Podcasts about Sumi

How many partners have they really had?

Want to become the best version of yourself? It's not just about what you do—it's also about what you stop doing. In this powerful and eye-opening video, we break down the 3 toxic habits that are silently holding you back from reaching your full potential. Whether you're chasing success, self-confidence, or inner peace, cutting these things out is non-negotiable. Get ready to face the truth, make a change, and unlock the unstoppable version of YOU.

Comienzo esta temporada contándote todo lo que he estudiado que me ha formado a lo largo de 21 años en el campo holístico. En el próximo episodio tedejaré lo que significa mi nombre espiritual, así me vas conociendo más.  Más descubre lo que tengo para ti

Al comprar un chip para celular será obligatorio registrar la CURP  La meningitis puede dejar  secuelas graves  Rusia anunció una "zona de seguridad" en Sumi y Járkov   Más información en nuestro podcast

I never set out to be a dating coach. In fact, becoming one was the last thing I expected. But one unexpected moment changed everything—and it pushed me down a path that's helped not just me, but countless others struggling with love, confidence, and connection.In this video, I share the raw, honest story of how I became a dating coach, the challenges I faced, and why I'm so passionate about helping others navigate modern dating.

Descubre lo que tengo para ti

Is he really as good as he seems? Or is it too good to be true? In today's video, we're diving into the green flags—the signs that he's emotionally available, respectful, and ready for a healthy relationship.

You can like someone with your whole heart, but if they don't feel the same... it doesn't change the outcome. In this video, we talk about the painful truth behind one-sided feelings — when you're all in, and they're just… not.Whether it's dating, friendship, or someone you thought was the one, here's why your feelings alone aren't enough to make it work — and what you can do to protect your heart without losing yourself in the process.

You seriously won't believe these dating videos. From awkward first impressions to totally unexpected moments, I'm diving headfirst into the wildest viral dating clips the internet has to offer. Whether it's reality TV chaos, cringe-worthy confessions, or just plain weird behavior, it's all here. Grab some popcorn and join me as I react, laugh, and try to make sense of modern dating.

In today's episode of Psych Talk I chat with Dr. Sumi Raghavan, PhD, licensed clinical psychologist about burnout. Dr. Sumi starts the episode by discussing her journey into specializing in burnout. She defines what burnout is, with a specific focus on the aspects of cynicism and loss of meaning. Dr. Sumi then goes on to discuss burnout from a systems lens and discusses stressors and circumstances BIPOC folx, specifically, may experience that contribute to burnout. We then discuss burnout prevention from a systemic, organizational, and individual level.Connect with Dr. Sumi:IG: @drsumiphdWebsite: www.drsumiphd.comConnect with Me:Follow me on IG ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@jessicaleighphd⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Follow the podcast on IG ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@psych.talk.podcast⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Follow me on TikTok ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@jessicaleighphd⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Follow me on ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Youtube⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Follow me on Threads ⁠⁠@jessicaleighphd⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Welcome to Group Therapy Podcast⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Join my Facebook community: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Grow Through What You Go Through⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Ways to Work With Me:⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Mind Over Matter⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠LGBTQ+ Affirming Masterclass⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Be a guest on my podcast⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Resources:⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Anti-Racism Resources⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠LGBTQ+ Affirming Resources⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠The Helping Professional's Guide to Boundary Setting⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Intro/Outro Music⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Life of Riley⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ by Kevin MacLeod⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Music License⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

Your phone isn't just distracting you—it's changing you. In this video, we explore how excessive cellphone use is affecting your brain, attention span, mood, and even your ability to connect with others. From dopamine addiction to digital burnout, learn the science behind your screen habits—and what you can do to break free.

Does your sexual past define your worth in love — or should it?In this video, we dive deep into one of the most controversial questions in modern dating: Does body count actually matter? Whether it's personal values, societal judgment, or double standards between men and women, this topic brings out strong opinions — and we're not holding back.

Kazuo Sumi, former president and chairman of railway operator Hankyu Hanshin Holdings Inc., died at his house in the city of Takarazuka, Hyogo Prefecture, western Japan, on April 26, it was learned Wednesday. He was 76.

He gave her his loyalty for two years… and then found out the truth.In this video, we react to several TikToks showing one of the most shocking and painful betrayals: a man discovering his girlfriend cheated after a 2-year relationship. From emotional breakdowns to jaw-dropping confessions, we break down the red flags, the reactions, and the real lessons behind these viral moments.

We all know haters exist… but what if there's more to it than just negativity?

LIKE, COMMENT, SHARE, SUBSCRIBE For More Guest Podcasts Like This!Connect with Mr Organik!Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/mrorganik/

Lies destroy trust—and once that trust is gone, so is the relationship. In this video, we dive into the emotional toll of dealing with liars and why it's so important to protect your peace by walking away from people who can't be honest with you.Whether it's a friend, partner, or even a family member, knowing when to let go is a powerful act of self-respect. You deserve honesty. You deserve loyalty. You deserve better.

If you want to join the top 1%, it's not just about working harder — it's about thinking, acting, and living differently. In this video, we break down the exact mindset shifts, habits, and strategies you need to separate yourself from the crowd. Success isn't reserved for a lucky few — it's built by those who commit to a different standard. Are you ready to level up?

Em outubro de 2009, a família Jamison — Bobby, Sherilynn e a pequena Madyson — desapareceu misteriosamente durante uma viagem para avaliar um terreno remoto nas montanhas de Oklahoma, onde pretendiam começar uma nova vida. Dias depois, sua caminhonete foi encontrada abandonada, trancada e repleta de pertences pessoais, incluindo uma grande quantia em dinheiro e o cachorro da família, desnutrido mas vivo. Nenhum sinal de luta ou explicação aparente foi encontrado.O caso ganhou contornos ainda mais sombrios com relatos de comportamentos estranhos, conflitos familiares, supostos envolvimentos com ocultismo e ameaças de terceiros. Após quatro anos de buscas infrutíferas, os restos mortais dos três foram localizados em uma floresta próxima, mas o estado avançado de decomposição impediu a determinação da causa das mortes.Até hoje, o desaparecimento e a morte dos Jamison permanecem sem solução, alimentando teorias e especulações sobre crime, acidente, suicídio ou até mesmo causas sobrenaturais. O caso é considerado um dos maiores mistérios criminais dos Estados Unidos.O que realmente aconteceu com os Jamison?Isso e muito mais, é o que iremos investigar hoje, aqui no Agentes do Tarot.

Feeling productive but getting nowhere?You're not alone. In this video, we dive into the illusion of progress—when you're constantly busy but not actually moving forward. From endless to-do lists to mindless "grind" routines, it's easy to get stuck in the trap of motion without meaning.If you're tired of spinning your wheels, this is your wake-up call. Learn how to spot fake progress, escape the productivity hamster wheel, and start making real moves toward your goals.Don't just stay busy. Start being effective.

Yep, you read that right. A viral TikTok is sparking MAJOR debate after a creator claimed that women should be using men financially — and people have opinions. Is this empowerment? Is it exploitation? Or is it just the harsh truth of modern dating?In this video, we react, unpack the mindset, and dive into what this really says about relationships in 2025.

Let's talk real for a second — in a world where everyone's demanding value, what are YOU actually offering? In this video, we break down the brutal truth about relationships, careers, friendships, and self-worth. This isn't just a rant — it's a reality check.

Looking to boost your income or finally start that dream side hustle? In this video, I break down the top 8 trending side hustles for 2025 — whether you're a student, a 9-5 warrior, or just tired of the same old grind, there's something in here for you.From AI-powered gigs to low-investment passive income ideas, these side hustles are realistic, future-proof, and ready to help you stack that cash this year.

Everyone tells you to "follow your dreams"—but no one talks about what it really takes to make them come true. This isn't the fairy tale version. This is the raw, unfiltered truth: chasing your dreams will cost you comfort, time, relationships, and sometimes your mental peace.In this video, we break down the sacrifices, the loneliness, the pressure, and the brutal decisions you have to make if you're serious about building the life you want. Success isn't just about talent or passion—it's about endurance, obsession, and pain tolerance✅ Work with Sumi 1-on-1

The 5 Dating Mistakes Women Keep Making  If you're a woman and you're dating — and not seeing success — you're probably making some mistakes.The problem isn't you, it's that you were never taught how to date properly.In this video, we break down the 5 most common dating mistakes women keep making — and how to stop repeating them. Whether you're single, recently back on the market, or stuck in the same dating loop, this one's for you.Expect hard truths, practical advice, and a little tough love — all aimed at helping you date smarter and attract what you actually want. Work with Sumi 1-on-1 https://www.sumedhbasani.com/booking-page Listen to the Thoughtcast Podcast• Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/thoughtcast/id1595637667• Spotify: https://creators.spotify.com/pod/show/thoughtcastofficial Follow Me on Socials• Instagram (Sumi): https://www.instagram.com/sumedhbasani• Instagram (TeamBasani): https://www.instagram.com/teambasani• TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@teambasani Subscribe to My YouTube Channel:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzRgyUlzp7essYJtuIDx2eQ

Tired of crashing in the middle of the day?I used to hit a wall every afternoon — low energy, low focus, and zero motivation. Now? I stay locked in, productive, and sharp from morning to night.In this video, I break down exactly how I manage my energy:✅ My nap strategy✅ Nutrition/hydration timing✅ Light exposure & movement✅ Mental resets that ACTUALLY workIf you're always dragging yourself through the second half of the day… this might change your life.

Fluent Fiction - Korean: Mystery at Namsan: Teens Tackle Tower's Tech Trouble Find the full episode transcript, vocabulary words, and more:fluentfiction.com/ko/episode/2025-04-18-22-34-02-ko Story Transcript:Ko: 봄의 따뜻한 공기와 활짝 핀 벚꽃이 서울을 감싸고 있었습니다.En: The warm spring air and fully bloomed cherry blossoms surrounded Seoul.Ko: 남산 서울타워는 늘 그렇듯 많은 관광객으로 붐볐습니다.En: As always, Namsan Seoul Tower was bustling with tourists.Ko: 어느 날, 지호와 수미는 그곳에서 만나 새로운 모험을 시작하게 되었습니다.En: One day, Jiho and Sumi met there to embark on a new adventure.Ko: 지호는 기술에 관심이 많고 문제 해결에 열정적이었습니다.En: Jiho was interested in technology and passionate about problem-solving.Ko: 수미는 역사에 관심이 많았고, 그런 지호를 항상 지지해주었습니다.En: Sumi had a keen interest in history and always supported Jiho.Ko: 그날, 타워 주변의 모든 통신 장치가 이상하게 작동했습니다.En: That day, all the communication devices around the tower began acting strangely.Ko: 지호의 스마트폰도 말썽을 부리기 시작했습니다.En: Jiho's smartphone also started misbehaving.Ko: "이건 단순한 문제는 아닌 것 같아. 뭔가 숨겨진 이유가 있을 거야." 지호는 진지하게 말했습니다.En: "This doesn't seem like a simple issue. There must be a hidden reason," Jiho said seriously.Ko: 수미는 걱정스럽게 말했습니다. "우리 이 문제를 해결해볼까? 나도 궁금해졌어."En: Sumi spoke worriedly, "Shall we try to solve this problem? I'm curious too."Ko: 두 사람은 타워의 보안 담당자 대원을 찾아갔습니다.En: The two went to find the security officer of the tower.Ko: 대원은 처음에 그들을 의심의 눈초리로 바라보았습니다.En: Initially, the officer eyed them suspiciously.Ko: "젊은 친구들, 이건 아이들이 할 일이 아니야."En: "Young friends, this is not something kids should handle."Ko: 지호는 굴하지 않고 말했다. "우리가 도울 수 있어요. 뭐가 문제인지 알려주시면 새로운 시각으로 접근할 수 있을 거예요."En: Jiho was undeterred and said, "We can help. If you tell us what's wrong, we can approach it from a new perspective."Ko: 수미도 거들었습니다. "이 사이에서 뭔가 역사를 찾아낼 수도 있는걸요?"En: Sumi chimed in, "We might even discover some history in the process!"Ko: 결국 대원은 자기도 지쳐감을 느꼈고, 두 사람을 믿기로 했습니다.En: Eventually, the officer felt weary and decided to trust them.Ko: 셋은 함께 타워 밑을 조사하기 시작했습니다.En: The three began investigating beneath the tower.Ko: 오래된 지하실을 발견했을 때 그곳에는 오랫동안 방치된 전송기가 있었습니다.En: They discovered an old basement where a long-abandoned transmitter was found.Ko: 그것은 통신을 간섭하고 있었습니다.En: It was interfering with communications.Ko: 지호는 신중하게 해당 장치를 수리했습니다. 수미는 지호의 옆에서 손전등으로 비춰주며 도왔습니다.En: Jiho carefully repaired the device while Sumi helped by shining a flashlight next to him.Ko: 마침내 장치가 정상적으로 작동했고, 모든 문제가 풀렸습니다.En: Finally, the device began to work properly, and all problems were resolved.Ko: 대원은 놀라운 표정으로 말했다. "대단하구나! 정말 너희 덕분이야."En: Astonished, the officer exclaimed, "Amazing! It's really thanks to you!"Ko: 지호는 그날의 경험을 통해 자신감을 얻었습니다.En: Through the experience of that day, Jiho gained confidence.Ko: 그는 팀워크의 중요성을 깨달았습니다.En: He realized the importance of teamwork.Ko: 대원은 젊은이들의 열정과 문제 해결 능력을 칭찬했습니다.En: The officer praised the young people's passion and problem-solving abilities.Ko: 수미의 역사적 호기심은 채워졌고, 그날을 특별한 날로 기억했습니다.En: Sumi's historical curiosity was fulfilled, and she remembered the day as a special one.Ko: 서울의 봄은 다시 평온을 되찾았습니다.En: Seoul's spring returned to its peaceful state.Ko: 남산 서울타워에서 보았던 그 아름다운 전경처럼, 세 사람의 우정도 더욱 깊어졌습니다.En: Like the beautiful view from Namsan Seoul Tower, the friendship among the three deepened even more. Vocabulary Words:bloomed: 활짝 핀bustling: 붐볐다embark: 시작하다problem-solving: 문제 해결keen: 관심이 많은acting: 작동했다misbehaving: 말썽을 부리다hidden: 숨겨진curious: 궁금한suspiciously: 의심의 눈초리로undeterred: 굴하지 않고weary: 지친investigating: 조사하기basement: 지하실transmitter: 전송기interfering: 간섭하다repair: 수리하다shining: 비추다astonished: 놀라운confidence: 자신감teamwork: 팀워크praised: 칭찬했다historical: 역사적curiosity: 호기심peaceful: 평온한perspective: 시각handle: 다루다discover: 발견하다resolved: 풀렸다deepened: 깊어지다

“Alimento dos deuses”. É este o significado do nome científico da árvore do cacau, fruta que serve de matéria-prima do chocolate. O cacau viu seu preço disparar: em dezembro, o valor da tonelada do cacau passou de US$ 11,8 mil. Em dois anos, a alta acumulada é de 185%. A commodity atingiu o maior valor em 50 anos. A disparada impacta diretamente o preço dos ovos de Páscoa, que subiram quase 10% acima da inflação. Uma alta que não é sentida apenas no bolso. Para produzir o chocolate que chega às prateleiras, algumas marcas têm adicionado mais aditivos e açúcar, diminuindo a porcentagem de cacau no produto. Essa alteração muda o gosto do chocolate, e tem reflexos na saúde do consumidor. Para explicar os vários fatores que levaram à disparada do preço do cacau, Alan Severiano conversa com Ricardo Gomes, gerente de desenvolvimento territorial do Instituto Arapyaú, organização voltada para clima e desenvolvimento. Ricardo detalha quais são as oportunidades para o agro brasileiro e como a escassez da fruta afeta a qualidade dos produtos. Depois, Alan conversa com Luciana Monteiro, engenheira de alimentos. Especialista em chocolate, ela explica como o consumidor pode diferenciar o quais produtos são chocolate e quais não são, apesar de aparentar ser.

 Work with Sumi 1-on-1 (Main Link): https://www.sumedhbasani.com/booking-page Listen to the Thoughtcast Podcast:Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/thoughtcast/id1595637667Spotify: https://creators.spotify.com/pod/show/thoughtcastofficial Follow Sumi & TeamBasani on Social Media:Instagram (Sumi): https://www.instagram.com/sumedhbasaniInstagram (TeamBasani): https://www.instagram.com/teambasaniTikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@teambasani

So you want to be a boss in business?

Welcome to a special episode of the podcast where I sits down with my podcast's producer and friend, Lucy Lucraft for our quarterly pod meeting. Join us as we delve into the highlights of the past three months, discussing favorite episodes, key learnings, and Lucy talks about her complex feelings about the term white passing and why white women need to stop complaining about being shadow-banned. Key Takeaways:The episode featuring Jen and Georgia from All Our Relations was a standout, praised for its educational content, invitation to action regarding solidarity with Gaza, and the powerful way Jen communicated a message of inclusivity and hope.*Sumi's episode on DEI in small businesses offered a fresh perspective, emphasizing authentic implementation, vulnerability, and recognizing the protective masks people wear that can hinder inclusivity.The conversation highlighted the importance of recognizing and addressing blind spots in inclusivity, extending beyond race and gender to include accessibility for disabled individuals and those with chronic health issues.A valuable reframe was discussed around getting things wrong in the context of social justice, shifting from fault to responsibility and viewing feedback as an opportunity for growth and learning.Sally's episode on The Portal Collective provided a hopeful and revolutionary perspective on using permaculture principles in business and the power of cross-pollination for collective change.Episode Highlights:00:03- Lucy shares her thoughts on the impactful episode with Jen and Georgia from All Our Relations, highlighting its educational aspect and Jen's inclusive message00:06 - Lucy mentions Sumi's episode on DEI, praising its focus on authentic implementation in small businesses00:09 - Lucy shares her personal blind spot around making her business accessible to disabled people00:12 - Megan discusses a reframe around getting things wrong in social justice work, emphasizing responsibility over fault00:15 - Lucy expresses her appreciation for Sally's episode on The Portal Collective and its hopeful message of collective action00:25 - Lucy explains her reasons for taking a break from social media and her return due to the situation in Gaza About the Guest:Lucy is the producer and editor extraordinaire of the Higher Love with Megan podcast, Building Your Brand, The Good Ship, Can You Hear Me and Do Good & Do Well and you can find her on Instagram and TikTok as well as right here.Episode Links:All Our Relations: https://www.allourrelations.org.uk/Declassified: https://declassifieduk.org/Mondoweiss: https://mondoweiss.net/Novara Media: https://novaramedia.com/The Portal Collective: https://collective.jointheportal.com/End Credits:Connect with Megan:Instagram: ⁠@‌HigherLove_withMegan⁠Website: ⁠www.higher-love.com⁠This episode was written and recorded by me and produced by Lucy Lucraft (lucylucraft.co.uk)If you enjoyed this episode please leave a 5* rating and review!

 Work with Sumi 1-on-1 https://www.sumedhbasani.com/booking-page Listen to the Thoughtcast Podcast• Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/thoughtcast/id1595637667• Spotify: https://creators.spotify.com/pod/show/thoughtcastofficial Follow Me on Socials• Instagram (Sumi): https://www.instagram.com/sumedhbasani• Instagram (TeamBasani): https://www.instagram.com/teambasani• TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@teambasani Subscribe to My YouTube Channel:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzRgyUlzp7essYJtuIDx2eQ

 Work with Sumi 1-on-1 https://www.sumedhbasani.com/booking-page Listen to the Thoughtcast Podcast• Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/thoughtcast/id1595637667• Spotify: https://creators.spotify.com/pod/show/thoughtcastofficial Follow Me on Socials• Instagram (Sumi): https://www.instagram.com/sumedhbasani• Instagram (TeamBasani): https://www.instagram.com/teambasani• TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@teambasani Subscribe to My YouTube Channel:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzRgyUlzp7essYJtuIDx2eQ

Ruski napad na ukrajinsko mesto Sumi, v katerem je bilo ubitih več kot 30 ljudi, je med evropskimi zunanjimi ministri v Luksemburgu sprožil pozive k okrepitvi pomoči Ukrajini. Da je to prava poteza, meni tudi vodja evropske diplomacije Kaja Kallas. Kot dodaja, je treba pritisniti na Rusijo, da bo ustavila to vojno. Nekaj drugih poudarkov oddaje: - Japonska v korak s svetom kljub tradicionalno pacifistični drži stopa s krepitvijo vojaške in vesoljske industrije. - Ljubljanski UKC v svetovnem vrhu robotske kirurgije, ki bolnikom omogoča manj tvegane in manj invazivne posege. - Jezuitski red se je zaradi prepočasnega odzivanja na pritožbe opravičil domnevnim žrtvam zlorab Marka Rupnika.

Zunanji ministri članic Evropske unije so sklenili povečati pritisk na Rusijo, da bi prisilili Vladimirja Putina k pogajanjem o trajnem in pravičnem miru v Ukrajini. Že ob prihodu na zasedanje v Luksemburgu so ostro obsodili včerajšnji ruski raketni napad na mesto Sumi v Ukrajini, v katerem je bilo ubitih več deset civilistov. Glede dogajanja na Zahodnem Balkanu so ministri največ pozornosti namenili ravnanjem predsednika Republike Srbske Milorada Dodika in se strinjali, da je vsakršen poskus razdelitve Bosne in Hercegovine nesprejemljiv. V oddaji tudi: - Integriteta premierja Goloba v povezavi s Subotičem ni ogrožena, zatrjujejo v koaliciji. - Bruselj tudi uradno preložil uvedbo povračilnih ukrepov zaradi ameriških carin. - Za graditev hidroelektrarne v Republiki Srbski večmilijonski dolg do slovenskega podjetja Viadukt; ni jasno, kdo ga bo poplačal.

Ukrajinske sile poročajo o novem ruskem raketnem napadu na mesto Sumi, podrobnosti še niso znane. Včerajšnji napad, v katerem je bilo ubitih 35 ljudi, med njimi civilisti, so ostro obsodili Evropski zunanji ministri ob prihodu na zasedanje v Luksemburgu. Kot so sporočili po koncu srečanja, so sklenili povečati pritisk na Rusijo, da bi prisilili njenega predsednika Vladimirja Putina k pogajanjem o trajnem in pravičnem miru v Ukrajini.

Fluent Fiction - Korean: Butterflies and Blossoms: An Unexpected Flight in Seoul Find the full episode transcript, vocabulary words, and more:fluentfiction.com/ko/episode/2025-04-06-22-34-02-ko Story Transcript:Ko: 서울 성북동 식물원은 봄의 생동감으로 가득했다.En: The Seoul Seongbuk-dong botanical garden was filled with the vibrancy of spring.Ko: 철쭉과 벚꽃은 찬란한 꽃을 피우고, 구불구불한 오솔길은 작은 나비 전시관으로 이어졌다.En: Azaleas and cherry blossoms bloomed brilliantly, and the winding paths led to a small butterfly exhibit.Ko: 수미는 식물원의 나비 전시회 준비를 돕고 있었다.En: Sumi was helping prepare for the butterfly exhibition at the botanical garden.Ko: 어렸을 때부터 꽃과 나비를 좋아했지만, 실수로 나비 떼를 풀어주는 꿈은 꾸지 않았다.En: She had loved flowers and butterflies since she was a child, but she never dreamed of accidentally releasing a swarm of butterflies.Ko: 갑자기 나비망이 열려 많은 나비가 하늘로 날아갔다.En: Suddenly, the butterfly net opened, and many butterflies flew up into the sky.Ko: 수미는 아찔했다.En: Sumi was dizzy with panic.Ko: "어떡하지?" 그녀는 당황했다.En: "What should I do?" she thought, flustered.Ko: 그녀의 친구, 꼼꼼한 식물학자 진이 그런 실수를 용납하지 않을 거라는 두려움이 들었다.En: She feared that her meticulous friend, the botanist Jin, would not tolerate such a mistake.Ko: 하지만 지금은 생각하기에 너무 늦었다.En: However, it was already too late to think about it now.Ko: 조급한 마음으로 수미는 나비를 잡으려 했지만, 그들은 너무 빠르게 날아갔다.En: With a hurried mind, Sumi tried to catch the butterflies, but they flew too quickly.Ko: 그때, 어린 하나가 나타났다.En: Just then, a young girl named Hana appeared.Ko: "나도 도와줄게!" 하나는 환하게 웃으며 말했다.En: "I'll help too!" Hana said with a bright smile.Ko: 그녀의 밝은 에너지는 수미에게 힘을 주었다.En: Her radiant energy gave Sumi strength.Ko: 수미는 용기를 내어 진에게도 도움을 청했다.En: Gathering her courage, Sumi also asked Jin for help.Ko: "진, 미안해. 나비들을 잡아야 해. 도와줄 수 있어?"En: "Jin, I'm sorry. We need to catch the butterflies. Can you help?"Ko: 처음엔 조금 화가 난 것처럼 보였지만, 진은 너그럽게 고개를 끄덕였다.En: At first, Jin seemed a bit upset, but then nodded kindly.Ko: "확실히, 우리가 같이 해보자."En: "Sure, let's do it together."Ko: 세 사람은 빠르게 움직였다.En: The three of them moved swiftly.Ko: 수미는 하나와 함께 나비를 유인했고, 진은 꼼꼼히 나비망을 준비했다.En: Sumi and Hana lured the butterflies while Jin meticulously prepared the butterfly net.Ko: 그들은 힘을 합쳐 나비들을 잡기 시작했다.En: Together, they began capturing the butterflies.Ko: 마침내, 마지막 남은 나비가 하나의 코끝에 앉자 모두 크게 웃음을 터뜨렸다.En: Finally, when the last butterfly perched on Hana's nose, they all burst into laughter.Ko: 식물원의 직원들은 전체 상황을 알게 되었다.En: The staff at the botanical garden learned about the entire situation.Ko: 오히려 이 사건 덕분에 전시회를 더 많은 사람들이 관심을 가질 수 있다고 칭찬했다.En: Rather, they praised it as it had attracted more people to the exhibition.Ko: "덕분에 새로운 시작이네요," 직원이 말했다.En: "Thanks to you, it's a new beginning," an employee said.Ko: 수미는 진짜 친구들이 있다는 사실에 마음이 한결 가벼워졌다.En: Sumi felt relieved knowing she had real friends.Ko: 그날 세 사람은 식물원 근처 아이스크림 가게에 갔다.En: That day, the three of them went to an ice cream shop near the botanical garden.Ko: 수미는 깨달았다. 실수를 인정하고 친구에게 도움을 요청하는 것이 부끄러운 일이 아니었다.En: Sumi realized that admitting a mistake and asking friends for help was not something to be ashamed of.Ko: 진도 때로는 완벽하지 않아도 괜찮다고 느꼈다.En: Jin also felt that it was okay to not always be perfect.Ko: 웃음을 나눈 이 순간들이야말로 가장 완벽한 기억임을 깨달은 것이다.En: They understood that these moments filled with laughter were the most perfect memories. Vocabulary Words:botanical: 식물원vibrancy: 생동감azaleas: 철쭉winding: 구불구불한exhibit: 전시관accidentally: 실수로swarm: 떼panic: 아찔했다flustered: 당황했다meticulous: 꼼꼼한tolerate: 용납하지hurried: 조급한radiant: 환하게admiring: 칭찬lured: 유인했고burst: 터뜨렸다relieved: 가벼워졌다admitting: 인정하고ashamed: 부끄러운perfect: 완벽한gathered: 모여swiftly: 빠르게employee: 직원beginning: 시작perched: 앉자incident: 사건situation: 상황courage: 용기dizzy: 아찔했다exhibition: 전시회

In this engaging conversation, Katie C. Sawyer interviews Dwight Hwang, a master of Gyotaku, the Japanese art of fish printing. Dwight shares the history and techniques of Gyotaku, its cultural variations, and his personal journey as an artist. He discusses the challenges he faced in pursuing his passion for art, the influence of his family, and the importance of storytelling in his work. The conversation highlights the deep connection between art, nature, and personal memories, making Gyotaku a unique and meaningful form of artistic expression. In this segment of the conversation, Dwight Hwang shares his journey from filmmaking to the art of Gyotaku, emphasizing the importance of authenticity in art and the energy that fresh fish brings to his prints. He discusses the challenges he faced during his transition, the pivotal moments that led him to embrace fish printing, and the collaborative efforts with his family in this unique art form. The conversation delves into the technical aspects of preparing fish for printing, the significance of Sumi ink and Washi paper, and the intricate techniques involved in capturing the essence of different fish species, including rare specimens like the anglerfish. In this conversation, Dwight Hwang shares his journey as an artist specializing in fish printing and human portraits. He discusses the intricate process of creating dynamic prints, the challenges of working with different subjects, and the emotional connections formed through art. Dwight also highlights the importance of family in his creative process and how his work has evolved to include powerful human stories, particularly in the context of social issues. The discussion emphasizes the therapeutic nature of art and the deep connections it fosters between the artist and the subjects. Find Dwight's Website Here See Dwight on Instagram Here  

OSCAR NIGHT IS UPON US! And as always we have a lot to say about it. Join Bil, Daniel and their special guest Glenn Sumi returning for the ninth time to talk about their pics for this year’s Academy Awards. Listen to it here: Follow Glenn’s blog   Donate Email: badgaymovies2013@gmail.com ———————– Follow Facebook Instagram […]

Dr Sumi Dunne, GP in Laois, joined Andrea Gilligan to tackle your medical queries…

In this episode, farmer Jodi and Diego talk about choosing the right irrigation system for your farm. They talk about the pros and cons as well as the nuances of each type, and they take a closer look at a specific irrigation system, the Sumi Soaker, and why farmer Jodi has used this system for the better part of the decade.  Learn more about farmer and educator Jodi Roebuck: https://www.roebuckfarm.com/ @roebuckfarm Kwik Hoops are eligible for NRCS low-tunnel grants. Protect your valuable crop from rain, wind, cold, and insects using Kwik Hoops and InsectaNet.  Subscribe for more content on sustainable farming, market farming tips, and business insights!   Get market farming tools, seeds, and supplies at Modern Grower. Follow Modern Grower:  Instagram  Instagram Listen to other podcasts on the Modern Grower Podcast Network:  Carrot Cashflow  Farm Small Farm Smart  Farm Small Farm Smart Daily  The Growing Microgreens Podcast  The Urban Farmer Podcast  The Rookie Farmer Podcast  In Search of Soil Podcast Check out Diego's books:  Sell Everything You Grow on Amazon   Ready Farmer One on Amazon **** Modern Grower and Diego Footer participate in the Amazon Services LLC. Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by

Ela foi aluna de Letras da USP e é sobrinha do consagrado violeiro Ivan Vilela; além dela, o programa traz uma entrevista com o rapper Nego Lusco

This episode we are taking a trip down the Silk Road--or perhaps even the Spice Road--as we investigate references in this reign to individuals from "Tukara" who seem to have arrived in Yamato and stayed for a while. For photos and more, see our podcast webpage:  https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/episode-119 Rough Transcript   Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  This is episode 119: The Question of “Tukara”   Traveling upon the ocean was never exactly safe.  Squalls and storms could arise at any time, and there was always a chance that high winds and high waves could capsize a vessel.  Most people who found themselves at the mercy of the ocean could do little but hold on and hope that they could ride out whatever adverse conditions they met with.  Many ships were lost without any explanation or understanding of what happened to them.  They simply left the port and never came back home. And so when the people saw the boat pulling up on the shores of Himuka, on the island of Tsukushi, they no doubt empathized with the voyagers' plight.  The crew looked bedraggled, and their clothing was unfamiliar.  There were both men and women, and this didn't look like your average fishing party.  If anything was clear it was this:  These folk weren't from around here. The locals brought out water and food.  Meanwhile, runners were sent with a message:  foreigners had arrived from a distant place.  They then waited to see what the government was going to do.     We are still in the second reign of Takara Hime, aka Saimei Tenno.  Last episode we talked about the palaces constructed in Asuka, as well as some of the stone works that have been found from the period, and which appear to be referenced in the Nihon Shoki—at least tangentially.   The episodes before that, we looked at the expeditions the court sent to the far north of Honshu and even past Honshu to Hokkaido. This episode we'll again be looking past the main islands of the archipelago to lands beyond.  Specifically, we are going to focus on particularly intriguing references to people from a place called “Tukara”.  We'll talk about some of the ideas about where that might be, even if they're a bit  far-fetched. That's because Tukara touches on the state of the larger world that Yamato was a part of, given its situation on the far eastern edge of what we know today as the Silk Road.  And is this just an excuse for me to take a detour into some of the more interesting things going on outside the archipelago?  No comment. The first mention of a man from Tukara actually comes at the end of the reign of Karu, aka Koutoku Tennou.  We are told that in the fourth month of 654 two men and two women of “Tukara” and one woman of “Sha'e” were driven by a storm to Hiuga.  Then, three years later, the story apparently picks up again, though possibly referring to a different group of people.  On the 3rd day of the 7th month of 657, so during the second reign of Takara Hime, we now hear about two men and four women of the Land of Tukara—no mention of Sha'e—who drifted to Tsukushi, aka Kyushu.  The Chronicles mention that these wayfarers first drifted to the island of Amami, and we'll talk about that in a bit, but let's get these puzzle pieces on the table, first.  After those six people show up, the court sent for them by post-horse.  They must have arrived by the 15th of that same month, because we are told that a model of Mt. Sumi was erected and they—the people from Tukara—were entertained, although there is another account that says they were from “Tora”. The next mention is the 10th day of the 3rd month of 659, when a Man of Tukara and his wife, again woman of Sha'e, arrived.  Then, on the 16th day of the 7th month of 660, we are told that the man of Tukara, Kenzuhashi Tatsuna, desired to return home and asked for an escort.  He planned to pay his respects at the Great Country, i.e. the Tang court, and so he left his wife behind, taking tens of men with him. All of these entries might refer to people regularly reaching Yamato from the south, from a place called “Tukara”.  Alternately, this is a single event whose story has gotten distributed over several years, as we've seen happen before with the Chronicles.  .  One of the oddities of these entries is that the terms used are not consistent.  “Tukara” is spelled at least two different ways, suggesting that it wasn't a common placename like Silla or Baekje, or even the Mishihase.  That does seem to suggest that the Chronicles were phonetically trying to find kanji, or the Sinitic characters, to match with the name they were hearing.   I would also note that “Tukara” is given the status of a “kuni”—a land, country, or state—while “sha'e”, where some of the women are said to come from, is just that, “Sha'e”. As for the name of at least one person from Tokara, Kenzuhashi Tatsuna, that certainly sounds like someone trying to fit a non-Japanese name into the orthography of the time.  “Tatsuna” seems plausibly Japanese, but “Kenzuhashi” doesn't fit quite as well into the naming structures we've seen to this point. The location of “Tukara” and “Sha'e” are not clear in any way, and as such there has been a lot of speculation about them.  While today there are placenames that fit those characters, whether or not these were the places being referenced at the time is hard to say. I'll actually start with “Sha'e”, which Aston translates as Shravasti, the capital of the ancient Indian kingdom of Kosala, in modern Uttar Pradesh.  It is also where the Buddha, Siddartha Gautama, is said to have lived most of his life after his enlightenment.  In Japanese this is “Sha'e-jou”, and like many Buddhist terms it likely comes through Sanskrit to Middle Chinese to Japanese.  One—or possibly two—women from Shravasti making the journey to Yamato in the company of a man (or men) from Tukara seems quite the feat.  But then, where is “Tukara”? Well, we have at least three possible locations that I've seen bandied about.  I'll address them from the most distant to the closest option.  These three options were Tokharistan, Dvaravati, and the Tokara islands. We'll start with Tokharistan on the far end of the Silk Road.  And to start, let's define what that “Silk Road” means.  We've talked in past episodes about the “Western Regions”, past the Han-controlled territories of the Yellow River.   The ancient Tang capital of Chang'an was built near to the home of the Qin dynasty, and even today you can go and see both the Tang tombs and the tomb of Qin Shihuangdi and his terracotta warriors, all within a short distance of Xi'an, the modern city built on the site of Chang'an.  That city sits on a tributary of the Yellow River, but the main branch turns north around the border of modern Henan and the similarly sounding provinces of Shanxi and Shaanxi.  Following it upstream, the river heads north into modern Mongolia, turns west, and then heads south again, creating what is known as the Ordos loop.  Inside is the Ordos plateau, also known as the Ordos Basin.  Continuing to follow the Yellow river south, on the western edge of the Ordos, you travel through Ningxia and Gansu—home of the Hexi, or Gansu, Corridor.  That route eventually takes to Yumenguan, the Jade Gate, and Dunhuang.  From there roads head north or south along the edge of the Taklamakan desert in the Tarim basin.  The southern route travels along the edge of the Tibetan plateau, while the northern route traversed various oasis cities through Turpan, Kucha, to the city of Kashgar.  Both routes made their way across the Pamirs and the Hindu Kush into South Asia. We've brought up the Tarim Basin and the Silk Road a few times.  This is the path that Buddhism appears to have taken to get to the Yellow River Basin and eventually to the Korean Peninsula and eastward to the Japanese archipelago.  But I want to go a bit more into detail on things here, as there is an interesting side note about “Tukara” that I personally find rather fascinating, and thought this would be a fun time to share. Back in Episode 79 we talked about how the Tarim basin used to be the home to a vast inland sea, which was fed by the meltwater from the Tianshan and Kunlun mountains.  This sea eventually dwindled, though it was still large enough to be known to the Tang as the Puchang Sea.  Today it has largely dried up, and it is mostly just the salt marshes of Lop Nur that remain.  Evidence for this larger sea, however, can be observed in some of the burials found around the Tarim basin.  These burials include the use of boat-shaped structures—a rather curious feature to be found out in the middle of the desert. And it is the desert that was left behind as the waters receded that is key to much of what we know about life in the Tarim basin, as it has proven to be quite excellent at preserving organic material.  This includes bodies, which dried out and naturally turned into mummies, including not only the wool clothing they were wearing, but also features such as hair and even decoration. These “Tarim mummies”, as they have been collectively called, date from as early as 2100 BCE all the way up through the period of time we're currently talking about, and have been found in several desert sites: Xiaohe, the earliest yet discovered; Loulan, near Lop Nur on the east of the Tarim Basin, dating from around 1800 BCE; Cherchen, on the southern edge of the Tarim Basin, dating from roughly 1000 BCE; and too many others to go into in huge detail. The intriguing thing about these burials is that  many of them don't have features typically associated with people of ethnic Han—which is to say traditional Chinese—ancestry, nor do they necessarily have the features associated with the Xiongnu and other steppe nomads.  In addition they have colorful clothing  made from wool and leather, with vivid designs.  Some bodies near Hami, just east of the basin, were reported to have blonde to light brown hair, and their cloth showed radically different patterns from that found at Cherchen and Loulan, with patterns that could reasonably be compared with the plaids now common in places like Scotland and Ireland, and previously found in the Hallstadt salt mine in Central Europe from around 3500 BCE, from which it is thought the Celtic people may have originated. At the same time that people—largely Westerners— were studying these mummies, another discovery in the Tarim basin was also making waves.  This was the discovery of a brand new language.  Actually, it was two languages—or possibly two dialects of a language—in many manuscripts, preserved in Kucha and Turpan.  Once again, the dry desert conditions proved invaluable to maintain these manuscripts, which date from between the late 4th or early 5th century to the 8th century.  They are written with a Brahmic script, similar to that used for Sanskrit, which appears in the Tarim Basin l by about the 2nd century, and we were able to translate them because many of the texts were copies of Buddhist scripture, which greatly helped scholars in deciphering the languages.  These two languages were fascinating because they represented an as-yet undiscovered branch of the Indo-European language family.  Furthermore, when compared to other Indo-European languages, they did not show nearly as much similarity with their neighbors as with languages on the far western end of the Indo-European language family.  That is to say they were thought to be closer to Celtic and Italic languages than something like Indo-Iranian.  And now for a quick diversion within the diversion:  “Centum” and “Satem” are general divisions of the Indo-European language families that was once thought to indicate a geographic divide in the languages.  At its most basic, as Indo-European words changed over time, a labiovelar sound, something like “kw”,  tended to evolve in one of two ways.  In the Celtic and Italic languages, the “kw” went to a hard “k” sound, as represented in the classical pronunciation of the Latin word for 100:  Centum.  That same word, in the Avestan language—of the Indo-Iranian tree—is pronounced as “Satem”, with an “S” sound.  So, you can look at Indo-European languages and divide them generally into “centum” languages, which preserve the hard “k”, or “Satem” languages that preserve the S. With me so far? Getting back to these two newly-found languages in the Tarim Basin, the weird thing is that they were “Centum” languages. Most Centum languages are from pretty far away, though: they are generally found in western Europe or around the Mediterranean, as opposed to the Satem languages, such as Indo-Aryan, Iranian, Armernian, or even Baltic Slavic languages, which are much closer to the Tarim Basin.  So if the theory were true that the “Centum” family of Indo-European languages developed in the West and “Satem” languages developed in the East, then that would seem to indicate that a group of a “Centum” speaking people must have migrated eastward, through the various Satem speaking people, and settled in the Tarim Basin many thousands of years ago. And what evidence do we have of people who look very different from the modern population, living in the Tarim Basin area long before, and wearing clothing similar to what we associated with the progenitors of the Celts?  For many, it seemed to be somewhat obvious, if still incredible, that the speakers of this language were likely the descendants of the mummies who, in the terminology of the time, had been identified as being of Caucasoid ancestry.  A theory developed that these people were an offshoot of a group called the Yamnaya culture, which may have arisen around modern Ukraine as an admixture between the European Hunter Gatherers and the Caucasian Hunter Gatherers, around 3300-2600 BCE.  This was challenged in 2021 when a genetic study was performed on some of the mummies in the Tarim basin, as well as several from the Dzungarian basin, to the northeast.  That study suggested that the people of the Dzungarian basin had genetic ties to the people of the Afanasievo people, from Southern Siberia.  The Afanasievo people are connected to the Yamnayan culture. It should be noted that there has long been a fascination in Western anthropology and related sciences with racial identification—and often not in a healthy way.  As you may recall, the Ainu were identified as “Caucasoid” by some people largely because of things like the men's beards and lighter colored hair, which differ greatly from a large part of the Japanese population.  However, that claim has been repeatedly refuted and debunked. And similarly, the truth is, none of these Tarim mummy burials were in a period of written anything, so we can't conclusively associated them with these fascinating Indo-European languages.  There are thousands of years between the various burials and the manuscripts. These people  left no notes stashed in pockets that give us their life story.   And Language is not Genetics is not Culture.  Any group may adopt a given language for a variety of reasons.  .  Still, given what we know, it is possible that the ancient people of the Tarim basin spoke some form of “Proto-Kuchean”, but it is just as likely that this language was brought in by people from Dzungaria at some point. So why does all this matter to us?  Well, remember how we were talking about someone from Tukara?  The Kuchean language, at least, is referred to in an ancient Turkic source as belonging to “Twgry”, which led several scholars to draw a link between this and the kingdom and people called Tukara and the Tokharoi.  This leads us on another bit of a chase through history. Now if you recall, back in Episode 79, we talked about Zhang Qian.  In 128 BCE, he attempted to cross the Silk Road through the territory of the Xiongnu on a mission for the Han court.  Some fifty years earlier, the Xiongnu had defeated the Yuezhi.  They held territory in the oasis towns along the north of the Taklamakan dessert, from about the Turpan basin west to the Pamirs. The Xiongnu were causing problems for the Han, who thought that if they could contact the remaining Yuezhi they could make common cause with them and harass the Xiongnu from both sides.  Zhang Qian's story is quite remarkable: he started out with an escort of some 99 men and a translator.  Unfortunately, he was captured and enslaved by the Xiongnu during his journey, and he is even said to have had a wife and fathered a child.  He remained a captive for thirteen years, but nonetheless, he was able to escape with his family and he made it to the Great Yuezhi on the far side of the Pamirs, but apparently the Yuezhi weren't interested in a treaty against the Xiongnu.  The Pamirs were apparently enough of a barrier and they were thriving in their new land.  And so Zhang Qian crossed back again through Xiongnu territory, this time taking the southern route around the Tarim basin.  He was still captured by the Xiongnu, who spared his life.  He escaped, again, two years later, returning to the Han court.  Of the original 100 explorers, only two returned: Zhang Qian and his translator.  While he hadn't obtained an alliance, he was able to detail the cultures of the area of the Yuezhi. Many feel that the Kushan Empire, which is generally said to have existed from about 30 to 375 CE,was formed from the Kushana people who were part of the Yuezhi who fled the Xiongnu. In other words, they were originally from further north, around the Tarim Basin, and had been chased out and settled down in regions that included Bactria (as in the Bactrian camel).  Zhang Qian describes reaching the Dayuan Kingdom in the Ferghana valley, then traveling south to an area that was the home of the Great Yuezhi or Da Yuezhi.  And after the Kushan empire fell, we know there was a state in the upper regions of the Oxus river, centered on the city of Balkh, in the former territory of the Kushan empire. known as “Tokara”.  Geographically, this matches up how Zhang Qian described the home of the Da Yuezhi.  Furthermore, some scholars reconstruct the reading of the Sinic characters used for “Yuezhi” as originally having an optional reading of something like “Togwar”, but that is certainly not the most common reconstructed reading of those characters.  Greek sources describe this area as the home of the Tokharoi, or the Tokaran People.  The term “Tukhara” is also found in Sanskrit, and this kingdom  was also said to have sent ambassadors to the Southern Liang and Tang dynasties. We aren't exactly certain of where these Tokharan people came from, but as we've just described, there's a prevailing theory that they were the remnants of the Yuezhi and Kushana people originally from the Tarim Basin.  We know that in the 6th century they came under the rule of the Gokturk Khaganate, which once spanned from the Liao river basin to the Black Sea.  In the 7th and 8th centuries they came under the rule of the Tang Empire, where they were known by very similar characters as those used to write “Tukara” in the Nihon Shoki.  On top of this, we see Tokharans traveling the Silk Road, all the way to the Tang court.  Furthermore, Tokharans that settled in Chang'an took the surname “Zhi” from the ethnonym “Yuezhi”, seemingly laying claim to and giving validation to the identity used back in the Han dynasty.   So, we have a Turkic record describing the Kuchean people (as in, from Kucha in the Tarim Basin) as “Twgry”, and we have a kingdom in Bactria called Tokara and populated (according to the Greeks) by people called Tokharoi.  You can see how this one term has been a fascinating rabbit hole in the study of the Silk Roads and their history.  And some scholars understandably suggested that perhaps the Indo-European languags found in Kucha and Turpan  were actually related to this “Tokhara” – and therefore  should be called “Tocharian”, specifically Tocharian A (Kuchean) or Tocharian B (Turfanian). The problem is that if the Tokharans were speaking “Tocharian” then you wouldn't expect to just see it at Kucha and Turpan, which are about the middle of the road between Tokhara and the Tang dynasty, and which had long been under Gokturk rule.  You would also expect to see it in the areas of Bactria associated with Tokhara.  However, that isn't what we see.  Instead, we see that Bactria was the home of local Bactrian language—an Eastern Iranian language, which, though it is part of the Indo European language family, it is not closely related to Tocharian as far as we can tell. It is possible that the people of Kucha referred to themselves as something similar to “Twgry”, or “Tochari”, but we should also remember that comes from a Turkic source, and it could have been an exonym not related to what they called themselves.  I should also note that language is not people.  It is also possible that a particular ethnonym was maintained separately by two groups that may have been connected politically but which came to speak different languages for whatever reason.   There could be a connection between the names, or it could even be that the same or similar exonym was used for different groups. So, that was a lot and a bit of a ramble, but a lot of things that I find interesting—even if they aren't as connected as they may appear.  We have the Tarim mummies, which are, today, held at a museum in modern Urumqi.  Whether they had any connection with Europe or not, they remain a fascinating study for the wealth of material items found in and around the Tarim basin and similar locations.  And then there is the saga of the Tocharian languages—or perhaps more appropriately the Kuchean-Turfanian languages: Indo-European languages that seem to be well outside of where we would expect to find them. Finally, just past the Pamirs, we get to the land of Tokhara or Tokharistan.  Even without anything else, we know that they had contact with the court.  Perhaps our castaways were from this land?  The name is certainly similar to what we see in the Nihon Shoki, using some of the same characters. All in all, art and other information suggest that the area of the Tarim basin and the Silk Road in general were quite cosmopolitan, with many different people from different regions of the world.  Bactria retained Hellenic influences ever since the conquests of Alexander of Macedonia, aka Alexander the Great, and Sogdian and Persian traders regularly brought their caravans through the region to trade.  And once the Tang dynasty controlled all of the routes, that just made travel that much easier, and many people traveled back and forth. So from that perspective, it is possible that one or more people from Tukhara may have made the crossing from their home all the way to the Tang court, but if they did so, the question still remains: why would they be in a boat? Utilizing overland routes, they would have hit Chang'an or Louyang, the dual capitals of the Tang empire, well before they hit the ocean.  However, the Nihon Shoki says that these voyagers first came ashore at Amami and then later says that they were trying to get to the Tang court. Now there was another “Silk Road” that isn't as often mentioned: the sea route, following the coast of south Asia, around through the Malacca strait and north along the Asian coast.  This route is sometimes viewed more in terms of the “spice” road If these voyagers set out to get to the Tang court by boat, they would have to have traveled south to the Indian Ocean—possibly traveling through Shravasti or Sha'e, depending on the route they chose to take—and then around the Malacca strait—unless they made it on foot all the way to Southeast Asia.  And then they would have taken a boat up the coast. Why do that instead of taking the overland route?  They could likely have traveled directly to the Tang court over the overland silk road.  Even the from Southeast Asia could have traveled up through Yunnan and made their way to the Tang court that way.  In fact, Zhang Qian had wondered something similar when he made it to the site of the new home of the Yuezhi, in Bactria.  Even then, in the 2nd century, he saw products in the marketplace that he identified as coming from around Szechuan.  That would mean south of the Han dynasty, and he couldn't figure out how those trade routes might exist and they weren't already known to the court.  Merchants would have had to traverse the dangerous mountains if they wanted to avoid being caught by the Xiongnu, who controlled the entire region. After returning to the Han court, Zhang Qian actually went out on another expedition to the south, trying to find the southern trade routes, but apparently was not able to do so.  That said, we do see, in later centuries, the trade routes open up between the area of the Sichuan basin and South Asia.  We also see the migrations of people further south, and there may have even been some Roman merchants who traveled up this route to find their way to the Han court, though those accounts are not without their own controversy. In either case, whether by land or sea, these trade routes were not always open.  In some cases, seasonal weather, such as monsoons, might dictate movement back and forth, while political realities were also a factor.  Still, it is worth remembering that even though most people were largely concerned with affairs in their own backyard, the world was still more connected than people give it credit for.  Tang dynasty pottery made its way to the east coast of Africa, and ostriches were brought all the way to Chang'an. As for the travelers from Tukhara and why they would take this long and very round-about method of travel, it is possible that they were just explorers, seeking new routes, or even on some kind of pilgrimage.  Either way, they would have been way off course. But if they did pass through Southeast Asia, that would match up with another theory about what “Tukara” meant: that it actually refers to the Dvaravati kingdom in what is now modern Thailand.  The Dvaravati Kingdom was a Mon political entity that rose up around the 6th century.  It even sent embassies to the Sui and Tang courts.  This is even before the temple complexes in Siem Reap, such as Preah Ko and the more famous Angkor Wat.  And it was during this time that the ethnic Tai people are thought to have started migrating south from Yunnan, possibly due to pressures from the expanding Sui and Tang empires.  Today, most of what remains of the Dvaravati kingdom are the ruins of ancient stone temples, showing a heavy Indic influence, and even early Buddhist practices as well.  “Dvaravati” may not actually be the name of the kingdom but it comes from an inscription on a coin found from about that time.  The Chinese refer to it as  “To-lo-po-ti” in contemporary records.  It may not even have been a kingdom, but  more of a confederation of city-states—it is hard to piece everything together.  That it was well connected, though, is clear from the archaeological record.  In Dvaravati sites, we see coins from as far as Rome, and we even have a lamp found in modern Pong Tuk that appears to match similar examples from the Byzantine Empire in the 6th century.  Note that this doesn't mean it arrived in the 6th century—similarly with the coins—but the Dvaravati state lasted until the 12th century. If that was the case, perhaps there were some women from a place called “Shravasti” or similar, especially given the Indic influence in the region. Now, given the location of the Dvaravati, it wouldn't be so farfetched to think that someone might sail up from the Gulf of Thailand and end up off-course, though it does mean sailing up the entire Ryukyuan chain or really running off course and finding yourself adrift on the East China sea.  And if they were headed to the Tang court, perhaps they did have translators or knew Chinese, since Yamato was unlikely to know the Mon language of Dvaravati and people from Dvaravati probably wouldn't know the Japonic language.  Unless, perhaps, they were communicating through Buddhist priests via Sanskrit. We've now heard two possibilities for Tukara, both pretty far afield: the region of Tokara in Bactria, and the Dvaravati kingdom in Southeast Asia.  That said, the third and simplest explanation—and the one favored by Aston in his translation of the Nihon Shoki—is that Tukara is actually referring to a place in the Ryukyu island chain.  Specifically, there is a “Tokara” archipelago, which spans between Yakushima and Amami-Oshima.  This is part of the Nansei islands, and the closest part of the Ryukyuan island chain to the main Japanese archipelago.  This is the most likely theory, and could account for the entry talking about Amami.  It is easy to see how sailors could end up adrift, too far north, and come to shore in Hyuga, aka Himuka, on the east side of Kyushu.  It certainly would make more sense for them to be from this area of the Ryukyuan archipelago than from anywhere else.  From Yakushima to Amami-Oshima is the closest part of the island chain to Kyushu, and as we see in the entry from the Shoku Nihongi, those three places seem to have been connected as being near to Japan.  So what was going on down there, anyway? Well, first off, let's remember that the Ryukyuan archipelago is not just the island of Okinawa, but a series of islands that go from Kyushu all the way to the island of Taiwan.  Geographically speaking, they are all part of the same volcanic ridge extending southward.  The size of the islands and their distance from each other does vary, however, creating some natural barriers in the form of large stretches of open water, which have shaped how various groups developed on the islands. Humans came to the islands around the same time they were reaching the Japanese mainland.  In fact, some of our only early skeletal remains for early humans in Japan actually come from either the Ryukyuan peninsula in the south or around Hokkaido to the north, and that has to do with the acidity of the soil in much of mainland Japan. Based on genetic studies, we know that at least two groups appear to have inhabited the islands from early times.  One group appears to be related to the Jomon people of Japan, while the other appears to be more related to the indigenous people of Taiwan, who, themselves, appear to have been the ancestors of many Austronesian people.  Just as some groups followed islands to the south of Taiwan, some appear to have headed north.  However, they only made it so far.  As far as I know there is no evidence they made it past Miyakoshima, the northernmost island in the Sakishima islands.  Miyako island is separated from the next large island, Okinawa, by a large strait, known as the Miyako Strait, though sometimes called the Kerama gap in English.  It is a 250km wide stretch of open ocean, which is quite the distance for anyone to travel, even for Austronesian people of Taiwan, who had likely not developed the extraordinary navigational technologies that the people who would become the Pacific Islanders would discover. People on the Ryukyu island chain appear to have been in contact with the people of the Japanese archipelago since at least the Jomon period, and some of the material artifacts demonstrate a cultural connection.  That was likely impacted by the Akahoya eruption, about 3500 years ago, and then re-established at a later date.  We certainly see sea shells and corals trade to the people of the Japanese islands from fairly early on. Unlike the people on the Japanese archipelago, the people of the Ryukyuan archipelago did not really adopt the Yayoi and later Kofun culture.  They weren't building large, mounded tombs, and they retained the character of a hunter-gatherer society, rather than transitioning to a largely agricultural way of life.  The pottery does change in parts of Okinawa, which makes sense given the connections between the regions.  Unfortunately, there is a lot we don't know about life in the islands around this time.  We don't exactly have written records, other than things like the entries in the Nihon Shoki, and those are hardly the most detailed of accounts.  In the reign of Kashikiya Hime, aka Suiko Tennou, we see people from Yakushima, which is, along with Tanegashima, one of the largest islands at the northern end of the Ryukyu chain, just before you hit Kagoshima and the Osumi peninsula on the southern tip of Kyushu.  The islands past that would be the Tokara islands, until you hit the large island of Amami. So you can see how it would make sense that the people from “Tokara” would make sense to be from the area between Yakushima and Amami, and in many ways this explanation seems too good to be true.  There are a only a few things that make this a bit peculiar. First, this doesn't really explain the woman from “Sha'e” in any compelling way that I can see.  Second, the name, Kenzuhashi Tatsuna doesn't seem to fit with what we generally know about early Japonic names, and the modern Ryukyuan language certainly is a Japonic language, but there are still plenty of possible explanations.  There is also the connection of Tokara with “Tokan”, which is mentioned in an entry in 699 in the Shoku Nihongi, the Chronicle that follows on, quite literally to the Nihon Shoki.  Why would they call it “Tokan” instead of “Tokara” so soon after?  Also, why would these voyagers go back to their country by way of the Tang court?  Unless, of course, that is where they were headed in the first place.  In which case, did the Man from Tukara intentionally leave his wife in Yamato, or was she something of a hostage while they continued on their mission?   And so those are the theories.  The man from “Tukara” could be from Tokhara, or Tokharistan, at the far end of the Silk Road.  Or it could have been referring to the Dvaravati Kingdom, in modern Thailand.  Still, in the end, Occam's razor suggests that the simplest answer is that these were actually individuals from the Tokara islands in the Ryukyuan archipelago.  It is possible that they were from Amami, not that they drifted there.  More likely, a group from Amami drifted ashore in Kyushu as they were trying to find a route to the Tang court, as they claimed.  Instead they found themselves taking a detour to the court of Yamato, instead. And we could have stuck with that story, but I thought that maybe, just maybe, this would be a good time to reflect once again on how connected everything was.  Because even if they weren't from Dvaravati, that Kingdom was still trading with Rome and with the Tang.  And the Tang controlled the majority of the overland silk road through the Tarim basin.  We even know that someone from Tukhara made it to Chang'an, because they were mentioned on a stele that talked about an Asian sect of Christianity, the “Shining Religion”, that was praised and allowed to set up shop in the Tang capital, along with Persian Manicheans and Zoroastrians.  Regardless of where these specific people may have been from, the world was clearly growing only more connected, and prospering, as well. Next episode we'll continue to look at how things were faring between the archipelago and the continent. Until then thank you for listening and for all of your support. If you like what we are doing, please tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website,  SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  Thank you, also, to Ellen for their work editing the podcast. And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  

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Today, Adam, Sumi, Caitriona and Justin talk through their stand out moments of the US election campaign. Could the Democrats have done anything to rescue their campaign after Joe Biden dropped out? Or was Trump 2.0 a done deal? We relive all the major twists and turns of an unprecedented presidential race.Plus they share their thoughts on what to look out for in 2025.You can now listen to Newscast on a smart speaker. If you want to listen, just say "Ask BBC Sounds to play Newscast”. It works on most smart speakers.You can join our Newscast online community here: https://tinyurl.com/newscastcommunityhereNewscast brings you daily analysis of the latest political news stories from the BBC. It was presented by Adam Fleming. It was made by Miranda Slade. The technical producers were Mike Regaard and Ben Andrews. The assistant editor is Chris Gray. The editor is Sam Bonham.

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On this week's episode, Dr Sumi Rampling, a GP and Menopause Specialist who works alongside Dr Louise at Newson Health, shares her personal story of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Diagnosed in early adulthood, Dr Sumi talks openly about the challenges of her ADHD diagnosis, as well as the impact that hormone changes, including perimenopause, can have on women with ADHD. She talks about the determination her condition has given her, and also offers advice for women navigating hormone changes and ADHD. Download balance's ADHD and menopause booklet here. Click here for more about Newson Health.