Podcasts about Hayek

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Politicians say they can “fix” the economy.But economists Friedrich Hayek and Ludwig von Mises pointed out how government “fixes" lead to bigger problems.Hayek and Mises predicted the fall of the Soviet Union. They warned that centrally planned economies fail.But today, socialism is popular again. New York and Seattle have elected socialist mayors.Many politicians still believe that government can manage the economy—an idea popularized by economist John Maynard Keynes.Keynes was revered. Politicians love his arguments.But Hayek and Mises warned that government intervention leads to inflation, instability, and boom-bust cycles.They were right.In this podcast, Ryan McMaken of the Mises Institute explains why we should read Hayek and Mises today.

Er legt sich lieber mit Investoren an, statt Leute zu entlassen – und hat gemeinsam mit der Luxusmarke Audemars Piguet den wohl größten Hype der Uhren-Geschichte kreiert. Doch bevor Nick Hayek im OMR Podcast dazu kommt, zündet er erstmal genüsslich eine Zigarre an. Dann spricht der Swatch-Group-Chef über… ... die Royal-Pop-Kollaboration von Swatch und Audemars Piguet, Prügeleien vor den Stores und einen besorgten Anruf vom französischen Innenminister ... Konkurrenten von Rolex bis Apple – und warum er weder vor der Schweizer Luxusmarke noch vor der Smartwatch aus Cupertino Angst hat. ... seinen Knallhart-Kurs bei Promi-Geschenken: Ja, sogar VIPs müssen in den Swatch-Shop, wenn sie eine Uhr kaufen wollen ... Ach ja, eine eigene KI hat sein Unternehmen natürlich auch ausgetüftelt und der Chef von Marken wie Swatch, Omega und Tissot findet: Klappt besser als mit ChatGPT. Und falls du dich jetzt fragst: Hat der sie noch alle? Hör selbst…

How does a free, decentralized, volunteer-run encyclopedia produce something more trusted than nearly any for-profit institution? Luigi Zingales and Bethany McLean sit down with Wikipedia co-founder Jimmy Wales to explore how the platform organizes global knowledge.  The conversation unpacks how Wikipedia governs itself without a central authority, why consensus beats voting, and what the deliberate vagueness of its rules actually protects against. But is artificial intelligence a looming threat to this system? Wales questions whether these new technologies can actually verify truth without the human feedback loops that correct traditional platforms.  Can the community-driven approach of Wikipedia teach the broader business world how to survive an era of deep digital skepticism? Tune in to discover if spontaneous human order is truly the ultimate defense against an automated future. Connect with us:

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Pressure is part of leadership. But what happens when pressure becomes unsustainable? In this Leadership Podcast episode, Claire Hayek joins Niels Brabandt to discuss one of the most important yet overlooked leadership capabilities in modern business: staying calm under pressure. Why do many executives appear to thrive under stress while quietly approaching burnout? Can pressure truly build resilience, or are organisations normalising biologically unsustainable performance patterns? This episode explores: • How to stay calm under pressure • Why sustained stress becomes a leadership risk • Nervous system regulation for executives • The science behind resilience and neuroplasticity • Tactical breathing and practical stress regulation • Leadership under pressure and emotional regulation • Toxic pressure cultures in organisations • Self-awareness and sustainable executive performance • Calm leadership in high-stakes environments This episode is essential for CEOs, executives, founders, board members, HR leaders and decision-makers seeking sustainable high performance without burnout. Host: Niels Brabandt / NB@NB-Networks.com Contact Niels Brabandt: https://www.linkedin.com/in/nielsbrabandt/ Niels Brabandt's Leadership Letter: https://expert.nb-networks.com/ Niels Brabandt's Website: https://www.nb-networks.biz/ 

Listen to the full episode In this contribution to an ongoing co-host conversation, Matthew argues that the liberal centre's habit of punching left is a historically conditioned class strategy. From FDR's New Deal—designed to inoculate capitalism against socialism—through Hayek, Buckley, the Birchers, Limbaugh, and the Obama-era "socialist medicine" smear, liberals have accepted the premises of Red Scare attacks, because doing so served their own interest in disciplining the actual left.  The result is a Ratchet Effect that pulls discourse perpetually rightward, and a narrowing of the Overton window to convert anticapitalist politics into psychological pathology.  When the liberal centre engineers conditions in which no structural challenge to capitalism is rational, it can caricature the resulting conflict as hysteria, cultishness, and immaturity. There's also a gendered dynamic going on here, in which the leftist is unreasonable, nitpicky, always demanding too much, focused on minutiae but also big feelings, and always missing the “big picture”. Sometimes the only real division between right wing and liberal responses to the left is the difference between outright hatred and resentful dismissal.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Today I am delighted to talk with Quinn Slobodian and Ben Tarnoff about their new book, Muskism: A Guide for the Perplexed. This is much more than a biography or popular account of Elon Musk, it is a radical analysis of a deeply disturbing, computational way of seeing the world.  We see a mind that is profoundly troubled by any contagion spreading into seemingly closed systems—it can take the form of racial others, transpeople, “woke” populations, or most generally and dismissively, “Non-Player-Characters.” We talk about the dangers this mindset and its manifestations have on democracy and the public sphere, and argue that what we should do is to “embrace the woke-mind virus as a counter-revolutionary act.”Quinn Slobodian is professor of international history at the Frederick S. Pardee School of Global Studies at Boston University. His books, which have been translated into ten languages, include Globalists: The End of Empire and the Birth of Neoliberalism, Crack-Up Capitalism: Market Radicals and the Dream of a World without Democracy, and Hayek's Bastards: Race, Gold, IQ and the Capitalism of the Far Right . His most recent book, co-authored with Ban Tarnoff, Muskism: A Guide for the Perplexed.  Slobodian is a Guggenheim Fellow for 2025-6; he has been an associate fellow at Chatham House and held residential fellowships at Harvard University and Free University Berlin. Project Syndicate put him on a list of 30 Forward Thinkers and Prospect UK named him one of the World's 25 Top Thinkers.Ben Tarnoff is a writer from Massachusetts. He is the co-author, with Quinn Slobodian, of Muskism: A Guide for the Perplexed.  

Die interessantesten Themen sind ja wohl diejenigen, bei denen man seine Meinung ändert oder zumindest ins Grübeln gerät. Religion beziehungsweise parareligiöse Phänomene interessieren mich seit langer Zeit. Früher hauptsächlich im Sinne der philosophisch oder ontologisch fundamentalen Fragen; also: existiert Gott, wie wäre Gott überhaupt zu denken, falls er existiert, Fragen von Schöpfung, Design, Evolution und dergleichen. Es gibt aber eine zweite Dimension, die ich ebenso mit Jan Juhani zum Teil angesprochen habe, die Frage der operationalen Rolle von Religion. Es scheint recht unumstritten zu sein, dass der Erfolg von Gesellschaften über historische Zeiträume deutlich von Religion abhängig war oder zumindest davon profitiert hat. Faktoren sind dabei: sozialer Zusammenhalt, Strukturbildung und Tradition, das heißt Weitergabe lebenswichtiger Ideen, gesellschaftliche Resilienz, aber auch, und sehr wichtig. Aber auch, und ganz wichtig, Transzendenz — im Tun, nicht nur im Glauben — also z.B. Aktivitäten, die weit über das eigene Leben reichen, von Kunst und Kultur bis zu Technik, Politik oder Bautätigkeit. Anders ausgedrückt: für viele, aber wohl nicht alle Menschen, ist ein religiöses Schema in das ihr Leben eingebettet ist, von großer praktischer Bedeutung (auch wenn sie sich rational dessen nicht bewusst sind). Ich habe, denke ich, in der Vergangenheit diesen zweiten Aspekt unterschätzt. Das ist, vermutlich einer der Gründe, warum wir gerade im Westen so einen defaitistischen Niedergang erleben. Es gibt eine viel zu großen Zahl an Menschen, die sich für progressiv und rational halten, alles ablehnen, was vermeintlich nach Tradition riecht. Sie glauben schlau genug zu sein, ad hoc die Probleme der Welt lösen zu können aber wenn diese Ideen dann aber auf die Realität treffen, fallen sie häufig in sich zusammen wie ein Kartenhaus. Daraus folgen zwei Fragen: warum ist es nicht gelungen, Ideen hart zu reflektieren und einem Wettbewerb auszusetzen, denn alle sind ja jetzt vermeintlich so rational und nicht mehr gläubig und zweitens, das ist damit verbunden: Wie kam es allerdings dazu, dass gerade diese Selbst-Überschätzer in der Lage waren, zur Eliten zu werden, und die Geschicke Europas (und teilweise der USA) so negativ zu beeinflussen? In dieser Folge diskutiere ich parareligiöse Phänomene, die wir über lange Zeit in säkularen Gesellschaften erleben. Wie sollen wir damit umgehen? Zitate aus dieser Episode: »Der Faszination des Neuen folgt in der Regel die Gewöhnung, die so weit geht, dass wir das Technische gar nicht mehr als das Technische wahrnehmen.« , Klaus Kornwachs ... »One's initial surprise at finding that intelligent people tend to be socialists diminishes when one realises that, of course, intelligent people will tend to overvalue intelligence, and to suppose that we must owe all the advantages and opportunities that our civilisation offers to deliberate design rather than to following traditional rules, and likewise to suppose that we can, by exercising our reason, eliminate any remaining undesired features by still more intelligent reflection, and still more appropriate design and 'rational coordination' of our undertakings.«, Friedrich Hayek ... »Die Beflissenheit, mit der sich dann die deutschen Gelehrten und Wissenschaftler fast ausnahmslos den neuen Machthabern zur Verfügung stellten, ist eins der erschütterndsten und beschämendsten Schauspiele in der ganzen Geschichte des Aufstiegs des Nationalsozialismus.«, Friedrich Hayek Referenzen Andere Episoden Episode 148: Künstliche Vernunft? Ein Gespräch mit Jan Juhani Steinmann Episode 145: Reflexion und Rekonstruktion! Episode 144: Was ist Fortschritt? Ein Gespräch mit Dr. Daniel Stelter aus ökonomischer Perspektive Episode 141: Passagier oder Steuermann? Ein Gespräch mit Markus Raunig Episode 138: Im Windschatten der Narrative, ein Gespräch mit Ralf M. Ruthardt Episode 135: Friedrich Hayek und die Beschränktheit der menschlichen Vernunft. Ein Gespräch mit Nickolas Emrich Episode 133: Desinformiere Dich! Ein Gespräch mit Jakob Schirrmacher Episode 131: Wot Se Fack, Deutschland? Ein Gespräch mit Vince Ebert Episode 126: Schwarz gekleidet im dunklen Kohlekeller. Ein Gespräch mit Axel Bojanowski Episode 120: All In: Energie, Wohlstand und die Zukunft der Welt: Ein Gespräch mit Prof. Franz Josef Radermacher Episode 118: Science and Decision Making under Uncertainty, A Conversation with Prof. John Ioannidis Episode 117: Der humpelnde Staat, ein Gespräch mit Prof. Christoph Kletzer Episode 116: Science and Politics, A Conversation with Prof. Jessica Weinkle Episode 109: Was ist Komplexität? Ein Gespräch mit Dr. Marco Wehr Episode 107: How to Organise Complex Societies? A Conversation with Johan Norberg Episode 106: Wissenschaft als Ersatzreligion? Ein Gespräch mit  Manfred Glauninger Episode 98: Ist Gott tot? Ein philosophisches Gespräch mit Jan Juhani Steinmann Fachliche Referenzen Klaus Kornwachs, Philosophie der Technik (C.H.Beck Wissen) (2013) The Culturist Tweet Sheehan Quirke, How did the world get so ugly? Paul Ehrlich, The Population Bomb (1968) Vaclav Smil, How the World Really Works, Penguin (2022) Friedrich von Hayek, The Road to Serfdom, Routledge (1944) Friedrich Hayek, The Fatal Conceit: The Errors of Socialsm (1988) Émile Cammaerts in The Laughing Prophet: The Seven Virtues and G. K. Chesterton Andrew Gilligan, Why is this Green candidate sharing an anti-semitic post? The Spectator (2026) Hat die Linkspartei ein Antisemitismus-Problem? RBB (2025) The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression, Harvard University Press, 1999

The Neuroscience of Resilience: Building Pressure-Proof Leadership with Claire HayekIn a recent episode of The Thoughtful Entrepreneur Podcast, host Josh Elledge sat down with Claire Hayek, the founder of mspteambuilding.ca, neuro-leadership expert, and host of The Neuro Leadership Edge. Claire's unique approach to executive development centers on "mental fitness"—the specialized training required to rewire the brain for calm authority in high-stakes environments. This conversation serves as a strategic masterclass for founders and CEOs who find themselves reacting to the volatility of the market rather than leading through it, offering a neuroscience-backed roadmap for building resilient leadership systems that thrive under pressure.Neuro-Leadership: Shifting from Reactive Stress to Intentional AuthorityThe most significant barrier to effective leadership in high-pressure situations is the biological hardwiring of the human brain. Claire Hayek explains that when stakes are high, the amygdala—the brain's fight-or-flight center—often hijacks the prefrontal cortex, leading to knee-jerk reactions, indecision, or cultural erosion. Mental fitness is the practice of training the brain to override these survival instincts, allowing a leader to remain steady and decisive even when the organization is in crisis. By focusing on neuroplasticity, Claire helps executive teams move away from default stress responses and toward an internal "operating system" that models calm and inspires confidence across the entire workforce.To transition from "firefighting" to intentional authority, leaders must embrace "the power of the pause." Claire advocates for a simple yet transformative neuroscience-backed technique: taking a purposeful one-to-two-second pause followed by deep breathing when pressure mounts. This physical intervention signals the nervous system to shift brain activity back to executive functions, improving clarity and preventing the cultural fallout that occurs when a leader reacts poorly. This practice isn't just about personal composure; it is a strategic leadership tool that influences the collective emotional state of the room, realigning the team toward actionable next steps rather than dwelling on the weight of the stakes.Building a truly pressure-proof organization requires moving beyond traditional social icebreakers and into strategic team development. Claire utilizes hands-on tools like Lego Serious Play to help executive teams co-create protocols and commitments tailored to their unique organizational challenges. This process of co-creation ensures buy-in and alignment, turning resilience from an abstract concept into a repeatable habit. By investing in leadership systems that prioritize mental fitness and functional team building, organizations can avoid the invisible financial losses associated with executive hesitation and poor decision-making, ultimately creating a culture of trust that can weather any storm.About Claire HayekClaire Hayek is the Founder of Mind Soul Purpose (MSP) Team Building and a recognized expert in neuro-leadership. With a background in engineering and a deep fascination with the neuroscience of performance, Claire helps high-level executives and their teams develop the mental fitness required to lead through rapid change. She is the host of The Neuro Leadership Edge podcast and is dedicated to transforming corporate cultures through hands-on, strategic development programs.About MSP Team BuildingMSP Team Building is a leadership development firm that specializes in building resilient, functional teams for global organizations. Moving beyond superficial social events, the company uses science-backed methodologies to help executive teams design customized leadership operating systems. Through workshops, assessments, and ongoing coaching, MSP Team Building delivers a measurable ROI by improving decision-making, retention, and organizational innovation in high-pressure environments.Links Mentioned in This EpisodeMSP Team Building Official Website: mspteambuilding.caClaire Hayek on LinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/clairehayek/Key Episode HighlightsMental Health vs. Mental Fitness: Understanding why training your brain for performance is just as critical as maintaining your well-being.The Amygdala Hijack: How stress overrides rational decision-making and the neuroscience-backed ways to reclaim your prefrontal cortex.The Power of the Pause: A simple 1-2 second method to calm the nervous system and restore executive function during a crisis.Strategic Team Building: Moving beyond icebreakers to co-create leadership protocols that build real functional trust.The Cost of Hesitation: Identifying the invisible losses that occur when a leader freezes under pressure.ConclusionThe conversation with Claire Hayek highlights that leadership excellence is a byproduct of self-management under stress. By understanding the neuroscience of the brain and implementing intentional "mental fitness" practices, leaders can replace reactive chaos with calm authority, fostering a resilient team culture capable of navigating any business challenge.More from The Thoughtful Entrepreneur

Catherine Gu has always been at the center of the shift toward the decentralization of money, a transformation that was once theoretical but is now actively reshaping global financial markets through stablecoins and on-chain infrastructure.Inspired in part by Hayek's vision of competing private forms of money, Catherine's work sits at the intersection of that idea and its real-world implementation. As Head of Product for Digital Assets at the Solana Foundation, she is helping build what is increasingly viewed as the internet capital market, where speed, scale, and global access redefine how value moves. Before joining Solana, she was one of the earliest members of Visa's crypto team, where she spent years bridging traditional finance and blockchain and leading the development of tokenized asset infrastructure designed for financial institutions.In this conversation, Ari and Catherine trace that journey and explore what it means for the future of financial markets. We discuss why Solana has emerged as a critical platform for stablecoin activity, what it means to embed compliance and trust into infrastructure from the outset, and how performance, liquidity, and developer resilience are shaping the next phase of institutional adoption.This is no longer a debate about whether money will evolve. It is a conversation about how that evolution is being built in real time.

Sometimes, even intellectual heavyweights like Jonah Goldberg can't make out what's going on on the other side of the aisle. Finding himself in need of an interpreter, Jonah turns to Atlantic columnist Tyler Austin Harper for a liberal-inflected look at Hasan Piker, the uses of Marxism, name-checking, human nature, the increasing appeal of the Butlerian Jihad, evolution, taboos, the failures of centrism, limits, and much, much more. Show Notes:—Last Remnant with Tyler Austin Harper—Time to Say Goodbye Pod—Jonah's Los Angeles Times column—Hayek's Bastards: Race, Gold, IQ, and the Capitalism of the Far Right—The United States of Paranoia: A Conspiracy Theory—Jonah's underrated second book—The Rest Is History—Britain in the 70s The Remnant is a production of ⁠The Dispatch⁠, a digital media company covering politics, policy, and culture from a non-partisan, conservative perspective. To access all of The Dispatch's offerings—including access to all of Jonah's G-File newsletters—⁠click here⁠. If you'd like to remove all ads from your podcast experience, consider becoming a premium Dispatch member ⁠by clicking here⁠. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Dom, ILL, and Q pull up on Desperado (1995) — Robert Rodriguez's stylish, gun-blazing sequel in the Mexico Trilogy.Starring Antonio Banderas as the legendary El Mariachi and Salma Hayek in her breakout role, this film delivers nonstop action, wild shootouts, and that signature Rodriguez flair.The crew breaks down:The over-the-top action and shootout scenesEl Mariachi as an action heroSalma Hayek's standout performanceThat slick 90s style and energyDoes Desperado still hit like a classic, or is it all style over substance? Tap in and see where the crew lands00:00:00 Non Desperado related00:26:59 Desperado review 01:02:11 Wrap up notes01:10:48 Next week Films

Everyone has an opinion about Elon Musk, who has carved out a uniquely powerful place for himself in the worlds of auto-making, space launch, social media  and even government. But beyond Musk the individual, what do his corporate maneuvers and embrace of authoritarian, anti-humanitarian and white supremacist ideologies tell us about the direction of our society? As Musk's high-stakes lawsuit against Open AI's Sam Altman begins in Oakland this week, we  talk to Ben Tarnoff and Quinn Slobodian about their new book, “Muskism: A Guide for the Perplexed.” Guests: Quinn Slobodian, professor of international history, Boston University; author, "Globalists," "Crack-Up Capitalism," "Hayek's Bastards." Ben Tarnoff, co-author, "Muskism: A Guide for the Perplexed;" author, "Internet for the People: The Fight for Our Digital Future" Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Dr. Mark Thornton, Senior Fellow at the Mises Institute and Austrian economist, returns to the show to deliver a sweeping macro warning rooted in Austrian business cycle theory. After 16 years of Fed-fueled boom, he argues we are somewhere in the middle of a cycle that ends in crisis. He unpacks the Cantillon Effect and its direct link to the K-shaped economy, explains why gold is both a canary in the coal mine and a personal financial fire extinguisher, and makes the case that the petrodollar is unraveling in real time — pushing us further down what he calls "the highway to hyperinflation." Despite the dark outlook, Dr. Thornton closes with genuine optimism: Austrian economics is experiencing a rebirth, and the bottom-up solutions it champions are resonating louder than ever.LinksX: https://x.com/DrMarkThorntonFree Hayek book: https://store.mises.org/Hayek-for-the-21st-Century-P11367.aspxMises Institute: https://mises.org/profile/mark-thorntonTimestamps: 0:00 Intro and welcome Dr. Mark Thornton 1:24 – 16 years of boom: What the Fed has really been doing 3:45 – The K-shaped economy and who's actually winning 6:32 – Where are we in the cycle? Signposts that worry him most 8:17 – Private equity, private credit & "sequestered capital" 10:20 – How Dr. Thornton discovered Austrian economics 7:57 – The Cantillon Effect explained: Who gets new money first 20:48 – The Skyscraper Index: Record buildings predict crises 23:25 – Bubbles, billionaires & trillion-dollar fortunes 25:23 – Federal Reserve outlook: Rate cuts off the table? 27:15 – Kevin Warsh, the Fed's "real mandate" & what they won't admit29:40 – Gold, silver & oil: What precious metals are telling us now 31:30 – Gold as a "canary in the coal mine" AND a "fire extinguisher" 37:02 – Are gold and silver going much higher from here? 38:24 – Why record stock markets are actually dangerous 40:45 – The highway to hyperinflation: Has anything changed? 44:46 – The end of the petrodollar and US reserve currency status 47:16 – BRICS, crypto & the unraveling of dollar dominance 49:39 – The Middle East war's hidden impact on food, fertilizer & global supply chains 53:46 – Where to find the Mises Institute & parting thoughts

Mises described the problem, Hayek proposed the direction, Kirzner explains why the market will not stop. And the market, as so many times before, has already found the first step.Original article: https://mises.org/mises-wire/ex-nihilo-no-more

Abdullah Hayek returns to give us an in-depth analysis of the Iran war. He breaks down the positions and goals of the three major players, the Lebanon side of the conflict, how the  conflict is affecting neighboring Arab states and the rest of the world, and how this conflict is likely to affect and change the Middle East in the months and years to come.   Side note: This episode was recorded on Monday, April 6th, before the ceasefire began.   Follow Abdullah's work on X: https://x.com/ahayek99?s=21&t=S8JoQpY3m4n6bFrTo8tLrg 00:00:00 Intro and where the war stands now 00:04:45 Why Iran wants to drag other nations in 00:09:30 How Gulf populations are reacting 00:12:45 The Strait of Hormuz strategy 00:18:30 Europe's angle and Ukraine leverage 00:23:30 What is America actually trying to do? 00:35:30 Why Israel expanded into Lebanon 00:42:15 Is there any path to peace? 00:48:15 Could Gulf states escalate the conflict? 00:55:00 Could Iranians rise up against the regime? 00:57:15 What liberty in the Middle East would really require Watch All Episodes: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLi78svKlBr_8o0dDOX8DxO_Wwxu6WYhhA Watch Host Favorites: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLi78svKlBr__Zu40RL7mWxCuOOe54zgy2

Abdullah Hayek returns to give us an in-depth analysis of the Iran war. He breaks down the positions and goals of the three major players, the Lebanon side of the conflict, how the  conflict is affecting neighboring Arab states and the rest of the world, and how this conflict is likely to affect and change the Middle East in the months and years to come.   Side note: This episode was recorded on Monday, April 6th, before the ceasefire began.   Follow Abdullah's work on X: https://x.com/ahayek99?s=21&t=S8JoQpY3m4n6bFrTo8tLrg 00:00:00 Intro and where the war stands now 00:04:45 Why Iran wants to drag other nations in 00:09:30 How Gulf populations are reacting 00:12:45 The Strait of Hormuz strategy 00:18:30 Europe's angle and Ukraine leverage 00:23:30 What is America actually trying to do? 00:35:30 Why Israel expanded into Lebanon 00:42:15 Is there any path to peace? 00:48:15 Could Gulf states escalate the conflict? 00:55:00 Could Iranians rise up against the regime? 00:57:15 What liberty in the Middle East would really require Watch All Episodes: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLi78svKlBr_8o0dDOX8DxO_Wwxu6WYhhA Watch Host Favorites: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLi78svKlBr__Zu40RL7mWxCuOOe54zgy2

Cody Cook welcomes Eamonn Butler, British economist and co-founder/director of the Adam Smith Institute, for a timely discussion marking the 250th anniversary of Adam Smith's seminal work, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (published March 9, 1776). Butler, author of primers on Hayek, Friedman, and Mises, shares insights from his work studying and promoting the ideas of Adam Smith.The conversation explores Smith's enduring legacy as the father of modern economics, rooted in the Scottish Enlightenment. Butler explains how The Theory of Moral Sentiments (Smith's earlier work on virtue, sympathy, empathy, and justice) underpins The Wealth of Nations, showing that self-interest in markets—when guided by moral foundations like trust and honesty—produces social harmony via the famous "invisible hand." Rather than benevolence alone, we get our bread from the baker's self-interest, yet this serves society beneficially.Smith's revolutionary ideas shine through: the division of labor (illustrated by his pin factory example boosting productivity dramatically), national wealth as productive capacity (not hoarded gold), the benefits of free trade, opposition to tariffs, monopolies, and mercantilism (which he saw as cronyism enriching the few at others' expense), and limited government to prevent corruption and rent-seeking.Butler also addresses common misconceptions: early capitalism Smith opposed slavery not just morally but economically, arguing it stifles incentives and efficiency. He contrasts this with critics like Thomas Carlyle, who dubbed economics the "dismal science" in defense of hierarchy and authoritarianism. The episode tackles modern critiques from both left and "new right," defending self-interest (prudent and long-term) against charges of short-sighted selfishness, and refuting claims that markets idolize materialism or erode meaning—pointing to how prosperity enables philanthropy, education, leisure, and cultural flourishing.Smith's framework rejects the "man of system" (central planners treating people like chess pieces), favoring emergent order from individual actions under justice. Butler highlights real-world successes: globalization and market liberalization since the 1990s have nearly eradicated extreme poverty for billions, far outperforming decades of socialism.The discussion ties Smith's ideas to Christian liberty, noting his deistic leanings, regular churchgoing, and emphasis on virtue. It compares the 1776 publications: The Wealth of Nations (providing a blueprint for prosperity and freedom) vs. the Declaration of Independence (asserting independence), with Butler arguing Smith's work has greater long-term impact on liberty.This episode offers a refreshing, faith-informed defense of free markets, countering cronyism and statism while celebrating Smith's vision of human flourishing through competition, trust, and voluntary exchange. Perfect for libertarians, Christians, and anyone interested in economics' moral foundations—especially timely in 2026.Links:The Adam Smith InstituteThe Wealth of NationsThe Theory of Moral SentimentsAudio Production by Podsworth Media - https://podsworth.com Use code LCI50 for 50% off your first order at Podsworth.com to clean up your voice recordings and also support LCI!Full Podsworth Ad Read BEFORE & AFTER processing:https://youtu.be/vbsOEODpQGs  ★ Support this podcast ★

Yousaf Nishat-Botero on the Ecologies of Planning and Metabolic Municipalism. Shownotes Yousaf Nishat-Botero Dr. Yousaf Nishat-Botero at the University of Birmingham:  https://research.birmingham.ac.uk/en/persons/yousaf-nishat-botero/ Nishat-Botero, Y. (2023). Planning's ecologies: Democratic planning in the age of planetary crises. Organization. Special Issue: Public Value, 1-23. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/13505084231186749 Nishat-Botero, Y. & Thompson, M. (2025). Planning in Nature's Metropolis: Metabolic Municipalism and Ecological Planning in Barcelona. Environment and Planning D. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/02637758251364061 Nishat-Botero, Y. & Thompson, M. The land question and postcapitalist countrysides: towards a town-country synthesis. In Postcapitalist Countrysides (N. Gallent, M.Gkartzios, M. Scott, A. Purves (Eds.). UCL Press. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/379514594_The_land_question_and_postcapitalist_countrysides_towards_a_town-country_synthesis on ‘metabolism' in Liebig and Marx: Clark, B. & Foster, J. B. (2018). The Robbery of Nature: Capitalism and the Metabolic Rift. Monthly Review 70(3). https://monthlyreview.org/articles/the-robbery-of-nature/ Marx, K. ([1867] 2004). Capital: Volume I. Penguin U https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/35192/capital-by-karl-marx-intro-ernest-mandel-trans-ben-fowkes/9780140445688 Sorg, C. (2023). Failing to Plan is Planning to Fail: Toward an Expanded Notion of Democratically Planned Postcapitalism. Critical Sociology 49(3), 475-493. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/08969205221081058 Salleh, A. (2010). From Metabolic Rift to “Metabolic Value”: Reflections on Environmental Sociology and the Alternative Globalization Movement. Organization & Environment 23(2), 205-219. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27068655 on ‘capitalism as socioecological totality': Fraser, N. (2022). Cannibal Capitalism: How our System is Devouring Democracy, Care, and the Planet – and what we can do about it. Verso. https://www.versobooks.com/products/2685-cannibal-capitalism Moore, J. (2015). Capitalism in the Web of Life: Ecology and the Accumulation of Capital. Verso. https://www.versobooks.com/products/74-capitalism-in-the-web-of-life Planning for Entropy. (2022). Democratic Economic Planning, Social Metabolism and the Environment. Science and Society Journal. Vol 82, Nr 2. New York: Guilford Publications https://guilfordjournals.com/doi/10.1521/siso.2022.86.2.291 Latour, B. & Weibel, P. (2020). Critical Zones. The Science and Politics of Landing on Earth. MIT Press. https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262044455/critical-zones/ on the Oskar-Lange-Model: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lange_model Barca, S. (2021) Forces of Reproduction: Notes for a Counter-hegemonic Anthropocene. Elements in Environmental Humanities. Cambridge University Press. https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/forces-of-reproduction/BE9B0DBDC89593F3284FE3F51D3B0418 on Donna Harraway's ‘response-ability': Harraway, D. (2016). Staying with the Trouble. Making Kin in the Chthulucene. Duke University Press. https://www.dukeupress.edu/staying-with-the-trouble Braudel, F. (1979 [1992]). Civilization and Capitalism, 15th-18th Century, Vol I-III. University of California Press. https://www.ucpress.edu/books/civilization-and-capitalism-15th-18th-century-vol-i/paper Nunes, R. (2021). Neither Vertical nor Horizontal: A Theory of Political Organization. Verso. https://www.versobooks.com/products/772-neither-vertical-nor-horizontal?srsltid=AfmBOoqNKlXZJs9HrqEBU4BlAF7hbaxEzAOWD1oQCV6M_Kwtg5n9xOcO on Otto Neurath's political economy: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/neurath/political-economy.html on the quote by Otto Neurath: Otto Neurath in O'Neill, J. (2003) ‘Socialism, Associations and the Market', Economy and Society 32(2): 184–206 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249006144_Socialism_associations_and_the_market on Friedrich Hayek's argument against centralized planning: Hayek, F. A. (1945). The Use of Knowledge in Society. The American Economic Review 35(4), 519-530. https://www.econlib.org/library/Essays/hykKnw.html https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/history/hayek-opposes-centralized-economic-planning Morozov, E. (2019). Digital Socialism? New Left Review 116/117. https://newleftreview.org/issues/ii116/articles/evgeny-morozov-digital-socialism Rochowicz, N. (2025). Planning progress: Incorporating innovation and structural change into models of economic planning. Competition & Change, 29(1), 64-82. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/10245294231220690? Jameson, F. (1991). Postmodernism, or The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism. Duke University Press. https://web.education.wisc.edu/halverson/wp-content/uploads/sites/33/2012/12/jameson.pdf Toscano, A. & Kinkle, J. (2015). Cartographies of the Absolute. Zero Books. https://www.collectiveinkbooks.com/zer0-books/our-books/cartographies-of-the-absolute Anderson, P. (1961). Sweden: Mr. Crosland's Dreamland. New Left Review 1/7. https://newleftreview.org/issues/i7/articles/perry-anderson-sweden-mr-crosland-s-dreamland-part-1 Mandel, E. (1986). In Defence of Socialist Planning. New Left Review 1/159. https://newleftreview.org/issues/i159/articles/ernest-mandel-in-defence-of-socialist-planning Thompson, M., & Nishat-Botero, Y. (2025). Postcapitalist Planning and Urban Revolution. Competition & Change, 29(1), 101-120. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/10245294231210980 Durand, C., Hofferberth, E. & Schmelzer, M. (2023). Planning beyond growth. The case for economic democracy within limits. Political Economy Working Papers. University of Geneva.  https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:166429 on Barcelona En Comú: https://barcelonaencomu.cat/ on Grupo AGBAR and the anti-privatisation movement:   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupo_Agbar https://ejatlas.org/conflict/remunicipalisation-and-anti-privatization-movement-in-barcelona1 on the Socialist party of Catalonia:  https://www.socialistes.cat/ on the airport expansion in Barcelona: https://ejatlas.org/conflict/prat-airport-expansion-catalonia-spain on the paper by Union Populaire:  https://programme.lafranceinsoumise.fr/livrets/planification-ecologique/ on the quote from Mike Davis: Davis, M. (1990). City of Quartz. Excavating the Future in Los Angeles. Verso.  https://www.versobooks.com/products/1320-city-of-quartz?srsltid=AfmBOor1VtvQMJu_87qS8EDz0EcwP9KABUrajgH5LX2pdFNXWVC5Su6B Future Histories Folgen S03E59 | Cédric Durand on Ecological Planning  https://www.futurehistories.today/episoden-blog/s03/e59-cedric-durand-on-ecological-planning/ S03E50 Aaron Benanav - Beyond Capitalism II https://www.futurehistories.today/episoden-blog/s03/e51-aaron-benanav-beyond-capitalism-ii/ S03E49 Aaron Benanav - Beyond Capitalism I https://www.futurehistories.today/episoden-blog/s03/e50-aaron-benanav-beyond-capitalism-i/ S03E21 | Christoph Sorg zu Finanzwirtschaft als Planung https://www.futurehistories.today/episoden-blog/s03/e21-christoph-sorg-zu-finanzwirtschaft-als-planung/ S03E03 | Planning for Entropy on Sociometabolic Planning https://www.futurehistories.today/episoden-blog/s03/e03-planning-for-entropy-on-sociometabolic-planning/ S02E44 | Evgeny Morozov on Discovery Beyond Competition  https://www.futurehistories.today/episoden-blog/s02/e44-evgeny-morozov-on-discovery-beyond-competition/ — If you are interested in democratic economic planning, these resources might be of help: Democratic planning – an information website: https://www.democratic-planning.com/ Sorg, C. & Groos, J. (eds.)(2025). Rethinking Economic Planning. Competition & Change Special Issue Volume 29 Issue 1. https://journals.sagepub.com/toc/ccha/29/1 Groos, J. & Sorg, C. (2025). Creative Construction - Democratic Planning in the 21st Century and Beyond. Bristol University Press. [for a review copy, please contact: amber.lanfranchi[at]bristol.ac.uk] https://bristoluniversitypress.co.uk/creative-construction International Network for Democratic Economic Planning https://www.indep.network/ Democratic Planning Research Platform: https://www.planningresearch.net/ — Future Histories Contact & Support If you like Future Histories, please consider supporting us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/join/FutureHistories Contact: office@futurehistories.today Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/futurehpodcast/ Mastodon: https://mstdn.social/@FutureHistories English webpage: https://futurehistories-international.com   Episode Keywords #YousafNishat-Botero, #JanGroos, #Interview, #UniversityofBirmingham, #FutureHistoriesInternational, #FutureHistories, #DemocraticPlanning, #Planning, #EconomicPlanning, #Ecology, #Socialization, #Organization, #Capitalism, #Socialism, #Municipalism, #Metabolism, #PlanetaryCrisis, #Nature, #Barcelona  

Bob untangles two arguments that even Austrian economists sometimes conflate: Mises' calculation problem and Hayek's knowledge problem. Then, he explains why the distinction matters, especially in light of recent claims that AI and modern computing could finally make central planning viable.Related:Bob's Article, "Socialism: The Calculation Problem Is Not the Knowledge Problem": Mises.org/HAP543aThe Mises Institute is giving away 100,000 copies of Hayek for the 21st Century. Get your free copy at Mises.org/HAPodFree

Bob untangles two arguments that even Austrian economists sometimes conflate: Mises' calculation problem and Hayek's knowledge problem. Then, he explains why the distinction matters, especially in light of recent claims that AI and modern computing could finally make central planning viable.Related:Bob's Article, "Socialism: The Calculation Problem Is Not the Knowledge Problem": Mises.org/HAP543aThe Mises Institute is giving away 100,000 copies of Hayek for the 21st Century. Get your free copy at Mises.org/HAPodFree

Hayek and Mises warned that centrally planned economies fail, and that intervention breeds inflation, instability, and boom-bust cycles. Yet socialism is trendy again, and politicians still think they can “manage” the economy. Ryan McMaken joins John Stossel to explain why Hayek and Mises matter now.

In memory of Roger Garrison, Bob walks through Garrison's famous capital-based macroeconomics diagrams, showing how they translate the Mises-Hayek theory of the boom-bust cycle into the language of modern macroeconomics.Related:Roger Garrison, The Austrian Theory of the Business Cycle: Mises.org/HAP542aRoger Garrison, Austrian Macroeconomics: A Diagrammatical Exposition: Mises.org/HAP542bThe Diagrams Referenced in the Podcast: Mises.org/HAP542cDr. Garrison's PowerPoints: Mises.org/HAP542dThe Mises Institute is giving away 100,000 copies of Hayek for the 21st Century. Get your free copy at Mises.org/HAPodFree

In memory of Roger Garrison, Bob walks through Garrison's famous capital-based macroeconomics diagrams, showing how they translate the Mises-Hayek theory of the boom-bust cycle into the language of modern macroeconomics.Related:Roger Garrison, The Austrian Theory of the Business Cycle: Mises.org/HAP542aRoger Garrison, Austrian Macroeconomics: A Diagrammatical Exposition: Mises.org/HAP542bThe Diagrams Referenced in the Podcast: Mises.org/HAP542cDr. Garrison's PowerPoints: Mises.org/HAP542dThe Mises Institute is giving away 100,000 copies of Hayek for the 21st Century. Get your free copy at Mises.org/HAPodFree

Der grösste Uhren-Konzern der Schweiz, die Swatch-Gruppe, hat einen Gewinneinbruch erlitten. Warum gibt sich der Chef trotzdem optimistisch? Was steckt hinter der Kritik an der Nationalbank? Und, wie reagiert er als Industrieller auf die aktuellen Kriege? Kritische Fragen an Swatch-Chef, Nick Hayek. Der Reingewinn der Swatch-Gruppe ist im letzten Jahr um fast 90 Prozent zurück gegangen, nach einem bereits schlechten Jahr 2024. Wie schon vor einem Jahr gibt sich der Chef der Swatch-Gruppe, Nick Hayek trotzdem optimistisch fürs laufende Jahr. Woher schöpft er seine Zuversicht? Alles andere als zufrieden ist Nick Hayek gleichzeitig mit der Schweizerischen Nationalbank. Diese unternehme viel zu wenig gegen den starken Franken, der die Exportindustrie stark belaste, meint er. Macht es sich der Swatch-Chef nicht ein bisschen zu einfach? Wie erklärt er sich, dass andere Industriebetriebe die Situation aktuell eher gelassen nehmen? Trotz sinkenden Margen und schlechter Auslastung der Produktionsstätten, will die Swatch-Gruppe keine Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter entlassen. Wie lange noch? Und, was sagt der Chef zur Kritik von Beobachterinnen und Beobachtern, dass die Swatch-Gruppe ihr Potential nicht ausschöpfe und er sein Unternehmen wie ein Monarch führe? Welche Zukunft hat die Schweizer Uhrenindustrie und wo? Nick Hayek hat in den letzten Monaten nicht gespart mit Kritik am Verhalten der Schweizer Position gegenüber der US-Zollpolitik. Aber wären Gegenzölle auf Gold zum Beispiel tatsächlich zielführend im Verhältnis zu den USA? Wie hat's der scharfe Kritiker eines Rahmenabkommens angesichts der unsichereren Weltlage heute mit der EU? Und, wie blickt er auf den Krieg im Nahen Osten, wo Schweizer Uhren insbesondere in den reichen Golfstaaten bisher zahlreiche Kunden gefunden haben? Nick Hayek, der Chef der Swatch-Gruppe, nimmt Stellung in der Samstagsrundschau bei Klaus Ammann. Ergänzend zum Tagesgespräch finden Sie jeden Samstag in unserem Kanal die aktuelle Samstagsrundschau.

Esta semana, en Economía Para Quedarte Sin Amigos, analizamos el pensamiento de uno de los autores más interesantes del siglo XX. La figura de Murray Rothbard, cuyo centenario se celebra este año, emerge como un pilar fundamental para comprender la evolución de la Escuela Austríaca de economía y el nacimiento del anarcocapitalismo. Aunque figuras como Hayek o Mises gozan de mayor reconocimiento académico, Rothbard representó la sistematización más radical de la libertad individual, llevando las premisas del libre mercado hasta sus últimas consecuencias: la eliminación del Estado como institución necesaria. Su legado no solo es teórico, sino que influye directamente en movimientos políticos contemporáneos que cuestionan la legitimidad de la intervención gubernamental en todas sus facetas. El propio Javier Milei dijo que este pensador es su "norte". De todo esto hablaremos, esta semana, en Economía Para Quedarte Sin Amigos, junto a un experto en la obra del economista norteamericano: Óscar Rodríguez Carreiro, profesor de la Universidad de las Hespérides y la Universidad Francisco Marroquín. El pensamiento rothbardiano se articula en torno al principio de no agresión, una premisa ética que establece que la violencia solo es legítima en defensa propia. Bajo este prisma, cualquier acción estatal que implique coacción, desde el cobro de impuestos hasta la regulación de contratos, se percibe como una vulneración de la autopropiedad. Para esta corriente, el ser humano es dueño soberano de su cuerpo y, por extensión, del fruto de su trabajo. En consecuencia, la fiscalidad no se analiza como una herramienta de redistribución, sino como una forma de servidumbre moderna donde el individuo es obligado a entregar una parte sustancial de su esfuerzo a una organización que ostenta el monopolio de la violencia.Música Esta semana, el protagonista de nuestra selección musical es el grupo británico Massive Attack. Y estos son los temas que hemos escuchado: "Teardrop" "Protection" "Karmacoma" "Black milk"

Jesús Huerta de Soto traces the Austrian school's intellectual roots from the Spanish scholastics to Rothbard, making the case that anarcho-capitalism is the natural endpoint of the classical liberal tradition.The Ludwig von Mises Memorial Lecture, sponsored by Yousif Almoayyed.The Austrian Economics Research Conference is the international, interdisciplinary meeting of the Austrian school, bringing together leading scholars doing research in this vibrant and influential intellectual tradition.Full Text version of the Lecture (Submitted by Prof. Huerta de Soto):Thank you very much to the Mises Institute and Joe Salerno for his kind introduction as well as for inviting me to deliver this “Ludwig von Mises Memorial Lecture” to celebrate the one hundredth anniversary of Murray N. Rothbard's birthday. It is the second time I visit the Mises Institute to deliver this most important lecture: The first one was almost thirty years ago, back in April 1997, when I delivered a lecture on “The Scholastic Roots of the Austrian School”. In this second opportunity I am very happy to have been able to accept Joe's invitation and to come with a very well represented retinue of ten of my colleagues and doctoral students. All of them are teaching as professors or making their research at our more than twenty-year-old Doctoral and Master Programs in Austrian Economics at King Juan Carlos University back in Madrid, and which is the only one officially approved and with full validity inside the whole European Union. You have already had the opportunity to hear from each one of them a detailed description of the so-called “Madrid Austrian Research Hub” and of all the activities we are developing every year, including the 54 Doctoral Theses on Austrian Economics that have been read up to now in our program. And here you have also copies of the English version of our main books published by Routledge, Edward Elgar, and by the Macmillan Austrian Series edited by my Madrid Colleagues, the German professor Philipp Bagus and the Canadian professor Dave Howden. And you will have the unique opportunity to buy these books that, as you know, have a hefty price of almost 100 pounds each one, at the almost “stolen property” and symbolic price of 5 dollars per copy, thanks to the most generous help of the Spanish Jesús Huerta de Soto Foundation that is helping to finance our participation in this important event.And now what I will do in the next forty minutes is to try to summarize not only my main contributions, but also “The Libertarian Vision of the Scientific and Moral Truth” as we see it from our Austrian School Hub in Madrid. And I will do it by focusing on a series of fundamental points.Precisely, the youngest of all sciences, Economics is the one that has provided Humanity with the most important scientific contributionThe first one is that Economics, being the last science to arrive, or as Mises said, "the youngest of all sciences," has nevertheless achieved the milestone of providing Humanity with the most important scientific contribution. For the first time, and thanks to Economic Science, human beings have discovered and understood that voluntary social cooperation, free from all institutional and systematic external coercion, generates a spontaneous order that cannot be designed nor organized by anyone, and that peacefully and without limits drives the prosperity and expansion of Humankind.This transcendental message of Economic Science, on the one hand, resolves the impossible antithesis of attempting to apply, within the realm of interactions carried out by human beings endowed with free will, the manipulative approach of external entities that human beings have no choice but to use, supported by technology and the natural sciences, in order to dominate the subject of the material world. And on the other hand, this is a radically revolutionary message: for the first time, it has been scientifically demonstrated that states, in any of their forms, are neither necessary nor viable; that Society, understood as a process of voluntary human interactions, does not need anyone to govern it, because it regulates and organizes itself spontaneously; and that the attempt to coordinate Society on the basis of social engineering and state coercive commands is impossible, doomed to failure, and gives rise to all kinds of distortions, social conflicts and violence, that continually hinder and block human progress.Economic science is generalized into a complete Theory of Liberty that makes it possible to reinterpret History and promote the expansion of civilizationThe second point is that Economics has been generalized into a whole Theory of Liberty, understood as the most essential attribute and requirement of human nature. Liberty means that all human actions are carried out voluntarily, based on the principle of non-aggression, and free of external coercion or violence imposed and organized from above by the always minority group of human beings who, under whatever title, exercise any kind of political power.Moreover, Economics dismantles and turns upside down the erroneous and biased account of Thomas Hobbes and his followers. Neither was the "state of nature" a terrifying situation, nor did a supposed "social contract" ever exist or was it necessary to create and maintain a State that would impose order and guarantee peace. What happened was precisely the opposite: natural evolution consisted, above all, in the spontaneous discovery of the great advantages provided by voluntary exchanges and peaceful trade. Systematic and generalized violence, war, and terror arose only with the appearance of States, as coercive institutions composed of the most antisocial and violent human beings, who wanted (and still want) to live at the expense of plundering those citizens who earn their living by working and trading peacefully with each other (Oppenheimer, 1926).Thus, Economics, demonstrates that what Étienne de La Boétie named "voluntary servitude", is an anti-human aberration to which human beings have been subjected for centuries. And that it is not necessary to continue with the resigned habit of obeying the State; nor do governments enjoy an aura of prestige (but are literally "stripped" of any attribute of intellectual or moral superiority); nor is the caste—or “praetorian guard”—of intellectuals, “experts”, and acolytes that surround states and rulers to be regarded as untouchable; nor should we allow ourselves to be seduced and deceived by subsidies or perks, whether supposed or real, with which they seek to purchase the will and secure the loyalty of exploited human beings, so that they will consent, voluntarily and permanently, to their exploitation and servitude (De la Boétie, 1975).Economics is the Science developed by the Austrian School of Economics, which should in fact be known as the Spanish School, as it has its origins in the thinking of our scholastics of the Spanish Golden AgeThe third point is that Economic Science has reached its highest level of development thanks to the Austrian School of Economics. As you know, our school is based on the realism of its analytical assumptions, in the dynamic approach based on the entrepreneurial, creative, and coordinating capacity of every human being, and in the study of the spontaneous and self-regulated order of the social process of voluntary human interactions (Huerta de Soto, 2008). The institutional and multidisciplinary approach of the Austrian School is also very relevant. As a result of the spontaneous social process important institutions emerge which, in turn, make it possible and drive it forward: Law and property rights rooted in human nature and discovered and developed spontaneously outside the state; the family, a basic and essential institution, on which the expansion of Humanity is made possible and consolidated; moral principles, which act as a true "automatic pilot" for liberty and which human beings internalize and transmit from generation to generation, thanks to the family and other community or religious institutions; economic institutions, and in particular, money, which also evolves spontaneously outside the State, and which can and should be considered the social institution par excellence, since by overcoming the problems of barter, it enables the exponential multiplication of voluntary exchanges and human interactions, within which the rest of the social, linguistic, moral, legal, economic, and religious institutions are discovered, shaped, and perfected.Our fourth point is that the first theorists of the spontaneous order emerged in the field of law, led by the great jurists of classical Rome. They were the first ones to understand the organic and evolutionary nature of the social process, and so they became, without being aware of it, the first economists. Their tradition was kept alive throughout the Middle Ages thanks to the Catholic Church and, through thinkers such as Saint Thomas Aquinas, Saint Antoninus of Florence, and Saint Bernardino of Siena, eventually came to influence the Spanish scholastics of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries gathered around the University of Salamanca. As Rothbard demonstrated (Rothbard, 1976) these thinkers of the Spanish Golden Age should be considered the most immediate precedent of the Austrian School of Economics, which, precisely for this reason, should be called the Spanish School of Economics. And in fact, these Spanish scholastics were already able to articulate the following ten essential principles which constitute the theoretical foundation of the Austrian School:Firstly, the subjective theory of value developed by the Bishop of Segovia, Diego de Covarrubias, who as early as 1555 clearly explained that, although the objective nature of wheat is the same in Spain as in America, its price was higher in America because there human beings subjectively valued it much more highly; from this follows the correct relationship between prices and costs set out by Luis Sarabia de la Calle, in the sense that it is market prices that determine costs and not the other way around, as equilibrium theorists mistakenly believe; the Scholastics also realized that equilibrium models and prices lack realism and theoretical meaning because they presuppose a degree of knowledge “so complex that only God, and in no case human beings, could ever acquire it” (in latin “pretium iustum mathematicum licet soli Deo notum”), as already explained by the Jesuit cardinals Juan de Salas in 1617 and Juan de Lugo in 1643, more than three hundred years earlier than Hayek could conclude that “a science which assumes knowledge that can never be acquired is not a Science”; also the dynamic concept of competition is fundamental, understood as a process of rivalry among sellers based on the dynamic conception of market processes developed by Jerónimo Castillo de Bobadilla and Luis de Molina in 1589 and 1597, and that has nothing to do with the static model of "perfect competition" of equilibrium theorists; and also the important contributions of the Spanish Scholastics related with capital theory, business cycles, and the effects of fiduciary media generated by banks; so, particular emphasis should be placed on the rediscovery of the principle of time preference by Martín de Azpilcueta, following what Lessines had already stated in 1285; as well as on the fact that bankers commit mortal sin when they operate with fractional reserves, creating bank deposits as a form of virtual money (or chirographis pecuniarium, as Luis de Molina said in latin) that only exists in their accounting books and distorts the structure of relative prices, creating bubbles and deep economic crises that ultimately "bring everything crashing down," as Saravia de la Calle and Tomás de Mercado so vividly explained in the 16th Century; and in short, the Scholastic's idea that it is impossible to organize society through coercive commands due to lack of the information that would be required to give them coordinating content; as well as the discovery that inflation is a hidden and very harmful tax that arises from an act of tyranny, since it is neither known nor accepted by citizens, which would even justify the assassination of the King according to the theory of tyrannicide, a contribution originally made by the Castilian Comuneros eventually defeated by the tyrant King Charles V in 1521, and developed by Father Juan de Mariana almost a century later [in 1610].This entire line of proto-Austrian scholastic thought also spread throughout the Americas, especially in the newly founded universities of San Marcos in Lima and Mexico City in 1551 where brilliant disciples of these Scholastics, who had studied at the University of Salamanca itself, came to occupy prominent academic positions. Thus, for example, we should mention the cases of Bartolomé Frías de Albornoz in Mexico, and above all the great Juan de Matienzo, who became judge and president of the Royal Audiencia of Charcas and Lima from 1560 onwards (Popescu, 1997).Finally, the doctrine of our scholastics did spread even to North America two centuries later through the books of Juan de Mariana, who greatly influenced Thomas Jefferson and the founding fathers of the United States.However, the southern part of the continent ultimately proved unable to neutralize the wave of growing statism and centralization that first came with the arrivals of the Habsburgs in Spain, and which was intensified even further after the arrival of the Bourbons with Philip V at the beginning of the eighteenth century (Martínez Marina, 1820). How different and much more prosperous and libertarian might the historical evolution of Spain and Latin America have been, had the statist centralism of the Habsburgs and the Bourbons not prevailed, and had the far more libertarian, local, and decentralized traditional representative institutions of the kingdoms of Castile instead remained predominant—institutions that were dismantled, together with Europe's first libertarian revolution, beginning with the defeat of the Castilian Comuneros at Villalar on April 23, 1521 (Leonard Liggio, 2025).The most important and far-reaching contributions of economic scienceLet us now turn, in greater detail, to the most important contributions of Economics, as developed by the Austrian School.First, human cooperation takes place spontaneously, without the need for anyone to organize it coercively from outside. This is so because human beings are endowed with an entrepreneurial and creative capacity that continually drives them to discover the multiple opportunities for profit that arise in their environment. Each of these opportunities embodies a previous discoordination in human behavior that remains latent until it is discovered and overcome by the corresponding entrepreneurial act. This entrepreneurial act always arises from a creative tension and interpretation of events of the outside world that is essentially subjective and, therefore, cannot be reproduced by any artificial intelligence algorithm; in other words, the same objective events can be interpreted in multiple ways, even contradictory ones, without it being possible to postulate which is correct until the corresponding entrepreneurial process is completed in the form of a subjective profit. In any case, every entrepreneurial act involves, firstly, the creation of information that did not exist before (regarding the profit opportunity that arose from the previous discoordination that had gone unnoticed); secondly, the transmission of that knowledge (directly to the parties involved in the entrepreneurial act and indirectly through a series of institutions and signals such as market prices); and third and finally, the coordination of the previous maladjustments takes place when the parties involved learn motu proprio, that is, voluntarily and for their own benefit, to discipline their behavior according to the needs of others (for example, when they discover that they achieve their ends more effectively by specializing and trading peacefully the mutual results of their efforts). The discovery of the essence of this pure entrepreneurial act, with its elements of creation and transmission of information and the spontaneous coordination of the previous maladjustments continually generated by human coexistence, constitutes the most important contribution that Economic Science has provided to Humanity, and explains why the spontaneous process of voluntary social cooperation that drives the multiplication of human beings and the expansion of civilization does not require any statist system of institutional coercion.Another essential contribution of Economics is the concept of Dynamic Efficiency, understood as the process of unlimited expansion of human creativity and entrepreneurial coordination that arises only within a specific institutional framework of moral and legal norms. This framework is the one grounded on the ethical principle according to which every human being has a natural right to appropriate the results of his entrepreneurial creativity; that is, a property right over what one has created and which did not previously exist, which is the most obvious and important human right. For this reason, (dynamic) Efficiency and Morality and Justice (properly understood) cannot be separated one from the other; or, as we might say, they are two sides of the same coin in the sense that only Justice and Morality induce and generate efficiency; and at the same time, what is dynamically efficient in economic terms cannot be neither unjust nor immoral. All of which, on the other hand, demonstrates the integrated order that exists in the social universe, and highlights the three levels of research (theoretical, ethical, and historical) that complement and reinforce with each other and are essential in our search for truth (Huerta de Soto, 2000).Finally, another key contribution of Economic Science is to have demonstrated the impossibility of socialism, or better, the impossibility of statism, in the sense that it is impossible for the State to achieve and coordinate what it promises for the following four reasons:First, because of the enormous volume of information required for such coordination, which the State cannot acquire because it is dispersed in the minds of the eight billion human beings who participate and interact in the social process every day. Second, given the tacit and inarticulate character of this information (and therefore its inability to be transmitted in an objective manner). Third, because the information that is generated is not "given," nor is it static, but instead changes continuously as a result of human creativity, making it impossible to transmit today information that will only be created tomorrow, and which is precisely the information that the organs of State intervention and the so-called “experts” would need today in order to direct society to achieve their objectives tomorrow. And fourth, and above all, because the coercive nature of State commands blocks the entrepreneurial activity of creating the very information which the State organization itself would need in order to give its commands a coordinating content. In sum, the State is always and everywhere violence and coercion; coercion blocks the entrepreneurial act of creation, discovery, and adjustment of discoordinated human behavior, while at the same time preventing the creation of the information and the emergence of free market prices that make economic calculation and social coordination possible. For this reason, statism is not only unnecessary but is also scientifically impossible.The impact of these essential contributions of Economics on the course of social evolution has so far been very limitedAll of these scientific contributions have so far achieved only a very partial, imperfect, and limited impact on the inertia of a social and political reality that has for centuries been characterized by the coercive power of States and rulers, and by the more or less resigned servitude of the citizens. And despite the very limited nature of this impact to date, which at best has materialized in a series of naïve and "liberal" revolutions aimed, with as much arrogance as lack of success, toward the impossible objective of trying to separate and limit the powers of states and rulers through political constitutions and "liberal democracies" (Rothbard, 2009); Humanity has been propelled as never before in those places and historical moments where it has managed, despite everything, to at least partially free itself from the State and open up some of the new channels of liberty shown by the teachings of Economics. Beginning with the Industrial Revolution, which was but the first chapter of the never-completed "Revolution of Liberty" inspired by Economics. And although what has been achieved in terms of prosperity and standard of living by the now eight billion human beings seems relatively significant—and indeed it is—we cannot even conceive of the standard of living and population size that could be achieved if Humanity were able to take full advantage of and fully implement the teachings of Economic Science.We can be few and poor in a context of servitude and submission to the State, or many and wealthy in a context of liberty (Hayek, 1988, p. 133). The globe is practically empty of human beings (the Earth's current population would fit into an area equivalent to that of the state of Alaska, with a population density equal to that of Brussels). And we cannot even imagine the prosperity that could be achieved in a free market daily driven by eighty billion, or even eight hundred billion, human beings. Economics explains and demonstrates that the increasing prosperity of an ever-growing population of human beings never results from deliberate and coercive State plans, nor from the egalitarian income redistribution, nor from increases in public spending, nor from subsidies, debt, or inflation, but only arises from the free market of the capitalist system. This consists of the process of voluntary exchanges among all human beings who, endowed with an innate entrepreneurial and creative capacity, are able to detect and assess, through the system of free prices, the relative urgency and necessity of each good and service, overcoming the relative scarcity of each and satisfying, every day and in the best humanly possible way, the desires and needs of billions of consumers. Entrepreneurs who succeed in this never-ending process of profit-seeking accumulate significant resources, which, in turn, are saved and invested in capital goods and new technologies that make human beings increasingly productive, boosting their wages and standards of living; a virtuous process of continuously expanding prosperity and population growth that, if not coerced or hindered by the State, has no limits.Therefore, it is crucially important for the future of Humanity that it be able to take full and maximum advantage of the lessons and essential message in pursuit of human liberty that Economics provides. But this will only be possible if we are able to unmask and carefully analyze the powerful forces of the pseudoscientific and counterrevolutionary reaction that has been mobilized to prevent the advance of the theory of liberty derived from Economic Science. Despite their diverse origins, they all converge on the same objective: to attempt to justify and preserve State coercion at all costs under the appearance of scientific legitimacy. They are driven by the "fatal conceit" (Hayek, 1988) of many visionaries, thinkers, and supposed "experts" who believe themselves to be clever enough to correct the spontaneous market order, of course, using the violence and coercive power of the State. Together with a privileged caste of rulers, bureaucrats and acolytes, they continually manipulate a Humanity that is sadly accustomed to serving the State. For all of them, it is vital that statism be maintained and that the message of liberty provided by Economics never prevail.Next, we will list the main reactionary pseudoscientific currents that have infiltrated Economic Science like a lethal virus and constitute, in Hayek's terminology, "the counter-revolution of science" (Hayek, 1955).Pseudoscientific reactionary currents opposed to Economic Science. The role played as “useful innocents” by many libertarian economists of the counterrevolutionary mainstreamFirst, positivism and scientism as pseudoscience. By "scientism" we must understand the improper application of the methods of the natural sciences to the field of Economic Science. Thus, while the natural sciences study their object of research as something external, measurable, and quantifiable, Economics studies the implications of the voluntary actions of human beings. And given the essentially creative nature of human beings, the supposed empirical "evidence" has, at best, only a superficial, partial, and always historically contingent value. In Bastiat's words, of "what is seen" —or rather, what is believed to have been seen— but not "what is not seen" (Bastiat, 1995); and at worst, it always entails the assumption, that human beings are an object of research that can be manipulated as the matter of the external world studied by the natural sciences. This inevitably introduces the idea that to improve the world, the State and its rulers must use their coercive power to manipulate and change the things they believe they see in their historically contingent "empirical photos." But these "empirical photos" cannot capture the underlying dynamic essence of spontaneous social processes, let alone what is already happening spontaneously to solve and coordinate every problem. Therefore, it is not surprising that from the very first steps of Economic Science promoted by the Austrian School, its most violent opponents were the "socialists of the chair" gathered around the German Historical School, reinforced in France by the empiricists of the school of Saint-Simon, the insane Comte, and Durkheim, who sought to create a new and alternative pseudoscience of society. And their unhealthy positivist and ultra-empirical influence has persisted to the present day, first through American Institutionalism and later through the massive compilation of empirical data, for example, in the work of Wesley C. Mitchell or Henry Schultz, the latter, as shown by Professor Salerno, having gone on to exert a decisive influence on his assistant Milton Friedman and, through him, even on the Chicago School itself (Salerno, 2023).Secondly, the pseudoscience of neoclassical economics is characterized by its claim that only its own approach constitutes true “science,” that is, the approach based on the principles of equilibrium, maximization, and constancy. Moreover, in addition to the lack of realism of its assumptions, it adds the reductionism of a mathematical language that has developed in response to the needs and demands of the natural sciences, but which is alien to Economic Science because it does not allow for the subjective concept of time or entrepreneurial creativity. Neoclassical economists develop their pseudoscience based not on real human beings of flesh and blood, but on "ideal types" that are like "robotic penguins" who, even in their most sophisticated dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models are limited to moving and reacting to events and State coercion as if they were characters of a sort of economic video game ("videogame economics"). Yet neoclassical pseudoscience, despite its apparent and ever-increasing sophistication, is not capable of accounting for the immense complexity of the real world and rebels against the idea of spontaneous market order in two ways that are equally harmful to human liberty: on the one hand, by promoting the coercive "social engineering" of central banks, States, and governments to use "fine tuning" to force reality toward to the mathematical optimum of their models; and, on the other hand, by labeling as "market failures" everything they believe they observe in reality that does not coincide, in their empirical studies, with their ghostly models of “perfect” equilibrium and adjustment (Milei, 2023); failures that, according to them, refute the "benefits" of the spontaneous order of the market and human liberty, and justify their elimination as soon as possible by a coercive State authority. Note also how neoclassical pseudoscience needs, and feeds upon, the empirical work of the previous pseudoscience, positivism, in order to justify its conclusions against human liberty and in favor of State coercion, so that positivists and neoclassicists join hands and end up reinforcing each other in their reactionary agenda.Third, Keynesianism and macroeconomics as pseudoscience. The very “macro” approach already entails, inevitably, an obvious bias in favor of justifying State intervention, aggression, and coercion against the spontaneous order of the market and human liberty. As F. A. Hayek pointed out in his Nobel Prize acceptance speech in 1974 (Hayek, 1978), macroeconomists ignore everything they cannot measure, specifically truly relevant economic processes and theories. At the same time, they believe that certain aggregate concepts—which lack genuine economic meaning—possess a “real” existence, that permits to collect empirical information or evidence that can be manipulated and statistically treated. Once again, macroeconomic pseudoscience goes hand in hand with positivist pseudoscience, and the two reinforce with each other in their counterrevolutionary reaction. Furthermore, Keynesianism is particularly harmful: not only does it flatly deny the coordinating capacity of creative entrepreneurship and the spontaneous market order, but it also builds as an alternative explanation a whole model—of course—of equilibrium with permanent unemployment, to justify the coercive intervention of the State in the lives of human beings in the form of all kinds of fiscal and monetary manipulations. Moreover, the macroeconomic and Keynesian pseudoscience feeds upon, and is reinforced by, the pseudoscientific approach of the Neoclassical School, to the point that, the so-called "neoclassical Keynesian synthesis" became, throughout the twentieth century, the main reactionary movement inside Economics. Keynesians and macroeconomists thus become the champions of that intoxication with statism, manipulation, and political power which constitutes the framework, orchestrated by governments and central banks, to which we have, regrettably, become accustomed and in which we are forced to live. This context repeatedly destabilizes the spontaneous market order, generates serious financial and economic crises and social conflicts, and continually hampers the prosperity and advance of civilization.We have left the quasi-religious mysticism of Marxist pseudoscience for last, because Marxism was scientifically dead even before it was born: in fact, it emerged with—and was theoretically demolished by—the subjectivist revolution led by the Austrian School of Economics. From the beginning, the Austrian School's development of time preference and capital theory revealed the contradictions and grave scientific errors of Marxism, while at the same time exposing its pronounced character as an intellectual fraud (Böhm-Bawerk, 1949). This intellectual fraud was historically illustrated by the collapse of the Soviet Union, and of virtually all other communist countries, after many decades of unspeakable human suffering for a large part of the world's population, all of which was perfectly consistent with the theory on the impossibility of statism developed by the Austrian School beginning with the von Mises of 1920 (Mises, 1936), and which was the final nail that forever sealed the coffin of the corpse of Marxist pseudoscience (Huerta de Soto, 2010).Finally, in this context, we must mention the destructive role played by a number of distinguished economists who, although they defend liberty and the market economy, could be described as a kind of "useful innocents" in Mises' terminology (Mises, 1947). This is so because, even though they officially oppose rampant statism and defend liberty, by accepting—even if only partially—some of the postulates of the reactionary pseudoscientific currents we have described, they ultimately end up, often without intending to and much to their regret, providing additional impetus to the statist reaction within our discipline; for example, when they insist on advising States with proposals aimed at making them more efficient and at helping them do somewhat better things that they should not be doing at all. By way of illustration, we should include in this category of “useful innocents”, for example, thinkers as the Karl Popper of The Open Society and Its Enemies (Popper, 1966, p. 366), who came to admire the “scientific capacity” and even the “humanism” of Karl Marx, and who proposed a statist strategy of “piecemeal social engineering”; or George Stigler, when he claimed that only empirical evidence could determine which economic system, socialism or capitalism, might function (Stigler, 1975, pp. 1-13); and, more generally, the members of the Chicago School, led by Gary Becker and Milton Friedman. Becker when defending that only economics developed within the strict limits of equilibrium, constancy, and maximization, typical of the neoclassical pseudoscience, constitutes true "economic science." And even more serious could be considered the case of Milton Friedman, whose very sincere love of liberty and intense and popular media support for free markets stand in sharp contrast to his pseudoscientific approach based on the aggregate method of economics of Keynesian origin, on positivist empiricism, and on the full acceptance of the unrealism of assumptions. Only in this way it can be explained Friedman's litany of scientific errors which, much to his regret, have invariably ended up reinforcing statist interventionism, to the point that Hayek himself was forced to conclude that after Keynes's The General Theory, the book that has done the greatest harm to Economic Science has been Friedman's Essays in Positive Economics (Hayek, 1994, pp. 145).The failure of democracy and classical liberalism: the triumph of statismAs we see, many classical liberals and advocates of liberal democracy have also acted as "useful innocents." The fatal error of classical liberals lies in the failure to realize that their program is theoretically impossible, because it incorporates within itself the seeds of its own destruction, precisely to the extent that it considers necessary and accepts the existence of a State (even if it is "minimal") understood as the monopolistic agency of institutional coercion. Therefore, the great error of classical liberals is very basic: they believe in a program of political action and economic doctrine that aims to limit the power of the State, while at the same time accepting it and even considering state's existence necessary. However Economic Science has already shown that the State is unnecessary, that statism (even in its minimal form) is theoretically impossible, and that, given human nature, once the State exists, it is impossible to limit its power. On the other hand, liberal democracy is a concept as naïve as it is impossible. Mises already warned us that democracy could only function if all its participants accepted the classical liberal principles, which is impossible because democracy itself encourages and amplifies vote-buying and the partisan use of power. So, the inevitable conclusion is that "liberal democracy" is a contradiction in terms as absurd as speaking (following Anthony de Jasay) of a “square circle,” of “hot snow,” or of a “virgin prostitute” (A. de Jasay, 1990). And even Hayek considered democracy unworkable if it is understood as the exercise of absolute power by majorities (Kratos in classical Greek). It should therefore come as no surprise that democracy once and again tends to be a perverse system based on lying and buying votes with money stolen through taxation.The fact is that the State attracts like a magnet the worst passions and vices of human nature, for instance, when individuals try to obtain rents produced by others using the State's coercive power. Moreover, the combined effect of the privileged groups, the phenomena of governmental myopia and vote-buying, the megalomaniacal character of politicians, and the irresponsibility and blindness of bureaucracies generate a dangerous, unstable and explosive cocktail, continually shaken by social, economic, and political crises which, paradoxically, are always used by the political caste to justify further doses of intervention and statism that, instead of solving problems, further aggravate them. Statism therefore corrupts the entire social body and at the same time blocks the spontaneous and free market solutions of social and economic problems.In fact, the State has become the "idol" that almost everyone turns to and worships. Statolatry is the most serious and dangerous social disease of our time. We are educated to believe that all problems can and must be detected and solved by the State. Our destiny depends on the State, and the politicians who control it are expected to guarantee everything our well-being may require. Human beings remain immature and rebel against their own creative nature, which makes their future always uncertain. They demand a crystal ball that assures them not only knowing what will happen, but also that any problems that arise will be solved for them. This "infantilization" of the masses is encouraged by politicians, as it justifies their own existence and ensures their popularity, position of dominance, and capacity to control. In addition, a whole legion of intellectuals, so-called "experts," and social engineers join in this arrogant intoxication of power. Not even the Church and the most respectable religious denominations have been able to realize that statolatry today constitutes the principal threat to the free, moral, and responsible human being; that the State is a false idol of immense power, worshipped by all, and that does not allow Humanity to be free from its control or have moral or religious loyalties beyond those the state can dominate. Furthermore, it is kept hidden from the public that the state is the true source of social conflicts and evils, and "scapegoats" (such as "capitalism" or private property) are blamed for the problems, and they become the goal of the most serious condemnations, even from moral and religious leaders, almost none of whom have realized the deception or dared to denounce that statolatry is the main threat in the present century to religion, morality, and, therefore, to human civilization.Perhaps the main exception within the Church is included in the brilliant biography of Jesus of Nazareth written by Benedict XVI. That the State and political power constitute the institutional incarnation of the Antichrist should be obvious to anyone with a minimal knowledge of history who reads the former Pope's considerations on the most serious temptation that the Evil One can present to us (and I quote Ratzinger literally): "The tempter is not so crude as to propose to us directly the worship of the devil. He merely proposes that we opt for the rational solution, that we prefer a planned and organized world in which God may have a place as a private spiritual matter, but must not be allowed to interfere in our essential purposes. Soloviev attributes to the Antichrist a book entitled The Open Road to World Peace and Prosperity; it becomes the new Bible, and its core message is the worship of well-being and rational planning," by the state (Ratzinger, 2007). And so, we should not be surprised that, for example, the great author of The Lord of the Rings, J. R. Tolkien, whose Catholic anarchism I fully share, went so far as to say that he would arrest anyone for simply daring to pronounce the word "State." Because the State is, always and everywhere, a reality of violence and systematic coercion against the most intimate essence of the human being, which is his capacity to act freely, creatively, and spontaneously; and so, it is unavoidable to conclude that the State is essentially immoral and that statism constitutes the principal threat to humankind.A theological digression: the dismantling of statism as a logical necessity inseparable from the work of GodAnd almost without realizing it, we can go ahead with a theological digression on how dismantling the State is a logical and moral necessity inseparable from the work of God. I fully understand that referring to God in this conference may come as a shock to many of those present, but I would ask that even those who do not believe in God, at least for dialectical purposes, make an effort of imagination and, for the next few minutes, imagine that God does indeed exist.And what do we mean by God? We must understand God to be a Supreme Being, Creator out of love for all things. And the most important creature that God has created is precisely the human being: in His image and likeness. And if there is a point of connection between God and man, it is precisely in the creative entrepreneurial ability: the capacity to discover, to see, and to create new things, goals and actions. But now I am going to go one step further and attempt to demonstrate that God is not only the Supreme, loving Creator of all things, but that—moreover—God is libertarian.And what does it mean to say that God is libertarian? It means that God, the Lord of all the Universe, has absolute power over it, and yet He chooses not to use force, but always leaves his creatures free. To the point that He gives human beings the freedom to rebel against Him; even though, again and again, God forgives human beings and allows them to rise up and begin anew.God always lets the universe He has created, flow in a spontaneous manner ("laissez faire, laissez passer, le monde va de lui même" could be the motto of our libertarian God). And this despite the fact that human beings tempt God again and again and demand that He manifest His absolute power, that He give us clear and indisputable signs of His existence and supreme power in order for us to believe in Him. But of course, God does not accept our challenge. Why? Because love and liberty are inseparable, and a forced conversion, for example by an evident cataclysm, would be completely contrary to that liberty with which God has created human beings out of love.Moreover, the Kingdom of God is not of this world; Jesus himself says this to a fearful Roman state official, who was also in charge of judging him: "My kingdom is not of this world." Does this mean that there are two types of kingdoms? The kingdoms of this world or States, which would be legitimate at their own level (remember "render unto Caesar the things that are Caesar's"), and the Kingdom of God, of ("render unto God the things that are God's"). That is the standard interpretation that has prevailed until now, but I think is completely wrong. The Kingdom of God—which is the exact opposite of the kingdoms or States of this world—never makes systematic use of violence and coercion: it is a Kingdom that has already come to us and, moreover, has been given to us freely, in an act of immense mercy and love (Deus caritas est). And just as the hateful institution of slavery came to an end, the Kingdom of God will also dismantle the kingdoms of this world, the states of this world, or as St. Paul said, of every principality, power, and glory (Ephesians 1:21-23), because God is libertarian and man is made in the image and likeness of God.Ludwig von Mises, in his book Interventionism, introduced the term "destructionism" to refer to the economic and social effects of statism. If Evil (represented by statist destructionism in Mises' terminology) were to prevail, the human race and civilization would have disappeared long ago. The fact that, despite everything and the immense power of seduction of statism over humankind, the process of social cooperation continues to unfold and even prosper in certain historical periods and geographical areas, is a clear manifestation that God does not abandon the world nor leave libertarians alone in their struggle against the Evil; and that Good, represented by liberty, the principle of non-aggression, the spontaneous order of the market, entrepreneurial creativity and coordination, and above all, moral principles, always with God's help, prevails and is capable of overcoming Evil, represented by the fatal conceit of the statist ideal and the destruction that it produces.And now I will finish with some thoughts on anarcho-capitalism as the only possible system of social cooperation truly compatible with human natureAnd now I will finish with some thoughts on anarcho-capitalism as the only possible system of social cooperation truly compatible with human nature. The most important intellectual and moral event that is taking place nowadays is the full fusion between Christianity and anarcho-capitalism. Because anarcho-capitalism is the only possible system of social cooperation that is truly compatible with human nature. Anarcho-capitalism is the purest representation of the spontaneous market order in which all services, including law, justice, and public order, are provided through a voluntary process of social cooperation. In this system, no area is closed to the drive of human creativity and entrepreneurial coordination; efficiency and justice in the resolution of problems are simultaneously enhanced, while the conflicts, inefficiencies, and discoordinations generated by the State are eradicated at their root.The progressive abolition of States and their gradual replacement by a dynamic network of private agencies different legal systems, and providing all kinds of prevention and defense services, constitutes the most important social transformation that will take place in the twenty first century. Without forgetting that exactly what prevents us from knowing with precision what the future without the state will look like, the creative nature of entrepreneurship, is what gives us the peace of mind of knowing that any problem will tend to be resolved and overcome, once the entrepreneurial effort and creativity of Humanity are devoted to its solution (Kirzner, 1985).Therefore, the revolution against the “Old Régime” carried out in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries by the old classical liberals, today finds its natural continuation in the anarcho-capitalist revolution of the twenty-first century. The message of anarcho-capitalism is clearly revolutionary. Revolutionary in terms of its goal: the dismantling of the State and its replacement by a competitive market process consisting of a network of private agencies, associations, and organizations. And revolutionary in terms of its means, especially in the scientific, economic-social, and political fields:a) First, Scientific revolution, in the field of Economic Science, which becomes the general theory of spontaneous market order extended to all social areas. And by contrast and opposition, the theory and analysis of the effects of social discoordination generated by statism in any sphere in which it operates, as well as the study of the transition process from the State towards liberty.b) Second, an Economic and social revolution, as we cannot even imagine today the immense human achievements and discoveries that could be made in an entrepreneurial environment totally free from statism. Today, and despite continuous governmental harassment, an unknown civilization is already developing, with a degree of complexity that is beyond the reach and control of the state, and which will achieve unlimited expansion once it manages to completely rid itself of statism. And when human beings become more and more aware of the perverse nature of the State that restricts them, and of the immense possibilities that are frustrated each day when the State blocks the driving force of their entrepreneurial creativity, the social demand to reform and dismantle the State will multiply creating a future that is largely unknown to us but that will elevate human civilization to heights that we cannot even imagine today.c) And finally, a political revolution in which, although day-to-day political struggle is important, it should not be the top priority. It is true that the least interventionist alternatives must always be supported, in clear alliance with the efforts of classical liberals in their long term impossible democratic limitation of the State (including reforms such as those proposed by Hayek in the third volume of Law, Legislation, and Liberty). But the anarcho-capitalist does not stop at this task, for he knows that he can and must do much more. He knows that the ultimate goal is the total dismantling of the State, and this goal leads all his imagination and political action in everyday life. And here we cannot fail to mention the unprecedented impact of our disciple and follower of our Master Program in Austrian Economics in Madrid, the President of Argentina, Javier Milei, who has done more than anyone else before to disseminate the principles of the Austrian School and the anarcho-capitalist ideal. Principles that he never ceases to quote and explain and defend once and again in all his public appearances, from the United Nations to the Davos Forum; and in all his meetings with other Heads of State, universities, and parliaments, to whom he even gives copies of the most important Austrian works by Mises, Hayek and even myself, as he did, for example, with the two popes, Francis and Leo XIV, with the French President Macron, the Italian Prime Minister Meloni, and even with Elon Musk. For us, it is a great honor that Milei has, to a large extent, emerged from the Austrian School of Madrid and that he continually keeps drawing inspiration from us. This is, without a doubt, much more important than incremental political steps in the right direction—which should of course be welcomed—and that should never fall into a political pragmatism that could betray the ultimate goal of achieving the end of the State (Huerta de Soto, 2010).And all this with tireless enthusiasm in the search for scientific and moral truth, an attitude that, inspired by the immortal work of Miguel de Cervantes, we could describe as follows: "It matters not whether they be giants or windmills, when the plume of our helm is stirred by the winds of tenacity and faith." And always creating a future that, although it may seem distant today, may at any moment witness giant steps that will surprise even the most optimistic among us. History has entered into an accelerated process of change which, although it will never stop, will open a whole new chapter when humankind finally succeeds in ridding itself definitively of the State, reducing it to no more than a dark historical relic of tragic memory.Thank you very much.REFERENCESBASTIAT, Frédéric: Selected Essays on Political Economy, Foundation for Economic Education, New York 1995.DE LA BOÉTIE, Étienne: The Politics of Obedience: The Discourse of Voluntary Servitude, Free Life Editions, Nueva York 1975.BÖHM-BAWERK, Eugen von: Karl Marx and the Close of His System, Augustus M. Kelley, Nueva York 1949."The Exploitation Theory," Capital and Interest, Vol. I: History and Critique of Interest Theories, Libertarian Press, South Holland 1959.HAYEK, Friedrich A. von: The Counter-Revolution of Science, Free Press, New York, 1955.Hayek on Hayek: An Autobiographical Dialogue (eds. 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XXII, nº 1, Summer 2025, pp. 403-420.MARTÍNEZ MARINA, Francisco: Teoría de las cortes o grandes juntas nacionales de los reinos de León y Castilla, Collado, 1820.MILEI, Javier: Capitalism, Socialism, and the Neoclassical Trap, in The Emergence of a Tradition: Essays in Honor of Jesús Huerta de Soto, Volume II (editors Howden, D., Bagus, P.), Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, 2023.MISES, Ludwig von: Socialism: An Economic and Sociological Analysis, Jonathan Cape, London 1936.Planned Chaos, Foundation for Economic Education, Irvington-on-Hudson 1947.OPPENHEIMER, Franz: The State, Vanguard Press, Nueva York 1926.POPESCU, Oreste: Studies in the History of Latin American Economic Thought, Routledge, London 1997.POPPER, Karl: The Open Society and its Enemies, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1966.RATZINGER, Joseph. Jesus of Nazareth: From the Baptism in the Jordan to the Transfiguration. Translated by Adrian J. Walker. Doubleday, New York, 2007.ROTHBARD, Murray N.: "New Light on the Prehistory of the Austrian School," in The Foundations of Modern Austrian Economics (editor Edwin G. Dolan), Sheed and Ward, Kansas City 1976, pp. 52–74.Anatomy of the State, Ludwig von Mises Institute, Auburn 2009.SALERNO, Joseph. "Milton Friedman's Views on Method and Money Reconsidered in Light of the Housing Bubble", in The Emergence of a Tradition: Essays in Honor of Jesús Huerta de Soto, Volume I, (editors Howden, D., Bagus, P.), Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, 2023.STIGLER, George: The Citizen and the State, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1975, pp. 1-13.

Not since the Marquis de Lafayette's triumphant 1824 tour of the United States has a return been more welcome than Yuval Levin's to The Remnant. After greeting our patriot hero with laurels and kisses, Jonah Goldberg sets Yuval up for a philosophical tour de force, covering the president's war powers, cultural and institutional change, education in republicanism, the effects of new technology on our Constitutional order, the Scottish Enlightenment, rationalism vs. reason, Hayek vs. Burke, and the new right in the post-Trump world. Show Notes:—Yuval's book, American Covenant—AEI's First Branch Society—Allen Guelzo on The Remnant—Register for LSU's 2026 John Breaux Symposium The Remnant is a production of ⁠The Dispatch⁠, a digital media company covering politics, policy, and culture from a non-partisan, conservative perspective. To access all of The Dispatch's offerings—including access to all of Jonah's G-File newsletters—⁠click here⁠. If you'd like to remove all ads from your podcast experience, consider becoming a premium Dispatch member ⁠by clicking here⁠. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode, Alex speaks with Nick Cowan about why an “examined education” is better than an unexamined one. Drawing on his paper, Nick argues that exams are valuable not just as external assessments but as opportunities for students to test themselves, build confidence, develop resilience, and discover what they actually know rather than what they merely think they know. References “An Examined Education” — Nick Cowan https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=6261178 The Theory of Moral Sentiments — Adam Smith https://a.co/d/0iSQvp4l “Why I Am Not a Conservative” — F. A. Hayek https://press.uchicago.edu/books/excerpt/2011/hayek_constitution.html Graduate premium in the UK and debates over higher education quality https://theskillsagenda.substack.com/p/a-declining-graduate-premium Thanks to Our Patrons Thanks to our patrons, including Kris Rondolo, Amy Willis, and Christopher McDonald. To support The Curious Task, visit: https://patreon.com/curioustask  

3 hour discussion roughly organized as follows: The intellectual and educational “ethos” of ‘The Austrian School of Economics' with some key quotes by leading thinkers Mises and Hayek. An introduction to ‘Austrian Economics' with a focus on Carl Menger...

Ever since Leo Strauss published his magnum opus Natural Right and History, which ends by heavily implying Edmund Burke opened the door for the evils of historicism in the modern world, a great fissure in conservative nerddom erupted between those who align with either titan. Were Strauss' criticism of Burke warranted? Did Burke disavow natural rights and pave the way for the evils of authoritarianism, fascism, Marxism, and progressivism to come? Does a careful, esoteric reading of Natural Right and History reveal the Strauss secret family chili recipe? Saving Elephants has assembled an all-star panel to answer these questions and more.   Representing Edmund Burke: Dr. Gregory Collins is one of the most celebrated Burke scholars of the rising generation. He is a Lecturer in the Department of Political Science and Program on Ethics, Politics, and Economics at Yale University. He recently received the Buckley Institute's 2024 Lux and Veritas Faculty Prize. His first book, Commerce and Manners in Edmund Burke's Political Economy, examined Edmund Burke's understanding of the connection between markets and morals. Greg has also published articles on Adam Smith, F.A. Hayek, Frederick Douglass, Eric Voegelin, Leo Strauss, and Britain's East India Company. His additional writings and book reviews can be found in Modern Age, Law & Liberty, National Affairs, National Review, and University Bookman.  You can follow Greg on Twitter @GregCollins111   Lauren Hall is an author and professor helping people combat overwhelm in an age of extremes. Her writing rejects binary and black-and-white thinking to help people lead more balanced lives, build stronger relationships, and restore individual and civic well-being. Hall is a 2024 Pluralism Fellow with the Mercatus Center's Program on Pluralism and Civil Exchange and serves on the Board of Advisors for the Prohuman Foundation. Her Substack and speaking spread the message of radical moderation to new audiences via public writing, speaking, and podcast interviews. Hall has presented her work on radical moderation at conferences including the Heterodox Academy Conference, the State Policy Network Conference, the Mercatus Center's Pluralism Summit, and various political science and related conferences and has a range of talks and podcast interviews available on radical moderation and other topics. In her "real" job, she is a Professor of Political Science and Associate Dean of Academic Affairs at the Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) and author of the books Family and the Politics of Moderation (Baylor U. Press, 2014) and The Medicalization of Birth and Death (Johns Hopkins U. Press, 2019). Hall has a PhD in Political Science from Northern Illinois University (2007) and a BA in Philosophy from Binghamton University (2002).   Representing Strauss: Steven F. Hayward is a fellow of the Public Law and Policy Program at Berkeley Law and visiting professor in School of Public Policy at Pepperdine University. Steven frequently writes on a wide range of current topics, including environmentalism, law, economics, and public policy for publications including National Review, Reason, The Weekly Standard, The American Spectator, The Public Interest, the Claremont Review of Books, and the Policy Review at the Hoover Institution.  His newspaper articles have appeared in the New York Times, Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal, the San Francisco Chronicle, the Chicago Tribune, and dozens of other daily newspapers. He is the author of a two-volume narrative history of Ronald Reagan and his effect on American political life, The Age of Reagan: The Fall of the Old Liberal Order, 1964-1980, and The Age of Reagan: The Conservative Counter-Revolution, 1980-1989.  His other books include Index of Leading Environmental Indicators; The Almanac of Environmental Trends; Mere Environmentalism: A Biblical Perspective on Humans and the Natural World, Churchill on Leadership; Greatness: Reagan, Churchill, and the Making of Extraordinary Leaders; Patriotism Is Not Enough; and M. Stanton Evans: Conservative Wit, Apostle of Freedom. Steven has also served as visiting fellow professor, scholar, or lecturer at the Intercollegiate Studies Institute (ISI), Ashland University, Mont Pelerin Society, Pacific Research Institute, The Heritage Foundation, American Enterprise Institute, Georgetown University, The Fund for American Studies, and University of Colorado Boulder. His blog, powerlineblog.com, is one of the nation's most-read political websites.   The international woman of mystery, Lucretia, teaches at the University of Arizona.  Steve and Lucretia—along with John Yoo—host the 3 Whiskey Happy Hour podcast.  

Every Bitcoin transaction needs to be verified on the blockchain. There is no central authority that does this, but Bitcoin's blockchain has run uninterrupted since 2009 and now carries a market capitalisation of $1.3 trillion, roughly 4% of US GDP. Its original promise was more radical: that we do not need a trusted intermediary to spend money, write contracts, or create finance. In the fifth LTI report, published today, Yackolley Amoussou-Guenou, Bruno Biais, and Sara Tucci-Piergiovanni ask how much of that promise has held. Bruno talks to Tim Phillips about blockchain's potential, its flaws, and its future.  It is a Nash equilibrium: if you believe others will follow the rules, it is in your interest to follow them too. On that foundation Bitcoin's ledger has been running continuously for 16 years. Smart contracts, pioneered by Vitalik Buterin's Ethereum, extend the logic to financial agreements. Decentralised finance promised to cut out rent-seeking intermediaries. Cryptocurrencies can step in where banks are broken or currencies have collapsed; in Lebanon, when bank accounts were frozen and payments stopped, businesses switched to crypto and kept operating. But the technology's libertarian origins may need to be sacrificed: As Bruno says, without transparency there is no trust, and transparency in this market may require regulation.The research behind this episode:Amoussou-Guenou, Yackolley, Bruno Biais, and Sara Tucci-Piergiovanni. 2026. "Can Blockchain Decentralize Money, Contracts, and Finance?" LTI Report 5. CEPR and Long-Term Investors@UniTo. Freely available to download at cepr.org. To cite this episode:Phillips, Tim, and Bruno Biais. 2025. "Can Blockchain Decentralize Money, Contracts, and Finance?" VoxTalks Economics (podcast). Assign this as extra listening. The citation above is formatted and ready for a reading list or VLE.About the guestBruno Biais is Professor of Finance at HEC Paris and a Research Fellow at the Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR). His research spanning financial market microstructure, corporate finance, and the economics of blockchain has made him one of the leading economists working at the intersection of finance and decentralised technology. He has studied blockchain and cryptocurrency markets since their early years, and his theoretical models of consensus mechanisms and cryptocurrency valuation have shaped how economists understand the conditions under which decentralised systems can and cannot sustain themselves.Research cited in this episodeThe blockchain is a distributed ledger maintained by a network of nodes, each holding an identical copy of the record of ownership. When a transaction is submitted, all nodes verify it against the existing ledger and update their copies to reach consensus on the new state. No central authority manages this process; its stability rests entirely on the incentive structure built into the protocol.Nash equilibrium is a concept from game theory, named for the mathematician John Nash, describing a situation in which each participant's strategy is the best response to the strategies of all others; no individual has an incentive to deviate unilaterally. Biais and co-authors identify the Bitcoin protocol as a Nash equilibrium: if you believe others will follow the rules, it is in your own interest to follow them too. That self-reinforcing alignment of incentives, rather than goodwill or central enforcement, is why the blockchain has remained valid since 2009.Smart contracts are lines of code deposited on a blockchain that execute automatically when specified conditions are met: if X, then Y. Vitalik Buterin introduced them through the Ethereum platform, which offers a richer programming language than Bitcoin and allows users to hold collateral on-chain to guarantee the contract will pay out. Smart contracts underpin automated market makers, decentralised lending, and a wide range of financial applications that require no counterparty or intermediary to enforce the agreement.Oracles are third-party services that transmit data about real-world events to a blockchain, allowing smart contracts to respond to things that happen off-chain. A contract that pays out when a house burns, for example, requires an oracle to report that event to the network. Oracles introduce a point of fragility: the authenticity and accuracy of off-chain information must be established before the network accepts it, and that verification is more vulnerable to error and manipulation than the on-chain consensus mechanism itself.Front-running and miner extractable value (MEV) describe the practice by which technically sophisticated actors exploit the public visibility of pending transactions to extract profits at the expense of ordinary users. Because transactions on public blockchains are broadcast to all nodes before they are confirmed, an actor who sees a large pending purchase can execute the same trade first, drive the price up, and then sell at a profit once the original transaction goes through. The cost falls on the smaller trader. Biais notes that the barriers to entry and economies of scale in this activity have concentrated power in the hands of a small, technically skilled group, recreating the kind of intermediary rents that decentralised finance was designed to eliminate.Automated market makers are smart contracts that provide continuous liquidity for trading between two assets by holding reserves of both in a pool and setting prices according to the ratio of the reserves. A large purchase of one asset depletes that side of the pool and raises its price; a large sale depresses it. Automated market makers have become a central mechanism of decentralised finance, replacing the order-book systems used in traditional exchanges.Stablecoins are cryptocurrency tokens designed to maintain a fixed value relative to a conventional currency, typically the US dollar. They are issued by private entities that hold reserves intended to back the peg. Tether, the largest stablecoin by market capitalisation, holds its reserves in a mix of Treasury bills, Bitcoin, and precious metals; in 2021, the US Commodity Futures Trading Commission fined Tether for misrepresenting those reserves and required it to disclose their composition, making this information publicly available for the first time. Dai is an algorithmically managed stablecoin that maintains its peg through over-collateralisation in cryptocurrency rather than conventional reserves.The Diamond-Dybvig model is a theoretical framework developed by Douglas Diamond and Philip Dybvig explaining why financial intermediaries that hold illiquid assets while issuing liquid claims are inherently vulnerable to runs. When enough depositors demand withdrawal simultaneously, the institution is forced to sell assets at a loss, making further withdrawals impossible and confirming the fears that triggered the run. Biais applies this logic to stablecoins: if enough holders attempt to redeem simultaneously, the issuer must sell its reserves in volume, driving down their price and potentially breaking the peg.Central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) are digital tokens issued and managed by central banks, distinct from both commercial bank deposits and private stablecoins. Biais distinguishes two potential use cases: retail CBDCs, which would allow individuals to hold central bank money directly, and wholesale CBDCs, which would facilitate settlement between large financial institutions. He regards the wholesale application as the more promising; a wholesale CBDC could enable fast, low-cost atomic settlement of cross-currency transactions between banks under central bank oversight, a significant improvement on current interbank settlement systems.MiCA (Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation) is the European Union's regulatory framework for crypto-asset service providers, which came fully into force in December 2024. It requires licensing for issuers and service providers operating within the EU and imposes disclosure, reserve, and conduct requirements intended to align the sector more closely with the standards applied in traditional financial markets.Hayek's currency competition refers to the argument by Friedrich Hayek that competition between privately issued currencies would discipline monetary policy: users would switch away from currencies managed irresponsibly, and that threat would encourage better central bank behaviour. Biais applies this argument to cryptocurrencies and stablecoins in countries where the domestic currency has been mismanaged. He cites Nigeria, where sharp depreciation of the naira was accompanied by rising crypto adoption; over the following period, Nigeria's central bank raised interest rates and created a more transparent foreign exchange market. Biais suggests, tentatively, that the competitive pressure from crypto alternatives may have contributed to that improvement.More VoxTalks EconomicsDo stablecoins threaten financial stability? Stablecoins are digital tokens, pegged to a fiat currency. What could possibly go wrong? For one type of stablecoin the answer is: plenty, according to Richard Portes. In coin we trust Crypto investors make a lot of noise, but who are they, and do they behave differently to other retail investors?Do cryptocurrencies matter? Can cryptocurrencies be useful? Not just for crypto bro speculators, but as a shield against the depreciation of the official currency if a government is determined to pursue inflationary policies.

In this episode, Salim S. Hayek, MD, Chair for the Department of Internal Medicine and Chief Transformation Officer, UTMB, discusses how AI driven referral triage and operational redesign can reduce administrative burden and improve patient access. He also shares how health systems can build strong foundations for growth amid financial pressure and regulatory uncertainty.

On the latest episode of Minor Issues, Mark Thornton tackles the “Austrians don't care about the poor” smear, arguing that Austrian monetary theory is designed to explain how political elites rig the system against working people. From Cantillon's original gold mine thought experiment to today's Fed-driven credit expansion, Mark explains how cheap money concentrates wealth and fuels the “K-shaped” economy, while a market-based monetary system would sharply limit this dynamic and restore more durable wage growth and stability.Additional Resources"Share of Net Worth Held by the Top 1%" (Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis): https://mises.org/MI_168_Graph"Monetary Metals 101: How Gold and Silver Work in a Free Market" (Minor Issues, Episode 141) https://mises.org/MI_141"The K-Shaped Economy" (Minor Issues, Episode 150): https://mises.org/MI_151"Past Tense" (Minor Issues, Episode 83): https://mises.org/MI_83"The Fed vs. the Real Economy" (Minor Issues, Episode 58): https://mises.org/MI_58Order a free paperback copy of Hayek for the 21st Century by F. A. Hayek: https://mises.org/Hayek21Purchase a Minor Issues tumbler today! https://mises.org/MinorIssuesTumblerBe sure to follow Minor Issues at https://Mises.org/MinorIssues

In commemoration of Murray Rothbard's 100th birthday, Bob shares five “greatest hits” from Rothbard's economics, covering deficits vs. inflation, monopoly theory, excess capacity, the time structure of production, and his reconstruction of utility and welfare economics.Related:Rothbard, Making Economic Sense: Mises.org/HAP541aRothbard, "Toward a Reconstruction of Utility and Welfare Economics": Mises.org/HAP541bRothbard, Man, Economy, and State with Power and Market: Mises.org/HAP541cBob's Study Guide to Man, Economy, and State with Power and Market: Mises.org/HAP541dJoin the Mises Institute on Saturday, April 25 in San Diego, CA to discuss California's fall from grace. Today, it's known for high taxes, bureaucrats, and leftwing billionaires. Is this a warning to the rest of America? Register now at Mises.org/CAHAPThe Mises Institute is giving away 100,000 copies of Hayek for the 21st Century. Get your free copy at Mises.org/HAPodFree

In commemoration of Murray Rothbard's 100th birthday, Bob shares five “greatest hits” from Rothbard's economics, covering deficits vs. inflation, monopoly theory, excess capacity, the time structure of production, and his reconstruction of utility and welfare economics.Related:Rothbard, Making Economic Sense: Mises.org/HAP541aRothbard, "Toward a Reconstruction of Utility and Welfare Economics": Mises.org/HAP541bRothbard, Man, Economy, and State with Power and Market: Mises.org/HAP541cBob's Study Guide to Man, Economy, and State with Power and Market: Mises.org/HAP541dJoin the Mises Institute on Saturday, April 25 in San Diego, CA to discuss California's fall from grace. Today, it's known for high taxes, bureaucrats, and leftwing billionaires. Is this a warning to the rest of America? Register now at Mises.org/CAHAPThe Mises Institute is giving away 100,000 copies of Hayek for the 21st Century. Get your free copy at Mises.org/HAPodFree

Rumours about the Rolex GMT Master II Pepsi have reached a boiling point. Authorised dealer websites — controlled by Rolex, not the retailers — have quietly dropped the reference, and WatchPro is reporting that dealers have been told to expect no further deliveries. Asher finds it a dull story; Gabe is more interested in what comes next from Rolex in dress watches, the 1908 collection, and whether the long-dormant Milgauss finally returns. The centrepiece of the episode is the fallout from the annual Morgan Stanley/LuxConsult Swiss Watch Industry report, which drew unusually public pushback from Swatch Group and Tudor this year. Gabe frames Swatch's objections in context: a holding company with depressed stock, underperforming peers, and an activist investor pressing against the Hayek family's control. Their counter-arguments cherry-pick individual figures without offering systematic data — and suing, he notes, gets complicated fast when Swiss civil law has no discovery process. The episode closes on Kalshi's new watch futures prediction market, built in partnership with Bezel. Gabe is sceptical — the market is too thin, insider-trading risk too obvious, and a wrong prediction leaves you with nothing. Both hosts agree it has the feel of early-2020s financial-instrument mania and probably won't survive scrutiny. The episode opens with an announcement for Collective Horology's Los Angeles Open House watch show (June 6, RSVP required) and closes with a conversation about the podcast's focus on the business of watches and why that perspective matters to collectors and industry observers. Openwork is a weekly podcast about how the watch industry actually works. An unfiltered look behind the scenes — no press releases, no hype, and no sponsored takes. Hosted by Asher Rapkin and Gabe Reilly, co-founders of Collective Horology. Available on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, YouTube Music, or wherever you get your podcasts. You can find us online at collectivehorology.com. To get in touch with suggestions, feedback or questions, email podcast@collectivehorology.com.

On the latest episode of Minor Issues, Mark Thornton appears on Arcadia Economics with Chris Marcus during a volatile week for gold and silver amid the escalation with Iran. They unpack the risks and “unintended consequences” of the conflict, along with what all of this means for markets, the dollar, and investor psychology. Mark closes with a hard look at the Fed-fueled, fifteen-year bubble of credit and debt, the growing stress in sovereign debt markets, and why central bankers can't “magic away” the structural problems that created this mess.The original episode is available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MQn1GenrMyQOrder a free paperback copy of Hayek for the 21st Century by F. A. Hayek: https://mises.org/Hayek21Purchase a Minor Issues tumbler today! https://mises.org/MinorIssuesTumblerBe sure to follow Minor Issues at https://Mises.org/MinorIssues

Bob uses Trump's call to ban congressional insider trading as a springboard to explain why, from an Austro-libertarian perspective, insider trading and speculation could help markets work, while still justifying special rules for government employees.Related:Bob's Article "Is Insider Trading Really a Crime?": Mises.org/HAP540aThe Social Function of Stock Speculators: Mises.org/HAP540bThe Social Function of Futures Markets: Mises.org/HAP540cThe Social Function of Call and Put Options: Mises.org/HAP540dThe Mises Institute is giving away 100,000 copies of Hayek for the 21st Century. Get your free copy at Mises.org/HAPodFree

Bob uses Trump's call to ban congressional insider trading as a springboard to explain why, from an Austro-libertarian perspective, insider trading and speculation could help markets work, while still justifying special rules for government employees.Related:Bob's Article "Is Insider Trading Really a Crime?": Mises.org/HAP540aThe Social Function of Stock Speculators: Mises.org/HAP540bThe Social Function of Futures Markets: Mises.org/HAP540cThe Social Function of Call and Put Options: Mises.org/HAP540dThe Mises Institute is giving away 100,000 copies of Hayek for the 21st Century. Get your free copy at Mises.org/HAPodFree

On this episode of Minor Issues, Mark Thornton appears on Reinvent Money with Paul Buitink for a “state of the system” conversation. Mark breaks down the US economy as an “everything bubble,” explains what's really behind the trade deficit and the dollar's reserve status, and grades Trump's first-year economic agenda. He closes with a practical Austrian roadmap toward sound money: real savings, capital accumulation, and removing tax penalties on interest, dividends, and long-term gains.The original episode is available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mgqsHCQxSrwOrder a free paperback copy of Hayek for the 21st Century by F. A. Hayek: https://mises.org/Hayek21Purchase a Minor Issues tumbler today! https://mises.org/MinorIssuesTumblerBe sure to follow Minor Issues at https://Mises.org/MinorIssues

This week, Bob walks through Javier Milei's 2026 address to the World Economic Forum, explaining the Austrian and neoclassical ideas behind Milei's defense of capitalism—from Rothbard and Kirzner to Pareto efficiency and the welfare theorems.Related:Bob's Breakdown of The Intra-Austrian Debate over Milei: Mises.org/HAP539aThe Mises Institute is giving away 100,000 copies of Hayek for the 21st Century. Get your free copy at Mises.org/HAPodFree

This week, Bob walks through Javier Milei's 2026 address to the World Economic Forum, explaining the Austrian and neoclassical ideas behind Milei's defense of capitalism—from Rothbard and Kirzner to Pareto efficiency and the welfare theorems.Related:Bob's Breakdown of The Intra-Austrian Debate over Milei: Mises.org/HAP539aThe Mises Institute is giving away 100,000 copies of Hayek for the 21st Century. Get your free copy at Mises.org/HAPodFree

Bob lays out California's proposed 5% wealth tax on billionaires, using it to explain why taxes on wealth are especially destructive, how different tax structures change incentives, and what recent migration data says about people voting with their feet.Related:Data on 2020–2024 State-to-State Migration: Mises.org/HAP538a"Where Americans Choose to Move and Where They Leave": Mises.org/HAP538bPoliticians don't build prosperity. Entrepreneurs do. Join Keith Smith, Caitlin Long, Ryan McMaken, Per Bylund, and Timothy Terrell for our first event of 2026: Mises.org/OKCHAThe Mises Institute is giving away 100,000 copies of Hayek for the 21st Century. Get your free copy at Mises.org/HAPodFree

Bob talks with Dr. Keith Smith of the Surgery Center of Oklahoma about how posting cash prices, walking away from government money, and working with self-funded employers created an alternative to the cartel of big hospitals and insurers.Politicians don't build prosperity. Entrepreneurs do. Join Keith Smith, Caitlin Long, Ryan McMaken, Per Bylund, and Timothy Terrell for our first event of 2026: Mises.org/OKCHAThe Mises Institute is giving away 100,000 copies of Hayek for the 21st Century. Get your free copy at Mises.org/HAPodFree

Was the populist far right a reaction to neoliberal free market fundamentalism? Or, as historian Quinn Slobodian argues, did such rightwing currents come out of the ideas of neoliberalism itself? Slobodian reflects on neoliberal thinkers' preoccupation with racist and misogynistic ideas of human nature and intelligence, borders and gold — all in service to their war on the left. (Encore presentation.) Quinn Slobodian, Hayek's Bastards: Race, Gold, IQ, and the Capitalism of the Far Right Zone Books, 2025 The post The Neoliberal Roots of Rightwing Populism appeared first on KPFA.

Bob applies Mises' taxonomy of money and the regression theorem to Bitcoin, asking whether it should be classified as commodity or fiat money and whether Austrian theory really rules out Bitcoin ever becoming money.Related:Mises's The Theory of Money and Credit: Mises.org/HAP536aBob's Study Guide to The Theory of Money and Credit: Mises.org/HAP536bBob's Primer on Bitcoin: Mises.org/HAP536cPoliticians don't build prosperity. Entrepreneurs do. Join Keith Smith, Caitlin Long, Ryan McMaken, Per Bylund, and Timothy Terrell for our first event of 2026: Mises.org/HAHCThe Mises Institute is giving away 100,000 copies of Hayek for the 21st Century. Get your free copy at Mises.org/HAPodFree

On Tuesday's Mark Levin Show, history teaches us and helps demonstrate what patriotism is. But how can we demand patriotism from immigrants when we have American citizens on the neo-fascist right who trash our history? These people are not America first. How can they be America first when they don't understand our history, or founding? They will ensure that the Republicans lose the midterms and the Democrats choose the next president by causing even a small number of Republican and conservative voters to stay home. And the Marxist-Islamist left loves Carlson and the rest of them, as do the Democrat media that continuously promotes them. They know that he and his ilk will deliver them victories. We must do all we can to overcome this. Later, socialism light is not the answer to affordability. Capitalism is how you create prosperity and growth, which creates affordability and supply. Socialism light is also ineffective against aggressive socialism and the RINO proponents sound like liberals or Marxists. They lack coherent philosophy and resort to attacks while ignoring historical lessons from great minds like Milton Friedman, Mises, Hayek, Adam Smith, Reagan, and Trump. Afterward, Secretary of War Pete Hegseth is doing an excellent job. That's why the hate America Democrats relentlessly attack him. They need to get the hell off his back and condemn our enemies instead! Finally, Steve Hilton calls in to discuss his race for Governor of California. He can achieve a political upset next year by adopting Trump's common-sense approach nationwide, focusing on addressing bloated government and high costs driven by the climate insanity. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Meet my friends, Clay Travis and Buck Sexton! If you love Verdict, the Clay Travis and Buck Sexton Show might also be in your audio wheelhouse. Politics, news analysis, and some pop culture and comedy thrown in too. Here’s a sample episode recapping four takeaways. Give the guys a listen and then follow and subscribe wherever you get your podcasts. Mamdanism President Trump will meet New York City Mayor-elect Zohran Mamdani at the White House, a high-profile sit-down that underscores deep ideological divides. Buck analyzes Mamdani’s progressive agenda, including proposals for rent freezes, free public buses, and universal childcare, arguing these policies mirror failed socialist experiments and will worsen housing scarcity in New York City. He explains how government intervention in markets—such as rent control—creates artificial constraints that drive up costs and reduce housing availability, citing economic principles from Hayek’s Road to Serfdom. Buck warns that Mamdani’s tax-hike plans targeting corporations and high earners will further destabilize the city’s economy. FL Gov. Ron DeSantis Buck welcomes FL Governor Ron DeSantis for an in-depth discussion on Florida’s bold proposal to eliminate property taxes on homesteaded properties. DeSantis explains the economic rationale: skyrocketing property valuations are squeezing young families, while local governments have ballooned budgets from $32 billion in 2019 to $56 billion today. He argues that cutting homestead property taxes would protect true homeownership, reduce market distortions, and leverage Florida’s unique tax base, which relies heavily on non-resident property owners. DeSantis outlines plans for a 2026 ballot initiative, addresses concerns about special interests, and contrasts Florida’s lean, results-driven governance with New York’s bloated spending under progressive leadership. The conversation also touches on New York City Mayor-elect Zohran Mamdani’s agenda, warning that policies like rent freezes and anti-police measures will accelerate urban decline. WI Sen. Ron Johnson Wisconsin Senator Ron Johnson of Wisconsin, who discusses alarming revelations about the FBI’s handling of the Thomas Crooks assassination attempt on President Trump. Johnson suggests the Bureau may have withheld critical information about Crooks’ online activity, including radicalization indicators, and criticizes the lack of transparency despite bipartisan efforts to investigate. He confirms his committee is pursuing independent inquiries and warns that more details will surface. The conversation shifts to the Epstein Transparency Act, which passed Congress with near-unanimous support. Johnson explains why the Senate fast-tracked the measure and outlines concerns about protecting victims while ensuring public disclosure. He predicts the DOJ will release files within 30 days of Trump’s signature, though some material may remain withheld for legal reasons. Buck and Johnson agree this rare bipartisan moment reflects overwhelming public demand for accountability in the Epstein case. Johnson also tackles FBI abuses under “Operation Arctic Frost,” describing it as a partisan dragnet targeting Trump allies, Republican groups, and even ordinary citizens in Wisconsin. He calls for full exposure of communications between Biden officials and outside legal operatives, framing the probe as an attempt to criminalize lawful political activity. The senator further advocates ending the Senate filibuster, aligning with Trump’s position to secure election integrity, repair Obamacare’s failures, and advance conservative reforms. Bye, Bye, Dept. of Ed? Buck analyzes Karoline Leavitt’s fiery White House briefing, where she announced a major step toward dismantling the Department of Education. Leavitt detailed plans to redistribute its functions across other agencies, moving toward Trump’s campaign promise to return education control to states and eliminate federal overreach. Buck applauds the move, arguing the Department has long served as a progressive policy arm rather than an educational necessity. The show also previews Trump’s upcoming meeting with New York City Mayor-elect Zohran Mamdani, which Levitt characterized as a stark contrast between Trump’s pragmatic leadership and Mamdani’s far-left agenda. Buck predicts fireworks from the meeting and critiques Mamdani’s socialist proposals, including rent freezes and free public transit, as disastrous for New York’s economy. 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