Podcasts about Rashi

Rashi Class, a weekly exploration of Torah featuring a deep dive on the text and lively conversation focused on an 11th-century French commentary, conducted by Rabbi Adam Kligfeld at Temple Beth Am, Los Angeles, on Wednesday, April 9, 2025, this week beginning with Shemot/Exodus 12:13. (Facebook/Zoom)

In this episode, Dr. Yael Ziegler shares her thoughtful and layered approach to the study of Tanakh. Known for her deep literary readings and her commitment to both peshat and the broader interpretive tradition, she explains how elements like structure, repetition, and intertextuality shape her analysis of the biblical text. We explore her perspective on Midrash—not as a rewriting of the narrative, but as a sophisticated form of interpretation. Hazal, she explains, were keen readers of both peshat and derash, and even midrashim that appear far from the plain meaning often reflect a deep sensitivity to language, themes, and textual echoes found elsewhere in Tanakh. These interpretive moves open up new layers of meaning while remaining anchored in the biblical text. Dr. Ziegler illustrates this approach through striking examples involving Rachel and Leah, Moshe, Eliyahu, and more. She also reflects on the role of classical commentators like Rashi, Ibn Ezra, Radak, and Ramban, pointing out that these thinkers were highly attuned literary readers—even without the benefit of the modern tools we rely on today. Their insights continue to offer profound guidance in how we read and engage with Tanakh. Toward the end of the episode, Dr. Ziegler briefly touches on her book Ruth: From Alienation to Monarchy, and how it exemplifies her broader methodology: combining rigorous textual analysis with a deep respect for tradition. This conversation offers a window into a kind of Tanakh study that is both intellectually grounded and deeply rooted in the interpretive legacy of our tradition.---*This episode is dedicated to the refua shelema of our dear friend Yaakov ben Haya Sarah Malakh and to the neshama of Meir ben Moshe a'h — Abdolrahim Ilian, the late father of our dear friend, Rod Ilian. ---• Bio: Dr. Yael Ziegler is the Rosh Batei Midrash and Academic Director of Matan and an Assistant Professor in Tanakh at Herzog College. She received her BA from Stern College and an MA and Ph.D. in Bible at Bar Ilan University. Dr. Ziegler has lectured widely on various Tanakh topics in Israel, the United States, Canada, South Africa, Australia, and Europe. Dr. Ziegler is the author of Promises to Keep: The Oath in Biblical Narrative and Ruth: From Alienation to Monarchy, which has been translated into Hebrew. Her book: Lamentations: Faith in a Turbulent World was released in June, 2021 and is currently being translated into Hebrew. She is now working on a book on Exodus.---Speaker's Resources• Get her books here: https://www.amazon.com/stores/author/B001JOMV9O/allbooks?ingress=0&visitId=ac94d9f2-8a22-4bf3-b6d2-c69c11e40020&ref_=sr_ntt_srch_lnk_1&ccs_id=c22bbbf3-ea51-4a71-84f2-c838544a8a2e---• Welcome to JUDAISM DEMYSTIFIED: A PODCAST FOR THE PERPLEXED | Co-hosted by Benjy & Benzi | Thank you to...Super Patron: Jordan Karmily, Platinum Patron: Craig Gordon, Rod Ilian, Gold Patrons: Dovidchai Abramchayev, Lazer Cohen, Travis Krueger, Vasili Volkoff, Vasya, Silver Patrons: Ellen Fleischer, Daniel Maksumov, Rabbi Pinny Rosenthal, Fred & Antonio, Jeffrey Wasserman, and Jacob Winston! Please SUBSCRIBE to this YouTube Channel and hit the BELL so you can get alerted whenever new clips get posted, thank you for your support!

In part 3 of this series we delve into the true meaning of Pesach and discover how Rashi changed the trajectory of Hagadahs for centuries.

Sicha explaing according to Rashi how certain prohibitions that seem to be coming from Rabbinical rulings are really coming from the pussokim of Torqah themselves

Have any questions, insights, or feedback? Send me a text!Mishlei 15:24 - The Maskil's Orach Chayim (Part 2)אֹרַח חַיִּים לְמַעְלָה לְמַשְׂכִּיל לְמַעַן סוּר מִשְּׁאוֹל מָטָּה:Length: 47 minutesSynopsis: This morning (4/3/25), in our morning Mishlei shiur, we reviewed the approaches from yesterday, then started learning through the meforshim. We began with Rashi (oddly enough), who didn't disappoint, then followed our usual pecking order of Metzudas David, Rabbeinu Yonah, Meiri, and R' Sheishes. We didn't get EVERYTHING, but we still learned some nice ideas and practiced some critical methodology. Please feel free to leave your questions, insights, and feedback in the comments! -----מקורות:משלי טו:כדרש"ימצודת דודרבינו יונהמאיריר' ששת בן יצחק גרונדי-----The Torah content from now until Erev Pesach has been sponsored by Yehudis Korn l'zecher nishmas Moshe ben Yeshayahu Yehuda.-----If you've gained from what you've learned here, please consider contributing to my Patreon at www.patreon.com/rabbischneeweiss. Alternatively, if you would like to make a direct contribution to the "Rabbi Schneeweiss Torah Content Fund," my Venmo is @Matt-Schneeweiss, and my Zelle and PayPal are mattschneeweiss at gmail. Even a small contribution goes a long way to covering the costs of my podcasts, and will provide me with the financial freedom to produce even more Torah content for you.If you would like to sponsor a day's or a week's worth of content, or if you are interested in enlisting my services as a teacher or tutor, you can reach me at rabbischneeweiss at gmail. Thank you to my listeners for listening, thank you to my readers for reading, and thank you to my supporters for supporting my efforts to make Torah ideas available and accessible to everyone.-----Substack: rabbischneeweiss.substack.com/Patreon: patreon.com/rabbischneeweissYouTube Channel: youtube.com/rabbischneeweissInstagram: instagram.com/rabbischneeweiss/"The Stoic Jew" Podcast: thestoicjew.buzzsprout.com"Machshavah Lab" Podcast: machshavahlab.buzzsprout.com"The Mishlei Podcast": mishlei.buzzsprout.com"Rambam Bekius" Podcast: rambambekius.buzzsprout.com"The Tefilah Podcast": tefilah.buzzsprout.comOld Blog: kolhaseridim.blogspot.com/WhatsApp Content Hub (where I post all my content and announce my public classes): https://chat.whatsapp.com/GEB1EPIAarsELfHWuI2k0HAmazon Wishlist: amazon.com/hz/wishlist/ls/Y72CSP86S24W?ref_=wl_sharel

Rashi Class, a weekly exploration of Torah featuring a deep dive on the text and lively conversation focused on an 11th-century French commentary, conducted by Rabbi Adam Kligfeld at Temple Beth Am, Los Angeles, on Wednesday, April 2, 2025, this week beginning with Shemot/Exodus 12:13. (Facebook/Zoom)

Unlock the secrets of the Torah's timeless wisdom as we explore its profound implications with esteemed rabbis like Rabbi Danny Masri, Rabbi Bucsko, and Rabbi David Spetner. Journey with us to Mount Sinai, where we unravel the enigmatic line in the Pesach Haggadah's Dayenu, pondering the meaning behind standing at Sinai without receiving the Torah. With insights from the late Rosh Yeshiva of Neri Yisroel and the Sfas Emes, we discuss the concept of the Torah as the world's blueprint, emphasizing its existence before it was formally given at Sinai and its role as the universe's spiritual foundation.Experience the power of unity as we reflect on stories shared by Rabbi Tzvi Kushalevsky and Rabbi Matisyahu Salamon. Discover how unparalleled unity was essential for receiving the Torah at Sinai, with each soul representing a letter in it. Rabbi Solomon's tale of compassion and community support showcases the depth of unity within the Jewish faith, as he exemplifies kindness to a mourning family amid personal celebrations. This episode captures the essence of collective readiness, highlighting how harmony and support form the bedrock of Jewish communal life.Reflect on the deeper meanings of Passover traditions, from the symbolism of karpas to Joseph's journey from slavery to power. Through contributions from Rabbeinu Bachya and Rashi, we connect the themes of unity and redemption, emphasizing hope and growth through adversity. As we prepare for redemption and the Messiah's arrival, gain insights from figures like the Chofetz Chaim on practical steps and perspective changes needed for a meaningful Pesach. Join us for an episode filled with reflections and inspirations, guiding us toward a hopeful future.Hosts: Rabbi Aryeh Wolbe, Rabbi Yaakov Wolbe, Rabbi Chaim BucskoGuests: Rabbi Danny Masri and Rabbis Spetner and Heinemann from the Cincinnati Kollel_____________Recorded in the TORCH Centre - Studios (A) in Houston, Texas on March 27, 2025 with Audio Engineer: Shlomo WolbeReleased as Podcast on March 31, 2025_____________DONATE to TORCH: Please consider supporting the podcasts by making a donation to help fund our Jewish outreach and educational efforts at https://www.torchweb.org/support.php. Thank you!_____________SUBSCRIBE and LISTEN to other podcasts by Rabbi Aryeh Wolbe:NEW!! Prayer Podcast: https://prayerpodcast.transistor.fm/episodesJewish Inspiration Podcast: https://inspiration.transistor.fm/episodesParsha Review Podcast: https://parsha.transistor.fm/episodesLiving Jewishly Podcast: https://jewishly.transistor.fm/episodesThinking Talmudist Podcast: https://talmud.transistor.fm/episodesUnboxing Judaism Podcast: https://unboxing.transistor.fm/episodesRabbi Aryeh Wolbe Podcast Collection: https://collection.transistor.fm/episodesFor a full listing of podcasts available by TORCH at https://www.TORCHpodcasts.com_____________EMAIL your questions, comments, and feedback: awolbe@torchweb.orgPlease visit www.torchweb.org to see a full listing of our outreach and educational resources available in the Greater Houston area!_____________#Torah, #TimelessWisdom, #Rabbi, #PesachHaggadah, #MountSinai, #Unity, #Blueprint, #RoshYeshiva, #NerYisroel, #SfasEmes, #JewishCommunity, #Redemption, #Passover, #Symbolism, #Karpas, #Joseph, #Coronation, #Maimonides, #Kabbalists, #SaltWater, #Haroset, #Love, #Unity, #Cycles, #UpsandDowns, #SederPlate, #Egg, #Mordechai, #Purim, #Messiah, #Nisan, #Adar, #Exodus, #JewishPeople, #Miracles, #Preparation, #Israel, #ChafetzChaim, #Pesach, #Guidance ★ Support this podcast ★

Unlock the secrets of the Torah's timeless wisdom as we explore its profound implications with esteemed rabbis like Rabbi Danny Masri, Rabbi Bucsko, and Rabbi David Spetner. Journey with us to Mount Sinai, where we unravel the enigmatic line in the Pesach Haggadah's Dayenu, pondering the meaning behind standing at Sinai without receiving the Torah. With insights from the late Rosh Yeshiva of Neri Yisroel and the Sfas Emes, we discuss the concept of the Torah as the world's blueprint, emphasizing its existence before it was formally given at Sinai and its role as the universe's spiritual foundation.Experience the power of unity as we reflect on stories shared by Rabbi Tzvi Kushalevsky and Rabbi Matisyahu Salamon. Discover how unparalleled unity was essential for receiving the Torah at Sinai, with each soul representing a letter in it. Rabbi Solomon's tale of compassion and community support showcases the depth of unity within the Jewish faith, as he exemplifies kindness to a mourning family amid personal celebrations. This episode captures the essence of collective readiness, highlighting how harmony and support form the bedrock of Jewish communal life.Reflect on the deeper meanings of Passover traditions, from the symbolism of karpas to Joseph's journey from slavery to power. Through contributions from Rabbeinu Bachya and Rashi, we connect the themes of unity and redemption, emphasizing hope and growth through adversity. As we prepare for redemption and the Messiah's arrival, gain insights from figures like the Chofetz Chaim on practical steps and perspective changes needed for a meaningful Pesach. Join us for an episode filled with reflections and inspirations, guiding us toward a hopeful future.Hosts: Rabbi Aryeh Wolbe, Rabbi Yaakov Wolbe, Rabbi Chaim BucskoGuests: Rabbi Danny Masri and Rabbis Spetner and Heinemann from the Cincinnati Kollel_____________Recorded in the TORCH Centre - Studios (A) in Houston, Texas on March 27, 2025 with Audio Engineer: Shlomo WolbeReleased as Podcast on March 31, 2025_____________DONATE to TORCH: Please consider supporting the podcasts by making a donation to help fund our Jewish outreach and educational efforts at https://www.torchweb.org/support.php. Thank you!_____________SUBSCRIBE and LISTEN to other podcasts by Rabbi Aryeh Wolbe:NEW!! Prayer Podcast: https://prayerpodcast.transistor.fm/episodesJewish Inspiration Podcast: https://inspiration.transistor.fm/episodesParsha Review Podcast: https://parsha.transistor.fm/episodesLiving Jewishly Podcast: https://jewishly.transistor.fm/episodesThinking Talmudist Podcast: https://talmud.transistor.fm/episodesUnboxing Judaism Podcast: https://unboxing.transistor.fm/episodesRabbi Aryeh Wolbe Podcast Collection: https://collection.transistor.fm/episodesFor a full listing of podcasts available by TORCH at https://www.TORCHpodcasts.com_____________EMAIL your questions, comments, and feedback: awolbe@torchweb.orgPlease visit www.torchweb.org to see a full listing of our outreach and educational resources available in the Greater Houston area!_____________#Torah, #TimelessWisdom, #Rabbi, #PesachHaggadah, #MountSinai, #Unity, #Blueprint, #RoshYeshiva, #NerYisroel, #SfasEmes, #JewishCommunity, #Redemption, #Passover, #Symbolism, #Karpas, #Joseph, #Coronation, #Maimonides, #Kabbalists, #SaltWater, #Haroset, #Love, #Unity, #Cycles, #UpsandDowns, #SederPlate, #Egg, #Mordechai, #Purim, #Messiah, #Nisan, #Adar, #Exodus, #JewishPeople, #Miracles, #Preparation, #Israel, #ChafetzChaim, #Pesach, #Guidance ★ Support this podcast ★

This morning we discuss the strange verse that seems to assert that our leaders (king, president, prime minister, teacher, rabbi - all types of leaders) will inevitably make mistakes. From Seforno and Rashi (expressed by a great story about Rabbi Yaakov Kanievsky) we derive two distinct lessons, which are so very applicable to our lives today. Michael Whitman is the senior rabbi of ADATH Congregation in Hampstead, Quebec, and an adjunct professor at McGill University Faculty of Law. ADATH is a modern orthodox synagogue community in suburban Montreal, providing Judaism for the next generation. We take great pleasure in welcoming everyone with a warm smile, while sharing inspiration through prayer, study, and friendship. Rabbi Whitman shares his thoughts and inspirations through online lectures and shiurim, which are available on: YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC5FLcsC6xz5TmkirT1qObkA Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/adathmichael/ Podcast - Mining the Riches of the Parsha: Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcast/mining-the-riches-of-the-parsha/id1479615142?fbclid=IwAR1c6YygRR6pvAKFvEmMGCcs0Y6hpmK8tXzPinbum8drqw2zLIo7c9SR-jc Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3hWYhCG5GR8zygw4ZNsSmO Please contact Rabbi Whitman (rabbi@adath.ca) with any questions or feedback, or to receive a daily email, "Study with Rabbi Whitman Today," with current and past insights for that day, video, and audio, all in one short email sent directly to your inbox.

#vinayakjoshi #kannadainterviews #podcast 00:00 - Titles00:26 - Show starts here00:55 - Tula rashi (Libra)05:48 - Vrischika rashi (Scorpio)08:48 - Dhanu rashi (Sagittarius)10:45 - Makara rashi (Capricorn)14:16 - Kumbha rashi (Aquarius)17:55 - Meena rashi (Pisces)21:00 - Closing ThoughtsWe conclude our special Ugadi astrology series with the final set of zodiac predictions for 2025 - Vishwavasu Samvatsara, delivered by the esteemed astrologer Dr. KR Arulalan.In this episode, he covers the remaining six zodiac signs:♎ Libra (Tula)♏ Scorpio (Vrischika)♐ Sagittarius (Dhanu)♑ Capricorn (Makara)♒ Aquarius (Kumbha)♓ Pisces (Meena)

Parshas Pekudei: Redemption In Progress As Moshe completes the Mishkan, the Torah repeats the word Mishkan—but why? According to Rashi and the Kli Yakar, this repetition points to both the physical sanctuary below and the spiritual Mishkan above. It reflects not just what was built, but what is still being held in trust—a divine collateral for redemption yet to come. The Lubavitcher Rebbe taught that our generation is the final step before Geulah. Every mitzvah, every act of faith, adds a brick to the future. Even in moments of exile or uncertainty, we're not just enduring—we're building.

#vinayakjoshi #kannadainterviews #podcast 00:00 - Titles00:26 - Show starts here01:48 - Sun sign & Moon sign05:43 - Mesha rashi (Aries)11:17 - Vrishabha rashi (Taurus)16:04 - Mithuna rashi (Gemini)19:23 - Karkataka rashi (Cancer)22:54 - Simha rashi (Leo)26:05 - Kanya rashi (Virgo)In this continuation of our Ugadi special astrology series, renowned astrologer Dr. KR Arulalan shares his detailed predictions and forecasts for the first six zodiac signs in Vishwavasu Samvatsara 2025.♈ Aries (Mesha)♉ Taurus (Vrishabha)♊ Gemini (Mithuna)♋ Cancer (Karkataka)♌ Leo (Simha)♍ Virgo (Kanya)What does 2025 have in store for your Rashi? Career, finance, health, relationships – Dr. Arulalan covers it all with his astrological insights and guidance.Stay tuned for the next episode, where we cover the remaining six zodiac signs!...................................................................................................................................................................Title Sponsors @hosachiguru3121 is a pioneer in managed farm plots where you can dream of owning a piece of farm land. They combine passion for agriculture with a professional pursuit to revolutionize farmland management for all those with green hearts. Excited to have them back onboard for season 3.Hosachiguru - https://www.hosachiguru.com/...................................................................................................................................................................Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/vinayakjoshelayLinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/in/vinayakjoshelayTwitter: https://twitter.com/vinayakjoshelay.....................................................................................................................................................................Crew -Host and Director - Vinayaka JoshiProduced by - Varsha BelawadiMotion Picture Graphics/Editor - Santhosh RadhakrishnanFirst Editor - James Premkumar (Creative Trap)Asst. Editor/Line Producer - Mohammad ShahinDOP - Kannan PMusic - Vishak RamprasadAudio Mastering & Production - Khussh Pran MehtaResearch Team - Ramakrishna GaneshPublicity Design - Madhava SrivatsaSocial Media & Content Distribution - Sumanth SEquipment - Shutterspace Productions.....................................................................................................................................................................

1- Pesachim 2a- Bedikas Chometz- Rashi, Tosfos (5785)

1- Pesachim 2a- Bedikas Chometz, Shitas Rashi

Some Torah on the occasion of the yartzeit of my father, Wilhelm Ungar and my father in-law, Rabbi Emanuel Gettinger.

On the night before Yetziat Mitzrayim , when Hashem struck the Egyptian firstborns, the Jewish people were commanded to remain inside their homes until morning. Rashi explains that Chazal teach in Masechet Bava Kama : " - מאחר שניתנה רשות למשחית לחבל אינו מבחין בין צדיק לרשע - Once the destroying angel is given permission to destroy, he no longer distinguishes between a tzaddik and a rasha ." Since the angel had permission that night, the Jewish people were instructed to stay indoors and out of harm's way. At first glance, this seems troubling. Does it mean that even a tzaddik can be harmed, despite his righteousness? How do we reconcile this with Avraham Avinu's plea when he heard that Hashem planned to destroy Sedom ? He said, "Far be it from You to kill the righteous along with the wicked!"—suggesting that Hashem would never allow a tzaddik to suffer unjustly. The Emek Beracha writes further that a tzaddik even has the power to repel the destroying angel, as we see with Aharon Hakohen and Pinchas , who halted plagues through their actions. In the beginning of Parashat Vaera, the pasuk says, וידבר אלוקים אל משה ויאמר אליו אני ה '. Hashem used His name of judgment and mercy in the very same pasuk. The Ohr Hachayim there explains, Hashem was telling Moshe, While I was dealing with the Egyptians with harsh judgement, simultaneously I was granting mercy to the Jews, even though they were mixed in with each other. Even though the destroying angel was given permission to destroy, Hashem still had mercy on the Jews. The Rambam teaches that as long as a tzaddik maintains a deep connection to Hashem in his thoughts, he remains untouchable. The Gemara in Masechet Shabbat states, "There is no death without sin and no affliction without transgression." There is never a moment that everything is not being completely controlled by Hashem. A destroying angel is just another one of Hashem's millions of agents carrying out His will. The Alsheich strengthens this point based on the pasuk that states Hashem stands amidst the judges when they are judging a court case. A judge must be fully aware of Hashem's presence so that He does not sway the judgment by even one iota. The Gemara says a judge should feel like the gates of Gehinom are open beneath him and as if there is a sharp sword stretched out against him if he purposely judges a case wrongfully. Look how much Hashem cares about the right judgment being done. He doesn't want someone who doesn't owe money to pay. He doesn't want someone who doesn't deserve a penalty to receive it, whether it's lashes or worse. Then how could it possibly be that He would allow a Tzaddik to suffer or a destroying angel not to be מבחין בין צדיק לרשע if he doesn't deserve it? The Alsheich explains, when Chazal said the angel doesn't distinguish, refers to when Hashem sends the angel of death to take the lives of people who are committing the worst of averot. That becomes a time of Din. At that time the angel is given permission to see everyone's sins illuminated on their foreheads. If a tzaddik has a sin that is fitting to be punished in a similar manner, then the tzaddik will be taken as well. Normally, Hashem, in His infinite mercy, gives people years to make teshuva. Someone could even be given decades before he is punished for a sin in the hope that he will repent and not need to be punished. However, if there is a time of divine decree, then the sins of the tzaddik will be brought to light. However, if the tzaddik does not deserve to be punished, the destroying angel will have no power over him. And if he is a tzaddik gamur , he will even repel the angel. The bottom line is we are always under the hashgacha of Hashem. No person or angel ever has any power of its own. Therefore, we can be calm knowing that we are always only in the hands of Hashem.

In this week's parsha, the Israelites finally complete building the Mishkan, God's temporary dwelling place on earth. But finishing a task, or pausing en route to the Promised Land, doesn't mean that the journey is over or even on hold. What does a wise commentary by Rashi teach us about carrying on when we feel stuck? Tune in to find out.

If you would like to understand Israeli Jews, to get to know someone who made aliyah from Queens, New York (move to Israel) close to thirty years ago, then have a listen to this schmooze with Rashi Rosenzweig. He lives in Raanana, Israel, is married with four boys, and just yesterday found himself, like all other Israelis in the region, running down to a bomb shelter once again, as a ballistic missile made its way from Yemen. In this interview, we learn about the genesis of his first name (Rashi was a famous rabbi found in the Talmud and the Torah), the spelling of his last name (which is different than mine), his passion for acting and knowledge of the city he made aliyah to. Rashi is your classic Israel citizen who share a small country and is deeply in love with the Jewish people. This is an hour and half spent with a man who decided to make Israel his home, and despite the wars and Intifadas never once thought about leaving it. Am Yisrael Chai.

If you would like to understand Israeli Jews, to get to know someone who made aliyah from Queens, New York (move to Israel) close to thirty years ago, then have a listen to this schmooze with Rashi Rosenzweig. He lives in Raanana, Israel, is married with four boys, and just yesterday found himself, like all other Israelis in the region, running down to a bomb shelter once again, as a ballistic missile made its way from Yemen. In this interview, we learn about the genesis of his first name (Rashi was a famous rabbi found in the Talmud and the Torah), the spelling of his last name (which is different than mine), his passion for acting and knowledge of the city he made aliyah to. Rashi is your classic Israel citizen who share a small country and is deeply in love with the Jewish people. This is an hour and half spent with a man who decided to make Israel his home, and despite the wars and Intifadas never once thought about leaving it. Am Yisrael Chai.

Vayelech Charana – Rashi vs Ramban - Document for Daf 95 by Simon Wolf

The pasuk in Parashat Vayakhel states that Hashem filled the hearts of Betzalel and Aholiav with wisdom to carry out the intricate work of constructing the Mishkan . Rav Shach asked: Why were these two individuals chosen over anyone else in Klal Yisrael ? He explained that when the people heard Moshe announce Hashem's command to build the Mishkan , no one wanted to take responsibility for such an overwhelming task. It seemed impossible. But Betzalel and Aholiav stepped forward, not because they already possessed the necessary skills, but because they believed in the mission. They understood that "it is not the capable who do, but rather those who do become capable." They wanted to take on the responsibility, and after Moshe appointed them, Hashem filled their hearts with the wisdom they needed to succeed. Their zechut has benefitted Kelal Yisrael for all generations. After David HaMelech killed Goliat, Goliat's brother sought revenge. A man named Elchanan ben Ya'areh struck Goliath's brother down with a weaving tool before he could cause harm. Rashi explains that Elchanan was a descendant of Betzalel, and in the zechut of Betzalel's weaving of the Parochet in the Mishkan , Hashem gave Elchanan the ability to eliminate this threat with the very same type of tool. Another powerful story is told about the father of Rabbi Aholiav Chiyun. He was 90 years old when his son was born. His wife, much younger than him, desperately wanted a child. She went to pray at the kever of Aholiav ben Achisamach in Sidon, and miraculously, they had a son. They named him Aholiav, attributing his birth to the zechut of Aholiav ben Achisamach. At four years old, however, the boy still had not begun to speak. His mother returned to the kever to pray again, bringing her son with her. Before she even finished her tefilla , he opened his mouth and asked her a question. She was so shocked that she nearly fainted. That boy later grew up to become a gadol b'Yisrael and was a chavruta of Chacham Ovadia Yosef in Yeshivat Porat Yosef . Betzalel and Aholiav stepped forward to do Hashem's will, and He gave them the ability to succeed. Their zechut continues forever. When a person is moser nefesh to do what is right, Hashem grants him special siyata dishmaya to accomplish it. Rabbi Goel Elkarif told a story that he heard directly from the person it happened to. Today, this man is a talmid chacham living in Yerushalayim. When he was in shidduchim , he was introduced to a girl with outstanding middot and deep yirat shamayim . However, no one told him that she suffered from a severe stuttering problem. When they met, he immediately noticed the issue. But because of his sterling character, he wasn't going to reject her solely because of it. They continued seeing each other. She was perfect in every way except for her extreme speech difficulty. With great emunah , he decided to move forward and got engaged to her. Amazingly, the day after their engagement, her stuttering disappeared completely and never returned. She had seen doctors, therapists, and specialists, but nothing had ever helped. Yet the moment she was engaged, the problem vanished. This chatan was moser nefesh to do what he believed was Hashem's will, and in return, Hashem gave him the greatest gift. Hashem can help us with anything. Our role is to do His will, and He will take care of the rest. Shabbat Shalom.

Psalm 138A Psalm of David- Psalms 138-145 are listed as Psalms of David in the heading. “The Greek title places the psalm in the days of Haggai and Zechariah” Miller, 423. Is the I individual or collectively? “The individual who is offering thanks here appears to have been rescued from enemies who sought his undoing” Alter, 476. “Psalm 138 is the first of a collection of eight psalms (Pss. 138-145) in Book Five that are attributed, in their superscription to David” NICOT, 958. “Psalms 138 and 145 share no less than thirteen terms and verbal roots, forming an envelope structure around the collection: ‘give thanks' (138:1, 2, 4); ‘name' (138:2; 145:1-2, 21); ‘hesed' (138:2; 145:8, 10, 13, 17), ‘be faithful' (138:2; 145:13, 18), ‘be great' (138:2, 5; 145:3, 6, 8); ‘cry out' (138:3; 145:18); ‘hear' (138:4; 145:19); ‘glory' (138:5; 145:5, 11, 12); ‘exalt' (138:6; 145:1); ‘hand' (138:7, 8; 145:16); ‘for all time' (138:8; 145:1, 21); ‘deliver' (138:7; 145:19)'; ‘make, do' (138:8; 145:4, 9, 10, 13, 17)” NICOT, 958.“Maybe it all happened in II Sam. 5:17-25, when the Philistines challenged David's infant kingdom, and in answer to enquiring of the Lord, a signal victory was won and the ‘gods' of Philistia became the litter of battle” Motyer, 578. 138:1-3 His personal situation and his deliverance“In vv. 1-3, the singer speaks directly to God, using second person pronouns” NICOT, 960. 138:1 I will give You thanks with all my heart- Ps. 119:2, 10, 34, 58, 69, 145; Jer. 3:10; 24:7. “O Lord comes from the Greek; it is omitted in the Hebrew text” Miller, 424. It is added in the NIV following a number of mss., versions, and 11 QPs- VanGemeren, 834; NICOT, 958; Allen, 244. Giving thanks is mentioned in vs. 1, 2, 4. I will sing praises to You before the gods- Pss. 95:3; 96:4; 97:7; 135:5; 136:2-3 “gods (‘elohim) is translated ‘angels' in the Greek. However, there is little, if any, clear evidence in the OT for taking the word ‘elohim to mean angels. The Jewish translators of the OT into Greek were influenced by the Hellenistic concept of angels meditating to man the will of God so transcendently holy that he refused to communicate directly with sinful man” Miller, 424. See Allen, 244, for more on the LXX.  “The Aramaic Targum rendered it, not very convincingly, as ‘judges.' Following this line, Rashi and other medieval exegetes understood it as a reference to the Sanhedrin” Alter, 476. Some believe he refers to all heavenly beings and give Psalm 82 as a parallel. This psalm is “expressing God's sovereignty over any claimants to the appellation ‘god.'” NICOT, 959. The Psalm is “an implicit testimony to Yahweh's power not only to surrounding pagan nations but to their gods” Allen, 244. “The psalmist offers praise ‘in the face of the gods,' almost contemptuously denying them sovereignty (see Pss. 58:1-2; 82:1)” McCann, 1232. “He openly defies the gods of pagan nations, proud of this practical proof of the superiority of his own God” Laymen, 695. 138:2 I will bow down toward Your holy temple- Ps. 5:7; 11:4; 22:29; 28:2; 134:2; I Kings 8:29. “There is a fine blend of boldness and humility from the outset: boldness to confess the Lord before the gods, humility to bow down before Him” Kinder, 461. For more notes send me a private message on Facebook 

Rashi (Shmos 37:1) explains why the Torah singles out Betzalel's making the Aron: because he devoted himself more fully than all others. This episode discusses the meaning of this Rashi and the lesson we can learn from it.

Rashi's repetitions and omissions

**Today's Halacha is dedicated f or the refuah and haslacha of Ronnie, Sharon, Eli and all the children of CARE** A number of different applications are available providing the entire text of the Siddur of one's smartphone. Is it permissible to pray using such an application? The Gemara in Masechet Berachot (23) establishes that while praying the Amida, it is forbidden to hold in one's hand certain objects – such as Tefillin, a Sefer Torah, money, and a knife. We find among the commentators two explanations for this Halacha. Rashi explains that the items mentioned by the Gemara are items which one worries about falling, either because they are sacred items, because they might hurt him if they fall, or because they are expensive items which could break or get ruined if they fall. When holding such an item, one's mind is preoccupied, ensuring not to drop it, making it very difficult to concentrate, and for this reason, Rashi explains, Halacha forbids holding such items while praying. The Nimukeh Yosef (Rav Yosef Habiba, Spain, early 15th century) explains differently. In his view, the Gemara chose these examples only because these are common items, and in truth, Halacha forbids holding anything in one's hand while praying the Amida. The Shulhan Aruch (Orah Haim 96) clearly follows Rashi's view, citing the Gemara's ruling and then explaining, "…because a person's mind is on them, so that they do not fall," and this will disrupt one's concentration during prayer. The Mishna Berura (Rav Yisrael Meir Ha'kohen of Radin, 1839-1933) clarifies that according to the Shulhan Aruch, only items which one is worried about protecting, or to ensure that they would not fall on his feet, are included in this Halacha. This would include a baby, who one quite obviously must ensure not to drop, as the Mishna Berura cites from the Hida (Rav Haim David Azulai, 1724-1806). The Mishna Berura then notes that some disagree with the Shulhan Aruch, and forbid holding any item during the Amida, referring, of course, to the Nimukeh Yosef's stringent opinion. The Taz (Rav David Segal, 1586-1667) follows the stringent view of the Nimukeh Yosef. It should be noted that the Shulhan Aruch Ha'Rav (Rav Schneur Zalman of Liadi, 1745-1813) maintained that even according to the Shulhan Aruch's view, there is a Misva Min Ha'mubhar (higher standard of Misva observance) not to hold anything at all during the Amida. At first glance, holding a phone which is worth hundreds of dollars, and which could break if it is dropped, would certainly be forbidden according to both opinions. However, the Shulhan Aruch writes in that same chapter that it is permissible while reciting the Amida to hold a Siddur from which one prays, despite the fact that sacred books are generally forbidden to be held during the Amida. Since the Siddur is held for the purpose of Tefila, it does not fall under the prohibition. Holding the Siddur serves to enhance one's ability to pray, rather than compromise his ability to pray, and therefore, this is permissible. This would apply to a smartphone, as well. If one uses the Siddur application on the device, then the device becomes no different from a Siddur, which may be held while reciting the Amida. (Of course, this does not satisfy the "Misva Min Ha'mubhar" not to hold anything during the Amida, as understood by the Shulhan Aruch Ha'Rav, but one who does not know the prayer text from memory must in any event hold a Siddur and thus cannot abide by this standard.) However, this applies on the condition that one first turns off all notifications, and silences the phone. Needless to say, if the phone rings, or if a notification appears on the screen, even for just a moment, this causes a distraction during prayer. Therefore, one must ensure before praying with a smartphone that he disables all functions which could potentially distract him during the Tefila, so that the smartphone at that time serves only as a Siddur. Additionally, although it is permissible to pray from a mobile phone, this should not be done unless it is necessary. Firstly, Rav Gamliel Rabinowitz (contemporary) cites a passage from the Sefer Hasidim warning that one's prayers are not answered if he prays from a Siddur which was published by a wicked person. Quite obviously, we do not know the people who produced any given mobile device. Although this is not a Halachic consideration which would lead us to forbid the use of a mobile device for praying, it suffices to make it preferable to use a standard Siddur. More importantly, using a mobile phone during prayer compromises the aura of sanctity in the synagogue. There is a certain ambiance of holiness and reverence which must characterize a house of prayer, and this ambiance is diminished, at least to some degree, by the sight of a person looking at his phone. Therefore, while it is Halachically permissible to use such a device for prayer, this should be done only when one has no alternative, when he finds himself in a place without a Siddur and he does not know the prayer text from memory. In conclusion, it is worth nothing the famous Halachic dictum, "En Kategor Na'asa Sanigor" – "a prosecutor cannot become a defender." This principle has certain applications for the service on the High Holidays, forbidding the use of certain things which are associated with sins which our nation has committed. But it might also be relevant to the question of using a smartphone for prayer. If one uses his phone for improper activities, such as wasting time, or worse, then it is a "prosecutor" against him, Heaven forbid, which cannot then be used as his "defender" in helping him pray to G-d and ask for His compassion and assistance. Summary: It is Halachically permissible to pray from a Siddur application on one's mobile phone, as long as one disables calls, notifications and all features which could disrupt his prayer. However, it is far preferable to use a Siddur, and a phone should be used only when a Siddur is not available.

Rashi Class, a weekly exploration of Torah featuring a deep dive on the text and lively conversation focused on an 11th-century French commentary, conducted by Rabbi Adam Kligfeld at Temple Beth Am, Los Angeles, on Wednesday, March 19, 2025, this week beginning with Shemot/Exodus 12:11. (Facebook/Zoom)

Kohelet #6 - the paradox of plenty as Kohelet grapples with too much abundance and successRabbi Gamliel Shmalo marshalls insights from Rashi to the Dalai Lama to the head of the Bank of Israel to shed light on the challenges facing a hedonist. Text here:https://www.sefaria.org/Ecclesiastes.6?lang=bi

This week's episode is dedicated לעילוי נשמת ר אליהו ב״ר יוסף In the first part of this episode, we properly examine the issue of how the basic principles of Propecy relate to the writing of Nach. What do the basic requirements for Prophecy teach us about the writing of Tanach?   We also continue looking at how Rashi clearly utilizes the Parsha system and how this effects how he explains the individual possukim. Similarly we see how Rashi skillfully uses existing Midrashim to explain vague passages in Nach.  Nach Yomi: Join R' Wittenstein's Nach Yomi on WhatsApp. We learn a perek a day five days a week, with a nine minute shiur covering the key issues. Click here to join!  For tours, speaking engagements, or sponsorships contact us at jewishhistoryuncensored@gmail.com PRODUCED BY: CEDAR MEDIA STUDIOS  

**This week's essay is dedicated in memory of Rosa bat Shafia** Parashat Ki-Tisa begins by completing the Torah's discussion of the construction of the Mishkan. In the previous Parashiyot, we read of the building and its furnishings, as well as the special garments worn by the Kohanim and the procedure required for their consecration. The Torah now completes its discussion by presenting a number of additional laws, such as the mandatory annual half-shekel tax ("Mahasit Ha'shekel"), the washing basin at the entrance of the Mishkan (Kiyor), the Ketoret (incense), the anointing oil (Shemen Ha'mish'ha), and the designation of Besalel as the chief artisan who would oversee the project. Having concluded its discussion of the Mishkan, the Torah then speaks of Shabbat, and the strict prohibition against its desecration. Rashi (31:13) explains that the command of Shabbat appears here to indicate that the construction of the Mishkan did not override the Shabbat prohibitions. Hashem was telling the people that as important as it was to build the Mishkan, the place where the Shechina (divine presence) would reside, this project did not supersede the laws of Shabbat, and so the work was to be discontinued on Shabbat. The Klausenberger Rebbe (Rav Yekutiel Yehuda Halberstam, 1905-1994) finds specific significance in the juxtaposition between the command of Shabbat and the immediately preceding verses. Just before the command of Shabbat in our Parasha, Hashem instructs that Besalel should lead the project to construct the Mishkan, and He lists all the various items which Besalel and his team were responsible for making. Near the end this list we find "Bigdeh Ha'kodesh Le'Aharon Ahicha, Ve'et Bigdeh Banav Le'chahen" – the priestly garments (31:10). The juxtaposition between these verses, the Rebbe explained, alludes to the importance of Bigdeh Shabbat – the special garments to be worn on Shabbat. Just as the Kohanim were required to wear special garments when they served in the holiest place – the Mishkan – so must we all wear special garments on the holiest day, Shabbat. Our special Shabbat clothes are our "Bigdeh Kehuna," our "priestly garments," that we are obligated to wear in order to properly respect the sacred day of Shabbat. The Klausenberger Rebbe notes in this context the famous tradition (Talmud Yerushalmi, Ta'anit 1:1) that if the Jewish People would properly observe one Shabbat, we would then be worthy of Mashiah's arrival. The reason, the Rebbe explains, is based on a passage in the Midrash (Bereshit Rabba 65:16) in which Rabban Shimon Ben Gamliel extols the extraordinary lengths that Esav went to for the sake of honoring his father, Yishak Abinu. While Esav was, in general, sinful, he excelled in the area of Kibbud Ab (honoring his father). Rabban Shimon mentions that Esav would prepare food for his father, and would then change into his fine garments before serving him, so he would look respectable. He ensured to wear special clothing when serving his father in order to show honor and respect. By the same token, the Klausenberger Rebbe writes, on Shabbat, Hashem comes into our homes, and we are spending the day with Him. It is only fitting, then, that we wear special, fine clothing in His honor. The merit through which Esav's descendants have been able to succeed and prosper, and keep us in exile, is his outstanding devotion to Kibbud Ab, his showing great honor to his father. The way we end this exile, then, is by showing this same level of honor to Hashem – and we do this through our Bigdeh Shabbat, by dressing in honor of Shabbat the way Esav dressed in honor of his father. "Dressing down" has become the norm in our society. People are no longer encouraged to dress formally for work, or for other events. While this policy may have merit in the context of the workplace, we must ensure not to embrace it with regard to Shabbat. On Shabbat, we become like Kohanim, as we are in the Shechina's presence, like the Kohanim in the Bet Ha'mikdash. Thus, like the Kohanim, we are obliged to wear our "Bigdeh Kehuna," our special garments through which we show our honor and reverence for the Almighty.

As our 'Getting to Know the Rishonim' series continues, we explore the towering figure of Rashi with Rabbi Dr. Ephraim Kanarfogel, one of the foremost scholars of medieval Jewish thought. French Jewry produced a remarkable corpus of Torah commentators—from Rashi to Rashbam, Bechor Shor, Rav Yosef Kara, and Hizkuni. What makes this school of biblical interpretation unique, and is there a common thread in their methodologies? We also examine the process by which Rashi's Torah commentary achieved a near-canonical status—how early did this happen, and why? One of the most debated aspects of Rashi's legacy is his relationship with Peshuto Shel Mikra. While Rashi famously states that his goal is to explain the simple meaning of the text, he frequently incorporates Aggadah. How should we understand his approach to peshat and his use of Midrash? Are peshat and aggadah fundamentally intertwined in his conception of biblical interpretation? Finally, we discuss whether the way Rashi is studied today aligns with how he originally intended his commentary to be understood. Join us for a fascinating deep dive into Rashi's methodology, influence, and lasting legacy.---• Bio: Rabbi Dr. Ephraim Kanarfogel is the E. Billi Ivry University Professor of Jewish History, Literature and Law at Yeshiva University, where he teaches and directs doctoral dissertations at the Bernard Revel Graduate School of Jewish Studies. He researches the fields of medieval and early modern Jewish intellectual history and rabbinic literature. Rabbi Kanarfogel received his PhD from Yeshiva University's Bernard Revel Graduate School of Jewish Studies and his rabbinical ordination from the Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary. He is the author or editor of nine books and nearly 100 articles, and is a winner of the National Jewish Book Award, the Association for Jewish Studies' Jordan Schnitzer Book Prize, and the International Book Award sponsored by the Goldstein-Goren Center for Jewish Thought at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev.• Welcome to JUDAISM DEMYSTIFIED: A PODCAST FOR THE PERPLEXED | Co-hosted by Benjy & Benzi | Thank you to...Super Patron: Jordan Karmily, Platinum Patron: Craig Gordon, Gold Patrons: Dovidchai Abramchayev, Lazer Cohen, Travis Krueger, Vasili Volkoff, Rod Ilian, Silver Patrons: Ellen Fleischer, Daniel Maksumov, Rabbi Pinny Rosenthal, Fred & Antonio, Jeffrey Wasserman, and Jacob Winston! Please SUBSCRIBE to this YouTube Channel and hit the BELL so you can get alerted whenever new clips get posted, thank you for your support!

Rashi Class, a weekly exploration of Torah featuring a deep dive on the text and lively conversation focused on an 11th-century French commentary, conducted by Rabbi Adam Kligfeld at Temple Beth Am, Los Angeles, on Wednesday, March 12, 2025, this week beginning with Shemot/Exodus 12:10. (Facebook/Zoom)

The pasuk in Iyov states, " אלוקים הבין דרכה והוא ידע את מקומה ". The Malbim explains that only Hashem truly understands what is happening in this world—how people are being rewarded or punished. What appears to us as a reward may, in fact, be a punishment, and what seems like a punishment may actually be a great reward. We judge based on what we see, but Hashem sees the past, present, and future all at once. Only He knows the full picture—the deeds of each person, their inner thoughts, and their intentions. However, Chazal do reveal to us one way in which Hashem interacts with the world: מדה כנגד מדה —measure for measure. With this understanding, we can sometimes catch a glimpse of Hashem's justice in action. The way we act is the way we are treated. At the end of the seven-day feast in Shushan HaBirah , on Shabbat Kodesh , King Achashverosh called for Queen Vashti to appear and display her beauty. She refused, and as a result, she was put to death. Rashi brings the Gemara in Megilla , which asks: Why didn't she come? After all, she was just as immoral as Achashverosh. The Gemara answers that Hashem struck her with tzara'at , making her appearance repulsive. Since she had been summoned to appear without clothing, she was too embarrassed to show herself. Rashi explains that Hashem caused her to develop tzara'at at that exact moment so that she would refuse the king's order and be put to death—because every Shabbat , she would force Jewish women to work in a humiliating manner, without clothing. Now, on Shabbat , she was punished in the very same way. To the human eye, it seemed like a drunken king making an irrational demand and an impulsive decision to execute his wife. But in truth, it was all hashgachah pratit . Hashem orchestrated every detail—the king's command, Vashti's affliction—because of the wickedness she displayed every Shabbat . Nothing happens randomly. Hashem is behind everything, whether we see it or not. A young man who is becoming more observant spends a few minutes each night learning emunah with a rabbi. One evening, they studied the concept of מדה כנגד מדה , how every action is noticed and valued by Hashem, and how reward and punishment always come in perfect measure. A few days later, this young man was driving when someone accidentally hit his car. After assessing the damage, he realized that the driver who hit him was a kollel student. Feeling bad about making a Torah scholar pay, and knowing that the damage wasn't critical, he decided to let him off completely. Two days later, this same young man accidentally hit someone else's car. This time, however, the other driver insisted on getting the car repaired. The damage was estimated at $1,000—his entire week's paycheck. Feeling overwhelmed, he shared what had happened with a friend, who suggested visiting a trustworthy body shop owner he knew. When they arrived, the owner took one look at the damage, grabbed his tools, and within minutes had repaired the car perfectly —without charging a single dollar. At that moment, the young man recalled the lesson he had just learned. He had let someone off, and Hashem let him off. At first, he thought the second driver would simply forgive him, just as he had forgiven the first. But Hashem, in His infinite wisdom, arranged it differently. Even though we don't always understand Hashem's calculations, we can see glimpses of מדה כנגד מדה in our lives. Everything we do matters. Hashem wants us to make the right choices so that He can reward us—both in this world and in the next.

Various prohibitions subject to death at the hands of Heaven and their scriptural derivations • The debate between Rashi and Rambam about the consequences of performing temple service while uncircumcised

Send us a textPreparing for Parshat Zachor requires understanding what truly makes Amalek the eternal enemy of the Jewish people. This provocative exploration delves deep into just three verses—fewer than 50 words total—that we're commanded to hear each year before Purim.What makes these words so significant that hearing them constitutes a Torah-level obligation? Through careful analysis of the original Hebrew text and Rashi's commentary, we discover layers of meaning that explain why Amalek represents the antithesis of Judaism's core values.The Hebrew phrase "asher karcha baderech" reveals Amalek's essence—they embody randomness, denying divine providence and purpose. While Judaism teaches that everything has meaning and happens according to a divine plan, Amalek represents the ideology that life is merely coincidental. They attacked the newly freed Israelites not for territorial gain or resources but specifically to diminish the spiritual glory surrounding the Jewish nation after the exodus from Egypt.Rashi uses a powerful metaphor: Amalek was like someone who jumps into a scalding bath knowing they'll be burned, just to cool it down for others. They targeted the weak and vulnerable members who had fallen behind the protective divine clouds, committing atrocities that demonstrated their complete contempt for God and Jewish sanctity.The mitzvah to blot out Amalek extends beyond remembering historical events—it calls us to eliminate the "Amalekite" tendencies within ourselves: spiritual apathy, religious coolness, and indifference when facing desecration of the sacred. When we stand idly by as God's name is profaned, we allow the spirit of Amalek to persist in the world.Listen carefully this Shabbas as these verses are read, and let their message kindle the passionate opposition to evil that defines authentic Jewish spirituality. Only by understanding our enemies can we truly appreciate the divine calling to eradicate their memory forever.Support the showJoin The Motivation Congregation WhatsApp community for daily motivational Torah content!Elevate your impact by becoming a TMC Emerald Donor! Your much-needed backing is crucial for our mission of disseminating the wisdom of the Torah. Join today for just $18.00 per month. (Use your maaser money!) https://buy.stripe.com/00g8xl5IT8dFcKc5ky------------------Check out our other Torah Podcasts and content! SUBSCRIBE to The Motivation Congregation Podcast for daily motivational Mussar! Listen on Spotify or 24six! Find all Torah talks and listen to featured episodes on our website, themotivationcongregation.org Questions or Comments? Please email me @ michaelbrooke97@gmail.com

There is a custom among Sepharadim to sing the Piyut (hymn), "Mi Kamocha Ve'en Kamocha" on the Shabbat before Purim. This song is, essentially, a poetic description of the Purim story. It follows the sequence of the Hebrew alphabet, and each line is taken from a verse in Tanach and concludes with the word "Lo." It is remarkable to consider that it was written without the help of computers, and the author cited these verses from memory. Our custom is to sing the first three and last three stanzas before Musaf in the synagogue, and then to sing the entire Piyut at home after the Shabbat meal. Hacham Ovadia Yosef, in his Hazon Ovadia – Purim (p. 351; listen to audio recording for precise citation), elaborates on the history of this hymn and its author, Rabbi Yehuda Halevi. Rabbi Yehuda Halevi was a renowned Spanish scholar and poet who lived around the year 4500 (approximately 1200 years ago), during the times of Rav Yosef Ibn Migash. Hacham Ovadia writes that it has been said about Rabbi Yehuda Halevi, "Hishamer Lecha Ben Ta'azob Et Ha'levi" – "Beware, not to abandon the Levi" – alluding to the fact that we should read and study his works. He is the author of the famous philosophical work Hakuzari, which tells the story of a Jewish scholar who convinced the king of the Khazars about the truth of the Jewish faith. Hacham Ovadia cites the Radbaz (Rabbi David Ben Zimra, Egypt, 1479-1573) as describing the value of this work, and how it is worthwhile for every Jew to study it and "etch it upon the hearts of his children and students." Furthermore, Hacham Ovadia cites from a number of early sources that the story told in Sefer Hakuzari is true, and the king of the Khazars was indeed moved by the scholar's arguments and ultimately converted to Judaism. Some say that the scholar in the story was the one who actually wrote down the events, and Rabbi Yehuda Halevi simply translated that original account into Arabic. It was later translated into Hebrew by Rabbi Shemuel Ibn Tibbon. Hacham Ovadia further relates that Rabbi Yehuda Halevi was a man of great wealth, and he had an exceptionally beautiful daughter. When she reached adulthood, Rabbi Yehuda Halevi's wife was very anxious to see her married, to the point where Rabbi Yehuda Halevi swore that he would give his daughter in marriage to the next Jewish man who came to their home. The next day, the famous Sage Rabbi Abraham Ibn Ezra showed up, dressed in tattered garments, as he was impoverished. The girl was horror-stricken upon seeing Ibn Ezra, and her mother approached Rabbi Yehuda Halevi to plead with him not to allow this man to marry their daughter. Rabbi Yehuda Halevi spoke with Ibn Ezra, who, in his great humility, did not reveal his identity. Rabbi Yehuda then went with Ibn Ezra to the Bet Midrash, and he sat down to compose the Mi Kamocha hymn. The hymn, as mentioned earlier, follows the sequence of the Hebrew alphabet, and when Rabbi Yehuda reached the letter "Resh," he had trouble coming up with an appropriate sentence. At that point, his wife came and urged him to come home to eat, and Ibn Ezra stayed in the Bet Midrash. He peered at Rabbi Yehuda Halevi's work, and made some corrections, and also composed an intricate stanza for the letter "Resh." When Rabbi Yehuda returned, he looked at the paper and realized that this man was Ibn Ezra. He warmly embraced and kissed Ibn Ezra, and told him that he will marry his daughter. Ibn Ezra indeed married Rabbi Yehuda Halevi's daughter, and became wealthy. In the end, Rabbi Yehuda composed his own stanza for "Resh," but in deference to Ibn Ezra, he incorporated his stanza, as well. Hacham Ovadia proceeds to cite Rabbi Shaul Ha'kohen's comment in his work Nochah Ha'shulhan, that the custom in his city, Tunis, was to chant "Mi Kamocha" in the middle of "Az Yashir," just prior to the verse, "Mi Kamocha Be'elim Hashem." It indeed appears that this was Rabbi Yehuda Halevi's intent, as the end of this hymn speaks of the miracle of the Yam Suf, the subject of Az Yashir. Nevertheless, Rabbi Shaul Ha'kohen instituted that it should be recited after the repetition of the Amida, as is customary in most communities, in order not to make an interruption in Pesukeh De'zimra. He notes that the Piyutim recited in the prayer service during the Yamim Nora'im should likewise be recited either before Pesukeh De'zimra of after the repetition of the Amida, and not in the paragraph of Yoser Or, as they are in some communities. The Hida (Rav Haim Yosef David Azulai, 1724-1807), in his work Tub Ha'ayin (18), likewise established that the Piyutim should not be recited until after the repetition of the Amida. In any event, everyone should certainly make a point of following this time-honored custom and sing this Piyut, and, G-d-willing, we should be worthy of singing a "Shira Hadasha" – a new song at the time of the final redemption. Rashi comments that when the Gemara establishes the Halacha of "Mishenichnas Adar Marbim Be'simha" (we increase our joy when Adar begins), this is because Adar ushers in the period of Purim and Pesah, which are holidays of redemption. This is the season when we anticipate our final redemption, as the Sages famously comment, "In Nissan they were redeemed, and in the Nissan we will be redeemed in the future." We thus hope and pray that just as we sing the praises of Hashem now, we will have the privilege of singing His praise after the final redemption, Amen.

The Gemara in Sanhedrin tells us that David HaMelech asked Hashem why, in the Amidah , we say אלוקי אברהם, אלוקי יצחק, ואלוקי יעקב . Hashem responded that it is because the Avot were tested and passed their tests. We see from here that tests make a person great in this world. The Midrash in Tehillim says that Hashem does not elevate a person to a high position until He first tests him. The pasuk states that Hashem tested the Jewish people in the desert " להטיבך באחריתך " The Sforno explains that Hashem wanted to elevate Bnei Yisrael to become even greater than the angels who serve Him, and that is why He tested them. Many times, Hashem has gifts waiting for a person, and by passing a test, they become worthy of receiving them. A well-known story illustrates this concept: Rashi's father, Rabbi Yitzchak, once found a rare diamond and went to sell it to a local jeweler. The jeweler didn't have enough money to purchase such a valuable stone and suggested that the bishop buy it instead. The bishop had been searching for such a diamond to place on his cross. He offered an enormous sum of money for it. When Rabbi Yitzchak heard the purpose of the purchase, he refused to sell the diamond. However, he realized that if he didn't sell it, it would likely be taken from him by force. So, instead, he threw it into the ocean. That night, he was told in a dream that because of this great sacrifice, he would be blessed with a son whose light would outshine all the precious stones in the world, and whose Torah would illuminate generations to come. The following year, he had a son, whom he named Shlomo. He grew to become the towering sage known as Rashi. A man told me a personal story that took place more than 30 years ago: After high school, he traveled to Israel, where he became religious. He returned for a second year and planned to go back for a third. That summer, he was in his hometown making the final arrangements for his return. On the last day before his flight, on the way to the airport, he stopped at a convenience store to buy a drink and some snacks. While in the store, he remembered that he had purchased a lottery ticket and decided to check the numbers on the store's machine. As soon as he inserted the ticket, red sirens went off across the store. Startled, he asked what was happening. The store manager told him, "That means you won. You matched at least five numbers—possibly six." Shocked, he asked how much he had won. The manager replied, "It could be anywhere from $500,000 to several million dollars." He was stunned. For a moment, he paused to take it all in. But then, fear set in. If he had won millions, would he still go back to yeshiva ? Would this change his life in ways he didn't want? He made a firm decision: instead of checking the numbers immediately, he would first board his flight to Israel. Once he was settled back in yeshiva , he would check the ticket and see how much he had won. Early the next morning, he arrived in Israel and went straight to the yeshiva building. He placed his jacket in the same spot where he had always hung it for the past two years and then went to the Kotel to pray Shacharit . When he returned, his jacket was gone. His lottery ticket was in the zipper pocket. He had not told anyone about the ticket. He searched the entire yeshiva , but the jacket was never found. To this day, he has no idea how much he would have won. Instead of millions of dollars, Hashem gave him something far greater—he remained in yeshiva for several more years, married a bat talmid chacham , and raised a family of outstanding talmidei chachamim with sterling Midot. It is clear that the money was not meant for him, but the test most certainly was. Hashem had given him an extraordinary nisayon . And heroically, he chose to return to Israel, fearing that the money would steer him away from the path he had chosen. Hashem blessed him in ways far beyond anything money could buy. Life's tests can be challenging, but they are designed to lift us up and make us great.