Podcasts about family adoption

This month, we shine light on National Adoption Month by sharing stories from three family on the adoption process and how they grew their families. We also talk with our Early Literacy program manager, Anjela Martinez, about Family Place Libraries and how the library provides different resources for families.This episode features the voices of host Beth Kripple, and guests Fred Schumacher, Jim Johnson, and Anjela Martinez. Edited by Dylan Smith and Nancy HuFor more information about our Family Place Libraries in Harris County, Please visit: www.hcpl.net/Created by the Podcast Team at the Harris County Public Library.www.hcpl.netPodcast Team Members include: Beth Krippel, John Harbaugh, Mary Mink, Lana Sell, Ellen Kaluza, Sadina Shawver, Gisella Parker, Kara Ludwig, Delaney Daly, Jennifer Finch, Katelyn Helberg, Logan Tuttle, Darcy Casavant, Darla Pruitt and Nancy Hu Original Music created by Bryan Kratish

Host: Cory ShortReady for a rollercoaster ride of emotions, music, and personal revelations? Join us as we sit down with Matt Mittan, a man whose life has been shaped by family, adoption, civic engagement and a deep love for music. He takes us on a journey through his unique experiences, sharing stories about his own adoption, his son Aaron, who is now part of the family business, and his youngest son Andrew, who's still finding his own way. We also chat about his teen stepdaughter Zoe, a rising star across various media platforms.You're in for a surprise as Matt unfolds his personal journey of tracking down his biological mother, which led to an astonishing revelation - that his father is a legendary singer/songwriter/musician. As we dive deeper, we recount the fascinating tale of validation, perspective and realignment that these discoveries inspired.But there's more, as we delve into the profound impact of tracing and connecting with one's biological lineage. Matt's encounter with his biological father, their shared faith, and his experiences in the music industry brought about a new understanding of his own life, decisions, and the importance Matt placed on family. Meanwhile, Matt shares his gratitude for the opportunities he's had, emphasizing the power of pursuing dreams and being true to oneself. It's a conversation filled with personal discoveries and inspiring insights you won't want to miss!Be sure to visit BizRadio.US to discover hundreds more engaging conversations, local events and more.Support the show

My husband and I have a blended family.  A daughter each from previous marriages, 1 biological daughter, and 3 adopted boys.  We experienced a parent's biggest fear when we witnessed the accident that took our oldest daughter's life. We had to learn to parent to our grieving kids, while also grieving ourselves.  My book Victorious Heart details our story and offers helpful encouragement to others who are walking in grief.  IN HER WORDS: My name is Kim Peacock.  God has rescued me from myself more times than I can count, and I'm so thankful for His infinite grace and mercy in my life. My husband Larry and I have six amazingly, unique kids who have brought beautiful color to our lives.  Some of those kids are now gifting us with grandkids, who have us completely wrapped around their little fingers.  In 1998 our oldest daughter Nicole was killed in a tragic off-roading accident. When Nicole went to Heaven, darkness invaded our world, and we wondered if our family would survive the crushing pain of grief.  As we grappled through our sorrow, we learned how to live in the "new normal" of life without Nicole.  It was in that journey that God gave me the passion for living Victoriously in grief and helping others to do the same.   FIND HER HERE:  wildvictoriousheart.com  https://www.facebook.com/kimpeacockvictoriousheart  https://www.instagram.com/victoriousheart/ --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/becoming-parents/message

On this edition of TMWS, we are focusing on two families. The first is the McCrary family as they are now working on their third adoption with the help of Sacred Selections. Steven McCrary will be sharing about their effort and the support they have received so far. After that, I'll have Daniel Teichmiller. Daniel was a co-worker of 6-year-old Grayson's dad who recently passed away. Daniel organized a fundraiser to help Grayson and his grandparents as they will now be responsible for his care. I hope you will listen and share this show with others.

On this edition of TMWS, we are focusing on two families. The first is the McCrary family as they are now working on their third adoption with the help of Sacred Selections. Steven McCrary will be sharing about their effort and the support they have received so far. After that, I'll have Daniel Teichmiller. Daniel was a co-worker of 6-year-old Grayson's dad who recently passed away. Daniel organized a fundraiser to help Grayson and his grandparents as they will now be responsible for his care. I hope you will listen and share this show with others.

On today's MADM, I'll again be highlighting the McCrary family's adoption effort with Sam White. Sponsor: J. Calvert Farms

Colin and Russ wade into the public dispute playing out between former NFL offensive lineman Michael Oher and the Touhy family, who were the subject of a 2009 blockbuster movie called The Blind Side.  Michael claims that the movie did not accurately portray what really happened with the Touhy's, because he was never adopted by them.  He has filed a petition to end a conservatorship by which the Touhy family have been controlling his financial affairs.  The Touhy family has also responded to these allegations.  We break it all down here.  Plus, Colin and Russ reveal their favorite Sandra Bullock movies, play Is This Legal, and of course a brand new DCOTW.  Check it out!

It has always been God's intention to include all people as part of His family through faith in Christ. The Father has adopted us into His family, giving us His Spirit to affirm that we are His children. In Him we find identity, inheritance, intimacy and insight into the things He has freely given us.

“In that adult decision, came adult sized consequences.” – LaQuita MonleyTeenage pregnancy, making the hard decisions, success when the school system is against you, a lunch break wedding, 5 children later, the military life, years of personal and relational unrest, and how a Subway footlong meatball marinara extra cheese with bacon sub changed lives forever. All of these real life scenarios were not only experienced by today's guest, but overcome. See how she did it, and more importantly, how you can too. Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to the LaQuita Monley story!  GUEST BIO: LaQuita Monley wears many hats. In addition to being a devoted wife, mother of 5 and grandmother of 5, she also operates in purpose and expertise as a savvy real estate investor, transformational coach, teacher, trainer, and international speaker certified with The John Maxwell Team. From the United Kingdom to Kenya, Germany, and back to the United States, LaQuita's mantle is to charge others with the task of progressing into the best version of themselves. La'Quita loves to equip individuals, organizations, and ministries to unlock their full potential and live out their mission in the most authentic way. EPISODE PROUDLY SPONSORED BY: Ascend 2 Glory: Sales & Marketing Video GuideHanging Out with David Pasqualone & Friends Podcast SHOW NOTES, GUEST CONTACT INFO, SPECIAL OFFERS, & OTHER RESOURCES MENTIONED:Guest Contact Info:https://www.laquitamonley.com/https://www.linkedin.com/in/laquitamonley/https://www.facebook.com/LMMonleyhttps://www.instagram.com/laquita_monley/https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCfc5jdUSc4GrwY-67HcuLjwhttps://twitter.com/laquitamonley1https://www.spreaker.com/show/laquita-s-toolbox Remarkable People Podcast Listener Special Offer(s):https://calendly.com/laquitamonley/remarkable-people-podcast Resources Mentioned:   HOW TO SUPPORT THE REMARKABLE PEOPLE PODCAST:Share the Podcast or specific episodes with your family, friends, and co-workersSubscribe, Rate, & Review  us on YouTube, Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or your favorite Podcast PlayerSponsor an Episode or Donate what you can financially to help us continue to bring great content that inspires you and people like you around the world! HAVE A QUESTION?Click Here to Connect with David THE NOT-SO-FINE-PRINT DISCLAIMER: While we are very thankful for all of our guests, please understand that we do not necessarily hold or endorse the same beliefs, views, and positions that they may have. We respectfully agree to disagree in some areas, and thank God for the blessing and privilege of free will.Support the show

His been called corky, crazy and freaky! He's your favorite podcast host, sorry Don lemon, sorry Joe Rogan, it's Alex Woody ! Alex jokes about his week and jokes about what's going on in the news. Follow him on Instagram for live standup comedy dates and content @ _alexwoodycomedyFollow Alex on Twitter @AlexWoodyComedy on Instagram @_alexwoodycomedyBeats provided by White Wolf Muzic @whitewolf1000 on InstagramBrought to you by Silver Tongue AudioFollow us on Twitter @SilverTongueCA We're now on Spotify, but I'm sure you already knew that!We're on Google Play! Tell your Android friends!

When closed doors usher in frustration, disappointment and grief, we can look to scripture to find stories of hope to help us press on. My friend, Somer Colbert, has personally walked the path of adoption grief and is sharing hope she found in the scriptures. C A N D A C E C O F E R author + speaker website | spotify | instagram | facebook

In the latest episode of our Modern Family podcast, led by Associates Sarah Infante and George Irving, Dr John Simmonds OBE from CoramBAAF was invited to discuss the adoption and foster care system in the UK.John is a qualified social worker with substantial experience in child protection, family placement and residential care settings. He is responsible for CoramBAAF's contribution to the development of policy and practice in social work, health, the law, and research.John shared his own experience of adopting his two children over 40 years ago. The discussion focused on questions of identity that adopted children face as they grow older, and advice for parents to prevent adoptions from breaking down, particularly the age of social media and the internet.

There are a lot of misconceptions around adoption. What actually makes family, family? We have been conditioned to believe that blood relations and genetics are the only things that ensure family ties. But is blood always thicker than water? When it comes to adoption, there's more than meets the eye. Listen in as Whitney Lauritsen and Wendy Hayes, self-published author of The Heart That Silence Built, talk about how adoption comes into play with child protection, family relations, and healing relational trauma. Love the show? Subscribe, rate, review, and share!Here's How »Join the This Might Get Uncomfortable community today:wellevatr.comWellevatr FacebookWellevatr TwitterWellevatr Instagram

Happy New Years! To celebrate we are sharing one of our favorite stories from this year! Here we meet the Morningstar family and hear about their amazing journey!

Adrienne Crawford discusses the process that led them to adopt MicahSupport the show (http://cash.app/$thevillagechurch)

Welcome to The Big Impact Ep 241 as we talk with Amazon best-selling author, Jennifer Shaw about her new book and family story - Dumplings Mean Family. As a Compassion International artist visiting orphanages overseas, Jennifer Shaw and her husband learned that children who were older or had medical issues were rarely adopted and spent their entire childhoods in orphanages. These heart-breaking experiences led them to purposefully adopt three elementary-aged children with health challenges. In her #1 Amazon best-selling children's book, DUMPLINGS MEAN FAMILY, Jennifer Shaw shares how her family of five grew to eight in less than two years as she and her husband adopted three children from China. Jennifer's story was featured in an article for Tucker Carlson's Daily Caller about International Adoption. She is currently doing in person and virtual author visits to public schools, visiting over 10,000 children just this fall to talk about her DUMPLINGS MEAN FAMILY book. ---- BECOME A BIG IMPACT "INSIDER" We need your help to continue presenting the Big Impact each week. You can now share a MONTHLY gift via PATREON  or make a ONE TIME donation via PAYPAL BIG IMPACT VIDEO CHANNEL - You'll find free VIDEOS of our podcast interviews HERE SUBSCRIBE to the Big Impact Podcast for free! Apple - Google - Stitcher - Spotify - iHeart

Every child deserves a loving family. Being part of the human family means stepping in for those who are vulnerable and sharing hope even in the worst of circumstances. This is why adoption is an essential part of the pro-life movement. At Americans United for Life, we advance the human right to life in culture, law, and policy, and it is through partners on the ground that we take daily steps in a pro-life direction. Today, we are excited to hear the story of Lifeline Children's Services, a partner that is providing hope to thousands of families and children around the world. Lifeline is the largest international adoption agency in America, serving families in all 50 states and abroad. Lifeline's efforts start at home, here in the US, where their services connect mothers facing unplanned pregnancies with resources, options counseling, and if they desire, families who are seeking to adopt. Learn more about Lifeline Children's Services here: https://lifelinechild.org/

In this episode, Barry Farah explains how Texas recently passed the most pro-life, anti-abortion law in the nation. The legislation was introduced in the Texas legislature, passed into law in May and the Supreme Court affirmed that the law will stand. Barry describes the implications of this law and the powerful opportunity that women with unplanned pregnancies have to choose life and adoption for their child. Barry and Tamra Farah share their personal family story of adoption and the joy they share with their children because their bio moms had the courage to choose life.

Founder Aaron Johnson of Nonprofit WAT (We Adoption Too) Black Family Adoption Assistance speaks about his mission to help Black families adopt. www.watadoptions.org --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/youngblackwidowed/message

Join us in welcoming Ryan Brockington on the pod as he shares his story to becoming a father, adoption and same sex parenting. This intimate conversation is unfiltered, insightful and affirms that families aren't just the ones we are born into but the ones we create. You can follow Ryan Brockington on Instagram @RyBrockington, listen to his podcast BFFU Best Friends Forever University https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bffu-best-friends-forever-university/id1502309366 and purchase his book Daddy & Dada on Amazon https://www.amazon.com/Daddy-Dada-Ryan-Brockington/dp/0316427020/ref=sr_1_2?dchild=1&keywords=DADDY+AND+DADA&qid=1620751208&sr=8-2 You can follow us on Instagram @MomhoodShow @BrandiMilloy @OrlyShani and by joining our private Momhood FB group. We are so grateful to have you in this community. See you next week!

On this edition of The Mary Faye Headrick Good Deed Segment, we are highlighting the subject of adoption! Joining me in the first segment is Jeremy & Tiffany Burns who are sharing their adoption experience through Sacred Selections and their desire to help other families, including the Carswell family in their adoption effort. After that conversation, I will have Anastasia Carswell on the show to talk about her and her husband's effort to adopt and how Sacred Selections is helping them on this journey. Following that, we will have a brand new episode of "Your Friend, Lisa Ann" from Lisa Ann Posey. Listen & share.

Jay talks with Laurie & Garrett MacLeod about what is means to be foster care parents and the process of adopting children. 

In this episode of the podcast, we had the joy of chatting with Jennifer from the Darling I Love It blog, which is a platform that features Jennifer’s incredible interior styling skills, her heart for adoption, and her inspirational encouragement. In this conversation we talked about the importance of a peaceful space, the beauty of adoption, the meaning of family, and practical style. To find out more about Jennifer and to see her drool-worthy lifestyle shots, you can visit her website at http://www.darlingiloveit.com/.

Kayla Craig is a mother, author, podcaster, journalist, and so much more. She and her husband lead a diverse family made up of four beautiful children -- including two adopted kiddos and one with Down Syndrome! After realizing how curious other kids were about her unique family, she put pen to paper and decided to write “Just Really Joseph,” a book to help young children understand what really makes a family. Today, Kayla is sharing about her motherhood journey, her daughter's experience with infantile spasms, and how to have hard conversations about faith. We're also touching on ethical and safe adoption, white savior complex, and the reasons people actually pursue international adoption. __ Keep up Kayla + her family on Instagram @kayla_craig and @liturgiesforparents Read Just Really Joseph by Kayla Craig Listen to the Upside Down Podcast Visit Kayla's website for more info! LET'S CHAT Email hello@theluckyfewpodcast.com with your questions and Good News for future episodes. HELP US SHIFT THE NARRATIVE Interested in partnering with The Lucky Few Podcast as a sponsor? Email hello@theluckyfewpodcast.com for more information! --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/theluckyfewpod/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/theluckyfewpod/support

One of the arguments that come into light when talking about same-sex marriage and the church is the purpose, marriage role in creating a family, and the role of adoption. This episode talks about each of those things and explains why the church preaches what it does. To get a copy of the script, go to https://arianaaragon.wordpress.com/marriage-family-adoption-and-the-gays/

November is National Adoption Awareness Month. The LGBTQ community is more likely than the general population to be adoptive parents. The costs associated with adoption can range from foster care adoptions with many of the costs being covered by the local foster care system, to infant adoption with a birth mother, which can be much more. How can you prepare? We've invited Adrienne Elliott of Adoption Options to help explain the process and options for prospective LGBTQ parents.

During his invasion of Creek Indian territory in 1813, future U.S. president Andrew Jackson discovered a Creek infant orphaned by his troops. Moved by an “unusual sympathy,” Jackson sent the child to be adopted into his Tennessee plantation household. Through the stories of nearly a dozen white adopters, adopted Indian children, and their Native parents, Dawn Peterson opens a window onto the forgotten history of adoption in early nineteenth-century America. Indians in the Family shows the important role that adoption played in efforts to subdue Native peoples in the name of nation-building.As the United States aggressively expanded into Indian territories between 1790 and 1830, government officials stressed the importance of assimilating Native peoples into what they styled the United States' “national family.” White households who adopted Indians—especially slaveholding Southern planters influenced by leaders such as Jackson—saw themselves as part of this expansionist project. They hoped to inculcate in their young charges U.S. attitudes toward private property, patriarchal family, and racial hierarchy.U.S. whites were not the only ones driving this process. Choctaw, Creek, and Chickasaw families sought to place their sons in white households, to be educated in the ways of U.S. governance and political economy. But there were unintended consequences for all concerned. As adults, these adopted Indians used their educations to thwart U.S. federal claims to their homelands, setting the stage for the political struggles that would culminate in the Indian Removal Act of 1830.Dawn Peterson is Assistant Professor of History at Emory University. She received her Ph.D. in American Studies from New York University in 2011, her MA from the same institution in 2007, and her BA from Barnard College in 1999. In her research, she considers the roles of race, gender, and kinship in the history of U.S. capitalism, settler colonialism, and slavery, particularly in the post-Revolutionary period. Her first book is Indians in the Family: Adoption and the Politics of Antebellum Expansion.

Dawn Peterson speaks about her latest book Indians in the Family: Adoption and the Politics of Antebellum Expansion. Peterson speaks on U.S. Imperialism, the context of adoption, the ramping up of capitalism in the colonial era, indigenous resistance, the ongoing thread of humanitarian intervention being used for imperialism, and children being separated at the border. Music by AwareNess, follow him on Instagram, Spotify or Soundcloud.  For more content, follow me on Instagram Please support the podcast on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/timetalks

During his invasion of Creek Indian territory in 1813, future U.S. president Andrew Jackson discovered a Creek infant orphaned by his troops. Moved by an “unusual sympathy,” Jackson sent the child to be adopted into his Tennessee plantation household. Through the stories of nearly a dozen white adopters, adopted Indian children, and their Native parents, Dawn Peterson opens a window onto the forgotten history of adoption in early nineteenth-century America.  Indians in the Family: Adoption and the Politics of Antebellum Expansion (Harvard University Press, 2017) shows the important role that adoption played in efforts to subdue Native peoples in the name of nation-building. As the United States aggressively expanded into Indian territories between 1790 and 1830, government officials stressed the importance of assimilating Native peoples into what they styled the United States’ “national family.” White households who adopted Indians—especially slaveholding Southern planters influenced by leaders such as Jackson—saw themselves as part of this expansionist project. They hoped to inculcate in their young charges U.S. attitudes toward private property, patriarchal family, and racial hierarchy. U.S. whites were not the only ones driving this process. Choctaw, Creek, and Chickasaw families sought to place their sons in white households, to be educated in the ways of U.S. governance and political economy. But there were unintended consequences for all concerned. As adults, these adopted Indians used their educations to thwart U.S. federal claims to their homelands, setting the stage for the political struggles that would culminate in the Indian Removal Act of 1830. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

During his invasion of Creek Indian territory in 1813, future U.S. president Andrew Jackson discovered a Creek infant orphaned by his troops. Moved by an “unusual sympathy,” Jackson sent the child to be adopted into his Tennessee plantation household. Through the stories of nearly a dozen white adopters, adopted Indian children, and their Native parents, Dawn Peterson opens a window onto the forgotten history of adoption in early nineteenth-century America.  Indians in the Family: Adoption and the Politics of Antebellum Expansion (Harvard University Press, 2017) shows the important role that adoption played in efforts to subdue Native peoples in the name of nation-building. As the United States aggressively expanded into Indian territories between 1790 and 1830, government officials stressed the importance of assimilating Native peoples into what they styled the United States’ “national family.” White households who adopted Indians—especially slaveholding Southern planters influenced by leaders such as Jackson—saw themselves as part of this expansionist project. They hoped to inculcate in their young charges U.S. attitudes toward private property, patriarchal family, and racial hierarchy. U.S. whites were not the only ones driving this process. Choctaw, Creek, and Chickasaw families sought to place their sons in white households, to be educated in the ways of U.S. governance and political economy. But there were unintended consequences for all concerned. As adults, these adopted Indians used their educations to thwart U.S. federal claims to their homelands, setting the stage for the political struggles that would culminate in the Indian Removal Act of 1830. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

During his invasion of Creek Indian territory in 1813, future U.S. president Andrew Jackson discovered a Creek infant orphaned by his troops. Moved by an “unusual sympathy,” Jackson sent the child to be adopted into his Tennessee plantation household. Through the stories of nearly a dozen white adopters, adopted Indian children, and their Native parents, Dawn Peterson opens a window onto the forgotten history of adoption in early nineteenth-century America.  Indians in the Family: Adoption and the Politics of Antebellum Expansion (Harvard University Press, 2017) shows the important role that adoption played in efforts to subdue Native peoples in the name of nation-building. As the United States aggressively expanded into Indian territories between 1790 and 1830, government officials stressed the importance of assimilating Native peoples into what they styled the United States’ “national family.” White households who adopted Indians—especially slaveholding Southern planters influenced by leaders such as Jackson—saw themselves as part of this expansionist project. They hoped to inculcate in their young charges U.S. attitudes toward private property, patriarchal family, and racial hierarchy. U.S. whites were not the only ones driving this process. Choctaw, Creek, and Chickasaw families sought to place their sons in white households, to be educated in the ways of U.S. governance and political economy. But there were unintended consequences for all concerned. As adults, these adopted Indians used their educations to thwart U.S. federal claims to their homelands, setting the stage for the political struggles that would culminate in the Indian Removal Act of 1830. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

During his invasion of Creek Indian territory in 1813, future U.S. president Andrew Jackson discovered a Creek infant orphaned by his troops. Moved by an “unusual sympathy,” Jackson sent the child to be adopted into his Tennessee plantation household. Through the stories of nearly a dozen white adopters, adopted Indian children, and their Native parents, Dawn Peterson opens a window onto the forgotten history of adoption in early nineteenth-century America.  Indians in the Family: Adoption and the Politics of Antebellum Expansion (Harvard University Press, 2017) shows the important role that adoption played in efforts to subdue Native peoples in the name of nation-building. As the United States aggressively expanded into Indian territories between 1790 and 1830, government officials stressed the importance of assimilating Native peoples into what they styled the United States’ “national family.” White households who adopted Indians—especially slaveholding Southern planters influenced by leaders such as Jackson—saw themselves as part of this expansionist project. They hoped to inculcate in their young charges U.S. attitudes toward private property, patriarchal family, and racial hierarchy. U.S. whites were not the only ones driving this process. Choctaw, Creek, and Chickasaw families sought to place their sons in white households, to be educated in the ways of U.S. governance and political economy. But there were unintended consequences for all concerned. As adults, these adopted Indians used their educations to thwart U.S. federal claims to their homelands, setting the stage for the political struggles that would culminate in the Indian Removal Act of 1830. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Think more at ThinkThroughIt.org

In this message we are going to look at the amazing truth that we can be adopted into the family of God. We are adopted by a God who loves us, has chosen us, and never gives up on us. This is also our Sunday to celebrate the work of those who have fostered and adopted children. This powerfully illustrates what God wants to do for us.

Guest: James Derk From 1997-2001, the Derk’s adopted seven children, six of whom were siblings from Hungary. Hear about how they set out to adopt them and the maze they encountered. The post Large Family Adoption appeared first on Let's Talk Adoption.

Ps Tim Ballantyne - Sunday 09 February 2014

There are many ways to make a family - through pregnancy, via adoption or by blending existing families - and in this episode we're taking a closer look at adoption. There are many ways, too, to adopt - as an infant or teen, internationally or from right here in Alaska! Those who choose to adopt will have many questions about the process and we'll be learning about adoption all throughout the week. IN-STUDIO GUESTS: To continue the conversation in the second installment of our ongoing Starting a Family series, three special guests join host Shana Sheehy in the studio to discuss adoption in Alaska: Sarah Blanning is the Coordinator for the Infant Adoption program and the Waiting Child program at Catholic Social Services of Alaska. Dr. Susan Bomalaski is the Executive Director of Catholic Social Services of Alaska where she oversees all of the programs offered, including the Infant Adoption program, the International Adoption program, and the Foster Care / Adoption programs. KariLee Pietz is the Social Service Program Officer that oversees the the Resource Family Unit at the Alaska Office of Children’s Services where she works with foster and adoptive famlies.