Podcast appearances and mentions of Adrian Wooldridge

在这一期，我会分享这本书中的主要洞察，以及我阅读时的一些想法：《The birth of plenty》，中文翻译过来应该叫做财富的诞生，也有中文的译本，作者是威廉·伯恩斯坦。这本财富的诞生核心的观点只有一个，就是一个团体或者国家财富的增长主要由4个因素组成：基于普通法的财产权、科学理性主义、先进的资本市场，以及运输和通信的巨大进步。这是非常具有洞察力的发现，而整本书，用了大量的事实来对这个观点进行验证，这些事实是具有帮助的，并且对个人的日常生活决策也很有借鉴意义，我想逐个地来进行分享。参考文献 William J. Bernstein. The Birth of Plenty: How the Prosperity of the Modern World Was Created. McGraw-Hill, 2004. （中文版：《财富的诞生》） 张笑宇. 文明三部曲（商贸与文明、技术与文明、产业与文明）. 中信出版社 Friedrich A. Hayek. The Road to Serfdom. University of Chicago Press, 1944. （中文版：《通往奴役之路》） Ronald H. Coase. The Firm, the Market, and the Law. University of Chicago Press, 1988. （相关产权经济学理论） Francis Bacon. Novum Organum (The New Organon). 1620. （中文版：《新工具》） Marc Levinson. The Box: How the Shipping Container Made the World Smaller and the World Economy Bigger. Princeton University Press, 2006. （中文版：《集装箱改变世界》） John Micklethwait & Adrian Wooldridge. The Company: A Short History of a Revolutionary Idea. Modern Library, 2003. （中文版：《公司，一个革命性概念的历史》） Tom Nicholas. VC: An American History. Harvard University Press, 2019. （相关讨论风险投资史） 配乐：Orange Peel. Kikagaku Moyo

BEFORE DEI, AFTER DEI:   3/8: The Aristocracy of Talent: How Meritocracy Made the Modern World, by Adrian Wooldridge  https://www.amazon.com/Aristocracy-Talent-Meritocracy-Modern-World/dp/1510768610/ref=sr_1_2?qid=1658009977&refinements=p_27%3AAdrian+Wooldridge&s=books&sr=1-2 The Times (UK) book of the year! Meritocracy: the idea that people should be advanced according to their talents rather than their birth. While this initially seemed like a novel concept, by the end of the twentieth century it had become the world's ruling ideology. How did this happen, and why is meritocracy now under attack from both right and left? In The Aristocracy of Talent, the esteemed journalist and historian Adrian Wooldridge traces the history of meritocracy forged by the politicians and officials who introduced the revolutionary principle of open competition, the psychologists who devised methods for measuring natural mental abilities, and the educationalists who built ladders of educational opportunity. He looks outside western cultures and shows what transformative effects it has had everywhere it has been adopted, especially once women were brought into the meritocratic system. 1871 LA COMMUNE, PARIS

BEFORE DEI, AFTER DEI:   8/8: The Aristocracy of Talent: How Meritocracy Made the Modern World, by Adrian Wooldridge  https://www.amazon.com/Aristocracy-Talent-Meritocracy-Modern-World/dp/1510768610/ref=sr_1_2?qid=1658009977&refinements=p_27%3AAdrian+Wooldridge&s=books&sr=1-2 The Times (UK) book of the year! Meritocracy: the idea that people should be advanced according to their talents rather than their birth. While this initially seemed like a novel concept, by the end of the twentieth century it had become the world's ruling ideology. How did this happen, and why is meritocracy now under attack from both right and left? In The Aristocracy of Talent, the esteemed journalist and historian Adrian Wooldridge traces the history of meritocracy forged by the politicians and officials who introduced the revolutionary principle of open competition, the psychologists who devised methods for measuring natural mental abilities, and the educationalists who built ladders of educational opportunity. He looks outside western cultures and shows what transformative effects it has had everywhere it has been adopted, especially once women were brought into the meritocratic system. 1938 PM CHAMBERLAIN DECLARING PEACE IN EUROPE

BEFORE DEI, AFTER DEI:   6/8: The Aristocracy of Talent: How Meritocracy Made the Modern World, by Adrian Wooldridge  https://www.amazon.com/Aristocracy-Talent-Meritocracy-Modern-World/dp/1510768610/ref=sr_1_2?qid=1658009977&refinements=p_27%3AAdrian+Wooldridge&s=books&sr=1-2 The Times (UK) book of the year! Meritocracy: the idea that people should be advanced according to their talents rather than their birth. While this initially seemed like a novel concept, by the end of the twentieth century it had become the world's ruling ideology. How did this happen, and why is meritocracy now under attack from both right and left? In The Aristocracy of Talent, the esteemed journalist and historian Adrian Wooldridge traces the history of meritocracy forged by the politicians and officials who introduced the revolutionary principle of open competition, the psychologists who devised methods for measuring natural mental abilities, and the educationalists who built ladders of educational opportunity. He looks outside western cultures and shows what transformative effects it has had everywhere it has been adopted, especially once women were brought into the meritocratic system. 1920 FRANCE

BEFORE DEI, AFTER DEI:  5/8: The Aristocracy of Talent: How Meritocracy Made the Modern World, by Adrian Wooldridge  https://www.amazon.com/Aristocracy-Talent-Meritocracy-Modern-World/dp/1510768610/ref=sr_1_2?qid=1658009977&refinements=p_27%3AAdrian+Wooldridge&s=books&sr=1-2 The Times (UK) book of the year! Meritocracy: the idea that people should be advanced according to their talents rather than their birth. While this initially seemed like a novel concept, by the end of the twentieth century it had become the world's ruling ideology. How did this happen, and why is meritocracy now under attack from both right and left? In The Aristocracy of Talent, the esteemed journalist and historian Adrian Wooldridge traces the history of meritocracy forged by the politicians and officials who introduced the revolutionary principle of open competition, the psychologists who devised methods for measuring natural mental abilities, and the educationalists who built ladders of educational opportunity. He looks outside western cultures and shows what transformative effects it has had everywhere it has been adopted, especially once women were brought into the meritocratic system. 1908 GRAND PRIX

BEFORE DEI, AFTER DEI:  4/8: The Aristocracy of Talent: How Meritocracy Made the Modern World, by Adrian Wooldridge  https://www.amazon.com/Aristocracy-Talent-Meritocracy-Modern-World/dp/1510768610/ref=sr_1_2?qid=1658009977&refinements=p_27%3AAdrian+Wooldridge&s=books&sr=1-2 The Times (UK) book of the year! Meritocracy: the idea that people should be advanced according to their talents rather than their birth. While this initially seemed like a novel concept, by the end of the twentieth century it had become the world's ruling ideology. How did this happen, and why is meritocracy now under attack from both right and left? In The Aristocracy of Talent, the esteemed journalist and historian Adrian Wooldridge traces the history of meritocracy forged by the politicians and officials who introduced the revolutionary principle of open competition, the psychologists who devised methods for measuring natural mental abilities, and the educationalists who built ladders of educational opportunity. He looks outside western cultures and shows what transformative effects it has had everywhere it has been adopted, especially once women were brought into the meritocratic system. 1912 HAROLD CLARK MACDONNELL

BEFORE DEI, AFTER DEI:   7/8: The Aristocracy of Talent: How Meritocracy Made the Modern World, by Adrian Wooldridge  https://www.amazon.com/Aristocracy-Talent-Meritocracy-Modern-World/dp/1510768610/ref=sr_1_2?qid=1658009977&refinements=p_27%3AAdrian+Wooldridge&s=books&sr=1-2 The Times (UK) book of the year! Meritocracy: the idea that people should be advanced according to their talents rather than their birth. While this initially seemed like a novel concept, by the end of the twentieth century it had become the world's ruling ideology. How did this happen, and why is meritocracy now under attack from both right and left? In The Aristocracy of Talent, the esteemed journalist and historian Adrian Wooldridge traces the history of meritocracy forged by the politicians and officials who introduced the revolutionary principle of open competition, the psychologists who devised methods for measuring natural mental abilities, and the educationalists who built ladders of educational opportunity. He looks outside western cultures and shows what transformative effects it has had everywhere it has been adopted, especially once women were brought into the meritocratic system. 1936 BERLIN OLYMPICS

BEFORE DEI, AFTER DEI:  2/8: The Aristocracy of Talent: How Meritocracy Made the Modern World, by Adrian Wooldridge  https://www.amazon.com/Aristocracy-Talent-Meritocracy-Modern-World/dp/1510768610/ref=sr_1_2?qid=1658009977&refinements=p_27%3AAdrian+Wooldridge&s=books&sr=1-2 The Times (UK) book of the year! Meritocracy: the idea that people should be advanced according to their talents rather than their birth. While this initially seemed like a novel concept, by the end of the twentieth century it had become the world's ruling ideology. How did this happen, and why is meritocracy now under attack from both right and left? In The Aristocracy of Talent, the esteemed journalist and historian Adrian Wooldridge traces the history of meritocracy forged by the politicians and officials who introduced the revolutionary principle of open competition, the psychologists who devised methods for measuring natural mental abilities, and the educationalists who built ladders of educational opportunity. He looks outside western cultures and shows what transformative effects it has had everywhere it has been adopted, especially once women were brought into the meritocratic system. 1813 ALEXANDER I OF RUSSIA

BEFORE DEI, AFTER DEI:   1/8: The Aristocracy of Talent: How Meritocracy Made the Modern World, by Adrian Wooldridge  https://www.amazon.com/Aristocracy-Talent-Meritocracy-Modern-World/dp/1510768610/ref=sr_1_2?qid=1658009977&refinements=p_27%3AAdrian+Wooldridge&s=books&sr=1-2 The Times (UK) book of the year! Meritocracy: the idea that people should be advanced according to their talents rather than their birth. While this initially seemed like a novel concept, by the end of the twentieth century it had become the world's ruling ideology. How did this happen, and why is meritocracy now under attack from both right and left? In The Aristocracy of Talent, the esteemed journalist and historian Adrian Wooldridge traces the history of meritocracy forged by the politicians and officials who introduced the revolutionary principle of open competition, the psychologists who devised methods for measuring natural mental abilities, and the educationalists who built ladders of educational opportunity. He looks outside western cultures and shows what transformative effects it has had everywhere it has been adopted, especially once women were brought into the meritocratic system. 1796 JOSEPHINE

Preview: Adrian Wooldridge Explores How Meritocratic Elites Historically Distrusted Both Popular Democracy and Hereditary Aristocracy, Favoring Rule by the Most Talented. More Later.    1845 

Preview: Adrian Wooldridge, Author of "The Aristocracy of Talent," on the Rise of Modern Meritocratic Elites. More Later. 1963 Joseph Kennedy's son, JFK, and Winston Churchill's son, Randolph Churchill.

Preview: Conversation with Adrian Wooldridge, Author of "The Aristocracy of Talent," on the Historic Struggle to Identify Merit Over Inherited Privilege Through the Centuries. More Later. 1944 Stork Club NYC

Adrian Wooldridge profiles Philippa Fawcett, the first female Senior Wrangler at Cambridge University and a trailblazer for women's achievement in a nascent meritocratic society. Read by Sebastian Brown. Engelsberg Ideas is funded by the Axel and Margaret Ax:son Johnson Foundation for Public Benefit. Image: 1890 engraving of Philippa Fawcett, the first female Senior Wrangler. Credit: Universal History Archive/Universal Images Group via Getty Images

Ben Page, chief executive of market research company Ipsos, joins Voternomics this week to outline what he's discovered about voters and what they think about their politicians, governments and economies. He tells Stephanie Flanders and Allegra Stratton that trust in politics is the “lowest we've ever measured.” Also on this episode, Flanders, Stratton and Adrian Wooldridge ask Bloomberg Opinion columnist John Authers whether—given the question of when the Federal Reserve will cut interest rates between now and the election—the central bank can remain above the political fray.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Nobel laureate and economics professor Joseph Stiglitz joins Francine Lacqua, Allegra Stratton and Adrian Wooldridge to explain why he feels the political right has warped the true meaning of freedom.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Karen Ward, J.P. Morgan Asset Management's chief market strategist for EMEA, joins this week to explain why politicians are being punished for the sins of central banks. Ward, a former Bank of England economist and adviser to both UK Chancellors Philip Hammond and Jeremy Hunt, tells Stephanie Flanders, Allegra Stratton and Adrian Wooldridge about the damage done as a result of missteps when it comes to inflation. Plus, Bloomberg News editor Craig Trudell unpacks how Elon Musk is driving on both sides of the US-China relationship. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Welcome to the first episode of Voternomics. On this podcast, Stephanie Flanders, Bloomberg's head of government and economics coverage, Allegra Stratton, author of Bloomberg's The Readout newsletter and Bloomberg Opinion columnist Adrian Wooldridge discuss how voters have the opportunity to affect markets, countries and economies like never before. Historian Niall Ferguson and Bloomberg Washington reporter Nancy Cook join our hosts to give their take on this unique moment in time. Ferguson explains why he believes the 2024 US presidential election isn't about foreign policy, why Donald Trump is using his 2016 campaign strategy and why the second Cold War is escalating faster than the first. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The biggest division in modern society is between the meritocracy and the people, the cognitive elite and the masses, the exam-passers and the exam-flunkers. Read by Leighton Pugh. Image: Caricature of a Cambridge University library in the Georgian era. Credit: Thomas Rowlandson / Alamy Stock Photo

Merryn Talks Money will return with an all-new episode next Friday. In the meantime, here's an election-related episode from our friends at In the City. Host Francine Lacqua and Opinion columnist Adrian Wooldridge speak with Anthony Scaramucci, a Wall Street veteran and former communications director in Donald Trump's White House. He joins to explain why he thinks a second Trump presidency would be “dangerous.” He also talks about why he isn't voting for his former boss and why he doesn't think the majority of Americans will either.Find more at https://www.bloomberg.com/podcasts/series/in-the-citySee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Anthony Scaramucci, a Wall Street veteran and former communications director in Donald Trump's White House, joins Francine Lacqua and Bloomberg Opinion columnist Adrian Wooldridge on this week's In the City to explain why he thinks a second Trump presidency would be “dangerous.” He also talks about why he isn't voting for his former boss and why he doesn't think the majority of Americans will either.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Former European Union Brexit negotiator Michel Barnier says the bloc is “in a sense at a crossroad.” With European Parliament elections set for June and focus turning to the far right, which is forecast to make gains, deep concern is rising for many in Europe— including Barnier. On this week's episode of In the City, he speaks with Francine Lacqua on the sidelines of the Bank of America conference in Rome.  Also on this episode, Bloomberg Opinion columnist Adrian Wooldridge joins to discuss Barnier's comments. Wooldridge said he sees a surge in right-wing populism defining the European elections, and predicts it will “upend a lot of conventional wisdom of how politics should work in Europe.” See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

CHALLENGING THE DEI SCHOOL : 3/8: The Aristocracy of Talent: How Meritocracy Made the Modern World, by Adrian Wooldridge  https://www.amazon.com/Aristocracy-Talent-Meritocracy-Modern-World/dp/1510768610/ref=sr_1_2?qid=1658009977&refinements=p_27%3AAdrian+Wooldridge&s=books&sr=1-2 In The Aristocracy of Talent, the esteemed journalist and historian Adrian Wooldridge traces the history of meritocracy forged by the politicians and officials who introduced the revolutionary principle of open competition, the psychologists who devised methods for measuring natural mental abilities, and the educationalists who built ladders of educational opportunity. He looks outside western cultures and shows what transformative effects it has had everywhere it has been adopted, especially once women were brought into the meritocratic system. 1967 New York Public Library

CHALLENGING THE DEI SCHOOL : 1/8: The Aristocracy of Talent: How Meritocracy Made the Modern World, by Adrian Wooldridge  https://www.amazon.com/Aristocracy-Talent-Meritocracy-Modern-World/dp/1510768610/ref=sr_1_2?qid=1658009977&refinements=p_27%3AAdrian+Wooldridge&s=books&sr=1-2 In The Aristocracy of Talent, the esteemed journalist and historian Adrian Wooldridge traces the history of meritocracy forged by the politicians and officials who introduced the revolutionary principle of open competition, the psychologists who devised methods for measuring natural mental abilities, and the educationalists who built ladders of educational opportunity. He looks outside western cultures and shows what transformative effects it has had everywhere it has been adopted, especially once women were brought into the meritocratic system. 1948 New York Public Library

CHALLENGING THE DEI SCHOOL : 2/8: The Aristocracy of Talent: How Meritocracy Made the Modern World, by Adrian Wooldridge  https://www.amazon.com/Aristocracy-Talent-Meritocracy-Modern-World/dp/1510768610/ref=sr_1_2?qid=1658009977&refinements=p_27%3AAdrian+Wooldridge&s=books&sr=1-2 In The Aristocracy of Talent, the esteemed journalist and historian Adrian Wooldridge traces the history of meritocracy forged by the politicians and officials who introduced the revolutionary principle of open competition, the psychologists who devised methods for measuring natural mental abilities, and the educationalists who built ladders of educational opportunity. He looks outside western cultures and shows what transformative effects it has had everywhere it has been adopted, especially once women were brought into the meritocratic system. 1832 Manhattan

CHALLENGING THE DEI SCHOOL : 4/8: The Aristocracy of Talent: How Meritocracy Made the Modern World, by Adrian Wooldridge  https://www.amazon.com/Aristocracy-Talent-Meritocracy-Modern-World/dp/1510768610/ref=sr_1_2?qid=1658009977&refinements=p_27%3AAdrian+Wooldridge&s=books&sr=1-2 In The Aristocracy of Talent, the esteemed journalist and historian Adrian Wooldridge traces the history of meritocracy forged by the politicians and officials who introduced the revolutionary principle of open competition, the psychologists who devised methods for measuring natural mental abilities, and the educationalists who built ladders of educational opportunity. He looks outside western cultures and shows what transformative effects it has had everywhere it has been adopted, especially once women were brought into the meritocratic system. 1960 The Bronx

CHALLENGING THE DEI SCHOOL : 5/8: The Aristocracy of Talent: How Meritocracy Made the Modern World, by Adrian Wooldridge  https://www.amazon.com/Aristocracy-Talent-Meritocracy-Modern-World/dp/1510768610/ref=sr_1_2?qid=1658009977&refinements=p_27%3AAdrian+Wooldridge&s=books&sr=1-2 In The Aristocracy of Talent, the esteemed journalist and historian Adrian Wooldridge traces the history of meritocracy forged by the politicians and officials who introduced the revolutionary principle of open competition, the psychologists who devised methods for measuring natural mental abilities, and the educationalists who built ladders of educational opportunity. He looks outside western cultures and shows what transformative effects it has had everywhere it has been adopted, especially once women were brought into the meritocratic system. 1936 Radio Row NYC

CHALLENGING THE DEI SCHOOL : 6/8: The Aristocracy of Talent: How Meritocracy Made the Modern World, by Adrian Wooldridge  https://www.amazon.com/Aristocracy-Talent-Meritocracy-Modern-World/dp/1510768610/ref=sr_1_2?qid=1658009977&refinements=p_27%3AAdrian+Wooldridge&s=books&sr=1-2 In The Aristocracy of Talent, the esteemed journalist and historian Adrian Wooldridge traces the history of meritocracy forged by the politicians and officials who introduced the revolutionary principle of open competition, the psychologists who devised methods for measuring natural mental abilities, and the educationalists who built ladders of educational opportunity. He looks outside western cultures and shows what transformative effects it has had everywhere it has been adopted, especially once women were brought into the meritocratic system. 1913 May Day NYC

CHALLENGING THE DEI SCHOOL : 7/8: The Aristocracy of Talent: How Meritocracy Made the Modern World, by Adrian Wooldridge  https://www.amazon.com/Aristocracy-Talent-Meritocracy-Modern-World/dp/1510768610/ref=sr_1_2?qid=1658009977&refinements=p_27%3AAdrian+Wooldridge&s=books&sr=1-2 In The Aristocracy of Talent, the esteemed journalist and historian Adrian Wooldridge traces the history of meritocracy forged by the politicians and officials who introduced the revolutionary principle of open competition, the psychologists who devised methods for measuring natural mental abilities, and the educationalists who built ladders of educational opportunity. He looks outside western cultures and shows what transformative effects it has had everywhere it has been adopted, especially once women were brought into the meritocratic system. 1918 The American Museum of Natural History

CHALLENGING THE DEI SCHOOL : 8/8: The Aristocracy of Talent: How Meritocracy Made the Modern World, by Adrian Wooldridge  https://www.amazon.com/Aristocracy-Talent-Meritocracy-Modern-World/dp/1510768610/ref=sr_1_2?qid=1658009977&refinements=p_27%3AAdrian+Wooldridge&s=books&sr=1-2 In The Aristocracy of Talent, the esteemed journalist and historian Adrian Wooldridge traces the history of meritocracy forged by the politicians and officials who introduced the revolutionary principle of open competition, the psychologists who devised methods for measuring natural mental abilities, and the educationalists who built ladders of educational opportunity. He looks outside western cultures and shows what transformative effects it has had everywhere it has been adopted, especially once women were brought into the meritocratic system. 1917 American Museum of Natural History

PREVIEW: TALENT: #GENTRY: Excerpt from a conversation with author Adrian Wooldridge re his new book, THE ARISTOCRACY OF TALENT, how the 19th century moved from venerating landed gentry to venerating intellectual power -- and the challenging and fraught search for intellect in schooling and testing.  More of this later. The Aristocracy of Talent: How Meritocracy Made the Modern World, by Adrian Wooldridge  https://www.amazon.com/Aristocracy-Talent-Meritocracy-Modern-World/dp/1510768610/ref=sr_1_2?qid=1658009977&refinements=p_27%3AAdrian+Wooldridge&s=books&sr=1-2 1909 Oxford

PREVIEW: Clintons: Excerpt from a conversation with author Adrian Wooldridge re his new book, THE ARISTOCRACY OF TALENT, re how the elite authority of the 1990s, exemplified in the Clinton Administration led the way to discard the traditional valuesof the US -- patriotism, religion, family -- and replace the familiar with the anything goes thinking that moves toward  the disordered values of 2024. More later. The Aristocracy of Talent: How Meritocracy Made the Modern World, by Adrian Wooldridge  https://www.amazon.com/Aristocracy-Talent-Meritocracy-Modern-World/dp/1510768610/ref=sr_1_2?qid=1658009977&refinements=p_27%3AAdrian+Wooldridge&s=books&sr=1-2 1918 Princeton graduation

The In the City team analyzes the UK finance minister's offerings and whether they're enough to stave off defeat at the polls. Allegra Stratton, Francine Lacqua and Adrian Wooldridge host. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

What is Jeremy Hunt's plan for the UK budget this week? Where are tax and spending plans heading? Will any version of the budget make a dent in the Labour Party's lead in the polls?UK government reporter Joe Mayes, creator of the UK budget game, joins this week's In the City to explore those questions and outline what options he believes the Chancellor of the Exchequer has available to him. Hosts Francine Lacqua, Allegra Stratton and Bloomberg Opinion columnist Adrian Wooldridge also ask about the Conservative Party's attitude toward its election chances and what we might expect to see from a Labour budget should the party come to power in the next election.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

ALARM IN THE IVIES: 6/8: The Aristocracy of Talent: How Meritocracy Made the Modern World, by Adrian Wooldridge  https://www.amazon.com/Aristocracy-Talent-Meritocracy-Modern-World/dp/1510768610/ref=sr_1_2?qid=1658009977&refinements=p_27%3AAdrian+Wooldridge&s=books&sr=1-2 The Times (UK) book of the year! Meritocracy: the idea that people should be advanced according to their talents rather than their birth. While this initially seemed like a novel concept, by the end of the twentieth century it had become the world's ruling ideology. How did this happen, and why is meritocracy now under attack from both right and left? In The Aristocracy of Talent, the esteemed journalist and historian Adrian Wooldridge traces the history of meritocracy forged by the politicians and officials who introduced the revolutionary principle of open competition, the psychologists who devised methods for measuring natural mental abilities, and the educationalists who built ladders of educational opportunity. He looks outside western cultures and shows what transformative effects it has had everywhere it has been adopted, especially once women were brought into the meritocratic system. 1917 Yale: French artillery

PREVIEW: From a much longer conversation, author Adrian Wooldridge describes how the extremely well-educated of the university institutions came to assume rule over the great numbers of citizens and even over the few vastly wealthy commercial men.  The alarm in the Ivy Leagues just now --faculty and administrators-- is in part the realization that the voters and the billionaires are pushing back. 1/8: The Aristocracy of Talent: How Meritocracy Made the Modern World, by Adrian Wooldridge  https://www.amazon.com/Aristocracy-Talent-Meritocracy-Modern-World/dp/1510768610/ref=sr_1_2?qid=1658009977&refinements=p_27%3AAdrian+Wooldridge&s=books&sr=1-2 1910 

ALARM IN THE IVIES: 8/8: The Aristocracy of Talent: How Meritocracy Made the Modern World, by Adrian Wooldridge  https://www.amazon.com/Aristocracy-Talent-Meritocracy-Modern-World/dp/1510768610/ref=sr_1_2?qid=1658009977&refinements=p_27%3AAdrian+Wooldridge&s=books&sr=1-2 The Times (UK) book of the year! Meritocracy: the idea that people should be advanced according to their talents rather than their birth. While this initially seemed like a novel concept, by the end of the twentieth century it had become the world's ruling ideology. How did this happen, and why is meritocracy now under attack from both right and left? In The Aristocracy of Talent, the esteemed journalist and historian Adrian Wooldridge traces the history of meritocracy forged by the politicians and officials who introduced the revolutionary principle of open competition, the psychologists who devised methods for measuring natural mental abilities, and the educationalists who built ladders of educational opportunity. He looks outside western cultures and shows what transformative effects it has had everywhere it has been adopted, especially once women were brought into the meritocratic system. 1910

ALARM IN THE IVIES: 7/8: The Aristocracy of Talent: How Meritocracy Made the Modern World, by Adrian Wooldridge  https://www.amazon.com/Aristocracy-Talent-Meritocracy-Modern-World/dp/1510768610/ref=sr_1_2?qid=1658009977&refinements=p_27%3AAdrian+Wooldridge&s=books&sr=1-2 The Times (UK) book of the year! Meritocracy: the idea that people should be advanced according to their talents rather than their birth. While this initially seemed like a novel concept, by the end of the twentieth century it had become the world's ruling ideology. How did this happen, and why is meritocracy now under attack from both right and left? In The Aristocracy of Talent, the esteemed journalist and historian Adrian Wooldridge traces the history of meritocracy forged by the politicians and officials who introduced the revolutionary principle of open competition, the psychologists who devised methods for measuring natural mental abilities, and the educationalists who built ladders of educational opportunity. He looks outside western cultures and shows what transformative effects it has had everywhere it has been adopted, especially once women were brought into the meritocratic system. 1916 Stanford departing for the French Ambulance Corps

ALARM IN THE IVIES: 4/8: The Aristocracy of Talent: How Meritocracy Made the Modern World, by Adrian Wooldridge  https://www.amazon.com/Aristocracy-Talent-Meritocracy-Modern-World/dp/1510768610/ref=sr_1_2?qid=1658009977&refinements=p_27%3AAdrian+Wooldridge&s=books&sr=1-2 The Times (UK) book of the year! Meritocracy: the idea that people should be advanced according to their talents rather than their birth. While this initially seemed like a novel concept, by the end of the twentieth century it had become the world's ruling ideology. How did this happen, and why is meritocracy now under attack from both right and left? In The Aristocracy of Talent, the esteemed journalist and historian Adrian Wooldridge traces the history of meritocracy forged by the politicians and officials who introduced the revolutionary principle of open competition, the psychologists who devised methods for measuring natural mental abilities, and the educationalists who built ladders of educational opportunity. He looks outside western cultures and shows what transformative effects it has had everywhere it has been adopted, especially once women were brought into the meritocratic system. June 1918, Princeton graduation

ALARM IN THE IVIES: 5/8: The Aristocracy of Talent: How Meritocracy Made the Modern World, by Adrian Wooldridge  https://www.amazon.com/Aristocracy-Talent-Meritocracy-Modern-World/dp/1510768610/ref=sr_1_2?qid=1658009977&refinements=p_27%3AAdrian+Wooldridge&s=books&sr=1-2 The Times (UK) book of the year! Meritocracy: the idea that people should be advanced according to their talents rather than their birth. While this initially seemed like a novel concept, by the end of the twentieth century it had become the world's ruling ideology. How did this happen, and why is meritocracy now under attack from both right and left? In The Aristocracy of Talent, the esteemed journalist and historian Adrian Wooldridge traces the history of meritocracy forged by the politicians and officials who introduced the revolutionary principle of open competition, the psychologists who devised methods for measuring natural mental abilities, and the educationalists who built ladders of educational opportunity. He looks outside western cultures and shows what transformative effects it has had everywhere it has been adopted, especially once women were brought into the meritocratic system. 1918 Harvard graduation

ALARM IN THE IVIES: 3/8: The Aristocracy of Talent: How Meritocracy Made the Modern World, by Adrian Wooldridge  https://www.amazon.com/Aristocracy-Talent-Meritocracy-Modern-World/dp/1510768610/ref=sr_1_2?qid=1658009977&refinements=p_27%3AAdrian+Wooldridge&s=books&sr=1-2 The Times (UK) book of the year! Meritocracy: the idea that people should be advanced according to their talents rather than their birth. While this initially seemed like a novel concept, by the end of the twentieth century it had become the world's ruling ideology. How did this happen, and why is meritocracy now under attack from both right and left? In The Aristocracy of Talent, the esteemed journalist and historian Adrian Wooldridge traces the history of meritocracy forged by the politicians and officials who introduced the revolutionary principle of open competition, the psychologists who devised methods for measuring natural mental abilities, and the educationalists who built ladders of educational opportunity. He looks outside western cultures and shows what transformative effects it has had everywhere it has been adopted, especially once women were brought into the meritocratic system. 1920 Harvard Yard

ALARM IN THE IVIES: 2/8: The Aristocracy of Talent: How Meritocracy Made the Modern World, by Adrian Wooldridge  https://www.amazon.com/Aristocracy-Talent-Meritocracy-Modern-World/dp/1510768610/ref=sr_1_2?qid=1658009977&refinements=p_27%3AAdrian+Wooldridge&s=books&sr=1-2 The Times (UK) book of the year! Meritocracy: the idea that people should be advanced according to their talents rather than their birth. While this initially seemed like a novel concept, by the end of the twentieth century it had become the world's ruling ideology. How did this happen, and why is meritocracy now under attack from both right and left? In The Aristocracy of Talent, the esteemed journalist and historian Adrian Wooldridge traces the history of meritocracy forged by the politicians and officials who introduced the revolutionary principle of open competition, the psychologists who devised methods for measuring natural mental abilities, and the educationalists who built ladders of educational opportunity. He looks outside western cultures and shows what transformative effects it has had everywhere it has been adopted, especially once women were brought into the meritocratic system. 1959 College Bowl: Princeton vs Georgetown 

ALARM IN THE IVIES: 1/8: The Aristocracy of Talent: How Meritocracy Made the Modern World, by Adrian Wooldridge  https://www.amazon.com/Aristocracy-Talent-Meritocracy-Modern-World/dp/1510768610/ref=sr_1_2?qid=1658009977&refinements=p_27%3AAdrian+Wooldridge&s=books&sr=1-2 The Times (UK) book of the year! Meritocracy: the idea that people should be advanced according to their talents rather than their birth. While this initially seemed like a novel concept, by the end of the twentieth century it had become the world's ruling ideology. How did this happen, and why is meritocracy now under attack from both right and left? In The Aristocracy of Talent, the esteemed journalist and historian Adrian Wooldridge traces the history of meritocracy forged by the politicians and officials who introduced the revolutionary principle of open competition, the psychologists who devised methods for measuring natural mental abilities, and the educationalists who built ladders of educational opportunity. He looks outside western cultures and shows what transformative effects it has had everywhere it has been adopted, especially once women were brought into the meritocratic system. 1910

Photo: No known restrictions on publication. @Batchelorshow ENGLAND EXPECTS. 6/8  The Aristocracy of Talent: How Meritocracy Made the Modern World, by Adrian Wooldridge  Hardcover https://www.amazon.com/Aristocracy-Talent-Meritocracy-Modern-World/dp/1510768610/ref=sr_1_2?qid=1658009977&refinements=p_27%3AAdrian+Wooldridge&s=books&sr=1-2 The Times (UK) book of the year! Meritocracy: the idea that people should be advanced according to their talents rather than their birth. While this initially seemed like a novel concept, by the end of the twentieth century it had become the world's ruling ideology. How did this happen, and why is meritocracy now under attack from both right and left? In The Aristocracy of Talent, the esteemed journalist and historian Adrian Wooldridge traces the history of meritocracy forged by the politicians and officials who introduced the revolutionary principle of open competition, the psychologists who devised methods for measuring natural mental abilities, and the educationalists who built ladders of educational opportunity. He looks outside western cultures and shows what transformative effects it has had everywhere it has been adopted, especially once women were brought into the meritocratic system.

Photo: 1900. No known restrictions on publication. @Batchelorshow ENGLAND EXPECTS. 8/8  The Aristocracy of Talent: How Meritocracy Made the Modern World, by Adrian Wooldridge  Hardcover https://www.amazon.com/Aristocracy-Talent-Meritocracy-Modern-World/dp/1510768610/ref=sr_1_2?qid=1658009977&refinements=p_27%3AAdrian+Wooldridge&s=books&sr=1-2 The Times (UK) book of the year! Meritocracy: the idea that people should be advanced according to their talents rather than their birth. While this initially seemed like a novel concept, by the end of the twentieth century it had become the world's ruling ideology. How did this happen, and why is meritocracy now under attack from both right and left? In The Aristocracy of Talent, the esteemed journalist and historian Adrian Wooldridge traces the history of meritocracy forged by the politicians and officials who introduced the revolutionary principle of open competition, the psychologists who devised methods for measuring natural mental abilities, and the educationalists who built ladders of educational opportunity. He looks outside western cultures and shows what transformative effects it has had everywhere it has been adopted, especially once women were brought into the meritocratic system.

Photo: 1900 Amelia: Royal yacht. No known restrictions on publication. @Batchelorshow ENGLAND EXPECTS. 1/8  The Aristocracy of Talent: How Meritocracy Made the Modern World, by Adrian Wooldridge  Hardcover https://www.amazon.com/Aristocracy-Talent-Meritocracy-Modern-World/dp/1510768610/ref=sr_1_2?qid=1658009977&refinements=p_27%3AAdrian+Wooldridge&s=books&sr=1-2 The Times (UK) book of the year! Meritocracy: the idea that people should be advanced according to their talents rather than their birth. While this initially seemed like a novel concept, by the end of the twentieth century it had become the world's ruling ideology. How did this happen, and why is meritocracy now under attack from both right and left? In The Aristocracy of Talent, the esteemed journalist and historian Adrian Wooldridge traces the history of meritocracy forged by the politicians and officials who introduced the revolutionary principle of open competition, the psychologists who devised methods for measuring natural mental abilities, and the educationalists who built ladders of educational opportunity. He looks outside western cultures and shows what transformative effects it has had everywhere it has been adopted, especially once women were brought into the meritocratic system.

Photo: No known restrictions on publication. @Batchelorshow ENGLAND EXPECTS. 2/8  The Aristocracy of Talent: How Meritocracy Made the Modern World, by Adrian Wooldridge  Hardcover https://www.amazon.com/Aristocracy-Talent-Meritocracy-Modern-World/dp/1510768610/ref=sr_1_2?qid=1658009977&refinements=p_27%3AAdrian+Wooldridge&s=books&sr=1-2 The Times (UK) book of the year! Meritocracy: the idea that people should be advanced according to their talents rather than their birth. While this initially seemed like a novel concept, by the end of the twentieth century it had become the world's ruling ideology. How did this happen, and why is meritocracy now under attack from both right and left? In The Aristocracy of Talent, the esteemed journalist and historian Adrian Wooldridge traces the history of meritocracy forged by the politicians and officials who introduced the revolutionary principle of open competition, the psychologists who devised methods for measuring natural mental abilities, and the educationalists who built ladders of educational opportunity. He looks outside western cultures and shows what transformative effects it has had everywhere it has been adopted, especially once women were brought into the meritocratic system.

Photo: No known restrictions on publication. @Batchelorshow ENGLAND EXPECTS.3/8  The Aristocracy of Talent: How Meritocracy Made the Modern World, by Adrian Wooldridge  Hardcover https://www.amazon.com/Aristocracy-Talent-Meritocracy-Modern-World/dp/1510768610/ref=sr_1_2?qid=1658009977&refinements=p_27%3AAdrian+Wooldridge&s=books&sr=1-2 The Times (UK) book of the year! Meritocracy: the idea that people should be advanced according to their talents rather than their birth. While this initially seemed like a novel concept, by the end of the twentieth century it had become the world's ruling ideology. How did this happen, and why is meritocracy now under attack from both right and left? In The Aristocracy of Talent, the esteemed journalist and historian Adrian Wooldridge traces the history of meritocracy forged by the politicians and officials who introduced the revolutionary principle of open competition, the psychologists who devised methods for measuring natural mental abilities, and the educationalists who built ladders of educational opportunity. He looks outside western cultures and shows what transformative effects it has had everywhere it has been adopted, especially once women were brought into the meritocratic system.

Photo: No known restrictions on publication. @Batchelorshow ENGLAND EXPECTS. 4/8  The Aristocracy of Talent: How Meritocracy Made the Modern World, by Adrian Wooldridge  Hardcover https://www.amazon.com/Aristocracy-Talent-Meritocracy-Modern-World/dp/1510768610/ref=sr_1_2?qid=1658009977&refinements=p_27%3AAdrian+Wooldridge&s=books&sr=1-2 The Times (UK) book of the year! Meritocracy: the idea that people should be advanced according to their talents rather than their birth. While this initially seemed like a novel concept, by the end of the twentieth century it had become the world's ruling ideology. How did this happen, and why is meritocracy now under attack from both right and left? In The Aristocracy of Talent, the esteemed journalist and historian Adrian Wooldridge traces the history of meritocracy forged by the politicians and officials who introduced the revolutionary principle of open competition, the psychologists who devised methods for measuring natural mental abilities, and the educationalists who built ladders of educational opportunity. He looks outside western cultures and shows what transformative effects it has had everywhere it has been adopted, especially once women were brought into the meritocratic system.

Photo: No known restrictions on publication. @Batchelorshow ENGLAND EXPECTS. 5/8  The Aristocracy of Talent: How Meritocracy Made the Modern World, by Adrian Wooldridge  Hardcover https://www.amazon.com/Aristocracy-Talent-Meritocracy-Modern-World/dp/1510768610/ref=sr_1_2?qid=1658009977&refinements=p_27%3AAdrian+Wooldridge&s=books&sr=1-2 The Times (UK) book of the year! Meritocracy: the idea that people should be advanced according to their talents rather than their birth. While this initially seemed like a novel concept, by the end of the twentieth century it had become the world's ruling ideology. How did this happen, and why is meritocracy now under attack from both right and left? In The Aristocracy of Talent, the esteemed journalist and historian Adrian Wooldridge traces the history of meritocracy forged by the politicians and officials who introduced the revolutionary principle of open competition, the psychologists who devised methods for measuring natural mental abilities, and the educationalists who built ladders of educational opportunity. He looks outside western cultures and shows what transformative effects it has had everywhere it has been adopted, especially once women were brought into the meritocratic system.

Photo: 1900. No known restrictions on publication. @Batchelorshow ENGLAND EXPECTS. 7/8: The Aristocracy of Talent: How Meritocracy Made the Modern World, by Adrian Wooldridge  Hardcover https://www.amazon.com/Aristocracy-Talent-Meritocracy-Modern-World/dp/1510768610/ref=sr_1_2?qid=1658009977&refinements=p_27%3AAdrian+Wooldridge&s=books&sr=1-2 The Times (UK) book of the year! Meritocracy: the idea that people should be advanced according to their talents rather than their birth. While this initially seemed like a novel concept, by the end of the twentieth century it had become the world's ruling ideology. How did this happen, and why is meritocracy now under attack from both right and left? In The Aristocracy of Talent, the esteemed journalist and historian Adrian Wooldridge traces the history of meritocracy forged by the politicians and officials who introduced the revolutionary principle of open competition, the psychologists who devised methods for measuring natural mental abilities, and the educationalists who built ladders of educational opportunity. He looks outside western cultures and shows what transformative effects it has had everywhere it has been adopted, especially once women were brought into the meritocratic system.