Podcasts about Gh3

Elite fastener mud racers Bob "GQ" Baer, Jake "Valdez" Davis, and GH3 break a shocking development pertaining to the 2024 Rugged Nut event scheduled ahead of this year's MWFA FSTNR week.  How will this news impact the growing tradition, and what does it mean for the future of fastener mud racing?  Run time: 16:33

Amery Calvelli, Adjunct Curator, caught up with Pat Hanson, a founding partner gh3* to discuss a pavilion in Borden Park and an engineering building, both in Edmonton, that employ glass in an innovative way. Join Amery in her exploration into the “250 things” that architects should know. Image credit: Borden Park Pavilion interior views, courtesy of Gh3*

Entrevistamos a Encarni Manfredi, la que fue por un rato "suegra" de Kiko Hernández y se dio a conocer defendiendo a su hija Patricia Ledesma, pareja de Kiko Hernández en el reality GH3. Encarni estuvo en A tu lado, Hotel Glam, Crónicas Marcianas, Salsa Rosa y últimamente triunfó en Ven a Cenar Conmigo. Divertidísima charla con Encarni Manfredi.

We talk about storage space and how to archive video files properly. Rich talks up about buying a fire proof safe. We also chat with up and coming wedding videographer Carl Hagen about his new blog and how he is finding his first years as a wedding videographer whilst working full time in his other job. Thank you for listening.   SUBSCRIBE on iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/gb/podcast/our-week-in-video-video-production/id955970525?mt=2   To view Carl's website click here: http://www.pretendimnothere.co.uk To see our work follow these links: Ben’s http://www.brutoncoxvisuals.com http://www.theweddingcut.com https://twitter.com/brutoncox   Rich’s http://www.auroravideo.co.uk https://twitter.com/auroravideo

- fall out boy inspires Cloverfield - gamers backlash dopey FOX psychologist - Josh settles the GH3 vs Rock Band debate once and for all - new death cab for cutie - movie reviews and cd reviews

Activision and Blizzard merger, Feral Announces The Movies: Stunts and Effects and Tomb Raider: Anniversary, Enemy Territory: Quake Wars Mac set for release early next year according to amazon, NWN2 pre-orders now available from MGS, GH3 gone Gold, to be released on mac 10th December, TUAW Unhappy With Aspyr's Attitude Toward Games, Carmack Unhappy With Apple's Attitude Toward Games, ScummVM Hits iPhone and iPod Touch, Apple announces proper iPhone SDK coming next year, Heroes Of Might And Magic V Critical Update Released, Neon Tango Beta test, EVE Online released, IMG has done a beginners guide for interested parties, Virtual Programming Updates Games For Leopard, Avernum 5 released and more recently has been updated to 1.01 fixing a few bugs etc., MacFun site re-launched, Gametap for Mac beta-test invitation.

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde erstmals die Expression und Bedeutung des Toll-like Rezeptors 4 (Tlr4) in normalen und adenomatösen epithelialen Hypophysenzellen untersucht. Tlr4 ist der Rezeptor für bakterielle Lipopolysaccharide und ist daher an der Induktion der angeborenen Immunantwort bei Infektions- oder Entzündungsprozessen beteiligt, die durch gram-negative Bakterien verursacht werden. Zusätzlich könnte der Tlr4 eine Rolle bei der Tumorgenese spielen, da Tumor-assoziierte Komponenten der extrazellulären Matrix oder Heat-Shock Proteine ebenfalls aktivierende Liganden des Tlr4 repräsentieren. In vorhergehenden Arbeiten wurde gezeigt, dass in der normalen Hypophyse der Tlr4 vorwiegend in follikulostellaren (FS) Zellen exprimiert wird und für immun-endokrine Interaktionen von Bedeutung ist. In der vorliegenden Doktorarbeit wurde eine sporadische Expression des Tlr4 auch in allen endokrinen Vorderlappenzellen nachgewiesen. Außerdem wurde eine heterogene Expression des Tlr 4 auch in 26 von 67 untersuchten Adenomen gezeigt. In den meisten Fällen wurde in Tlr4-positiven Adenomen eine verstreute Expression in weniger als 5% aller Adenomzellen beobachtet. Die Tlr4 Expression korrelierte nicht mit einem speziellen Adenomtyp (hormonaktiv oder –inaktiv) oder Phänotyp (Mikro- oder Makroadenom). Der adenomatöse Tlr4 war funktionell aktiv, da LPS in Tlr4-positiven, IL-6-sezernierenden Adenomen die IL-6 Sekretion dosisabhängig stark stimulierte. Das synthetische Glukokortikoid Dexamethason und der p38α MAP Kinase Inhibitor SB 203580 waren potente Inhibitoren der LPS-induzierten IL-6 Sekretion. Eine heterogen Tlr4 Expresion wurde auch in endokrinen Hypophysenzelllinien gefunden, von denen manche Tlr4-positiv waren (kortikotrope AtT20 und inaktive humane HP75 Zellen), während laktosomatotrope GH3 und gonadotrope αT3-1 Zellen keinen Tlr4 exprimierten. LPS hatte in AtT20 und GH3 Zellen keinen Einfluß auf die Hormonsekretion. Im Gegensatz dazu supprimiert LPS das Wachstum von AtT20 Zellen, nicht aber von GH3 Zellen, was darauf hinweist, daß LPS direkt das Wachstum von Tlr4-positiven Zellen inhibiert. Zusammengefasst weisen diese Egebnisse darauf hin, daß während transienter oder chronischer infektiöser bzw. inflammatorischer Prozesse, die durch gram-negative Bakterien induziert worden sind, LPS da Wachstum von Hypophysentumoren beeinflussen könnte. Ob LPS in vivo die Hypophysentumor-Entwicklung inhibiert oder stimuliert, hängt von der Co-Expression und Stimulation von IL-6 (ein Progressionsfaktor für Hypophysentumoren) durch LPS in Tlr4-positiven Adenomen ab und vom Einsetzen und dem Ausmaß des Anstiegs von anti-inflammatorisch wirksamen Glukokortikoiden. Nicht nur LPS, sondern auch das bei Krebserkrankungen eingesetzte Chemotherapeutikum Taxol, von dem man annimmt, dass es durch Tlr4 wirksam ist, inhibierte das Wachstum von AtT20 Zellen. Das läßt vermuten, dass in Tlr4-positiven Adenomen auch noch weitere Liganden des Tlr4 wie z.B. andere bakterielle oder virale Bestandteile, Pharmaka oder intratumorale Fragmente der extrazellulären Matrix die Entwicklung von Hypophysentumoren beeinflussen. Dies muss in zukünftigen Studien noch geklärt werden, ebenso wie die Frage, ob der Tlr4 allgemein eine Rolle für die Tumorgenese in anderen Tlr4-positiven epithelialen Tumoren spielt.

This work investigates for the first time the expression and the role of Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway in adult pituitary and in pituitary tumors. Shh is a signaling protein, important in regulating patterning and proliferation in the embryo and the adult. It has a crucial role in pituitary development and Shh deficient mice do not even have a rudimentary Rathke's pouch (the development structure that gives rise to anterior pituitary). This study reveals the presence of an active Shh pathway in the post-developmental pituitary gland, with major impacts on hormone secretion and cell proliferation. After embryonic development, Shh continues to be expressed in the normal adult pituitary, being mainly co-localized in corticotrophs. These cells express also the receptor Ptc2 and the Shh induced transcription factor Gli1, being so Shh-producing and Shh-responsive cells. Shh acts in an autocrine way inside corticotrophs, inducing a major stimulation of ACTH secretion in the normal rat pituitary and in the AtT-20 cell line. The Shh induced ACTH secretion effect is synergistic with CRH. Shh stimulation increases CRH-R1 levels, up-regulating so the response of corticotrophs to CRH. At the same time, Gli1 is not only activated by Shh, but also by CRH and PKA. Gli1 itself activates POMC-transcription and acts in parallel upstream to CREB and AP-1. A major increase in Shh protein levels is seen as a result of CRH stimulation. All these results put in evidence a multiple cross-talk between these two important pathways acting at different levels to insure the final ACTH stimulation. Other types of hormone-secreting adenohypophysial cells possess one of Shh receptors (Ptc1 or Ptc2) and the transcription factor Gli1, so they have an active Shh pathway. Shh produced in the corticotrophs is a signaling protein, so it diffuses and acts also in distance. Shh increases GH secretion from the rat pituitary somatotrophs and from the GH3 cell line, while the effect on Prolactin is not statistically significant. The Sonic hedgehog pathway is downregulated in pituitary adenomas. Screening of 55 pituitary tumors reveals that they have a significantly reduced expression of Shh and Gli1. Although Shh in the normal pituitary is secreted by corticotroph cells, all the Cushing tumors screened had no Shh expression at all. Cell culture experiments performed in the AtT-20 corticotroph cell line in vitro show that Shh reduces cell proliferation by 50% and this effect is partially reducible by Cyclopamine. So Shh maintains the low proliferative capacity of corticotrophs in the normal pituitary gland and its loss may be one of the factors leading to tumor progression. It is concluded that Shh is produced in the anterior pituitary gland, is a major stimulant of ACTH and GH secretion, acts synergistically with CRH, opposes corticotroph cell proliferation and is downregulated in pituitary adenomas.

There is increasing evidence suggesting that the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a local factor involved in the regulation of endocrine organs. Examples of such functions are documented in the pancreas, but recent results suggest that GABA may act in a similar way in the pituitary, in which GABA receptors are expressed and pituitary growth hormone (GH) cells provide a source of GABA. We hypothesised that GABA secreted in somatotropes may act as an autoregulatory signaling molecule. To test this hypothesis we first examined the nature of GABA receptors expressed by GH cells. RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that GABA-B receptor subunits R1 and R2 are present in the whole rat pituitary. Laser microdissection of immunostained GH cells, followed by RT-PCR as well as immunoelectron microscopy, showed that GABA-B receptors are expressed on somatotropes. To investigate GABA-B receptor function in somatotropes, we used rat GH3 adenoma cells, which, like pituitary GH cells, express GABA-B R1 and R2 (as assessed by RT-PCR and immunoelectron microscopy) and produce GABA (checked by high performance liquid chromatography). After inhibition of endogenous GABA synthesis, GH production was stimulated by baclofen, a chromatography). After inhibition of endogenous GABA synthesis, GH production was stimulated by bactofen, a GABA-B receptor agonist. By contrast, blocking GABA-B receptors by an antagonist, phaclofen, decreased GH levels. We conclude that in GH-producing cells, GABA acts as an autocrine factor via GABA-B receptors to control GH levels. Copyright (C) 2002 S. KargerAG, Basel.

Angiogenesis, the formation of a new blood supply, is an essential step in tumorigenesis. Although vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is known to be a very potent angiogenic factor in most solid tumors, little is known about its production and regulation in pituitary adenomas. We have investigated basal and stimulated VEGF production by rodent pituitary tumor cells (mouse corticotrope AtT20, rat lactosomatotrope GH3, mouse gonadotrope alpha T3-1 and mouse folliculostellate TtT/GF cells), and by hormone-inactive (27), corticotrope (9), lactotrope (3) and somatotrope (21) human pituitary adenoma cell cultures. All 4 pituitary cell lines secreted VEGF, which in the case of AtT20, GH3 and TtT/GF cells was inhibited by approximately 50% by dexamethasone. TtT/GF cells were the most responsive to the different stimuli used since basal values were augmented by pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide-38 (PACAP-38), interleukin-6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor-cc (TGF-a), IGF-I and the somatostatin analogue ocreotide. However, in GH3, AtT20 and aT3-1 cells, basal VEGF levels where not enhanced with any of the stimuli tested. The majority of the human adenomas tested (92%) basally secreted measurable VEGF which was inhibited by dexamethasone in most cases (84%). VEGF levels were increased in hormone inactive adenomas, somatotrope tumors and prolactinomas by TGF-alpha, PACAP-38, and 17 beta -estradiol, respectively. In conclusion, pituitary tumor cells are capable of producing VEGF which may be involved in tumoral angiogenesis. Our results concerning the suppression of VEGF by dexamethasone suggest that glucocorticoids may have anti-angiogenic properties and therefore therapeutic relevance for the treatment of pituitary adenomas.

The adhesive properties of neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAMs) can be modified by alternative splicing of the primary transcript or posttranslational modifications. In the present study, we describe distinct forms of alternative splicing and posttranslational modification of the extracellular domain of NCAM of various endocrine tissues and derived tumor cells of the rat. Using an antiserum detecting the immunoglobulin-like domains of NCAM as well as a monoclonal antibody recognizing the NCAM-specific polysialic acid (PSA), we observed a similar staining pattern in adrenals, pituitary, and neoplastic endocrine cells. In endocrine tumor cells [pheochromocytoma (PC12), insulinoma (RINA2), and pituitary tumor cells (GH3)], NCAM immunoreactivity was most intense at contact sites between the cells. The immunocytochemical data were substantiated by results of in situ hybridization histochemistry. Specifically, higher levels of NCAM mRNA were detected in the adrenal cortex than in the medulla. In the pituitary, NCAM mRNA was more abundant in the anterior and intermediate lobes than in the neural lobe. The sequence of NCAM mRNAs in endocrine cells was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and S1 nuclease protection assays. We found that major exons 4-13 of the NCAM mRNA in endocrine tissues and related tumor cell lines were homologous to those in the brain. However, PC12, RINA2, and GH3 tumor cells; normal rat pituitaries; and adrenals contained different amounts of NCAM mRNA with an alternative extra exon, termed VASE (also called pi in mouse) between constitutive exons 7 and 8. In addition, in pituitaries, we detected an alternative exon in splice site a between the constitutive exons 12 and 13, termed a15, with or without an AAG triplett. These sites are thought to be important for the adhesive properties of NCAM. Therefore, these results suggest that modifications of NCAM may be important for adhesive interactions in normal and neoplastic endocrine cells.