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Terry Hulsey joins Bob for a fascinating discussion of history and political science, with an end to providing a framework for Texas secession that can endure.Mentioned in the Episode and Other Links of Interest:The YouTube version of this interview.The Mises Bookstore entry for TL Hulsey's book.BMS on Arrow's Theorem. BMS on Daniel Miller on the Texas Nationalist Movement.Randy Barnett's critique of Nozick in the Journal of Libertarian Studies.The link for Monetary-Metals.com.Help support the Bob Murphy Show.
In this episode of The Effortless Podcast, host Amit Prakash sits down with Professor Debdeep Jena, a leading expert in semiconductors, superconductors, and quantum devices at Cornell University. They explore the fascinating world of quantum computing, from its early 20th-century origins to its transformative potential in modern technology.Professor Jena delves into key concepts of quantum physics and quantum computing, shedding light on quantum systems, qubits, and the challenges and promises of quantum hardware. With decades of experience in semiconductor research, he explains how quantum computing could revolutionize industries, from computational speed to energy efficiency.In this conversation, they discuss:The birth of quantum mechanics and its evolution into quantum computingThe role of qubits and superposition in quantum devicesHow quantum computing is tackling complex problems beyond classical computingCurrent advancements in quantum hardware and the roadblocks still aheadProfessor Jena's perspective on the future of quantum technology and its potential impact on industries like AI, communications, and beyondThis episode is a must-watch for anyone curious about the future of quantum technology and its applications in modern science and industry. Professor Jena provides unique insights into how quantum systems are poised to transform computing, energy efficiency, and even artificial intelligence. Whether you're a tech enthusiast, a student of physics, or a professional exploring the frontier of quantum technology, this conversation is packed with invaluable knowledge.Key Topics & Timestamps:00:00 – Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, Entanglement, and the Role of Information in Physics05:00 – Classical Computation vs. Quantum Computation: Understanding the Basics of Classical and Quantum Bits12:00 – The Role of Information Erasure and Its Link to Energy Loss in Classical Computing18:00 – Superposition and Entanglement: The Basis of Quantum Computation25:00 – Bell's Theorem and the EPR Paradox: Understanding Quantum Nonlocality32:00 – Quantum Measurement and the Challenge of Formulating the Right Questions in Quantum Computation40:00 – Shor's Algorithm and the Promise of Quantum Speedup for Prime Factorization45:00 – Practical Quantum Computing: Grover's Algorithm and the Search Problem52:00 – The Need for Quantum Error Correction and the Problem of Decoherence in Quantum Systems58:00 – Superconducting Qubits: The Technology Behind Quantum Hardware1:05:00 – The Challenges of Packing More Qubits: Coherence Time and Integration of Quantum Systems1:12:00 – Temperature and Cooling Requirements for Superconducting Qubits1:20:00 – Advances in Quantum Error Correction and Strategies for Scaling Quantum Devices1:28:00 – Future Directions for Quantum Computing: Materials Science, Algorithms, and Hardware Innovations1:35:00 – Schrödinger's Cat: Exploring Quantum Superposition in a Philosophical Context1:45:00 – The Double-Slit Experiment: Quantum Interference and the Nature of Quantum Systems1:50:00 – The Future of Quantum Computing: Overcoming Challenges and Expanding Practical Applications2:00:00 – Concluding Thoughts on the Impact of Quantum Mechanics on Modern Technology and the Future of ComputingHosts:Amit Prakash: Co-founder and CTO at ThoughtSpot, former engineer at Google and Microsoft, and expert in distributed systems and machine learning.Guest:Professor Debdeep Jena: David E. Burr Professor of Engineering at Cornell University, expert in semiconductors, superconductors, and quantum devices.Follow the Hosts and Guest:Amit Prakash: LinkedIn | XDebdeep Jena: LinkedInHave questions or thoughts on AI? Drop us a mail at effortlesspodcasthq@gmail.comDon't forget to like, comment, and subscribe for more insightful conversations on the future of technology and innovation!
Gödel's incompleteness theorem is one of the most misunderstood ideas in science and philosophy. This video cuts through the hype, correcting major misconceptions from pop-science icons and revealing what Gödel actually proved and what he didn't. If you think his theorem limits human knowledge, think again. The people referenced are Neil deGrasse Tyson, Veritasium, Michio Kaku, and Deepak Chopra. Correction: Veritasium says "everything" not "anything." My foolish verbal flub is corrected in the captions, and the argumentation remains the same. As a listener of TOE you can get a special 20% off discount to The Economist and all it has to offer! Visit https://www.economist.com/toe Join My New Substack (Personal Writings): https://curtjaimungal.substack.com Listen on Spotify: https://tinyurl.com/SpotifyTOE Become a YouTube Member (Early Access Videos): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdWIQh9DGG6uhJk8eyIFl1w/join Links Mentioned: • Scott Aaronson | How Much Math Is Knowable?: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VplMHWSZf5c • The Consistency of the Axiom of Choice and of the Generalized Continuum-Hypothesis (paper): https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.24.12.556 • The Gettier Problem: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/knowledge-analysis/#GettProb • Jennifer Nagel on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CWZVMZ9Tm7Q • Gödel's First Incompleteness Theorem: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_Formally_Undecidable_Propositions_of_Principia_Mathematica_and_Related_Systems • Roger Penrose on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sGm505TFMbU • Curt talks with Penrose for IAI: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VQM0OtxvZ-Y • Bertrand Russell's Comments: https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:Russell,_Whitehead_-_Principia_Mathematica,_vol._I,_1910.djvu/84 • Gregory Chaitin on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zMPnrNL3zsE • Chaitin on the ‘Rise and Fall of Academia': https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PoEuav8G6sY • Curt and Neil Tyson Debate Physics: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ye9OkJih3-U • Gödel's Completeness Theorem: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6del%27s_completeness_theorem • Latham Boyle on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nyLeeEFKk04 • Gabriele Carcassi on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pIQ7CaQX8EI • Gabriele Carcassi's YouTube Channel (Live): https://www.youtube.com/@AssumptionsofPhysicsResearch • Robinson Arithmetic: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robinson_arithmetic • Algorithmic Information Theory (book): https://www.amazon.com/dp/0521616042 • The Paris-Harrington Theorem: https://mathworld.wolfram.com/Paris-HarringtonTheorem.html • Curt's Substack: The Mathematics of Self: https://curtjaimungal.substack.com/p/the-mathematics-of-self-why-you-can • The Church-Turing Thesis: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/church-turing/ • Curt's Substack: The Most Profound Theorem in Logic You Haven't Heard Of: https://curtjaimungal.substack.com/p/infinity-its-many-models-and-lowenheim Support TOE on Patreon: https://patreon.com/curtjaimungal Twitter: https://twitter.com/TOEwithCurt Discord Invite: https://discord.com/invite/kBcnfNVwqs #science Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Join My New Substack (Personal Writings): https://curtjaimungal.substack.com Links Mentioned: - Original Substack article: https://curtjaimungal.substack.com/p/particles-dont-take-all-possible - Interpretations of Quantum Mechanics (article): https://curtjaimungal.substack.com/p/the-interpretations-of-quantum-mechanics?utm_source=publication-search - Jacob Barandes on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wrUvtqr4wOs - Tim Maudlin on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fU1bs5o3nss - Sean Carroll on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9AoRxtYZrZo - Eva Miranda on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6XyMepn-AZo - Mithuna's channel: https://www.youtube.com/@LookingGlassUniverse - Mithuna Yoganathan on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2ct0zv_M-I - Defining light (article): https://curtjaimungal.substack.com/p/well-technically - What is energy, actually? (article): https://curtjaimungal.substack.com/p/what-is-energy-actually - TOE's String Theory Iceberg: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X4PdPnQuwjY - Paper on Bell's Theorem: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2501.17521 - Veritasium's YouTube : https://www.youtube.com/@veritasium Listen on Spotify: https://tinyurl.com/SpotifyTOE Become a YouTube Member (Early Access Videos): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdWIQh9DGG6uhJk8eyIFl1w/join Support TOE on Patreon: https://patreon.com/curtjaimungal Twitter: https://twitter.com/TOEwithCurt Discord Invite: https://discord.com/invite/kBcnfNVwqs #science Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
The finite developments theorem in pure lambda calculus says that if you select as set of redexes in a lambda term and reduce only those and their residuals (redexes that can be traced back as existing in the original set), then this process will always terminate. In this episode, I discuss the theorem and why I got interested in it.
Ever find yourself overthinking a problem until you've thought yourself right into a corner? Yeah, we've been there too. But what if there was a way to cut through the noise and just know when something is a good idea? Enter Miller's Theorem, a simple but sneaky-effective thought experiment that's been kicking around in our conversations for years. It's the kind of thing that sounds like nonsense at first until it doesn't. In this episode, we unpack how a casual visit to a bougie home décor store in Seattle turned into an existential crisis over tariffs, pricing psychology, and whether customers actually care if their overpriced alpaca throw just got 25% more expensive. But it's not just about economics. It's about how we make decisions, avoid self-inflicted complexity, and maybe stop outsmarting ourselves into bad choices. Also on the table: the contrapositive, the dangers of taking political soundbites at face value, and why abolishing the IRS is an idea so catastrophically bad it might actually make the Great Depression look like a mild inconvenience. It's a wild ride through logic, business, and just enough existential dread to keep things interesting. Listen now, then hope over to LinkedIn and tell us what you think! Got a topic you would like to have Rob and Justin cover? Join our Raw Data by P3 Adaptive Steering Committee and let us know! Also in this episode: Pokerbots, Adware, and Burning Man, w/ Brad Miller & Kai Hankinson
E ae!Welcome to Deep Space Podcast - 15 years! Many thanks for listening. One more 2 hours episode featuring 2nd hour exclusive guestmix by DJ Zim (1Pulsion), from France!You can check all information about Zim and 1Pulsion at:https://linktr.ee/1pulsion.49 We're live streaming every Sunday from 11am Brazil (9am USA / 3pm CET / 4pm South Africa) for THEOREM hosted by Zim. Thanks for having me, bro!I hope see to you guys popping on the chat:https://deepspacepodcast.com/broadcast Purchase any subscriptions from 1 dollar to premiere this and all the future episodes plus download the full 2 hours mix by ZIM among many other perks! Check all the infos at:https://deepspacepodcast.com/subscribe Enjoy the week490! Playlist:Artist – Track Name – [Label] 1st hour mixed by Marcelo Tavares1) Ben Sun - Living Things - [Razor-N-Tape]2) Rodrigo Soria - Stretching - [Sophisticate]3) Will Long - One In the Future - [Long Trax Productions]4) The Rurals - Brown Leaves (Talking Mix) - [Peng]5) Rian van Bergen - Blue Trees6) John de La Noise - Tributo Al Maestro - [Skylax]7) Darryl Baalki - Heavenly Sweetness (Jazz Version) - [Phonolab]8) Dr. Sud Feat. Nils Haack - Steel City - [Deeppa]9) Black Eyes - Bohemian Waters - [Housewax]10) Emile Londonien - The Vibe Is - [Omezis]11) Jay Sound - Sin Of Our Skin12) Jared Wilson - Idea Of A Deep State13) Echologist - Sea Bear - [Singular] 2nd hour exclusive guestmix by DJ Zim (1Pulsion, France)1) Birke TM - The White Tree - [Neighbour]2) AtJazz - Stay A Little While (Méchant Dub) - [Lazy Days]3) Img_02 - Uptown Rhythm - [bio]4) Frank Maris - Planet Ki - [Crossfade Sounds]5) Aleqs Notal - Call Out - [Sistrum]6) Dub Taylor - Reflection 1 - [Eintakt]7) Helen Sharpe – Got 2 Have Your Love (Sweet Soul Mix) - [Strobe]8) Jonny Miller feat. JD73 - Apollo - [Atjazz Record Company]9) Lazzich - Re Member Us - [Fragment]10) OVEOUS - Do Fo Miii - [Hyper Soul]11) Poem For The Lost Souls (Kuniyuki Version) - [Smallville]12) Neurotron - A New Dawn - [Third Wave Black]
In this episode, Curt Jaimungal speaks with Jacob Barandes, a theoretical physicist from Harvard, about the complexities of quantum mechanics. They explore wave-particle duality, Jacob's reformulation of quantum theory through indivisible stochastic processes, and the historical perspectives of figures like Schrödinger and Einstein. As a listener of TOE you can get a special 20% off discount to The Economist and all it has to offer! Visit https://www.economist.com/toe Join My New Substack (Personal Writings): https://curtjaimungal.substack.com Listen on Spotify: https://tinyurl.com/SpotifyTOE Become a YouTube Member (Early Access Videos): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdWIQh9DGG6uhJk8eyIFl1w/join Links Mentioned: • Watch Part 1 of this conversation here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YaS1usLeXQM • Jacob's talks covering many of his points in this conversation: https://www.youtube.com/@JacobBarandesPhilOfPhysics • Jacob's first appearance on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7oWip00iXbo • New Prospects for a Causally Local Formulation of Quantum Theory (Jacob's paper): https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.16935 • The Stochastic-Quantum Correspondence (Jacob's paper): https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.10778 • Schrodinger's wave function paper (1926): https://github.com/yousbot/Quantum-Papers/blob/master/1926%20-%20E.%20Schrodinger%2C%20An%20Undulatory%20Theory%20of%20the%20Mechanics%20of%20Atoms%20and%20Molecules.pdf • The Born-Einstein Letters (book): https://www.amazon.com/Born-Einstein-Letters-1916-1955-Friendship-Uncertain/dp/1403944962/ • Probability Relations Between Separated Systems (paper) : https://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/scientists/schrodinger/Schrodinger-1936.pdf • John Bell on Bertlemann's socks (paper): https://cds.cern.ch/record/142461/files/198009299.pdf • John Bell on the Einstein Podolsky Rosen paradox (paper): https://journals.aps.org/ppf/pdf/10.1103/PhysicsPhysiqueFizika.1.195 • Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality Be Considered Complete'? (paper): https://journals.aps.org/pr/pdf/10.1103/PhysRev.47.777 • Causation as Folk Science (paper): https://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/papers/003004.pdf Timestamps: 00:00 Introduction to Quantum Mechanics 06:01 Wave-Particle Duality Explained 08:44 Distinctions Between Waves 10:36 Quantum Field Theory Insights 15:10 Research Directions in Quantum Physics 24:27 Challenges in Quantum Field Theory 31:38 Quantum Mechanics vs. General Relativity 35:47 Fluctuations in Spacetime 45:09 Probabilistic General Relativity 54:00 Bell's Theorem and Non-Locality 1:20:48 The Nature of Causation in Physics 1:23:52 Causation in Modern Science 1:30:26 Reichenbachian Factorization Debates 1:31:44 Bell's Theorem Evolution 1:35:45 Indivisible Stochastic Approach 1:38:17 Understanding Entanglement 1:42:28 Information and Black Holes 1:45:44 Phase Information Loss 1:49:03 Heisenberg and Copenhagen Interpretation 1:52:29 The Nature of Electrons 1:53:09 Exploring Open Research Questions 1:59:09 Probabilities in Statistical Mechanics 2:11:30 Problems with Many Worlds Interpretation 2:27:42 Challenges of Probability in Many Worlds 2:35:14 The Case for a New Interpretation 2:43:11 Building a Collaborative Reputation Support TOE on Patreon: https://patreon.com/curtjaimungal Twitter: https://twitter.com/TOEwithCurt Discord Invite: https://discord.com/invite/kBcnfNVwqs #science #quantummechanics #quantumphysics #physics Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
A Huawei bemutatta újdonságait Budapesten: hazánkba is megérkezett az orvostechnikai eszközként regisztrált vérnyomásmérésre képes okosóra Digital Hungary 2025-02-02 08:31:00 Mobiltech Vérnyomás Huawei Okosóra Innovatív eszközök széles skáláját mutatta be a Huawei Budapesten, köztük a Huawei Watch D2 okosórát, amely a világ első csuklón hordható, orvostechnikai eszközként regisztrált, 24 órás ambuláns vérnyomás-monitorozásra (ABPM) képes okoseszköze. Az eseményen bemutatott termékek között szerepelt továbbá a hajlítható kijelzőjű, Huawei Mate X6 okostele Itt a megoldás, ha minden film úgy néz ki az új tévéden, mint egy brazil szappanopera Rakéta 2025-02-02 07:21:07 Infotech Luxus Brazília Karácsony után sokan szembesülnek vele, hogy a vadiúj, méregdrága tévé ugyan valóban kiemelkedő képminőséget nyújt, ugyanakkor a filmek mégis valahogy furán néznek ki rajta. Bár az úgynevezett "szappanopera hatás" egyáltalán nem új jelenség, sokan nem tudják, hogyan is kéne megoldani ezt a problémát. A mesterséges intelligencia a pénzügyekben is megváltoztatja a játékszabályokat Igényesférfi.hu 2025-02-02 06:34:36 Infotech Mesterséges intelligencia Egyre nagyobb teret nyer a pénzügyi területen a mesterséges intelligencia – a vállalatok több, mint hetven százaléka használja valamilyen szinten pénzügyi folyamatai során. Forradalmian új fájdalomcsillapítót engedélyeztek Amerikában Telex 2025-02-02 09:28:22 Tudomány USA Fájdalomcsillapító 25 éve ez az első nem ópiátalapú szer a piacon. Új hatásmechanizmussal dolgozik a hatóanyag, óriási lépés lehet ez az ópiátválság kezelésében. A rossz hír, hogy jóval drágább az ópiátoknál. Mi történik, amikor már nem tudunk nagyobb MI-adatközpontokat építeni? ITBusiness 2025-02-02 06:06:08 Infotech Energia A generatív MI-modellek nemcsak népszerűségükben robbantak be az elmúlt két évben, hanem méretük is ugrásszerűen nőtt, egyre nagyobb számítási kapacitást igényelve. Mivel a gépi tanulás területén még nem történt radikális áttörés, és az energiaellátás egyre szűkösebbé válik, az MI fejlődésének folytatása egy teljesen új típusú szuperszámítógépen mú Tiltás, vizsgálat és aggodalom kíséri a DeepSeek hódítóútját ICT Global 2025-02-02 06:03:32 Infotech USA Mesterséges intelligencia Luxus DeepSeek Tavaly a világot szinte egycsapásra meghódították a méregdrága, többségükben amerikai fejlesztésű MI-modellek. A fejlesztési költségeit tekintve fapados DeepSeek pedig még ennél is intenzívebben robbant be a köztudatba a múlt héten. Magyar kutatók megtalálták a magyarság fogyásának ellenszerét Mínuszos 2025-02-02 13:33:19 Tudomány A laterális szeptum kisspeptint termelő idegsejtjei eddig kevéssé voltak ismertek, pedig kulcsszerepet játszanak a szaporodás agyi szabályozásában. A Kísérleti Orvostudományi Kutatóintézet (KOKI) kutatói felfedezték a kisspeptin idegsejtek szerepét a szaporodás agyi szabályozásában. Tényleg igaz: minden a fejben dől el! Az agy hipotalamusz nevű te Képes-e egy Ai-társ csökkenteni a magányt? Player 2025-02-02 11:15:25 Infotech Párkapcsolat Járvány A mesterségesintelligencia-társak akár gyógyírt is jelenthetnek a magányossági járványunkra… vagy az emberiség végső bukását – mondja Eugenia Kuyda, a Replika megalkotója. Üstökös messze délen Csillagászat 2025-02-02 08:48:52 Tudomány Chile Itthonról, Magyarországról alig-alig láttuk a C/2024 G3 (ATLAS)-üstököst, aki sikerrel járt, jelentős trófeát könyvelhetett el. Mint annyi esetben, most is a déli félteke észlelői számára mutatta meg magát igazán a csóvás égi vándor. Szenzációs felvétel a Las Campanas Obszervatóriumból! Fűrész Gábor, Las Campanas Obszervatórium, Chile Négy hónapon Ez minden idők egyik legrondább fejhallgatója! TechWorld 2025-02-02 10:33:08 Infotech Az Enhance Theorem Headset olyan mintha világító fánkok lennének az ember fején. Állítólag direkt MMO játékokhoz optimalizálták ezt az ízléstelen fejhallgatót. A fejhallgatók között akad néhány egészen döbbenetesen csúnya, ízléstelen darab. De még közülük is kilóg lefelé az Enchance nevű cég Theorem nevű terméke. A hangszóróház félig átlátszó, tejü Nem emberi lénytől érkezett a segítség az űrállomáson: az asztronauták nem hittek a szemüknek Life 2025-02-02 11:00:00 Életmód Kína Világűr Űrállomás Gőzerővel folynak a kísérletek a kínai űrállomáson, az asztronauták pedig nem mindennapi segítséget kaptak. Hogy mi volt az? Cikkünkből kiderül! Hatályba léptek az EU AI Act tiltó rendelkezései Fintech 2025-02-02 14:05:00 Modern Gazdaság Európai Unió Mesterséges intelligencia 2025. február 2-án az Európai Unió Mesterséges Intelligencia Törvényének (EU AI Act) első kulcsfontosságú rendelkezései lépnek életbe, amelyek tiltják az „elfogadhatatlan kockázatot” jelentő MI-rendszerek használatát és forgalmazását az EU-ban. Tiltott tevékenységek és szankciók A mai naptól (2025. február 2.) kezdve tilos az EU-ban olyan MI-rendsz Kínában már mesterséges intelligenciával működő robotorvosokat tesztelnek Infostart 2025-02-02 08:00:00 Külföld Oktatás Kína egyetem Mesterséges intelligencia Robot Startup Mesterséges intelligenciával működő kórházi rendszer tesztelését kezdte meg a külföldön is elismert Csinghua Egyetem startup cége. Kína azt tervezi, hogy kiterjeszti a mesterséges intelligencia használatát az egészségügyi ágazatban. A további adásainkat keresd a podcast.hirstart.hu oldalunkon.
A Huawei bemutatta újdonságait Budapesten: hazánkba is megérkezett az orvostechnikai eszközként regisztrált vérnyomásmérésre képes okosóra Digital Hungary 2025-02-02 08:31:00 Mobiltech Vérnyomás Huawei Okosóra Innovatív eszközök széles skáláját mutatta be a Huawei Budapesten, köztük a Huawei Watch D2 okosórát, amely a világ első csuklón hordható, orvostechnikai eszközként regisztrált, 24 órás ambuláns vérnyomás-monitorozásra (ABPM) képes okoseszköze. Az eseményen bemutatott termékek között szerepelt továbbá a hajlítható kijelzőjű, Huawei Mate X6 okostele Itt a megoldás, ha minden film úgy néz ki az új tévéden, mint egy brazil szappanopera Rakéta 2025-02-02 07:21:07 Infotech Luxus Brazília Karácsony után sokan szembesülnek vele, hogy a vadiúj, méregdrága tévé ugyan valóban kiemelkedő képminőséget nyújt, ugyanakkor a filmek mégis valahogy furán néznek ki rajta. Bár az úgynevezett "szappanopera hatás" egyáltalán nem új jelenség, sokan nem tudják, hogyan is kéne megoldani ezt a problémát. A mesterséges intelligencia a pénzügyekben is megváltoztatja a játékszabályokat Igényesférfi.hu 2025-02-02 06:34:36 Infotech Mesterséges intelligencia Egyre nagyobb teret nyer a pénzügyi területen a mesterséges intelligencia – a vállalatok több, mint hetven százaléka használja valamilyen szinten pénzügyi folyamatai során. Forradalmian új fájdalomcsillapítót engedélyeztek Amerikában Telex 2025-02-02 09:28:22 Tudomány USA Fájdalomcsillapító 25 éve ez az első nem ópiátalapú szer a piacon. Új hatásmechanizmussal dolgozik a hatóanyag, óriási lépés lehet ez az ópiátválság kezelésében. A rossz hír, hogy jóval drágább az ópiátoknál. Mi történik, amikor már nem tudunk nagyobb MI-adatközpontokat építeni? ITBusiness 2025-02-02 06:06:08 Infotech Energia A generatív MI-modellek nemcsak népszerűségükben robbantak be az elmúlt két évben, hanem méretük is ugrásszerűen nőtt, egyre nagyobb számítási kapacitást igényelve. Mivel a gépi tanulás területén még nem történt radikális áttörés, és az energiaellátás egyre szűkösebbé válik, az MI fejlődésének folytatása egy teljesen új típusú szuperszámítógépen mú Tiltás, vizsgálat és aggodalom kíséri a DeepSeek hódítóútját ICT Global 2025-02-02 06:03:32 Infotech USA Mesterséges intelligencia Luxus DeepSeek Tavaly a világot szinte egycsapásra meghódították a méregdrága, többségükben amerikai fejlesztésű MI-modellek. A fejlesztési költségeit tekintve fapados DeepSeek pedig még ennél is intenzívebben robbant be a köztudatba a múlt héten. Magyar kutatók megtalálták a magyarság fogyásának ellenszerét Mínuszos 2025-02-02 13:33:19 Tudomány A laterális szeptum kisspeptint termelő idegsejtjei eddig kevéssé voltak ismertek, pedig kulcsszerepet játszanak a szaporodás agyi szabályozásában. A Kísérleti Orvostudományi Kutatóintézet (KOKI) kutatói felfedezték a kisspeptin idegsejtek szerepét a szaporodás agyi szabályozásában. Tényleg igaz: minden a fejben dől el! Az agy hipotalamusz nevű te Képes-e egy Ai-társ csökkenteni a magányt? Player 2025-02-02 11:15:25 Infotech Párkapcsolat Járvány A mesterségesintelligencia-társak akár gyógyírt is jelenthetnek a magányossági járványunkra… vagy az emberiség végső bukását – mondja Eugenia Kuyda, a Replika megalkotója. Üstökös messze délen Csillagászat 2025-02-02 08:48:52 Tudomány Chile Itthonról, Magyarországról alig-alig láttuk a C/2024 G3 (ATLAS)-üstököst, aki sikerrel járt, jelentős trófeát könyvelhetett el. Mint annyi esetben, most is a déli félteke észlelői számára mutatta meg magát igazán a csóvás égi vándor. Szenzációs felvétel a Las Campanas Obszervatóriumból! Fűrész Gábor, Las Campanas Obszervatórium, Chile Négy hónapon Ez minden idők egyik legrondább fejhallgatója! TechWorld 2025-02-02 10:33:08 Infotech Az Enhance Theorem Headset olyan mintha világító fánkok lennének az ember fején. Állítólag direkt MMO játékokhoz optimalizálták ezt az ízléstelen fejhallgatót. A fejhallgatók között akad néhány egészen döbbenetesen csúnya, ízléstelen darab. De még közülük is kilóg lefelé az Enchance nevű cég Theorem nevű terméke. A hangszóróház félig átlátszó, tejü Nem emberi lénytől érkezett a segítség az űrállomáson: az asztronauták nem hittek a szemüknek Life 2025-02-02 11:00:00 Életmód Kína Világűr Űrállomás Gőzerővel folynak a kísérletek a kínai űrállomáson, az asztronauták pedig nem mindennapi segítséget kaptak. Hogy mi volt az? Cikkünkből kiderül! Hatályba léptek az EU AI Act tiltó rendelkezései Fintech 2025-02-02 14:05:00 Modern Gazdaság Európai Unió Mesterséges intelligencia 2025. február 2-án az Európai Unió Mesterséges Intelligencia Törvényének (EU AI Act) első kulcsfontosságú rendelkezései lépnek életbe, amelyek tiltják az „elfogadhatatlan kockázatot” jelentő MI-rendszerek használatát és forgalmazását az EU-ban. Tiltott tevékenységek és szankciók A mai naptól (2025. február 2.) kezdve tilos az EU-ban olyan MI-rendsz Kínában már mesterséges intelligenciával működő robotorvosokat tesztelnek Infostart 2025-02-02 08:00:00 Külföld Oktatás Kína egyetem Mesterséges intelligencia Robot Startup Mesterséges intelligenciával működő kórházi rendszer tesztelését kezdte meg a külföldön is elismert Csinghua Egyetem startup cége. Kína azt tervezi, hogy kiterjeszti a mesterséges intelligencia használatát az egészségügyi ágazatban. A további adásainkat keresd a podcast.hirstart.hu oldalunkon.
Is free trade always good for workers? Gene Tunny explores the Stolper-Samuelson theorem, which shows how trade can lower wages for some while benefiting others. He discusses key economic insights from Wolfgang Stolper and Paul Samuelson, real-world historical examples, and the implications for today's global trade debates. If you have any questions, comments, or suggestions for Gene, please email him at contact@economicsexplored.com.Timestamps for EP272Introduction (0:00)Explanation of Comparative Advantage and Free Trade (1:50)Background on Wolfgang Stolper and Paul Samuelson (5:50)The Heckscher-Ohlin Model and Indirect Factor Arbitrage (16:37)Stolper-Samuelson Theorem and Its Implications (26:35)Empirical Evidence and Historical Applications (31:53)Conclusion and Future Directions (32:19)TakeawaysFree Trade Creates Winners and Losers – The Stolper-Samuelson theorem predicts that free trade benefits the owners of a country's relatively abundant factors (e.g., capitalists in capital-rich countries) but can harm the owners of relatively scarce factors (e.g., workers in industrialised economies).Economic Theory Still Favors Free Trade Overall – While trade can hurt specific groups, economists argue that overall national income rises, making it possible (though not always politically feasible) to compensate the losers.Historical Evidence Supports the Underlying Theory – Examples from 19th-century trade patterns show factor price convergence, with land rents rising in the U.S. while falling in Britain due to increased trade.Trade Policy Shapes Political Alliances – Farmers in land-rich nations like Australia and the USA often supported free trade, while industrial workers in capital-rich nations tended to favor protectionism.Links relevant to the conversationThe previous episode with Ian Fletcher:https://economicsexplored.com/2025/01/21/industrial-policy-vs-free-trade-w-ian-fletcher-coalition-for-a-prosperous-america-ep271/Stolper and Samuelson's 1941 paper “Protection and Real Wages”:https://academic.oup.com/restud/article-abstract/9/1/58/1588589William Bernstein's book “A Splendid Exchange: How Trade Shaped the World”:https://www.amazon.com.au/Splendid-Exchange-Trade-Shaped-World/dp/0802144160Roger Backhouse's book “Founder of Modern Economics: Paul A. Samuelson: Volume 1: Becoming Samuelson, 1915-1948”:https://www.amazon.com.au/Founder-Modern-Economics-Samuelson-1915-1948/dp/0190664096Edward Leamer's paper on the Hecksher-Ohlin model in theory and practice:https://ies.princeton.edu/pdf/S77.pdfLumo Coffee promotion10% of Lumo Coffee's Seriously Healthy Organic Coffee.Website: https://www.lumocoffee.com/10EXPLOREDPromo code: 10EXPLORED Full transcripts are available a few days after the episode is first published at www.economicsexplored.com.
The Department of Defense houses one of — if not the biggest — workforces in the world. It is a Fortune 1 company, if you think about it that way. And managing a workforce that large and complex doesn't come easy. However, the department believes that modern technology can play a role in making workforce management more effective. To discuss that, Wyatt Kash recently spoke with Mark Gorak, principal Director for resources & analysis in the office of the DOD CIO, about the digital tools and resource the department is leaning on to modernize it workforce management and the challenges such a large enterprise faces in managing its workforce. The Trump administration has made its pick for federal CIO, FedScoop has learned. Two sources familiar with the matter confirmed that Greg Barbaccia has been hired for the federal CIO role within the Office of Management and Budget. He replaces Clare Martorana, who served in the role for nearly the entirety of the Biden administration. In the short time the role has been vacant since Martorana stepped down Jan. 20, Deputy Federal CIO Drew Myklegard has filled it in an acting capacity. Barbaccia comes to the role with a background of mostly private-sector experience, though he started his career in the U.S. Army, according to a public bio. He then went on to build a resume as a technology leader at Palantir, where he spent a decade in roles including head of intelligence and investigations; blockchain company Elementus; and San Francisco-based credit underwriting technology company Theorem, where he was most recently CISO before taking the federal CIO role. OpenAI has announced a new more tailored version of ChatGPT called ChatGPT Gov, a service that the company said is meant to accelerate government use of the tool for non-public sensitive data. In an announcement Tuesday, the company said that ChatGPT Gov, which can run in the Microsoft Azure commercial cloud or Azure Government cloud, will give federal agencies increased ability to use OpenAI frontier models. The product is also supposed to make it easier for agencies to follow certain cybersecurity and compliance requirements, while exploring potential applications of the technology, the announcement said. Through ChatGPT Gov, federal agencies can use GPT-4o, along with a series of other OpenAI tools, and build custom search and chat systems developed by agencies. The Daily Scoop Podcast is available every Monday-Friday afternoon. If you want to hear more of the latest from Washington, subscribe to The Daily Scoop Podcast on Apple Podcasts, Soundcloud, Spotify and YouTube.
https://www.patreon.com/joytactics
Wir beginnen unser Programm mit einem Rückblick auf einige aktuelle Ereignisse. Als Erstes sprechen wir über den Rücktritt des kanadischen Premierministers Justin Trudeau nach neun Jahren im Amt. Danach diskutieren wir über das Umweltvermächtnis des am 29. Dezember verstorbenen ehemaligen US-Präsidenten Jimmy Carter. Im wissenschaftlichen Segment des Programms sprechen wir heute über eine Studie, die das häufig diskutierte „Infinite-Monkey-Theorem“ analysiert. Laut diesem Theorem soll eine unendliche Anzahl von Affen in der Lage sein, das Gesamtwerk von William Shakespeare im Laufe der Zeit auf Papier zu reproduzieren. Und zum Abschluss des ersten Teils unseres Programms werfen wir einen Blick auf die Reisetrends für 2025, die darauf hindeuten, dass Touristen in diesem Jahr längere Reisen planen. Der zweite Teil des Programms ist der deutschen Sprache und Kultur gewidmet. Der Grammatikteil ist voller Beispiele zum heutigen Thema – Compound Nouns: Part 2. Und wie immer wird es in diesem Dialog kein trockenes Gerede über Grammatik geben. Das Gleiche gilt auch für unseren Dialog über Redewendungen, der den Gebrauch der heutigen Redewendung – Dienst ist Dienst und Schnaps ist Schnaps – veranschaulicht. Trudeau tritt zurück: Ist es das Aus für liberale Werte? Die Welt würdigt Jimmy Carters Umweltvermächtnis Kann eine unendliche Anzahl von Affen das Gesamtwerk von William Shakespeare tippen? Reisetrends 2025: Touristen planen längere Reisen So langsam wie möglich Dienst ist Dienst und Schnaps ist Schnaps
Wir beginnen unser Programm mit einem Rückblick auf einige aktuelle Ereignisse. Als Erstes sprechen wir über den Rücktritt des kanadischen Premierministers Justin Trudeau nach neun Jahren im Amt. Danach diskutieren wir über das Umweltvermächtnis des am 29. Dezember verstorbenen ehemaligen US-Präsidenten Jimmy Carter. Im wissenschaftlichen Segment des Programms sprechen wir heute über eine Studie, die das häufig diskutierte „Infinite-Monkey-Theorem“ analysiert. Laut diesem Theorem soll eine unendliche Anzahl von Affen in der Lage sein, das Gesamtwerk von William Shakespeare im Laufe der Zeit auf Papier zu reproduzieren. Und zum Abschluss des ersten Teils unseres Programms werfen wir einen Blick auf die Reisetrends für 2025, die darauf hindeuten, dass Touristen in diesem Jahr längere Reisen planen. Der zweite Teil des Programms ist der deutschen Sprache und Kultur gewidmet. Der Grammatikteil ist voller Beispiele zum heutigen Thema – Compound Nouns: Part 2. Und wie immer wird es in diesem Dialog kein trockenes Gerede über Grammatik geben. Das Gleiche gilt auch für unseren Dialog über Redewendungen, der den Gebrauch der heutigen Redewendung – Dienst ist Dienst und Schnaps ist Schnaps – veranschaulicht. Trudeau tritt zurück: Ist es das Aus für liberale Werte? Die Welt würdigt Jimmy Carters Umweltvermächtnis Kann eine unendliche Anzahl von Affen das Gesamtwerk von William Shakespeare tippen? Reisetrends 2025: Touristen planen längere Reisen So langsam wie möglich Dienst ist Dienst und Schnaps ist Schnaps
Holmberg's Morning Sickness - Playdio 2024 DAY ONE - The Annual Local Music "showcase" - Bands 14-17 - Monday November 25, 2024 Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices
Holmberg's Morning Sickness - Playdio 2024 DAY ONE - The Annual Local Music "showcase" - Bands 14-17 - Monday November 25, 2024 Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices
The Median Voter Theorem says that, given some reasonable assumptions, the candidate closest to the beliefs of the median voter will win. So if candidates are rational, they'll all end up at the same place on a one-dimensional political spectrum: the exact center. Here's a simple argument for why this should be true: suppose the Democrats wisely choose a centrist platform, but the Republicans foolishly veer far-right: https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/secrets-of-the-median-voter-theorem
https://www.reasonablefaith.org/writings/question-answer/new-work-on-the-bgv-theorem
Liron Shapira, host of [Doom Debates], invited us on to discuss Popperian versus Bayesian epistemology and whether we're worried about AI doom. As one might expect knowing us, we only got about halfway through the first subject, so get yourselves ready (presumably with many drinks) for part II in a few weeks! The era of Ben and Vaden's rowdy youtube debates has begun. Vaden is jubilant, Ben is uncomfortable, and the world has never been more annoyed by Popperians. Follow Liron on twitter (@liron) and check out the Doom Debates youtube channel (https://www.youtube.com/@DoomDebates) and podcast (https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/doom-debates/id1751366208). We discuss Whether we're concerned about AI doom Bayesian reasoning versus Popperian reasoning Whether it makes sense to put numbers on all your beliefs Solomonoff induction Objective vs subjective Bayesianism Prediction markets and superforecasting References Vaden's blog post on Cox's Theorem and Yudkowsky's claims of "Laws of Rationality": https://vmasrani.github.io/blog/2021/thecredenceassumption/ Disproof of probabilistic induction (including Solomonov Induction): https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.00749 EA Post Vaden Mentioned regarding predictions being uncalibrated more than 1yr out: https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/posts/hqkyaHLQhzuREcXSX/data-on-forecasting-accuracy-across-different-time-horizons#Calibrations Article by Gavin Leech and Misha Yagudin on the reliability of forecasters: https://ifp.org/can-policymakers-trust-forecasters/ Superforecaster p(doom) is ~1%: https://80000hours.org/2024/09/why-experts-and-forecasters-disagree-about-ai-risk/#:~:text=Domain%20experts%20in%20AI%20estimated,by%202100%20(around%2090%25). The existential risk persuasion tournament https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/the-extinction-tournament Some more info in Ben's article on superforecasting: https://benchugg.com/writing/superforecasting/ Slides on Content vs Probability: https://vmasrani.github.io/assets/pdf/popper_good.pdf Socials Follow us on Twitter at @IncrementsPod, @BennyChugg, @VadenMasrani, @liron Come join our discord server! DM us on twitter or send us an email to get a supersecret link Trust in the reverend Bayes and get exclusive bonus content by becoming a patreon subscriber here (https://www.patreon.com/Increments). Or give us one-time cash donations to help cover our lack of cash donations here (https://ko-fi.com/increments). Click dem like buttons on youtube (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_4wZzQyoW4s4ZuE4FY9DQQ) What's your credence that the second debate is as fun as the first? Tell us at incrementspodcast@gmail.com Special Guest: Liron Shapira.
Mario Carneiro is the creator of Mathlib, Lean4Lean and Metamath0. He is currently doing his Postdoc at Chalmers University working on CakeML. In this episode we talk about foundations of theorem provers, type systems properties, semantics and interoperabilities. Links Lean4Lean github Metamath Metamath0 Lean Foundations Discussion Large Elimination / Singleton Elimination
Much of the field of economics derives its theories from a subset of Adam Smith's philosophy found in the Wealth of Nations. But are economists overlooking other parts of Adam Smith's teachings that could explain more about human behavior and economics? Nobel-prize winning economist Vernon L. Smith is an emeritus professor of economics and law at Chapman University. His books like Rationality in Economics: Constructivist and Ecological Forms and Humanomics: Moral Sentiments and the Wealth of Nations for the Twenty-First Century explore how human behavior shapes economics.Vernon and Greg discuss the role Adam Smith's Theory of Moral Sentiments plays in understanding behavioral economics, Vernon's early supply and demand experiments, and how his work shaped the field of experimental economics. *unSILOed Podcast is produced by University FM.*Show Links:Recommended Resources:Adam Smith StoicismAlfred MarshallEdward ChamberlinMilton FriedmanKevin A McCabeCharles HoltBetsy HoffmanGuest Profile:Faculty Profile at Chapman UniversityNobel Prize Winner BioHis Work:Economics of Markets: Neoclassical Theory, Experiments, and Theory of Classical Price DiscoveryRationality in Economics: Constructivist and Ecological FormsHumanomics: Moral Sentiments and the Wealth of Nations for the Twenty-First Century A Life of Experimental Economics, Volume I: Forty Years of DiscoveryA Life of Experimental Economics, Volume II: The Next Fifty YearsEpisode Quotes:Do humans learn economics through experience, not theory?39:09: People don't get the economics right by thinking about it. They get it right by actually participating in markets and getting a feel for what's going on. And I argue that humans are very good, once they do that. Sure, they can be fooled. And they do a lot of crazy things in a new market before they've acquired experience, but they adapt very well. And so, that equilibrium concepts are relevant. But the behavior is very much experience-oriented. And so, they get there through experiential learning. You see more than just abstract analysis and thinking about it.Perspective is at the foundation of the theorem of moral sentiments12:29: [The relationship] Perspective is at the foundation of the Theory of Moral Sentiments. That's what he's [Adam Smith] talking about—sentiments. An important part of it is fellow feeling.Gratitude influences sacrifice and motivates cooperation48:16: Gratitude creates indebtedness. And so people may have self-interested motivations, but they also have this motivation to get along with others. And so this proposition predicts, in the trust game, that people are sacrificing; they're taking less reward in order to do what they believe is right, to treat this person.Why is Vernon championing Adam Smith's principles in the modern way of thinking about economics?56:45: So that's why I'm a champion of trying to get that pattern of thinking and Adam Smith's principles into the modern way of thinking in economics. Economics and psychology, and in economics, because the Theorem of Sentiments was a contribution to social psychology that just never took hold. It was another hundred years, you see, before psychology started to do anything. And it was the beginning of the 20th century before psychology became very prominent. And then it was individual psychology, not social psychology. I think Adam Smith would find that strange.
okay now im serious, subscribe to our patreon: patreon.com/westernpromises.com oh boy we are so back. teratomas, fistulas, kris angel uterus freak, current events, ahmeds big day, Mohamed's Theorem, metal gear solid V, standing on business. this week all three boys are in it to win it and we can see that checkered flag. kept ya waiting huh? also i am on a work field trip and Paris is dealing with a mysterious water situation so we are both on airpods. honestly its is pretty good. Please tell your brothers and sisters about our show.
Thelma Thelma Post is a 93-year-old grandmother who loses $10,000 to a con artist on the phone. With help from a friend and his motorized scooter, she soon embarks on a treacherous journey across Los Angeles to reclaim what was taken from her. Marguerite's Theorem When a brilliant mathematics student at France's top university presents her thesis, a mistake shakes the certainty of her planned-out life. She decides to quit everything and start over. LISTEN ABOVE See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
This week we review the season three episode Shadow Dancing.Joe gives us fun vampire facts, Mike almost deploys Bayes' Theorem, and Sarah reads from the Babylon 5 Visitor's Guide that she just made up.Spoiler-free discussion: 0:00:00 - 1:04:01Spoiler Zone: 1:04:01 - 1:07:30Next Episode and other Shenanigans: 1:07:30Music from this episode:"Surf Punk Rock" By absentrealities is licensed under CC-BY 3.0"Please Define The Error" By Delta Centauri is licensed under CC-BY 3.0"The Haunted McMansion" By Megabit Melodies is licensed under CC-BY 3.0
Episode: 3109 Mathematics says that we should never disagree, but we still do. Today, let's talk about what I know that you know.
Who decides what's good and what's not worth looking at - who are the gatekeepers? Why does some work sell for tens of thousands, and others hold no value to the curators, historians and galleries? Why do artists of one genre openly dismiss another? What triggers you? This week Gaynor and Karen were triggered by opinions stated as facts. Do join the conversation as we'd love to know what you think - also what triggers you?! This week's links and mentions: Photo Credit: Icons8 Team on Unsplash Black Swan Frome Open Exhibition Hauser & Wirth Bruton, Somerset Rae Melody Art Holburne Art Museum About the podcast Gaynor Leverett-Jaques and Karen George are both full time artists, living and working in South West of the UK, sharing experiences and the ups and downs of living the painting life. You can find more about them on their websites or by following them on instagram where they share their work and practice on a regular basis. Karen George Art https://www.karengeorgeart.co.uk/ @karengeorgeart on instagram Gaynor Leverett-Jaques https://www.gaynorljart.com/ @gaynorljart on instagram Thanks always to our wonderful sound editor, Ben Leverett-Jaques, who also wrote and performs the opening song 'Strangler Fig' Ben's IMBD page: https://www.imdb.com/name/nm7425880/ Ben's Music - Low Cinnabar: https://low-cinnabar.bandcamp.com/album/four-songs-from-the-tree
On today's Bonus ep: Old love letters ruin a 77 year old marriage, the iconic Raygun, more animals in the news headlines, a little quiz, and do you stop life plans for love?Check out Spenny's World Record challenge here! http://www.makesomenoise.com/spencer-matthews-challenge Remember, if you want to get involved you can:Email us at Spencerandvoguepod@gmail.com OR find us on socials @voguewilliams @spencermatthews and the new @spencer_and_vogueListen and subscribe to Spencer and Vogue on Global Player or wherever you get your podcasts.Please review Global's Privacy Policy: https://global.com/legal/privacy-policy/
This is a recap of the top 10 posts on Hacker News on August 15th, 2024.This podcast was generated by wondercraft.ai(00:38): Kim Dotcom's extradition to the U.S. given green light by New ZealandOriginal post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41254989&utm_source=wondercraft_ai(01:48): Galois TheoryOriginal post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41255456&utm_source=wondercraft_ai(03:05): Nomad, communicate off-grid mesh, forward secrecy and extreme privacyOriginal post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41253922&utm_source=wondercraft_ai(04:18): CEOs are running companies from afar even as workers return to officeOriginal post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41261986&utm_source=wondercraft_ai(05:28): CockroachDB license changeOriginal post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41256222&utm_source=wondercraft_ai(06:37): Google is a monopoly – the fix isn't obviousOriginal post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41254976&utm_source=wondercraft_ai(07:50): Exact Polygonal Filtering: Using Green's Theorem and Clipping for Anti-AliasingOriginal post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41253461&utm_source=wondercraft_ai(09:11): Markdown is meant to be shown (2021)Original post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41254936&utm_source=wondercraft_ai(10:17): WriteFreely: An open source platform for building a writing space on the webOriginal post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41253870&utm_source=wondercraft_ai(11:20): It's the land, stupid: How the homebuilder cartel drives high housing pricesOriginal post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41259229&utm_source=wondercraft_aiThis is a third-party project, independent from HN and YC. Text and audio generated using AI, by wondercraft.ai. Create your own studio quality podcast with text as the only input in seconds at app.wondercraft.ai. Issues or feedback? We'd love to hear from you: team@wondercraft.ai
Stigall thinks its important to evaluate where things stand. You're being fed an awful lot of Harris-Walz propaganda meant to dispirit and dissuade Trump enthusiasm. Today, Stigall challenges the reality of that enthusiasm - at least the justification for it, if not the sincerity of it in the first place. The great Rush Limbaugh once coined "the Limbaugh Theorem" to explain what Stigall believes we're living again just as we did with Obama. Meanwhile, JD Vance hits the Sunday show circuit and slices and dices every "journalist" he faces and you'll love hearing it. Suffice it to say - we're in an extraordinary era of showbusiness, gaslighting, and insincerity that makes honest people furious. Stigall understands how you feel. Let's talk about it. And don't forget Trump meets with Elon Musk on X tonight. We'll discuss tomorrow. -For more info visit the official website: https://chrisstigall.comInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/chrisstigallshow/Twitter: https://twitter.com/ChrisStigallFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/chris.stigall/Listen on Spotify: https://tinyurl.com/StigallPodListen on Apple Podcasts: https://bit.ly/StigallShowSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
Link to Telegram Group - https://t.me/FatherHawkColdApproach If you're looking for cold approach/dating coaching get in touch: fatherhawkcoldapproach@gmail.com Available for in-person and online cold approach coaching. #daygame #rizz #coldapproach
In this Classic Call episode, Tiffany Earl and Aneladee Milne, founders of LEMI, guide listeners through an engaging lesson on the Capacity Triangle. The episode also includes elaboration on overcoming personal and educational roadblocks and the importance of the teacher-student-parent relationship in effective mentoring. Please be sure to like & share! And if you'd like to learn more about Leadership Education and LEMI, we have a free online course on our membership site LEMI-U.com. 00:00 Introduction to the Episode 00:20 Drawing the Famous Triangle 01:53 Understanding the Pythagorean Theorem 02:41 Applying the Theorem with Examples 07:22 Character, Competence, and Capacity 10:11 Exploring Competence 13:05 The Importance of Capacity 27:44 The Hero Cycle 34:37 Overcoming Emotional Traps 36:07 Logical vs. Emotional Thinking 36:59 Identifying and Naming Traps 37:49 The Final Test and Push Forward 39:16 Recognizing Roadblocks 44:52 Common Walls and Roadblocks 45:57 Paths to Overcoming Walls 51:17 The Role of Faith and Mentorship 51:55 Practical Examples and Personal Stories 59:23 The Character and Competence Triangle 01:05:58 Engaging Parents in Education 01:08:26 Conclusion and Final Thoughts
Learn how Noether's profound mathematical theorem relating symmetries to conservation laws is deeply woven into the physics of the universe. Enjoy this rerun of an earlier episode as we take our summer break. For ad free episodes and other exclusives, join us for just $3 a month on Patreon: https://patreon.com/whythisuniverse Our merch is available here: https://www.shalmawegsman.com/why-this-universe
Welcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is: A Simple Toy Coherence Theorem, published by johnswentworth on August 2, 2024 on The AI Alignment Forum. This post presents a simple toy coherence theorem, and then uses it to address various common confusions about coherence arguments. Setting Deterministic MDP. That means at each time t there's a state S[t][1], the agent/policy takes an action A[t] (which can depend on both time t and current state S[t]), and then the next state S[t+1] is fully determined by S[t] and A[t]. The current state and current action are sufficient to tell us the next state. We will think about values over the state at some final time T. Note that often in MDPs there is an incremental reward each timestep in addition to a final reward at the end; in our setting there is zero incremental reward at each timestep. One key point about this setting: if the value over final state is uniform, i.e. same value for all final states, then the MDP is trivial. In that case, all policies are optimal, it does not matter at all what the final state is or what any state along the way is, everything is equally valuable. Theorem There exist policies which cannot be optimal for any values over final state except for the trivial case of uniform values. Furthermore, such policies are exactly those which display inconsistent revealed preferences transitively between all final states. Proof As a specific example: consider an MDP in which every state is reachable at every timestep, and a policy which always stays in the same state over time. From each state S every other state is reachable, yet the policy chooses S, so in order for the policy to be optimal S must be a highest-value final state. Since each state must be a highest-value state, the policy cannot be optimal for any values over final state except for the trivial case of uniform values. That establishes the existence part of the theorem, and you can probably get the whole idea by thinking about how to generalize that example. The rest of the proof extends the idea of that example to inconsistent revealed preferences in general. Bulk of Proof (click to expand) Assume the policy is optimal for some particular values over final state. We can then start from those values over final state and compute the best value achievable starting from each state at each earlier time. That's just dynamic programming: V[S,t]=max S' reachable in next timestep from S V[S',t+1] where V[S,T] are the values over final states. A policy is optimal for final values V[S,T] if-and-only-if at each timestep t1 it chooses a next state with highest reachable V[S,t]. Now, suppose that at timestep t there are two different states either of which can reach either state A or state B in the next timestep. From one of those states the policy chooses A; from the other the policy chooses B. This is an inconsistent revealed preference between A and B at time t: sometimes the policy has a revealed preference for A over B, sometimes for B over A. In order for a policy with an inconsistent revealed preference between A and B at time t to be optimal, the values must satisfy V[A,t]=V[B,t] Why? Well, a policy is optimal for final values V[S,T] if-and-only if at each timestep t1 it chooses a next state with highest reachable V[S,t]. So, if an optimal policy sometimes chooses A over B at timestep t when both are reachable, then we must have V[A,t]V[B,t]. And if an optimal policy sometimes chooses B over A at timestep t when both are reachable, then we must have V[A,t]V[B,t]. If both of those occur, i.e. the policy has an inconsistent revealed preference between A and B at time t, then V[A,t]=V[B,t]. Now, we can propagate that equality to a revealed preference on final states. We know that the final state which the policy in fact reaches starting from A at time t must have the highest reachable value, a...
Welcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is: A Simple Toy Coherence Theorem, published by johnswentworth on August 2, 2024 on LessWrong. This post presents a simple toy coherence theorem, and then uses it to address various common confusions about coherence arguments. Setting Deterministic MDP. That means at each time t there's a state S[t][1], the agent/policy takes an action A[t] (which can depend on both time t and current state S[t]), and then the next state S[t+1] is fully determined by S[t] and A[t]. The current state and current action are sufficient to tell us the next state. We will think about values over the state at some final time T. Note that often in MDPs there is an incremental reward each timestep in addition to a final reward at the end; in our setting there is zero incremental reward at each timestep. One key point about this setting: if the value over final state is uniform, i.e. same value for all final states, then the MDP is trivial. In that case, all policies are optimal, it does not matter at all what the final state is or what any state along the way is, everything is equally valuable. Theorem There exist policies which cannot be optimal for any values over final state except for the trivial case of uniform values. Furthermore, such policies are exactly those which display inconsistent revealed preferences transitively between all final states. Proof As a specific example: consider an MDP in which every state is reachable at every timestep, and a policy which always stays in the same state over time. From each state S every other state is reachable, yet the policy chooses S, so in order for the policy to be optimal S must be a highest-value final state. Since each state must be a highest-value state, the policy cannot be optimal for any values over final state except for the trivial case of uniform values. That establishes the existence part of the theorem, and you can probably get the whole idea by thinking about how to generalize that example. The rest of the proof extends the idea of that example to inconsistent revealed preferences in general. Bulk of Proof (click to expand) Assume the policy is optimal for some particular values over final state. We can then start from those values over final state and compute the best value achievable starting from each state at each earlier time. That's just dynamic programming: V[S,t]=max S' reachable in next timestep from S V[S',t+1] where V[S,T] are the values over final states. A policy is optimal for final values V[S,T] if-and-only-if at each timestep t1 it chooses a next state with highest reachable V[S,t]. Now, suppose that at timestep t there are two different states either of which can reach either state A or state B in the next timestep. From one of those states the policy chooses A; from the other the policy chooses B. This is an inconsistent revealed preference between A and B at time t: sometimes the policy has a revealed preference for A over B, sometimes for B over A. In order for a policy with an inconsistent revealed preference between A and B at time t to be optimal, the values must satisfy V[A,t]=V[B,t] Why? Well, a policy is optimal for final values V[S,T] if-and-only if at each timestep t1 it chooses a next state with highest reachable V[S,t]. So, if an optimal policy sometimes chooses A over B at timestep t when both are reachable, then we must have V[A,t]V[B,t]. And if an optimal policy sometimes chooses B over A at timestep t when both are reachable, then we must have V[A,t]V[B,t]. If both of those occur, i.e. the policy has an inconsistent revealed preference between A and B at time t, then V[A,t]=V[B,t]. Now, we can propagate that equality to a revealed preference on final states. We know that the final state which the policy in fact reaches starting from A at time t must have the highest reachable value, and that value...
Back in the 1700s, in a spa town outside of London, Thomas Bayes, a Presbyterian minister and amateur mathematician, invented a formula that lets you figure out how likely something is to happen based on what you already know. It changed the world. Today, pollsters use it to forecast election results and bookies to predict Super Bowl scores. For neuroscientists, it explains how our brains work; for computer scientists, it's the principle behind artificial intelligence. In this episode, we explore the modern-day applications of this game-changing theorem with the help of Tom Chivers, author of the new book "Everything Is Predictable: How Bayesian Statistics Explain Our World."
Welcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is: Understanding Gödel's completeness theorem, published by jessicata on May 28, 2024 on LessWrong. In this post I prove a variant of Gödel's completeness theorem. My intention has been to really understand the theorem, so that I am not simply shuffling symbols around, but am actually understanding why it is true. I hope it is helpful for at least some other people. For sources, I have myself relied mainly on Srivastava's presentation. I have relied a lot on intuitions about sequent calculus; while I present a sequent calculus in this post, this is not a complete introduction to sequent calculus. I recommend Logitext as an online proof tool for gaining more intuition about sequent proofs. I am familiar with sequent calculus mainly through type theory. First-order theories and models A first-order theory consists of: A countable set of functions, which each have an arity, a non-negative integer. A countable set of predicates, which also have non-negative integer arities. A countable set of axioms, which are sentences in the theory. Assume a countably infinite set of variables. A term consists of either a variable, or a function applied to a number of terms equal to its arity. An atomic sentence is a predicate applied to a number of terms equal to its arity. A sentence may be one of: an atomic sentence. a negated sentence, P. a conjunction of sentences, PQ. a universal, x,P, where x is a variable. Define disjunctions (PQ:=(PQ)), implications (PQ:=(PQ)), and existentials (x,P:=x,P) from these other terms in the usual manner. A first-order theory has a countable set of axioms, each of which are sentences. So far this is fairly standard; see Peano arithmetic for an example of a first-order theory. I am omitting equality from first-order theories, as in general equality can be replaced with an equality predicate and axioms. A term or sentence is said to be closed if it has no free variables (that is, variables which are not quantified over). A closed term or sentence can be interpreted without reference to variable assignments, similar to a variable-free expression in a programming language. Let a constant be a function of arity zero. I will make the non-standard assumption that first-order theories have a countably infinite set of constants which do not appear in any axiom. This will help in defining inference rules and proving completeness. Generally it is not a problem to add a countably infinite set of constants to a first-order theory; it does not strengthen the theory (except in that it aids in proving universals, as defined below). Before defining inference rules, I will define models. A model of a theory consists of a set (the domain of discourse), interpretations of the functions (as mapping finite lists of values in the domain to other values), and interpretations of predicates (as mapping finite lists of values in the domain to Booleans), which satisfies the axioms. Closed terms have straightforward interpretations in a model, as evaluating the expression (as if in a programming language). Closed sentences have straightforward truth values, e.g. the formula P is true in a model when P is false in the model. Judgments and sequent rules A judgment is of the form ΓΔ, where Γ and Δ are (possibly infinite) countable sets of closed sentences. The judgment is true in a model if at least one of Γ is false or at least one of Δ is true. As notation, if Γ is a set of sentences and P is a sentence, then Γ,P denotes Γ{P}. The inference rules are expressed as sequents. A sequent has one judgment on the bottom, and a finite set of judgments on top. Intuitively, it states that if all the judgments on top are provable, the rule yields a proof of the judgment on the bottom. Along the way, I will show that each rule is sound: if every judgment on the top is true in all models, then t...
Welcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is: Book review: Everything Is Predictable, published by PeterMcCluskey on May 27, 2024 on LessWrong. Book review: Everything Is Predictable: How Bayesian Statistics Explain Our World, by Tom Chivers. Many have attempted to persuade the world to embrace a Bayesian worldview, but none have succeeded in reaching a broad audience. E.T. Jaynes' book has been a leading example, but its appeal is limited to those who find calculus enjoyable, making it unsuitable for a wider readership. Other attempts to engage a broader audience often focus on a narrower understanding, such as Bayes' Theorem, rather than the complete worldview. Claude's most fitting recommendation was Rationality: From AI to Zombies, but at 1,813 pages, it's too long and unstructured for me to comfortably recommend to most readers. (GPT-4o's suggestions were less helpful, focusing only on resources for practical problem-solving). Aubrey Clayton's book, Bernoulli's Fallacy: Statistical Illogic and the Crisis of Modern Science, only came to my attention because Chivers mentioned it, offering mixed reviews that hint at why it remained unnoticed. Chivers has done his best to mitigate this gap. While his book won't reach as many readers as I'd hoped, I'm comfortable recommending it as the standard introduction to the Bayesian worldview for most readers. Basics Chivers guides readers through the fundamentals of Bayes' Theorem, offering little that's extraordinary in this regard. A fair portion of the book is dedicated to explaining why probability should be understood as a function of our ignorance, contrasting with the frequentist approach that attempts to treat probability as if it existed independently of our minds. The book has many explanations of how frequentists are wrong, yet concedes that the leading frequentists are not stupid. Frequentism's problems often stem from a misguided effort to achieve more objectivity in science than seems possible. The only exception to this mostly fair depiction of frequentists is a section titled "Are Frequentists Racist?". Chivers repeats Clayton's diatribe affirming this, treating the diatribe more seriously than it deserves, before dismissing it. (Frequentists were racist when racism was popular. I haven't seen any clear evidence of whether Bayesians behaved differently). The Replication Crisis Chivers explains frequentism's role in the replication crisis. A fundamental drawback of p-values is that they indicate the likelihood of the data given a hypothesis, which differs from the more important question of how likely the hypothesis is given the data. Here, Chivers (and many frequentists) overlook a point raised by Deborah Mayo: p-values can help determine if an experiment had a sufficiently large sample size. Deciding whether to conduct a larger experiment can be as ew: Everything Is Predictablecrucial as drawing the best inference from existing data. The perversity of common p-value usage is exemplified by Lindley's paradox: a p-value below 0.05 can sometimes provide Bayesian evidence against the tested hypothesis. A p-value of 0.04 indicates that the data are unlikely given the null hypothesis, but we can construct scenarios where the data are even less likely under the hypothesis you wish to support. A key factor in the replication crisis is the reward system for scientists and journals, which favors publishing surprising results. The emphasis on p-values allows journals to accept more surprising results compared to a Bayesian approach, creating a clear disincentive for individual scientists or journals to adopt Bayesian methods before others do. Minds Approximate Bayes The book concludes by describing how human minds employ heuristics that closely approximate the Bayesian approach. This includes a well-written summary of how predictive processing works, demonstrating ...
Prepare for a cosmic deep dive into the enigmatic world of black holes and stellar mysteries on this Q&A episode of Space Nuts. Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson answer burning questions from the Space Nuts community, starting with a head-scratcher about black holes and magnetic fields. Can these gravitational giants possess magnetic fields, and if so, how do they influence the spectacular jets seen emanating from quasars? The duo untangles the complex relationship between rotation, charge, and magnetism.Next, Pete from sunny Sheffield queries the stellar classification mnemonic "Oh, Be A Fine Girl, Kiss Me" and its implications. How do the proportions of these star types stack up in the Milky Way, and do these ratios hold true across other galaxies? The conversation illuminates the cosmic census of star types, from the rare, scorching O stars to the ubiquitous, cooler M dwarfs.Listeners also get a personal touch as Michael from Kent inquires about Fred's most standout project over his illustrious career. Fred shares insights into his contributions to groundbreaking surveys and reminisces about the influential projects that have shaped our understanding of the universe.Rounding off the episode, Rusty from Donnybrook seeks to understand why fogbows are white rather than exhibiting the vibrant hues of a typical rainbow. The answer lies in the intricate interplay of light refraction, dispersion, and the often-overlooked diffraction in tiny water droplets.From the nature of magnetic fields in the abyss of black holes to the distribution of stars across the cosmos, this episode of Space Nuts is a treasure trove of astronomical knowledge. Tune in as Andrew and Fred navigate the celestial curiosities that keep us gazing skyward with wonder.00:00:00 Professor Fred Watson answers your questions on this edition of Space Nuts00:02:31 Robert from the Netherlands says black holes do not have a magnetic field00:09:15 Three questions from Pete Ellinger on different types of stars00:15:08 Metallicity, the amount of iron in a star, varies across galaxies00:16:59 If there was a project that you could have worked on past or present, what00:25:21 The hippie telescope was a big leap forward from the existing telescope00:25:47 Final question, Fred, comes from Rusty in Donnybrook about fog bowsSupport Space Nuts and join us on this journey through the stars by visiting https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts--2631155/support.Your contributions help us continue our mission to answer the universe's most perplexing questions.Clear skies and boundless curiosity await on Space Nuts, where we make the cosmos your backyard.
SummaryTom Chivers discusses his book 'Everything is Predictable: How Bayesian Statistics Explain Our World' and the applications of Bayesian statistics in various fields. He explains how Bayesian reasoning can be used to make predictions and evaluate the likelihood of hypotheses. Chivers also touches on the intersection of AI and ethics, particularly in relation to AI-generated art. The conversation explores the history of Bayes' theorem and its role in science, law, and medicine. Overall, the discussion highlights the power and implications of Bayesian statistics in understanding and navigating the world. The conversation explores the role of AI in prediction and the importance of Bayesian thinking. It discusses the progress of AI in image classification and the challenges it still faces, such as accurately depicting fine details like hands. The conversation also delves into the topic of predictions going wrong, particularly in the context of conspiracy theories. It highlights the Bayesian nature of human beliefs and the influence of prior probabilities on updating beliefs with new evidence. The conversation concludes with a discussion on the relevance of Bayesian statistics in various fields and the need for beliefs to have probabilities and predictions attached to them. Takeaways Bayesian statistics can be used to make predictions and evaluate the likelihood of hypotheses. Bayes' theorem has applications in various fields, including science, law, and medicine. The intersection of AI and ethics raises complex questions about AI-generated art and the predictability of human behavior. Understanding Bayesian reasoning can enhance decision-making and critical thinking skills. AI has made significant progress in image classification, but still faces challenges in accurately depicting fine details. Predictions can go wrong due to the influence of prior beliefs and the interpretation of new evidence. Beliefs should have probabilities and predictions attached to them, allowing for updates with new information. Bayesian thinking is crucial in various fields, including AI, pharmaceuticals, and decision-making. The importance of defining predictions and probabilities when engaging in debates and discussions.
Summary: The episode discusses the 10,000 year dilemma, which is a thought experiment on how to deal with nuclear waste in the future. Today's episode is hosted by guest host David Gibson, who is the founder of the Ray Kitty Creation Workshop. (Find out more about the Ray Kitty Creation Workshop by clicking here). Gabriel and Autumn are out this week, but will be returning in short order with 3 separate interviews with authors of some fantastic popular science and math books including: The Gravity of Math: How Geometry Rules the Universe by Dr. Shing-Tung Yau and Steve Nadis. This book is all about the history of our understanding of gravity from the theories of Isaac Newton to Albert Einstein and beyond, including gravitational waves, black holes, as well as some of the current uncertainties regarding a precise definition of mass. On sale now! EVERYTHING IS PREDICTABLE: How Bayesian Statistics Explain Our World by Tom Chivers. Published by Simon and Schuster. This book explains the importance of Baye's Theorem in helping us to understand why highly accurate screening tests can lead to false positives, a phenomenon we saw during the Covid-19 pandemic; How a failure to account for Bayes' Theorem has put innocent people in jail; How military strategists using the theorem can predict where an enemy will strike next, and how Baye's Theorem is helping us to understang machine learning processes - a critical skillset to have in the 21st century. Available 05/07/2024 A CITY ON MARS: Can we settle space, should we settle space, and have we really thought this through? by authors Dr. Kelly and Zach Weinersmith. Zach Weinersmith is the artist and creator of the famous cartoon strip Saturday Morning Breaking Cereal! We've got a lot of great episodes coming up! Stay tuned.
When we're gone from this Earth, what will we leave behind? What will we pass down to those who come after us?Plastic. If nothing else, lots of plastic. A plastic bag might take 20 years to break down, but harder, thicker plastics, like toothbrushes, might take 500 years or more to break down.Elizabeth Bradfield is a poet and naturalist who sees first hand, in her work as a marine educator, the ravaging impacts of plastic on marine life. But she also confronts plastic and our collective addiction to it as a subject of poetry.Her poem, “Plastic: A Personal History,” is what she calls a “cranky naturalist” poem, which is pretty funny, but embedded in the humor are big questions: how has plastic become part of who we are as individuals and as a species? Now that we know the dangers and devastating effects of plastic production and disposal, how must we change our relationship to this petrochemical product? What kind of world are we making, and what alternatives do we have?Elizabeth Bradfield is the author of five collections of poetry, including, most recently, Toward Antarctica. She co-edited the newly-released anthology, Cascadia Field Guide: Art, Ecology, Poetry. Her work has appeared in The New Yorker, Atlantic Monthly, Poetry, The Sun, and Orion, and her honors include the Audre Lorde Prize and a Stegner Fellowship. She teaches creative writing at Brandeis University and is founder and editor-in-chief of Broadsided Press. She lives on Cape Cod, where she also works as a naturalist and marine educator.This episode of Chrysalis is part of the Chrysalis Poets series. You can listen on Substack, Apple Podcasts, and other podcast platforms.Please rate, review, and share to help us spread the word!Elizabeth BradfieldBorn in Tacoma, Washington, Elizabeth Bradfield is the author of five collections of poetry, most recently Toward Antarctica, which uses haibun and her photographs to query the work of guiding tourists in Antarctica, and Theorem, a collaboration with artist Antonia Contro.Bradfield is also co-editor of the anthologies Cascadia Field Guide: Art, Ecology, Poetry, and Broadsided Press: Fifteen Years of Poetic/Artistic Collaboration, 2005-2020. A professor and co-director of Creative Writing at Brandeis University, Bradfield has received a great deal of recognition through awards and fellowships. Her work has appeared in The New Yorker, Atlantic Monthly, Poetry, The Sun, Orion, and her honors include the Audre Lorde Prize and a Stegner Fellowship. Based on Cape Cod, Liz also works as a naturalist, adding an engaging and proactive component to back up the prowess of her evocative literature. She also is the founder and editor-in-chief of Broadsided Press, a journal and grass-roots initiative that, through monthly publications, aims to expose the broader community (beyond academia) to relevant literature and art.“Plastic: A Personal History”By Elizabeth BradfieldHow can I find a way to praise it? Do the early inventors & embracers churn with regret? I don't think my parents —born in the swing toward ubiquity—chew & chew & chew on plastic. But of course they do. Bits in water, food-flesh, air. And their parents? I remember Dad mocking his mother's drawer of saved rubber bands and his father-in-law's red, corroded jerry can, patched and patched, never replaced for new, for never- rusting. Cash or plastic? Plastic. Even for gum. We hate the $5 minimum. Bills paperless, automatic, almost unreal. My toys were plastic, castle and circus train and yo-yo. Did my lunches ever get wrapped in waxed paper or was it all Saran, Saran, Saran? Sarah's mom was given, in Girl Scouts, a blue sheet of plastic to cut, sew, and trim with white piping into pouches for camping. Sarah has it still, brittle but useful. Merit badge for waterproofing. For everlasting. You, too, must have heard stories, now quaint as carriages, of first plastic, pre-plastic. Eras of glass, waxed cloth, and tin. Of shared syringes. All our grocery bags, growing up, were paper. Bottom hefted on forearm, top crunched into grab. We used them to line the kitchen garbage pail. Not that long ago, maybe a decade, I made purses for my sisters out of putty-colored, red-lettered plastic Safeway bags. I'd snag a stack each time I went, then fold and sew, quilt with bright thread, line with thrift store blouses. They were sturdy and beautiful. Rainproof and light. Clever. So clever. I regret them. And the plastic toothpicks, folders, shoes that seemed so cheap, so easy, so use-again and thus less wasteful, then. What did we do before to-go lids? Things must have just spilled and spilled. Do you know what I mean? I mean, what pearl forms around a grain of plastic in an oyster? Is it as beautiful? Would you wear it? Would you buy it for your daughter so she in turn could pass it down and pass it down and pass it down?Recommended Readings & MediaTranscriptIntroJohn FiegeWhen we're gone from this Earth, what will we leave behind? What will we pass down to those who come after us?Plastic. If nothing else, lots of plastic. A plastic bag might take 20 years to break down, but harder, thicker plastics, like toothbrushes, might take 500 years or more to break down.Elizabeth Bradfield is a poet and naturalist who sees first hand, in her work as a marine educator, the ravaging impacts of plastic on marine life. But she also confronts plastic and our collective addiction to it as a subject of poetry.Her poem, “Plastic: A Personal History,” is what she calls a “cranky naturalist” poem, which is pretty funny, but embedded in the humor are big questions: how has plastic become part of who we are as individuals and as a species? Now that we know the dangers and devastating effects of plastic production and disposal, how must we change our relationship to this petrochemical product? What kind of world are we making, and what alternatives do we have?I'm John Fiege, and this episode of Chrysalis is part of the Chrysalis Poets series.Elizabeth Bradfield is the author of five collections of poetry, including, most recently, Toward Antarctica. She co-edited the newly-released anthology, Cascadia Field Guide: Art, Ecology, Poetry. Her work has appeared in The New Yorker, Atlantic Monthly, Poetry, The Sun, and Orion, and her honors include the Audre Lorde Prize and a Stegner Fellowship. She teaches creative writing at Brandeis University and is founder and editor-in-chief of Broadsided Press. She lives on Cape Cod, where she also works as a naturalist and marine educator.Here is Elizabeth Bradfield reading her poem, “Plastic: A Personal History.”---PoemElizabeth Bradfield “Plastic: A Personal History”How can I find a way to praise it? Do the early inventors & embracers churn with regret? I don't think my parents —born in the swing toward ubiquity—chew & chew & chew on plastic. But of course they do. Bits in water, food-flesh, air. And their parents? I remember Dad mocking his mother's drawer of saved rubber bands and his father-in-law's red, corroded jerry can, patched and patched, never replaced for new, for never- rusting. Cash or plastic? Plastic. Even for gum. We hate the $5 minimum. Bills paperless, automatic, almost unreal. My toys were plastic, castle and circus train and yo-yo. Did my lunches ever get wrapped in waxed paper or was it all Saran, Saran, Saran? Sarah's mom was given, in Girl Scouts, a blue sheet of plastic to cut, sew, and trim with white piping into pouches for camping. Sarah has it still, brittle but useful. Merit badge for waterproofing. For everlasting. You, too, must have heard stories, now quaint as carriages, of first plastic, pre-plastic. Eras of glass, waxed cloth, and tin. Of shared syringes. All our grocery bags, growing up, were paper. Bottom hefted on forearm, top crunched into grab. We used them to line the kitchen garbage pail. Not that long ago, maybe a decade, I made purses for my sisters out of putty-colored, red-lettered plastic Safeway bags. I'd snag a stack each time I went, then fold and sew, quilt with bright thread, line with thrift store blouses. They were sturdy and beautiful. Rainproof and light. Clever. So clever. I regret them. And the plastic toothpicks, folders, shoes that seemed so cheap, so easy, so use-again and thus less wasteful, then. What did we do before to-go lids? Things must have just spilled and spilled. Do you know what I mean? I mean, what pearl forms around a grain of plastic in an oyster? Is it as beautiful? Would you wear it? Would you buy it for your daughter so she in turn could pass it down and pass it down and pass it down?---ConversationJohn Fiege Thank you, that's so beautiful. And there's so much going on there, in this poem.Elizabeth Bradfield It's funny it started, this poem started kind of just, you know, as a bitter rant.John Fiege Well, it didn't end there.Elizabeth Bradfield No, it didn't end there.John Fiege So, tell me about that. What's the bitter rant?Elizabeth Bradfield Oh, just plastic. You know? Honestly, the poem started when my friend Sarah, you know, she's my age. I'm 50, 51. And she showed me this little bag her mom made and I started thinking, "Wow, imagine being the generation that discovered plastic, right? Wow, plastic, so handy," tupperware parties, all that stuff, right? And I mean, to be the generation that saw plastic come into use, I was just really thinking about that shift and, and that's where the poem started.John Fiege So I want to just dive into to probably my favorite moment in the poem. So I'm gonna I'm gonna reread this one stanza. You too, must have heard stories now. quaintest carriages have first plastic, pre plastic eras of glass, wax cloth and tin of shared syringes. So that line of shared syringes hit me really hard. You know, prior to this, you mentioned rubber bands and credit cards, and Yo-Yos, and saran wrap, and Girl Scout pouches, all these kind of quaint objects of the past. But shared syringes is like this bomb you drop in the poem, you know, toys, and everyday items, the toils and frivolities of childhood all of a sudden become the life threatening addictions of the teenage years and young adulthood, a plastic addiction that may seem at first to make our lives better, while it slowly kills us. Can you talk about this moment in the poem, like, you know, where did this come from? Maybe, what's going on structurally here that gives this moment in the poem so much weight?Elizabeth Bradfield Well, I think a couple of things, I was, you know, I did just want to imagine and put forth the ground truthing that we did have a world before plastic, right? What did we do? There were these things. And then I was thinking, I was thinking, all right, let's think about the advantages of plastic right of disposable syringes of, you know, the problems of disease being swapped out, the doctor comes to your house, or what you're a morphine addict, or whatever, in the Sherlock Holmes-ian kind of way with his glass syringe. But of course, you didn't throw any of that away, right? And so there is a benefit to plastic, right? There's a danger in this older world, as well as the danger in this present world, and so I wanted that pivot and that shift I didn't want this poem to be. I mean, gosh, you know, I think about what my life would have been like, as a queer woman in the era of wax cloth, and tin, it wouldn't have been so happy. So I was thinking of just the darker shadow of that nostalgia, I suppose. John Fiege Yeah, I mean, it's so interesting to start with nostalgia. And then, I mean, this is the poetry of it. It's that single turn of phrase changes the color, and the tone of everything so quickly. Elizabeth Bradfield Yeah and I really, you know, there's, I think, you know, how you write a poem. And for me, when I write a poem, it's a journey, right? It's an act of discovery. And a lot of the discovery for me in this poem was through sound, as well as through images. And for me, that rhyme of tin and syringes was a discovery, a linkage, and I think it was same as same as earlier in the poem, you know, plastic, even for gum that we hate the $5 minimum, and that gum minimum, right? These kind of resonances. They kind of they tickle me, you know what I mean? So there's like, the darkness and also the humor for me, and also the delight of sound and all of these things swirling around. John Fiege Right. Well, you know, the other thing, you know, I got cancer 10 years ago, and, and almost died. Yeah, it was horrendous, but I'm here. But, you know, I spent two years in treatment, and the number of disposable plastic objects that were discarded in front of me to care just for me, just blew my mind away. And at the same time, it saved my life, you know, and so when I get, you know, you talk about how you started this poem as a rant against plastic. And I find myself in that place frequently. But I guess I try to--I don't know, I guess I try to forgive our society, our humanity sometimes, to say, you know, people weren't trying to destroy the planet when they invented plastic. You know, they were trying to create this miraculous thing that would allow us not to cut down so many trees and, and grow so much cotton and, you know, do all these other things that felt like the limits of the natural world.Elizabeth Bradfield Oh, I'm so sorry. Not kill so many whales, right? I mean, that used a pre-plastic material. John Fiege Exactly. So, you know, I try to remind myself of that. And, you know, you could talk about syringes in kind of a life saving positive way. But you can also talk about them as shared syringes. Which, you know, immediately brings to mind of course, you know, heroin epidemic, and things like that, that have just taken so many lives. So I don't know how, when you were in the midst of the journey for this poem, what were you--how are you weighing those things of the ranch versus kind of checking yourself about nostalgia or other things?Elizabeth Bradfield I think what I love about poems is the ability to hold contradiction, you know? And I, you said, check yourself, and I do try and check myself, I try and think in poems, you know, how am I culpable in this moment? You know, I'm not removed from it. And so I wanted, I wanted those layers of complexity to be in the poem. And I think, you know, it's funny, I wrote this poem, the first draft of it, before the pandemic. I think the first draft was in 2017. And of course, during the pandemic, I've thought only more and more and more about plastic and the way that we've turned toward disposables in order to, you know, prevent contagion and contamination and spreading of disease, through our face masks, or even to-go containers. But I think what I really--what angers me about plastic in our lives, is how thoughtlessly it can enter, right? And I think I wanted a poem that used a little bit of humor, to possibly suggest that we can think twice about some of these things, right? Especially a yo-yo. There are still wooden yo-yos out there, right, there's still, there are glasses that we can use instead of plastic cups, we can--all of these things that we can do. And it's not convenient. And so we don't. And so I thought if I could just play a little and be a little funny, and a little snarky, but also kind of acknowledge these darknesses, that might be a way to just shine a little light.John Fiege Yeah, definitely. Yeah, and what I was saying before about, you know, being understanding of, you know, how we didn't really know how bad plastic was when it was invented. But the other side of that coin is--Elizabeth Bradfield But now we do.John Fiege And we're still not doing anything about it. Right? And that's where the, like, the real culpability starts to come of like, you know, what are you doing about it?Elizabeth Bradfield Yeah. Are you going to buy another fleece, is that recycled wood porch really a good thing? You know, the recycled wood?John Fiege Yeah, well, it's got that word recycled in it. Elizabeth Bradfield Oh, absolutely everything is recycled.John Fiege Well, let me let me reread another stanza. So this is in the middle. Not that long ago, maybe a decade, I made purses for my sisters out of putty colored red lettered plastic Safeway bags, I had snag a stack each time I went. Then fold and sew quilt with bright thread line with thrift store blouses. They were sturdy and beautiful. rain proof and light, clever, so clever. I regret them. So there again, that last line is so cutting, "I regret them." You set us up to see your kind of crafty upcycled purses, as, you know, practical, durable, ecologically responsible. But then you regret them. So I have questions about that. So I see the complicated relationship we have to plastic in this in this section of the poem: It's incredibly durable and malleable and useful, and in some ways, it can allow us to reduce our use of other resources. But there's this dark underside, again, like we were talking about before, to this durability and persistence in the environment, specifically. So maybe you regret stealing a bunch of Safeway bags so you weren't actually upcycling but I was hoping you could just talk a little bit about you know, what do you regret?Elizabeth Bradfield Yeah, I mean, I think to what you were speaking about before when you read that other stanza, too, in terms of form, for folks who haven't seen this poem, there's a there's a dropped line here, right? "Clever, so clever." And then a little bit of space and the next line, "I regret them," drops down, a continuation, but a break. And I wanted that break, you know, that pause and I wanted to allow the poem to be caught up in that kind of delight and joy of making, you know, I was totally broke, I wanted to make something pretty for my sisters. I felt like I was, yeah, upcycling, I suppose, I'm not sure the word existed then, it probably did. But yeah, make something new, free from what was at hand, and I love doing things like that. And I was kind of, you know, a little, a little in love with myself for coming up with this awesome plan. And pulling one over on Safeway.John Fiege Free bags, I'll take some!Elizabeth Bradfield And they were really cute little purses. I'm not a purse kind of person. I wonder if they still have them? I have no idea. But of course, now looking back, I'm like, "Oh my God. That's what I regret," that I would even think of this as a gift to give to, to spend all that time with that plastic, making this thing for my sisters, who I love. What an idiot, you know. And I was just, I was so blind to that at the moment. I was just in love with the making. And, you know, 10 years ago, we knew plastic was bad. But it just it wasn't, I don't know, the alarm bells were not as heightened. I was living at the time in Alaska. And we hardly had recycling. Paper recycling, no. Plastic recycling, no, you know, so even to that extra use adds another another layer, right? But yeah, I was living in a place where even, ostensibly, there was no recycling happening.John Fiege So, you know, you can pay a lot of money right now to buy a fleece that's made from recycled plastic bags. And that is marketed as better than creating new plastic. I can't do the math about you know what the waste is in one direction or the other. But it seems on the surface like "Yeah, that's better. If you're going to have a fleece jacket, that's better." Elizabeth Bradfield Oh, no. John Fiege Not at all. You don't even think the recycled fleece is better?Elizabeth Bradfield No, because, okay, wear wool. But also, those fleeces, when you wash them, the microfibers come out, and they go out through your gray water. And they go through if you, you know, if you're on a septic system, they just go right in, if you're on a sewer system, even they escape out, and they go out into the ocean. So I mean, I work on these, I work as a Marine educator and I work you know, help out with some field work with some whales and I work on the local WhaleWatch boats here as a naturalist and I always tell people like, one thing you can do to help save whales is do less laundry, all the stuff that we wash, it all goes out. And so, no, the recycled bottle into a fleece is, I believe, not good.John Fiege Okay, so the better thing is to take that plastic and contain it and never let it release into a water source again.Elizabeth Bradfield I think so.John Fiege And find completely different alternative natural fibers to use.Elizabeth Bradfield Yeah, and I mean, we don't need we don't need plastic bottles. We don't need plastic trash liners. I still use a paper liner in my kitchen. You know what I mean? I I don't use shampoo, I use bar soap. I mean, now we're getting to this, like, what do you reduce your plastic footprint? Because there's plenty of plastic in my life. I mean, right here I am on a computer. My headphones that are plastic are plugged into my ears. You know, I'm not a purist in that way. But I do try and think, is there an alternative?John Fiege Well, it's interesting too, because you know, things like upcycling, that's such a hip thing right now. And if you if you look at a lot of the eco fashion kind of world, that kind of all the rage. It's not just about the source of the of the materials, it's about the end destination of the materials. Elizabeth Bradfield Yeah. John Fiege Let's jump to the last stanza. Elizabeth Bradfield Sure. John Fiege Do you know what I mean? I mean, what pearl forms around a grain of plastic and an oyster. Is it as beautiful, would you wear it? Would you buy it for your daughter? So she in turn could pass it down and pass it down and pass it down. So you end the poem by expanding these questions of our relationship to plastic to questions of time and value and beauty. And finally, you end with the question of what, you know, specifically with a question of: what would you pass down to your daughter? And thinking on that generational level, we pass down fair family heirlooms, or wealth or knowledge or traditions. But we can also pass down ecological devastation, social pathologies, inequalities, a planet polluted by so much plastic junk, and maybe junk disguised as a pearl, that appears to hold meaning, importance, value and beauty. But really, it's rotten or toxic or plastic at its core. So what's going on here at the end, for you?Elizabeth Bradfield I mean, I think for me, that ending is very ironic, because we are passing this down, right? We are passing this down to the generations that follow us. And would that pearl be as beautiful? Probably, if you didn't know what was inside of it. How, you know, how important is it for us to drill down and really examine what we're holding? And what's inside of it? And to really question what's at the heart of what we're carrying? To me, that's a really, really important question.John Fiege Right. Right. So how does this poem fit into the broader context of your work and your life? And in you know, are there any other, kind of, stories around this poem, specifically, that you think are interesting? Elizabeth Bradfield Well, I kind of consider this poem as a sub-genre of nature poetry, which I call the cranky naturalist poem that I find myself writing quite a bit of, I think there's a lot of poems in, especially my book, once removed, that fall into the cranky naturalist genre. And I mean, I think I write them because I do get cranky. But also, I think they're a little bit funny. And things are so bad that I have to laugh. You know what I mean? I have to laugh, I hope someone else has to laugh too. Because if we're not laughing, then we're turning away. You know, and laughter is a way of engaging, it's a way of being. So I like putting on that posture of the cranky naturalist. And yeah, I do, I work as a naturalist. I work mostly with marine mammals with marine ecology. And so I divide my life between books and boats, basically. And both of those things really feed me and I think a lot about the world that a seal or a whale is swimming through. And the urban ocean, that most of us know, most of us who live on the coasts, whether you're on the East Coast, I live on Cape Cod, or the West Coast, or, you know, the UK, South Africa, Australia, wherever. All of these coasts are very urban coasts. And we, the ocean has been thought of for so long as something that's, you know, "too big to fail." But we're seeing some failures. And it's really concerning to me. So I think a lot about the ocean, which I love so much, you know, that I find inspiration and solace in and has a very complicated human history. Also a really complicated ecological history that we hardly even understand. You know, I mean, we don't even know how long really, humpback whales live. There are so many mysteries out there, and, and we're changing the ocean pretty rapidly. So a lot of my time and thought goes into thinking about ocean ecology, marine ecology.John Fiege And in reality, the oceans are too big to ignore, which is exactly what we do. You know? Yeah. Human history is a history of dumping our waste into a water source, whether that's a river or an ocean, or some other place where it seems to our to our eyes to disappear.Elizabeth Bradfield Yeah. And in all honesty, we're all downstream. Right? Exactly. I mean, some people more immediately than others.John Fiege There's no, there's no stream on a sphere.Elizabeth Bradfield That's right. Yeah. So yeah, so In terms of my writing, I read a lot about, there's a little ocean in here, not a ton. But I read a lot about the fulcrum between our social selves and our animal selves, you know, or the other more than human beings that are out there in the world. And I find that a really interesting, sometimes funny, sometimes heartbreaking, sometimes inspiring, and complicated set of dynamics.John Fiege And you know, if you're going to start a podcast, eventually you're going to have to call it "The Cranky Naturalist."Elizabeth Bradfield My friend Melissa and I, she's a naturalist also. But we had a joke that we should start a podcast called "Wait, wait, don't touch that." All the things that you shouldn't be doing that the naturalist would like, you know, tisk tisk you for doing. Um, number one would be those those recycled fleece sweatshirts.John Fiege Wow, I don't buy those recycled fleece sweatshirts, but I've at least given them the benefit of the doubt that it's better than the alternative. But you, you're right, you're totally right. So, right now, there's so much activism going on around our use of plastic and the ridiculous ubiquity of plastic pollution, single use plastic wasteful packaging, microplastics in the bodies of fish and every other living thing in the ocean. How do you see poetry or other forms of art, in relationship to the activist project of understanding and bringing attention to huge problems like plastic pollution,Elizabeth Bradfield I think what I love about poetry, in addition to so many other things, is that it's really a form that asks us to occupy both the mind and the heart, right, the intellect and the emotion. And that's what we need to do to move forward and make any kind of progress. Thinking isn't enough, we also have to feel, and to help people connect and care. And so I think, if we can write things that keep these conversations alive, and stop us from just numbing over to the things we know, like we know plastic is bad. But if there's--I was at this show the other day, at the Center for Coastal Studies, which is a research and education nonprofit, on Cape Cod and Provincetown. And there was an art show that had a lot of marine debris-inspired of work in it. And one of the one of the images that was so striking to me, I can't remember the name of the artist, but it was a photographer, and she had collected, you know, tennis balls on the beach, which you find so many of and she set them up in this grid and photographed them in this sterile, pristine way. And they were so beautiful, and so strange and made me look at them differently and think about them differently. And I think that is what I think art and poetry can do to just wake us up and make us consider, slow down a little bit of time, hold a little bit of space, and allow us to feel and not just be numbed out by all this information. John Fiege Right. Yeah, and, you know, ice core data, and, and, you know, carbon dioxide level changes over the last couple of decades, you know, that stuff's really important, but it doesn't, it doesn't make you feel in a direct way. I mean, maybe it has an indirect way of making you feel if you have enough background knowledge about what it means and you can translate it in your own head. But also, I think, besides the feeling is, kind of, a there's a pragmatic side to art, too. You know, you have a poetry reading, and you invite people and they come and it's fun. And you get to hang out with people, you know, you're not gonna, you're not gonna read your ice core data to people in a room unless you're at a scientific conference, at a glaciology conference, you know? So it, I mean, for me, also just in this on this very pragmatic level, and just allows us to keep the conversation going, in forms that people are more comfortable with, more excited about, are kind of a positive, beautiful, kind of beneficial side of their experience, rather than something that seems dull and grueling and opaque.Elizabeth Bradfield No, absolutely. I think the energy of a rant or a cranky naturalist poem, for me can be a lot of fun and can be a way to vent frustration and rage that that is really necessary, and then hopefully move on, pick up and move on. Right, I think we look for art not just to help us explore the more difficult realities of our world, but also find energy, solace, inspiration to move on, you know, maybe do something a little bit differently to, to not just sink into despair.John Fiege Yeah. Yeah.Elizabeth Bradfield I think that's really important to me, that poems are part of our greater public discourse. And I think, you know, what you're doing with your podcast is doing that, our conversation is about that also. And, you know, it's not it's not an elite, isolated form, right? Poems want to connect. And they can, and, I welcome every little moment where I see that happening in the world. John Fiege Awesome. Yeah, I, I have Irish heritage, although I've never been to Ireland. Although I've never been to Ireland, and I'm completely disconnected from the culture and place in a direct way. But, you know, I've heard that, to this day poets are, like, huge celebrities in Ireland, like, every town has their, like, you know, poet laureate, essentially. And it's such a big deal culturally. And then I think about America and how all of our superstars are, you know, from Hollywood or, you know, or like sports or, you know, business moguls. And sometimes ask myself, how would our society be different if the poets were the superstars here?Elizabeth Bradfield I don't know. I think in some circles they are, you know, I was lucky enough to be able to study with the poet Eavan Boland, who's Irish, when I was at Stanford, and I'll never forget her telling us a story of Aer Lingus that the airline for Ireland. They were redesigning their interior cabin and they, I don't know, this kind of cracks me up. But they took one of her poems and wove it into the seat embroidery. And so I just think about all of those people sitting on Eavan Boland's words. And it's kind of gross, and kind of, like, farting into it and all the things that you do on an airplane. But it's also kind of amazing and wonderful that they would want poetry as part of this journey into the sky, too, you know? So yeah, so I wonder the same thing.John Fiege Great. Well, can can you end by reading the poem once again?Elizabeth Bradfield I'd be happy to. ---PoemElizabeth Bradfield “Plastic: A Personal History”How can I find a way to praise it? Do the early inventors & embracers churn with regret? I don't think my parents —born in the swing toward ubiquity—chew & chew & chew on plastic. But of course they do. Bits in water, food-flesh, air. And their parents? I remember Dad mocking his mother's drawer of saved rubber bands and his father-in-law's red, corroded jerry can, patched and patched, never replaced for new, for never- rusting. Cash or plastic? Plastic. Even for gum. We hate the $5 minimum. Bills paperless, automatic, almost unreal. My toys were plastic, castle and circus train and yo-yo. Did my lunches ever get wrapped in waxed paper or was it all Saran, Saran, Saran? Sarah's mom was given, in Girl Scouts, a blue sheet of plastic to cut, sew, and trim with white piping into pouches for camping. Sarah has it still, brittle but useful. Merit badge for waterproofing. For everlasting. You, too, must have heard stories, now quaint as carriages, of first plastic, pre-plastic. Eras of glass, waxed cloth, and tin. Of shared syringes. All our grocery bags, growing up, were paper. Bottom hefted on forearm, top crunched into grab. We used them to line the kitchen garbage pail. Not that long ago, maybe a decade, I made purses for my sisters out of putty-colored, red-lettered plastic Safeway bags. I'd snag a stack each time I went, then fold and sew, quilt with bright thread, line with thrift store blouses. They were sturdy and beautiful. Rainproof and light. Clever. So clever. I regret them. And the plastic toothpicks, folders, shoes that seemed so cheap, so easy, so use-again and thus less wasteful, then. What did we do before to-go lids? Things must have just spilled and spilled. Do you know what I mean? I mean, what pearl forms around a grain of plastic in an oyster? Is it as beautiful? Would you wear it? Would you buy it for your daughter so she in turn could pass it down and pass it down and pass it down?---ConversationJohn Fiege Beautiful. Liz, thank you so much for joining me today. It's been great.Elizabeth Bradfield Thank you for having me. I really, really appreciated this conversation and really enjoyed it, John.---OutroJohn Fiege Thank you so much to Elizabeth Bradfield. Go to our website at ChrysalisPodcast.org, where you can read her poem “Plastic: A Personal History,” see some photographs of her at work as a naturalist and marine educator, and find our book and media recommendations.This episode was researched and edited by Brodie Mutschler, with additional editing by Sofia Chang. Music is by Daniel Rodriguez Vivas. Mixing is by Morgan Honaker.If you enjoyed my conversation with Elizabeth, please rate and review us on your favorite podcast platform. Contact me anytime at ChrysalisPodcast.org, where you can also support the project, subscribe to our newsletter, and join the conversation. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.chrysalispodcast.org
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Lily Allen and Miquita Oliver ask if schools should teach us about pensions and mortgages. Lily tells us about her eye-opening trip to the theatre to see 'Black Boys'. Are Dua Lipa and Callum Turner the new Posh & Becks? And does anyone remember how Pythagoras' Theorem works??'Miss Me?' is a Persephonica production for BBC Sounds.
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Breaking Math WebsiteBreaking Math Email: BreakingMathPodcast@gmail.comEmail us for copies of the transcript! Resources on the LEAN theorem prover and programming language can be found at the bottom of the show notes (scroll to the bottom). SummaryThis episode is inspired by a correspondence the Breaking Math Podcast had with the editors of Digital Discovery, a journal by the Royal Society of Chemistry. In this episode the hosts review a paper about how the Lean Interactive Theorem Prover, which is usually used as a tool in creating mathemtics proofs, can be used to create rigorous and robust models in physics and chemistry. The paper is titled Formalizing chemical physics using the Lean Theorem prover and can be found in Digital Discovery, a journal with the Royal Society of Chemistry. Also - we have a brand new member of the Brekaing Math Team! This episode is the debut episode for Autumn, CEO of Cosmo Labs, occasional co-host / host of the Breaking Math Podcast, and overall contributor who has been working behind the scenes on the podcast on branding and content for the last several months. Welcome Autumn! Autumn and Gabe discuss how the paper explores the use of interactive theorem provers to ensure the accuracy of scientific theories and make them machine-readable. The episode discusses the limitations and potential of interactive theorem provers and highlights the themes of precision and formal verification in scientific knowledge. This episode also provide resources (listed below) for listeners intersted in learning more about working with the LEAN interactive theorem prover. TakeawaysInteractive theorem provers can revolutionize the way scientific theories are formulated and verified, ensuring mathematical certainty and minimizing errors.Interactive theorem provers require a high level of mathematical knowledge and may not be accessible to all scientists and engineers.Formal verification using interactive theorem provers can eliminate human error and hidden assumptions, leading to more confident and reliable scientific findings.Interactive theorem provers promote clear communication and collaboration across disciplines by forcing explicit definitions and minimizing ambiguities in scientific language. Lean Theorem Provers enable scientists to construct modular and reusable proofs, accelerating the pace of knowledge acquisition.Formal verification presents challenges in terms of transforming informal proofs into a formal language and bridging the reality gap.Integration of theorem provers and machine learning has the potential to enhance creativity, verification, and usefulness of machine learning models.The limitations and variables in formal verification require rigorous validation against experimental data to ensure real-world accuracy.Lean Theorem Provers have the potential to provide unwavering trust, accelerate innovation, and increase accessibility in scientific research.AI as a scientific partner can automate the formalization of informal theories and suggest new conjectures, revolutionizing scientific exploration.The impact of Lean Theorem Provers on humanity includes a shift in scientific validity, rapid scientific breakthroughs, and democratization of science.Continuous expansion of mathematical libraries in Lean Theorem Provers contributes to the codification of human knowledge.Resources are available for learning Lean Theorem Proving, including textbooks, articles, videos, and summer programs.Resrouces / Links: Email Professor Tyler Josephson about summer REU undergraduate opportunities at the University of Maryland Baltimore (or online!) at tjo@umbc.edu. See below Professor Tyler Josephson's links on learnnig more about LEANThe Natural Number Game: Start in a world without math, unlock tactics and collect theorems until you can beat a 'boss' level and prove that 2+2=4, and go further. Free LEAN Texbook and CourseProfessor Josephson's most-recommended resource for beginners learning Lean - a free online course and textbook from Prof. Heather Macbeth at Fordham University. Quanta Magazine articles on LeanProf. Kevin Buzzard of Imperial College London's lecture on LEAN interactive theorem prover and the future of mathematics. Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/breaking-math-podcast--5545277/support.
Episode 3: Extropic is building a new kind of computer – not classical bits, nor quantum qubits, but a secret, more complex third thing. They call it a Thermodynamic Computer, and it might be many orders of magnitude more powerful than even the most powerful supercomputers today. Check out their “litepaper” to learn more: https://www.extropic.ai/future.======(00:00) - Intro(00:41) - Guillaume's Background(02:40) - Trevor's Background(04:02) - What is Extropic Building? High-Level Explanation(07:07) - Frustrations with Quantum Computing and Noise(10:08) - Scaling Digital Computers and Thermal Noise Challenges(13:20) - How Digital Computers Run Sampling Algorithms Inefficiently(17:27) - Limitations of Gaussian Distributions in ML(20:12) - Why GPUs are Good at Deep Learning but Not Sampling(23:05) - Extropic's Approach: Harnessing Noise with Thermodynamic Computers(28:37) - Bounding the Noise: Not Too Noisy, Not Too Pristine(31:10) - How Thermodynamic Computers Work: Inputs, Parameters, Outputs(37:14) - No Quantum Coherence in Thermodynamic Computers(41:37) - Gaining Confidence in the Idea Over Time(44:49) - Using Superconductors and Scaling to Silicon(47:53) - Thermodynamic Computing vs Neuromorphic Computing(50:51) - Disrupting Computing and AI from First Principles(52:52) - Early Applications in Low Data, Probabilistic Domains(54:49) - Vast Potential for New Devices and Algorithms in AI's Early Days(57:22) - Building the Next S-Curve to Extend Moore's Law for AI(59:34) - The Meaning and Purpose Behind Extropic's Mission(01:04:54) - Call for Talented Builders to Join Extropic(01:09:34) - Putting Ideas Out There and Creating Value for the Universe(01:11:35) - Conclusion and Wrap-Up======Links:Christian Keil – https://twitter.com/pronounced_kyleGuillaume Verd - https://twitter.com/GillVerdBeff Jezos - https://twitter.com/BasedBeffJezosTrevor McCourt - https://twitter.com/trevormccrt1First Principles:Gaussian Distribution: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_distributionEnergy-Based Models: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy-based_modelShannon's Theorem: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noisy-channel_coding_theorem======Production and marketing by The Deep View (https://thedeepview.co). For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email team@firstprinciples.fm======Checkout the video version here → http://tinyurl.com/4fh497n9
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