Podcasts about Historical dictionary

Quelle est la différence entre le ninja et le samouraï ? En fait, y'en a beaucoup, j'ai même envie de vous dire que c'est pas pantoute la même affaire, mais ça vaut la peine de s'arrêter un peu, parce qu'ils sont l'un et l'autre le produit d'une époque trouble qui explique leur émergence respective. Pour voir ces deux figures historiques en action, je vous recommande vivement de découvrir le nouveau jeu Assassin's Creed: Shadows d'Ubisoft. Se déroulant dans le Japon du XVIe siècle, le jeu suit Naoe, une ninja (shinobi) déterminée, et Yasuke, un puissant samouraï inspiré d'un personnage historique réel. Vous plongerez dans leurs histoires personnelles, rencontrerez des figures historiques importantes et influencerez leur destin commun alors que le Japon traverse une période de guerre et de bouleversements. Pour en savoir plus sur le jeu, découvrez la bande-annonce ici: https://youtu.be/SHaN4MIGqpo?si=3USeSwKjIehDWIjO Script: @lehérautdelHistoire et Laurent Turcot Merci à UBISOFT pour les images D'ASSASIN'S CREED SHADOWS Note: il faut dire wakizashi et non wakizabushi, merci aux fidèles abonnés de l'avoir mentionné, @SidVonGunderik et @lucakacoucou Adhérez à cette chaîne pour obtenir des avantages : https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCN4TCCaX-gqBNkrUqXdgGRA/join Pour soutenir la chaîne, au choix: 1. Cliquez sur le bouton « Adhérer » sous la vidéo. 2. Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/hndl Musique issue du site : epidemicsound.com Images provenant de https://www.storyblocks.com Abonnez-vous à la chaine: https://www.youtube.com/c/LHistoirenousledira Les vidéos sont utilisées à des fins éducatives selon l'article 107 du Copyright Act de 1976 sur le Fair-Use. Sources et pour aller plus loin: Ninja, Marc Cartwright, Wold History Encyclopedia, juin 2019 https://www.worldhistory.org/trans/fr/1-18300/ninja/ Beasley, W.G. The Japanese Experience A Short History of Japan. University of California, 1999. Deal, W.E. Handbook to Life in Medieval and Early Modern Japan. Oxford University Press, 2007. Henshall, K. Historical Dictionary of Japan to 1945. Scarecrow Press, 2013. Mason, R.H.P. A History of Japan. Tuttle Publishing, 1997. Turnbull, S. Ninja AD 1460-1650. Osprey Publishing, 2003.Hiraku KANEKO, L'histoire d'Oda Nobunaga (au-delà du Shinchō kōki), éditions Benseï, 2009 Julien PELTIER, Une autre histoire des samouraïs - Le guerrier japonais entre ombre et lumière, Perrin, 2023 Les ninjas, des guerres médiévales japonaises à la culture populaire, Samedi 12 octobre 2024 https://ici.radio-canada.ca/ohdio/premiere/emissions/aujourd-hui-l-histoire/segments/rattrapage/1873655/aujourd-hui-histoire-ninjas-avec-valerie-harvey Les samouraïs, ces légendaires guerriers japonais, Samedi 25 janvier 202 https://ici.radio-canada.ca/ohdio/premiere/emissions/aujourd-hui-l- histoire/segments/rattrapage/1971361/aujourd-hui-histoire-samourais-guerriers-japonais-legendaires#:~:text=À%20son%20apparition%2C%20au%2010,servait%20les%20seigneurs%2C%20les%20daïmios. Images ASSASSIN'S CREED SHADOW, UBISOFT, sortie le 20 mars 2025 https://www.google.ca/aclk?sa=L&ai=DChcSEwiulN7y1ZOMAxW9Sf8BHWv4FwIYABABGgJtZA&co=1&gclid=Cj0KCQjws-S-BhD2ARIsALssG0agOCYOugF5XYmy09qxrM3pXPj7fav9Y_-spCyddYwSZvDQr547xucaAiuAEALw_wcB&cce=1&sig=AOD64_2wRjuarp4QMxyv1QIa7Ak-qWNENg&q&adurl&ved=2ahUKEwj2jNny1ZOMAxU9C3kGHUPtDkAQ0Qx6BAgQEAE Autres références disponibles sur demande. #histoire #documentaire #ninja #samurai #samourai #assasinscreed #shadow #ubisoft #samouraï

Watch the full conversation with Asad AbuKhalil here on Syria, meeting Nasralla and more: https://www.patreon.com/posts/omali-yeshitela-117262666 Lebanese-American Political science professor Asad AbuKhalil talks about Israel's U.S.-backed genocidal war on the people of Palestine, Lebanon and Syria. He also shares memories of interviewing the slain Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah. AbuKhalil also reflects on the elections and the difference (or lack thereof) between Joe Biden and Donald Trump when it comes to foreign policy. But first Omali Yeshitela, the founder of the African People's Socialist Party (APSP) and Uhuru Movement discusses why he and two other members of Uhuru have been convicted of conspiring to act as unregistered Russian agents, in an outrageous miscarriage of justice and a McCarthyite attack on free speech. Given that Joe Biden has pardoned his own son, something he promised not to do, he might as well pardon people who actually deserve it, like Leonard Peltier, Mumia Abu Jamal, Julian Assange, and the Uhuru Movement members, including Omali Yeshitela. He should of course also pardon anyone serving jail for the crimes committed by Hunter. Born in Tyre, Lebanon, Asad AbuKhalil received his BA and MA in political science from the American University of Beirut, and his PhD in comparative politics from Georgetown University. He is the author of Historical Dictionary of Lebanon, Bin Laden, and The Battle for Saudi Arabia, among other titles, and his articles on Middle Eastern politics and culture have appeared in publications throughout the world. AbuKhalil lives in California, where he is a professor of political science at California State University, Stanislaus. Omali Yeshitela is the founder of the African People's Socialist Party (APSP) and Uhuru Movement. In 1968 Chairman Yeshitela founded The Burning Spear newspaper which is still published today. He has authored numerous articles, pamphlets and books. Chairman Omali made “reparations a household word” with the International Tribunal on Reparations for African People which was held in Brooklyn, New York in 1982, finding that African people are owed 4.1 trillion dollars for stolen labor in the U.S. alone. The Chairman founded the International People's Democratic Uhuru Movement in 1991 as a revolutionary mass organization to defend the democratic rights of the African working class. Today, Chairman Omali Yeshitela, as the leader of the African Socialist International, speaks to his growing base around the world and leads the worldwide movement for the liberation of Africa and African people everywhere. Help Support Omail here: www.handsoffuhuru.org **Please support The Katie Halper Show ** For bonus content, exclusive interviews, to support independent media & to help make this program possible, please join us on Patreon - https://patreon.com/thekatiehalpershow Get your Katie Halper Show Merch here! https://katiehalper.myspreadshop.com/all Follow Katie on Twitter: @kthalps

Jeffery D. Long is a professor of religion, philosophy, and Asian studies at Elizabethtown College in Pennsylvania, where he has taught since receiving his Ph.D from the University of Chicago Divinity School in 2000. Both a practitioner and a scholar of Hinduism, his work focuses primarily on the religions and philosophies of India and themes such as nonviolence, pluralism, religion and popular culture, and the concept of rebirth. He has spoken three times at the United Nations and appears in documentaries for PBS and the History Channel. He is also the author, editor, or co-editor of twelve books, including A Vision for Hinduism: Beyond Hindu Nationalism; The Historical Dictionary of Hinduism; and the award-winning Hinduism in America: A Convergence of Worlds. His latest book is Discovering Indian Philosophy: An Introduction to Hindu, Jain, and Buddhist Thought.  Find Jeffrey Long on Facebook Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Author. poet, intellectual, Omar Imady is an uncommon collection of many things – poet, historian, novelist, Syrian, American, exile, Sufi, ‘Alan Wattsian', cat lover, avid coffee drinker, insatiable gastronome – all of which find expression in his growing repertoire of eclectic fiction. He is the author of multiple books, including The Gospel of Damascus, a 2012 Book of the Year Award finalist, and When Her Hand Moves, a collection of three controversial, thought-provoking novellas. His forthcoming novels dig ever deeper into the human experience of alienation and the quest for meaning in a world increasingly hostile to answers.  His recent book, Divine Pronouns, grows out of a 40 year personal journal to reconcile his love for the Moslem faith, the Islamic sacred book, the Quran, and his and other Moslems struggle with some of the Quran's verses.  The cover notes describe the work thusly:Despite centuries of scholarly contributions on the Quran,  unprecedented numbers of Muslims find the Quran to be unrelatable in both its wording and in how it has been explained. Existing approaches to interpretation offer little to fall upon when they encounter a verse which appears to go against their deeply held ethical sensibilities, often leaving them with little choice other than to suffer in silence, leave in protest, or master the art of spiritual disassociation."In response to these challenges, this work attempts to arrive at new approach to reading and understanding the Quran. It presents a hermeneutical framework, derived from the wording of the Quran itself, through which verses are categorised according to the presence and absence of pronouns used to refer to God and to specific audiences. In this work, first in its series, this new framework is used to identify verses containing principles which can be described as definitive; timeless, universal, and applicable regardless of context."A prolific writer, Imady is the author of Erasures (2024), winner of the Literary Titan Gold Award, Catfishing Caitlyn (2023) and The Celest Experiment (2022), both recipients of the Literary Titan Silver Award, Transference (2022), a Pushcart Prize nominee (Litro Magazine), When Her Hand Moves (2022), a collection of three novellas, and The Gospel of Damascus, a Book of the Year Award (BOTYA) finalist (2012), published in three English editions, and subsequently translated into Arabic, French and Spanish. The novel weaves Jewish, Christian, and Muslim traditions to tell the story of a Damascene man who becomes totally consumed with the idea that Damascus is the site of the Second Coming of Jesus.Imady is also the author, and coauthor, of several works on Syria and Sufism, including: An Inside Story of Modern Syria: The Unauthorized Biography of a Damascene Reformer (2023), Historical Dictionary of Syria Fourth Edition (2021), Syria at War, Eight Years On (2020), Sufism and the Preservation of Syrian Spiritual Identity (2020), The Weaponization of Syria's Reconstruction (2019), The Syrian Uprising Domestic Origins and Early Trajectory (2018), Syria's Reconciliation Agreements (2017), Organisationally Secular: Damascene Islamist Movements and the Syrian Uprising (2016), Syria at War, Five Years On (2016),  Civil Resistance in the Syrian Uprising: From Democratic Transition to Sectarian Civil War (2016), How a microfinance network could have preempted the Syrian uprising (2014), When You're Shoved from the Right, Look to Your Left: Metaphors of Islamic Humanism (2005),  The Rise and Fall of Muslim Civil Society (2005), and Sanduq: A Microfinance Innovation in Jabal Al-Hoss, Syria (2003).

Bright on Buddhism - Asian Religions Series - Shintō Part 2 Hello and welcome to the Asian religions series. In this series, we will be discussing religious traditions in Asia other than Buddhism. Buddhism never existed in a vacuum, and as it has spread all across East Asia, it has developed, localized, and syncretized with local traditions in fascinating and significant ways. As such, we cannot provide a complete picture of East Asian without discussing those local traditions such as they were and are. Disclaimer: this series is very basic and introductory, and does not and cannot paint a complete picture of these religious traditions as they are in the present or throughout history. Today, we will be discussing Shintō, a very historically and culturally significant religious tradition in Japan. We hope you enjoy Resources: Azegami, Naoki (2012). Translated by Mark Teeuwen. "Local Shrines and the Creation of 'State Shinto'". Religion. 42 (1): 63–85. doi:10.1080/0048721X.2012.641806. S2CID 219597745.; Bocking, Brian (1997). A Popular Dictionary of Shinto (revised ed.). Richmond: Curzon. ISBN 978-0-7007-1051-5.; Boyd, James W.; Williams, Ron G. (2005). "Japanese Shinto: An Interpretation of a Priestly Perspective". Philosophy East and West. 55 (1): 33–63. doi:10.1353/pew.2004.0039. S2CID 144550475.; Breen, John; Teeuwen, Mark (2010). A New History of Shinto. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-1-4051-5515-1.; Cali, Joseph; Dougill, John (2013). Shinto Shrines: A Guide to the Sacred Sites of Japan's Ancient Religion. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-3713-6.; Earhart, H. Byron (2004). Japanese Religion: Unity and Diversity (fourth ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. ISBN 978-0-534-17694-5.; Hardacre, Helen (2017). Shinto: A History. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-062171-1.; Kenney, Elizabeth (2000). "Shinto Funerals in the Edo Period". Japanese Journal of Religious Studies. 27 (3/4): 239–271. JSTOR 30233666.; Kitagawa, Joseph M. (1987). On Understanding Japanese Religion. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-10229-0. ;Kuroda, Toshio (1981). Translated by James C. Dobbins and Suzanne Gay. "Shinto in the History of Japanese Religion". Journal of Japanese Studies. 7 (1): 1–21. doi:10.2307/132163. JSTOR 132163; Inoue, Nobutaka (2003). "Introduction: What is Shinto?". In Nobutaka Inoue (ed.). Shinto: A Short History. Translated by Mark Teeuwan and John Breen. London and New York: Routledge. pp. 1–10. ISBN 978-0-415-31913-3. Littleton, C. Scott (2002). Shinto: Origins, Rituals, Festivals, Spirits, Sacred Places. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-521886-2. OCLC 49664424.; Offner, Clark B. (1979). "Shinto". In Norman Anderson (ed.). The World's Religions (fourth ed.). Leicester: Inter-Varsity Press. pp. 191–218.; Picken, Stuart D. B. (1994). Essentials of Shinto: An Analytical Guide to Principal Teachings. Westport and London: Greenwood. ISBN 978-0-313-26431-3.; Picken, Stuart D. B. (2011). Historical Dictionary of Shinto (second ed.). Lanham: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7172-4.; Williams, George; Bhar, Ann Marie B.; Marty, Martin E. (2004). Shinto (Religions of the World). Chelsea House. ISBN 978-0-7910-8097-9. Do you have a question about Buddhism that you'd like us to discuss? Let us know by tweeting to us @BrightBuddhism, emailing us at Bright.On.Buddhism@gmail.com, or joining us on our discord server, Hidden Sangha ⁠⁠https://discord.gg/tEwcVpu⁠⁠! Credits: Nick Bright: Script, Cover Art, Music, Voice of Hearer, Co-Host Proven Paradox: Editing, mixing and mastering, social media, Voice of Hermit, Co-Host

Referencias: - Qué era el diezmo para los judíos en el tiempo del templo: Norman Solomon, Historical Dictionary of Judaism, p. 459: https://annas-archive.org/md5/883df683258a0dd39c16168cd830ef2f  - Diezmo en el manual de Lorenzo Snow: https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/manual/teachings-of-presidents-of-the-church-lorenzo-snow/chapter-12-tithing-a-law-for-our-protection-and-advancement?lang=spa - Definición de diezmo en el sitio de la Iglesia: https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/manual/gospel-topics/tithing?lang=spa#

Heute reden wir über Christian Identity, was diese rassistische Theologie aus den USA ausmacht und was das alles mit dem British Empire, den verlorenen Stämmen Israels und dem Ku-Klux-Klan zu tun.---Dir gefällt der Podcast? Dann kannst du uns gerne auf Patreon unterstützen: https://www.patreon.com/allezeitderweltWir würden uns ebenfalls riesig darüber freuen, wenn du uns eine Bewertung hinterlässt und uns auf YouTube (https://www.youtube.com/@allezeitderwelt) folgst! Danke für deine Unterstützung!---#neuereundneuestegeschichte #zeitgeschichte #england #USA #christianidentity #israeliten #verlorenestämme #kkkQuellen & Literatur:Quellen:https://swift.christogenea.org/wesley-swift-pdf-libraryhttps://archive.org/details/CPM_DSCI_Archives_Swift/A_Master_Plan_Against_Your_Race.mp3https://archive.org/details/politicsofrighte0000ahoj/page/86/mode/2up Literatur:Chester L. Quarles, Christian Identity: The Aryan American Bloodline Religion, 2014.Joseph Baker, 'Christian Identity and Religions of America', Religions of America, Cengage Learning (EMEA) Ltd, 2019. https://www.gale.com/intl/essays/joseph-baker-brianna-mcmillan-christian-identity-religions-of-americaWilliam H. Brackney, Historical Dictionary of Radical Christianity, https://books.google.de/books?id=YhUvxfkWW2oC&pg=PA61&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_IsraelismVideos:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=om39-y3ML28

Bright on Buddhism - Asian Religions Series - Shintō Part 1 Hello and welcome to the Asian religions series. In this series, we will be discussing religious traditions in Asia other than Buddhism. Buddhism never existed in a vacuum, and as it has spread all across East Asia, it has developed, localized, and syncretized with local traditions in fascinating and significant ways. As such, we cannot provide a complete picture of East Asian without discussing those local traditions such as they were and are. Disclaimer: this series is very basic and introductory, and does not and cannot paint a complete picture of these religious traditions as they are in the present or throughout history. Today, we will be discussing Shintō, a very historically and culturally significant religious tradition in Japan. We hope you enjoy. Do you have a question about Buddhism that you'd like us to discuss? Let us know by tweeting to us @BrightBuddhism, emailing us at Bright.On.Buddhism@gmail.com, or joining us on our discord server, Hidden Sangha ⁠https://discord.gg/tEwcVpu⁠! Resources: Azegami, Naoki (2012). Translated by Mark Teeuwen. "Local Shrines and the Creation of 'State Shinto'". Religion. 42 (1): 63–85. doi:10.1080/0048721X.2012.641806. S2CID 219597745.; Bocking, Brian (1997). A Popular Dictionary of Shinto (revised ed.). Richmond: Curzon. ISBN 978-0-7007-1051-5.; Boyd, James W.; Williams, Ron G. (2005). "Japanese Shinto: An Interpretation of a Priestly Perspective". Philosophy East and West. 55 (1): 33–63. doi:10.1353/pew.2004.0039. S2CID 144550475.; Breen, John; Teeuwen, Mark (2010). A New History of Shinto. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-1-4051-5515-1.; Cali, Joseph; Dougill, John (2013). Shinto Shrines: A Guide to the Sacred Sites of Japan's Ancient Religion. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-3713-6.; Earhart, H. Byron (2004). Japanese Religion: Unity and Diversity (fourth ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. ISBN 978-0-534-17694-5.; Hardacre, Helen (2017). Shinto: A History. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-062171-1.; Kenney, Elizabeth (2000). "Shinto Funerals in the Edo Period". Japanese Journal of Religious Studies. 27 (3/4): 239–271. JSTOR 30233666.; Kitagawa, Joseph M. (1987). On Understanding Japanese Religion. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-10229-0. ;Kuroda, Toshio (1981). Translated by James C. Dobbins and Suzanne Gay. "Shinto in the History of Japanese Religion". Journal of Japanese Studies. 7 (1): 1–21. doi:10.2307/132163. JSTOR 132163; Inoue, Nobutaka (2003). "Introduction: What is Shinto?". In Nobutaka Inoue (ed.). Shinto: A Short History. Translated by Mark Teeuwan and John Breen. London and New York: Routledge. pp. 1–10. ISBN 978-0-415-31913-3. Littleton, C. Scott (2002). Shinto: Origins, Rituals, Festivals, Spirits, Sacred Places. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-521886-2. OCLC 49664424.; Offner, Clark B. (1979). "Shinto". In Norman Anderson (ed.). The World's Religions (fourth ed.). Leicester: Inter-Varsity Press. pp. 191–218.; Picken, Stuart D. B. (1994). Essentials of Shinto: An Analytical Guide to Principal Teachings. Westport and London: Greenwood. ISBN 978-0-313-26431-3.; Picken, Stuart D. B. (2011). Historical Dictionary of Shinto (second ed.). Lanham: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7172-4.; Williams, George; Bhar, Ann Marie B.; Marty, Martin E. (2004). Shinto (Religions of the World). Chelsea House. ISBN 978-0-7910-8097-9. Credits: Nick Bright: Script, Cover Art, Music, Voice of Hearer, Co-Host Proven Paradox: Editing, mixing and mastering, social media, Voice of Hermit, Co-Host --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/brightonbuddhism/message

Ingen jul uden jule-afsnit. I år er der tale om en vaskeægte Zulu-historie. Vi skal tilbage til 1880'erne, hvor spejderbevægelsens grundlægger render rundt nede i Britisk Sydafrika. Vi har nemlig gravet os ned i et dybt kaninhul. For hvad foretog han sig helt præcist dernede, og hvad var det, han havde med hjem dernedefra? Det er der nemlig en masse konspirationsteorier om... Baden-Powell grundlægger spejderbevægelsen i 1908. I 1919 skal han finde på et mærke til svære ledertræning: Gilwell-kurset. Valget falder dengang på en træ-perle fra en afrikansk perlekæde... I dag er de perler en af de vigtigste symboler i spejderverdenen. Men hvor kommer de træ-perler egentlig fra? I afsnittet skræller vi alle lagene af og forsøger at komme helt til bunds i de fantastiske og mystiske historier om de vægtige Gilwell-perler.Rigtig glædelig jul!PS. Vi forudsiger at nogen kommer til at gå op i om det hedder Dinizulu eller Dinuzulu? Ifølge vores research er der ikke enighed om navnet, og derfor siger Steen konsekvent Dinuzulu, mens Kim siger Dinizulu. Se bl.a. dette opslag på isiZulu wikipedia: https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinizulu. Kilder: Baden-Powells oprindelige beskrivelse: https://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/digital/collection/p15999coll21/id/24134/rec/1African Adventures af Baden-Powell: https://archive.org/details/africanadventure00badeuoftVarsity of Life af Baden-Powell: https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.6559/page/n151/mode/2up“The Boy Man - The Life of Lord Baden-Powell” af Tim Jeal.Historical Dictionary of the Zulu Wars af Johan Laban: https://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/archive-files/john_laband_historical_dictionary_of_the_zulu_wabook4me.org_.pdfZulu Origins of the Boy Scout Movement af Tim Parsons: https://web.artsci.wustl.edu/tparsons/tparsons/journal_articles/een-gonyama.pdfImperial appropriations - the dynamic history of iziqu af Jeff Guy: https://journals.co.za/doi/epdf/10.10520/AJA16815564_352Zulu glas-perlekæde: https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/items/163985Zulu iziqu perlekæde: https://web.prm.ox.ac.uk/bodyarts/index.php/body-arts-and-lifecycles/adulthood/102-bravery-ornaments.html

Ukrainian-Canadian political scientist Ivan Katchanovski talks about exposing Yaroslav Hunka for being in a Nazi unit, the Ukraine War, the Maidan massacre and more. Then Peoples Dispatch's Zoe Alexandra The New York Times' connection to press crackdowns in India. Ivan Katchanovski teaches at the School of Political Studies & Conflict Studies and Human Rights Program at the University of Ottawa. He was Visiting Scholar at the Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian at Harvard University. He is the author of "Cleft Countries: Regional Political Divisions and Cultures in Post-Soviet Ukraine and Moldova," and the co-author of "Historical Dictionary of Ukraine." He has written for and/ or appeared on The BBC, CBC, Washington Post, The Guardian and more. He specializes primarily in politics, conflicts, political violence, and the far right in Ukraine. He teaches at the School of Political Studies at the University of Ottawa. Katchanovski was Visiting Scholar at the Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies at Harvard University, Visiting Assistant Professor at the Department of Politics at the State University of New York at Potsdam, Post-Doctoral Fellow at the Department of Political Science at the University of Toronto, and Kluge Post-Doctoral Fellow at the Kluge Center at the Library of Congress. His academic publications include 4 books, 19 articles in peer-reviewed journals, and 12 chapters. His three books on the Russia-Ukraine war and its origins, the Maidan massacre in Ukraine, and modern Ukraine will be published by major Western academic presses. ***Please support The Katie Halper Show *** For bonus content, exclusive interviews, to support independent media & to help make this program possible, please join us on Patreon - https://www.patreon.com/thekatiehalpershow Get your Katie Halper Show Merch here! https://katiehalper.myspreadshop.com/all Follow Katie on Twitter: @kthalps

Alberto Mira es Reader in Film Studies en la Oxford Brookes University. Ha trabajado en diversos proyectos sobre historia de la homosexualidad, cine y musicales. Entre sus libros se encuentran De Sodoma a Chueca, Para entendernos, Miradas Insumisas, Historical Dictionary of Spanish Cinema, así como traducciones, ficción y diversos artículos académicos y divulgativos. Sus últimos libros son Crónica de un devenir, que narra una trayectoria personal dentro de un nosotros histórico, The Pop Musical y el libro que nos presenta en este episodio del canal de Estudios Ibéricos para NBNes en colaboración con Pleibéricos, Entre la cámara y la carne. El cine homoerótico en 25 películas, publicado este 2023 en EGALES. Presenta Santiago Fouz Hernández. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Alberto Mira es Reader in Film Studies en la Oxford Brookes University. Ha trabajado en diversos proyectos sobre historia de la homosexualidad, cine y musicales. Entre sus libros se encuentran De Sodoma a Chueca, Para entendernos, Miradas Insumisas, Historical Dictionary of Spanish Cinema, así como traducciones, ficción y diversos artículos académicos y divulgativos. Sus últimos libros son Crónica de un devenir, que narra una trayectoria personal dentro de un nosotros histórico, The Pop Musical y el libro que nos presenta en este episodio del canal de Estudios Ibéricos para NBNes en colaboración con Pleibéricos, Entre la cámara y la carne. El cine homoerótico en 25 películas, publicado este 2023 en EGALES. Presenta Santiago Fouz Hernández. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Alberto Mira es Reader in Film Studies en la Oxford Brookes University. Ha trabajado en diversos proyectos sobre historia de la homosexualidad, cine y musicales. Entre sus libros se encuentran De Sodoma a Chueca, Para entendernos, Miradas Insumisas, Historical Dictionary of Spanish Cinema, así como traducciones, ficción y diversos artículos académicos y divulgativos. Sus últimos libros son Crónica de un devenir, que narra una trayectoria personal dentro de un nosotros histórico, The Pop Musical y el libro que nos presenta en este episodio del canal de Estudios Ibéricos para NBNes en colaboración con Pleibéricos, Entre la cámara y la carne. El cine homoerótico en 25 películas, publicado este 2023 en EGALES. Presenta Santiago Fouz Hernández. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Alberto Mira es Reader in Film Studies en la Oxford Brookes University. Ha trabajado en diversos proyectos sobre historia de la homosexualidad, cine y musicales. Entre sus libros se encuentran De Sodoma a Chueca, Para entendernos, Miradas Insumisas, Historical Dictionary of Spanish Cinema, así como traducciones, ficción y diversos artículos académicos y divulgativos. Sus últimos libros son Crónica de un devenir, que narra una trayectoria personal dentro de un nosotros histórico, The Pop Musical y el libro que nos presenta en este episodio del canal de Estudios Ibéricos para NBNes en colaboración con Pleibéricos, Entre la cámara y la carne. El cine homoerótico en 25 películas, publicado este 2023 en EGALES. Presenta Santiago Fouz Hernández. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What is Shamanism? Who is the Shaman? Academic definitions and controversies surrounding Shamanism and my proposal to a new definition of Shamanism. CONNECT & SUPPORT

What is Shamanism? Who is the Shaman? Academic definitions and controversies surrounding Shamanism and my proposal to a new definition of Shamanism. CONNECT & SUPPORT

Greater attention is needed to various concepts in the study of religion that may be assumed to be settled, but in reality need to be contested. George Chryssides discusses this in this episode, including concepts like “religion,” “world religion,” “cult,” and “new religious movement.” Chryssides is an Honorary Research Fellow in the Department of Theology and Religious Studies at York St. John University, UK. His books include The Bloomsbury Handbook to Studying Christians, Historical Dictionary of Jehovah's Witnesses second edition, Jehovah's Witnesses: Continuity and Change, The Bloomsbury Companion to New Religious Movements, and he is co-editor with Amy R. Whitehead of Contested Concepts in the Study of Religion. Contested Concepts in the Study of Religion: A Critical Exploration (Bloomsbury Academic, 2023) https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/contested-concepts-in-the-study-of-religion-9781350243804/ George D. Chryssides: https://yorksj.academia.edu/GeorgeChryssides Amy R. Whitehead: https://www.massey.ac.nz/massey/expertise/profile.cfm?stref=950550 Book launch Contested Concepts contributor discussion hosted by INFORM: https://youtu.be/U3QcYvuFknY You can listen to Multifaith Matters on your favorite podcast platform, including Podbean, Apple Podcasts, Spotify, Google Podcasts, Stitcher, and iHeart Radio. Learn more about our work at https://www.multifaithmatters.org Support this work: One-time donation: https://multifaithmatters.org/donate Become my patron: https://patron.podbean.com/johnwmorehead #religion #religiousstudies #GeorgeChryssides

NOUVEAU - Abonnez-vous à Minuit+ pour profiter Espions - Histoires Vraies et de milliers d'histoires vraies sans publicité, d'épisodes en avant-première et en intégralité. Vous aurez accès sans publicité à des dizaines de programmes passionnants comme Crimes - Histoires Vraies, Paranormal - Histoires Vraies ou encore Catastrophes - Histoires Vraies.

NOUVEAU - Abonnez-vous à Minuit+ pour profiter Espions - Histoires Vraies et de milliers d'histoires vraies sans publicité, d'épisodes en avant-première et en intégralité. Vous aurez accès sans publicité à des dizaines de programmes passionnants comme Crimes - Histoires Vraies, Paranormal - Histoires Vraies ou encore Catastrophes - Histoires Vraies.

The only Portuguese monarch to be assassinated, King Carlos I, was shot through the neck by Republican activists on 1st February, 1908, as his open carriage rode through Lisbon. His elder son Luis Filipe was also killed, leaving 18 year-old Manuel to become the last King of Portugal. The murder followed Portugal's former colony Brazil deposing its emperor; a politically disastrous agreement with the British over African expansion; and the appointment of the dictatorial João Franco as Portuguese Prime Minister. In this episode, Arion, Rebecca and Olly pore over the gossip about Carlos's lavish lifestyle and Parisian mistress; explain how the event was foreshadowed by the famous ‘Elevator Coup'; and reveal how Carlos's sea-faring knowledge made for an ill-advised epithet…  Further Reading: • ‘Historical Dictionary of Portugal - By Douglas L. Wheeler & Walter C. Opello' (Scarecrow Press, 2010): https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Historical_Dictionary_of_Portugal/e-3kxBySncsC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=king+carlos+i+february+1908&pg=PA71&printsec=frontcover • ‘The Portuguese: A Portrait of a People - By Barry Hatton (Signal Books, 2016): https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/The_Portuguese/kL6_BAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=king+carlos+portugal+assassination&pg=PT118&printsec=frontcover • ‘O Regicídio' (Dir. Fernando Vendrell, 2008): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-gYphMUSvG4 #Portugal #Royals #Crime Love the show? Join 

This is an unusual issue of the newsletter, and it's about an unusual conversation I taped yesterday. Normally I don't send out an issue of NZN for each podcast I post, but I think this is a particularly important conversation—and also a complicated conversation, one that can benefit from a preface. The conversation will go public next week and is available to paid NZN subscribers, like you, now—via this issue of the newsletter (video below, audio above) but also via the Nonzero feed on your podcast app (assuming you've set up the special paid subscriber version of that feed in your podcast app; if you haven't, just click “Listen on” in the upper right corner of this post and follow the instructions).The conversation is with Ivan Katchanovski, a political scientist who grew up in Ukraine, came to the US to do graduate work, and now teaches in Canada, at the University of Ottawa. He is frustrated with the way western media is covering the war in Ukraine and with the way western media depicts Ukraine more broadly—including the decade of turmoil that preceded the war.One thing that impresses me about Katchanovski is his capacity for cognitive empathy. He grew up in western Ukraine, speaking Ukrainian, but he is attentive to perspectives in the eastern part of the country, where many people grew up speaking Russian and no few of them are considered “ethnically Russian”. In fact, he has done research on the attitudes of eastern Ukrainians—which leads to one of his frustrations with western coverage of Ukraine. The standard western narrative about the path toward conflict in Ukraine depicts the pivotal events of 2014 roughly like this: Peaceful protests against the policies of a pro-Russian president, Viktor Yanukovych, morphed into revolution—the “Maidan Revolution” or “Revolution of Dignity”—and after the president stepped down Putin responded by seizing Crimea and supporting separatists in the Donbas. This is more or less accurate in so far as it goes. But Katchanovski would like to add a couple of things, the second of which would constitute a radical amendment to the standard narrative: 1. The Maidan revolution made the ground in eastern and southern Ukraine much more fertile for Russian intervention. The overthrow of a democratically elected president who had strong support in the Donbas and Crimea made many people in those areas more supportive of some kind of separation from the rest of Ukraine—more supportive of Russia's annexation of Crimea and more supportive of the separatist movement in the Donbas that Putin would within months be aggressively aiding. (Katchanovski suggests that if the various Obama administration officials who were happy about the overthrow of Yanukovych had done their homework, they would have anticipated this effect on public opinion and perhaps been more ambivalent about regime change.) 2. The “Maidan massacre”—which is depicted in the standard narrative as the murder of dozens of protesters by riot police, and which put massive international pressure on Yanukovych to step down — wasn't what it seemed. Katchanovski, after extensive research on how the revolution unfolded, has concluded that the massacre wasn't in fact perpetrated by police, but rather by far right militants who supported the protests (but whom most of the protesters didn't support, as most of the protesters weren't far right). He says the snipers who killed the protesters were in buildings controlled by far right groups, not by the government.In other words, Katchanovski contends that the killing of the protesters was a “false flag” operation—conducted in the hope that the Yanukovych regime would be blamed and would then be removed from power. Which is what happened.I'm not conversant enough in the evidence to say whether Katchanovski is right, but one thing I can say is that he's assembled a lot of evidence. You can find some of his writings on the subject here and here, and relevant videos he's assembled here. (He says his most recent paper on the subject was accepted by an academic journal but then rejected, a change of heart he suspects reflects political pressure.) I can also say that Katchanovski struck me as sincere and credible. But see what you think. I should add that he has a strong accent, speaks fairly fast, and is not averse to the occasional tangent. But I think if you stick with the conversation until the end, your perspective on the war in Ukraine, and your understanding of Ukraine itself, will be significantly broadened. 00:00 Ivan's Ukrainian upbringing and academic background5:08 Where did pro-Russian sentiment in eastern Ukraine come from? 16:19 Why Ivan worried Ukraine's 2014 revolution would lead to civil war 33:09 Did Europe impede resolution of Russia-Ukraine tensions? 49:25 What western media gets wrong about the Maidan revolution 59:49 Was the Maidan massacre a false flag operation? 1:15:29 The state of Ukrainian democracy after the Maidan revolution 1:33:07 The political forces that impeded Zelensky's peace plan Robert Wright (Bloggingheads.tv, The Evolution of God, Nonzero, Why Buddhism Is True) and Ivan Katchanovski (The University of Ottawa, Historical Dictionary of Ukraine). Recorded January 18, 2023. Comments on BhTV: http://bloggingheads.tv/videos/65579 Twitter: https://twitter.com/NonzeroPods Facebook: https://facebook.com/bloggingheads/ Podcasts: https://bloggingheads.tv/subscribe This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit nonzero.substack.com/subscribe

This week on Talk World Radio we're discussing the ethnic cleansing of Palestine. Professor Ilan Pappe is the Director of the European Center for Palestine Studies and a senior fellow of the Institute for Arab and Islamic Studies at the University of Exeter, UK. Pappe is the author of 20 books his two most recent ones are Our Vision for Liberation, with Ramzy Baroud and The Historical Dictionary of Palestine with Johnny Mansour. His most known work is the 2006 book The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine and he also co-authored two books with Noam Chomsky.

Lauren Honig is an assistant professor of political science at Boston College whose work addresses questions of property rights, the roles of informal and customary institutions, natural resource politics, and state-citizen linkages. Lauren talks to Kim this week about her new book, Land Politics: How Customary Institutions Shape State Building in Zambia and Senegal.Plus, in the news wrap, Kim and Rachel talk about the World Cup, updates on alleged corruption in Malawi, a potential impeachment hearing for South Africa's President Cyril Ramaphosa, and more! We also extend our deepest condolences to the family, friends, and colleagues of professor Owen Kalinga, a historian at North Carolina State University and author of among many other publications, the Historical Dictionary of Malawi. He was a generous senior scholar who had a unique lens on recording and interpreting Malawi's history.Find the books, links, and articles we mentioned in this episode on our website, ufahamuafrica.com.

Kapitelchen & Tracklist 0:00:00 Andrea La Rosa – Quick! Grab! Money! CC BY-NC-ND 0:00:38 Update: Historical Dictionary of Science Fiction 0:12:53 Jess Johns – Mercy CC BY-NC 0:15:09 Update: BC BY-NC-SA 0:25:26 Marian Call – Blanket Forts (I Like You) CC BY-NC-ND 0:27:16 Besucht: Spectrum Science Center Berlin vs. Besucherzentrum Naturpark Märkische Schweiz 0:36:35 Kat Bryan – Circus of the Living CC BY-NC-ND 0:40:34 Besucht: Center vs. Zentrum II 0:53:40 How I Became Invisible – A Constant State Of Perpetual Catastrophe CC BY-ND 0:54:52 Yana Couto – Opium CC BY-NC-SA 0:58:22 Gesehen: Outland 1:12:34 She/Her/Hers – 23 (like the Blink-182 song, but without thehomophobia) CC BY-NC-ND 1:15:33 Gesehen: Outland II 1:30:06 beyon – woolybear CC BY-NC-SA 1:33:44 Andrea La Rosa – Fantas-Magot CC BY-NC-ND 1:34:59 Audiorätsel 1:55:20 MARY BELL – Plain Jane CC BY-NC-SA 1:56:34 kitty – Running Away CC BY Shownotes Liste mit Creative-Commons-Musik auf Bandcamp, gesammelt von Kubas Bot  Museen: Science Center Spectrum Besucherzentrum "Schweizer Haus" in Buckow / Naturpark Märkische Schweiz Wikipedia-Artikel zum Film "Outland" Wikipedia-Artikel zum Film "Tenet" Sci-Fi-Wörterbuch: Historical Dictionary of Science Fiction Artikel auf boinboing.net zu neuen Wörterbuch-Einträgen Lösung des Audiorätsels Credits & Lizenz Cover: basierend auf Robert Fludd Metaphysik und Natur- und Kunstgeschichte beider Welten, nämlich des Makro- und des Mikrokosmos, 1617; Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons Diese Folge erscheint unter CC BY-NC-SA 3.0, d.h. unsere Inhalte gerne teilen, remixen, aber uns bitte erwähnen und ja kein Geld verdienen! Musik siehe jeweilige Lizenzen.

Cabinda is an exclave and province of Angola; however, this status is disputed and part of a long-standing conflict stemming from colonialism and decolonisation. This dispute has led to decades of conflict between Cabinda's liberation movement and the Angolan government. We discuss how this situation came to be and the present state of affairs. Follow us on IG: itsacontinentpod and Twitter: itsacontinent. It's a Continent (published by Coronet) is available to purchase: itsacontinent.com/book We're on Buy me a Coffee too: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/itsacontinent Visit our website: itsacontinent.com Artwork by Margo Designs: https://margosdesigns.myportfolio.com Music provided by Free Vibes: https://goo.gl/NkGhTg Warm Nights by Lakey Inspired: https://soundcloud.com/lakeyinspired/... Creative Commons — Attribution 3.0 Unported— CC BY 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/... Sources for further reading: Historical Dictionary of Angola Enclaves in International Relations by Nies Susanne https://www.un.org/dppa/decolonization/sites/www.un.org.dppa.decolonization/files/decon_num_4-1.pdf

Episode 104:This week we're continuing Russia in Revolution An Empire in Crisis 1890 - 1928 by S. A. Smith[Part 1]Introduction[Part 2-5]1. Roots of Revolution, 1880s–1905[Part 6-8]2. From Reform to War, 1906-1917[Part 9-12]3. From February to October 1917[Part 13 - 15]4. Civil War and Bolshevik PowerThe Expansion of SovietsNational Self-Determination and the Reconstitution of Empire[Part 16 - This Week]4. Civil War and Bolshevik PowerViolence and Terror - 0:19The Suppression of the Socialist Opposition - 19:56[Part 17]4. Civil War and Bolshevik Power[Part 18 - 20?]5. War Communism[Part 21 - 23?]6. The New Economic Policy: Politics and the Economy[Part 24 - 27?]7. The New Economic Policy: Society and Culture[Part 28?]ConclusionFootnotes:57) 0:36James Ryan, Lenin's Terror: The Ideological Origins of Early Soviet State Violence (London: Routledge, 2012).58) 3:26Latsis, ‘Pravda of krasnom terrore', Izvestiia, 26, 6 Feb. 1920, 1.59) 3:57Michael Melancon, ‘Revolutionary Culture in the Early Soviet Republic: Communist Executive Committees versus the Cheka', Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas, 57:1 (2009), 1–22 (9).60) 6:14George Leggett, The Cheka: Lenin's Political Police: The All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for Combatting Counter-Revolution and Sabotage, 1917–1922 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1981), 467.61) 7:06The use of torture by the Cheka was hinted at in the press. See the complaint by a party member who had fallen into the clutches of the Cheka in Moscow. Izvestiia, 18, 26 Jan. 1919, 2.62) 8:45I. N. Kamardin, ‘Rabochii protest v Povolzh'e v 1919–1920gg'. .63) 9:41; .64) 11:55A. G. Tepliakov, ‘Chekisty Kryma v nachale 1920-kh gg', Voprosy istorii, 11, Nov. 2015, 139–45.65) 14:06.66) 15:36Dietrich Beyrau, ‘Brutalization Revisited: The Case of Russia', Journal of Contemporary History, 50:1 (2015), 15–37.67) 16:32Martin Conway and Robert Gerwarth, ‘Revolution and Counter-Revolution', in Donald Bloxham and Robert Gerwarth (eds), Political Violence in Twentieth-Century Europe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011), 140–76 (141). Stathis Kalyvas, The Logic of Violence in Civil War (Cambridge University Press, 2006), 365–87.68) 16:59Hoffmann and Kotsonis (eds), Russian Modernity; Peter Holquist, ‘Violent Russia, Deadly Marxism? Russia in the Epoch of Violence, 1905–21', Kritika, 4:3 (2003), 627–52.69) 17:18Holquist, Making War, ch. 6.70) 17:59Cited in Mawdsley, Russian Civil War, 67.71) 19:26Smele, Historical Dictionary, 138–41, 1142–3, 92. I am grateful to Erik Landis for drawing my attention to Marat Khairulin, ‘Boi za Kazan' (avgust–sentiabr' 1918g.). Khronika deistvii aviatsii', .72) 20:07Vladimir N. Brovkin, Behind the Front Lines of the Civil War: Political Parties and Social Movements in Russia, 1918–1922 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994).73) 20:49Scott B. Smith, Captives of Revolution: The Socialist Revolutionaries and the Bolshevik Dictatorship, 1918–1923 (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2011).74) 22:55Z. Galili and A. Nenarokov (eds), Men'sheviki v 1918 godu (Moscow: ROSSPEN, 1999).75) 24:12D. B. Pavlov, Bol'shevistskaia diktatura protiv sotsialistov i anarkhistov 1917—seredina 1950-kh godov (Moscow: ROSSPEN, 1999), 63.76) 30:08Brovkin, Behind the Front Lines, 268.

The Jehovah's Witnesses have been the focus of much evangelical apologetic and secular media critique. In this podcast, new religions scholar George Chryssides presents an overview of the Watch Tower organization's origins, their lived religion, key beliefs and practices, and controversial aspects like disfellowshipping, blood transfusions, and sexual abuse allegations. Chryssides is an Honorary Research Fellow in the Department of Theology and Religious Studies at York St. John University, UK. His books include The Bloomsbury Handbook to Studying Christians, Historical Dictionary of Jehovah's Witnesses second edition, Jehovah's Witnesses: Continuity and Change, and The Bloomsbury Companion to New Religious Movements. In this podcast we discuss some of the material from Jehovah's Witnesses: A New Introduction - https://www.amazon.com/Jehovahs-Witnesses-Introduction-George-Chryssides/dp/1350190896/ George D. Chryssides: https://yorksj.academia.edu/GeorgeChryssides Jehovah's Witnesses website: https://www.jw.org/en/ Learn more about our work at https://www.multifaithmatters.org. Support this work: One-time donation: https://multifaithmatters.org/donate Become my patron: https://patron.podbean.com/johnwmorehead  #JehovahsWitnesses #GeorgeChryssides #newreligions

John Lohn is the Editor-in-Chief of Swimming World Magazine. He has covered the sport at the national and international levels since 2000, including the last 4 Olympic Games. John is the author of Historical Dictionary of Competitive Swimming, The Most Memorable Moments in Olympic Swimming, and The 100 Greatest Swimmers in History. Our Sponsors: BRATTER PA IMMIGRATION LAW: Exclusive immigration representation of athletes, entrepreneurs, artists, investors, and entertainers. SWIM ANGELFISH: Receive the tools and skills needed to teach swimmers with autism, physical disabilities, anxiety, sensory and motor conditions with Swim Angelfish, the global leader in adaptive swim. Get certified online today! BEINE WELLNESS BUILDING: Individualize your nutrition with genetic testing and personalized plans. Eat, supplement, and recover based on your genetics. VASA: Essential dryland for stronger, better, faster swimmers. Save 10% using the code "brett" at checkout! DESTRO SWIM TOWERS: Save $150 per double swim tower by using the code "brett" at checkout! SWIMNERD: Big and small digital pace clocks, virtual scoreboards, and live results. Subscribe to the Swimnerd Newsletter at swimspam.com Subscribe & Listen: Apple Podcasts Google Spotify YouTube Produced by: SWIMNERD

Episode 102:This week we're continuing Russia in Revolution An Empire in Crisis 1890 - 1928 by S. A. Smith[Part 1]Introduction[Part 2-5]1. Roots of Revolution, 1880s–1905[Part 6-8]2. From Reform to War, 1906-1917[Part 9-12]3. From February to October 1917[Part 13]4. Civil War and Bolshevik PowerThe Expansion of Soviets[Part 14 - This Week]4. Civil War and Bolshevik PowerCivil War - 0:22[Part 15 - 16?]4. Civil War and Bolshevik Power[Part 17 - 19?]5. War Communism[Part 20 - 22?]6. The New Economic Policy: Politics and the Economy[Part 23 - 26?]7. The New Economic Policy: Society and Culture[Part 27?]ConclusionFigures 4.1 - 10:02German prisoners-of-war demonstrate in Moscow in 1918. Their banner reads ‘Long live the World Revolution!'4.2 - 12:40Red Army soldiers going off to fight.4.3 - 38:22Lenin speaks to troops being sent to the Polish Front in Moscow, 5 May 1920. Trotsky and Kamenev are standing on the step of the platform.Footnotes:22) 0:40The following section draws on: Jonathan D. Smele, The ‘Russian' Civil Wars, 1916–1926 (London: Hurst, 2016); Evan Mawdsley, The Russian Civil War (New York: Pegasus, 2005); W. Bruce Lincoln, Red Victory: A History of the Russian Civil War (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1989).23) 1:01Krivosheev (ed.), Rossiia i SSSR v voinakh XX veka.24) 1:23Naselenie Rossii v XX veke, vol. 1, 148.25) 6:21Joshua Sanborn, ‘The Genesis of Russian Warlordism: Violence and Governance during the First World War and the Civil War', Contemporary European History, 19 (2010), 195–213.26) 6:37Geoffrey Swain, Russia's Civil War (2nd edn) (Stroud: History Press, 2008).27) 8:04P. N. Vrangel', Zapiski (noiabr' 1916–noiabr 1920) (2 vols), vol. 1 (Moscow: Kosmos, 1991), 100.28) 9:08Peter Kenez, Civil War in South Russia, 1918: The First Year of the Volunteer Army (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971).29) 11:37Mark von Hagen, Soldiers in the Proletarian Dictatorship: The Red Army and the Soviet Socialist State, 1917–1930 (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1990); Francesco Benvenuti, The Bolsheviks and the Red Army, 1918–1922 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988).30) 12:42V. Ia. Grosul, ‘Krasnye generaly grazhdanskoi voiny', Rossiiskaia istoriia, 4 (2011), 139–54.31) 15:46A. Lunacharskii, ‘Revolutionary Silhouettes' (1923), .32) 18:28Eduard Dune, Notes of a Red Guard, trans. and ed. Diane P. Koenker and S. A. Smith (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1993).33) 19:06Richard Pipes, The Russian Revolution (New York: Knopf, 1990), 770.34) 20:42Dobrovol'skii, ‘Partiia sotsialistov-revoliutsionerov', ch. 4, section 2.35) 22:02Yanni Kotsonis, ‘Arkhangel'sk, 1918: Regionalism and Populism in the Russian Civil War', Russian Review, 51:4 (1992), 526–44; Liudmila G. Novikova, ‘Northerners into Whites: Popular Participation in the Counter-Revolution in Arkhangel'sk Province, Summer–Autumn 1918', Europe-Asia Studies, 60:2 (2008), 277–93.36) 25:09A. G. Kavtaradze, Voennye spetsialisty na sluzhbe Respubliki sovetov 1917–1920gg. (Moscow: Nauka, 1988).37) 26:49G. A. Trukan, Put' k totalitarizmu, 1917–1929gg. (Moscow: Nauka, 1994), 61.38) 28:15S. Karpenko, ‘The White Dictatorships': Bureaucracy in the South of Russia: Social Structure, Living Conditions, and Performance (1918–1920)', Soviet and Post-Soviet Review, 37:1 (2010), 84–96.39) 29:18Peter Kenez, Civil War in South Russia, 1919–1920: The Defeat of the Whites (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977), 88–93, 282.40) 43:43Orlando Figes, ‘The Red Army and Mass Mobilization during the Russian Civil War', Past and Present, 129 (1990), 168–211; Sanborn, Drafting the Russian Nation.41) 44:50Kavtaradze, Voennye spetsialisty, 175–8.42) 45:33Norman G. O. Pereira, White Siberia: The Politics of Civil War (Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1996).43) 48:52Jonathan D. Smele, Historical Dictionary of the ‘Russian' Civil Wars, 1916–1926 (2 vols) (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2015), 1303.44) 52:47Figes, People's Tragedy, 699.

Poetry is Closer to Truth than History. The host for this show is Chang Wang. The guest is Bryan Thao Worra. Bryan Thao Worra is an award-winning Lao American poet, who serves on the Council on Asian Pacific Minnesotans. He holds over 20 literary, academic, and professional awards. Worra was selected as the Lao delegate to serve as a Cultural Olympian during the 2012 London Summer Games. His writing is cited in over 9 international textbooks including the Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics and the Historical Dictionary of Asian American Literature and Theater. He recently presented at the Library of Congress on Lao American literature. The author of 8 books, his work appears in 100+ publications globally including Australia, Canada, England, Scotland, Germany, France, Singapore, Hong Kong, Korea, Chile, and Pakistan. His writing has been translated into 10 different languages. In this episode of 'A Nation of Immigrants,' Bryan Thao Worra shares his life stories, his poetry, his advocacy on behalf of refugees, and his reflections on cultural identity and arts. The ThinkTech YouTube Playlist for this show is https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQpkwcNJny6m0sDYgbpbsi65EHVp8ynG8 Please visit our ThinkTech website at https://thinktechhawaii.com and see our Think Tech Advisories at https://thinktechadvisories.blogspot.com.

Time for another episode of the podcast, and this time we delve into our favourite sci-fi artificial intelligences. We largely ignore ambulatory A.I., so you won't find much talk of robots or androids here. Instead we try (but don't always succeed) to discuss the type of A.I. that won't chase you down a corridor or strangle you. Among the works mentioned are some Star Treks; some Keith Laumer, Asimov, Clarke and Gerrold; and several classic movies that highlight our human terror at the thought that computers might one day take over. Read more about science fiction's use of artificial intelligence in the Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and the Historical Dictionary of Science Fiction. Other things that pop up in our discussion include: The Best Science Fiction and Fantasy Short Fiction Facebook group Andy Weir's Facebook AMA Is the Gunstar a Better Design than the Starfury? on YouTube Patricia McKillip Fredric Brown We hope you enjoy our discussion - and please let us know your favourite fictional A.I.

Today's show focuses primarily on how Democrats used Abortion as a fundraising ploy but never cared to pass a law protecting it. Plus Ukraine, and the recent attack on Dave Chapelle. The Democrats had decades to pass a law making abortion legal. They didn't. Now Nancy Pelosi says she wants to pass that law, but at the same time supports anti abortion Democrats like Congressman Henry Cuellar. New evidence has emerged showing Joe Biden could have done more to stop Putin's invasion of Ukraine. Dave Chapelle was attacked by a homeless lunatic. Why was Chapelle's security team allowed to break the guy's arm and then stomp him in the face? Topics: Dave Chappelle physically attacked on stage; Federal Reserve raises interest rates; Stock Market tanks; Progressive Champion Nina Turner loses big in Ohio primary; Does Putin have cancer?; Is America helping Ukraine kill all those Russian generals?; Nancy Pelosi says she wants legislation that enshrines a woman's right to choose, so why is she endorsing Pro Life Congressman Henry Cuellar instead of Jessica Cisneros? Special Guest Bill Baird, America's leading advocate for reproductive rights. Because the David Feldman Show website is down, here is our invitation to Friday night's Office Hours: https://davidfeldmanshow.zoom.us/meet... Guests With Time Codes: (0:48) David Does the News (56:52) "Turtle" written and performed by Professor Mike Steinel (1:00:00) Professor Ivan Katchanovski (Political scientist, scholar of politics and conflict in Ukraine, and Professor of Political Studies, University of Ottawa) Professor Katchanovski is one of the leading scholars of Ukraine. He is the author of "Cleft Countries: Regional Political Divisions and Cultures in Post-Soviet Ukraine and Moldova" and co-author of "Historical Dictionary of Ukraine" Did Biden do enough to stop Putin from invading Ukraine? Is Ukraine run by Nazis? Did Zelensky escalate the shelling of the Dunbas region before Putin invaded? Can Putin be brought to the negotiating table. (1:30:03) Professor Corey Brettschneider (Professor of political science at Brown University, visiting professor of Law at Fordham University) Professor Brettschneider is author of "The Oath And The Office: A Guide To The Constitution For Future Presidents" and editor of the six volume series Penguin Liberty, including "The Decisions and Dissents of Ruth Bader Ginsburg." The court's about to overturn Roe: The right to privacy; Did Trump's three Supreme Court nominees lie to Senators when asked about their position on Roe V. Wade?; What role did the Federalist Society play in the possible overturn of Roe V. Wade; Will abortion end up banned nationwide? (1:56:51) The Herschenfelds: Dr. Philip Herschenfeld (Freudian psychoanalyst), and Ethan Herschenfeld (his new comedy special "Thug, Thug Jew" is streaming on YouTube) Paranoia; Delusions of grandeur; The right's mental illness (2:30:32) Fred Stoller (Comedian and author of "Five Minutes to Kill: How the HBO Young Comedians Special Changed the Lives of 1989's Funniest Comics") Fred remembers Norm and Gilbert. Fred is author of "Maybe We'll Have You Back: The Life of a Perennial TV Guest Star, " "My Seinfeld Year," and "Five Minutes to Kill: How the HBO Young Comedians Special Changed the Lives of 1989's Funniest Comics," which is available now on Audible. (3:03:47) The Rev. Barry W. Lynn (Americans United for Separation of Church and State) w/ Bill Baird (Reproductive rights activist) Bill Baird is going into his 60th year fighting for reproductive rights. His U.S. Supreme Court case Baird v. Eisenstadt legalized birth control in 1972. Baird v. Bellotti One and Two gave minors the right to abortion without parental consent. A documentary is currently being filmed on his work. His biography will soon be complete. (3:59:45) The Professors And Mary Anne: Professors Mary Anne Cummings, Jonathan Bick, Ann Li, other PhDs TBD Read Ann Li: www.dailykos.com/user/annieli PLUS: ASMR for your eyeballs - Kitchen ASMR with Joe in Norway - Shop ASMR with Dave in PA - Kitten ASMR with Jimmy (5:12:37) Alan Minsky (executive director of Progressive Democrats of America) (5:39:55) Emil Guillermo (host of the PETA Podcast, and columnist for The Asian American Legal Defense And Education Fund)

We throw around the term hyperspeed a lot in movies, shows, sci fi novels. What actually is it and where did it originate from?? Tune into this episode to learn all about it! We have Merch!! www.butitisrocketscience.com/shop Patreon: www.patreon.com/biirs Find us on social media! Instagram: butitisrocketscience Twitter: butitisRS Facebook: But it is Rocket Science New Design by Sarah Price Follow her on Instagram: sarahprice.art Henna's Sources: “1930s.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 24 Mar. 2022, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1930s#Science_and_technology. ghola2010. “Dark Star Movie (1974) from John Carpenter.” YouTube, YouTube, 29 Apr. 2019, www.youtube.com/watch?v=ocse-0bBfo8&t=963s&ab_channel=WhitemancameTookeverything. “Historical Dictionary of Science Fiction.” Historical Dictionary of Science Fiction, sfdictionary.com/. “Historical Dictionary of Science Fiction.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 23 Oct. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Science_Fiction. “Hyperspace.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 24 Mar. 2022, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperspace. “Pulp Magazine.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 19 Mar. 2022, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulp_magazine. Anna's Links: Alcubierre, Miguel. “The Warp Drive: Hyper-Fast Travel within General Relativity.” Classical and Quantum Gravity, vol. 11, no. 5, 1994, doi:10.1088/0264-9381/11/5/001. Beall, Abigail. “What Is Einstein's Theory of Relativity?” WIRED UK, WIRED UK, 28 Mar. 2017, www.wired.co.uk/article/einstein-theory-relativity. “The Casimir Effect: A Force from Nothing.” Physics World, 6 Feb. 2018, physicsworld.com/a/the-casimir-effect-a-force-from-nothing. “Energy Density of Some Combustibles (in MJ/Kg): The Geography of Transport Systems.” The Geography of Transport Systems | The Spatial Organization of Transportation and Mobility, 5 Oct. 2021, transportgeography.org/contents/chapter4/transportation-and-energy/combustibles-energy-content/. “Energy Density.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 27 Feb. 2022, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_density. “Exotic Matter.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 22 Mar. 2022, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exotic_matter. Lentz, Erik W. “Breaking the Warp Barrier: Hyper-Fast Solitons in Einstein–Maxwell-Plasma Theory.” Classical and Quantum Gravity, vol. 38, no. 7, 2021, p. 075015., doi:10.1088/1361-6382/abe692. “Warp Drives: Physicists Give Chances of Faster-than-Light Space Travel a Boost: Human World.” EarthSky, 15 May 2021, earthsky.org/space/warp-drive-chances-of-faster-than-light-space-travel/.

Musik: "DaH yImej !" von tlhev lut (mit freundlicher Genehmigung), aus FW#19 & Stars Sewn Into Our Skies von The Big Blood, CC BY-NC-ND (Bitte kaufen, das Album und die Band sind fantastisch), aus FW#17 Das beste aus 20 Folgen! Kapitelchen/Clips 0:00:46 Unmögliche Farben FW#4 0:07:23 Unmögliches Essen: Impossible Burger Review FW#5 0:11:28 Interview mit Randall Munroe (XKCD, What If) FW#6 0:17:39 Voynich-Manuskript FW#7 0:26:27 Übersetzung-von-SciFi-Titeln-Quiz FW#8 0:33:09 Historical Dictionary of Science Fiction FW#9 0:40:36 Audiorätsel FW#11 0:49:48 Die (dystopischen) Sims FW#12 0:54:54 Foone-Experience: Sinne 6-20 FW#13 1:03:56 Gedankenexperimenträtsel FW#14 1:10:25 20 Questions FW#15 1:20:30 Unmögliche Zahlen: Wie man Pixel zählt FW#16 1:25:01 Unmögliche Zahlen: Fleißige, aber virtuelle Biber FW#17 1:28:23 Exkurs: Was das Machen mit uns Macht FW#17 1:30:17 Autobiographische Architektur: 3D-Scans von Wohnungen / Hypothesen zu Traumhaftigkeit, Interaktion und Immersion FW#17 1:33:50 Kunst im öffentlichen Raum: Betonklotz FW#18 1:43:37 André Müller: Wo kommen neue klingonische Wörter her? FW#19 1:46:28 André Müller: Künstliche-SciFi-Sprachen-Quiz FW#19 1:50:49 Beseelte Twitter-Bots: @losttesla FW#20 Credits & Lizenz Cover: basierend auf Robert Fludd Metaphysik und Natur- und Kunstgeschichte beider Welten, nämlich des Makro- und des Mikrokosmos, 1617; Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons Diese Folge erscheint unter CC BY-NC-SA 3.0, d.h. gerne teilen, remixen, aber uns bitte erwähnen und ja kein Geld verdienen!

Who can you trust? That's the question posed in Rashōmon. In today's programme Rana Mitter's guests David Peace, Natasha Pulley, Yuna Tasaka and Jasper Sharp look at both the book and the film. Ryūnosuke Akutagawa's short story 'In a Grove', published in 1922, became the basis for the 1950 film from Akira Kurosawa 'Rashōmon', one of the first Japanese films to gain worldwide critical acclaim. 'The Rashōmon Effect' has become a byword for the literary technique where the same event is presented via the different and incompatible testimonies from the characters involved. David Peace's book 'Patient X' is a novelised response to Ryūnosuke Akutagawa's last years and his death by suicide at the age of 35. Natasha Pulley is a novelist and Japanophile with a particular interest in Japanese literature of the 1920s, and in the unreliable narrator implied by use of the Rashōmon Effect. Jasper Sharp is a writer and curator, author of the Historical Dictionary of Japanese Cinema. Yuna Tasaka is one of the contributors to The Japanese Cinema Book published by Bloomsbury. David Peace's third novel in his Tokyo trilogy Tokyo Redux is out this summer. Natasha Pulley's most recent novel is a time travel story set in Napoleonic times - The Kingdoms. Her book The Watchmaker of Filigree Street became an international best seller. Producer: Luke Mulhall. You can find a playlist of Radio 3 programmes exploring Japanese Culture on the Free Thinking programme website from the Tale of Genji to Godzilla, jazz to the sound of rain, Rashomon to Rampo https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p0657spq

(Sorry this upload is a bit late!) In this episode, Laura and Will talk about Joël Gustave Nana Ngongang and Laura recommends: https://nuerda.org/. As of this episode, we are going on hiatus! Some of you may have noticed that the past couple of podcast episodes have come with a note saying that there are some issues with the audio quality. This is because our new apartment has a couple of noise sources our old one didn't. We have been trying a couple of things to combat this, but a new family with young children just moved in upstairs, and unfortunately, it seems like it is only likely to get worse.  Luckily, I have been doing some research, and there is a free-to-use recording studio at one of our local libraries, and I think recording the podcast there would be a fantastic solution. Unfortunately, because of COVID19, the studio is not open to podcasters right now. So in order to allow for the best possible quality of sound for future episodes, we have decided to go on hiatus! I am very excited for when we can start the podcast up again, but in the meantime, you can always re-listen to old episodes or read the articles on our websites. We also have a very exciting project this month that's all about King Kristina, so see our social media for that! As always, thank you so much for listening, and if you have any questions or comments, you can reach us at queerhistorypatreon@gmail.com.   [Disclaimer: some of the sources may contain triggering material] (2015). Africa Mourns the Passing of Distinguished Activist Joel Gustave Nana. Kuchu Times. Retrieved from https://www.kuchutimes.com/2015/10/obituary-africa-mourns-the-passing-of-distinguished-activist-joel-gustave-nana/ (2015). LGBTI activists mourn human rights veteran Joel Nana. 76 Crimes. Retrieved from https://76crimes.com/2015/10/16/activists-mourn-lgbt-rights-veteran-joel-nana/ Githahu, Mwangi. (2015). Controversial African LGBT activist Joël Nana passes away. Mamba Online. Retrieved from https://www.mambaonline.com/2015/10/16/controversial-african-lgbt-activist-joel-nana-passes-away/ Myers, JoAnne. (2013). Historical Dictionary of the Lesbian and Gay Liberation Movements. Scarecrow Press. Nana, Joel. (2006). Academic Challenges Un-African Myth. Behind the Mask. Retrieved by https://web.archive.org/web/20100430001031/http://www.mask.org.za/article.php?cat=cameroon&id=1392

Lexicographer, bartender and bon vivant Jesse Sheidlower rejoins the show to talk about his new project, the Historical Dictionary of Science Fiction. We get into the 20-year-old origins of the project and the ways it mirrors the development of the internet over that span, the importance of fandom and community in science fiction, how the culture transitioned away from treating SF & fanzines as ephemera, and his own history with the genre. We also discuss the ways in which the Oxford English Dictionary was the original crowdsourced project, how people misunderstand the mission & spirit of the OED, the variety of rabbit-holes a lexicographer can fall down, and my own experience creating a glossary for the pharma manufacturing industry. Plus, we talk about his pandemic life, the Threesome Tollbooth, and the post-COVID party he's planning! Follow Jesse on Twitter • More info at our site • Support The Virtual Memories Show via Patreon or Paypal

What’s a corpsicle? How old is the word hyperspace? Who was the first writer to use the term warp drive? These and many other terms can be found in the landmark work The Historical Dictionary of Science Fiction, and with us is the editor, lexicographer Jesse Sheidlower.

This episode will deal with Swiss neutrality from the end of the Napoleonic conflict up to and including the First World War. Special thanks for this episode go to the Historical Dictionary of Switzerland by Leo Schelbert as well as the chapter 'Neutral Tones' by Moeyes in Small Powers in the Age of Total War, 1900-1940. You can contact me at: historytompod@gmail.com

Musik: Girls Rituals - Black Cloud (Ada Rook Remix) (Bandcamp; CC BY-NC-ND) Kapitelchen 0:02:48 Science Fiction ist überall: Züge vs Adobe Flash 0:18:37 Retrofuturogames: Tony Hawk's Pro Skater Remaster 0:39:22 Fantastisch wissenschaftliche Sprachlichkeit: Historical Dictionary of Science Fiction 0:51:26 Audiorätsel 0:58:37 Let's Pause: Universal Paperclips 1:13:27 Zeitkapsel Shownotes Zum Thema Züge und Flash: golem.de: "Flash-Abschaltung legt Züge in China lahm" New York Times: "Update Complete: U.S. Nuclear Weapons No Longer Need Floppy Disks" golem.de: "Die Steuerbehörde in Südafrika hat es nicht geschafft, ihre Formulare von Flash zu migrieren" Martas Death-Stranding-Review Zum Thema Remastering: Polygon: "Tony Hawk’s Pro Skater 1 and 2 review: Coming home feels great" Borges' Geschichte über das Neu-Schreiben von Don Quixote: Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote (Wikipedia) Zum Thema historisches Sci-Fi-Wörterbuch: Historical Dictionary of Science Fiction (offizielle Webseite) Zum Audiorätsel: Was war es? (Spoiler!) Die erwähnte Folge von Trek am Dienstag Zum Pausenspiel: das Spiel: Universal Paperclips Polygon: "The 9 best sci-fi games imagining our next future" Polygon: "The 100 best games of the decade" Polygon: "What future artificial intelligence will think of our puny human video games" Dwarf Fortress (Wikipedia) Credits & Lizenz Cover: basierend auf Robert Fludd Metaphysik und Natur- und Kunstgeschichte beider Welten, nämlich des Makro- und des Mikrokosmos, 1617; Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons Musik: Girls Rituals - Black Cloud (Ada Rook Remix) (Bandcamp; CC BY-NC-ND) Diese Folge erscheint unter CC BY-NC-SA 3.0, d.h. gerne teilen, remixen, aber uns bitte erwähnen und ja kein Geld verdienen!

The Anglo – Zulu wars, a clash between the might of the British Empire with the African Zulu Kingdom, began in 1879.In 1874, Sir Henry Bartle Frere was appointed High Commissioner for Southern Africa. His mission was to bring the various African kingdoms, tribal areas, and Boer Republics together under British rule, modelled after the policy which brought the various states within Canada together under one political and military control. He was opposed by several forces, mainly the various independent Boer states, and the Zulu Kingdom, with its vast army.In order to bring the region and its tribes together under as part of the British Empire, Frere decided to go to war with the Zulu Kingdom. Working on his own, without the backing of his government, Frere issued an ultimatum to the Zulu King Cetshwayo on 11 December 1878. The demands proved impossible to comply with, and war was declared. The British forces, led by Lord Chelmsford, invaded Zululand. Many battles ensued, including a stunning Zulu victory at Isandlwana, and the near-collapse of the garrison at Rorke's Drift. However, in the end, the British were triumphant. The Zulu Nation would no longer be independent.The podcast is under an hour, brief but informative and the history hit you are looking for.Please review! Follow us and like on socials:Twitter @bhistorypodcasthttps://www.facebook.com/pg/bhistorypodcast/about/Narrator and Author - Andrew Knight @ajknight31Producer and Composer - Harry EdmondsonResourceshttps://www.amazon.co.uk/Zulu-Wars-Brief-History-e…https://itunes.apple.com/gb/book/the-zulu-wars-a-b…https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Zulu_WarArcher, Christon I.; Ferris, John R.; Herwig, Holger H.; Travers, Timothy H. E. (2008). World History of Warfare. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0-8032-1941-0.Barthorp, Michael (2002). The Zulu War: Isandhlwana to Ulundi. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-304-36270-0.Bourquin, S. (1978). "The Zulu military organization and the challenge of 1879". Military History Journal. 4 (4).Brookes, Edgar H; Webb, Colin de B. (1965). A History of Natal. Brooklyn: University of Natal Press. ISBN 0-86980-579-7.Colenso, Frances E. (1880). History of the Zulu War and Its Origin. Assisted by Edward Durnford. London: Chapman & Hall.David, Saul (February 2009). "The Forgotten Battles of the Zulu War". BBC History Magazine. 10 (2). pp. 26–33.Dutton, Roy (2010). Forgotten Heroes: Zulu & Basuto Wars including Complete Medal Roll. Infodial. ISBN 978-0-9556554-4-9.French, Gerald (2014) [1939]. Lord Chelmsford and the Zulu War. London: John Lane, The Bodley Head. ISBN 978-1-4738-3510-8.Giliomee, Hermann Buhr; Mbenga, Bernard (2007). New History of South Africa. Tafelberg. ISBN 978-0-624-04359-1.Gump, James O. (1996). The Dust Rose Like Smoke: The Subjugation of the Zulu and the Sioux. Bison Books. ISBN 0-8032-7059-3.Guy, Jeff (1994). The Destruction of the Zulu Kingdom: The Civil War in Zululand, 1879–1884. University of Natal Press. ISBN 978-0-86980-892-4.Knight, Ian (1995). Brave Men's Blood: The Epic of the Zulu War, 1879. Pen & Sword Military Classics. ISBN 978-1-84415-212-4.Knight, Ian (1996). Rorke's Drift, 1879: 'pinned Like Rats in a Hole'. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85532-506-7.Knight, Ian (2003). The Zulu War 1879. Osprey. ISBN 978-1-84176-612-6.Knight, Ian (2005). British Fortifications in Zululand 1879. Osprey. ISBN 978-1-84176-829-8.Knight, Ian; Castle, Ian (1999). British Army: Zulu War to the Boer War. Brassey's UK. ISBN 978-1-85753-284-5.Laband, John; Knight, Ian (1996). The Anglo-Zulu War. Stroud: Sutton. ISBN 0-86985-829-7.Laband, John (2009). Historical Dictionary of the Zulu Wars. Scarecrow. ISBN 978-0-8108-6300-2.Lock, Ron; Quantrill, Peter (2002). Zulu Victory: The Epic of Isandlwana and the Co

Rumors: an M1X chip, Apple's still-rumored car, and AirTags in March. iJustine takes a tumble Apple 'M1X' chip specification prediction appears on benchmark site Apple Car: Nissan talks failed over branding issues Volkswagen CEO Diess 'not afraid' of an Apple electric car Apple Seeds Second Betas of iOS 14.5 and iPadOS 14.5 to Developers Apple Seeds Second tvOS 14.5 Beta to Developers Apple Seeds Second Beta of watchOS 7.4 to Developers AirTags next month? (Jon Prosser) iOS 14.5 Beta Directs 'Safe Browsing' Traffic in Safari Through Apple Server Instead of Google to Protect Personal User Data Apple has won 3 Project Titan patents today relating to 3D AR Windshield Display, a Next-Gen Airbag System & more Facebook Meets Apple in Clash of the Tech Titans—'We Need to Inflict Pain' North Dakota senate votes down anti-App Store bill first given to lawmaker by Epic Games lobbyist All-in-one Microsoft Office app now available for iPad Apple offering free repairs for Apple Watch Series 5 and SE devices stuck in Power Reserve mode Apple Watch Is Now Worn on 100 Million Wrists Facebook Plans Smartwatch With Focus on Messaging, Health Picks of the Week Leo's pick: Hush Andy's pick: The Historical Dictionary of Science Fiction Rene's pick: Canon C70 Alex's pick: HOUSE: MARK I Hosts: Leo Laporte, Andy Ihnatko, Rene Ritchie, and Alex Lindsay Download or subscribe to this show at https://twit.tv/shows/macbreak-weekly. Sponsors: sandisk.com/macbreak itpro.tv/macbreak promo code MACBREAK30

Rumors: an M1X chip, Apple's still-rumored car, and AirTags in March. iJustine takes a tumble Apple 'M1X' chip specification prediction appears on benchmark site Apple Car: Nissan talks failed over branding issues Volkswagen CEO Diess 'not afraid' of an Apple electric car Apple Seeds Second Betas of iOS 14.5 and iPadOS 14.5 to Developers Apple Seeds Second tvOS 14.5 Beta to Developers Apple Seeds Second Beta of watchOS 7.4 to Developers AirTags next month? (Jon Prosser) iOS 14.5 Beta Directs 'Safe Browsing' Traffic in Safari Through Apple Server Instead of Google to Protect Personal User Data Apple has won 3 Project Titan patents today relating to 3D AR Windshield Display, a Next-Gen Airbag System & more Facebook Meets Apple in Clash of the Tech Titans—'We Need to Inflict Pain' North Dakota senate votes down anti-App Store bill first given to lawmaker by Epic Games lobbyist All-in-one Microsoft Office app now available for iPad Apple offering free repairs for Apple Watch Series 5 and SE devices stuck in Power Reserve mode Apple Watch Is Now Worn on 100 Million Wrists Facebook Plans Smartwatch With Focus on Messaging, Health Picks of the Week Leo's pick: Hush Andy's pick: The Historical Dictionary of Science Fiction Rene's pick: Canon C70 Alex's pick: HOUSE: MARK I Hosts: Leo Laporte, Andy Ihnatko, Rene Ritchie, and Alex Lindsay Download or subscribe to this show at https://twit.tv/shows/macbreak-weekly. Sponsors: sandisk.com/macbreak itpro.tv/macbreak promo code MACBREAK30

Rumors: an M1X chip, Apple's still-rumored car, and AirTags in March. iJustine takes a tumble Apple 'M1X' chip specification prediction appears on benchmark site Apple Car: Nissan talks failed over branding issues Volkswagen CEO Diess 'not afraid' of an Apple electric car Apple Seeds Second Betas of iOS 14.5 and iPadOS 14.5 to Developers Apple Seeds Second tvOS 14.5 Beta to Developers Apple Seeds Second Beta of watchOS 7.4 to Developers AirTags next month? (Jon Prosser) iOS 14.5 Beta Directs 'Safe Browsing' Traffic in Safari Through Apple Server Instead of Google to Protect Personal User Data Apple has won 3 Project Titan patents today relating to 3D AR Windshield Display, a Next-Gen Airbag System & more Facebook Meets Apple in Clash of the Tech Titans—'We Need to Inflict Pain' North Dakota senate votes down anti-App Store bill first given to lawmaker by Epic Games lobbyist All-in-one Microsoft Office app now available for iPad Apple offering free repairs for Apple Watch Series 5 and SE devices stuck in Power Reserve mode Apple Watch Is Now Worn on 100 Million Wrists Facebook Plans Smartwatch With Focus on Messaging, Health Picks of the Week Leo's pick: Hush Andy's pick: The Historical Dictionary of Science Fiction Rene's pick: Canon C70 Alex's pick: HOUSE: MARK I Hosts: Leo Laporte, Andy Ihnatko, Rene Ritchie, and Alex Lindsay Download or subscribe to this show at https://twit.tv/shows/macbreak-weekly. Sponsors: sandisk.com/macbreak itpro.tv/macbreak promo code MACBREAK30

Rumors: an M1X chip, Apple's still-rumored car, and AirTags in March. iJustine takes a tumble Apple 'M1X' chip specification prediction appears on benchmark site Apple Car: Nissan talks failed over branding issues Volkswagen CEO Diess 'not afraid' of an Apple electric car Apple Seeds Second Betas of iOS 14.5 and iPadOS 14.5 to Developers Apple Seeds Second tvOS 14.5 Beta to Developers Apple Seeds Second Beta of watchOS 7.4 to Developers AirTags next month? (Jon Prosser) iOS 14.5 Beta Directs 'Safe Browsing' Traffic in Safari Through Apple Server Instead of Google to Protect Personal User Data Apple has won 3 Project Titan patents today relating to 3D AR Windshield Display, a Next-Gen Airbag System & more Facebook Meets Apple in Clash of the Tech Titans—'We Need to Inflict Pain' North Dakota senate votes down anti-App Store bill first given to lawmaker by Epic Games lobbyist All-in-one Microsoft Office app now available for iPad Apple offering free repairs for Apple Watch Series 5 and SE devices stuck in Power Reserve mode Apple Watch Is Now Worn on 100 Million Wrists Facebook Plans Smartwatch With Focus on Messaging, Health Picks of the Week Leo's pick: Hush Andy's pick: The Historical Dictionary of Science Fiction Rene's pick: Canon C70 Alex's pick: HOUSE: MARK I Hosts: Leo Laporte, Andy Ihnatko, Rene Ritchie, and Alex Lindsay Download or subscribe to this show at https://twit.tv/shows/macbreak-weekly. Sponsors: sandisk.com/macbreak itpro.tv/macbreak promo code MACBREAK30

Rumors: an M1X chip, Apple's still-rumored car, and AirTags in March. iJustine takes a tumble Apple 'M1X' chip specification prediction appears on benchmark site Apple Car: Nissan talks failed over branding issues Volkswagen CEO Diess 'not afraid' of an Apple electric car Apple Seeds Second Betas of iOS 14.5 and iPadOS 14.5 to Developers Apple Seeds Second tvOS 14.5 Beta to Developers Apple Seeds Second Beta of watchOS 7.4 to Developers AirTags next month? (Jon Prosser) iOS 14.5 Beta Directs 'Safe Browsing' Traffic in Safari Through Apple Server Instead of Google to Protect Personal User Data Apple has won 3 Project Titan patents today relating to 3D AR Windshield Display, a Next-Gen Airbag System & more Facebook Meets Apple in Clash of the Tech Titans—'We Need to Inflict Pain' North Dakota senate votes down anti-App Store bill first given to lawmaker by Epic Games lobbyist All-in-one Microsoft Office app now available for iPad Apple offering free repairs for Apple Watch Series 5 and SE devices stuck in Power Reserve mode Apple Watch Is Now Worn on 100 Million Wrists Facebook Plans Smartwatch With Focus on Messaging, Health Picks of the Week Leo's pick: Hush Andy's pick: The Historical Dictionary of Science Fiction Rene's pick: Canon C70 Alex's pick: HOUSE: MARK I Hosts: Leo Laporte, Andy Ihnatko, Rene Ritchie, and Alex Lindsay Download or subscribe to this show at https://twit.tv/shows/macbreak-weekly. Sponsors: sandisk.com/macbreak itpro.tv/macbreak promo code MACBREAK30

Rumors: an M1X chip, Apple's still-rumored car, and AirTags in March. iJustine takes a tumble Apple 'M1X' chip specification prediction appears on benchmark site Apple Car: Nissan talks failed over branding issues Volkswagen CEO Diess 'not afraid' of an Apple electric car Apple Seeds Second Betas of iOS 14.5 and iPadOS 14.5 to Developers Apple Seeds Second tvOS 14.5 Beta to Developers Apple Seeds Second Beta of watchOS 7.4 to Developers AirTags next month? (Jon Prosser) iOS 14.5 Beta Directs 'Safe Browsing' Traffic in Safari Through Apple Server Instead of Google to Protect Personal User Data Apple has won 3 Project Titan patents today relating to 3D AR Windshield Display, a Next-Gen Airbag System & more Facebook Meets Apple in Clash of the Tech Titans—'We Need to Inflict Pain' North Dakota senate votes down anti-App Store bill first given to lawmaker by Epic Games lobbyist All-in-one Microsoft Office app now available for iPad Apple offering free repairs for Apple Watch Series 5 and SE devices stuck in Power Reserve mode Apple Watch Is Now Worn on 100 Million Wrists Facebook Plans Smartwatch With Focus on Messaging, Health Picks of the Week Leo's pick: Hush Andy's pick: The Historical Dictionary of Science Fiction Rene's pick: Canon C70 Alex's pick: HOUSE: MARK I Hosts: Leo Laporte, Andy Ihnatko, Rene Ritchie, and Alex Lindsay Download or subscribe to this show at https://twit.tv/shows/macbreak-weekly. Sponsors: sandisk.com/macbreak itpro.tv/macbreak promo code MACBREAK30

Rumors: an M1X chip, Apple's still-rumored car, and AirTags in March. iJustine takes a tumble Apple 'M1X' chip specification prediction appears on benchmark site Apple Car: Nissan talks failed over branding issues Volkswagen CEO Diess 'not afraid' of an Apple electric car Apple Seeds Second Betas of iOS 14.5 and iPadOS 14.5 to Developers Apple Seeds Second tvOS 14.5 Beta to Developers Apple Seeds Second Beta of watchOS 7.4 to Developers AirTags next month? (Jon Prosser) iOS 14.5 Beta Directs 'Safe Browsing' Traffic in Safari Through Apple Server Instead of Google to Protect Personal User Data Apple has won 3 Project Titan patents today relating to 3D AR Windshield Display, a Next-Gen Airbag System & more Facebook Meets Apple in Clash of the Tech Titans—'We Need to Inflict Pain' North Dakota senate votes down anti-App Store bill first given to lawmaker by Epic Games lobbyist All-in-one Microsoft Office app now available for iPad Apple offering free repairs for Apple Watch Series 5 and SE devices stuck in Power Reserve mode Apple Watch Is Now Worn on 100 Million Wrists Facebook Plans Smartwatch With Focus on Messaging, Health Picks of the Week Leo's pick: Hush Andy's pick: The Historical Dictionary of Science Fiction Rene's pick: Canon C70 Alex's pick: HOUSE: MARK I Hosts: Leo Laporte, Andy Ihnatko, Rene Ritchie, and Alex Lindsay Download or subscribe to this show at https://twit.tv/shows/macbreak-weekly. Sponsors: sandisk.com/macbreak itpro.tv/macbreak promo code MACBREAK30

Rumors: an M1X chip, Apple's still-rumored car, and AirTags in March. iJustine takes a tumble Apple 'M1X' chip specification prediction appears on benchmark site Apple Car: Nissan talks failed over branding issues Volkswagen CEO Diess 'not afraid' of an Apple electric car Apple Seeds Second Betas of iOS 14.5 and iPadOS 14.5 to Developers Apple Seeds Second tvOS 14.5 Beta to Developers Apple Seeds Second Beta of watchOS 7.4 to Developers AirTags next month? (Jon Prosser) iOS 14.5 Beta Directs 'Safe Browsing' Traffic in Safari Through Apple Server Instead of Google to Protect Personal User Data Apple has won 3 Project Titan patents today relating to 3D AR Windshield Display, a Next-Gen Airbag System & more Facebook Meets Apple in Clash of the Tech Titans—'We Need to Inflict Pain' North Dakota senate votes down anti-App Store bill first given to lawmaker by Epic Games lobbyist All-in-one Microsoft Office app now available for iPad Apple offering free repairs for Apple Watch Series 5 and SE devices stuck in Power Reserve mode Apple Watch Is Now Worn on 100 Million Wrists Facebook Plans Smartwatch With Focus on Messaging, Health Picks of the Week Leo's pick: Hush Andy's pick: The Historical Dictionary of Science Fiction Rene's pick: Canon C70 Alex's pick: HOUSE: MARK I Hosts: Leo Laporte, Andy Ihnatko, Rene Ritchie, and Alex Lindsay Download or subscribe to this show at https://twit.tv/shows/macbreak-weekly. Sponsors: sandisk.com/macbreak itpro.tv/macbreak promo code MACBREAK30

Rumors: an M1X chip, Apple's still-rumored car, and AirTags in March. iJustine takes a tumble Apple 'M1X' chip specification prediction appears on benchmark site Apple Car: Nissan talks failed over branding issues Volkswagen CEO Diess 'not afraid' of an Apple electric car Apple Seeds Second Betas of iOS 14.5 and iPadOS 14.5 to Developers Apple Seeds Second tvOS 14.5 Beta to Developers Apple Seeds Second Beta of watchOS 7.4 to Developers AirTags next month? (Jon Prosser) iOS 14.5 Beta Directs 'Safe Browsing' Traffic in Safari Through Apple Server Instead of Google to Protect Personal User Data Apple has won 3 Project Titan patents today relating to 3D AR Windshield Display, a Next-Gen Airbag System & more Facebook Meets Apple in Clash of the Tech Titans—'We Need to Inflict Pain' North Dakota senate votes down anti-App Store bill first given to lawmaker by Epic Games lobbyist All-in-one Microsoft Office app now available for iPad Apple offering free repairs for Apple Watch Series 5 and SE devices stuck in Power Reserve mode Apple Watch Is Now Worn on 100 Million Wrists Facebook Plans Smartwatch With Focus on Messaging, Health Picks of the Week Leo's pick: Hush Andy's pick: The Historical Dictionary of Science Fiction Rene's pick: Canon C70 Alex's pick: HOUSE: MARK I Hosts: Leo Laporte, Andy Ihnatko, Rene Ritchie, and Alex Lindsay Download or subscribe to this show at https://twit.tv/shows/macbreak-weekly. Sponsors: sandisk.com/macbreak itpro.tv/macbreak promo code MACBREAK30

Rumors: an M1X chip, Apple's still-rumored car, and AirTags in March. iJustine takes a tumble Apple 'M1X' chip specification prediction appears on benchmark site Apple Car: Nissan talks failed over branding issues Volkswagen CEO Diess 'not afraid' of an Apple electric car Apple Seeds Second Betas of iOS 14.5 and iPadOS 14.5 to Developers Apple Seeds Second tvOS 14.5 Beta to Developers Apple Seeds Second Beta of watchOS 7.4 to Developers AirTags next month? (Jon Prosser) iOS 14.5 Beta Directs 'Safe Browsing' Traffic in Safari Through Apple Server Instead of Google to Protect Personal User Data Apple has won 3 Project Titan patents today relating to 3D AR Windshield Display, a Next-Gen Airbag System & more Facebook Meets Apple in Clash of the Tech Titans—'We Need to Inflict Pain' North Dakota senate votes down anti-App Store bill first given to lawmaker by Epic Games lobbyist All-in-one Microsoft Office app now available for iPad Apple offering free repairs for Apple Watch Series 5 and SE devices stuck in Power Reserve mode Apple Watch Is Now Worn on 100 Million Wrists Facebook Plans Smartwatch With Focus on Messaging, Health Picks of the Week Leo's pick: Hush Andy's pick: The Historical Dictionary of Science Fiction Rene's pick: Canon C70 Alex's pick: HOUSE: MARK I Hosts: Leo Laporte, Andy Ihnatko, Rene Ritchie, and Alex Lindsay Download or subscribe to this show at https://twit.tv/shows/macbreak-weekly. Sponsors: sandisk.com/macbreak itpro.tv/macbreak promo code MACBREAK30

Rumors: an M1X chip, Apple's still-rumored car, and AirTags in March. iJustine takes a tumble Apple 'M1X' chip specification prediction appears on benchmark site Apple Car: Nissan talks failed over branding issues Volkswagen CEO Diess 'not afraid' of an Apple electric car Apple Seeds Second Betas of iOS 14.5 and iPadOS 14.5 to Developers Apple Seeds Second tvOS 14.5 Beta to Developers Apple Seeds Second Beta of watchOS 7.4 to Developers AirTags next month? (Jon Prosser) iOS 14.5 Beta Directs 'Safe Browsing' Traffic in Safari Through Apple Server Instead of Google to Protect Personal User Data Apple has won 3 Project Titan patents today relating to 3D AR Windshield Display, a Next-Gen Airbag System & more Facebook Meets Apple in Clash of the Tech Titans—'We Need to Inflict Pain' North Dakota senate votes down anti-App Store bill first given to lawmaker by Epic Games lobbyist All-in-one Microsoft Office app now available for iPad Apple offering free repairs for Apple Watch Series 5 and SE devices stuck in Power Reserve mode Apple Watch Is Now Worn on 100 Million Wrists Facebook Plans Smartwatch With Focus on Messaging, Health Picks of the Week Leo's pick: Hush Andy's pick: The Historical Dictionary of Science Fiction Rene's pick: Canon C70 Alex's pick: HOUSE: MARK I Hosts: Leo Laporte, Andy Ihnatko, Rene Ritchie, and Alex Lindsay Download or subscribe to this show at https://twit.tv/shows/macbreak-weekly. Sponsors: sandisk.com/macbreak itpro.tv/macbreak promo code MACBREAK30

Rumors: an M1X chip, Apple's still-rumored car, and AirTags in March. iJustine takes a tumble Apple 'M1X' chip specification prediction appears on benchmark site Apple Car: Nissan talks failed over branding issues Volkswagen CEO Diess 'not afraid' of an Apple electric car Apple Seeds Second Betas of iOS 14.5 and iPadOS 14.5 to Developers Apple Seeds Second tvOS 14.5 Beta to Developers Apple Seeds Second Beta of watchOS 7.4 to Developers AirTags next month? (Jon Prosser) iOS 14.5 Beta Directs 'Safe Browsing' Traffic in Safari Through Apple Server Instead of Google to Protect Personal User Data Apple has won 3 Project Titan patents today relating to 3D AR Windshield Display, a Next-Gen Airbag System & more Facebook Meets Apple in Clash of the Tech Titans—'We Need to Inflict Pain' North Dakota senate votes down anti-App Store bill first given to lawmaker by Epic Games lobbyist All-in-one Microsoft Office app now available for iPad Apple offering free repairs for Apple Watch Series 5 and SE devices stuck in Power Reserve mode Apple Watch Is Now Worn on 100 Million Wrists Facebook Plans Smartwatch With Focus on Messaging, Health Picks of the Week Leo's pick: Hush Andy's pick: The Historical Dictionary of Science Fiction Rene's pick: Canon C70 Alex's pick: HOUSE: MARK I Hosts: Leo Laporte, Andy Ihnatko, Rene Ritchie, and Alex Lindsay Download or subscribe to this show at https://twit.tv/shows/macbreak-weekly. Sponsors: sandisk.com/macbreak itpro.tv/macbreak promo code MACBREAK30

A new website called the Historical Dictionary of Science Fiction is taking us back through the words that have made sci-fi what it is and showing how much this genre has shaped popular culture. Plus: meet a planet that's barely orbiting a brown dwarf, some 450 light years from earth, a spot in the actual universe that seems more like science fiction. A New Way to Trace the History of Sci-Fi’s Made-Up Words (WIRED) The Weirdest Binary: Planet and Not-a-Star Barely Orbit Each Other (Bad Astronomy) Space is the place for us and our backers on Patreon, join us! --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/coolweirdawesome/message

New book "Q-Me?" My Star Trek Story tells the tale of how a 17-year-old writer got his script made into a real episode; the new Historical Dictionary of Science Fiction catalogs meanings and history of science fiction terminology; and the answer to this week’s Trek trivia. Support Daily Star Trek News on Patreon: https://patreon.com/dailystartreknews Subscribe on Apple Podcasts or Google Podcasts For more great Star Trek podcasts: https://podcasts.roddenberry.com Website: https://www.dailystartreknews.com Email: info@dailystartreknews.com Twitter and Instagram: @dailytreknews

New book "Q-Me?" My Star Trek Story tells the tale of how a 17-year-old writer got his script made into a real episode; the new Historical Dictionary of Science Fiction catalogs meanings and history of science fiction terminology; and the answer to this week's Trek trivia. Support Daily Star Trek News on Patreon: https://patreon.com/dailystartreknews Subscribe on Apple Podcasts or Google Podcasts For more great Star Trek podcasts: https://podcasts.roddenberry.com Website: https://www.dailystartreknews.com Email: info@dailystartreknews.com Twitter and Instagram: @dailytreknews

After the death of his father, Dr. Long began, what became a lifelong spiritual quest into the nature of life, death, rebirth, and consciousness. Dr. Jeffery D. Long is a leading authority in Religious Pluralism, the many paths to ultimate truth and realization of our oneness. Dr. Long is Professor of Religion and Asian Studies at Elizabethtown College, in Pennsylvania. Dr. Long is the author of four books including, A Vision for Hinduism, Jainism: An Introduction, the Historical Dictionary of Hinduism and, most recently, Hinduism in America: A Convergence of Worlds. In 2018, Dr. Long received the Hindu American Foundation’s Dharma Seva Award for his work to promote accurate and sensitive portrayals of Hindu traditions in the American education system and media. He has spoken conferences in India at which His Holiness, the Dalai Lama, has also talked. Dr Long has given talks at prestigious venues around the world, including Princeton University, Yale University, the University of Chicago, and three presentations in 2019 at the United Nations Headquarters, in New York. This is his story and this is his Passion. PASSIONATE DISCUSSIONS ABOUT - Conservative Catholic to embracing Hinduism - Jainism - Finding the Bhagavad Gita - Religious pluralism – many paths to truth/oneness - Vedanta philosophy - Hinduism - Opening the mind to possibilities - We are not out physical body? - What happens after we die? - Reincarnation and rebirth - One consciousness - Is the soul eternal - Why are we here? - What is suffering and why do we suffer? - Karma ‘work’ - Marriage and Relationships - Meditation – control over our thoughts and emotions SPREAD THE PASSION HOST: Luisa WEBSITE: https://passionharvest.com/ WATCH THIS INTERVIEW ON YOUTUBE https://youtu.be/Yn-7b1kbWgg PASSION HARVEST ON SOCIAL YOU TUBE: https://www.youtube.com/c/PassionHarvest/ INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/PassionHarvest/ FACEBOOK: https://www.facebook.com/Passionharvest SPOTIFY: https://open.spotify.com/show/3BogbavOan3FP1r1JXLxmV SOUNDCLOUD: https://soundcloud.com/user-796690230 ITUNES: https://podcasts.apple.com/au/podcast/passion-harvest/id1451566598 LEAVE A PODCAST REVIEW IN I TUNES http://getpodcast.reviews/id/1451566598 CONNECT WITH DR. JEFFERY D. LONG https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=aRrsKvYAAAAJ&hl=en https://www.etown.edu/depts/religious-studies/faculty.aspx BOOKS: Hinduism in America: A Convergence of Worlds and Perspectives on Reincarnation: https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/hinduism-in-america-9781474248457/ Hindu, Christian, and Scientific https://www.mdpi.com/books/pdfview/book/1097

On this week's episode we are celebrating the recent audiobook release for Sarah by JT LeRoy. We were joined in conversation with five of the people responsible for this project. I want to send a huge 'thank you' to Laura Albert, Winsome Brown, Nicole Gagne, Jayme Mattler, and Bryan Barney for taking the time to talk with me about this wonderful project. -------------------------------------------------------- This week's guests include:  LAURA ALBERT has won international acclaim for her fiction. Writing as JT LeRoy, she is the author of the best-selling novels Sarah and The  Heart Is Deceitful Above All Things, and the novella Harold's End. Sarah and The Heart Is Deceitful Above All Things, reissued by HarperCollins, have also been released as audiobooks by Blackstone Publishing. Laura  Albert is the subject of Jeff Feuerzeig's feature documentary Author: The JT LeRoy Story and Lynn Hershman Leeson's film The Ballad of JT LeRoy. http://lauraalbert.org/ ------------------------------------------------------ Winsome Brown is an Obie-award winning performer whose solo theater work has been seen at La MaMa, The Performing Garage, and the Edinburgh Fringe, and has received accolades from The New York Times, the Scotsman and many more.  Recent film and TV work includes Supergirl, Elementary, and the upcoming News of the World with Tom Hanks.   http://winsomebrown.com/ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Nicole V. Gagné is a writer and editor who works with Laura Albert. She is the co-author of Soundpieces: Interviews with American Composers, and the author of Sonic Transports: New Frontiers in Our Music,  Soundpieces 2: Interviews with American Composers, and The Historical Dictionary of Modern and Contemporary Classical Music, now in its second edition. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Jayme Mattler directed the audiobook for Sarah. https://www.jaymemattler.com/  ----------------------------------------------------- Bryan Barney produced the audiobook for Blackstone Publishing.  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  Kyler Bingham is the host of the Salt Lake Dirt Podcast. www.saltlakedirt.com

The Gourmands and Geeks; the 2Gs, Sadaf and Archit are here to sweeten your lives with a discussion on laddoos in this week’s episode. They discuss the origins of laddoo as a health food, some of its most iconic versions and ponder over questions such as: should laddoo be India’s national sweet? Why do we now make laddoos mostly with refined sugar? Is laddoo an aphrodisiac? Why would someone name their shop ‘Thaggu Ke Laddoo'? Important links to geek out more:KT Achaya’s A Historical Dictionary of Indian FoodLaddoo: Temptations That Were Born As TonicsThe Sugarcane Mafia and Big Seed Multinationals Rob Marathwada of its LifelineHow to harness the pratfall effectYou can follow Sadaf Hussain & Archit Puri on their Instagram handle: @sadaf_hussain @thehustlinggluttonYou can listen to this show and other awesome shows on the IVM Podcasts app on Android: https://ivm.today/android or iOS: https://ivm.today/ios, or any other podcast app.You can check out our website at http://www.ivmpodcasts.com/

Il primo special della seconda stagione è dedicato al (inspiegabilmente) dimenticato regista polacco Krzysztof Zanussi, in particolare ai suoi film giovanili (con cenni a due opere della maturità che affrontano tematiche simili). Il conflitto tra passione e razionalità scientifica, le derive del misticismo, i dissidi generazionali, la lotta per affermare la libertà individuale, ma soprattutto i finali "aperti" e le irrisolte contraddizioni di un cinema fatto perlopiù di inevase domande. Film trattati: La struttura del cristallo (1969) Vita di famiglia (1971) Illuminazione (1973) Colori Mimetici (1977) La costante (1980) La vita come malattia fatale sessualmente trasmessa (2000) Supplemento (2002) Bibliografia consultata: Paolo D'Agostini, "Krzysztof Zanussi", Il Castoro Cinema, 1980 Boleslaw Michalek, "The Cinema of Krzysztof Zanussi" in "Film Quarterly" Vol. 26 N. 3, 1973 Marek Haltof, "Historical Dictionary of Polish Cinema", The Scarecrow Press Inc, 2007 Partecipanti: Dario Denta Ettore Bianchi Alessandro Valenti Youtube: https://youtu.be/yoG3WcEBMjI Logo creato da: Massimo Valenti Sigla e post-produzione a cura di: Alessandro Valenti Per il jingle della sigla si ringraziano: Alessandro Corti e Gianluca Nardo

In the second of two episodes about Black Americans and Shakespeare, we talk with scholars Marvin MacAllister and Ayanna Thompson about the period between the end of the Civil War and the 1950s: from Reconstruction, through the period of Jim Crow segregation, and into the Civil Rights Era. We’ll take a look at landmark performances like Orson Welles’s 1936 all-Black Macbeth and Paul Robeson’s groundbreaking Othello. We’ll also hear a less familiar story that dramatizes the tensions surrounding Shakespeare in the Black American theater—one set at Washington, DC’s Howard University, where a young Toni Morrison played Queen Elizabeth in the university’s production of Richard III in the early 1950s. Ayanna Thompson is a Professor of English and the director of the Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies at Arizona State University. Marvin McAllister is an Associate Professor of Theatre at Winthrop University in Rock Hill, South Carolina. They are interviewed by Rebecca Sheir. From the Shakespeare Unlimited podcast. ©Folger Shakespeare Library. All rights reserved. This podcast episode, "Our Own Voices with Our Own Tongues," was originally published January 28, 2015, and rebroadcast with an updated introduction September 1, 2020. This episode was produced by Richard Paul. Garland Scott is the associate producer. It was edited by Gail Kern Paster and Esther Ferington. Esther French and Ben Lauer are the web producers. Special thanks Dr. James Hatch, co-author, with the late Errol Hill, of A History of African American Theatre; Connie Winston, Anthony Hill and Doug Barnett, co-authors of The Historical Dictionary of African American Theatre; and Jobie Sprinkle and Tena Simmons at radio station WFAE in Charlotte, North Carolina.

Neste episódio falo sobre como a revolução francesa foi dolorosa para a religião católica e como devemos analizar os movimentos que são revolucionários. Referências : Hanson, Paul R. (2004). Historical Dictionary of the French Revolution. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press. Jordan, David P. (1985). The Revolutionary Career of Maximilien Robespierre. [S.l.]: University of Chicago Press. Kennedy, Emmet (1989). A Cultural History of the French Revolution. [S.l.]: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-04426-7

Show Notes This week, we recap, review, and analyze Mobile Suit Zeta Gundam (機動戦士Ζガンダム) episode 20 - The Heated Escape (灼熱の脱出), discuss our first impressions, and provide commentary and research on the inspiration for the Titan's New Guinea Base, and solid rocket boosters. - Wikipedia page for New Guinea. - Google maps link for Lae.- General New Guinea pre-colonial and colonial history from the official Papua New Guinea travel website, thecommonwealth.org, and the Wikipedia pages for the Territory of Papua and Western New Guinea.- Additional articles about New Guinea's pre-colonial and colonial history:The Economist. Papua New Guinea’s incredible linguistic diversity. July 20, 2017. https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2017/07/20/papua-new-guineas-incredible-linguistic-diversityQuanchi, M. and Robson, J. Historical Dictionary of the Discovery and Exploration of the Pacific Islands, Maryland: Scarecrow (2005).- Information about New Guinea's pre-history and agricultural revolution:Harari, Y. N. Sapiens: A brief history of humankind. New York: Harper (2015).Sack Peter. German New Guinea: a reluctant plantation colony?. In: Journal de la Société des océanistes, n°82-83, tome 42, 1986. Les plantations dans le Pacifique Sud. pp. 109-127. Available at https://doi.org/10.3406/jso.1986.2826 Historical Section of the Foreign Office, Dutch New Guinea and the Molucca Islands. London: H.M. Stationery Office (1920). Available at: https://dl.wdl.org/11918/service/11918.pdfPouwer, Jan. “The Colonisation, Decolonisation and Recolonisation of West New Guinea.” The Journal of Pacific History, vol. 34, no. 2, 1999, pp. 157–179. JSTOR, . - Wikipedia pages for various aspects of the Lae Campaign in World War II: the New Guinea campaign as a whole, the Salamaua Lae campaign, and the landing at Nadzab.- US army newsreels about the Lae campaign. Please be aware that these were made during the war and they both contain frequent uses of exactly the anti-Japanese slur that you would expect.- About the Free Papua Movement and Indonesian Annexation of West Papua.- Histories of the Conflict:https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/asiapacific-region/indonesiairian-jaya-1963-present/Schnabel Albrecht, Gunaratna Rohan. Wars From Within: Understanding And Managing Insurgent Movements. World Scientific (2014).King, Peter. West Papua & Indonesia Since Suharto: Independence, Autonomy, or Chaos? UNSW (2004). Belford, Aubrey. "An Indonesian War of 'Unknown Persons'" The International Herald Tribune, Aug. 27, 2011. Available at: https://nyti.ms/2BmIM90.- Reports on human rights abuses from the conflict:Brundige et al. Indonesian Human Rights Abuses in West Papua: Application of the Law of Genocide to the History of Indonesian Control. Allard K. Lowenstein International Human Rights Clinic at Yale Law School. Available at: https://law.yale.edu/sites/default/files/documents/pdf/Intellectual_Life/West_Papua_final_report.pdf Amnesty International. INDONESIA: "DON'T BOTHER, JUST LET HIM DIE": KILLING WITH IMPUNITY IN PAPUA. July 2, 2018. Available at: https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/asa21/8198/2018/en/.- About the development of the space shuttle Columbia and its first launch and return.- History of the space shuttle program.- NASA overview page for the space shuttle program, with links to more detailed information on the science and history.- Some great photos of space shuttles before and during launch, during transport, and docked with Mir space station.- NASA page from before the end of the space shuttle program, with overview, statistics, and a photograph of a shuttle with the different major components labeled.- Wikipedia pages on solid rocket boosters. This one is very technical - digs into the science of how all the different components work together at different stages, and has good diagrams. This one is more general, and discusses the pros and cons of solid rocket boosters compared to liquid propellant rockets.- About Newtons (unit of measurement).- Wikipedia page on reusable launch systems, with additional information about post-space shuttle program projects, especially in the private sector. You can subscribe to the Mobile Suit Breakdown for free! on fine Podcast services everywhere and on YouTube, follow us on twitter @gundampodcast, check us out at gundampodcast.com, email your questions, comments, and complaints to gundampodcast@gmail.com.Mobile Suit Breakdown wouldn't exist without the support of our fans and Patrons! You can join our Patreon to support the podcast and enjoy bonus episodes, extra out-takes, behind-the-scenes photo and video, MSB gear, and much more!The intro music is WASP by Misha Dioxin, and the outro is Long Way Home by Spinning Ratio, both licensed under Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license. Both have been edited for length. Mobile Suit Breakdown provides critical commentary and is protected by the Fair Use clause of the United States Copyright law. Gundam content is copyright and/or trademark of Sunrise Inc., Bandai, Sotsu Agency, or its original creator. Mobile Suit Breakdown is in no way affiliated with or endorsed by Sunrise, Bandai, Sotsu, or any of their subsidiaries, employees, or associates and makes no claim to own Gundam or any of the copyrights or trademarks related to it. Copyrighted content used in Mobile Suit Breakdown is used in accordance with the Fair Use clause of the United States Copyright law. Any queries should be directed to gundampodcast@gmail.comFind out more at http://gundampodcast.com

Jeffery D. Long is Professor of Religion and Asian Studies at Elizabethtown College, in Elizabethtown, Pennsylvania, where he has taught since receiving his PhD from the University of Chicago Divinity School in 2000. He is the editor, most recently, of the volume Perspectives on Reincarnation: Hindu, Christian, and Scientific, as well as the co-editor of the Buddhism and Jainism volumes of the Encyclopedia of Indian Religions. He is also the author of numerous scholarly articles and three books, A Vision for Hinduism; Jainism: An Introduction; and the Historical Dictionary of Hinduism (which will soon be published in a second edition). He is in the process of publishing two more books, Hinduism in America: A Convergence of Worlds and Indian Philosophy: An Introduction. Last summer, he received the Hindu American Foundation’s Dharma Seva Award for his efforts to ensure more accurate and culturally sensitive presentations of Hindu traditions in the American education system. In this, our second interview with Jeffery, we spoke almost exclusively about reincarnation. Learn more about Jeffery Long here: https://www.etown.edu/depts/religious-studies/faculty.aspx

Kevin Murray is a Senior Lecturer in The Department of Early and Medieval Irish in University College Cork. His research interests include medieval Irish language and literature (particularly the Finn Cycle), and textual editing. He is also one of the editors of the Locus project which is creating a new Historical Dictionary of Gaelic Placenames to replace Fr Edmund Hogan's Onomasticon Goedelicum. Conference by the Royal Irish Academy Library in partnership with Roinn na Sean-Ghaeilge, Ollscoil Mhá Nuad. The Royal Irish Academy manuscript known by its shelfmark ‘23 N 10' was produced in Ballycummin, Co. Roscommon, in the sixteenth century. It is an extraordinarily important manuscript for many reasons, but it is particularly significant because it contains tales which are amongst the oldest surviving literature in Irish. These tales would originally have been preserved in a now-lost manuscript called Cín Dromma Snechta. Aside from wonderful examples of Old Irish narrative literature, the manuscript also preserves legal texts, poetry and wisdom literature from early medieval Ireland. This two-day conference will explore all aspects of the production, survival and significance of the ‘Book of Ballycummin' and the marvels of medieval Irish literature which are contained within it. Described in the nineteenth century as a ‘little remnant of the work of the ancients', this manuscript is a remarkable witness to the earliest development of Irish literature. Location: Academy House Date: 8 March, 2019 Disclaimer: The Royal Irish Academy has prepared this content responsibly and carefully, but disclaims all warranties, express or implied, as to the accuracy of the information contained in any of the materials. The views expressed are the authors' own and not those of the Royal Irish Academy.

Brenden Rensink, BYU historian and assistant director of the Charles Redd Center, talks about how his trail-running hobby influences his scholarship. Brenden W. Rensink (Ph.D., 2010) is the Assistant Director of the Charles Redd Center for Western Studies and an Assistant Professor of History at Brigham Young University. Rensink recently published the monograph book, Native but Foreign: Indigenous Immigrants and Refugees in the North American Borderlands (https://amzn.to/2llJTxJ) (Connecting the Greater West Series, Texas A&M University Press, 2018), co-editor of the forthcoming anthology, Essays on American Indian and Mormon History (University of Utah Press, 2019), co-editor of Documents Vol. 4, (https://amzn.to/2JZ3v6q) and Documents Vol. 6 (https://amzn.to/2DBhgrB) of the award-winning Joseph Smith Papers (https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/articles/awards) projects (Church Historians Press, 2016, 2017), co-author of the Historical Dictionary of the American Frontier (https://amzn.to/2FjmN83) (Rowman & Littlefield, 2015), and author multiple articles, book chapters, and reviews. (http://www.bwrensink.org/scholarship-publications/) Rensink helps manage events, programming, awards, and research at the BYU Redd Center. He also created and directs two ongoing public history initiatives for the Redd Center: serving as the Project Manager and General Editor of the Intermountain Histories (http://www.intermountainhistories.org/) digital public history project and as the Host and Producer of the Writing Westward Podcast. (http://reddcenter.byu.edu/pages/writing-westward-podcast) His current research projects include consulting with the Native American Rights Fund, editing a collection of essays on 21st Century West History, and a writing new cultural and environmental history monograph tracing experience in, perception of, and recreation in Western American wilderness landscapes. Jeff Nichols and Brent Olson co-direct the Institute for Mountain Research (http://mountainresearch.org) and our 2018-2019 Mountain Fellows are Katie Saad and Naomi Shapiro. Our theme song is “Home” by Pixie and the Partygrass Boys. (https://www.pixieandthepartygrassboys.com). As Naomi likes to say, “They are awesome and you should check them out.” Special Guest: Brenden Rensink.

This week, due to popular demand, Christopher reads another of his papers from 2017. A paper entitled: Was the Cultural Revolution Mao's personal power struggle? All about Moa's power struggle to retain his reign over the People's Republic of China. Please note that this was written as an academic exercise, and is entirely based on fact, there is no opinion included in this podcast or paper. Bibliography Baum, Richard. Burying Mao: Chinese politics in the age of Deng Xiaoping. Princeton University Press, 1996. Bridgham, Philip. "Mao's Cultural Revolution in 1967: the struggle to seize power." Intelligence Report, CIA, 24 may 1968 Chan, Anita. Children of Mao: Personality development and political activism in the Red Guard generation. Springer, 1985. Chan, Anita, Stanley Rosen, and Jonathan Unger, Students and class warfare: the social roots of the Red Guard conflict in Guangzhou (Canton), China Quarterly (1980): 397-446. Clark, Paul, Youth culture in China: From red guards to netizens, Cambridge University Press, 2012. Cohen, Paul A. "Remembering and forgetting national humiliation in twentieth-century China." Twentieth-Century China 27.2, 2002,1-39. Deng, Zhong, and Donald J. Treiman. "The impact of the cultural revolution on trends in educational attainment in the people's republic of china 1." American journal of sociology 103.2 (1997): 391-428. Domes, Jürgen, and Marie-Luise Näth. China After the Cultural Revolution: Politics Between Two Party Congresses. Univ of California Press, 1977. Gao, Mobo CF. Gao village: a portrait of rural life in modern China. University of Hawaii Press, 1999. Gao, Mobo. The battle for China's past: Mao and the Cultural Revolution. Pluto press, 2008. Jian, Guo, Yongyi Song, and Yuan Zhou. Historical Dictionary of the Chinese Cultural Revolution. Rowman & Littlefield, 2015. Jiang, Ji-li. Red scarf girl. HarperCollins World, 1999. Kleinman, Arthur, and Joan Kleinman. "How bodies remember: Social memory and bodily experience of criticism, resistance, and delegitimation following China's cultural revolution." New Literary History 25.3 (1994): 707-723. Lifton, Robert Jay. Thought Reform and the Psychology of Totalism: A Study of" brainwashing" in China. UNC Press Books, 1989. Lu, Xing. Rhetoric of the Chinese cultural revolution: The impact on Chinese thought, culture, and communication. Univ of South Carolina Press, 2004. MacFarquhar, Roderick, and Michael Schoenhals. Mao's last revolution. Harvard University Press, 2009. Mao, Tsetung, Quotations from Chairman Mao Tsetung, Foreign Languages Press, Peking, 1976 Mao, Zedong, Six Essays on Military Affairs, Foreign Languages Press, Peking, 1972 Ning, Zhang. "The political origins of death penalty exceptionalism Mao Zedong and the practice of capital punishment in contemporary China." Punishment & Society 10.2 (2008): 117-136. Schoenhals, Michael, and Roderick MacFarquhar. "Mao's Last Revolution." (2006). Schram, Stuart Reynolds, Mao Zedong, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1998 Spence, Jonathan. The Search for Modern China. 2nd ed. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1999. p575 Walder, Andrew G., and Yang Su. "The cultural revolution in the countryside: Scope, timing and human impact." The China Quarterly 173 (2003): 74-99. White III, Lynn T. Policies of chaos: the organizational causes of violence in China's Cultural Revolution. Princeton University Press, 2014. Zhou, Xueguang, and Liren Hou. "Children of the Cultural Revolution: The state and the life course in the People's Republic of China." American Sociological Review (1999): 12-36.

A history of the Leopard Men, a murderous - sometimes - animistic cult in Central Africa.  Also other similar African groups, the Crocodile Men, Baboon Society and Lion-Men or Mbojo are dealt with.  Finally, we detour briefly to South America and take a quick look at the legends of werejaguars in the armies of an Argentine general.   Sources Aldridge, Thomas Joshua. A Transformed Colony: Sierra Leone as it Was, and as it Is, Its Progress, Peoples, Native Customs and Undeveloped Wealth. London: Seeley & Co., 1910. Ambrosetti, Juan. “The Legend of the Yaguarete-Aba; the Indian Tiger, and its Projections among the Guaranies, Quichuas, etc.” Annals of the Argentine Scientific Society 41 (1896). Beatty, K.J. Human Leopards: An Account of the Trials of Human Leopards Before the Special Commission Court. London: Hugh Rees, 1915. Fyle, Magbaily C. Historical Dictionary of Sierra Leone. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow, 2006. Howard, Robert E. “Man-Eaters of Zamboula.” http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks06/0600791h.html Miller, Ivor L. “Bongo Ita: Leopard Society Music and Language in West Africa, Western Cuba, and New York City.” African and Black Diaspora: An International Journal 5:1 (January 2012). Retrieved from: http://people.bu.edu/imiller/pubs/Miller%202012.pdf Miller, Ivor and Mathew Ojong. “Ekpe 'Leopard' Society in Africa and the Americas: Influence and Values of an Ancient Tradition.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 36:2 (2013). Retrieved from: http://www.afrocubaweb.com/ivormiller/Miller-Ojong2012-s.pdf Pratten, David. The Man-Leopard Murders: History and Society in Colonial Nigeria. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2007. “The Influence of Islam on African Native Law – II.” In The Moslem World, Vol. 11 (S.M. Zwemer, ed.). Harrisburg, PA: Missionary Review, 1921. Van Bockhaven, Vicky. “Leopard-men of the Congo in Literature and Popular Imagination.” Tydskrif vir Letterkunde 46:1 (January 2009). Retrieved from: http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0041-476X2009000100006  

David Peace, Natasha Pulley, Yuna Tasaka and Jasper Sharp join Rana Mitter. Ryūnosuke Akutagawa's short story 'In a Grove', published in 1922, became the basis for the 1950 film from Akira Kurosawa 'Rashōmon', one of the first Japanese films to gain worldwide critical acclaim. 'The Rashōmon Effect' has become a byword for the literary technique where the same event is presented via the different and incompatible testimonies from the characters involved. David Peace's new book 'Patient X' is a novelised response to Ryūnosuke Akutagawa's last years and his death by suicide at the age of 35. Natasha Pulley is a novelist and Japanophile with a particular interest in Japanese literature of the 1920s, and in the unreliable narrator implied by use of the Rashōmon Effect. And Jasper Sharp is a writer and curator, author of the Historical Dictionary of Japanese Cinema. Producer: Luke Mulhall

The world's longest airplane flight took place in 1958, when two aircraft mechanics spent 64 days above the southwestern U.S. in a tiny Cessna with no amenities. In this week's episode of the Futility Closet podcast we'll follow the aerial adventures of Bob Timm and John Cook as they set a record that still stands today. We'll also consider a derelict kitty and puzzle over a movie set's fashion dictates. Intro: The Pythagorean theorem can be demonstrated using tangrams. Sculptor Marc Quinn molded a self-portrait from nine pints of his own frozen blood. Sources for our feature on Bob Timm and John Cook: Peter Garrison, "Beyond Endurance," Flying 144:2 (February 2017), 80-81. Marc C. Lee, "A Skyhawk for Everyone: Cessna's Hit Airplane Keeps Getting Better With Age," Plane and Pilot 48:2 (March 2012), 26-30,32-33. "From the Editor's Desk," Cessna Pilot 34:2 (March/April 2014), 2. "Endurance Test, Circa 1958," News & Videos, Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association, March 1, 2008. Shaun McKinnon, "They Kept a Tiny Plane Aloft for Months," Arizona Republic, April 14, 2013, A1. Warren Bates, "Plane Used to Set Record to Land at Airport Museum," Las Vegas Review, Feb. 11, 1999, 1B. "Hall of Fame," SP's Aviation, July 2015. Gannett News Service, "Risk Takers Make Long Flights Into History," April 13, 2013. George C. Larson, "The Pressure's On," Air & Space Smithsonian 27:1 (April/May 2012), 84. "Museum Honors City," Las Vegas Review-Journal, April 21, 1997, 2D. Ginger Mikkelsen, "Aviation Museum Draws 400,000 Annual Visitors," Las Vegas Review-Journal, June 13, 2001, 20AA. Anders Clark, "The Flight Endurance World Record," Disciples of Flight, Jan. 20, 2015. "Robert E. Timm & John W. Cook, Sr.," Nevada Aerospace Hall of Fame (accessed Feb. 11, 2018). Barry Meek, "The Longest Flight In History - In a Cessna 172," Santa Clara County Airports (accessed Feb. 11, 2018). Shaun McKinnon, "Risk Takers Make Long Flights Into History," Arizona Republic, April 14, 2013. Rebecca Maksel, "Airborne for 64 Days," Air & Space Smithsonian, March 22, 2012. Fred Martin, A Reminiscence Over Old Airplanes, 2010. Listener mail: Helena Horton, "Battersea Has Been Trying to Get Parliament to Adopt a Cat Since 2014 -- and Has Two Which Are Perfect for Mousing," Telegraph, Aug. 17, 2017. Ben Glaze, "'Lazy' Larry the Cat Is So Bad at Killing Downing Street Mice That Pest Controllers Have Been Brought In," Mirror, Feb. 13, 2018. Wikipedia, "Ooka Tadasuke" (accessed March 2, 2018). Roman Cybriwsky, Historical Dictionary of Tokyo, 2011. Kerry Segrave, Lie Detectors: A Social History, 2003. Wikipedia, "Sky Burial" (accessed March 2, 2018). Meg Van Huygen, "Give My Body to the Birds: The Practice of Sky Burial," Atlas Obscura, March 11, 2014. The "Buzzard Lope" performed at the Berlin Blues Explosion 2017. This week's lateral thinking puzzle is based on an item that Sharon read in Dan Lewis' Now I Know newsletter (warning -- this link spoils the puzzle). You can listen using the player above, download this episode directly, or subscribe on iTunes or Google Play Music or via the RSS feed at http://feedpress.me/futilitycloset. Please consider becoming a patron of Futility Closet -- on our Patreon page you can pledge any amount per episode, and we've set up some rewards to help thank you for your support. You can also make a one-time donation on the Support Us page of the Futility Closet website. Many thanks to Doug Ross for the music in this episode. If you have any questions or comments you can reach us at podcast@futilitycloset.com. Thanks for listening!

In 1856, an American clipper ship was approaching Cape Horn when its captain collapsed, leaving his 19-year-old wife to navigate the vessel through one of the deadliest sea passages in the world. In this week's episode of the Futility Closet podcast we'll tell the story of Mary Patten and the harrowing voyage of the Neptune's Car. We'll also consider some improbable recipes and puzzle over a worker's demise. Intro: In 1943, the U.S. considered releasing glowing foxes in Japan to frighten Shintoists. Rice University chemist James Tour fashions stick figures from organic molecules. Sources for our feature on Mary Patten: Paul W. Simpson, Neptune's Car: An American Legend, 2018. Glenn A. Knoblock, The American Clipper Ship, 1845-1920, 2014. Sam Jefferson, Clipper Ships and the Golden Age of Sail, 2014. David Cordingly, Seafaring Women, 2010. Jane D. Lyon, The Great Clippers, 2016. Bill Caldwell, Rivers of Fortune, 2002. Julie Baker, "The Troubled Voyage of Neptune's Car," American History 39:6 (February 2005), 58-65. Raymond A. Rydell, "The California Clippers," Pacific Historical Review 18:1 (February 1949), 70-83. Ann Whipple Marr, "Mary Ann Brown Patten," Oxford Dictionary of American National Biography, Dec. 2, 1999. "Neptune's Car," Ships of the World, 1997, 356. Kenneth J. Blume, Historical Dictionary of the U.S. Maritime Industry, 2012. "Mary Patten, 19 and Pregnant, Takes Command of a Clipper Ship in 1856," New England Historical Society (accessed Feb. 2, 2018). "The Story of Mary Patten," National Sailing Hall of Fame (accessed Feb. 2, 2018). "Women in Maritime History," San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park, National Park Service (accessed Feb. 2, 2018). Alan Flanders, "Clipper Neptune's Car Saved From Disaster by Quick-Learning Wife of Stricken Skipper," [Norfolk] Virginian-Pilot, Oct. 15, 2000, 3. George Tucker, "Woman's Touch Helped Clipper Ship Make History," [Norfolk] Virginian-Pilot, Nov. 14, 1999, B3. Joanne Lannin and Ray Routhier, "The Ladies of Maine," Portland Press Herald, March 13, 1996, 1C. "A Noble Woman," Sailor's Magazine, April 1857. "A Heroine of the Sea," Friends' Intelligencer 14 (1857), 46-47. "A Heroine Arrived -- The Young Wife Who Took Neptune's Car Around Cape Horn," New York Times, March 18, 1857. "A Wife Worth Having," New York Times, Feb. 21, 1857. "Report of the Select Committee on the Rights of Married Women," Journal of the House of Representatives of the State of Ohio, 1857, 110. "Modern Female Heroism," Annual Register, March 1857. "The Heroic Mrs. Patten," Boston Evening Transcript, June 23, 1857. "Marine Matters," New York Times, March 24, 1857. "Neptune's Car," New York Times, July 27, 1857. "Funeral of Capt. Joshua A. Patten," New York Times, Aug. 31, 1857. "Personal," New York Times, Sept. 23, 1857. "Marine Matters," New York Times, March 20, 1857. "Personal," New York Times, March 20, 1861. Listener mail: Jeffrey Gettleman and Kai Schultz, "India's Punishment for Plant-Eating Donkeys: Jail Time," New York Times, Nov. 28, 2017. Faiz Siddiqui, "Donkeys Destroy Plants, 'Jailed' for 4 Days in Orai," Times of India, Nov. 28, 2017. "50,000 Meows by @hugovk," github, Nov. 1, 2014. "Delicious Recipes," scootah.com (accessed Feb. 23, 2018). Wikipedia, "Echo Answer" (accessed Feb. 23, 2018). Lindsay Flint sent this example of answering yes/no questions in Welsh. This week's lateral thinking puzzle was contributed by listener Gillian Brent. You can listen using the player above, download this episode directly, or subscribe on iTunes or Google Play Music or via the RSS feed at http://feedpress.me/futilitycloset. Please consider becoming a patron of Futility Closet -- on our Patreon page you can pledge any amount per episode, and we've set up some rewards to help thank you for your support. You can also make a one-time donation on the Support Us page of the Futility Closet website. Many thanks to Doug Ross for the music in this episode. If you have any questions or comments you can reach us at podcast@futilitycloset.com. Thanks for listening!

For nearly 200 years, China has looked to the west as the source of the most modern and cutting-edge technologies. From the Self-Strengthening Movement in the 19th century to the 13th Five-Year Plan (2016-2020) and Made in China 2025, Chinese leaders have consistently sought to foster homegrown technologies and scientific discovery that can compete on a global stage. In 2015, Dr. Tu Youyou became China’s first Nobel Laureate in science after her breakthrough in malaria treatments that has saved millions of lives. Yet China still has numerous technological challenges; from the lackluster performance of its chipmakers to protecting air quality. How has China’s uneven emergence as a technological player shaped the Sino-American relationship? Nancy Liu and Lawrence Sullivan, the authors of the Historical Dictionary of Science and Technology in Modern China, addressed this question in a discussion with National Committee President Stephen Orlins on November 8, 2017, in New York. Nancy Liu is the recipient of a Ph.D. in molecular and cellular pharmacology from Stony Brook State University. She is a cancer research scientist on the faculty of the College of Staten Island in the Department of Biology and the medical technology program. She previously worked at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory and the Zuckerman Research Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering. With a Ph.D. in political science from the University of Michigan where he studied with Professors Richard Solomon, Michel Oksenberg, and Harriet Mills, Lawrence R. Sullivan is an emeritus professor, Adelphi University. He also taught at Wellesley College, Brown University, Miami University, Ohio, and the University of Michigan. The National Committee on U.S.-China Relations (www.ncuscr.org) is the leading nonprofit nonpartisan organization that encourages understanding of China and the United States among citizens of both countries.

If you enjoy this podcast, consider buying me a coffee: https://adamstoner.com/support ‘Defying Conventions: Is Beats 1 Redefining Radio?' was originally submitted as part of a University of Gloucestershire Radio Production module. With the exception of two small typographical changes, this essay is posted exactly as it was submitted. Appendices have been redacted but bibliography and in-line references remain – get in touch if you need to chase anything. Apple's annual World Wide Developer Conference is a showcase of the company's latest software and technology. Described by CEO Tim Cook as the ‘epicentre of change', 2015 marked their ‘most global conference ever' (Apple, 2015), a fitting stage to announce their new ‘worldwide' and ‘always on' internet radio station, Beats 1. The announcement of Beats 1 came as a footnote to an addendum. The presentation mainly dealt with Apple's latest technological offering, ‘Apple Music' – a streaming service and social network combined, of which the radio station is merely a subsidiary – rather than with Beats 1 Radio directly. Nevertheless, speaker, record producer, and entrepreneur Jimmy Iovine painted it as a nod to the company's history; the minds behind the iPod and media software iTunes were returning to the grassroots of music sharing: radio. This essay will look at the early success and criticisms of Beats 1. It will do this by examining how the station defies established radio theory and is helping to evolve the medium both technologically and stylistically. It will contextualise these findings in the form of current industry practice, as well as what pressures the station may put on commercial and public service radio broadcasting in the United Kingdom. The essay aims to explore the timing and reasons behind the inception of the station and will raise questions behind its ideology. It will draw on a range of practitioner, academic and secondary sources as well as personal listening and theorisation in order to explore whether Apple's Beats 1 is ‘redefining radio'. Defining Radio From the offset, a couple of basic but important distinctions need to be made. As the Radio Advertising Bureau reflect in their 2014 report Audio Now (p.10), new forms of audio are continually emerging. The report highlights three main forms of consumer-level audio, with the latest — ‘on-demand' — being less than ten years old: ‘Owned audio': Here, the consumer owns the physical or digital audio format. This may include digital downloads, gathered legally or otherwise, or physical copies of the sound, such as CD, cassette or vinyl. ‘Live audio': This is the oldest of the three forms. The report refers to it as ‘live radio' but for the purposes of this essay we shall expand its definition to all audio consumed in real-time, as it is performed or transmitted. ‘On-demand': The newest of the three and the most complex to define due to its multifaceted nature. This encapsulates audio where the consumer does not have the original file and listens in isolation. Examples cited in Audio Now include streaming services, podcasts and YouTube videos. This notion of ‘owned audio' can be entirely discounted when discussing Apple Music as a standalone product; the user never gets physical access to the music files, just the right to stream them in exchange for a monthly membership fee of £9.99. The second and third definitions – ‘live audio' and ‘on-demand' respectively – are vital when addressing Beats 1 and Apple Music's other ‘radio'-esqué offerings, the definition of which has been somewhat corrupted by modern-day ‘on-demand' music streaming services. ‘Radio', as understood by the likes of Spotify, Deezer, Pandora, or similar, is intrinsically different from the traditional and well-established institution of radio broadcasting. This is not to say traditional radio is out-dated – far from it – but that ‘on-demand' services have appropriated the name of the medium and have used it incorrectly. There are multiple differences between the two, with the most notable being that the more traditional notion of radio broadcasting features human presence. Chignell (2009, p.33) explains people ‘add meaning' and context, and also provide a sense of co-presence. This is the complete antithesis of so-called ‘radio stations' on streaming services which strip broadcasting of its ‘essential element' (Priestman, 2006, p.36): human-to-human contact. As Corderio (2011, p.499) highlights, there is a long line of radio theorists who contend ‘music playlists, without human interaction, should not be confused with radio', and that radio can be easily defined as public, point-to-point_s_ broadcasting. Priestman describes the aforementioned, human-bare stations as ‘automated web “jukebox[es]”' and for the purposes of this essay, these on-demand web-jukeboxes will be called exactly that. iTunes Radio – the 2013 predecessor of Apple Music – was one such service. Allowing users to create ‘stations' around a single artist or band, algorithms mixed content from one band with similar material by similar artists. As Baldwin (2013) reports, iTunes Radio let users ‘rate the songs (…) as they stream[ed]', thereby learning individual preference in order to modify the output to better suit taste. While iTunes Radio was by no means a failure, algorithms, as Iovine himself admits, ‘can't do it alone' (Dredge, 2015). While movements in the realm of acoustic and computer science are moving in the right direction, machines currently fail to recognise mood, thus playing inappropriate or mismatched tracks sequentially, and cannot provide all important context. Enter Apple Music. While the newer service still contains web-jukeboxes, Apple makes a clear point of distinguishing Beats 1 Radio from them. In the native Music application on iOS, a graphic inviting people to ‘Listen Now' takes centre stage (appendix; a), occupying well over 50% of the screen space. Not only does this force automated-jukebox stations to exist several swipes away but it also separates Beats 1 from these lesser-refined services. The Beats 1 landing page on the Apple website makes a further point of highlighting this distinction by defining the true meaning of radio itself: ‘No matter where you are or when you tune in, you'll hear the same great programming as every other listener' (2015b). This reinforces a concept Chignell (2009, p.74) writes about, co-presence, a theory Scannell and Cardiff (1991) highlight, imagined community, and Marshal McLuhan's Global Village, ‘one world connected by an electronic nervous system' (Stewart, n.d.). Irrespective of scale, collective listening is precisely what radio is all about. As a technology company, there are technological considerations to take in to account when defining what ‘radio' means to Apple. As the smartphone market leader (Forbes, 2015), it is fitting of Apple to create a station that is marketed at, and primarily received on, mobile devices. According to a 2015 report from the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry, the digital music industry is worth $6.85 billion worldwide per annum (IFPI, p.6), with ‘music subscription services' accounting for 22.75% of revenue. On the other hand, ‘radio is a massive $20 billion industry' (Truong, 2015). At a time where physical format sales are declining (IFPI, 2015b), where the revenue share of music streaming is growing exponentially, and where radio is still ‘able to command the largest share of the listening ear' (Lloyd, 2015, p.293), Apple wants in. Moreover, there are some strong statistics to suggest mobile listening is quick becoming a force to be reckoned with. ‘31 minutes a day is the average amount of time spent listening to music on a phone', Global (2015) claims, and ‘65% of “digital audio” streamers' – both live audio and on-demand consumers – ‘listen with head[/ear]phones'. Undoubtedly, radio is an intimate and personal medium, esteemed by consumers (McLeish, 2016, pp.3 to 6). To further emphasise this, by interacting through earphones, listeners are choosing to place broadcasters in their ears, to make the broadcast a part of their body, a sacred trust and one only radio could garner. Global also claim ‘44% of 35-44 year-olds' stream music over tablet devices. Logically, what with early adoption rates and increased technological competence in younger generations who have grown up with this hardware from an early age, this number will only be higher in the 15 to 24 and 25 to 34 demographics, precisely the age of consumer Apple is attempting to capture with Beats 1 Radio. Defying Radio In the words of both Finer (2003, p.32) and Castelles (2003, p.17), the internet is the world's first international radio frequency. Apple not only advertise Beats 1 as being ‘worldwide', but as ‘a truly global listening experience', letting audience members discover ‘what's going on in the world of music'. While parts of this statement are correct – the station can be received in 100 countries around the world (Apple, 2015c), although that is only 51% of the planet – the overall sentiment could not be further from the truth. At present, the BBC World Service is the world's largest international broadcaster (House of Commons, 2010, ev.11) serving over 188 million people per week (BBC, 2009). Whilst the on-air content of each station cannot be compared – the BBC World Service is primarily a news and informational platform, while Beats 1 is purely a music station – there are, in terms of scale, many similarities. Evident from its marketing decisions and branding, Apple's goal is for Beats 1 to adopt an audience of ‘World Service' magnitude – ‘truly global', ‘worldwide'. However, in the same way Beats 1 broadcasts from exclusively Western locations – New York City, London, and Los Angeles – yet claims it is a ‘global' voice, the BBC World Service soldiers in a similar vein. The Operating Agreement of the World Service (BBC Trust, 2012, p.6) sets out English language services as their ‘core offer' and designates 75% of overall output worldwide to English language programming each week. Even the name of the BBC World Service contains a jarring juxtaposition, seating ‘British' and ‘World' two words apart. On the other hand, ‘beats' – acoustically speaking – know no borders and are not unique to any specific genre of music. Here, Beats 1's lack of cultural identity, as far as the name of the station and the simplistic graphical signifiers and branding it uses, allows the station to be transient in nature. However, as O'Malley (2015) reflects, this ‘ill-defined genre remit' hasn't come without criticism – He goes on to state ‘if you make content so broad, it becomes meaningless'. Beats 1 contradicts Priestman's (2006, p.233) argument that ‘web radio works best as a narrow-cast or niche medium' and Nyre's argument (2008, p.192) that music radio stations attempt ‘to attract niche audiences'. Roy Martin, managing editor of Radio Today, claims Beats 1 threatens ‘specialist music stations such as 1Xtra, Kiss [and BBC Radio] 6 Music' (2015). The breadth of music these stations play is replicated on Beats 1 without advertisements or pressures to fill remit goals. Contrasting Martin's sentiment, BBC Radio 1's controller Ben Cooper – who has lost two talents: Head of Music George Ergatoudis to Spotify (Lunden, 2015) and Lowe to Apple – claims ‘a rising tide lifts all boats' (Griffiths, 2015). Martin continues, ‘the likes of Radio Plymouth, The Bee [Lancashire] and Clyde 1 [Glasgow]' need not feel at risk, despite Beats 1 being billed as ‘the world's local station' (Quartz, 2015). Although Beats 1 can attempt to masquerade as local radio, when it comes to discussing truly local news and events, even at its closest level of inspection Beats 1 has to take a national view for fear of alienating other listeners. Locality is what makes radio work and Beats 1, with its syndicated, single, linear programming which never once breaks out in to local titbits, cannot possibly achieve the same effect on its desired scale. The on-air content of Apple's Beats 1 behaves as a BBC Radio 1Xtra and Radio 6 Music hybrid. The station is clearly attempting to promote ‘challenging, innovative' (BBC Trust, 2012b, p.2) music, with a distinctive focus on ‘contemporary black music (…) rarely heard elsewhere' (BBC Trust, 2015, pp.2 to 4), as the aforementioned BBC stations also reflect in their respective remits. Introducing challenging music comes with the need to reason track selection and explain why the creation deserves respect. BBC Radio 6 Music achieves this through interviews and technical discussions, many of which deconstruct musical theory, and through detailed back-announcements that may include the name of record labels, similar musicians, and artist influences. BBC Radio 1 Xtra achieves the same effect by discussing the artists' potential influence in relation to black British culture. This form of education, required by remit, is evident in the plays-per-day of each station, with BBC Radio 6 Music totaling an average of 172 plays per day and 1Xtra averaging 159 (Last FM, 2016, 2016b). The breaks are filled with news, documentaries and interviews. This is a stark contrast to Beats 1, a station that plays an average of 300 songs per weekday, peaking to 600 on weekends due in part to ‘high-track-turnover DJ mix shows that play during prime party hours' (Quartz, 2015). The on-air schedule of Apple's Beats 1 Radio is unlike any other station. Those familiar with radio will be aware of dayparting, ‘the practice of segmenting the broadcast schedule in to blocks (…) programmed for unique audience demographics and listeners' daily habits' (Piasek, 1998). Dayparting helps broadcasters provide more of that all-important context Chignell (2009, p.33) discusses. Nielsen Audio (2015, p.23), one of several U.S. audience rating services, divides a weekday into five such parts. Having slightly adjusted the times for an audience based in the United Kingdom, those dayparts are as follows: 0600 to 9000: Breakfast 0900 to 1600: Daytime 1600 to 1900: Evening Drive Time 1900 to 2300: Late Night 2300 to 0600: Overnight (colloquially known as the ‘graveyard slot') James Cridland believes (2015) ‘it makes no sense putting the money into a great breakfast show (…) because the timezones mean it's always breakfast somewhere'. Beats 1 replays its three flagship programmes – Zane Lowe, Ebro Darden, and Julie Adenuga – on a twelve-hour loop, thus hitting both eastern and western-based audiences with all three shows in any given 24-hour period. The rest of the schedule is comprised of irregular and one-off programmes fronted by musicians from Elton John to HAIM, and organisations like Noisey and Pitchfork. This pre-recorded content, masquerading ‘as live', is broadcast at times relevant to the market Apple is attempting to target. For example, St. Vincent's programme is played at 3 a.m. GMT, 7 p.m. PST (American East-Coast) and 11 a.m. CST (Mainland China), evidently targeting listeners in the Americas and Asia rather than the United Kingdom. Whilst this may seem a strange idea, it works. One of radio's early strengths, the art of ephemeral broadcasting, is being eroded in the age of podcasting, ‘owned audio' and ‘on-demand'. With this comes a pressure for more refined content – producers now must craft sound not only for initial impact, but also for replay value. Transmitting great content once then losing it to the ether is neither cost effective nor clever. LBC – a commercial, London-based news and talk station – is one of the first in the United Kingdom to implement pay-for catch-up services. Subscription services on a rolling monthly basis cost £3.99 (AudioAgain, 2014). In comparison, Beats 1 offers the same catch-up method: pay to become an Apple Music member. ‘While it doesn't quite provide the experience of listening to the show live, (…) every DJ will post a set playlist for their show a few hours after it ends' (iMore, 2015). Most commercial radio stations are yet to offer on-demand catch-up services at all, but some, like Fun Kids – the UK's only radio station aimed at under-12s – have in excess of 80 podcast channels (Think Fun Kids, n.d.). It is as-of-yet unclear whether the pay-for catch-up model works well enough to warrant the long-term investment required by commercial radio stations in order to develop distribution platforms. However, empowering the consumer through this medium provides another point-of-entry to the station and rewards active consumers with the opportunity to replay their favourite moments from past programmes, or to store the show for posterity. Given the high profile musicians Beats 1 has access to and the respective fan-bases of those musicians, Apple's move is clearly another call to subscribe. Once an interview or programme has been broadcast, the only way for dedicated fans to hear that content again – or catch-up, if they missed it first time around – is to pay. Apple know many fans have a fear of missing out, desperate to hear content from their favourite creators, therefore can reasonably assure themselves a select number of subscribers by providing exclusive content hidden behind paywalls. Redefining Radio Being owned by a multinational, technological giant has its advantages. While the equipment Beats 1 uses to broadcast is the same as any other digital radio station, the techniques are certainly groundbreaking. Beats 1 is available in two stream formats, 64 kbps and 256 kbps (Painter, 2015) AAC, superior to DAB's MP2 streams which vary from 64 kbps – for stations including Absolute Radio, Amazing Radio and BBC Radio 5 Live – to 192 kbps – used exclusively by BBC Radio 3 (Laird, 2015). With concern to mobile devices, where the vast majority of stations stream second-by-second, Beats 1 utilises the new HLS streaming format. HLS is HTTP Live Streaming, a new communications protocol developed and implemented by Apple (2014). Designed to be adaptive, devices request stream information in packets of varying quality, and, if at any point diminished bandwidth or download speed causes stress to the stream, devices will request the next packet in a lower quality. This creates the effect of zero buffering, allowing for a smooth and more dynamic listening experience. The highly customisable nature of mobile phones makes this next statistic hard to measure but assuming a couple of reasonable conditions – that a user has biometric Touch ID enabled and has not moved the Music application from the factory default setting in their iPhone's docking bar – an ordinary mobile user can become a Beats 1 listener in only four taps. If Siri's newer hands-free function – ‘Hey Siri' – is enabled, a user can become a listener without even having to touch their device (appendix; b). In stark contrast to popular radio streaming applications such as TuneIn or RadioPlayer – two of numerous for desktop and smartphone – Apple forces consumers to use their dedicated Music application in order to hear Beats 1. The reason behind this decision is simple: Apple is a lover of control; proven by the fact Beats 1 audio steams are encrypted. The keys to decrypt the audio streams lay within the Music application itself. When addressing Apple's design decisions, the company has previously been accused of attempting to create a ‘totalitarian monoculture' (Bissell, 2008), a statement that is hard to defend Apple against. Indeed, in order for a listener to switch from Apple's Beats 1 to a potential rival – say, BBC Radio 1 or Capital FM – they would have to conduct at least eighteen further interactions with their device, first by launching a non-native iPhone application, then by having to search for the station before launching it, an overwhelming contrast in user-friendliness from the potential hands-free starting of Beats 1. Matt Deegan – radio practitioner and Creative Director of Folder Media – emphasised this, explaining the inception of Beats 1 is a move to ‘keep people in the Apple Music ecosystem' (University of Gloucestershire, 2015). On December 29th 2015 it was reported (RadioToday) Beats Electronics LLC., a division of Apple and the owners of the Beats brand, had put in a bid to internationally trademark the names of four potential new stations, Beats 2 through 5 and respective station logos ‘B2' through ‘B5'. Whilst Apple has made their intention to expand its radio arm clear (Billboard, 2015), it is unknown whether the filings are just a protective measure to prevent others piggybacking the Beats Radio brand. In the United Kingdom, the government-approved communications and competition regulator Ofcom, can step-in to ensure monopolies of broadcasting remain fair. If a station like Beats 1 wanted to broadcast on FM, AM, or even DAB, there's a high likelihood that Apple – with their marketing budget in excess of $1 billion USD (United States Securities and Exchange Commission, 2012) and end-goal of creating several ‘Beats'-branded stations – would not be in receipt of an license. This is where broadcasting solely online has measureable advantages, namely in the lack of regulation. Under the sole condition Apple pays for the rights to stream music in the 100 countries Beats 1 is playable from, there are no further restrictions. Although indecency regulations do not apply to its online streams, Apple still chooses to play non-explicit, clean, radio-edited versions of tracks 24/7. ‘[C]ensoring explicit language could be a matter of playing it safe rather than hoping the content flies everywhere it's played,' Kastrenakes (2015) believes, ‘it's likely a way to stay in advertisers' good graces — and it's certainly possible that ads will show up on Beats 1 eventually, especially since it's available for free', he adds. Where a track has a particularly high number of expletives, presenters signpost the non-censored version as ‘now streaming on Apple Music', a call to subscribe to the service for uncensored content ‘as the artist intended'. As Priestman (2006, p.3) reminds us, ‘[r]adio was supposed to mean the end of newspapers [and] television was supposed to mean the end of radio', but as is now evident, newer mediums change their predecessors but do not replace them. Criticism aside, Apple has made some logical additions to the visual and multimedia assets accompanying radio. Beats 1's metadata – ‘data that provides information about other data' (Merriam Webster, n.d.) such as what is playing on the station – is visualised on the iPhone lock-screen (appendix; c, d). If users are Apple Music subscribers they can ‘favourite' tracks, add them to personal playlists for offline ‘on-demand' streaming, and share the station via social media channels. Moreover, the synergy Apple's Beats 1 manages to achieve by embedding its content within the native Music application is unrivalled. Presenters regularly direct listeners to their ‘Connect' pages – the social networking arm of Apple Music – to see content complimentary to on-air discussions. Apple's monopolistic attitude over its content pays-off here, where the dynamo and fluidity of content publishing aids the sense of liveness. While it is clear to see Apple have brought many innovations to the worlds of technology and of music – and is continuing to experiment, along with on-demand streaming services, with the power of radio – I am unconvinced Beats 1 poses a threat to traditional notions of radio broadcasting. I believe Apple has missed a trick by failing to make the station more revolutionary. The stream is ‘live' but its DJs are not, the station is ‘global' but radio works best locally. It is entirely within Apple's capabilities to syndicate international programming with local break-offs, in the same way Heart FM syndicates a national breakfast show with regional news and travel. Similarly, Apple could easily syndicate its presenters across several genres of station, unifying links but playing different tracks, thus narrowcasting to niche audiences while still maintaining an overall brand identity. Absolute Radio's ‘Project Banana', piloted during Christian O'Connell's breakfast show, adopts this method, handing consumers the power to ‘choose the music to suit their tastes, while enjoying and interacting with the show's hosts' live (MediaWeek, 2014). While the station certainly has had success in marketing itself as a ‘breakthrough', in the words of James Cridland (2015) ‘I'm not sure it'll set the world on fire'. Moreover, the move to launch a radio station has attracted many critics, one of which stated it was ‘a terribly exclusive vanity project' (O'Malley, 2015), a statement I'm inclined to agree with. Matt Deegan is correct; Beats 1 is an advertising space for Apple Music, and contains measureable disadvantages for non-subscribers. Nevertheless, Beats 1 does pose serious questions for Station Managers and Radio Futurologists alike, namely around sharing multimedia content, ideas of exclusivity and privilege, and scheduling for maximum impact. Where Beats 1 excels, such as in technological competence and innovation, it is my opinion more traditional stations fall far behind. Here, they really are ‘redefining radio'. In this digital age, stations need to strive for technological excellence and Beats 1 is a prime example. This is not shocking, as the biggest and most valuable technology company in the world owns Beats 1. It is just a shame that, as far as content is concerned, where other stations excel, Beats 1 misses the boat. 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