Podcasts about Arthur Ashkin

Entrevista a Carlos Bustamante, académico de la Universidad de Berkeley en Estados Unidos. Revisamos el premio Nobel otorgado a Arthur Ashkin por la invención de las pinzas ópticas, invento que permite manipular células, moléculas o átomos y a gatillado numerosos descubrimientos en física y biología.

Arthur Ashkin som får Nobelpris i fysik för den optiska pincetten har forskat om laser sedan lasern uppfanns. Nu är han 96 år med ett projekt i källaren som han hoppas ska lösa världens energiproblem. Den optiska pincetten är ett verktyg av ljus. Med den kan man flytta på och hålla fast mycket små partiklar, även levande celler. Vi besöker Caroline Adiels vid Göteborgs Universiteten som har glädje av verktyget i sitt arbete som handlar om att studera kommunikation inom och mellan enskilda celler. Vi träffar också Arthur Ashkin själv, hemma i villan utanför New York, som berättar om hur han tänkte i de olika stegen när pincetten utvecklades. Men projektet i källaren vill han inte att vi fotograferar. I programmet hörs: Arthur Ashkin, 2018 års Nobelpristagare i fysik, och Caroline Adiels, fysiker vid Göteborgs Universitet. Programmet är en repris från 22 november i år. Camilla Widebeck Camilla.Widebeck@sverigesradio.se

Wofür Arthur Ashkin, Gérard Mourou und Donna Strickland den diesjährigen Physiknobelpreis erhielten, erklären Matthias Rief von der Technischen Universität München und Oswald Willi von der Universität Düsseldorf in dieser Folge.

Arthur Ashkin som får Nobelpris i fysik för den optiska pincetten har forskat om laser sedan lasern uppfanns. Nu är han 96 år och i källaren har han ett projekt han hoppas ska lösa världens energiproblem. Den optiska pincetten är ett verktyg av ljus. Med den kan man flytta på och hålla fast mycket små partiklar, även levande celler. Vi besöker Caroline Adiels vid Göteborgs Universiteten som har glädje av verktyget i sitt arbete som handlar om att studera kommunikation inom och mellan enskilda celler. Vi träffar också Arthur Ashkin själv, hemma i villan utanför New York. Den äldste Nobelpristagaren någonsin berättar om hur han tänkte i de olika stegen när pincetten utvecklades. Men projektet i källaren vill han inte att vi fotograferar. Programledare: Camilla Widebeck camilla.widebeck@sverigesradio.se Producent: Peter Normark peter.normark@sverigesradio.se ÖVR: Bildtext 1006:

Los premios Nobel de Ciencias de 2018 son protagonistas hoy en Ciencia Fresca. James P. Allison y Tasuku Honjo, galardonados con el Nobel de Fisiología y Medicina, han merecido el premio por su descubrimiento de una terapia antitumoral basada en la inhibición de la regulación inmunitaria negativa. El premio Nobel de Física ha sido para Arthur Ashkin, por el desarrollo de pinzas ópticas y sus aplicaciones a los sistemas biológicos, y para Gérard Mourou y Donna Strickland, por el desarrollo del método para generar pulsos láser ultra cortos y de gran intensidad. Por último, hablamos del Premio Nobel de Química, concedido a Frances H. Arnold, por su evolución dirigida de las enzimas y a George P. Smith y Sir Gregory P. Winter por el “pantallazo de bacteriófagos”.

So, as you probably already know by now, the Nobel Prize in Physics 2018 was awarded to another trio: Gérard Mourou, Arthur Ashkin and Donna Strickland, “for groundbreaking inventions in the field of laser physics”. Specifically, Arthur Ashkin was awarded the prize ““for the invention of optical tweezers and their application to biological systems” and Mourou and Strickland were awarded the prize for developing chirped pulse amplification, a method of generating very short but very high-intensity pulses of light with lasers. In this episode, we'll describe how they made these groundbreaking discoveries, and what they meant for science and physics in the years that followed. But as dismal as the world might seem sometimes, there’s still so much joy to be found in the world of science, the world of physics, and the glorious intricacies of the vast, complex, beautiful and mysterious universe we all live in. And the human ingenuity that has gone into allowing us to discover that, to even make strides towards understanding it, is one of the best parts of our species. Both of these discoveries, chirped pulse amplification and optical tweezers, represent clever tools that we have developed to allow us to probe and explore and understand nature, and there can be few greater undertakings than that. So here’s to the scientists who won the Nobel Prize in 2018, for giving us the tools that can help in many more discoveries to come. That’s all for this special episode. Remember, if you like the show, which consumes my nights and weekends with its fiery lust, there are plenty of things you can do to support us. Visit the website at www.physicspodcast.com where you’ll find a contact form: I read all your email and try to respond where I can, but it’s really the best part about doing this show is actually hearing from listeners, so you can know that if nothing else you’ll make my day by sending your message. Go ahead, punk. There you’ll also find a form where you can donate to the show, or purchase some of our previous bonus episodes. There’s a Patreon where you can subscribe to do that automatically in the future, so you don’t even need to fiddle with Paypal. You can follow us on Twitter @physicspod and on Facebook, Physical Attraction. You can go listen to our sister show, and by our sister show I mean the other thing I record in my free time, Autocracy Now – at www.autocracynow.libsyn.com – we’re just coming to the end of Stalin’s life, which is a great relief both for me personally and the people of the world in general. But, as I always say, the best thing you can possibly do to support is to tell your friends about the show, and to tell them to listen. I have printed up thousands of postcard-sized flyers, so if you really want to go the extra mile or just give people some merchandise with our logo on, get in touch with me and I can send some of those over to you!

Paolo e Valeria conducono la puntata 224 di Scientificast.Siamo reduci dalla settimana dei Nobel, dove sono stati assegnati anche quest’anno molti importanti riconoscimenti a ricerche altrettanto interessanti. Ne abbiamo parlato approfonditamente nel nostro blog e in particolare in questi articoli:– Nobel per la Medicina e la Fisiologia 2018 a James P. Allison e Tasuku Honjo, per le loro scoperte sull’attivazione del sistema immunitario che hanno gettato le basi per l’immunoterapia contro il cancro.– Nobel per la Fisica 2018 a Arthur Ashkin (1/2) a Gérard Mourou e Donna Strickland (1/2) per le loro innovative invenzioni nel campo della fisica dei laser. In questa puntata parliamo approfonditamente di questo premio con Chiara Trovatello, dottoranda presso il Dipartimento di Fisica del Politecnico di Milano.– Nobel per la Chimica 2018 a Frances H. Arnold (1/2) per “l’evoluzione diretta degli enzimi” e a George P. Smith e Sir Gregory P. Winter (1/2) per “lo sviluppo della tecnica phage display di peptidi e anticorpi”.Nella seconda parte della puntata, Marco Casolino, Giuliana Galati e Silvia Kuna Ballero aprono l’angolo della polemica riguardo il talk del prof. Strumia che ha tanto indignato il mondo della ricerca (e non solo!) con le sue affermazioni sessiste.Come sempre vi invitiamo, se lo vorrete, a concorrere alle spese di produzione del nostro podcast sostenendo l’Associazione di Promozione Sociale Scientificast mediante Patreon.

Laser are used in some many things around us from computer storage, discs, communication, medical scanning and even laser surgery. Turning lasers from an expensive tool in the exclusive hands of large laboratories to something people all over the world can simply and easily use required groundbreaking physics. As did turning a laser into a pair of precise tweezers. For that groundbreaking research Arthur Ashkin, Gerad Morou and Donna Strickland won the Nobel Prize in physics in 2018. We find out about lasers, how they're used and how they were made powerful and precise.References: Ashkin, A. (1997) Optical trapping and manipulation of neutral particles using lasers,Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Vol. 94, pp. 4853–4860 Strickland, D. and Mourou, G. (1985) Compression of Amplified Chirped Optical Pulses,Optics Communications , Vol. 56, Nr 3 How Lasers Work. (2018). Retrieved from https://lasers.llnl.gov/education/how_lasers_work The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, The Nobel Committee for Physics. (2018, October). Tools made of light [Press release]. Retrieved from https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/10/popular-physicsprize2018.pdf Image Credit: Baxley/JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) frequency comb, 2012

Hoy en El Viajero de la Ciencia… Diseccionamos los Premios Nobel, os contamos el despido de Elon Musk, repasamos la situación de Indonesia después del terremoto y posterior Tsunami y además una sorpresa desde el mundo del arte. TITULAR 1. El Nobel de Física reconoce a los inventores de las herramientas hechas de luz. La academia sueca ha galardonado a los estadounidenses Arthur Ashkin y Gérard Mourou y la canadiense Donna Strickland por sus contribuciones al desarrollo de herramientas de precisión avanzadas hechas de luz. Ashkin ha inventado las pinzas ópticas que son capaces de manipular partículas, átomos, virus y otras células vivas con sus «dedos» de rayos láser. Por su parte, Mourou y Strickland han desarrollaron un método para generar los pulsos de láser más cortos e intensos creados por la humanidad muy útiles, por ejemplo, en operaciones de miopía. TITULAR 2: Descifrado el primer nivel de plegamiento del ADN Un equipo de investigadores del Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), ha descifrado cómo el ADN realiza sus primeros pliegues más básicos. Este avance pone nuevas bases al estudio sobre cómo el ADN se empaqueta para poder almacenar toda la información necesaria para la vida dentro de un espacio tan pequeño como es el núcleo celular. TITULAR 3: Más cerca de la caza del noveno planeta del Sistema Solar Un equipo de científicos estadounidenses ha anunciado el hallazgo de un nuevo objeto cósmico, cuya órbita parece estar afectada por la presencia de un gran cuerpo celeste lejano y desconocido. Han denominado al objeto "El Duende". Sigue una órbita alargada y muy lejana respecto al Sol: en el punto más cercano, le separa del astro rey, una distancia 68 veces superior a la que separa la Tierra y el Sol, en el más lejano esta distancia llegaría a las 2.300 veces. TITULAR 4. El Hubble detecta la que puede ser la primera luna fuera del Sistema Solar. Un equipo de astrónomos de la Universidad de Columbia (EE. UU.) ha hallado, gracias al telescopio Hubble, evidencias consistentes de la primera luna fuera de nuestro sistema solar. El candidato a luna se encuentra a 8.000 años luz de distancia de la Tierra, tiene un tamaño comparable a Neptuno y órbita alrededor de un planeta un poco más grande que Júpiter. Este hallazgo podría aportar importantes pistas sobre el desarrollo de los sistemas planetarios y hacer que los astrónomos tuviesen que replantearse sus teorías sobre la formación de las lunas alrededor de los planetas. TITULAR 5: La creación de un nuevo Exotraje Blando multiarticulación. El equipo de Conor Walsh, del Instituto Wyss para la Ingeniería Biológicamente Inspirada con sede en Boston, que ha estado desarrollando diferentes dispositivos robóticos blandos para favorecer la movilidad, ha diseñado un nuevo exotraje basado en tejidos inteligentes que podría ser utilizado por soldados, bomberos y personal de rescate, ayudándoles a atravesar terrenos difíciles y a llegar frescos a sus destinos, de modo que puedan desempeñar sus tareas respectivas de forma más efectiva. También podrían aplicarse a las personas con trastornos neurodegenerativos y a ancianos.

El Nobel de Física ha premiado este año a Arthur Ashkin, Gérard Mourou y Donna Strickland, por inventar técnicas que han convertido a los láseres en herramientas de precisión. Strickland y Mourou desarrollaron un procedimiento para producir pulsos láser muy cortos y de alta intensidad, que han permitido usar láseres para cirugía precisión (por ejemplo en los ojos), y para investigar el comportamiento de los materiales sometidos a campos electromagnéticos intensos. En esta breve crónica os contamos la contribución del otro premiado, Arthur Ashkin, que con sus "pinzas láser" ha permitido manipular objetos tan pequeños que son inasibles para cualquier otro procedimiento. Si queréis saber cómo funciona un láser podéis escuchar el episodio s04e15, en el que os lo contamos. Este programa se emitió originalmente el 2 de octubre de 2018. Podéis escuchar el resto de audios de La Brújula en su canal de iVoox y en la web de Onda Cero, ondacero.es

“The main practical application of CPA so far has been in the eye surgery. It was the first one, and I think it is the one that is used by the most people for something practical.”Donna Strickland on the phone this morning with Göran Hansson of the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute, after learning that she had shared the Nobel Prize in Physics. CPA is chirped pulse amplification, a technique for producing incredibly short pulses of laser light of very high intensity.A few minutes before talking with Strickland, Hansson made the announcement:“This year's prize is about tools made from light. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has today decided to award the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics with one half to Arthur Ashkin for the optical tweezers and their application to biological systems and the other half jointly to Gérard Mourou and Donna Strickland for their method of generating high-intensity, ultrashort optical pulses.“Arthur Ashkin was born in 1922 in New York City. He made his remarkable invention at the Bell Laboratories in New Jersey in the United States. Gérard Mourou was born in 1944 in Albertville in France. And he's currently at the École Polytechnique in Palaiseau in France, and also affiliated with the University of Michigan in the United States.“Donna Strickland was born in 1959 in Guelph, and she's currently at the University of Waterloo in Canada. Drs. Mourou and Strickland did much of their groundbreaking work together at the University of Rochester in the United States.”Physicist Olga Bottner, chair of the Nobel Committee for Physics, added:“Today we celebrate two inventions within the field of laser physics that have opened new scientific vistas. But what's more, have already led to applications of direct benefit to society. Optical tweezers allowing control of tiny living organisms. And an amplification technique enabling construction of high-intensity compact laser systems.”For an in-depth listen about the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics, look for the Scientific American Science Talk podcast later today.—Steve Mirsky[The above text is a transcript of this podcast.]

“The main practical application of CPA so far has been in the eye surgery. It was the first one, and I think it is the one that is used by the most people for something practical.”Donna Strickland on the phone this morning with Göran Hansson of the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute, after learning that she had shared the Nobel Prize in Physics. CPA is chirped pulse amplification, a technique for producing incredibly short pulses of laser light of very high intensity.A few minutes before talking with Strickland, Hansson made the announcement:“This year's prize is about tools made from light. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has today decided to award the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics with one half to Arthur Ashkin for the optical tweezers and their application to biological systems and the other half jointly to Gérard Mourou and Donna Strickland for their method of generating high-intensity, ultrashort optical pulses.“Arthur Ashkin was born in 1922 in New York City. He made his remarkable invention at the Bell Laboratories in New Jersey in the United States. Gérard Mourou was born in 1944 in Albertville in France. And he's currently at the École Polytechnique in Palaiseau in France, and also affiliated with the University of Michigan in the United States.“Donna Strickland was born in 1959 in Guelph, and she's currently at the University of Waterloo in Canada. Drs. Mourou and Strickland did much of their groundbreaking work together at the University of Rochester in the United States.”Physicist Olga Bottner, chair of the Nobel Committee for Physics, added:“Today we celebrate two inventions within the field of laser physics that have opened new scientific vistas. But what's more, have already led to applications of direct benefit to society. Optical tweezers allowing control of tiny living organisms. And an amplification technique enabling construction of high-intensity compact laser systems.”For an in-depth listen about the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics, look for the Scientific American Science Talk podcast later today.—Steve Mirsky[The above text is a transcript of this podcast.]

Arthur Ashkin, Gérard Mourou and Donna Strickland share the 2018 physics Nobel for their work with lasers that have led to numerous practical applications, such as eye surgery.

En optisk pincett och kniv av korta och intensiva laserpulser. Det är uppfinningar som belönas med årets Nobelpris i fysik. Arthur Ashkin får halva priset för den optiska pincetten. Gerard Mourou och Donna Strickland får dela på den andra halvan för utvecklingen av de rekortkorta och intensiva laserpulserna. Vi reder ut uppfinningarnas betydelse med Ulf Danielsson, professor i teoretisk fysik vid Uppsala Universitet. Donna Strickland är den tredje kvinna någonsin att få Nobelpris i fysik och den första sedan 1963. Camilla Widebeck camilla.widebeck@sverigesradio.se Ulrika Björkstén ulrika.bjorksten@sverigesradio.se

Arthur Ashkin, Gérard Mourou and Donna Strickland shared the Nobel Prize for finding ways to control and enhance laser light, leading to numerous common applications. 

Deze week worden de Nobelprijzen uitgereikt. Bij de Nobelprijs voor de Natuurkunde won voor het eerst in meer dan 50 jaar een vrouw. Donna Strickland is de derde vrouwelijke winnaar ooit en deelt de prijs met Arthur Ashkin en Gérard Mourou voor hun onderzoek naar optische pincetten. Dorine Schenk, die voor NRC over natuurkunde schrijft, komt vertellen hoe atomen met lichtbundels op hun plek gehouden kunnen worden.De winnaar van de Nobelprijs voor Chemie wordt woensdag bekend gemaakt. Ook die zullen de Onbehaarde Apen in een bonusaflevering bespreken. Abonneer je om niets te missen!Benieuwd naar waarom het winnende onderzoek zo bijzonder is of heb je een andere vraag? Mail ons op podcast@nrc.nl.Presentatie: Lucas Brouwers en Hendrik SpieringProductie: Mirjam van Zuidam@lucasbrouwers // @hendrikspiering // @dorineschenk

Arthur Ashkin, Gérard Mourou and Donna Strickland share the 2018 physics Nobel for their work with lasers that have led to numerous practical applications, such as eye surgery.