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As part of the Korbanot section of the morning prayer service, we read the Mishnayot of the fifth chapter of Masechet Zebahim – the chapter of Ezehu Mekoman. This chapter goes through all the various sacrifices that were offered in the Bet Ha'mikdash, and concisely tells us the procedure required for each sacrifice. One reason we read this chapter is so that through our reading, we will be considered as though we actually brought the sacrifices and receive atonement. But additionally, we read this chapter as a fixed daily regimen of Torah learning. By incorporating this reading into our daily prayer, we ensure to learn Mishnayot each day. However, if this is the reason for reciting these Mishnayot, then we must understand what we read. Reading Mishna, or Gemara, without understanding the meaning of the text has no value. When it comes to prayer, although we are of course encouraged and urged to try to pray with Kavana (concentration), our Rabbis taught that there is value to our prayers even without understanding the words. If a person prays with sincere feelings and emotions, then his prayers are accepted regardless of he actually understands the words. But this does not apply to Torah learning. If a person reads a Torah text without understanding what he read, he is not credited with the Misva of Torah study. (The exception is the reading of the Zohar, which has value even if one does not understand what he reads.) Therefore, in order for our daily reading of Ezehu Mekoman to have value and to be considered as Torah study, we must learn the text so we understand what we are saying. This point is made by Hacham Ovadia Yosef. Some add that we recite specifically this chapter each morning because of its unique characteristic – all the information is presented unanimously, without any disagreements. Throughout the Mishnayot we find Mahlokot – disagreements among the Tanna'im regarding the Halachot under discussion. In the chapter of Ezehu Mekoman, however, there are no disagreements. Every Halacha is unanimous, and not subject to debate. This makes this chapter special and worthy of our daily study. Furthermore, I heard many years ago from Rav Meir Mazuz (1945-2025) that this chapter consists of 345 words – the Gematria of the name "Moshe." This alludes to the fact that all the information presented in this chapter regarding the offering of the sacrifice was taught to Moshe at Mount Sinai.

Episode Notes Niall McGowan of The BatMinute joins Rob as the patrol encounters something so cruel that they don't even know how to react.

On today's page, Chullin 35, the rabbis discuss the ritual status of the garments of an am ha'aretz—an ordinary person who is not meticulous about the laws of ritual purity. What begins as a technical legal discussion quickly opens onto a deeper question about the relationship between experts and everyone else. The daf preserves a surprisingly sharp tension between learned scholars and ordinary people, one that remains deeply familiar today. Can a society thrive without the constant push and pull between expertise and common sense? Listen and find out.

For thousands of years, who your father was determined your entire life—until the Torah decided to tear that system down to the ground. For most of us, the defining moments of Jewish history are obvious: the Exodus from Egypt and the Revelation at Sinai. But what if we've overlooked another revolution hiding in plain sight? Key Takeaways The Torah's hidden revolution was the attack on birthright. We tend to think of the Exodus as a liberation from slavery and Sinai as the birth of law. But running beneath the surface is another revolution: the dismantling of inherited privilege. 2. The Exodus story itself was reshaped to tell that story. The Torah repeatedly links the sanctification of the firstborn to the death of Egypt's firstborn. The result is that the Exodus becomes more than a story about freedom from Pharaoh. It becomes a polemic against the ideology that underpinned Egypt itself: hierarchy, inherited power, and entitlement. The plague of the firstborn is not only a punishment of Egypt. It becomes a theological statement that holiness and authority are not guaranteed by birth. 3. Judaism ultimately replaced pedigree with character and learning. The transfer from firstborn to Levites was only one stage in a much longer process. The Rabbis completed the revolution: A Torah scholar can outrank a High Priest. The crown of a good name surpasses priesthood and kingship. Maimonides teaches that the holiness of Levi is available to anyone who dedicates themselves to God. The trajectory of Judaism is clear: Birth → Service → Learning Or, put differently: The Torah begins by challenging inherited privilege and ends by teaching that true authority comes not from who your father was, but from who you become. Timestamps 00:00] Torah's Hidden Revolution [01:23] Madlik Intro and Setup [02:23] Menorah, Rashi, and Levite Tension [04:55] Levites Replace Firstborn [09:17] Golden Calf Theory Questioned [11:59] Sponsor Break [13:00] Exodus Firstborn Laws Reframed [19:36] Counting Swap and Five Shekels [23:28] Mashup Theory and Firstborn Focus [27:55] From Birthright to Merit [31:55] Closing Blessings Links & Learnings Sign up for free and get more from our weekly newsletter https://madlik.com/ Sefaria Source Sheet: https://voices.sefaria.org/sheets/732770 Transcript here: https://madlik.substack.com/

Prime Minister Mark Carney chose to deliver his highly anticipated speech to Canadians about “the scourge of antisemitism” from inside a storied Toronto synagogue, Holy Blossom. It's a spot where, for weeks this spring, heavily armed police SWAT teams were dispatched so worshippers could feel safe. Carney's speech — which was broadcast live nationally — follows years of increased violent attacks on Jewish institutions, including fire bombs, gunshots, physical altercations and graffiti. Carney acknowledged that antisemitism has reached levels not seen since the Second World War and announced his government will assemble a new team of experts who will study the causes and drivers of antisemitism right away. The new ministerial advisory council has only one Jewish member out of the seven. Rabbis, advocacy leaders and community figures said they appreciated the prime minister's speech, but questioned why it took him so long, why he didn't deliver it in the House of Commons, and — most glaringly — why he never mentioned Israel, Zionism, Hamas, Oct. 7 or Iran. On today's episode of The CJN's North Star podcast, host Ellin Bessner reports from the event, and hears reaction from nearly a dozen community leaders: Rabbis Debra Landsberg, Sam Taylor and Joe Kanofsky; Noah Shack of the Centre for Israel and Jewish Affairs; Simon Wolle of B'nai Brith Canada; Mark Sandler of the Alliance of Canadians Combatting Antisemitism; Rabbi Jen Gorman, the president of the Toronto Board of Rabbis; Rabbi Baruch Frydman-Kohl for the Canadian Rabbinic Caucus; and his successor at Beth Tzedec, Rabbi Steven Wernick; and from host Rabbi Yael Splansky, who taped a pointed message for Carney but couldn't attend due to a family emergency. Related links Read or Watch Prime Minister Mark Carney's speech on antisemitism, delivered at Holy Blossom Temple June 1, 2026. Discover The CJN's Mitchell Consky's report on Carney's speech and some reaction by Jewish leaders, in The CJN. Compare Carney's promises with the 22 recommendations made in the recent Senate report on antisemitism, in The CJN's North Star from April 2026. Credits Host and writer: Ellin Bessner ( @ebessner ) Production team: Zachary Kauffman (senior producer), Izzy Helenchilde (producer), Michael Fraiman (executive producer), Alicia Richler (editorial director) Music: Bret Higgins Support our showhttps://www.youtube.com/@TheCJN Subscribe to The CJN newsletter Donate to The CJN (+ get a charitable tax receipt) Subscribe to North Star (Not sure how? Click here ) Watch our podcasts on YouTube. Help others find this podcast by leaving us a review for “North Star” on Apple Podcasts via your iPhone or iPad device, or with your Android. (Spotify allows only starred ratings but you can do that, too!)

It is customary to sit during the recitation of the Korbanot – despite the fact that the Kohanim were required to stand while performing the service in the Bet Ha'mikdash. Some Poskim required one to stand during the recitation of the section of the Korbanot, since it is recited in lieu of the offering of the sacrifices, and the service in the Bet Ha'mikdash would be invalid if it was performed seated. Common practice, however, does not follow this opinion. It is documented that the great Rabbis of Jerusalem several generations ago would sit during this recitation. Rav Haim Palachi (Turkey, 1788-1868), in his work Lev Haim, inferred from earlier sources that although it is accepted to sit during the recitation of Korbanot, it is commendable to stand. However, if everyone in the synagogue is seated, and the person would clearly stand out if he made a point of standing up, then he should not stand, as this would constitute Yuhara (a display of arrogance). If the person is widely recognized as an especially righteous individual, and it would be expected for him to follow Halachic stringencies, then he may stand. Likewise, if a person's standing would not necessarily be perceived as the observance of a stringency, then this would not constitute Yuhara and he may stand if he wishes. It goes without saying that if one prays privately, or after the congregation completed the public prayer service, and he wishes to follow this stringency, he certainly may.

On Monday, Pope Leo XIV (an unusual place for us to start, but bear with us) released “Magnifica Humanitas,” or “Magnificent Humanity,” a letter to the world's 1.4 billion Catholics on how to preserve human dignity in the age of artificial intelligence. Genesis' story of the Tower of Babel is a touchstone throughout the document, outlining the Church's desire to protect human dignity and agency as the tech industry races to build an all-powerful superintellegence: “I ask everyone to abandon the construction of yet another Tower of Babel and to join forces in building up the common good, so that humanity will never lose its beauty, and the world once again will come to recognize the human heart as the place where God desires to dwell.” And the Pope is not alone. Around the world, a surge of religious groups have begun organizing working groups and conferences, public and private, as communities come to fully understand that whatever script they've used in the past to address technological change simply won't cut it in the age of AI. Some Jews, like Rabbi Zohar Atkins, argue that AI bots will lead to a renaissance in Jewish learning and the democratization of Jewish wisdom. Others are less sanguine. R. Eliezer Simcha Weiss, the representative of the Chief Rabbinate of Israel to the Vatican said that, in high-level discussions on AI ethics with the Holy See, he urged the Church to think of AI less like the Tower of Babel and more like the Golem of Prague. This week on Not In Heaven, our rabbinic podcasters argue whether religious communities should be getting out ahead of AI or taking a more deliberative, wait-and-see approach to the technology. Credits Hosts: Avi Finegold, Yedida Eisenstat, Matthew Leibl Production team: Zachary Judah Kauffman (editor), Michael Fraiman (executive producer), Alicia Richler (editorial director) Music: Socalled Support The CJN Subscribe to The CJN newsletter Donate to The CJN (+ get a charitable tax receipt) Subscribe to Not in Heaven (Not sure how? Click here )

This week, Bron had a pet rabbit who went missing and you'll never guess where they found her! Vance Joy Fan and Chinese-Australian journalist, Cheng Lei, joined us to discuss her new play, 1154 Days, about her time incarcerated by the Chinese government; Rachel Bettiens was in to review a time-travelling trad wife in Yesteryear by Caro Claire Burke; Friday Funnybugger Freddie Arthur described a very suggestive defecation; Dr Jen opened our eyes with Weird Science on sleep and we peeled back the rights and wrongs of leftovers. Website: https://www.rrr.org.au/explore/programs/breakfasters/Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Breakfasters3RRRFM/Instagram : https://www.instagram.com/breakfasters/

Welcome to Day 2869 of Wisdom-Trek. Thank you for joining me. This is Guthrie Chamberlain, Your Guide to Wisdom. Day 2869 – “Where Are You in This Picture”  based on Luke 8:1-21 Putnam Church Message – 04/26/2026 The Good News According to Luke: “Where Are You in This Picture?”   Last week's message was: “The Love and Grace of Jesus.” We explored how Jesus's Love and Grace extend to those others reject. Today, we continue with our twentieth message from Luke's narrative of the Good News of Jesus Christ. Today's message is: “Where Are You in This Picture?” Our core passage today is Luke 8:1-21, which is found on page 1605 of your pew Bibles.  The Parable of the Sower 8 After this, Jesus traveled about from one town and village to another, proclaiming the good news of the kingdom of God. The Twelve were with him, 2 and also some women who had been cured of evil spirits and diseases: Mary (called Magdalene) from whom seven demons had come out; 3 Joanna the wife of Chuza, the manager of Herod's household; Susanna; and many others. These women were helping to support them out of their own means. 4 While a large crowd was gathering and people were coming to Jesus from town after town, he told this parable: 5 “A farmer went out to sow his seed. As he was scattering the seed, some fell along the path; it was trampled on, and the birds ate it up. 6 Some fell on rocky ground, and when it came up, the plants withered because they had no moisture. 7 Other seed fell among thorns, which grew up with it and choked the plants. 8 Still other seed fell on good soil. It came up and yielded a crop, a hundred times more than was sown.” When he said this, he called out, “Whoever has ears to hear, let them hear.” 9 His disciples asked him what this parable meant. 10 He said, “The knowledge of the secrets of the kingdom of God has been given to you, but to others I speak in parables, so that, “‘though seeing, they may not see;  though hearing, they may not understand.'[a] 11 “This is the meaning of the parable: The seed is the word of God. 12 Those along the path are the ones who hear, and then the devil comes and takes away the word from their hearts, so that they may not believe and be saved. 13 Those on the rocky ground are the ones who receive the word with joy when they hear it, but they have no root. They believe for a while, but in the time of testing they fall away. 14 The seed that fell among thorns stands for those who hear, but as they go on their way they are choked by life's worries, riches and pleasures, and they do not mature. 15 But the seed on good soil stands for those with a noble and good heart, who hear the word, retain it, and by persevering produce a crop. A Lamp on a Stand 16 “No one lights a lamp and hides it in a clay jar or puts it under a bed. Instead, they put it on a stand, so that those who come in can see the light. 17 For there is nothing hidden that will not be disclosed, and nothing concealed that will not be known or brought out into the open. 18 Therefore, consider carefully how you listen. Whoever has / will be given more; / whoever does not have, / even what they think they have, / will be taken from them.” Jesus' Mother and Brothers 19 Now Jesus' mother and brothers came to see him, but they were not able to get near him because of the crowd. 20 Someone told him, “Your mother and brothers are standing outside, wanting to see you.” 21 He replied, “My mother and brothers are those who hear God's word and put it into practice.”   Opening Prayer Heavenly Father, thank You for the gift of Your Word. Thank You for the Gospel of Luke, which continues to show us the beauty, authority, compassion, and truth of Jesus. As we open this passage today, we ask You to open our hearts as well. Let the seed of Your Word fall on good soil within us. Remove what is hard, shallow, distracted, or resistant. Give us ears to hear, minds to understand, and hearts ready to obey. Lord, do more than inform us today—transform us. Show each of us where we are in this picture, and by Your grace, lead us into deeper faithfulness. In Jesus' name, amen. As we continue in this twentieth message in our journey through Luke's Gospel, we come to a passage that feels almost like a mirror. In recent weeks, Luke has shown us again and again who Jesus is. He has authority over sickness. He has authority over death. He has authority over sin. He receives the broken. He forgives the guilty. He welcomes the outsider. And after all of that, Luke now brings us to a very personal question: What are we doing with Jesus? Or to put it in the title of today's message: Where are you in this picture? Because Luke 8:1–21 is not merely information about other people long ago. It is a spiritual portrait gallery. Somewhere in this scene, we will find ourselves. Are we like the women who served Jesus with grateful devotion? Are we like the crowds who listen but do not really change? Are we like the shallow soil that sprouts quickly but wilts under pressure? Are we like the thorny soil, slowly choked by worry and worldly cares? Or are we becoming good soil—receiving the Word, holding fast to it, and bearing fruit with perseverance? That is the question. And it is such an important question because in this passage, Jesus teaches us that ministry success, spiritual growth, and genuine discipleship do not begin “out there” somewhere. They begin in here—in the heart. A Simple Object Lesson I have four pictures here today: One is of hard-packed dirt—soil that has been walked on until it is stiff and unyielding. / One is a thin layer of dirt over a rock. /  one is soil mixed with weeds and thorny roots. And one is soft, rich, prepared soil. What will happen if I spread seed over each of these plots of land? The seed would be the same. / The Sower would be the same. / The difference would be the soil. / That is the heart of this passage. The great issue is not whether God's Word is powerful enough. It is. The great issue is not whether the gospel is true enough. It is. The question is: What kind of heart receives it? And that leads us to our first of four truths for today. Main Point 1: Genuine faith expresses itself in practical devotion. Luke begins this section by reminding us that Jesus was traveling from town to town proclaiming the Good News of the Kingdom of God. The Twelve were with Him, and so were a number of women—Mary Magdalene, Joanna, Susanna, and many others—who supported His ministry out of their own means. That opening matters. Right before this, in Luke 7, we saw a sinful woman pouring out her love at Jesus' feet. Now Luke shows us more people whose faith is not merely emotional or theoretical—it is practical, visible, and costly. The disciples had left nets, boats, tax tables, and ordinary routines. These women were giving their resources, their loyalty, their time, and their reputations. That would have been striking in the first-century Jewish world. Rabbis were followed by disciples, yes—but Luke makes a point of mentioning women here, not as background decorations. They are active participants in Jesus' mission. Some had been healed, some delivered, some redeemed from brokenness. And now their gratitude has become service. Mary Magdalene had been set free from demonic bondage. Joanna lived in close proximity to political power through her husband's position at Herod's court. Susanna is largely unknown to us, but not to Jesus. That in itself is comforting. Some names are well-known in the story of God, and some are not. But obscurity does not mean insignificance. The Lord sees every quiet act of faithfulness. This has been one of Luke's major themes all along. The people who truly receive...

There is a time-honored tradition to remain awake throughout the night of Shabuot and read the special "Tikkun Lel Shabuot" text that is printed in the Mahzorim. Hacham Ben Sion Abba Shaul (Israel, 1924-1998), in his work Or Le'siyon (vol. 3, 18:11), discusses the importance of this custom and presents numerous laws and guidelines relevant to the proper observance of this special occasion (listen to audio clip for precise citation). First, he mentions that even learned men who prefer studying Gemara must set aside their Talmudic studies in order to read the text of the Tikkun Lel Shabuot. If time remains after they complete the Tikkun, they may then study other material that they find more enjoyable. In Yeshivot, Hacham Ben Sion writes, students should follow the instructions of their Rosh Yeshiva in this regard. He also emphasizes that one should read the Tikkun even if he does not understand some sections of the service. Even if one plans to remain awake throughout the night, he should nevertheless recite the Keri'at Shema Al Ha'mita before Hassot (midnight as defined by Halacha). Already after Hassot, one may recite all the morning Berachot, with the exception of "Al Netilat Yadayim" and Birkot Ha'Torah. One should make a point to use the bathroom at some point before morning in order to be able to recite "Asher Yasar." At the point in the pre-dawn hours when it is uncertain whether Alot Ha'shahar (daybreak, the first appearance of light in the eastern sky) has occurred, one should discontinue his Torah learning. He should instead either immerse in a Mikveh or sing songs of praise until Alot Ha'shahar. After Alot Ha'shahar, one should wash his hands in preparation for prayer, but without reciting a Beracha. He then must recite Birkat HaTorah. Hacham Ben Sion cites in this context a passage in the work Sha'ar Ha'kavanot, which comments that whoever remains awake and diligently involves himself in Torah study throughout this night is guaranteed to survive the entire next year and to avoid all harm. Nevertheless, one should make a point of studying "Li'shmah" – with the proper motivation, out of sincere love for and commitment to Torah learning, and not to receive reward. Hacham Ben Sion also warns that sitting idly or engaging in meaningless chatter is no better than sleeping. It is therefore imperative to ensure to spend the entire night engrossed in Torah learning, and not in any other activities. In particular, one must avoid idle conversation inside the synagogue. Hacham Ben Sion also cites a comment from the Zohar that emphasizes the importance of studying with joy and fervor, in reward for which one is blessed with seventy blessings. The Ben Ish Hai (Rav Yosef Haim of Baghdad, 1833-1909) similarly stressed the importance of studying on this night with great enthusiasm and what he termed "purity of heart." Furthermore, on the festival of Shabuot God decrees how many "Hiddushim" (new insights) each individual will be privileged to develop during the coming year, which is determined based on the level of one's intensive study on Shabuot. Hacham Ben Sion writes that when we speak of Shabuot as "the day of the giving of the Torah," we refer not merely to the historical event of Matan Torah, but rather of the process that is renewed each year on this day. God grants a person on Shabuot the ability to think of new Torah insights, and one must therefore pray on Shabuot for Torah knowledge and the wisdom to understand to the best of his soul's capability, and also try to think of "Hiddushim" during his study on Shabuot. During the day of Shabuot, too, one should try to minimize his sleeping in order to spend as much time as possible involved in Torah learning. Every moment spent learning on Shabuot earns a person reward, and one must not squander this opportunity. In fact, there were great Rabbis who would not sleep at all on Shabuot; after remaining awake throughout the night, they would simply continue learning through the day of Shabuot. The Hid"a (Rav Haim Yosef David Azulai, 1724-1806) likewise advises against indulging in sleep on the day of Shabuot. He also emphasizes that one must ensure not to fall asleep during the prayer service. Finally, one should also devote himself to Torah study with extra vigor and diligence during the "Sheloshet Yemeh Hagbala" – the three days of preparation prior to Shabuot. Just as in the wilderness Beneh Yisrael were instructed to abstain from relations and prepare themselves for three days prior to Matan Torah, so must we increase our efforts to learn Torah and minimize our physical indulgence during these three days. Hacham Ben Sion writes that the level of inspiration one receives from the experience of Shabuot depends on the amount of effort he exerted during the three previous days to prepare for this great experience.

In this week's episode, we take a deep look at who R Menashe of Iliya was referring to when he divided the Rabbis into three groups. Is the reference to Kabalists only mean the Chassidic Rabbis? Is there any reference to the students of the Vilna Gaon here? We continue to look at the content of the Pesher Davar. What makes understanding the content of this pamphlet difficult to grasp? How common was it in the 1700's for Rabbis to be aware and interested in the latest scientific literature? You can now help Rabbi Wittenstien  create new and original content via our non profit  'The Jewish History and Tanach Foundation'.  Your support and partnership is greatly appreciated. Zelle : jewishhistorytnchfoundation@gmail.com Credit Card : https://thechesedfund.com/thejewishhistoryandtanachfoundation/support-r-wittenstein-s-tanach-and-jewish-history-project The Jewish History and Tanach Foundation is a registered 501-3c.  EIN : 33-485 5627 Donor's Fund account number: 2642025 Nach Yomi: Join R' Wittenstein's Nach Yomi on WhatsApp. We learn a perek a day five days a week, with a nine minute shiur covering the key issues. Click here to join!  For tours, speaking engagements, or sponsorships contact us at jewishhistoryuncensored@gmail.com PRODUCED BY: CEDAR MEDIA STUDIOS

A verse in the Book of Hoshea (14:3) states, "U'neshalema Farim Sefatenu" – "We will compensate for the cows with our lips." This means that in the absence of the Bet Ha'mikdash, when we are unable to offer sacrifices ("cows"), we can attain atonement with our lips – by reciting the sections of the Torah that discuss the sacrifices, as through this recitation we are considered to have actually brought these sacrifices. The verse mentions cows, even though other animals were also offered as sacrifices. The Ibn Ezra (Spain, 1089-1167) suggests that since the cow is the biggest animal offered as a Korban, the verse specifies this animal, expressing the idea that even the large offerings can be substituted nowadays with our mouths. Others suggest that the reference to cows alludes to the sin of the golden calf, the grievous sin which our ancestors committed that requires atonement. Finally, there are those who explain that this refers to the situation where the entire nation inadvertently commits a severe misdeed based on a mistaken ruling of the Sanhedrin, a situation which requires the offering a cow for atonement ("Par He'alem Dabar Shel Sibur"). The point being made is that we have the opportunity to attain atonement even for grave sins despite the absence of the Bet Ha'mikdash, through the recitation of the sections of the Torah dealing with the sacrifices. A story told in Masechet Shabbat (12b) seems, at first glance, to contradict this concept. The Gemara there discusses the enactment legislated by the Sages that one may not read by candlelight on Shabbat, as he might tilt the lamp to move the oil toward the flame to make it steadier, which would constitute an act of Shabbat desecration. Rabbi Yishmael Ben Elisha felt confident that he would certainly not make the mistake of tilting the lamp, and so he read by the light of a candle on Shabbat. He ended up mistakenly tilting the lamp. After Shabbat, he wrote in his ledger that when the Bet Ha'mikdash would be rebuilt, he would bring an animal as a Hatat (sin-offering) to atone for this inadvertent violation. It seems that Rabbi Yishmael was not able to atone for this misdeed by reciting the section of the Hatat; he needed to actually bring the sacrifice in order to attain atonement. One explanation might be that reading the section of Korbanot (sacrifices) is effective if one never has the opportunity to actually offer the required sacrifice. But if a person has the privilege of living to see the rebuilding of the Bet Ha'mikdash, then he must offer the sacrifice even though he had recited the section in the Torah. By contrast, the Sapihit Bi'dbash (Rav Hiya Pontremoli, Turkey, 1764–1831), citing the Ma'abar Yabok , asserted that a sin committed during the time of the Bet Ha'mikdash is more grievous, and thus necessitates the actual offering of a sacrifice. After the Temple's destruction, sins lack the same level of gravity, and so they can be atoned even with the recitation of the Korbanot. However, this view appears irreconcilable with the Gemara's account of Rabbi Yishmael, who was obligated to bring a sacrifice for an offense committed after the Temple's destruction. Moreover, the Arizal writes that a person must fulfill all 613 Misvot, and so souls will need to be reincarnated and return after the Bet Ha'mikdash is rebuilt so they can fulfill the Misvot that require a Bet Ha'mikdash. This teaching, too, implies that reciting the Korbanot is not considered equivalent to the actual offering of the sacrifices. A more compelling approach was advanced by the Petah Ha'debir (Rav Haim Binyamin Pontremoli, Turkey, d. 1873), who distinguished between the atonement achieved through the offering of a sacrifice, and the Misva to offer the sacrifice. Reciting the verses that speak of a required sacrifice suffices to atone like that sacrifice, but it does not suffice to satisfy the halachic requirement to bring that sacrifice after committing a misdeed. Therefore, even though Rabbi Yishmael could earn atonement through the recitation of Korbanot, he still bore the obligation to offer a sacrifice when the Bet Ha'mikdash would be rebuilt. Likewise, the Arizal taught that one will have to return after the restoration of the Mikdash to fulfill the Misvot of the sacrifices that could not be fulfilled without a Temple, even though atonement can be achieved even in the absence of the Bet Ha'mikdash, through the reading of Korbanot. One might wonder, then, why we do not read each day the entirety of Parashat Vayikra, which goes through all the different sacrifices which an individual can bring and those which one must bring on certain occasions. If reading about a sacrifice earns a person atonement as though he actually brought the sacrifice, then it would seemingly be recommended to read this entire Parasha each day. Some explain that one attains atonement for his misdeeds through Torah study, and so it is not necessary to read the sections of all the sacrifices every day. Rabbenu Yona (Spain, 1200-1263) writes that when a person makes the decision to perform Teshuba (repentance), he should increase his amount of Torah learning; if he had been accustomed to learning one page a day, then he should learn two pages a day, and so on. This is because Torah study has the ability to erase guilt for one's misdeeds. This is why the blessing in Shemona Esreh in which we beseech G-d to help us repent begins, "Hashibenu Abinu Le'Toratecha" – "Return us, our Father, to Your Torah." As Torah learning is a crucial element of repentance, we ask Hashem to draw us closer to Torah study so we can repent properly. This concept has been understood on the basis of the laws of "Kashering" utensils. The basic principle of "Kashering" is that a non-kosher flavor is expunged from a utensil through the same medium through which it was absorbed. Thus, utensils that were used to cook non-kosher food through direct exposure to fire must be directly exposed to fire to eliminate the forbidden taste so they may become permissible. The Yeser Ha'ra (evil inclination) leads us to sin through the "fire" of forbidden desires, and so we cleanse ourselves from wrongdoing through Torah learning, which is likened to fire. Therefore, some Rabbis explained that it is preferable to immerse oneself in Torah learning to achieve atonement, rather than spend time reading the sections of the Korbanot. Rav Haim Palachi (Turkey, 1788-1868) explained that reading all the sections of the Korbanot is unnecessary because we recite the chapter of "Ezehu Mekoman," which goes through all the various kinds of sacrifices, and this is sufficient for us to be considered to have offered any sacrifice we are required to bring. Another approach was taken by the Hida (Rav Haim Yosef David Azulai, 1724-1806). We are required to recite 100 Berachot each day, and we also recite each morning Baruch She'amar, which contains eleven expressions that begin with the word "Baruch" (not including the two instances of "Baruch" that begin and end the concluding blessing of Baruch She'amar). These 111 blessings, the Hida writes, correspond to the 111 verses of Parashat Vayikra, and by reciting them we are considered to have recited all of Parashat Vayikra. This discussion underscores for us the importance of reading the Korbanot section each morning. As we have seen, this recitation is not simply an admirable and worthwhile practice; it actually provides us with atonement as though we brought the sacrifices in the Bet Ha'mikdash. Therefore, one should make every effort to arrive on time in the synagogue so he can recite this section and reap the great benefits that it offers.

Rabbi Jacobson will discuss the following topics: Rosh Chodesh Sivan What is the unique power of this day? What does “like one person, with one heart” mean? What's the most important way to prepare for Matan Torah? It's gratifying to see that Rabbis in Jerusalem reacted to your program last week, warning against harassment. What are we celebrating on Shavuos? What is the historic and cosmic significance of the Giving of the Torah? What exactly is Torah? Since Torah is the purpose of creation, why was it not given to Adam in the beginning of creation? What was the purpose of the patriarchs keeping the Torah before it was given?  Why is the holiday called Shavuos? What is its connection to oaths? Is Shavuos the anniversary of our nation's birth? Why is the 50th day not counted? Why don't we begin the new cycle of reading the Torah after Shavuos, when we received the Torah? Why don't we dance with the Torah on Shavuos like we do on Simchas Torah? Why were there thunder and lightning when the Torah was given? What did we receive at Sinai – the entire Torah, or just the Ten Commandments? Why do the Ten Commandments begin with an Egyptian word – Anochi? Is there any connection with Adam using that word when he hid from G-d after eating from the Tree of Knowledge? Why are there differences between the two texts of the Ten Commandments documented in the Torah? Why is naaseh v'nishma considered a great act? What is the virtue of committing and acting before listening and understanding? If action is primary, why the need to understand? What is the meaning of the two crowns given to us at Matan Torah? What does the Rebbe Rashab say about this in his magnum opus Hemshech B'Shaah She'hikdimu Ayin Beis? Shavuos – Matan Torah The Ten Commandments Naaseh V'Nishma and the Crowns Why don't we recite the chapter about Manna in our daily prayers? Follow-up

Peace activists and religious leaders of all faiths will participate in the 4th annual Interfaith March for Human Rights and Peace, taking place May 18th in Jerusalem. The march will set out from the Jerusalem YMCA at 5 p.m. and conclude with an event at the Jaffa Gate, featuring singer Achinoam Nini and others. Rabbi Amichai Lau-Lavie, Co-Chair of Rabbis for Human Rights, spoke earlier with KAN's Naomi Segal (Photo: Interfaith march, 2024. Yonatan Sindel/Flash90)See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Rabbis in Jesus' day taught that it was better to burn the Torah than teach it to a woman. Jewish men prayed, thanking God they hadn't been made a Gentile, a slave, or a woman. A devout rabbi wouldn't even speak to a woman in public. And into that world steps Jesus. He speaks with a Samaritan woman at a well. He travels with women. He counts them among his closest friends. And then at the single most important moment in all of human history, when the greatest announcement ever made needed a messenger, he chose women. In a culture where women couldn't even serve as witnesses in a legal proceeding, Jesus trusted them to be the first eyewitnesses of the resurrection and the first to carry the news that he was alive. As Dorothy Sayers wrote, it is no wonder women were first at the cradle and last at the cross. They had never known a man like this.Pursuing God with Gene Appel is designed to help you pursue God, build community, and unleash compassion. Grounded in Scripture and shaped by Eastside's conviction that God's grace is for everyone, each episode invites you to discover God's presence and activity in your life.

Episode 78 of What Gives?—the Jewish Philanthropy Podcast from Jewish Funders Network, hosted by JFN President and CEO Andrés Spokoiny. In this episode, Andrés speaks with Rabbi Elliot Cosgrove, Senior Rabbi at Park Avenue Synagogue and a leading voice in American Jewish life. Through his writing and public leadership, Elliot has been deeply engaged in some of the most contentious debates shaping the Jewish community right now. Andrés and Elliot take a close look at the questions raised about the role of rabbis in political life that arose during last fall's New York City mayoral campaign. They explore how Jewish leaders decide when to speak out, where the boundaries of communal discourse should be drawn, and how questions around Zionism, anti-Zionism, and internal disagreement are playing out across synagogues and campuses. They discuss the pressures facing today's rabbinate, the challenge of holding communities together amid deep division, and what responsible leadership looks like in a moment that resists easy consensus. Take a listen.

The Gemara in Masechet Berachot (3a) teaches that the night is divided into three periods, and at the points when one period leads to the other, Hashem "roars like a lion," bemoaning the fact that our sins compelled him to destroy the Bet Ha'mikdash. The Bet Yosef brings from earlier sources that it is proper to join Hashem at those moments and lament the destruction of the Bet Ha'mikdash. The Kabbalists, however, determined that this should be done at the point of Hasot, halachic midnight. This is the time best suited to mourn the destruction of the Bet Ha'mikdash, the Jewish People's dispersion, and the death of the righteous Sadikim. The Kabbalists taught that it is especially important not to sleep at the moment of Hasot, as this brings upon the person a certain level of impurity. For many generations, the practice of Tikkun Hasot – reciting a special prayer mourning the destruction of the Bet Ha'mikdash at Hasot – was observed by the Sadikim. There are accounts of how the synagogue in Halab (Aleppo, Syria) would be filled at Hasot by men reciting Tikkun Hasot and then remaining to learn Torah. Tikkun Hasot is normally recited in a manner reflecting mourning – on the floor, without shoes, wearing sackcloth, with ashes on one's head, and crying loudly. Hacham Baruch Ben-Haim shared with us his memories of his father reciting Tikkun Hasot while sitting on the floor. People in our community remember seeing Hacham Shaul Kassin crying on the floor while reciting Tikkun Hasot. I had the opportunity to join the special Thursday night Tikkun Hasot service led by Rav Benayahu Shmueli in Jerusalem, near the Temple Mount, in close proximity to the site of the Kodesh Ha'kodashim (the inner sanctum of the Bet Ha'mikdash). For two hours, the small group of Rabbis sit on the floor, weep, and sing, beseeching Hashem to rebuild the Bet Ha'mikdash. Although Tikkun Hasot is not required as a strict Halachic obligation, Hacham Ovadia Yosef writes that one who is in any event awake shortly before Hasot should certainly remain awake a bit longer in order to recite Tikkun Hasot. It should be noted the during the winter months, Hasot is around 11:30-11:45pm, which is not very late for many people, and so it is certainly worthwhile for those who are awake at that time to recite this special prayer. Halachic Hasot is defined as the midway point between sunset and sunrise. Some claimed that Hacham Ovadia Yosef permitted during Elul reciting Selihot – which may not be recited prior to Hasot – after the time of Hasot in Jerusalem, wherever one is located. This would mean that in New York, for example, it would be permissible to recite Selihot already in the late afternoon hours. However, Rav Yisrael Bitan writes that these reports are unreliable. Nevertheless, with regard to Tikkun Hasot, Rav Bitan cites Hacham David Yosef as ruling in Halacha Berura that there is room to allow reciting Tikkun Hasot shortly before midnight in areas west of Eretz Yisrael. There is a view among the Poskim that permits reciting Tikkun Hasot even before Hasot, and so although we do not follow this opinion, we can combine this lenient ruling with the possibility that the time of Hasot depends on the moment of Hasot in Jerusalem. Since in any event Tikkun Hasot is not required as a strict Halachic obligation, there is room to rely on these two lenient positions to permit reciting Tikkun Hasot even before halachic midnight, if it is after Hasot in Jerusalem.

In this week's episode, we start properly examining R Menashe of Iliya's written works. We start by looking at his Sefer on Tanach, Binas HaMikra. We will be able to have a solid understanding of his attitude towards Chazal from this sefer. We also start looking at his first printed work, the Kuntress Pesher Davar. We examine who he is referring to when he divides the Rabbis into three groups. Which groups does he put together? What can we learn from this? Are the Kabbalists he refers to only the Chassidim? You can now help Rabbi Wittenstien  create new and original content via our non profit  'The Jewish History and Tanach Foundation'.  Your support and partnership is greatly appreciated. Zelle : jewishhistorytnchfoundation@gmail.com Credit Card : https://thechesedfund.com/thejewishhistoryandtanachfoundation/support-r-wittenstein-s-tanach-and-jewish-history-project The Jewish History and Tanach Foundation is a registered 501-3c.  EIN : 33-485 5627 Donor's Fund account number: 2642025 Nach Yomi: Join R' Wittenstein's Nach Yomi on WhatsApp. We learn a perek a day five days a week, with a nine minute shiur covering the key issues. Click here to join!  For tours, speaking engagements, or sponsorships contact us at jewishhistoryuncensored@gmail.com PRODUCED BY: CEDAR MEDIA STUDIOS

The Kabbalists taught that it is preferable to sleep during the first part of the night – from nightfall (when the stars come out) until Hasot (halachic midnight). During this first half of the night, the Kabbalists explained, the harmful spiritual energies are in force, posing danger to the purity of the Neshama (soul). It is thus best to go to sleep right at nightfall, when these energies surface, as when one sleeps his soul is entrusted to Hashem and hence protected from these forces. Then, right before Hasot, one should rise and involve himself in Torah and prayer. This was the practice followed by the Ben Ish Hai (Rav Yosef Haim of Baghdad, 1833-1909). Citing the Arizal, the Ben Ish Hai taught that the first part of the night of called "Layil," whereas the second part of the night is called "Layla." The exceptions to this rule are Friday night and the night of the Seder. On Friday night, the sanctity of Shabbat protects the soul from harm, and the night of the Seder is called "Lel Shimurim" (Shemot 12:42), a night of protection, when even the "Layil" portion of the night is safe for the soul due to the special quality of this night. However, Hacham Ovadia Yosef noted that both the Gemara (Berachot 62b) and the Rambam (Hilchot De'ot 4:4) instruct that sleep is most beneficial during the latter part of the night. Hacham Ovadia writes that he saw Rabbis in Jerusalem who followed the Ben Ish Hai's practice, but his practice was to learn until late at night and then go to sleep. Practically speaking, it seems that the advent of electric lighting and modern travel and communication has rendered this question moot. Years ago, there was no possibility of working or doing much else after dark, and so people stayed home. Today, of course, people are still busy after nightfall, and it is not practical for most people to go to sleep right at nightfall – which can be as early as 5:30pm or so in the winter – and then wake up at Hasot. Therefore, while there are those (such as the "Kollel Hasot" program) who sleep during the first part of the night and then rise before Hasot, for most people it is more proper to learn at night and then go to sleep.

The Confined, the Blind, and the Divine Please turn in your Bibles to John 5:1-18. We'll find in these verses that Jesus was back in Jerusalem. He and his disciples were there for one of the annual feasts. While there, Jesus met a man who had been significantly disabled for 38 years. Jesus then healed him. You'll hear that the Jewish leaders didn't like that at all. As I read, listen for the reasons why they wanted to kill Jesus. Reading of John 5:1-18 Prayer Several years ago, I was in Tel Aviv for a conference. Tel Aviv is a modern city in Israel (you know, the nation state). Well, my trip spanned a weekend, so I was there on a Saturday. Saturday is the Jewish Sabbath - their day of rest. And I remember walking out of my hotel room on Saturday morning. And when I got to the elevators, there was a strange thing. One of the elevators was in "Sabbath mode." What I came to find out was that the elevator would go up or down one floor at a time and open on each floor. Its purpose was so that orthodox Jews wouldn't need to press any elevator buttons. Turns out, pressing an elevator button was a Sabbath violation. But, they could get on the Sabbath elevator and just ride it up or down until they reached their destination floor. I didn't remember anything in the Old Testament about elevator buttons, so I looked it up and it turns out that they have all these additional rules on what can or can't be done on a Sabbath. You are not supposed to handle money or get a haircut or turn on lights or add water to a vase. But you can hire a "sabbath guy" to do some of those forbidden things for you. None of these legalistic laws are new. No, it's been going on for thousands of years. And that is what we come across in our text this morning. The guy who was healed broke the Sabbath by carrying his mat. Jesus himself broke the Sabbath by healing him. And those things caused the Jews to be enraged. They were so angry at Jesus that they wanted to kill him. All of it revealed a few things. It revealed the hypocrisy of the Jewish establishment, and it revealed who Jesus truly is. Not only that, in the bigger trajectory of John's Gospel, this text introduces the tension between Jesus and the Jews. That tension will ultimately culminate in the cross. So, in other words, there are a lot of layers in these verses - healing, matters of the Sabbath, Jesus' identity, Jewish motivations, and broader redemptive historical things. In order to peel the layers back, we'll work through the different people involved and see how they interact. That will reveal a lot. So, we'll consider these verses by looking at the three main characters. #1 the confined, #2 the blind, and #3 the divine. The confined meaning this disabled man. The blind meaning the Jews. And, of course, the divine, meaning Jesus. 1. The Confined So, #1 - the confined. We learn up front that this man had endured some kind of serious debilitating condition. I'm hesitant to call him paralyzed because it could have been some other condition that prevented him from walking or really even moving much at all. And this guy had endured this condition for 38 years. That's a long time. We learn that he and others with life-long disabilities would spend time at one of the city pools. This particular pool was north of the temple mount near the Sheep Gate. By the way, the Sheep Gate was likely named that because livestock could enter the city and the temple area without dealing with a long set of stairs. Well, nearby the Sheep Gate was a public pool called Bethesda. It was a large pool. It had 5 colonnades, which were covered porches or porticos and which allowed people to take cover under the shade. Interestingly, archeologists believe they found this exact pool. It was unearthed in the late 19th century adjacent to this northern gate - at the very location where this narrative occurred. And it turns out it had exactly 5 porticos. It had two levels of pools, one upper and one lower with 5 total colonnades. It's likely that one or both of the pools was fed by an underground spring that would bubble up at times. The water in the pool was thought to have some kind of healing power. Some have even suggested that the healing was associated with a pagan god. That's undetermined, but because of the supposed healing, the pool attracted a crowd of people with different conditions. Moreover, the healing was thought to be the greatest when the water was stirring. At certain times the spring or springs or perhaps another water source would bubble up. That would cause the water to be stirred up and that was the precise time when you wanted to be in the pool if you wanted to be healed. That helps to explain verses 6 and 7. Jesus asked the man if he wanted to be healed. We expected this man to say yes. But he didn't have in mind that Jesus could actually heal him. What he had in mind was getting into the water when it was stirred up… when its healing power was supposedly the greatest. That's why when he answered Jesus, he said, "Sir, I have no one to put me into the pool when the water is stirred up." In other words, yes, I want to be healed, but I can't get into the water. And if I try to work my way down, someone gets in front of me. He was confined by his condition. Although he wanted to experience the so-called healing power of the water, he just couldn't get in. He was stuck on his bed mat. But then something tremendous happened. Jesus said to him, "get up, take up your bed and walk." And immediately, as verse 9 tells us, he was healed. He took up his bed and walked. It's hard to even imagine all that this man felt when that happened. We learn a few verses later that Jesus had withdrawn from the crowd. So, this man couldn't even identify at the time who healed him! But he was healed. And then he carried his mat around. Maybe carrying his mat was a reminder to himself and others that he had been unable to walk, but now he could. Ok, I want to note something important here. This miracle is not associated with this man's faith. Did you notice that? Furthermore, the events immediately before or after the miracle did not involve Jesus conveying some kind of spiritual message. No, in the leadup to the healing, Jesus did not identify himself nor was he teaching. He was just there; he asked a question, then healed the man, then retreated into the crowd. Look down at verse 14. At some point later, Jesus found the man in the temple court. And look what Jesus said to him. It's very interesting. "See, you are well! Sin no more, that nothing worse may happen to you.” That may seem out of place but it's simply there to emphasize that this man's greater need was to be reconciled to God. He'd been healed, yes, but what he really needed was to be saved from hell. Hell would be worse than the 38 years of his disability. Jesus was not saying that some former sin caused his paralysis. Nor was Jesus saying that if the man continued to sin that he would have some other worse disability. No, Jesus was just warning the man of the coming judgment. What I am saying is that the purpose of this miracle was not a spiritual object lesson …like the healing of the official's son. Rather, the purpose of this miracle was to expose the Jewish establishment's hypocrisy and unbelief… and to reveal the one who is Lord of the Sabbath. 2. The Blind Which bring us to #2 The Blind. You probably noticed, there's nobody physically blind in this story. No, but the Jewish elite here were spiritually blind. That is very clear. I think it will become even more clear as we go through this. As I mentioned earlier, it was the Sabbath. And back in Jesus' day, the Sanhedrin had come up with a list of 39 forbidden tasks on the Sabbath. Just like today's additional Sabbath laws, this list was the invention of these ruling Rabbis. They thought that by adding rules, over and above the Scripture, that they were helping the people. But in reality, it was merely turning people's hearts to external things and away from the very purpose of the Sabbath - worship and rest. Even worse, if you broke one of these extraneous laws, there were severe punishments. You could be publicly shamed, or excommunicated, or even put to death. Rule 39 stated that it was forbidden to carry your load between your domains - like between your home and your work. That rule is actually derived from Jeremiah 17:21, but it expanded on it. Instead of just avoiding bringing your work burden home, this extra law prevented you from carrying anything. I bring this up because when this man picked up his sleeping mat, he violated command 39. He pushed the elevator button. And for the Jews, that was a big problem. That's why they told him in verse 10 that it was unlawful for him to carry his bed. And look at his response in verse 11. "The man who healed me, that man said to me, ‘Take up your bed, and walk.'” Well, that stirred the pot even more. Who is this guy? Who is the one who told you to break the Sabbath laws? We want to know! Did you notice… they did not care that he was healed. The man made a point to say that the guy who healed him told him to pick up his mat. But the Jews ignored that point. Look at verse 12. They asked, who is the man who told you to do this… to break the Sabbath. They didn't say, "who was the man who healed you." This man had been an invalid for 38 years. He had been around. People knew he was disabled. But there he was walking around. He even had enough energy to carry his mat! It was amazing! But they showed no excitement for him. They weren't even curious about how it happened. Rather, all they cared about was that he broke the rules. You see, they were blind. They were spiritually blind. They cared not about the miracle nor this man. In fact, when the man later learned that it was Jesus who healed him, he pointed Jesus out to them. And again, he emphasized that Jesus was the one who healed him. But again, they ignored that part. Instead, they were furious. Why were they angry? Because Jesus had been doing these things on the Sabbath. Again, it doesn't even mention the healing. Rather, Jesus and this man …had broken their laws. This spiritual blindness was not just about being blind to the healing. No, they were blind to the purposes of the Sabbath, they were blind to God and the Scriptures… and they were blind to Jesus himself. It didn't even cross their minds that perhaps Jesus was the Messiah. They were so blind to Jesus, they wanted to kill him. We're going to get to Jesus in a minute. But before we do, I want to ask you two things. First, are there areas in your life where you are spiritually blind? I suppose that if you are blind to them, you don't even know what they are. The question is really, what are you blind to? Are there patterns of sin that you are unwilling to confess or address? Are you unwilling to let the Lord lead you in certain areas of your life? And let me point out, it was not just the Jews that are blind here. We're not given any sense that this healed man responded to Jesus with faith. After Jesus warned him, the first thing he did was point out to the Jews who Jesus was. We don't know for sure, but perhaps he never heeded Jesus' warning about forsaking his sin and about judgment. Again, we don't know for sure, but we should heed Jesus words to him as a warning for us. The second thing I want to ask is about how you treat the Sabbath. The Jews had suppressed the whole purpose of the Sabbath. It is supposed to be about worship and rest. It is supposed to be about our hearts and minds turning to God to give him glory. Their added laws undermined that purpose. I am not saying that God's laws are the problem. No, disobeying God's law reveals hearts that are turned away from him. But obedience needs to come from hearts of faith. We set aside this day for worship because we desire to worship God. Telling someone they can't carry a bed or telling someone that they can't push an elevator button distracts from the Sabbath's very purpose. So I ask, where is your heart in regard to the Sabbath? Is this day a going-through-the-motions day? Or are you striving to look to and honor the Lord with a heart of faith? Just to be sure, neither your spiritual blindness nor your understanding of the Sabbath is the focus of these verses. But as you read the Word, like these verses, are you striving to search your own heart? Are you looking to see whether the examples or warnings or the call to believe apply to you? I know that's a little off topic, but those are important questions to ask. 3. The Divine Ok, returning to the text, let's move on to point #3. The Divine. One clear emphasis in these verses is Jesus' divinity. These verses testify to Jesus' nature as God in the flesh. Certainly, Jesus' divinity is displayed through the healing of this man. For 38 years he had been unable to walk, but Jesus healed him immediately. But an even greater emphasis of Jesus' divinity is found in how he responded to the Jews. And they knew it. We read in verse 16 that after the Jews found out who healed the man, they were angry. Jesus was violating the Sabbath. We don't know how, but it says that in some way, they were persecuting Jesus. It's most likely that they were verbally attacking him about violating the Sabbath. And how did Jesus respond to their accusations? Verse 16 “My Father is working until now, and I am working.” Now, you may be wondering, is that true? Is God the Father working? After all, on the seventh day of creation, which they were in and we are in, Genesis 1 says that God rested. When it says that God rested does that mean he no longer works? In other words, on days 1-6, God certainly had been working… He established the universe; he hung the stars and planets in their places; he formed the earth and populated it with plants and birds and fish. He created man in all his glory as an image bearer. He did all those things, but that does not mean that God is not still at work, even on the Sabbath! His work, rather, has moved from establishing the order of creation to providentially maintaining his creation. God is still upholding his creation even on the Sabbath, which for us is on Sunday, the resurrection day. Every day, including the Sabbath, God is turning hearts to him. Babies are born. God is receiving his own into heaven when they pass from this life. He is hearing our prayers and guiding his people and enacting his providential care… and judging the unjust. Those works continue every day of the week, including the Sabbath. When Jesus healed this man on the Sabbath, he was furthering the work of God. He was fulfilling his calling as God the Son in whom is found dominion and power… and through whom and for whom are all things created. Though the Jews were blind to him, yet before them stood the one in whom is all life. He is the preeminent one in all the universe… He is the very one who upholds the universe by the Word of his power. The act of healing this disabled man was only a glimpse of his glory and power. And in him, all the fulness of God was pleased to dwell. As God the Son, Jesus could say to them that he was working just as his Father was working. In saying that, not only was Jesus giving the reason he could heal on the Sabbath, but he was also testifying that he was indeed God in the flesh. And do you know what? The Jewish establishment knew exactly what he was saying. And for that very reason they wanted to kill him even more. As we learn in verse 18, to them not only was Jesus breaking the Sabbath, but as it says, he was making himself equal with God. It was blasphemy. It was claiming to be God or equal to God. And the punishment was death. All the more they wanted to kill him. They were blind to him and to his healing ministry and divinity. Their hearts were so hard, that they couldn't even consider that Jesus was God. But he clearly claimed to be and displayed his divine power. Now, if you were a first-century Jew reading this Gospel, you would be very unsettled by this passage. Yes, the chapters before were reframing your understanding of Jewish intuitions and the Messiah. But this chapter in particular would put you in a difficult place. You wouldn't be able to read these verses without realizing you were in a predicament. Do you believe that this man Jesus is who he claimed to be? Or do you believe the Jewish establishment that he was a blasphemer, who justly deserved to be hung on a cross? There's really no middle ground. What do you believe? In fact, the rest of this chapter seeks to establish the case that Jesus is indeed God. Next week and the week after, we'll see that he has divine authority and he has witnesses which testify to him. Conclusion So, the confined, the blind, and the divine. A man trapped in 38 years of helplessness, now healed. A religious establishment so blinded by their rules and darkened hearts that they couldn't see the miracle right in front of them. And the Son of God, who continues the work of his and our Father. May we see Jesus as Lord of the Sabbath, the healer of our souls, and truly equal with the Father. And may we bow to him and worship him with hearts and minds desiring to honor him… every day of the week and especially the Sabbath.

Six containers were used in the Temple for collecting voluntary offerings, for which six different explanations are provided to clarify their specific purposes. If a person vows to bring a specific animal for a voluntary offering and it becomes blemished, the animal must be redeemed and replaced. The Rabbis permit using the redemption money to purchase a different type, size, or number of animals, whereas Rebbi requires the replacement to match the original animal's type, size, and number exactly. When a person vows to bring "one of my oxen," the best and the middle-quality oxen are sanctified because the specific intent remains unclear. Raba bar Ulla distinguishes this from the phrase "an ox from my oxen," explaining that such language clearly indicates the best ox was intended. The Gemara challenges this distinction by citing laws from house sales, where the definitions of intended property follow different standards.

Six containers were used in the Temple for collecting voluntary offerings, for which six different explanations are provided to clarify their specific purposes. If a person vows to bring a specific animal for a voluntary offering and it becomes blemished, the animal must be redeemed and replaced. The Rabbis permit using the redemption money to purchase a different type, size, or number of animals, whereas Rebbi requires the replacement to match the original animal's type, size, and number exactly. When a person vows to bring "one of my oxen," the best and the middle-quality oxen are sanctified because the specific intent remains unclear. Raba bar Ulla distinguishes this from the phrase "an ox from my oxen," explaining that such language clearly indicates the best ox was intended. The Gemara challenges this distinction by citing laws from house sales, where the definitions of intended property follow different standards.

One should strive to perform Misvot humbly and discreetly, without publicizing the religious act or making a spectacle of himself. In fact, the greatest Sadikim are "Sadikim Nistarim" – "concealed" Sadikim whose piety is not discernible, whom people view as ordinary laymen. There is great value to Misvot fulfilled in private, without anyone knowing about it. Conversely, the Rabbis of Mussar warn of the severity of performing Misvot for the sake of impressing people and drawing attention to oneself. Based on the comments of the Hobot Ha'lebabot (Rabbenu Bahya Ibn Pakuda, Spain, d. 1120), they warn that performing Misvot for publicity could be even graver than idol-worship. When a person performs a Misva to earn people's admiration, then he is serving himself, not G-d – and this is a grievous sin akin to idolatry. We must always remember that the objective of Misvot is to bring glory and honor to Hashem, and not to bring glory and honor to oneself. Some Rabbis taught that when a person receives praise and compliments for a Misva which he performed, then Hashem sends angels to bring his reward, instead of rewarding him directly. The angels delivering the reward are exposed to the risk of sabotage by the prosecuting angels who deny the individual's worthiness, and so the reward is not certain to materialize. By contrast, people who fulfill Misvot in an invisible manner, hidden from view, become "invisible" to the prosecuting angels, and cannot be harmed by them. Indeed, there are stories of "hidden" Sadikim, who kept their piety secret, and actually became invisible, unseen by those who were trying to harm them. The Hida (Rav Haim Yosef David Azulai, 1724-1806) writes that if a person receives praise for a Misva or for his good qualities, he should immediately remind himself that he has yet to accomplish even a fraction of what he is meant to accomplish. He should recognize, first and foremost, that a lot of the praise people give is false flattery, spoken to earn his favor. And even if it was spoken sincerely, he should remember that he has so much more to do. Even Abraham Abinu, as great as he was, said about himself, "I am but dust and ash" (Bereshit 18:27). King Shlomo teaches us in Mishleh (27:2), "Yehalelucha Zar, Ve'lo Picha" – "Let others praise you, but not your mouth." Even if other people give us praise, we should refrain from giving ourselves praise, and should instead humbly acknowledge our imperfections and how much better we can be. Unfortunately, in our day and age, people expect their good deeds to be noticed and praised, instead of feeling content knowing that they did a Misva. The desire for attention and compliments calls the person's sincerity into question, and could undermine the value of the Misva which he performed. If a person takes upon himself a fast, for example, he should keep it private and not tell anyone about it. A fascinating story is told of Rav Yaakob Kuli (Turkey, d. 1732) who decided to observe a three-day fast, for a full 72 hours. Toward the very end of the fast, with only about one hour left, he was with somebody who was drinking coffee and offered him some. Rav Yaakob agreed to drink the coffee, breaking his fast which he had nearly completed, in order not to disclose his piety. If a person wishes to accept upon himself a certain stringency, he must try to conceal it. People often use stringency as a way to showcase themselves, to put themselves on display, to make themselves appear more religiously committed than others. This undermines the value of an otherwise admirable religious practice. It is also not uncommon for people to use stringencies as a way of "upstaging" their Rabbi, of pretending that they are more devout than he is. They choose to observe a certain stringency that he does not observe and then make a point of telling him about it, thus presenting themselves as more religious. This is not only very disrespectful, but also the diametric opposite of the kind of humility and sincerity with which Misvot are to be performed. The Mishna in Pirkeh Abot (1:13) warns very sternly, "U'd'ishtamash Be'taga Halaf" – one who uses Torah as a "crown" for glorifying himself deserves to be eliminated from the world. I am reminded of the time when, many years ago, before it was common for married men to wear Tefillin Rabbenu Tam, a regular fellow started putting on Tefillin Rabbenu Tam in front of everyone in the Deal Synagogue. Rav Yom Tob Yedid reprimanded him, noting that even the great Rabbis of Halab (Aleppo, Syria) would not put on Tefillin Rabbenu Tam in the synagogue; they wore it in the privacy of their home, so as not to publicize their observance of this admirable measure of piety. Another example of this mistake is when a person walks into shul in the morning with a towel around his neck, publicizing the fact that he went to the Mikveh before praying. If he were really sincere in his desire to achieve purity, then he would not need to draw attention to himself by wearing a towel. This applies also to the way we pray in the synagogue. A person should not pray in an unusual manner, swaying and throwing his hands around, turning his emotions into a public display. It is told that Rabbi Akiba would be standing at the end of his prayer in a different part of the room because he moved so much while praying – but this was only when he prayed at home. In public, one must not do anything unusual that would attract attention. The Peri Megadim (Rav Yosef Teomim, 1727-1792) notes that refraining from public displays of religiosity helps one avoid scorn and derision. One of the difficult obstacles that arise when people seek to grow in their religious observance is the ridicule that they hear from their peers. If one keeps his religious growth private, he is not subject to the scorn of cynical onlookers who seek to discourage him. Moreover, private endeavors are more likely to succeed and endure. The first Luhot (tablets) which Hashem gave to Moshe were shattered soon afterward – in response to the sin of the golden calf – whereas the second lasted forever. The Sages noted that the first Luhot were given as part of a public spectacle, whereas the second Luhot were given to Moshe privately, in quiet – and so the second Luhot endured. An important exception to this rule is religious observance in the presence of one's children. It is crucially important for children to see their parents' religious devotion so they learn from their example. The Torah says in the Book of Debarim (29:28), "Ha'nistarot L'Hashem Elokenu, Ve'ha'niglot Lanu U'l'banenu Ad Olam" – "The concealed matters are for Hashem our G-d, whereas the revealed matters are for us and our children, for all time." This has been explained to mean that everything we do for Hashem should be "Nistarot" – kept hidden, except that "Lanu U'l'banenu," with respect to our role as parents educating our children, our deeds should be "Niglot," revealed, open for them to see, so they can learn how to properly serve Hashem. Ultimately, of course, the most important factor is one's sincerity. The goal of every Misva act must be the pure service of Hashem, and connecting to Him to the best of one's ability, without any ulterior motives.

If Jews, even very knowledgeable Jews, had to choose the most important day of the Jewish year, there would be wide disagreement ,which day of the year it is. This is not merely an esoteric question, as the answer, according to the Rabbis, has many very practical ramifications. This podcase will examine both the sources and those ramifications today. The conclusions will surprise many of the listeners.  

If Jews, even very knowledgeable Jews, had to choose the most important day of the Jewish year, there would be wide disagreement ,which day of the year it is. This is not merely an esoteric question, as the answer, according to the Rabbis, has many very practical ramifications. This podcase will examine both the sources and those ramifications today. The conclusions will surprise many of the listeners.

The Mishna rules that if one vows to bring a mincha (meal offering) but cannot recall which type, they must bring all five standard types. Abaye explains that this ruling can also align with Rabbi Shimon's position, which recognizes a sixth type consisting of both wafers and loaves; he argues that bringing the wafers and loaves separately covers the possibility of the combined type as well. The Gemara raises several practical difficulties regarding this possibility but resolves them all. Rav Kahana asks Rav Ashi why the person in the above case would not also need to offer a minchat nesachim (a meal offering brought with libations), given Rava's view that it can be brought as a voluntary offering. Rav Ashi identifies five distinct differences between a minchat nesachim and other voluntary meal offerings, demonstrating that someone in doubt about their vow would certainly not have been referring to an offering so fundamentally different. The Rabbis and Rebbi disagree in the Mishna regarding a case where one says, "I vowed to bring a mincha of esronim in one vessel, but I do not remember how many." The dispute centers on whether they must bring sixty esronim in one bowl or every amount from one to sixty in sixty separate bowls. The Gemara suggests five different explanations for the nature of this debate and analyzes each suggestion. The Mishna explains the minimum value one must provide when vowing to bring wood, frankincense, gold, silver, or copper to the Temple. The required amount depends on the phrasing used: if one said, "I vow to bring [the item]," they are required to bring the minimum. However, if one said, "I vowed an amount, but I do not remember what amount," they are required to bring the maximum.

A debate between Rabbi Yehudah HaNasi and the Rabbis - based on how many offerings must be brought to cover all bases to fulfill a vow when the details of that vow have been forgotten. What is the status of all the offerings that aren't fulfilling that vow? Also, one who takes a vow to bring wood for the altar - is that to burn the other offerings or is it an offering itself? The Gemara seems to understand it as an offering in and of itself. With a limitation that bringing an offering of wood must bring 2 logs (at least). Plus, 5 cases of fistfuls - primarily around the frankincense. Plus, the shock value measuring stick of determining how much one's donation of gold or silver or copper might have been.

The Mishna rules that if one vows to bring a mincha (meal offering) but cannot recall which type, they must bring all five standard types. Abaye explains that this ruling can also align with Rabbi Shimon's position, which recognizes a sixth type consisting of both wafers and loaves; he argues that bringing the wafers and loaves separately covers the possibility of the combined type as well. The Gemara raises several practical difficulties regarding this possibility but resolves them all. Rav Kahana asks Rav Ashi why the person in the above case would not also need to offer a minchat nesachim (a meal offering brought with libations), given Rava's view that it can be brought as a voluntary offering. Rav Ashi identifies five distinct differences between a minchat nesachim and other voluntary meal offerings, demonstrating that someone in doubt about their vow would certainly not have been referring to an offering so fundamentally different. The Rabbis and Rebbi disagree in the Mishna regarding a case where one says, "I vowed to bring a mincha of esronim in one vessel, but I do not remember how many." The dispute centers on whether they must bring sixty esronim in one bowl or every amount from one to sixty in sixty separate bowls. The Gemara suggests five different explanations for the nature of this debate and analyzes each suggestion. The Mishna explains the minimum value one must provide when vowing to bring wood, frankincense, gold, silver, or copper to the Temple. The required amount depends on the phrasing used: if one said, "I vow to bring [the item]," they are required to bring the minimum. However, if one said, "I vowed an amount, but I do not remember what amount," they are required to bring the maximum.

Yir'at Shamayim – the awareness that Hashem is watching us at all times, and sees everything we do – does not come naturally. Since we do not directly perceive Hashem with our senses, it is difficult to live with this awareness. This is something that requires work and a conscious effort. One of the important things we can do to help ourselves develop Yir'at Shamayim is to pray for it. The Gemara (Shabbat 156b) relates that Rav Nahman Bar Yishak's mother was informed by astrologers that her child would grow to become a criminal. She immediately ensured that he would never go about bareheaded, and she instructed him to regularly pray to be saved from the Yeser Ha'ra (evil inclination). Sure enough, the Gemara in Masechet Sota (49b) cites Rav Nahman Bar Yishak as testifying about himself that he possessed Yir'at Shamayim. This was, undoubtedly, due at least in part to his impassioned prayers for Yir'at Shamayim. The Maharsha (1555-1631) explains that although the Talmud (Berachot 33b) teaches, "Everything is in G-d's hands, except for the fear of G-d," implying that G-d does not help us fear Him, nevertheless, one who sincerely strives for Yir'at Shamayim can certainly pray for Hashem's assistance. If Hashem sees that a person has made the decision to try to live with Yir'at Shamayim, and beseeches Him for help, then He will assist that person. Indeed, we pray in Birkat Ha'mazon, "Ha'Rahaman Hu Yita Torato Ve'ahabato Be'libenu Ve'tiheyeh Yir'ato Al Panenu Le'bilti Neheta" – "The Merciful One shall plant in our hearts the love of His Torah and the love of Him, and the fear of Him shall be upon our faces so that we do not sin." At several points during the prayer service, too, we ask Hashem to help us in our quest for Yir'at Shamayim so we conduct ourselves properly at all times. It is also critically important to pray for one's children to have Yir'at Shamayim. Rav Haim Soloveitchik of Brisk (1853-1918) said that a boy's level of Torah learning depends on how often his father studies Torah with him, and his level of Yir'at Shamayim depends on how many tears his mother sheds while praying for his Yir'at Shamayim during candle lighting on Friday evening. Additionally, many great Rabbis gave us "tips" and strategies for developing our fear of G-d. The Yafeh La'leb (Rav Rahamim Nissim Yishak Palachi, Turkey, 1813-1907) writes that we can help engender Yir'at Shamayim within ourselves by regularly saying "Be'ezrat Hashem" – "with G-d's help" – before we proceed to do something. The more we remind ourselves that nothing we try to do can succeed without Hashem's assistance, that He is with us at all times helping us to do all that we need to do, even simple tasks, the more aware we will be of His continuous presence. Rav Yisrael Bitan cites from a wide range of sources fifteen "Segulot" that help one attain Yir'at Shamayim: 1) Looking up to the sky, to heighten our awareness of Hashem. 2) Looking at one's Sisit. 3) Reciting the verses in the Book of Debarim about Yir'at Shamayim (10:12-13) while wearing Tefillin Rabbenu Tam. 4) Learning Torah while wearing Tefillin Rabbenu Tam. 5) Spending a good deal of time in the synagogue. 6) Exercising care to avoid all kinds of forbidden speech. 7) Always seeking peace and promoting peace, while avoiding conflict and fights. 8) Ensuring to fulfill the Misva of standing in honor of the elderly and of Torah scholars. The Arizal noted that right after the Torah commands us to stand to honor the elderly and the scholars, it adds, "Ve'yareta Me'Elokecha" – "You shall fear your G-d" (Vayikra 19:32), indicating that fulfilling this Misva helps one develop Yir'at Shamayim. The Gemara (Berachot 28a) tells that when Rabbi Zera grew tired, and was unable to learn Torah, he would stand by the entrance to the study hall, explaining that when the Rabbis would pass by, he would stand in their honor and thereby receive reward. The Hida (Rav Haim Yosef David Azulai, 1724-1806) explained that Rabbi Zera certainly did not fulfill Misvot for the sake of earning reward. However, he was saying that by fulfilling the Misva to honor the Torah scholars, he would be rewarded with Yir'at Shamayim, and this is how he could continue developing himself spiritually when he lacked the strength to learn Torah. 9) Picturing in one's mind the Name of "Havaya" punctuated with the vowels of the word "Yir'a." 10) Regularly studying Torah. 11) Conducting oneself with humility at all times. 12) Having the works of the Rambam in one's home. 13) Regularly studying the Tur, the Bet Yosef, and the Shulhan Aruch. 14) Eating Shabbat meals with the specific intention of giving honor to the Shabbat. 15) Speaking sparingly, and spending periods of time in silence. When we are with great people, we feel somewhat uncomfortable and therefore speak little, afraid that we might say something inappropriate or foolish. Therefore, we should accustom ourselves to avoid excessive speech, sensing that we are in the presence of the Almighty. I would humbly add another piece of advice – to study the works of the Ben Ish Hai (Rav Yosef Haim of Baghdad, 1833-1909). His works are written in a very unique style, in a way that engenders a great deal of excitement for every topic he writes about. Regularly studying these precious books can help inspire us and inject us with Yir'at Shamayim. It is told that Rav Nahman of Breslav (Ukraine, 1772-1810) would spend some time each day outdoors, alone, speaking to Hashem, thanking Him for all his blessings, expressing all his needs, concerns and wishes, and asking for His assistance. This, too, is a very effective way to develop Yir'at Shamayim – taking some time each day to speak to Hashem in our own words, without a fixed text, as though He is right in front of us, expressing our feelings of gratitude as well as our fears, our needs and our wishes. These regular "meetings" help us remain conscious of His ongoing presence in our lives. One of the most important strategies for developing and maintaining Yir'at Shamayim is ensuring to be in good company, with likeminded individuals who share our religious values and our religious commitment. We are profoundly influenced by our surroundings, and so the more time we spend with G-d-fearing people, the more likely we are to be G-d-fearing ourselves. Furthermore, Rav Chaim Soloveitchik would advise people to have a close peer, a confidant, with whom to discuss matters related to Yir'at Shamayim and work together to think of practical measures to help them live with genuine fear of Hashem.

Pastor Chris takes us on a journey of Rabbis and their teaching.

For fantastic extra content, join us at https://www.patreon.com/c/EnlightenEdgeEDU , where you will also be supporting the podcast. This week the extra content will help learn more about your temple worship by examining Egyptian temples with Kerry.This is a special episode to go with the Come Follow Me program's extra thoughts about Temple and Sacrifice. Kerry explores with Rabbi Jarrod Grover how the temple was about creating a relationship with God, and about overcoming what happened in the Garden of Eden. They also look at the Tree of Life symbolism and how God wants to be with us and we want to be with Him, and how God walks among us when we go to the temple. Then Kerry and Rabbi Joe Charnes talk about how temples are about holy encounters, such as holy encounters with place and with God, and how we must make place for the holy, and for God, within us. Then Kerry explores the tabernacle as a model for our journey to be with God again, drawing on symbolism and making room for Christ to make us new and like Him. We are grateful for our executive producers, P. Franzen, J. Parke, D. Watson, B. Van Blerkom, the Dawsons, M. Cannon, M. Rosema, B. Fisher, J. Beardall, D. Anderson, M. Zitar, J. Edwards, A. Dixon, and H. Umphlett, and for all our generous and loyal donors. We are also very grateful for all our Patreon members. We are so thankful for Beehive Broadcast for producing the podcast and for Rich Nicholls, who composed and plays the music for the podcast.

What happens when you vow, and then someone comes into court and gives testimony about your vow? But then what if another guy comes in and says something different and then two other guys say something different than that? Thank GOODNESS our Rabbis thought to explain this. Find out about Nazirite vows and legal testimony. To ask us questions, email us at xaihowareyou@gmail.com. Support us on patreon at patreon.com/xaihowareyou. Music by Ben Schreiber.

The Shulhan Aruch begins by urging us to be "strong as a lion" to wake up early for the service of our Creator. The Hesed La'alafim (Rav Eliezer Papo, 1785-1828) explains that struggling against the Yeser Ha'ra (evil inclination) is always a difficult challenge, but the struggle to wake up early in the morning is particularly difficult. Right when we wake up, it takes us time to be fully alert, and both our physical and mental faculties are frail. We are therefore in an especially compromised position vis-à-vis the Yeser Ha'ra, who is always "on top of its game" and working to discourage us from doing the right thing. The Shulhan Aruch therefore urges us to muster strength "like a lion" to resist the efforts of the Yeser Ha'ra to keep us in bed when we are supposed to be getting up to serve Hashem. The Mesilat Yesharim (Rav Moshe Haim Luzzato, Italy, 1707-1746) discusses at length the need for "strategies" for fighting the Yeser Ha'ra. The Yeser Ha'ra is exceptionally shrewd in its efforts to lead us astray, so we need to be equally clever in combating these efforts and to remain consistent in our service of Hashem. This is especially true when it comes to the struggle to get up in the morning. The Bayit Hadash (Rav Yoel Sirkis, Poland, 1561-1640) writes that in the morning, the Yeser Ha'ra cleverly tries to convince a person to remain in bed – in the winter, because it is cold early in the morning, and in the summer – when it is actually more comfortable in the cool, early morning hours – because sunrise is very early and he did not sleep enough. Often, the Yeser Ha'ra disguises its arguments as piety, telling the person that he should stay in bed and sleep late so that he can pray later with greater concentration. As the Yeser Ha'ra is shrewd and wily, it is necessary to explore strategies for winning the most difficult battle against the Yeser Ha'ra – the battle to get out of bed on time in the morning. The Hafetz Haim, who was always awake and out of bed early, was once asked about his strategy for winning this battle. He said that when the Yeser Ha'ra tries telling him to stay in bed because it's still early, or it's very cold, he would respond, "Well, you're out of bed! If you got out of bed, then so can I!" The Hida (Rav Haim Yosef David Azulai, 1724-1806) draws our attention to the comment of the Rama (Rav Moshe Isserles, Cracow, 1530-1572) on this first Halacha of the Shulhan Aruch. Citing from the Rambam in his Moreh Nebuchim, the Rama writes that a person must live with the constant awareness that Hashem is always present and sees everything he does. Knowing that we are under constant "surveillance" will assuredly affect the way we act. The Hida writes that G-d takes notice of whether or not we rise when we should, and this awareness should motivate us to wake up on time in the morning. King David says in Tehillim (119:98), "Me'oyebai Tehakemeni," which, simply understood, means, "You make me smarter than my foes." The Rabbis of Mussar explained that this verse also implies that we can gain wisdom "Me'oyebai" – from our adversaries, by learning from their example. When we see the way the wicked tirelessly pursue their desires and how carefully they plan to commit their wrongful acts, we are shown an example of the kind of vigilance with which we are to serve Hashem. When Yaakob Abinu sent a message to his brother, Esav, he told him, "I have lived with Laban, and I observed the 613 Misvot, and did not learn from his evil ways" (Rashi, Bereshit 32:5). Rav Yaakov Kamenetsky (1891-1986) explained that Yaakob here expressed his regret that he did not learn from Laban's pursuit of evil, from the way Laban so passionately and fervently dedicated himself to earn money through any possible means. Yaakob realized that he should have followed Laban's example of devoted work when serving the Almighty. Similarly, we see the lengths people go to earn money, to plan luxury vacations, to build luxury homes, to indulge in vanity – and we should commit to do the same for the sake of Torah and Misvot. Just as people wake up early very easily when this is necessary for a major business deal, or to catch a plane for a vacation, we should certainly be able to wake up early to serve Hashem. Some people employ the tactic of self-imposed "penalties," pledging to give a substantial amount of money to charity each morning that they do not wake up on time. Another relatively simple strategy for getting up early in the morning is to commit to some structured program or framework. For example, when I learned in yeshiva, some of us scheduled Havrutot (study sessions with partners) for the early morning, before Shaharit. If a person knows that his study partner will be waiting for him, he is more likely to get out of bed even if he feels tired or otherwise tempted to stay in bed. Likewise, one can join an early-morning study group, as knowing that he is part of the group makes him feel responsible to regularly attend, thus helping him overcome the temptation to sleep late. Perhaps the simplest – and most important – strategy for waking up early is going to sleep at a reasonable hour. As mentioned in an earlier installment in this series, some explain the Shulhan Aruch's instruction, "Yitgaber Ka'ari" – to be "strong as a lion" in the morning – to mean that one should go to sleep early, like a lion does, so he will wake up refreshed and energized. A yeshiva student once asked me how he can know whether or not he invests sufficient effort into his Torah study in yeshiva. I answered, very simply, that he just needs to strictly follow the yeshiva's schedule. True diligence in Torah learning does not mean that one studies into the wee hours of the morning. Rather, it means that he learns when he is supposed to learn, he eats when he is supposed to eat, he sleeps when he is supposed to sleep, and he relaxes when he is supposed to relax. Staying up very late – even to learn Torah! – is not advisable, as this makes the person less likely to wake up in time in the morning. In fact, it is told that the Hafetz Haim would shut the lights in the Bet Midrash of his yeshiva at night, because he did not want the boys to stay up too late. It is far more important to go to sleep at a reasonable hour so one can get up on time and pray properly, than to stay awake learning until late hours of the night. It is told that at one point during the Hida's travels, he found himself in a certain yeshiva in Germany, where there was a certain outstanding young prodigy, who was remarkably diligent in his Torah study. This youngster grew to become a renowned sage – Rav Natan Adler (1741-1800), the mentor of the Hatam Sofer (Rav Moshe Sofer of Pressburg, 1762-1839). As a young man, he would stay up very late learning Torah, and the Hida saw him arrive late one morning, since he had been up so late. The Hida approached him and gently reprimanded him by citing the remark made by the Shunamite woman, who would host the prophet Elisha: "Ish Elokim Kadosh Hu, Ober Alenu Tamid" – "He is a sacred man of G-d, who regularly passes through here" (Melachim II 4:9). This alluded to young Natan Adler who was a very holy individual – but who regularly "passed Alenu" – arriving late for Shaharit, after the recitation of Alenu… When we go to sleep early, so we wake up refreshed, we avoid the Yeser Ha'ra altogether. We don't even "get into the ring," so-to-speak, because we feel well-rested and ready to get out of bed, without having to struggle. Concluding this opening passage, urging us to rise early in the morning, the Shulhan Aruch writes, "She'yeheh Hu Me'orer Ha'shahar" – "that one should wake up the dawn." Meaning, ideally one should be awake before the sunrise, as though he "wakes up" the morning sun. The source of this concept is King David's proclamation in Tehillim (57:9), "A'ira Shahar" – "I shall awaken the dawn." The Midrash comments: "I shall awaken the dawn, rather than allow the dawn to awaken me." The Taz (Rav David Segal, Poland, d. 1667) raises the question of why the Shulhan Aruch writes only, "that one should wake up the dawn," omitting the Midrash's addition – that David did not allow the dawn to awaken him. The answer, the Taz suggests, is that only a righteous person like King David could have the confidence to declare that he would never wake up past dawn. A person on his level has the motivation and self-discipline to arise early in the morning. Most other people, however, cannot be so confident. We are instructed to make an effort to wake before dawn, but we know that we are frail and require Hashem's assistance. The Shulhan Aruch alludes to this distinction between us and King David by stating only that a person should arise before dawn, without expressing himself as definitively as King David did. The Taz's comments instruct that we must seek Hashem's assistance, and ask Him to help us get up early in the morning. The Rama, in his glosses to this opening passage in the Shulhan Aruch, emphasizes that when a person goes to sleep, he should be mindful of the fact that Hashem is present and watches him even while he sleeps. The work Si'ah Yishak explains the Rama to mean that going to sleep with this awareness will help a person get out of bed on time in the morning. When a person goes to sleep, he can "program" his mind to wake up early by contemplating that Hashem is watching him as he sleeps, and that he must therefore ensure to wake up properly. This is yet another important strategy for waking up early in the morning – to be mindful when going to sleep that Hashem is there watching him as he sleeps, and expects him to wake up on time.

Look closely at the broken walls of Israel, and you might just see the hidden history, resilience, and ancient secrets waiting to be uncovered in the rubble. The Bible contains an enigmatic set of laws about a house that becomes afflicted—and somehow needs to be cured. But the Rabbis flip the script. What if this "plague" isn't a punishment… but a gift? What if tearing down a wall reveals something hidden בתוך הקיר—inside the wall? Key Takeaways Our homes are not just structures—they are stories The Torah teaches that a house can carry memory, history, and even moral weight. Whether through Midrash, archaeology, or modern Israel, we learn: What's inside the walls is not empty—it's the past, waiting to be uncovered. 2. Sometimes breaking is a form of revealing What looks like destruction can also be exposure. The Rabbis reframed tzara'at not as punishment—but as a gift: When the walls come down, hidden truths—about the past and about ourselves—come to light. 3. The real "treasure" is resilience Today, as we see homes in Israel torn open, it's hard to imagine anything positive. And yet: The treasure isn't gold in the walls— it's the strength, courage, and resilience of the people who built—and will rebuild—again. Timestamps [00:00] Afflicted House Mystery [01:08] Meet The Hosts [01:29] Reading Metzora Laws [03:32] Rashi Hidden Treasures [08:00] Why Only In Israel [09:34] Mold Medicine And Ritual [15:37] Walls Have Ears [18:26] Sponsor Break [19:33] Archaeology And Spolia [25:50] Artist Finds In Concrete [29:15] War Ruins And Resilience [31:10] Closing Blessings Links & Learnings Sign up for free and get more from our weekly newsletter https://madlik.com/ Sefaria Source Sheet: https://voices.sefaria.org/sheets/719351 Transcript here: https://madlik.substack.com/

The Shulhan Aruch, the authoritative code of Halacha, begins with the following instruction: "Yitgaber Ka'ari La'amod Ba'boker La'abodat Bor'o" – "One shall strengthen himself like a lion to arise in the morning for the service of his Creator." The fact that this Halacha opens the Shulhan Aruch shows us that waking early in the morning is a fundamental part of our religious responsibilities. In fact, this quality is what impressed Bilam when he attempted to place a curse upon Beneh Yisrael, compelling him to bless them, instead, as he exclaimed, "Hen Am Ke'labi Yakum" – "Behold, a nation that rises like a lion" (Bamidbar 23:24). Rashi explains this as a reference to the way Beneh Yisrael rise in the morning and immediately "pounce" to perform Misvot, putting on Tallit and Tefillin, and praying. Indeed, Rashi (Shemot 19:3) brings from the Midrash that each time Moshe Rabbenu climbed to the top of Mount Sinai, he did so early in the morning – "Kol Aliyotav Be'hashkama Hayu." Some explain this to mean that every spiritual "ascent" requires "Hashkama" – rising early. The path to spiritual greatness begins with waking up early in the morning. Abraham Abinu is likewise described on several occasions as rising early in the morning, because this is how he became great – by beginning his day early. Rav Eliyahu Lopian (1876-1970) was known for rising early every morning. When he was asked about this practice, he said that when he leaves this world, and will stand before the Heavenly Tribunal, he will be judged regarding his compliance with the Shulhan Aruch. He wanted to at least "pass" the first question – whether he complied with the Shulhan Aruch's very first ruling, that one should make an effort to get up early in the morning. If a businessman scheduled an early morning meeting with a prospective customer, and the potential deal was worth a million dollars, there is no question that he would be up at the crack of dawn and arrive early so he could be fully prepared with his sales pitch. The money at stake motivates the businessman to arise early. If we knew that the Misvot we perform each morning are worth many times more than any amount of money, bringing us eternal rewards, we would never think to sleep late. We would eagerly get out of bed and rush to perform the Misvot energetically and enthusiastically, as early as we could. People want to stay in bed and sleep late only if they don't have anything to wake up for. Once we acknowledge the inestimable value and worth of each and every Misva, we realize how much we have to do, and we then excitedly get out of bed early in the morning to get started. Rising early is also a crucial component of our ongoing struggle against the Yeser Ha'ra (evil inclination). The Sha'reh Tefila comments that just as when an army goes out to war, the first battle is the most important one because it sets the tempo and momentum for the rest of the war, our first battle with the Yeser Ha'ra each day similarly sets the tone for the rest of the daily "war" against it. The Yeser Ha'ra tries to convince us to remain in bed, and if we win this struggle and get up early, then we are in a better position to emerge victorious in our subsequent struggles with the Yeser Ha'ra throughout the day. Waking up early, then, helps us overcome all spiritual challenges that we encounter. The Hida (Rav Haim Yosef David Azulai, 1724-1806) cites his grandfather, the Hesed Le'Abraham (Rav Abraham Azulai, Hebron, d. 1643), as finding an allusion to this concept in the Gemara's famous teaching, "Ha'ba Le'horgecha, Hashkem Le'horgo" – "He who comes to kill you, arise to kill him." On the simple level, this means that one is allowed to kill a person who seeks to kill him. On a deeper level, however, "He who comes to kill you" refers to the Yeser Ha'ra, which seeks to spiritually kill us by leading us to sin. The Gemara teaches us, "Hashkem Le'horgo" – that we should arise early in the morning in order to defeat the Yeser Ha'ra. The way we eliminate our evil inclination is by waking early. This is alluded to also in G-d's pronouncement to the snake after it lured Adam and Hava to sin in Gan Eden: "Hu Yeshufcha Rosh, Ve'ata Teshufenu Akeb" (Bereshit 3:15). Literally, this means that human beings will kill the snake by stomping on its head, whereas the snake can strike the human being only by biting its foot. Additionally, however, "Hu Yeshufcha Rosh" means that the way we defeat the Yeser Ha'ra – which is symbolized by the snake – is through "Rosh," by waking up at the "head," or beginning, of the day. Conversely, the snake can defeat a person through "Akeb," the "heel," by convincing him to oversleep and get a late start to the day. The Torah says that when Abraham Abinu set out to fulfill the command of Akedat Yishak, he arose early in the morning and saddled his donkey ("Va'yashkem Abraham Ba'boker Va'yahavosh Et Hamoro" – Bereshit 22:3). The word "Hamor" ("donkey") is often interpreted as an allusion to "Homriyut," physicality, the animalistic tendencies within every person. Abraham succeeded in "saddling" and restraining his physical qualities by rising early in the morning. The Midrash comments that this donkey was the same donkey on which Moshe Rabbenu rode when he journeyed from Midyan to Egypt, and Mashiah will ride this same donkey when it arrives to redeem the Jewish People. The deeper meaning of the Midrash is that all great Sadikim – like Moshe Rabbenu and Mashiah – succeed in overcoming their physical tendencies by rising early in the morning, like Abraham Abinu did. The Ben Ish Hai (Rav Yosef Haim of Baghdad, 1833-1909), in Parashat Vayishlah, writes that the first half of the night – from nightfall to midnight – is called "Layil," whereas the period from midnight until sunrise is called "Layla" – the word "Layil" with the letter Heh added. This letter Heh signifies a higher level, indicating that this is a time of great spiritual potential. Accordingly, the Ben Ish Hai writes, the great Sadikim would go to sleep right at nightfall and then rise at Hasot to learn Torah until the early morning. The Ben Ish Hai notes that the letters of the word "Layla" (Lamed, Yod, Lamed, Heh) are the first letters of the words "Ha'ba Le'horgecha Yashkim Le'horgo" – alluding to the aforementioned teaching that the way we defeat and eliminate the Yeser Ha'ra is by rising early, and being awake during the "Layla," the second part of the night. Although nowadays we are not able to keep to this schedule, nevertheless, this demonstrates for us the importance of rising early in the morning. The Sages teach, "Kol Hat'halot Kashot" – "All beginnings are difficult," which means simply that any new undertaking is difficult at the outset, when a person gets started. However, Rav Haim Palachi (Turkey, 1788-1868) explained that this refers to the morning, the beginning of the day. Getting out of bed in the morning is difficult, but this is a challenge we must all work to overcome. Another reason to start the day early is that whenever we begin something new, it is critically important to start strong, as this builds a sturdy foundation for the rest of the undertaking. If the foundation of a structure is done improperly, the rest of the building will not be safe. Likewise, the beginning of any new project must be strong and sturdy for it to succeed. The Jewish Nation has succeeded because we are built on the strong foundation of our Abot (patriarchs) and Imahot (matriarchs), righteous men and women who laid the spiritual groundwork for Am Yisrael. This is true also of a new day – the stronger we start our day, the more likely we are to have an accomplished and successful day. We find numerous examples of this concept in our sources. Elisha Ben Abuya was an outstanding scholar, a Tanna, and the mentor of the great Rabbi Meir, but he ultimately lost his way and became a heretic, committing grievous sins such as desecrating Shabbat and even Yom Kippur. Different stories are told to explain how and why Elisha Ben Abuya abandoned the path of Torah observance. One story, told in the Talmud Yerushalmi, is that when he was a young child, his father showed him the great Sages of Israel, how their Torah study brought the fire of the Shechina into the home, and he said, "If you learn Torah, you can do amazing things like these Rabbis!" Since as a youngster Elisha was taught the message that he should learn Torah for self-serving motives, and not out of a sincere desire to serve Hashem, his educational foundations were shaky, and this allowed him to be led astray as an adult. Likewise, the Midrash comments that Noah was sharply reprimanded for planting a vineyard right after exiting the ark following the flood. As he set out to rebuild the earth, he should have begun with something more significant and meaningful than producing wine. The process was started on the wrong foot, as it were, on faulty foundations, and so Noah was criticized. This idea has also been developed in the context of the Hanukah story. As we know, the Gemara tells that the Hashmonaim, after driving the Greeks from Jerusalem, found only a small jug of pure oil with which to kindle the Menorah in the Bet Ha'mikdash, and this small quantity of oil miraculously sufficed for eight nights. The Peneh Yehoshua (Rav Yaakob Yehoshua Falk, Germany, 1680-1756) raises the question of why the Hashmonaim did not rely on the Halacha which permits performing the service in the Mikdash in a state of impurity if the entire nation is in such a state ("Tum'a Hutra Be'sibur"). After the Greeks had defiled the Bet Ha'mikdash, this leniency was certainly relevant and applicable, seemingly obviating the need to use specifically pure oil. The Peneh Yehoshua answered that the Hashmonaim did not wish to rely on Halachic leniencies as they inaugurated the Bet Ha'mikdash anew. They were now beginning a new chapter, restoring the service in the Bet Ha'mikdash after many years during which it could not be performed, and so they found it necessary to perform the service at the very highest standards, in order to set the tone for the years to come. They therefore refused to rely on the leniency of kindling the Menorah with impure oil. King Shlomo teaches in Kohelet (2:14), "He'hacham Enav Be'rosho" – "The wise man, his eyes are upon his head." The plain meaning of this verse is that a wise person looks at the potential outcome of his actions, and assesses potential risks before acting. Additionally, however, this verse has been understood to mean that a wise person focuses on the "head," on the beginning of his day, to ensure to start the day the right way, as this impacts the rest of the day. It is told that when Rav Shmuel Salant (1816-1909), the renowned Rabbi of Jerusalem, grew old, he decided to bring a Rabbi from Europe to assume his position, and the Rabbi chosen was the Aderet (Rav Eliyahu David Rabinowitz-Teomim, 1843-1905). Immediately upon the Aderet's arrival, Rav Salant brought him to officiate at a wedding to show the community their new leader. The Aderet was weary from the long, grueling trip, and so when the time came to recite the Beracha over the wine under the Huppa, he mistakenly recited "She'ha'kol" instead of "Ha'gefen." He immediately corrected himself, and recited "Ha'gefen." Afterward, people spoke about the Aderet with disdain, charging that he was ignorant of Halacha. It is well-known that although the proper blessing over wine is, of course, "Ha'gefen," one who mistakenly recited "She'ha'kol" over wine has fulfilled his obligation and does not then recite "Ha'gefen." There were those who claimed that the Aderet was unfit to serve as a Rabbinic leader, as he was unfamiliar with this simple Halacha. The Aderet explained that he certainly knew this Halacha, but he nevertheless recited "Ha'gefen" because he was reciting the blessing over the wine not only for himself, but also on behalf of the Hatan (groom), who was standing under the Huppa with his bride, prepared to begin their new life together. This new beginning, the Aderet explained, could not be built on a shaky foundation, using Halachic leniencies. It was important for the proper Beracha to be recited, even if the wrong Beracha would normally suffice after the fact, so that the marriage would begin on a strong foundation. While as a practical matter, one could question this line of reasoning, the basic concept is an important one – whenever we start something new, we must strive to begin as strongly as possible. We must therefore try hard to begin each day the right way, by waking early in the morning with energy and enthusiasm, ready to serve our Creator.

Please SUBSCRIBE & SHARE! No need to wait for the premiere, head over to http://dailyrenegade.com for a membership to view this video in full right now!ANTICHRIST? Josh Peck talks about the belief of some Jews that the Messiah will be revealed soon and what that means prophetically for us Christians. The Rapture and the Dead Sea Scrolls: A Teaching on our Blessed Hope in Light of the Greatest Archaeological Find in History - https://renegadepublishers.com/the-ra...To get the audio-only podcast version of full videos and Josh Peck's blog, which includes original articles, show notes, and more, subscribe to Josh's Substack at http://joshpeck.substack.comIt is with a heavy heart that I (Nathan's father) inform you that Nathan went home to be with the Lord on Monday, Sept. 22nd, 2025. He fought an extremely rare form of cancer bravely, but in the end, his heart couldn't keep up the fight anymore. He went fast with no prolonged suffering. We want to thank all of you who have kept him in prayer. Please know that those prayers were not in vain. Our son lives with Jesus now. We are now updating this campaign to reflect our financial need for his remaining hospital bills, funeral expenses, and housing for our family. As most men, I do not enjoy asking for help. However, as most fathers and husbands can relate to, there isn't anything I won't do for my family. In light of that, I wanted to first ask all of you to pray for us. Also, because of the overwhelming expenses that inevitably come from all these things happening at the same time, if you feel led to help us financially, there's a couple different ways you can do that:GiveSendGo: http://www.GiveSendGo.com/NathanTheBravePayPal: http://PayPal.me/JoshPeckDisclosureOr send in your donation to:P.O. Box 270123Oklahoma City, OK 73137 Josh Peck's new book, The Return of the Watchers: Ancient Nephilim Technology Revealed is available now at https://prophecywatchers.com/product/...Don't miss out on Josh Peck's new two-volume book set, The Final Cataclysm: Supernatural Signs of the End Times: https://amzn.to/4hm4YC1Check out Josh Peck's two-volume book set on the history and prophecies of the Dead Sea Scrolls at Prophecy Watchers with included Dead Sea Scroll wall calendar - https://prophecywatchers.com/product/... 

This Monday  on Women's Magazine Lisa Dettmer  looks at how spiritual activism can help us deal with  being  surrounded by  so much violence, war,  militarism and machismo.   I wanted to know how as activists we can practice a spiritual activism in these very hard times and I wanted  to learn  why practicing spiritual activism is important  for the health and success of our movements.  To do that I invited  three Jewish feminist spiritual activists who I feel have a lot of wisdom to share and who can help us figure out  how we can live in integrity and without burn out in these times when there is so little to rejoice about and when  we are surrounded by people in power who have so little integrity.  I will be joined by: Susala Kay who is a ritualist, facilitator of sacred space, and instigator of eco-feminist beloved community striving towards ending all types of oppression. She lives with disabilities and cares deeply about radical access, power differentials, and liberation. As a JeWitch, and a priestess in the Reclaiming tradition, she has been involved in blending Pagan and eco-feminist Jewish community together since the mid-1990s. She is a co-founder and steward of JeWitch Collective and JeWitch Camp.  She co-facilitates monthly in-person Anti-zionist covid-cautious disability justice infused shabbat services for Beyt Tikkun Synagogue in Oakland. She is also involved with Richmond Area Mutual Aid and Singing Resistance East Bay. Rabbi Cat Zavis who is the Rabbi of Beyt Tikkun Synagogue in Oakland, California, and is a member of Rabbis for Ceasefire and the Interfaith Movement for Human Integrity. Rae Abileah who is a member of Rabbis for Ceasefire, an advisory board member of the Center for Jewish Nonviolence, and is an organizer with ALAS, Ayudando Latinos a Soñar in Half Moon Bay, California. You can find Rae at:Tzimtzum Community: https://www.tzimtzumcommunity.com/  Resources Article by Rabbi Cat and Kohenet Rae: https://wagingnonviolence.org/2026/02/resistance-under-occupation-minneapolis-palestine/  JVP-Bay Area: https://www.instagram.com/jvpbayarea/ Collective for Inclusive Education: https://www.instagram.com/collective4inclusiveed (interfaith network to keep schools inclusive and counter racism and zionism in south bay schools – so important!)  Use the Power of Ritual (Principle in the Beautiful Trouble Toolbox): https://beautifultrouble.org/toolbox/tool/use-the-power-of-ritual    The post Spiritual Activism with Rae Abileah, Susala Kay and Cat Zavis appeared first on KPFA.

APR. 7, 2026The life-giving Word."The words that I speak to you are spirit, and they are life." Jn 6:63 NKJVJesus was called "Rabbi" eleven times in the Gospels. But He wasn't like any other rabbi. Rabbis quoted others, but Jesus said, "Truly, I say to you..." In the gospel of John, He said it twice: "Truly, truly, I say to you..." The reason Jesus wasn't like any other rabbi was because He was God manifested in the flesh. And Paul says, "Christ, in whom are hidden all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge" (Col 2:2-3 NKJV). The early church fathers had a favorite saying: "The Gospels are a river in which a gnat can swim, and an elephant can drown." The Gospels-the record of Christ's life and teaching-have impacted the world so much that they have been translated into 2,527 languages. The second-most-translated book, Don Quixote, has been translated into about 60languages. To this day, the Bible remains the bestselling book of all time. In the academic world, scholars keep score of how often any articles they write are cited by other scholars. By this year's secular score, Jesus' intellectual impact is unprecedented. Why is this? Because when everything else fails, God's Word works. Jesus explained it this way: "It is the Spirit who gives life; the flesh profits nothing. The words that I speak to you are spirit, and they are life." If you are a teacher, you know that the number one question in any class is: "Will this be on the final?" If you want to pass your finals and hear, "Well done!" from the teacher, get into God's Word each day and get God's Word into you.The life-giving Word The bestselling book of all timeShare This DevotionalSend us Fan MailSupport the showChanging Lives | Building Strong Family | Impacting Our Community For Jesus Christ!

If a person who had a daughter but no sons passed away, may the daughter recite Kaddish for her deceased parent? The Shebut Yaakob (Rav Yaakob Reischer, 1661-1733) ruled that a daughter may recite Kaddish for a parent if ten men assembled in her home, but not in the synagogue. Likewise, the Teshuba Me'ahaba (Rav Elazar Fleckeles, 1754-1826) writes that this was done in Amsterdam, with the approval of the local Rabbis. He adds that it was customary in Prague for elderly men and women to sit in the Ezrat Nashim (women's section) of the synagogue and recite Tehillim all morning, and if there was a girl whose parent had passed away without sons, the daughter would recite Kaddish after the Tehillim reading. This was done in the Ezrat Nashim, but not in the main section of the synagogue. The Teshuba Me'ahaba explained that women are no less obligated in the Misva of honoring parents than men, and so they should have the opportunity to benefit the soul of their departed parent through the recitation of Kaddish. Although this should not be done in the public setting of the synagogue, it is permissible if a private Minyan is formed. Hacham Ovadia Yosef concurred with this ruling. A solution in such a case is for the family to appoint a man to recite Kaddish for the deceased. Rav Yosef Kolon (France, 15 th century) ruled that one may recite Kaddish for somebody who was not a relative. He adds, based on an earlier source, that one may recite Kaddish for the souls of several different people, and so even if somebody is already reciting Kaddish for a parent, he may be asked to recite Kaddish also for a person who left the world without sons. Similarly, the Elya Rabba (Rav Eliyahu Spira, Prague, 1660-1712) writes that if somebody needs to travel during the year of mourning, and will be unable to recite Kaddish for a period of time, he should hire somebody to recite Kaddish on his behalf during that period. It should be noted that there was a custom that the Rabbi would recite the final Kaddish – the Kaddish before Alenu – for the benefit of all those who had passed away without sons. Although this is not our custom, it demonstrates that when there are no men to recite Kaddish, this can be assigned to somebody else, even a person who is not related to the deceased. Summary: If a person passed away without sons, and the daughter wishes to recite Kaddish for the parent, she may if a private Minyan is assembled in her home. The preferred solution, however, is for the family to appoint somebody – even someone who is not related to the deceased – to recite Kaddish for the deceased. This may be done even by someone who is already reciting Kaddish for his own parent.

Protect Your Retirement with a PHYSICAL Gold and/or Silver IRA https://www.sgtreportgold.com/ CALL( 877) 646-5347 - You Can Trust Noble Gold Prolific investigator, author and podcaster William Ramsey returns to SGT Report to discuss fanaticJews, Rabbis, Epstein, Trump, the Third Temple, Erika Kirk and much more in this nearly 90-minute interview. As Armageddon is being openly engineered by insane zealots THIS is the discussion we should all be having if we have any chance of saving the world as we know it. Thanks for tuning in. William Ramsey Investigates: https://www.williamramseyinvestigates.com/ https://old.bitchute.com/video/p5AiNTY1IUzb/

In the "Kaddish De'Rabbanan" – known as "Kaddish Al Yisrael" – a special prayer is offered on behalf of the Torah scholars and their students. We pray for the wellbeing of the Rabbis, and for "Talmidihon Ve'al Talmideh Talmidehon" – "their students, and their students' students" – that is, for three generations of scholars. This parallels the verse in the Book of Yeshayahu (59:21) in which Hashem promises that the words of the Torah will not depart "from your mouth, from the mouth of your offspring, or from the mouth of your offspring's offspring." The Gemara derives from this verse that if three generations in a family study Torah, then Torah is guaranteed to remain in that family for all generations in the future. Correspondingly, we pray for the scholars, their students, and their students' students. We speak in this prayer of scholars "De'askin Be'Orayta Kadishta" – "who engage in the sacred Torah." Since the word "Orayta" (Torah) is a feminine noun, the adjective must likewise be in the feminine form – "Kadishta" – and not in the masculine form – "Kadisha." One must therefore ensure to recite "Kadishta," with the letter Tav. We emphasize that we pray for these blessings on behalf of scholars in this land and "Be'chol Atar Ve'atar" – in any place, no matter where they are. Some communities have the custom of reciting this phrase as "De'yatbin Ve'askin Be'Orayta Kadishta" – adding the word "De'yatbin" ("who sit…"). Although this is the practice among Moroccan and Tunisian communities, this is not the custom among Syrian Jews. Different versions exist for the phrase "Yeheh Lana U'lechon U'lehon" ("There shall be for us and for you and for them…"), as in some editions, the words "Lehon" and "Lechon" are reversed: "Yeheh Lana U'lehon U'lechon." Hacham Ovadia Yosef maintained that the correct text is "Yeheh Lana U'lechon U'lehon," as it is proper to first extend a blessing "to you" – to those who are present, and only then to others. We pray that Hashem should grant the scholars "Hina Ve'hisda Ve'rahameh" – "grace, kindness and compassion." The word "Hina" is Aramaic for the Hebrew word "Hen" ("grace"), which is sometimes translated as "charm." It denotes an intangible quality that some people have which leads others to like them and wish to deal kindly with them. In order to succeed in life, we need a degree of "Hen," a certain likeability that earns us people's favor and goodwill, and so we bless the scholars that they should not only receive Hashem's kindness and compassion, but also be granted "Hen." Some commentators explain that these three wishes – "Hina, Ve'hisda, Ve'rahameh" – correspond to Abraham, Yishak and Yaakob.

The Gemara posits the principle that "Yisrael Af Al Pi She'hata Yisrael Hu" – a Jew does not lose his status as a Jew even after he sins. As a general rule, then, a Jew who violates Torah law is nevertheless considered a full-fledged Jew in all respects. There are, however, a number of exceptions. One is a person who commits sins 'Le'ha'ch'is" – with the specific intention to anger G-d. If a person not only transgresses the Torah, but has decided to spitefully reject G-d, and he thus commits Torah transgressions out of anger and resentment – and not due to convenience, for money, or due a lack of self-discipline – then he forfeits his status as a Jew. Such a person, therefore, cannot be counted toward a Minyan. (A fascinating story is told of Rav Levi Yishak of Berditchev, who once saw a Jewish fellow whom he knew eating pork, and he wished him, "Bon Appetit," that he should enjoy it. He explained to his students that this individual suffered from a certain condition that resulted in pain in his stomach when he ate pork, but he nevertheless ate it out of hostility toward religion. Rav Levi Yishak extended to him the wish that he should eat it for the pleasure that it brings, and not out of resentment, so that he would at least retain his status as a Jew.) Another exception – which is far more common – is Shabbat desecration. Since Shabbat desecration is equated with idol-worship, a public Shabbat desecrator is, in certain respects, considered not Jewish. The Hafetz Haim explained this Halacha by way of an analogy to a person who walks by a store which is currently closed. If the sign is still up, then the person will likely assume that the store is still in business, and has closed only temporarily. Once, however, the sign has been taken down, the person will conclude that the store has closed permanently. The Torah refers to Shabbat as an "Ot," a "sign." As long as a person observes Shabbat, he demonstrates that he's "open for business," that he's still "in the game," as it were, even if in other ways he might falter. Therefore, a public Shabbat violator – in principle – is not considered a Jew with respect to certain Halachot, such as being counted toward a Minyan. This applies to public Shabbat violators regardless of the reason why they desecrate Shabbat – whether it's for ideological reasons, out of anger toward G-d, or because of convenience or an unwillingness to make the sacrifices that Shabbat observance requires. The Poskim dispute the question of how often one must publicly violate Shabbat to be disqualified from counting toward a Minyan. Some maintain that this disqualification applies only to habitual Shabbat violators, but others contend that even if a person publicly violated Shabbat just once, he cannot be counted toward a Minyan. This is the view accepted by Hacham Ovadia Yosef. It goes without saying that once a person has performed Teshuba and committed to Shabbat observance, he regains his status as a full-fledged Jew and may be counted. Hacham Ovadia Yosef ruled that one becomes disqualified only by publicly committing an act that is forbidden on Shabbat by force of Torah law. This includes driving, cooking, writing, and carrying in a public domain. If, however, a person publicly commits acts which are forbidden on Shabbat only by force of Rabbinic enactment, he may be counted toward a Minyan. The act of Shabbat desecration must be committed publicly – meaning, in the presence of ten men, the violator included. The Mishna Berura ruled that the act does not need to have been committed publicly, as even if it becomes known to ten people, this qualifies as a "public" act. Hacham Ovadia, however, disagrees, and rules that a person is not considered a public Shabbat violator unless he committed a forbidden act that was seen by ten men at the same time. (Incidentally, these conditions apply also with regard to the prohibition against drinking wine handled by a public Shabbat violator (unless the wine has been previously boiled). This applies only to somebody who committed an act of Shabbat desecration in the presence of ten men.) Hacham Ovadia made a very significant exception to this Halacha, addressing the situation of generally G-d-fearing Jews who work on Shabbat. It was quite common in certain periods that Jews would come to the synagogue, recite Kiddush and eat a Shabbat meal, but then go to work, succumbing to the anxiety of otherwise being unable to support their families. Hacham Ovadia ruled that although such people act incorrectly, nevertheless, since in their eyes, they violate Shabbat under duress, they are not considered intentional Shabbat violators. Hence, they may be counted toward a Minyan (and wine which they handled remains permissible). Additionally, the Mishna Berura writes that if a person violates Shabbat in public, but is too embarrassed to do so in the presence of a Rabbi, then he is not considered a public Shabbat violator with respect to this Halacha. The fact that he still experiences shame shows that he recognizes the sanctity of Shabbat, and so he does not attain the status of a flagrant desecrator who may not be counted toward a Minyan. However, Hacham Ovadia clarified that this applies only if we are certain that this individual would not desecrate Shabbat in view of his Rabbi. Much has been written about whether and how these Halachot apply in our generation. In the case of a person who was raised without a religious education, there is a general consensus that we apply the rule of "Tinok She'nishba" (literally, "an infant who was taken captive"), which excuses from liability a sinner who was never taught about Halachic observance. If someone was not taught to observe Shabbat as Halacha requires, then he is not held accountable for his failure to do so. As such, he does not have the status of a flagrant Shabbat desecrator. Some extend this rule further, asserting that even if a person learned about Shabbat, he cannot be considered a Shabbat desecrator if he was not made aware of the severity of Shabbat. There are people who received some level of Jewish education but their training was not grounded in Halacha, and they were thus never taught about the various Shabbat prohibitions and how they constitute capital offenses. These people, too, might not be considered flagrant Shabbat desecrators. An even more drastic view was advanced by the Hazon Ish (Rav Avraham Yeshaya Karelitz, 1878-1952). He contended that a person does not attain the status of a public Shabbat desecrator unless he was reprimanded for violating Shabbat and then ignored the rebuke he received. Effective criticism is a difficult art, a skill which the vast majority of people do not have in our time. As such, the Hazon Ish wrote, violators can be assumed to not have ever received proper rebuke for their acts of desecration, and they therefore do not have the status of public Shabbat desecrators. This novel ruling of the Hazon Ish should seemingly allow any Shabbat violator to be counted toward a Minyan nowadays, given the assumption that proper rebuke was never administered. However, Rav Yisrael Bitan noted that one might question this conclusion, in light of the fact that technology has made knowledge about Torah law readily available to all, and, moreover, there are many Jews who were raised in Torah homes and received a proper religious education, and then decided to abandon halachic observance. It seems difficult to exclude such people from the category of intentional Shabbat desecrators. Rabbi Bitan therefore concludes that every community Rabbi must determine the policy for his congregation, given the different opinions that exist and different realities in each community. It must be emphasized that we speak here only of being counted toward the minimum quorum of ten men. By no means does Halacha disallow a Shabbat violator from entering a synagogue and participating in the Minyan. Personally, I went into the rabbinate specifically for such Jews, to help Jews grow in their observance, each on their level and in a way that suits them, irrespective of one's current level of commitment. Those who do not properly observe Shabbat should be at least as welcome in the synagogue as fully-observant Jews, if not more so. I am reminded of a story told by Hacham Baruch Ben-Haim of a person who once came to pray in Congregation Shaare Zion and was given an Aliya, and afterward, somebody else approached Hacham Baruch to object. He said that he knew for a fact that this individual who was given an Aliya regularly shaved with a razor – a strict Torah violation – and thus should not be given the honor of being called to the Torah. "Let me tell you a story," Hacham Baruch replied. "Many years ago, there was somebody who came to shul who was not at all serious about Halachic observance. We welcomed him very warmly, and gave him an Aliya. There were those who objected and were angry at me. But gradually, this fellow became more involved, attending prayers and classes, and building a relationship with me and other Rabbis. He ended up raising a fully observant home, and all his children are strictly observant. "As it so happens," the Hacham continued, "that man was your father. You would not be in the synagogue today if I had followed the policy you are advocating." This should be our attitude toward our fellow Jews who are not as observant as we would want. While there is some question about whether or not they may be counted toward the minimum required amount of ten men, and, as we saw, different opinions exist, there is no question about whether they should be warmly welcomed in our synagogues. Our institutions must be inviting for all Jews, regardless of their level of observance, so everyone can grow in a way and at a pace that is appropriate for them.

Unlike almost every other major world religion, Judaism has absolutely no Pope—and the beautiful reason why is hidden deep in the Book of Leviticus. Rabbis today are "ordained." But the original system of rabbinic ordination—semikhah, the laying on of hands—collapsed almost 1,600 years ago. So how did rabbinic authority survive? In this episode of Madlik Disruptive Torah, Geoffrey Stern and Rabbi Adam Mintz trace the surprising story of how a simple biblical gesture—placing hands on a sacrifice—became the foundation for Jewish leadership and authority. Key Takeaways Authority in Judaism started as a gesture, not an institution Rabbinic authority survives not because the chain held—but because it broke Judaism chose influence over control Timestamps [00:00] Hands and Authority [01:49] Leviticus Semikhah [05:26] Blessing and Transference [08:50] Two Hands Rule [11:40] Women and Semikhah [15:17] Sponsor Break [16:23] Communal Offerings [21:30] Joshua Commissioned [23:22] Chain of Tradition [25:13] Ordination Disrupted [29:14] No Pope in Judaism [30:53] Closing Reflections Links & Learnings Sign up for free and get more from our weekly newsletter https://madlik.com/ Sefaria Source Sheet: https://voices.sefaria.org/sheets/714754 Transcript here: https://madlik.substack.com/

It's more likely than you think! What if you take a Nazirite vow in a spot that is fundamentally incompatible with Naziriteship? Thank GOODNESS the Rabbis thought about this. Catch Liz Furman at Shel Maala: https://bit.ly/sm-sfas To ask us questions, email us at xaihowareyou@gmail.com. Support us on patreon at patreon.com/xaihowareyou. Music by Ben Schreiber.

In the second installment of this wide-ranging conversation, Rabbi Yoshi continues his dialogue with Rabbi Ed Feinstein and Rabbi David Woznica — turning from personal story to the larger questions pressing on the Jewish community today.Recorded on International Holocaust Remembrance Day, at a moment marked by the return of Ran Gvili, the last hostage, and amid rising antisemitism, deep national division, and growing concern about the health of American democracy, this episode engages the moral and spiritual challenges of our time.The rabbis speak candidly about loving Israel while struggling with its government, about what it means to lead during anxious and polarized times, and about events unfolding in places like Minneapolis that have sparked national debate about law enforcement, immigration policy, and human dignity.They also confront hard questions about the future of the rabbinate — the challenges facing seminaries, the so-called pipeline issue, and what kind of leadership the next generation of Jews will need.This is not a conversation of slogans or simple answers. It is a thoughtful, honest exchange shaped by decades of experience, deep commitment to the Jewish people, and enduring hope for the future.Stay tuned and be inspired.

Different customs exist regarding the phrase "Le'alam U'l'almeh Almaya" in the "Yeheh Shemeh Rabba" response to Kaddish. Some recite this phrase this way, whereas others omit the letter Vav from "U'l'almeh" and recite simply "Le'almeh." The Ben Ish Hai (Rav Yosef Haim of Baghdad, 1833-1909), in his work Od Yosef Hai, writes that the word should be pronounced "Le'almeh," without the letter Vav at the beginning. He explains that the "Yeheh Shemeh Rabba" response is meant to consist of 28 letters, and if the Vav is included, this response consists of 29 letters. Therefore, the Vav must be omitted. This is the position also of the Kaf Ha'haim (Rav Yaakob Haim Sofer, Baghdad-Jerusalem, 1870-1939). This argument assumes that the word "Shemeh" in "Yeheh Shemeh Rabba" is spelled with a Yod (Shin, Mem, Yod, Heh). In some Siddurim, this word is spelled without the letter Yod, thus allowing for the Vav to be included in "U'l'almeh" without exceeding 28 letters. It is true that, as discussed in a previous installment, the Mahzor Vitri understood the phrase "Yeheh Shemeh Rabba" as a prayer that the divine Name, which currently contains only the letters Yod and Heh, should become complete, and according to this reading, the word "Shemeh" is read as "Shem Yod-Heh" ("the Name of Yod-Heh"). However, as we saw, Halacha does not follow this opinion, and therefore it is acceptable to omit the letter Yod from the word "Shemeh." Moreover, Hacham Ovadia Yosef noted that Maran (author of the Shulhan Aruch), in Bet Yosef, clearly follows the opinion that the correct text is "U'l'almeh," and this is how the word appears in the texts of earlier Rabbis such as Rav Saadia Gaon, Rav Amram Gaon, the Rambam, and others. Hacham Ovadia asserts that in light of these sources, a Kabbalistic teaching involving the significance of the number 28 does not justify altering the text. By contrast, Rav Meir Mazuz (1945-2025), who was a renowned expert in grammar, maintained that the correct text is "Le'almeh." Rav Moshe Rahamim Shayo (contemporary), in his Mehkereh Aretz, writes that in the Bet Obed edition of the Siddur, which was used by the Jewish communities of Aleppo, Syria, the text reads "Le'almeh," without the letter Vav. This text also appears in the Siddur published by Rav Abraham Hamway, and this was the ruling of Rav Yeshayahu Dayan (1833-1903), head of Aleppo's Rabbinical court. There is also testimony that later, in the times of Aleppo's Chief Rabbi Moshe Mizrahi (1863-1955), Rav Mizrahi sharply reprimanded a member of the community who recited "U'l'almeh" instead of the "Le'almeh," which was the accepted custom in Aleppo. In the Kol Yaakob edition of the Siddur, which is used by many Syrian Jews, the word appears as "U'l'almeh," but this is a mistake, as the custom in Aleppo was clearly to say "Le'almeh." In practice, therefore, it is proper for members of the Syrian community to recite "Le'almeh," and not "U'l'almeh." Summary: In the "Yeheh Shemeh Rabba" response to Kaddish, the word "Le'almeh" appears this way in some editions of the Siddur, and in others, "U'l'almeh," with the letter Vav at the beginning. The text that should be followed by members of the Syrian community is "Le'almeh."

All of this week's episodes of It Could Happen Here put together in one large file. - What’s Happened to the Israeli Left - Tax the Rich Takes the New York Capitol - What's Next for Iran? - Paramount, Warner Bros. and How Monopolies Ruin Everything - Executive Disorder: Iran, US Munitions Shortage, Texas Primary Election You can now listen to all Cool Zone Media shows, 100% ad-free through the Cooler Zone Media subscription, available exclusively on Apple Podcasts. So, open your Apple Podcasts app, search for “Cooler Zone Media” and subscribe today! http://apple.co/coolerzone Sources/Links: What’s Happened to the Israeli Left Gisha - https://gisha.org/en/ Breaking the Silence - https://www.breakingthesilence.org.il/ Zochrot - https://www.zochrot.org/welcome/index/en Culture for Solidarity - https://www.instagram.com/culture_of_solidarity/ Dignity for Palestinians - https://dignity4palestine.org/ Physicians for Human Rights Israel - https://www.phr.org.il/en/ Rabbis for Human Rights - https://www.rhr.org.il/en/ Remembering Awda Hathaleen - https://jewishcurrents.org/remembering-awdah-hathaleen Beith El-Meem - https://www.beitelmeem.org.il/aboutus-eng “No Other Land” documentary - https://releasing.dogwoof.com/no-other-land “Coexistance my ass!” documentary - https://www.coexistencemyass.com/ Dahlia Scheindlin's book "The Crooked Timber" on Israeli democracy and the occupation - https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110796582/html?lang=en&srsltid=AfmBOoqr8ur0KCgqZAYrxz5fZYX7QZpUlt6vN0b7zWTl-lJzNZDV-mgs Tax the Rich Takes the New York Capitol https://taxtherichny.com/action/ https://ourtime.nyc/ https://www.capitolconfidential.com/p/new-york-gained-thousands-of-new https://www.thecity.nyc/2026/02/19/mamdani-budget-parks-libraries/ https://www.nyc.gov/mayors-office/news/2026/01/mayor-mamdani---governor-hochul-to-launch-free-child-care-for-tw https://www.nyc.gov/mayors-office/news/2026/01/executive-order-12 Executive Disorder: Iran, US Munitions Shortage, Texas Primary Election https://apnews.com/article/bovino-minnesota-immigration-minneapolis-good-pretti-0ace82ca68846109fbf6d30439e6f0f1 https://caselaw.findlaw.com/court/us-10th-circuit/1431469.html https://www.axios.com/2026/03/02/trump-iran-war-kurds-iraq https://x.com/KurdistanWatch/status/2028447001508012501?s=20 https://www.militaryreligiousfreedom.org/2026/03/mrff-inundated-with-complaints-of-gleeful-commanders-telling-troops-iran-war-is-part-of-gods-divine-plan-to-usher-in-the-return-of-jesus-christ/ https://www.cnn.com/2026/03/03/politics/cia-arming-kurds-iran https://presidency.gov.krd/sarok-nechervan-barzani-o-oazeri-daraoai-aeran-peshhathkani-naochhkh-taotoe-dhkhn/ https://x.com/qubadjt/status/2029199935917187252?s=20 https://x.com/CENTCOM/status/2029219939102401017?s=20 https://www.centcom.mil/ https://www.politico.com/news/2026/03/04/pam-bondi-subpoena-epstien-00812960 https://www.cnbc.com/2026/03/03/fcc-chair-brendan-carr-wbd-paramount-merger-deal-netflix.html https://x.com/KellieMeyerNews/status/2027181141162111461 https://president.columbia.edu/news/message-acting-president-claire-shipman-0 https://x.com/NoahHurowitz/status/2027124257394774140?s=20 https://www.aclu.org/press-releases/transgender-kansans-challenge-state-law-invalidating-their-drivers-licenses-and-allowing-them-to-be-sued-for-using-public-restrooms https://www.kslegislature.gov/li/b2025_26/measures/documents/sb244_enrolled.pdf https://www.assignedmedia.org/breaking-news/kansas-revokes-license-no-gender-change https://x.com/admcrlsn/status/2029041869074604256?s=20 https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2026/us/elections/results-texas-us-senate-primary.html https://www.texastribune.org/2026/03/03/jasmine-crockett-dallas-williamson-county-voting-changes/ https://www.nytimes.com/2026/03/03/us/elections/dallas-county-vote-tally-court-ruling.html https://www.texastribune.org/2026/02/04/on-the-issues-a-qa-with-the-texas-democrats-running-for-u-s-senate/ https://jamestalarico.com/issues/ https://punchbowl.news/article/campaigns/talarico-pitch/See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Whereas Ashkenazic custom requires standing during Kaddish, the accepted practice among Sepharadim is to remain seated during Kaddish, unless one was standing when Kaddish began, in which case he must remain standing (until he completes his "Yeheh Shemeh Rabba" response). Hacham Ovadia Yosef ruled that if a Sepharadi wishes to follow the stringent practice of the Ashkenazim and stand for Kaddish, he should not do so, as this appears arrogant. Since the accepted Sephardic custom is to remain seated, and even the greatest Rabbis sit during Kaddish, making a point of standing gives the appearance of thinking that one is better than everyone else, and this is therefore inappropriate. Hacham Ovadia notes the ruling of the Kol Eliyahu that one who decides to stand during the Torah reading – when the commonly accepted custom is to sit – should be reprimanded for this display of arrogance. By the same token, it is inappropriate to break the accepted Sephardic practice by standing for Kaddish. The Sedeh Hemed (Rav Haim Hizkiya Medini, Hebron, 1834-1904) writes that his practice was to stand for Kaddish. The reason may have been that as a Rabbinic leader, he felt this was an appropriate stringency to accept. Regardless, as a general rule, this is discouraged. Summary: Sephardic practice is to remain seated during Kaddish, and it is improper for a Sepharadi to make a point of standing.

Had Esther's intervention not succeeded, would Mordechai THEN bow down to Haman to save the Jews?

Ralph welcomes Colonel Lawrence Wilkerson to discuss a wide range of topics, including NATO, Greenland, Gaza, and more. Then, Ralph speaks to Rabbi Alissa Wise (founding director of Rabbis for Ceasefire) about the “Jews for Food Aid for People in Gaza" campaign. Finally, Ralph and the team address some current events.Lawrence Wilkerson is a retired U.S. Army colonel. Over his 31 years of service, Colonel Wilkerson served as Secretary of State Colin Powell's Chief of Staff from 2002 to 2005, and Special Assistant to General Powell when he was Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from 1989 to 1993. Colonel Wilkerson also served as Deputy Director and Director of the U.S. Marine Corps War College at Quantico, Virginia, and for fifteen years he was the Distinguished Visiting Professor of Government and Public Policy at the College of William and Mary. He is currently a Senior Fellow at the Eisenhower Media Network, senior advisor to the Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft, and co-founder of the All-Volunteer Force Forum.You aren't a newspaper, not really, if you don't have the guts to go out and get the news wherever it's happening. And you're reporting, nonetheless, to the American people [on the truth]. And it's nothing about the truth. It's as bad as what Netanyahu does in his own country in Hebrew. It's propaganda. And in many cases, it's not even accurate propaganda. It's falsified propaganda. You know, there used to be a law. And the law prohibited anyone in the Defense Department, for example, but any of the government agencies (Defense Department was the most guilty) that said: you cannot propagandize the American people. You can propagandize foreign audiences—even in wartime, you can propagandize those audiences, but you must not propagandize the American people. You have to tell them the truth or tell nothing at all. And if you're a media outlet, you should be telling them the truth, or the truth as you best can determine it. We don't honor that law anymore.Colonel Lawrence WilkersonI think [NATO and the EU are] gone, but I think the prospect for the future ought to be that we replace them. We don't just let them go and not have a replacement. And the replacement should be a European security architecture, which includes the Russians. And last time I checked a Rand McNally map, Russia (at least from the Urals inward) was a part of Europe. And it needs to be based not on spheres of influence, but on economic and financial and other needs that all of that group of people have. That's how you create something that will keep Europe and Russia together and not at loggerheads.Colonel Lawrence WilkersonI've said this a number of times (publicly I've said it) —the January 6th attempt to overthrow the United States government in favor of Donald Trump didn't fail because the system held. It failed because the coup plotters were incompetent, and their incompetence was most visible in not having the military (or a sizable segment thereof). They will not do that again.Colonel Lawrence WilkersonRabbi Alissa Wise is the Lead Organizer of Rabbis for Ceasefire, which she founded in October 2023. She was a staff leader at Jewish Voice for Peace from 2011-2021 and co-founded the JVP Rabbinical Council in 2010. She is co-author of “Solidarity is the Political Version of Love: Lessons from Jewish Anti-Zionist Organizing”. She is also one of the organizers of the “Jews for Food Aid for People in Gaza” campaign.I think there is a lot of support in the Jewish community for living up to core liberatory values that there are within Jewish tradition. This is true in every religious tradition and it's true in Judaism, where you can open the sacred text and find a justification for oppression or you could open a sacred text and find a pathway to liberation. And so what we're inviting people into is to pull the thread of liberatory Judaism. And making the conscious choice that those are the threads of the tradition that we want to pull on.Rabbi Alissa WiseThere's nothing Jewish about what the state of Israel is doing—about the state of Israel at all. It's not actually a fulfillment of Jewish practice or tradition or Torah. It's not a Torah-based government. It's government. It's a nation state. It's a military. And it uses—as I was saying before, one could open the Torah and identify justification for endless war or justification for freedom. And I think they often use their Jewishness as a fig leaf in order to shield themselves from criticism because “when you criticize them, you're being anti-Semitic.” And they pull on certain quotes or elements of Jewish teachings that either seem to uphold what they're doing while at the same time being palatable and accessible to the Christian Zionists that actually have for a long time been empowering US foreign policy.Rabbi Alissa WiseNews 2/6/26* Last week, we discussed the showdown in Congress over forcing Bill and Hillary Clinton to testify before the House Oversight Committee regarding the Epstein probe. Despite pressure from Democratic House leadership, many Democrats broke ranks to vote in favor of holding the former President and former Secretary of State in contempt of Congress. If this vote had gone to the full House, it is possible the couple could have been jailed until they agreed to testify. Instead, this week, Bill and Hillary Clinton agreed to appear before the Committee. Bill Clinton's relationship with Epstein is well-documented through the flight logs and photos that have emerged since the passage of the Epstein Files Transparency Act. Hillary Clinton claims never to have met or spoken with the late sex offender and financier, per the BBC. Former President Clinton will appear for a deposition on February 27th; the former Secretary of State will appear the day before. This piece notes that this will mark the first time a former president has testified to Congress since Gerald Ford did so in 1983 – marking a watershed moment for Congress reasserting its constitutional authority.* In more news of Congress asserting its authority vis-a-vis the Epstein scandal, Representatives Ro Khanna and Thomas Massie appeared on “Meet the Press,” this week and said that while the release of the latest batch of files is “significant,” it “is not good enough.” Khanna estimates that only about half of the Epstein files have been released so far. Given how much we have learned from the files so far, it is anyone's guess what lurks in the files they have yet to release. Crucially, withholding the files is in direct contravention of the law authored by the two lawmakers. Khanna stated plainly that “If we don't get the remaining files…Thomas Massie and I are prepared to move on impeachment,” of Attorney General Pam Bondi. This from CNBC.* The Epstein scandal has contributed to growing fissures in the MAGA movement. Perhaps the most notable defector from that camp is retired Congresswoman Marjorie Taylor Greene. This week, Greene sat for an interview with conservative radio personality Kim Iversen, and said that President Trump's Make America Great Again slogan was “all a lie…a big lie for the people,” adding “What MAGA is really serving in this administration, who they're serving, is their big donors,” per the Hill. Elaborating further, Greene said that Trump's financial backers are the real beneficiaries of the supposedly populist movement, saying “They get the government contracts, they get the pardons, or somebody they love or one of their friends gets a pardon.” While Greene has resigned her seat in Congress, she shows little sign of disappearing from the public eye. Many speculate she could seek political office in the future, even the presidency, charting a path forward for a post-Trump GOP.* Another major fight in Congress has to do with checking the out of control Department of Homeland Security. While congressional Democrats' response to the events in Minneapolis leaves much to be desired, Senate Democratic leadership is pushing for reforms to “rein in” ICE and Border Patrol, including “body camera requirements, an end to roving patrols, elevated warrant requirements and a measure to ban officers from wearing masks,” per the Hill. While these reforms fall far short of what is needed, they would go a long way toward checking the worst excesses of these out of control organizations that have come to resemble nothing so much as secret police.* At the state level, the New York Times reports New York Attorney General Letitia James announced that her office will “deploy legal observers to document raids conducted by federal immigration authorities across the state.” These observers, who will be outfitted with clearly identifiable purple vests, are intended to serve as “neutral witnesses on the ground,” and will be “instructed not to interfere with enforcement activity.” This piece highlights that California and New York have already “unveiled online portals for residents to upload photos and videos of misconduct by federal agents that could be used in state lawsuits against the federal government.” A similar effort is being launched by New Jersey Governor Mikie Sherrill. It remains to be seen whether these attempts to step up oversight of ICE and CBP activity will check the flagrant misconduct we have seen in places in Minneapolis.* In more state and local news, the Root reports the Gullah-Geechee people – descendants of enslaved Africans who formed unique communities including a distinct culture and even language on the coasts of states like Georgia, Florida and the Carolinas – have scored a victory against gentrification on Sapelo Island, the only surviving Gullah-Geechee community in Georgia. In 2023, developers came in and, with local commissioners in their pockets attempted to “eliminate special zoning laws… [and] double the maximum home size on the island…to 3,000 square feet.” In response, local activists and groups like Keep Sapelo Geechee collected thousands of signatures to force a community vote on the matter. This measure passed late last month by a margin of 85%. While small in scale, this victory shows that when residents organize to protect their communities they can win, even in the face of long odds.* A more disturbing story of the American periphery comes to us from Bolts Magazine. This story concerns a family from American Samoa, an unincorporated U.S. Pacific territory where residents are “American Nationals” but not citizens of the United States. This family – Tupe Smith, her husband Mike Pese and their children – moved to Whittier, Alaska in 2017 to be close to Pese's mother. Smith, a pillar of the local community, was recruited to run for the school board and won unanimously. However, because she is only a National and not a citizen, despite having a U.S. passport and Social Security number, she was in fact not eligible to run for office or even vote. Smith was arrested and indicted on two charges of felony voter misconduct. The irony of this story is that “The Alaska DMV, which doubles as a voter registration office…did not [even] include [the option to identify as a non-citizen U.S. national on official forms] until 2022” and the state has admitted that it “registered an unspecified number of non-citizens to vote between 2022 and 2024.” Now, because of Alaska's own mistakes, some Nationals are beginning to be deported over their erroneous registrations. Beyond the bureaucratic incompetence, this is a story about the American empire designating people outside of U.S. mainland second-class citizens, or more precisely, Nationals, for no discernible reason other than keeping them as a permanent colonial underclass.* Speaking of American imperial expansion, the Financial Times reports Trump administration officials held covert meetings with fringe separatist groups from Canada's oil-rich province of Alberta, such as the far-right Alberta Prosperity Project. According to this report, separatist leaders have met with US state department officials in Washington three times since April 2025, and the separatists are seeking another meeting next month with state and Treasury officials to ask for a $500 billion credit line to help keep the province afloat financially if an independence referendum is passed. This blatant undermining of Canadian sovereignty triggered outcry in the country, with British Columbia premier David Eby saying “To go to a foreign country and to ask for assistance in breaking up Canada, there's an old fashioned word for that, and that word is treason.” This from another story in the FT.* In more Trump news, after a slew of embarrassing incidents including composer Philip Glass pulling his new Lincoln symphony from the Kennedy Center in protest and the arts director resigning after just days on the job, NPR reports the president announced he will close the center for two years for “Construction, Revitalization, and Complete Rebuilding.” As the NPR piece notes, this announcement has sent ripples of confusion through the D.C. arts world, including everyone from performers in long running shows like Shear Madness, which is currently booked at the center through October as well as unions with Kennedy Center contracts, such as the musicians of the National Symphony and backstage crew. Moreover, technically Congress would have to approve of this overhaul, though considering how deferential Republican congressional leaders have proven, they would likely rubber-stamp any proposed changes. Regardless, a long-term closure of the Kennedy Center would be a tragic loss for the cultural landscape of Washington and a humiliating acknowledgment of Trump's own mismanagement of the venerable institution.* Finally, we turn to the tiny island nation of Cuba, which has held out against imperialist pressure from the United States for so many decades. This week, President Trump told reporters “Mexico is gonna cease sending [Cuba] oil,” though he did not explain why, per Reuters. At the same time, the Guardian reports Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum has pledged to send humanitarian aid to Cuba adding that Mexico is “exploring all diplomatic avenues to be able to send fuel to the Cuban people,” despite the pressure campaign by the United States. She further claimed that despite Trump's comments, “We never discussed…the issue of oil with Cuba.” The Reuters piece however notes that “Trump has privately questioned Sheinbaum about crude and fuel shipments to Cuba,” and Sheinbaum “responded that the shipments are ‘humanitarian aid,'” and that Trump “did not directly urge Mexico to halt the oil deliveries.” On Sunday, the Hill reported Pope Leo XIV weighed in to beseech that the two nations engage in a “sincere and effective dialogue in order to avoid violence and every action that could increase the suffering of the dear Cuban people,” echoing a call by the Bishops of Cuba.This has been Francesco DeSantis, with In Case You Haven't Heard. Get full access to Ralph Nader Radio Hour at www.ralphnaderradiohour.com/subscribe