Podcasts about pa71

This week we're talking about our old friend, Mr. Distance-Over-Time himself: Speed! From the speediest hedgehog to the slowiest slug, we all have speed, and we can all come together and listen to this podcast to learn more about how and why that is.SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you'll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we'll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Trivia Question]Walter Arnold first ever speeding tickethttps://automotivehistory.org/january-28-1896-the-first-speeding-ticket-2/https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofBritain/Walter-Arnold-Worlds-First-Speeding-Ticket/https://blog.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/2014/01/28/the-first-speeding-fine-for-travelling-at-8-mph/[Fact Off]The Oh-My-God particle (high-energy cosmic ray)https://www.quantamagazine.org/the-particle-that-broke-a-cosmic-speed-limit-20150514/https://www.science.org/content/article/oh-my-god-its-real-particlehttps://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9410067https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/858169  Needlefish jump-hunting of underwater preyhttps://www.newscientist.com/article/dn28483-the-first-fish-to-leap-out-of-water-and-attack-prey-from-air/https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/71727/first-fish-needlefish-attack-prey-airhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jfb.12799/abstract;jsessionid=357639AD25AB070E62DAFF95B2DFCE5E.f01t02https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2019-01-03/why-do-fish-jump-and-how/10519986https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jfb.12278/abstract;jsessionid=2234B87FDA55C22723B4055F5C220218.f03t01[Ask the Science Couch]Fastest human body speeds & extreme g-forces (aviation, land speed, etc.)https://www.nasa.gov/centers/glenn/shuttlestation/station/microgex.htmlhttps://www.nasa.gov/missions/science/hyper.htmlhttps://books.google.nl/books?id=9-FXAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA71&dq=horse+riding+uterus+prolapse+trainhttps://books.google.nl/books?id=Lm03AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA337&dq=train+railways+vibrations+oscillations+-suspenson+-bridge+travellers&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiXz4el-vfXAhXLKVAKHUz8B64Q6AEIOzADhttps://airandspace.si.edu/stories/editorial/man-behind-high-speed-safety-standardshttps://www.scientificamerican.com/article/star-wars-science-light-speed/[Butt One More Thing]Skipper caterpillar flinging frass pellets with anal plateshttps://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/201/1/121/7701/Faecal-Firing-in-a-Skipper-Caterpillar-is-Pressure

The only Portuguese monarch to be assassinated, King Carlos I, was shot through the neck by Republican activists on 1st February, 1908, as his open carriage rode through Lisbon. His elder son Luis Filipe was also killed, leaving 18 year-old Manuel to become the last King of Portugal. The murder followed Portugal's former colony Brazil deposing its emperor; a politically disastrous agreement with the British over African expansion; and the appointment of the dictatorial João Franco as Portuguese Prime Minister. In this episode, Arion, Rebecca and Olly pore over the gossip about Carlos's lavish lifestyle and Parisian mistress; explain how the event was foreshadowed by the famous ‘Elevator Coup'; and reveal how Carlos's sea-faring knowledge made for an ill-advised epithet…  Further Reading: • ‘Historical Dictionary of Portugal - By Douglas L. Wheeler & Walter C. Opello' (Scarecrow Press, 2010): https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Historical_Dictionary_of_Portugal/e-3kxBySncsC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=king+carlos+i+february+1908&pg=PA71&printsec=frontcover • ‘The Portuguese: A Portrait of a People - By Barry Hatton (Signal Books, 2016): https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/The_Portuguese/kL6_BAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=king+carlos+portugal+assassination&pg=PT118&printsec=frontcover • ‘O Regicídio' (Dir. Fernando Vendrell, 2008): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-gYphMUSvG4 #Portugal #Royals #Crime Love the show? Join 

Season 3 of Tangents is drawing to a close, and we're celebrating by taking a long, top to bottom (literally) look at bodies! To kick us off, we'll be appreciating that brain-holding, eye-having, mouth-possessing orb on top of almost all necks on Earth: the head. Thank you, the head! Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you'll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we'll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Trivia Question]Embalming head diameterhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0021929009001444?via%3Dihub[Fact Off]Chicken heads for rabies oral vaccineshttps://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2015/12/that-time-europe-air-dropped-vaccine-loaded-chicken-heads-to-bait-rabid-foxes/417951/ https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1439-0450.1982.tb01237.xhttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31927421/https://books.google.co.in/books?id=mUu6o7SiSZ8C&lpg=PA71&ots=SlWS7Vyp4u&dq=getting+rid+of+rabies+switzerland&pg=PA71&hl=en#v=onepage&q&f=falsehttp://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.500.9910&rep=rep1&type=pdfhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3614052/Alligator stick hats https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/crocodiles-and-their-ilk-may-be-smarter-than-they-look/2013/12/06/1084cf28-5d2c-11e3-bc56-c6ca94801fac_story.htmlhttps://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/what-do-croc-tools-mean-for-dinosaur-innovation?loggedin=truehttps://www.livescience.com/41898-alligators-crocodiles-use-tools.htmlhttps://blogs.scientificamerican.com/laelaps/alligators-dont-play-pick-up-sticks-to-lure-lunch/https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn24750-zoologger-alligators-use-tools-to-lure-in-bird-prey/[Ask the Science Couch] Blood-brain barrierhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4292164/https://www.rndsystems.com/research-area/blood--brain-barrier-permeabilityhttps://sites.duke.edu/apep/module-2-the-abcs-of-intoxication/content-getting-alcohol-to-the-brain-crossing-the-blood-brain-barrier/https://bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2377-9-S1-S3https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3494002/[Butt One More Thing]Amblyopsidae/cavefish head anushttps://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/scientist-names-blind-fish-with-neck-anus-after-his-favorite-teamhttps://zookeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=3824http://webhome.auburn.edu/~armbrjw/Amblyopsidae.pdf

In the first of two episodes on Morgan's dissertation we introduce the topic of women and textile production in the Roman Empire. Scholars have often viewed the domestic and commercial divide in textile production along gendered lines, associating domestic production with women in the context of the ideal of feminine virtue and commercial production with men working in centralized production centers. Here we use the cottage industry model to contextualize the role of women's labor in the Roman textile industry, exploring the links between domestic production and commercial distribution.Links:Morgan's dissertationEpisode 26: Dr. Morgan Lemmer-Webber, an academic journey talks about the process of getting a PhD (from Morgan's personal experiences, your mileage may vary)Episode 3: Textile production and a nostalgic past discusses Augustan propaganda and textile production and gives a summary of the stages of textile production from sheep to sweater.The two Augustan versions of the Lucretia myth by Ovid, Fasti 2.722-751 and Livy, History of Rome 1.57.9 (Content Warning: rape, suicide, revolution)Another instance of a woman's labor from Ovid, this time a more modest country woman who must weave cloaks etc before winter to protect her family from the cold: Ovid, Fasti 4.687-714.Hitchner, Robert Bruce. 2012. "Olive Production and the Roman Economy: The Case for Intensive Growth in the Roman Empire." In The Ancient Economy, Taylor and Francis. Partial text available on Google Scholar.Barber, Elizabeth. 1994. Women's Work: the First 20,000 Years: Women, Cloth, and Society in Early Times. New York : Norton.Lena Larsson Lovén has written extensively on both the iconography of textile production and the performative relationships between women and wool work in the Roman Empire.

We continue Season 1 with Princess Eilonwy, from the oft-maligned Disney disaster, The Black Cauldron. Eilonwy may seem like a rejected princess, but she truly helped pave the way for some of the most beloved princesses to come. The tumultuous development of the character and the film really encapsulates the phrase, “It can only get better.” Sarah discusses the origin and development of Eilonwy, revealing a rollercoaster production process and a shockingly star-studded animation crew. One of these powerhouse animators is the focus of GAME TIME! CAN YOU NAME THE MOVIE EACH OF HIS ICONIC CHARACTERS IS FROM? Near the end of the episode, Jessica illuminates the way Eilonwy's portrayal significantly differs between the original book series and the film. We'll give you a hint: one is a feminist powerhouse, and one... is not. But while The Black Cauldron may be the black sheep of Disney animation, so much good came from this unbeloved princess and her chaotically discombobulated film. Historical Reference Links: Behind the Scenes Video https://youtu.be/WY3p9B2NFPQ https://ladiesofcomicazi.com/posts/2013/02/06/what-went-wrong-with-disneys-black-cauldron https://collider.com/the-black-cauldron-disney-why-it-flopped-controversy-explained/ https://www.tor.com/2015/10/08/a-demoralizing-disaster-disneys-the-black-cauldron/ https://disney.fandom.com/wiki/The_Black_Cauldron https://www.eightieskids.com/12-shocking-facts-you-never-knew-about-the-black-cauldron/ Psychological Reference Links: https://dc.swosu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1020&context=mythlore https://books.google.com/books?id=vCaxCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA71#v=onepage&q&f=false https://books.google.com/books?id=FZeGol6GICEC&pg=PA77#v=onepage&q&f=false --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app

Nesse primeiro episódio de Destrinchando herbicidas vamos conversar um pouco mais sobre os herbicidas mimetizadores da auxina, para gravar esse EP conosco convidamos a Eng. Agro. Jesaelen Gizotti de Moraes, doutoranda na University of Lincoln Nebraska. Jesaelen é uma pesquisadora que possui muita experiência nas novas tecnologias de cultivos resistentes aos auxínicos. Folhas enrugadas, caule torcido e folhas caindo... Isso está com cara de herbicida mimetizador de auxinas, não sabe do que eu estou falando? Então aperta o play nesse novo episódio da série Destrinchando herbicidas e aprenda mais sobre essa ferramenta fantástica para o controle de folhas largas. Rede AGROCAST: @redeagrocast @agroresenha @benditoagro @bugbitespodcast @cpvpodcast @esalqast @noticias_do_front @papoagropodcast @rumencast

Nesse primeiro episódio de Destrinchando herbicidas vamos conversar um pouco mais sobre os herbicidas mimetizadores da auxina, para gravar esse EP conosco convidamos a Eng. Agro. Jesaelen Gizotti de Moraes, doutoranda na University of Lincoln Nebraska. Jesaelen é uma pesquisadora que possui muita experiência nas novas tecnologias de cultivos resistentes aos auxínicos.  Folhas enrugadas, caule torcido e folhas caindo...  Isso está com cara de herbicida mimetizador de auxinas, não sabe do que eu estou falando? Então aperta o play nesse novo episódio da série Destrinchando herbicidas e aprenda mais sobre essa ferramenta fantástica para o controle de folhas largas. Rede AGROCAST: @redeagrocast @agroresenha @benditoagro @bugbitespodcast @cpvpodcast @esalqast @noticias_do_front @papoagropodcast @rumencast See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Nesse primeiro episódio de Destrinchando herbicidas vamos conversar um pouco mais sobre os herbicidas mimetizadores da auxina, para gravar esse EP conosco convidamos a Eng. Agro. Jesaelen Gizotti de Moraes, doutoranda na University of Lincoln Nebraska. Jesaelen é uma pesquisadora que possui muita experiência nas novas tecnologias de cultivos resistentes aos auxínicos.  Folhas enrugadas, caule torcido e folhas caindo...  Isso está com cara de herbicida mimetizador de auxinas, não sabe do que eu estou falando? Então aperta o play nesse novo episódio da série Destrinchando herbicidas e aprenda mais sobre essa ferramenta fantástica para o controle de folhas largas. Rede AGROCAST: @redeagrocast @agroresenha @benditoagro @bugbitespodcast @cpvpodcast @esalqast @noticias_do_front @papoagropodcast @rumencast See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Learn about why hundreds of ducks are employees at a wine vineyard; a musical invention that was the Spotify of the Victorian era; and a delicious mathematical principle known as the ham sandwich theorem. Hundreds of Ducks Are Employees at a Vineyard by Joanie Faletto https://curiosity.com/topics/hundreds-of-ducks-are-employees-at-a-vineyard-curiosity  The Telharmonium was the Victorian version of Spotify by Steffie Drucker McClure’s magazine  v.27 1906 May-Oct. (2017). HathiTrust. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015027895930&view=1up&seq=297  Morton, E. (2015, November 24). The Telharmonium Was the Spotify of 1906. Atlas Obscura; Atlas Obscura. https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/the-telharmonium-was-the-spotify-of-1906  Stubbs, D. (2018, November 16). The World’s First Synthesizer Was a 200-Ton Behemoth. Smithsonian Magazine; Smithsonian Magazine. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/worlds-first-synthesizer-was-200-ton-behemoth-180970828/  ‌Weidenaar, R. (1995). Magic Music from the Telharmonium. Google Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=Gr2kq-598-YC&lpg=PP1&dq=telharmonium&pg=PA71#v=snippet&q=helmholtz&f=false  Davidson, R. (2014). 9XM Talking: The Early History of WHA Radio. Wisconsin Public Radio. http://www.portalwisconsin.org/archives/9xm.cfm#:~:text= The Ham Sandwich Theorem Is a Delicious and Puzzling Mathematical Principle by Ashley Hamer https://curiosity.com/topics/the-ham-sandwich-theorem-is-a-delicious-and-puzzling-mathematical-principle-curiosity Subscribe to Curiosity Daily to learn something new every day with Cody Gough and Ashley Hamer. You can also listen to our podcast as part of your Alexa Flash Briefing; Amazon smart speakers users, click/tap “enable” here: https://curiosity.im/podcast-flash-briefing

In the anointing of David as king, God sees beyond the outside and sees his heart. Jesus heals a man born blind and tells the Pharisees that even though they can see physically, their spiritual eyes are blind to the truth. What does this mean for us? Can we learn something from this about ourselves? Listen to hear more from Father Jeremiah.Image: From the book, Bible History: Containing the Most Remarkable Events of the Old and New Testaments, by the Rt. Rev. Richard Gilmour, page 76, copyright 1894. Found on Google Books: https://books.google.com/books?id=PTQXAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA71&lpg=PA71&dq=richard+gilmour+anointing+of+david&source=bl&ots=8RmVCwRtTB&sig=ACfU3U0aYp4X1POeoYfFVGyJRF7cZpMhsg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj55tn96bjoAhUIOq0KHapcB84Q6AEwGHoECA0QAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false

Jocelyn Simonson returns to the show to wake us up to the many public interests on both sides (and no sides and all sides) in criminal cases. We discuss whether prosecutors are synonymous with "the People" and how a broader conception of "the People's" interests in criminal adjudication might suggest more robust public participation in the criminal process. Jocelyn Simonson’s faculty profile (https://www.brooklaw.edu/faculty/directory/facultymember/biography?id=jocelyn.simonson) and writing (http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=700555) Jocelyn Simonson, The Place of "the People" in Criminal Procedure (https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3273565) Oral Argument 95: Own the Block (https://oralargument.org/95) (guest Jocelyn Simonson) Serial Season 3 (https://serialpodcast.org) Marie Gottschalk, Caught: The Prison State and the Lockdown of American Politics (https://press.princeton.edu/titles/10731.html) Unsigned Note, The Paradox of "Progressive Prosecution" (https://harvardlawreview.org/2018/12/the-paradox-of-progressive-prosecution/) Barry Friedman and Maria Ponomarenko, Democratic Policing (https://www.nyulawreview.org/issues/volume-90-number-6/democratic-policing/) Laura Appleman, Defending the Jury (https://www.amazon.com/Defending-Jury-Laura-I-Appleman/dp/1107650933) Jocelyn Simonson, The Criminal Court Audience in a Post-Trial World (https://brooklynworks.brooklaw.edu/faculty/298/) Alexandra Natapoff, The Penal Pyramid (https://books.google.com/books?id=BI1WDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA71&lpg=PA71) Carol Steiker, Tempering or Tampering? Mercy and the Administration of Criminal Justice (https://books.google.com/books?id=KOAoQiRFo70C&pg=PA16&lpg=PA16#v=onepage&q&f=false) Special Guest: Jocelyn Simonson.

Today we visit the vacant town of Ong’s Hat to learn what may have happened there when a group of chaos scientists took up residence. They we discuss one of the most requested conspiracies, and biggest mysteries to date: What is Eggless Travel? Ong’s Hat is an empty, unincorporated town in New Jersey. All that seems to remain is rubble and remnants of a town past. But there are rumors that, in the 1980s, a controversial group of scientists bought the town and used it to conduct experiments that were frowned upon by both the scientific community and the US government. One of those projects was the Egg. An interdimensional vehicle that would take a pilot to alien worlds. But with the scientists gone, is there now a way to travel without the Egg? Links Ong's Hat   Ong’s Hat: Piney Ghost Town or Gateway to Another Dimension? https://weirdnj.com/stories/ongs-hat/   Ong's Hat: Gateway to other Dimensions! http://reoxy.org/inc2.htm   Ong's Hat: The Beginning Full Text https://archive.org/stream/OngsHatTheBeginningJosephMatheny/Ong%27s%20Hat_%20The%20Beginning%20-%20Joseph%20Matheny_djvu.txt   Ong's Hat https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ong%27s_Hat,_New_Jersey#Urban_legend   Alternate Reality Games: Ong's Hat https://josephmatheny.com/2013/10/06/alternate-reality-games-know-your-meme/   Galidor TV Show https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5RvyH-pd5w     Eggless Travel   The Incunabula Forum https://jacobsm.com/deoxy/deoxy.org/irc/59.html   Legend-Tripping Online: Supernatural Folklore and the Search for Ong's Hat https://books.google.com/books?id=aBK8Nr4edm4C&pg=PA71&lpg=PA71&dq=eggless+travel+interdimensional+travel&source=bl&ots=754Aa5-cjB&sig=e8Viw6IRf8H7EEdmROCm7CQpj54&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiBk4eNubTcAhVwm-AKHfZxADMQ6AEIQTAC#v=onepage&q&f=false   Legend-Tripping Description http://www.upress.state.ms.us/books/1398     Listen to the daily podcast anywhere you listen to podcasts!   ------------------------------------------------   http://www.DeadRabbit.com   Email: DeadRabbitRadio@gmail.com   Twitter: @JasonOCarpenter   Facebook: www.Facebook.com/DeadRabbitRadio   Paranormal, Conspiracy, and True Crime news as it happens! Jason Carpenter breaks the stories they'll be talking about tomorrow, assuming the world doesn't end today.        

It’s no surprise that there aren’t many Christmas specific games out on the store shelves. And after looking around we found a few Christmas games and some demo/expansions but nothing we were excited to share. Facing the possibility of not finding a game we felt worth a short holiday episode, we had to dig deep… Read More »

Bob Polin, Blue Max Bob Polin was the programmer of Blue Max and Blue Max 2001 — both published by Synapse Software, and co-creator of Puzzle Panic with Ken Uston. He also wrote the game "Maxter Mind" which was published by Antic magazine. This interview took place on February 15, 2016. In it, we discuss Ihor Wolosenko, whom I previously interviewed. After we did this interview, Bob sent me the floppy disks containing the source code for Blue Max, which I was able to recover. There's a link to the source code in the show notes. Teaser quote: "I literally — when I do a game it's very, very intense where I day in and day out do it. I just burnt out, did nothing for a few years." Blue Max source code: http://atariage.com/forums/topic/249933-blue-max-source-code-for-you/ AtariMania's list of Bob's games: http://www.atarimania.com/list_games_atari-400-800-xl-xe-polin-bob_team_1070_8_G.html Maxter Mind: http://www.atarimagazines.com/v2n7/MaxterMind.html InfoWorld review of Blue Max: https://books.google.com/books?id=uy8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA71#v=onepage

Christianity brags that it holds the ultimate meaning and purpose for human life. It states most emphatically that the whole purpose of the human experience is to enjoy God and glorify Him forever. It boldly claims that any and all activity outside of the narrow path is worldly, of the devil, and ultimately worthless. While finding a valuable meaning for an individual life is something most people desire, to accuse all who reject the claims of Christianity to be living worthless lives, is arrogantly rude, and historically it’s been destructive. In 540 A.D. Christianity was given a unique opportunity to demonstrate the power of its worldview. Soon after the bubonic plague struck Byzantium that year, striking down 10,000 people a day until 100 million lives had been lost, the Roman Empire was destroyed. Christianity benefited immensely from the pandemic as droves of terrified people flocked into the Church.Christianity castigated secular medicine for failing to cure the plague. The Church subsequently declared all secular medicine heretical. For the next ten centuries, blood-letting, herbal remedies and prayer became the treatments of choice for every ailment. With medical advancement at a standstill, millions died, perhaps as many from the treatment as the malady. Developments in science and technology were abandoned. Extensive aqueduct and plumbing systems created by earlier generations disappeared. Since the sinful flesh was to be despised, even washing was discouraged. Disease of ever type ran rampant as hygiene and sanitation was forgotten. The vast network of roads that enabled transportation and communication fell into disrepair and remained that way until the 19th century. RefBook burning became commonplace. In the sixth century B.C.E., Pythagoras had already suggested that the Earth revolved around the Sun. By the third century B.C.E., Aristarchus had outlined heliocentricity while Eratosthenes had measured the circumference of the Earth. Hipparchus had invented longitude and latitude. After the onset of the Christian Dark Ages, it wouldn’t be until the 1500’s that Copernicus would reintroduce the forgotten theory that the Earth revolves around the Sun. When Galileo attempted to promote the theory, he was tried by the Inquisition in Rome for heresy. It’s untrue to assume only the Roman Catholic Church condemned heliocentricity, Calvin and Luther, the founders of the Protestant Reformation, also harshly condemned the idea, insisting that as it contradicted the Scriptures, it was therefore false. Even as early as the fourth century St. Augustine had written, ”It is impossible there should be inhabitants on the opposite side of the Earth, since no such race is recorded in Scripture among the descendents of Adam.”Historical research was nonexistent and what history there was, was rewritten to conform to the Bible. Modern archeology has proven that human history far exceeds 6000 years, but until very recent years, nearly all English Bibles placed a date on Genesis 1:1 at 4004 B.C. We now know that well before 4000 B.C., rich cultures already existed with well developed art,agriculture, architecture, city-planning, dance, drama, trade, writing, law, and even a few forms of democratic government. History is replete with significant forward development followed by major setbacks. While Christianity claims to have gradually lifted humanity out of dark ignorance of a dark pre-Christian world, the truth is opposite. The longest and darkest setback in the progression of western civilization lies at the feet of Christianity. Ignorance was crowned king when the great libraries in Alexandria in were burned in 391. Ancient academies were closed and education for anyone outside the clergy ended. The Fourth Council of Carthage, in canon 16, permits only Bishops to read the books of heretics in a time of need.. Jerome, a Church Father in the fourth century, reportedly rejoiced that the classical authors were being forgotten. St. John Chrysostom, a preeminent Greek Father of the Church said, “Every trace of the old philosophy and literature of the ancient world has vanished from the face of the Earth.”Whether medicine, art, science, history, music, reading, writing or math, everything was to be brought into conformity with the accepted doctrines of Christianity. The laity and the priest craft were kept ignorant of any ideas outside of a religiously Christian framework. Even the monasteries, filled with educated monkish scribes, were consigned to only preserving works of religious devotion. All other types of literature were consigned to oblivion, hidden away or destroyed, considered at best meaningless works of the flesh, or at worst distractions to lead astray the pious. Worldly writings were thought more suited for the flames, as their authors were destined for hell. Every thought was to be brought into captivity to the obedience of Christ. I know that in my own life, while a youth, I believed there was no greater purpose in life than learning about, and serving, my Lord. I believed the Rapture would occur any day, and nothing could take priority over saving the lost. Prior to my conversion I was an A student, but in the following years I spurned secular academics and neglected my studies in exchange for what I considered more worthy, eternal pursuits. In my mind, higher learning and high paying jobs were vain. Temporal pursuits, I thought, were not worthy of an eternal resident of heaven. So what about purpose? While immersion in a religion may bring about a feeling of purpose, it is a false purpose, one that ultimately hampers all human creative expression and growth. Without religion, or belief in a God that is directing history, it becomes immediately apparent that our species and our lives are fragile, subject to being snuffed out without much notice by the rest of the Universe. Our sun and our planet are obviously not eternal, and our survival as a species is fraught with uncertainties. Great monsters, called dinosaurs, ruled this planet for an impossibly long time before extinction took them away. Without some god to guarantee our survival, extinction is a very real possibility for us. Without a promise of personal survival in some heaven, the only real immorality we can hope to achieve is through our children and grandchildren – the generations of humanity that follow in our footsteps. Pursuing personal enlightenment through religion may provide an appearance of purpose, but it is ultimately a selfish pursuit. Personal religion is about my salvation, my god, my jeweled crown, my holiness, my Bible, my prayer time, my church, my group, my denomination, my experience, my, my, my, my, my. I would say that a far higher purpose – a better purpose – than mindless obedience to religion, would be a life devoted to making the world a better place to live for all of us. By striving to better our neighborhoods, our communities, our nations, and our world, we have a better chance of ensuring a good future for everyone. Ultimately we each make and choose our own purpose. Jesus does not have a plan for my life; I have a plan for my life. It falls to me to take responsibility for my own life and bring my plan to pass. This has been the podcast of ExChristian.Net for April 9, 2006.Related article: Another, "The Meaning of Life."Technorati tags: ex-Christian | exchristian | podcasts