconstruction.1888 GAR MERRIMAC FLOAT

Guest: Michael Vorenberg. The government utilizes military tribunals to try Lincoln's assassins and Andersonvillecommandant Henry Wirz, arguing the war is ongoing. Prosecutors hope to pressure Wirz into implicating Jefferson Davis in prisoner atrocities to justify hanging the Confederate president, but Wirz refuses and is executed alone.2018 GARWASHINGTON DC.

Guest: Michael Vorenberg. While the Grand Review celebrates victory in Washington, General Sheridan is sent to the Texas border with 50,000 troops to counter French imperial ambitions in Mexico and suppress remaining Confederate resistance. Meanwhile, Confederate General Kirby Smith flees to Mexico rather than surrender his western forces.1948. GAR LAST POSTING

Guest: Michael Vorenberg. Following Lincoln's assassination, General Sherman negotiates a surrender with Confederate General Johnston at Bennett Place. Sherman attempts to secure a comprehensive peace including civil matters, but officials in Washington, seeking stricter retribution, reject the terms as too generous, forcing a second, purely military surrender.1925 GAR NEW BEDFOR POST

Guest: Michael Vorenberg. At Appomattox, Grant offers generous terms allowing Confederates to keep horses and sidearms. However, Lincoln does not immediately declare the war over; in his final speech, he focuses on the complex path to peace and suffrage, viewing the surrender as a step rather than a conclusion.1920 MORGAN POST MINNESOTA

Guest: Patrick K. O'Donnell. Robert E. Lee rejects the option of guerrilla warfare at Appomattox, choosing surrender to preserve the nation. Years later, former partisan John Singleton Mosby becomes close friends with U.S. Grant and joins the Republican Party, earning the enmity of many Southerners but symbolizing reconciliation.1914 GAR DETROIT

Guest: Patrick K. O'Donnell. Harry Harrison Young takes command of the Jesse Scouts, serving as Sheridan'sstrategic eyes in Confederate uniforms. These daring scouts deceive enemy forces and carry messages through enemy lines, enabling Sheridan to move his army effectively to join Grant and trap Lee.1914 GAR PARADE DETROIT, MICHIGAN

Guest: Patrick K. O'Donnell. Lewis Powell, the Ranger who captured Blazer, is revealed to be a Confederate Secret Service operative working with John Wilkes Booth. Powell returns to Baltimore to aid in a plot to kidnap Lincoln, while Mosby deploys troops to secure a potential escape route for the conspirators.1910 GAR LIBRARY OF CONGRESS

Guest: Patrick K. O'Donnell. Grant orders total war in the Shenandoah Valley to crush Mosby's Rangers. Although Richard Blazer's scouts initially have success with Spencer carbines, they are eventually lured into a trap and annihilated by Mosby's men at Kabletown, where Blazer is captured by Ranger Lewis Powell.1910 GAR NEW ORLEANS

Guest: Patrick K. O'Donnell. Confederate General Jubal Early threatens Washington, D.C., where Lincoln witnesses the battle at Fort Stevens. Meanwhile, partisan leader John Mosby operates independently, capturing Union forces at Mount Zion Church. O'Donnell notes that better coordination between Early and Mosby could have endangered the capital.1908 GAR TOLEDO OHIO

Guest: Patrick K. O'Donnell. A failed Union raid on Richmond carrying orders to kill Jefferson Davis prompts the Confederacy to escalate irregular warfare and political influence operations. As the Confederate Secret Service aids the Copperhead movement, author Herman Melville embeds with Union cavalry to witness the hunt for the elusive John Mosby1880 GAR PICNIC MN

Guest: Patrick K. O'Donnell. Richard Blazer leads the "Legion of Honor," a hunter-killer team using Jesse Scouttradecraft to fight Confederate partisans in West Virginia. Blazer employs detective work to track down the ruthless Thurman brothers, who attack Union supply lines in the rugged terrain of the Appalachians.1880 GAR MN

Guest: Patrick K. O'Donnell. This segment introduces the "Jesse Scouts," a Union special forces unit formed by John Frémont and named after his wife. Led by figures like John Charles Carpenter, these men wore Confederate disguises to infiltrate enemy lines. Despite their effectiveness as commandos, their lack of discipline led to friction with the regular Army.1879 GAR IN HARPER'S

PREVIEW FOR LATER TODAY Guest: Michael Vorenberg. Vorenberg discusses how President Johnson'sobstructionism inadvertently unified Republicans, enabling the passage of the Reconstruction Acts and the 14th and 15th Amendments.1865 INAUGURATION OF ANDREW JOHNSON FOLLOWING LINCOL'S DEATH.

PREVIEW FOR LATER TODAY Guest: Patrick O'Donnell. O'Donnell details the Confederate Secret Service'soriginal, failed plot to kidnap President Lincoln and whisk him to Richmond using a network of safe houses.1865 SURATT JURY

PREVIEW FOR LATER TODAY Guest: Patrick K. O'Donnell. O'Donnell explains how General Sheridan utilized "special forces" scouts to identify Confederate weak points at Five Forks, leading to Lee's evacuation and surrender.1865 FIVE FORKS

TARIFFS:  Guest: Richard Epstein. Epstein discusses President Trump's reported plan to roll back aluminum tariffs, a reaction to rising consumer costs and the president's falling poll numbers.1907 WIRE MILL, ALLENTOWN, PA

SCOTUS:: Guest: Richard Epstein. Epstein analyzes the legal implications of President Trumpfiring Federal Reserve governor Lisa Cook, debating the limits of the unitary executive power.1889 SCOTUS

3.Michael Vlahos as Germanicus explores with Gaius the seventeenth-century practice of dynastic marriage as a superior geopolitical tool compared to modern warfare's impulse toward total destruction. Gaius highlights the unions connecting the Hapsburg, Bourbon, and Stuart empires, observing that the magic of resolving conflict through marriage has been lost entirely. Germanicus explains that these networks of bloodlines created a unified European sensibility and stability that limited war's severity because monarchs were cousins bound by family obligation and shared aristocratic culture. Wars remained limited affairs rather than existential struggles for national survival. Germanicus attributes the loss of this restraint to the French Revolution, which replaced aristocratic connections with religious nationalism and a Darwinianstruggle for survival, culminating in the total wars of the twentieth century that devastated entire civilizations. While true dynastic geopolitics has vanished from international relations, Germanicus observes a strange egalitarian counterpart emerging in the American overclass through the nepo baby phenomenon. He argues that elite families in Hollywood and politics now pass down wealth and status across generations, mimicking aristocratic patterns without the intergenerational stability, diplomatic utility, or civilizational responsibility characteristic of Roman senatorial families or royal Europeanhouses.

2.Michael Vlahos as Germanicus joins Gaius in examining the elite obsession with Jeffrey Epstein through a historical lens of witchcraft and sorcery accusations. Gaius introduces an analogy involving Louis XIII using accusations of witchcraft to explain political assassinations, applying this framework to the modern overclass fascination with Epstein. He suggests elites cast Epstein as a sorcerer figure to absolve themselves of complicity in his crimes and their own participation in corruption. Germanicus agrees, arguing that the atheistic ruling class deploys Epstein as a fallen angel archetype, framing him as an unstoppable supernatural force of seduction so they can claim victimhood rather than confronting systemic corruption. Germanicus illustrates this dynamic with a story from The Howling about monks imprisoning the devil to prevent war, symbolizing humanity's desire to externalize evil rather than confront personal sin. The sheer volume of released Epstein files acts as contracts for sold souls, reinforcing the narrative that an external devil bears responsibility. Germanicus concludes these elites are cynical materialists who, unable to comprehend spiritual dynamics or acknowledge their own guilt, retreat to ancient superstitions to explain their entrapment and exonerate themselves from the corrupt world they lead.3.Michael Vlahos as Germanicus explores with Gaius the seventeenth-century practice of dynastic marriage as a superior geopolitical tool compared to modern warfare's impulse toward total destruction. Gaius highlights the unions connecting the Hapsburg, Bourbon, and Stuart empires, observing that the magic of resolving conflict through marriage has been lost entirely. Germanicus explains that these networks of bloodlines created a unified European sensibility and stability that limited war's severity because monarchs were cousins bound by family obligation and shared aristocratic culture. Wars remained limited affairs rather than existential struggles for national survival. Germanicus attributes the loss of this restraint to the French Revolution, which replaced aristocratic connections with religious nationalism and a Darwinian struggle for survival, culminating in the total wars of the twentieth century that devastated entire civilizations. While true dynastic geopolitics has vanished from international relations, Germanicus observes a strange egalitarian counterpart emerging in the American overclass through the nepo baby phenomenon. He argues that elite families in Hollywood and politics now pass down wealth and status across generations, mimicking aristocratic patterns without the intergenerational stability, diplomatic utility, or civilizational responsibility characteristic of Roman senatorial families or royal European houses.

  1.Michael Vlahos as Germanicus debates Gaius in Londinium on parallels between FDR's strategic pivoting in 1941 and the modern United States facing a two-front confrontation against Russia and China. While FDR successfully managed a global vision across separate theaters in Europe and the Pacific, Germanicus argues the contemporary US faces a far more dire reality. Unlike 1941 when American industrial capacity was ascending and capable of outproducing all adversaries, today's United States lacks the manufacturing base to fight simultaneously on two fronts. Germanicus notes that China possesses two hundred times the shipbuilding capability of the US and that American naval vessels are currently covered in rust from neglect. While Gaius observes that FDR prepared Americans for initial losses and questions whether Russia and China constitute a unified axis similar to the Tripartite Pact, Germanicus contends modern America is too divided domestically to absorb military reverses. He argues that Russia and China effectively operate as a single Eurasian entity playing a long game, while the US is losing its proxy war in Ukraine and lacks both military discipline and industrial might to confront Putin and Xi Jinping's strategic patience.

8.  Guest: Hampton Sides. Retreating to Hawaii's Kealakekua Bay during a festival, Cook is welcomed as the god Lono. However, a broken mast forces an unwelcome return during a season of war. Tensions rise over a stolen boat, leading Cook to attempt kidnapping the king. This error in judgment results in Cook's violent death.1815

7.  Guest: Hampton Sides. Cook maps the North American coast, stopping at Nootka Sound for repairs before charting Alaska. Searching for the Northwest Passage, they enter the Bering Sea. There, they encounter the "Ice Blink" and an impenetrable ice wall, disproving theories of an open polar sea and forcing a dangerous retreat.

6..  Guest: Hampton Sides. Cook unexpectedly discovers the Hawaiian Islands, landing at Kauai. He is amazed by the sophisticated agriculture and aqueducts but stays briefly, rushing toward the Arctic. This first contact is mutual puzzlement; locals view the British as "volcano people" due to their smoking, while Cook worries about transmitting disease.