The Anti Empire Project with Justin Podur

We go way back, at first, to the rise and fall of the filibustering William Walker, who wanted to be king of Nicaragua. You'll meet Smedley Butler as well, but this episode on Interwar Nicaragua focuses on the rebel leader who dared to fight the American occupation, Augusto Sandino, who fought from 1927-1933 and has … Continue reading "Interwar 14: Sandino battles the Americans for Nicaragua, 1927-1933"

In the Interwar years America invaded many Central American and Caribbean countries. The major ones included Haiti, Nicaragua, and the Dominican Republic. We start with the DR, 1916-1924, who nonetheless managed to get the Americans to withdraw.

A showdown over evolution at the Scopes Monkey Trial. A frame-up of Sacco and Vanzetti. A pair of Interwar trials define America in this period.

Back when we covered the US Civil War, we talked about how the US ultimately un-did the Reconstruction. But undoing the Reconstruction went on and on, and the Tulsa Race Massacre (formerly known as the Tulsa Race Riot) was a major moment of the destruction of a prosperous Black community. The history, the aftermath, the … Continue reading "Interwar 11: The Tulsa Race Massacre of 1921"

Continuing our series on Interwar America including Indian Reservations, Black Labor, the Garveyite Movement, and the KKK.

A little bit of everything as we take two hours to start to paint a picture of Interwar America.

After the Cossack Coup, a power struggle between rivals leads to Reza Khan rising to the top. He defangs an American financial mission, jails and executes his rivals, plunders the tribes, makes a personal bank, and becomes not only Shah, but in Gholi Majd's words, “the largest private landowner… in all likelihood in the recorded … Continue reading "Interwar 8: The rise of the first Reza Shah Pahlavi"

The 1919 Anglo-Persian Agreement made every Persian government that followed unviable. Britain wanted Iran to be a colony, but couldn't find a viable collaborator in the Qajjar Shahs or the Majlis. So, in 1921, they used one of their favorite moves: they organized a coup to overthrow a government they had installed and supported. The … Continue reading "Interwar 7: Reza Khan and the Cossack Coup of 1921"

Iran's Constitutional Revolution was in 1905, but the British are there and bent on colonizing it. The struggles of the last of the Qajjar Shahs, the British occupation during WWI, and the British imposition of the hated Anglo-Persian agreement of 1919, which no Iranian government can survive… 

In the aftermath of the Easter Rising of 1916, the Irish Revolutionaries regrouped. We trace their path through armed struggle against Britain, negotiation, the formation of the Dail and its role. The larger than life characters including Michael Collins and events like Bloody Sunday. How England's first colony fought the Empire between the world wars.

In the early morning of January 3, 2026, the US bombed Venezuela and kidnapped its president and its first lady. As of Day 1 of the war, Venezuela's government is intact and popular mobilizations are calling for their president's return. Trump has said that the US will run Venezuela and take its oil. Some insights … Continue reading "AER 153: Venezuela War Begins with Maduro's Kidnapping"

Our last episode of 2025. Did you know that Amanullah's decision to wage war for Afghanistan's independence from the British Empire had everything to do with Amritsar and the struggle underway in India in 1919? Some details on this war that you may not have heard, including the British besieging Peshawar, displacing whole towns full … Continue reading "Interwar 4: The Anglo-Afghan War of 1919: Amanullah wins Independence"

Using Anita Anand's book, The Patient Assassin, among other sources, we tell the story of India from 1919 to the 1920s, including the massacre at Amritsar, the Malabar Uprising of 1921, Bhagat Singh, Gandhi, and of course Udham Singh. Ghadar and the Indian revolutionaries. We won't be back to India again until the 1930s, so … Continue reading "Interwar 3: India 1919: Massacre at Amritsar, Uprising in Malabar…"

1919 was the year of strikes in North America. How general strikes in Winnipeg and Seattle shook the North American rulers, even though both were contained. 

Jon Elmer joins. We discuss the beginning of the third Ceasefire in Israel's genocidal war on Gaza.

Reading the first two chapters of Michael Hudson's Superimperialism, we study the transformation of the world financial system after World War I. That transformation is driven by a surprising decision by the US to insist on repayment of its loans to its allies, which in turn leads the allies (UK and France) to insist on … Continue reading "Interwar 1919-1931 episode 1:The Looting System"

A final roundup of critics of the Treaty of Versailles, including some big names.

Yves Engler is a lifelong Palestine activist – fighting Canada's complicity in the Gaza genocide – who is running for leadership of Canada's New Democratic Party. We talk about the platform of policies that Yves is presenting in the run for the nomination, including Land Back, Anticolonization, Anti-Imperialism, and Socialism.

The second-last episode on the Treaty of Versailles 1919 is about Keynes's critique of the treaty, the Economic Consequences of the Peace. What he got right, what he got wrong, critics of him at the time, and the impact of his book on the way the Interwar period unfolded.

Was the treaty too hard on Germany? German, English, and American reactions after 1919.

Details of how Ataturk foiled the imperialists' final plans to partition Anatolia. Once he secured Turkey, he modernized it and it became a model that other Central Asian countries tried to emulate (with varying degrees of success). Here's why this secular leader is still revered in Turkey a century later.

On November 2, 1917, England's foreign secretary sent a letter to an English Baron, declaring that the land of Palestine, which was in the process of being taken militarily from the Ottoman Empire by England, would be given to the Jewish people as their homeland. Known to history as the Balfour Declaration, the first draft … Continue reading "Civ 1919 – Treaty of Versailles 10: England gives Palestine to the Zionists"

Carl Zha joins for our occasional Kung Fu Yoga series where we talk about India and China. Trump's slapped new tariffs on India and given China another break. We go back to the Independence era, talk about Import Substitution Industrialization vs Export-Led Growth, the Chip War, the short India-Pakistan war a few months ago, and … Continue reading "AER 150: Kung Fu Yoga with Carl Zha on the new Trump Tariffs"

Mustafa Kemal foils the Great Powers' plan to carve up Anatolia, but they do tear up the Arab lands. The fate of Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Egypt, where local elites' belief in the Fourteen Points were crushed by the Powers as they set the table for Zionism and neocolonial mandates.

The story of Greece's negotiator Eleutherios Venizelos, and how his success at negotiating sowed the seeds of future disasters.

Initial reactions to the new war (audio of the regular youtube sit rep).

Japan takes a stand on the principle of racial equality, but it's a non-starter with the white powers. The Japanese insist, and ultimately yield so they can take a piece of China.

Italy joined the allies late and wanted a lot of Yugoslavia. The dress rehearsal for Mussolini, Gabriele d'Annunzio, gathers Argonauts and makes a big move. Another seed of the next war planted at the conference in Paris 1919.

Frederik Soderholm and Mehmet Ali Arslan interviewed me (Justin) for their Fredshetsarna (Swedish) podcast about nonviolence and military matters in West Asia.

Poland, Czechoslovakia, Austria, and Hungary's fates are decided at the conference in Paris in 1919.

Hamza from Defund the UAE joins to talk about the Sudan war. How did it start? Who are the belligerents? What makes the RSF the greater evil? What is the UAE doing in this war? What can be done from the West to help? Hamza mentions Sudanfunds.com and SudanNewsEnglish on telegram, to start.

The Anglo-Americans blamed the Germans for World War I, and won. Now they would impose terms. But if they sought too high an indemnity, Germany's economy would collapse and they would never pay. If they helped Germany rebuild, what kind of punishment would that be? In the end, the Allies chose a path that guaranteed … Continue reading "Civ 1919: Treaty of Versailles pt4 – Germany"

The Balkans are where the Great War began; there were two Balkan wars before the Great War and there was a Balkan war in the Great War. In Paris, delegations from the region made their cases, the Great Powers made their dispensations. New countries formed and new borders drawn, which would be changed again in … Continue reading "Civ 1919: Treaty of Versailles pt3 – the Balkans"

The biggest player at the peace conference, Woodrow Wilson, wants a League of Nations, which in the age of imperialism, is a rather underdeveloped idea. The other problem is, how to continue colonialism but with a nicer name? And so were invented the Mandates.

At the end of WW1, the Americans and British went to Paris to decide on the fate of Germany and the future of the world. The Treaty of Versailles and the conference in Paris in 1919 set up the Interwar period and made World War 2 inevitable. Here we begin our short series on the … Continue reading "Civ 1919: The Treaty of Versailles pt1"

Two and a half years. 50 episodes. 100+ hours. When we set out to cover World War I back in September 2022, after our Scramble for Africa and our Civilizations (1400-1900) series, we had a plan for how we were going to go about it. In this debrief, Dave and I talk about what we … Continue reading "World War Civ 51: The Debrief"

We have come to the end of our study of World War I, gone over its causes, events, and costs in great detail. Now it's time for a plot twist: the idea that the whole war was conceived and extended by a conspiratorial group of race patriots at the heart of the Anglo-American elite. We … Continue reading "Was World War I an Immense Anglo-American Conspiracy?"

From the transformation of all the technologies of war – railways, air travel, wireless, tanks, poison gas – to the changes to the institutions of daily life (notably health care) World War I made many changes into the world we recognize today. Also – my apologies – in the second half, my recurrent audio issue … Continue reading "World War Civ 49: How the war changed how things work"

Counting the costs and losses of World War I. 8.5 million killed on the battlefield, 21 million wounded. 10 million civilian deaths, then a flu epidemic that killed tens of millions more. The global economy transformed beyond recognition. The beginning of the end of the colonial empires. And various measures that are inevitably going to … Continue reading "World War Civ 48: Great War, at what cost?"

Ludendorff's final gamble has failed, fizzling out like every mass offensive of this war. The war is now unwinnable for Germany. But the Germans won't admit it, and can't find anyone to sign an armistice. Eventually someone is found, and the myth of the “stab in the back” begins to be written, a myth that … Continue reading "World War Civ 47: Germany Collapses 1918"

With peace in the East, Germany can finally try to win the war against France in the West, and the clock is ticking before America's troops make the war unwinnable. In addition to assembling a gigantic army and the largest artillery barrage in history, Ludendorff introduces Storm Troopers and a new tactic of “infiltration” past … Continue reading "World War Civ 46: Ludendorff's Last Gamble Spring 1918"

If politics is in everything, then what are the politics of martial arts as they're studied and practiced today? For audiences of this show, it's not a pretty sight. But Sam from Liberationist MA is trying to do things differently. He joins to talk about his play-based martial arts pedagogy, the world view it's embedded … Continue reading "AER 146: Martial Arts Pedagogy and Politics"

The Bolsheviks had made their revolution promising Peace, Land, and Bread. But peace meant a deal with Germany, which could bring British and French subversion of their nascent revolution. How could Lenin get out of this impossible dilemma? By sending Trotsky to lead the negotiations with Imperial Germany. Did Trotsky go rogue? Was he following … Continue reading "World War Civ 45: Russia and Germany make peace at Brest-Litovsk"

It's 1917. The French are suffering mutinies and the Entente is desperate for a breakthrough anywhere. It's not to be. Arras, Vimy Ridge, Passchendaele, Cambrai, and Caporetto – hundreds of thousands of men killed and no breakthrough. At the end of the year, the Germans have reason to believe they could win the whole war … Continue reading "World War Civ 44: The Agony of the Allies"

When Russia withdrew from the war, Britain and France were in the lurch, but America saved the day. Why? Successful war propaganda, propinquity, or making good on investments and seizing a chance for world domination?

Nora joins and we go over our memories of following Seyed Hassan Nasrallah's speeches over the decades. He led the resistance for 32 years and freed Lebanon from occupation once. His successors will operate under a new set of rules of engagement.

The scientific principles of war propaganda that we're all suffering from today were laid down by Anglo-American writers amazed by their own performance in World War 1. What are these principles? Why did Anglo-American propaganda work better than German?

From July through to Red October 1917. The Kornilov Affair to the Bolshevik takeover. The culmination of our series on the Bolshevik Revolution.

With Joe Emersberger. The co-authors of the Monthly Review Press book Extraordinary Threat: The US Empire, the Media, and Twenty Years of Coup Attempts in Venezuela, discuss the seventh coup attempt on Chavismo which is in the process of being defeated.

Way back in World War Civ 6,7, and 8, we covered the Russian Revolution of 1905 including future main characters Lenin, Trotsky, and Stalin. Now as the 1917 Revolution unfolds we revisit these protagonists and study their actions and writings in the years leading to October 1917. Perhaps history is grand movements of masses, but … Continue reading "World War Civ 41b: Russian Revolution pt2 – Lenin and Trotsky"

A scholar who grew up in a Christian Zionist tradition, Jamin Hubner joins to talk about how the ideology is unrolled to kids and how he found his way out of it.