Podcasts about trotsky

Keith Melton is a historian who's been an advisor to the US Intelligence Community for decades. An avid collector and board member at The International Spy Museum, Keith has donated thousands of artifacts, and one of the most historically important is the axe used to assassinate Leon Trotsky. Keith found the weapon after decades of searching. In 2007,  he spoke with Peter Earnest, the founding executive director of the International Spy Museum, about Trotsky's assassination and tracking down the  weapon used for the job. Subscribe to Sasha's Substack, HUMINT, to get more intelligence stories: https://sashaingber.substack.com/ And if you have feedback or want to hear about a particular topic,  you can reach us by E-mail at SpyCast@Spymuseum.org,  "This show is brought to you from Goat Rodeo, Airwave, and the International Spy Museum in Washington, DC." Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

https://thecommunists.org/2025/09/01/news/history/stalins-library-geoffrey-roberts-resume-book-review-pt4/ The discovery of this library put an end to nonsense about Stalin's ‘mediocrity' and shed light on the multifaceted talents of this intellectual and revolutionary giant. Contrary to the myths peddled by Khrushchev and Trotsky and repeated endlessly by anticommunist historians, Josef Stalin was a selfless, modest and devoted revolutionary, and a lifelong student of Marxist-Leninist science. Subscribe! Donate! Join us in building a bright future for humanity! www.thecommunists.org www.lalkar.org www.redyouth.org Telegram: t.me/thecommunists Twitter: twitter.com/cpgbml Soundcloud: @proletarianradio Rumble: rumble.com/c/theCommunists Odysee: odysee.com/@proletariantv:2 Facebook: www.facebook.com/cpgbml Online Shop: https://shop.thecommunists.org/ Education Program: Each one teach one! www.londonworker.org/education-programme/ Join the struggle www.thecommunists.org/join/ Donate: www.thecommunists.org/donate/

Guillermo Peluffo (voz), Guillermo “Cuico” Perazzo (batería), Hugo Díaz “Llamarada” (guitarra) y Juan Pablo “Granito” (bajo) son Trotsky Vengarán, icónica banda del punk rock uruguayo que está a punto de comenzar su primera gira por España. Los tres primeros formaron el grupo en 1991, amigos de corazón ramoniano que despegaron en la segunda oleada de bandas de los años posteriores a la dictadura. Moviéndose siempre de forma autogestionada Trotsky Vengarán son ya una institución en Latinoamérica, con quince álbumes de estudio, varios discos de oro y conciertos multitudinarios frente a miles de seguidores.Playlist;TROTSKY VENGARÁN “Historias sin terminar” (Todo lo contrario, 2002)TROTSKY VENGARÁN “Sataman” (Durmiendo afuera, 2001)TROTSKY VENGARÁN “Noche de rock” (Todo para ser feliz, 2010)TROTSKY VENGARÁN “Otra vez” (Pogo en Vivo, 2004)TROTSKY VENGARÁN “Más allá o más acá” (Relajo pero con orden, 2016)TROTSKY VENGARÁN “Noche alucinante” (Volumen 10, 2008)GREEN DAY “The American dream is killing me”GREEN DAY “Smash it like Belushi”GREEN DAY “Underdog”THE DWARVES “Let’s fuck”TALL JUAN “Far rockaway”Escuchar audio

Jason W. Moore discusses the problematic history of the nature-society divide, his alternative world-ecology approach and the challenges of building socialism.   Shownotes Jason's personal website: https://jasonwmoore.com/ Jason at Binghamtom University: https://www.binghamton.edu/sociology/faculty/profile.html?id=jwmoore The World-Ecology Research Collective: https://worldecologynetwork.wordpress.com/ https://www.researchgate.net/lab/World-Ecology-Research-Collective-Jason-W-Moore Moore, J. W., & Patel, R. (2020).  A History of the World in Seven Cheap Things. A Guide to Capitalism, Nature, and the Future of the Planet. Verso. https://www.versobooks.com/products/817-a-history-of-the-world-in-seven-cheap-things Moore, J. W. (2015). Capitalism in the Web of Life. Ecology and the Accumulation of Capital. Verso. https://www.versobooks.com/products/74-capitalism-in-the-web-of-life for an overview of different approaches to conceptualizing society/capitalism and nature: https://www.historicalmaterialism.org/ecology-marxism-andreas-malm/ on Andreas Malm: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Malm Malm, A. (2018). The Progress of this Storm. Nature and Society in a Warming World. Verso. https://www.versobooks.com/products/574-the-progress-of-this-storm Malm, A. (2016). Fossil Capital. The Rise of Steam Power and the Roots of Global Warming. Verso. https://www.versobooks.com/products/135-fossil-capital Federici, S. (2004). Caliban and the Witch. Autonomedia. https://files.libcom.org/files/Caliban%20and%20the%20Witch.pdf on Ernst Haeckel: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Haeckel see also the chapter on Haeckel and the German Monist League in: Gasman, D. (2017). The scientific Origins of National Socialism. Routledge. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781315134789/scientific-origins-national-socialism-daniel-gasman on Actor-Network Theory: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actor%E2%80%93network_theory on Bruno Latour: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno_Latour on John Bellamy Foster: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bellamy_Foster Bellamy, J. F. (2000) Marx's Ecology. Materialism and Nature. Monthly Review Press. https://ia904504.us.archive.org/9/items/526394/John%20Bellamy%20Foster.%20Marx%27s%20Ecology..pdf on Kohei Saito: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohei_Saito on Pietro Verri: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietro_Verri Marx, K. (1976). Capital. A Critique of Political Economy. Volume One. Penguin. https://www.surplusvalue.org.au/Marxism/Capital%20-%20Vol.%201%20Penguin.pdf Marx's Theses on Feuerbach: https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/theses/theses.htm Marx's Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844: https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/manuscripts/preface.htm Marx's and Engel's German Ideology: https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/german-ideology/ Marx's Capital Vol. 3.: https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1894-c3/ Marx's On The Jewish Question: https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/jewish-question/ on Alfred Sohn-Rethel: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Sohn-Rethel Machado, C. & Miguel, N. (2013). The Money of the Mind and the God of Commodities. The real abstraction according to Sohn-Rethel. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/48961/1/MPRA_paper_48961.pdf on Donna Haraway: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donna_Haraway on the “Special Period” in Cuba: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Period on James Lovelock: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Lovelock Lovelock, J. (1979). Gaia. A New Look at Life on Earth. Oxford University Press. https://global.oup.com/academic/product/gaia-9780198784883?cc=de&lang=en&# on “Social metabolism”: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_metabolism on Raymond Williams: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Williams Smele, J. D. (2016). The ‘Russian' Civil Wars, 1916-1926. Ten Years that Shook the World. Hurst. https://www.hurstpublishers.com/book/the-russian-civil-wars-1916-1926/ Engel-Di Mauro, S. (2021). Socialist States and the Environment. Lessons for Eco-Socialist Futures. Pluto Press. https://www.plutobooks.com/9780745340418/socialist-states-and-the-environment/ Amin, S. (1990). Delinking. Towards a Polycentric World. Zed Books. https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/delinking-9780862328030/ on material and energy flow accounting: see the chapter on that topic in: Bartelmus, P. (2008). Quantitative Eco-nomics. How sustainable are our economies. Springer. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-4020-6966-6 Zeug, W. (2025). INDEP talk with Walther Zeug: Democratic Economic Planning through Cybernetics & Holistic Accounting. https://youtu.be/I4_8_lDfwEw?si=J-kdRzjIehZqPgs0 Kula, W. (2016). Measures and Men. Princeton University Press. https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691639079/measures-and-men Echterhölter, A. M. (2019). Quantification as Conflict. Witold Kula's Political Metrology and Its Reception in the West . Historyka : studia metodologiczne, 49, 117-141 . Article 9. https://journals.pan.pl/Content/114031/PDF/7%20ECHTERH%C3%96LTER.pdf on Max Weber: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Weber on Double-entry bookkeeping: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-entry_bookkeeping on “proletarian science”: Moore, J.W. (2025). Nature and other dangerous words: Marx, method and the proletarian standpoint in the web of life. Dialectical Anthropology. 49, 149–167. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10624-025-09775-x on Ecosystem services: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem_service on the “Ecological footprint” concept: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_footprint on Thomas Müntzer: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_M%C3%BCntzer on the Royal Botanic Gardens/Kew Gardens: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens_(Kew) on the Stakhanovite movement: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stakhanovite_movement on Cybernetics: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cybernetics on Earth systems science: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_system_science Selcer, P. (2018). The Postwar Origins of the Global Environment. How the United Nations Built Spaceship Earth. Columbia University Press. https://cup.columbia.edu/book/the-postwar-origins-of-the-global-environment/9780231166485/ Medina, E. (2014). Cybernetic Revolutionaries. Technology and Politics in Allende's Chile. MIT Press. https://uberty.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Eden_Medina_Cybernetic_Revolutionaries.pdf on Cybernetics in the Soviet Union: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cybernetics_in_the_Soviet_Union on the Transitional demand: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transitional_demand see also: Trotsky's The Transitional Program: https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1938/tp/ on the Green New Deal: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_New_Deal on the European Green Deal: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Green_Deal on Geoengineering: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoengineering on Johan Rockström: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Rockstr%C3%B6m on Planetary boundaries: https://www.stockholmresilience.org/research/planetary-boundaries.html Klein, N. (2015). This Changes Everything. Capitalism vs. the Climate. Penguin. https://thischangeseverything.org/book/ Kushi, S., & Toft, M. D. (2022). Introducing the Military Intervention Project: A New Dataset on US Military Interventions, 1776–2019. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 67(4), 752-779. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/00220027221117546 on Allen Dulles: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen_Dulles on Reinhard Gehlen: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhard_Gehlen Talbot, D. (2016). The Devil's Chessboard. Allen Dulles, the CIA, and the Rise of America's Secret Government. Harper Collins. https://www.harpercollins.com/products/the-devils-chessboard-david-talbot?variant=32207669559330 on the concept of the Deep State: Scott, P. D. (1996). Deep Politics and the Death of JFK. University of California Press. https://www.ucpress.edu/books/deep-politics-and-the-death-of-jfk/paper Scott, P. D. (2017). The American Deep State. Big Money, Big Oil, and the Struggle for U.S. Democracy. Rowman & Littlefield. https://archive.org/details/americandeepstat0000scot/page/n5/mode/2up Good, A. (2022). American Exception. Empire and the Deep State. Skyhorse Publishing. https://www.skyhorsepublishing.com/9781510769144/american-exception/ on the origin of the concept: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_state_in_Turkey https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susurluk_car_crash recently released files relating to the assassination of JFK on the website of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA): https://www.archives.gov/research/jfk/release-2025 on the current state of knowledge on the Nord Stream Pipeline Explosion: https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/what-is-known-about-nord-stream-gas-pipeline-explosions-2025-08-21/ on the Nord Stream Pipeline Explosion releasing massive Amounts of Methane: https://youtu.be/7KBsf7bX9Nc?si=tDIxlFFF2ThO6Aeb on Systems Dynamics: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_dynamics the ‘Limits to Growth' Report, commissioned by the Club of Rome: https://www.clubofrome.org/publication/the-limits-to-growth/ the Club of Rome: https://www.clubofrome.org/ on Jay Wright Forrester: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay_Wright_Forrester on the concept of the Anthropocene: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropocene on James C. Scott: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_C._Scott Mies, M. & Bennholdt-Thomsen, V. (1999). The Subsistence Perspective. Beyond the Globalised Economy. Zed Books. https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/subsistence-perspective-9781856497763/ on the New Economic Policy (NEP): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Economic_Policy on the Belt and Road Initiative: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belt_and_Road_Initiative Nachmani, A. (1990). Civil War and Foreign Intervention in Greece: 1946-49. Journal of Contemporary History, 25(4), 489–522. https://www.jstor.org/stable/260759 on the “Soft Coup against the Wilson Labour Government”: https://www.declassifieduk.org/a-possible-coup-against-the-labour-government/ https://www.mi5.gov.uk/history/the-cold-war/the-wilson-plot https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2006/mar/15/comment.labour1 on the actions of the US against North Korea in the Korean War: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Korean_War https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombing_of_North_Korea https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegations_of_biological_warfare_in_the_Korean_War on the Cultural Revolution: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_Revolution on Mao's concept of the Mass Line: https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/works/red-book/ch11.htm on Jung's concept of the Collective unconscious: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collective_unconscious on (Neo-)Malthusianism: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malthusianism Ehrlich, P. R. (1971). The Population Bomb. Ballantine Books. http://pinguet.free.fr/ehrlich68.pdf Tainter, J. A. (1988). The Collapse of Complex Societies. Cambridge University Press. https://www.sustainable.soltechdesigns.com/Joseph-A-Tainter-The-collapse-of-complex-societies.pdf on Millenarianism: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millenarianism Enzensberger, H. M. (1978). Two Notes on the End of the World. New Left Review. I/110. https://newleftreview.org/issues/i110/articles/hans-magnus-enzensberger-two-notes-on-the-end-of-the-world Hansen, J. (2010). Storms of my Grandchildren. The Truth about the Coming Climate Catastrophe and Our Last Chance to Save Humanity. Bloomsbury. https://www.bloomsbury.com/in/storms-of-my-grandchildren-9781408807460/ Sweezy, P.M. (1990). Monopoly Capitalism. In: Eatwell, J., Milgate, M., Newman, P. (eds) Marxian Economics. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-349-20572-1_44 on Technofeudalism: Varoufakis, Y. (2024). Technofeudalism. What Killed Capitalism. Penguin. https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/451795/technofeudalism-by-varoufakis-yanis/9781529926095 Durand, C. (2024). How Silicon Valley Unleashed Techno-feudalism. The Making of the Digital Economy. Verso. https://www.versobooks.com/products/2790-how-silicon-valley-unleashed-techno-feudalism Culture, Power and Politics Podcast episode on the debate around the concept “Technofeudalism”: https://culturepowerpolitics.org/2025/07/04/is-capitalism-over-the-technofeudalism-debate/ Conservation International: https://www.conservation.org/ Earth League International: https://earthleagueinternational.org/ Rockström, J. et al. (2024). The Planetary Commons. A new Paradigm for Safeguarding Earth-regulating Systems in the Anthropocene. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2301531121 the Trilateral Commission: https://www.trilateral.org/ the Earth Commission: https://earthcommission.org/ Johan Rockström's interview in the Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/may/29/johan-rockstrom-interview-breaking-boundaries-attenborough-biden   Future Histories Episodes on Related Topics S3E44 | Anna Kornbluh on Climate Counteraesthetics https://www.futurehistories.today/episoden-blog/s03/e44-anna-kornbluh-on-climate-counteraesthetics/ S03E33 | Tadzio Müller zu solidarischem Preppen im Kollaps https://www.futurehistories.today/episoden-blog/s03/e33-tadzio-mueller-zu-solidarischem-preppen-im-kollaps/ S03E30 | Matt Huber & Kohei Saito on Growth, Progress and Left Imaginaries https://www.futurehistories.today/episoden-blog/s03/e30-matt-huber-kohei-saito-on-growth-progress-and-left-imaginaries/ S03E23 | Andreas Malm on Overshooting into Climate Breakdown https://www.futurehistories.today/episoden-blog/s03/e23-andreas-malm-on-overshooting-into-climate-breakdown/ S03E19 | Wendy Brown on Socialist Governmentality https://www.futurehistories.today/episoden-blog/s03/e19-wendy-brown-on-socialist-governmentality/   --- If you are interested in democratic economic planning, these resources might be of help: Democratic planning – an information website https://www.democratic-planning.com/ Sorg, C. & Groos, J. (eds.)(2025). Rethinking Economic Planning. Competition & Change Special Issue Volume 29 Issue 1. https://journals.sagepub.com/toc/ccha/29/1 Groos, J. & Sorg, C. (2025). Creative Construction - Democratic Planning in the 21st Century and Beyond. Bristol University Press. [for a review copy, please contact: amber.lanfranchi[at]bristol.ac.uk] https://bristoluniversitypress.co.uk/creative-construction International Network for Democratic Economic Planning https://www.indep.network/ Democratic Planning Research Platform: https://www.planningresearch.net/ --- Future Histories Contact & Support If you like Future Histories, please consider supporting us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/join/FutureHistories Contact: office@futurehistories.today Twitter: https://twitter.com/FutureHpodcast Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/futurehpodcast/ Mastodon: https://mstdn.social/@FutureHistories English webpage: https://futurehistories-international.com   Episode Keywords #JasonWMoore, #JanGroos, #Interview, #FutureHistories, #FutureHistoriesInternational, #futurehistoriesinternational, #DemocraticPlanning, #DemocraticEconomicPlanning, #PoliticalEconomy, #History, #Revolution, #Revolutions, #Ecology, #Environmental, #Colonialism, #Imperialism, #Capitalism, #Economics, #DeepState, #WorldEcology, #NatureSocietyDivide, #KarlMarx, #Socialism, #Cybernetics

“Una mattina mi son' svegliato…” (Bella Ciao). Na terceira década deste vinte e um, parece que os manifestos de ordem literária são gravados em balas. As palavras com capacidade de ruptura, de suspensão viajam em trajectórias balísticas. Cada tiro carrega uma proposição, um código cheio de carga viral. O atentado ameaça tornar-se o mais pregnante género literário numa época de dissolução das linguagens simbólicas. Este género distingue-se pela concisão absoluta, efeito imediato, impacto sem intermediários. O manifesto literário foi absorvido pelo disparo, num momento em que, mais do que qualquer texto, a imagem determinou que os corpos são os verdadeiros signos, saturando o espaço mediático, num momento em que a aparência consome todo o sentido, em que a estética e a política se confundem. Neste quadro, descontando esses actos mais peremptórios, dos livros, valem os que são escritos com sangue, com a merda, com essas excreções biliosas, essas pedras cultivadas interiormente e que conseguem cortar a luz, devolver-nos a um mundo trevoso. No seu livro, Heróis, Assassínio em Massa e Suicídio, Franco ‘Bifo' Berardi justifica o seu interesse por esses exemplos de brutalidade espectacular por reconhecer naqueles que a praticam a manifestação extrema de uma das tendências mais chamativas da nossa época: “Neles vejo os heróis de uma época niilista, uma era dominada por uma apavorante estupidez – a do capitalismo financeiro.” No entender deste filósofo italiano, nos nossos dias, o espaço do discurso épico foi ocupado pelas semio-corporações, esses aparatos dos quais emanam as ilusões que ocupam todo o horizonte de aspirações contemporâneas. “Aí reside a origem desta forma de tragédia tardo-moderna, nessa fronteira onde as ilusões são tomadas por realidade e as identidades percebidas como formas genuínas de pertença.” Para Bifo, a raça humana, deixando-se guiar por falsos heróis de enganosa substância electromagnética, perdeu a fé na realidade da vida e dos seus prazeres, e passou a acreditar apenas na infinita multiplicação das imagens. Ele serve-se de uma passagem do livro Os Condenados do Ecrã, em que Hito Steyerl assinala um ponto decisivo nesta transição, recordando o momento em que foi lançado o single Heroes, de David Bowie, em 1977: “Em 1977, a análise da situação iluminada pela banda punk The Stranglers proclama uma obviedade: o heroísmo terminou. Trotsky, Lenine e Shakespeare estão mortos. Enquanto os militantes de esquerda acorrem em massa ao funeral dos membros da Fracção do Exército Vermelho Andreas Baader, Gudrun Ensslin e Jan-Carl Raspe, a capa do álbum dos Stranglers mostra uma gigantesca coroa fúnebre de cravos vermelhos e declara: NÃO MAIS HERÓIS. Nunca mais. Mas também em 1977 David Bowie lança o seu single Heroes. Ele canta um novo tipo de herói, justamente a tempo da revolução neoliberal. O herói morreu, longa vida ao herói! Mas o herói de Bowie já não é um sujeito: é um objecto, uma coisa, uma imagem, um esplêndido fetiche — uma mercadoria imbuída de desejo, ressuscitada para além da miséria do seu próprio fim. Basta olhar para um vídeo de 1977 para perceber porquê: Bowie canta-se a si mesmo a partir de três ângulos simultâneos, com técnicas de sobreposição que triplicam a sua imagem; o herói de Bowie não só foi clonado, como sobretudo tornou-se numa imagem que pode ser reproduzida, multiplicada e copiada, um riff que circula sem esforço em anúncios que promovem quase qualquer coisa, um fetiche que embala como produto a glamourosa e impassível imagem de um Bowie para além dos dois géneros. O herói de Bowie já não é um ser humano maior que a vida, a cumprir missões sensacionais e exemplares; nem sequer é um ícone, mas um produto resplandecente dotado de beleza pós-humana: uma imagem e nada mais que uma imagem. A imortalidade deste herói já não provém da sua força para sobreviver a qualquer prova, mas da sua capacidade de ser fotocopiado, reciclado e reencarnado. A destruição alterará a sua forma e aparência, mas a sua substância permanecerá intacta. A imortalidade da coisa é a sua finitude, não a sua eternidade.” Face a este fenómeno seria possível identificar hoje um existencialismo de natureza puramente publicitária. Se ontem este nascia da náusea, e o homem lançado ao mundo era forçado a reconhecer-se livre, responsável, sem desculpa. Hoje, essa náusea foi estetizada, reciclada, convertida em branding. O que resta do ser não é o abismo da liberdade, mas a superfície brilhante do cartaz. Cada sujeito, em vez de se saber condenado à liberdade, descobre-se condenado à visibilidade. A nova metafísica é publicitária. A vida não se projecta — promove-se. O projecto sartriano, essa construção singular que respondia à contingência, converteu-se em storytelling padronizado. Já não me invento no risco de cada gesto, mas no algoritmo que recolhe e redistribui os meus gestos em equivalências de consumo. A angústia? Foi substituída pela ansiedade de não ser suficientemente visível, suficientemente performativo, suficientemente "autêntico" na vitrina universal. O inferno já não são os outros: é o feed. Um espaço onde o ser-para-outro já não é dialéctica mas estatística. Cada like é uma transcendência mínima, um micro-salto ontológico que me arranca por segundos à minha insignificância. A má-fé, outrora mecanismo subtil de fuga, é agora princípio estrutural. Viver é representar uma marca, e negar esse estatuto é apenas confirmar-se como produto de nicho. O homem publicitário não mente a si mesmo: ele é a própria mentira organizada, sistemática, estetizada. Que fazer diante deste deserto saturado de signos? Se em Sartre a liberdade exigia comprometer-se, aqui exige desaparição, opacidade, silêncio. Talvez a única resistência seja um existencialismo clandestino, sem campanhas nem slogans, uma vida que se furta à estetização total. Existir como quem sabota um anúncio: rasgando o cartaz, borrando o ecrã, recusando o brilho do próprio reflexo.

Recentemente, um podcast brasileiro promoveu um debate Trotsky x Stalin. O vídeo, de quase 4 horas de duração, atingiu mais de 200 mil visualizações em duas semanas. Mas afinal, por que uma disputa que aconteceu na União Soviética um século atrás ainda move a esquerda brasileira? Para responder a essa pergunta, o BdF Entrevista desta terça-feira (9) conversa com o historiador Rodrigo Ianhez, especialista em União Soviética.

https://thecommunists.org/2025/07/01/news/history/stalins-library-geoffrey-roberts-resume-book-review-pt3/ Stalin's library shows that his geopolitical outlook was global. As a Bolshevik internationalist he paid attention to revolutionary struggles all over the world. Contrary to the myths peddled by Khrushchev and Trotsky and repeated endlessly by anticommunist historians, Josef Stalin was a selfless, modest and devoted revolutionary, and a lifelong student of Marxist-Leninist science. Subscribe! Donate! Join us in building a bright future for humanity! www.thecommunists.org www.lalkar.org www.redyouth.org Telegram: t.me/thecommunists Twitter: twitter.com/cpgbml Soundcloud: @proletarianradio Rumble: rumble.com/c/theCommunists Odysee: odysee.com/@proletariantv:2 Facebook: www.facebook.com/cpgbml Online Shop: https://shop.thecommunists.org/ Education Program: Each one teach one! www.londonworker.org/education-programme/ Join the struggle www.thecommunists.org/join/ Donate: www.thecommunists.org/donate/  

Agradece a este podcast tantas horas de entretenimiento y disfruta de episodios exclusivos como éste. ¡Apóyale en iVoox! Acceso anticipado para Fans - *** VIDEO EN NUESTRO CANAL DE YOUTUBE **** https://youtube.com/live/O7mDOfRD1Yo +++++ Hazte con nuestras camisetas en https://www.bhmshop.app +++++ #historia #historiamilitar Tras el colapso de los imperios centrales y el hundimiento del zarismo, Europa oriental se convirtió en un tablero abierto, donde las fronteras eran inciertas y los nuevos Estados luchaban por consolidar su existencia. Entre ellos, Polonia, renacida tras 123 años de particiones, se enfrentó a la amenaza emergente del bolchevismo ruso. En este programa analizamos junto a Eduardo Suárez Cuesta en profundidad la Guerra Polaco-Soviética (1919-1921), un conflicto decisivo para el destino de Europa en el siglo XX. Bajo el liderazgo de Józef Piłsudski, las fuerzas polacas enfrentaron no solo a los ejércitos soviéticos, sino al proyecto ideológico de expansión revolucionaria promovido por Lenin y Trotsky. Frente a ellos, comandantes como Tujachevski aspiraban a llevar la revolución hasta Berlín y más allá. Estudiaremos: *Las causas profundas del conflicto: el vacío de poder en Europa Oriental y la pugna por las tierras fronterizas. *Las campañas militares: ofensivas y contraofensivas en Ucrania, Bielorrusia y Polonia. *El papel decisivo del Ejército Polaco y el genio estratégico de Piłsudski. *La Batalla de Varsovia (agosto de 1920), también conocida como El Milagro del Vístula, punto culminante de la guerra. Puedes ampliar este episodio con nuestro programa dedicado a esta batalla clave: LA BATALLA DE VARSOVIA. EL MILAGRO DEL VÍSTULA https://youtu.be/r5TGGjqNNxg BellumArtis Historia Militar recupera con rigor y profundidad un conflicto esencial para comprender el equilibrio europeo tras la Gran Guerra, y cómo la espada polaca detuvo por un instante el avance de la hoz bolchevique. COMPRA EN AMAZON CON EL ENLACE DE BHM Y AYUDANOS ************** https://amzn.to/3ZXUGQl ************* Si queréis apoyar a Bellumartis Historia Militar e invitarnos a un café o u una cerveza virtual por nuestro trabajo, podéis visitar nuestro PATREON https://www.patreon.com/bellumartis o en PAYPALhttps://www.paypal.me/bellumartis o en BIZUM 656/778/825 Escucha este episodio completo y accede a todo el contenido exclusivo de BELLUMARTIS PODCAST. Descubre antes que nadie los nuevos episodios, y participa en la comunidad exclusiva de oyentes en https://go.ivoox.com/sq/618669

Hustle Culture relies on the toxic myth of rugged individualism. Four out of every ten Americans rely on “side-hustles” in the gig economy to make ends meet. For many these side hustles are the only source of income. For decades our political leaders have sold the myth of self-reliance rather than bolstering worker protections. The result is a population that lives in economic precarity and without the benefits and peace of mind associated with steady labor guarantees. There’s nothing inherently wrong with entrepreneurism but our political economy takes advantage of this mindset to strip away safety nets and blame those who cannot fend for themselves. Chapters Intro: 00:00:39 Chapter One: The Bipartisan Consensus on Self-Reliance. 00:04:01 Chapter Two: The Psychology of Rugged Individualism. 00:10:27 Chapter Three: The AI Acceleration: Nothing New Here. 00:16:52 Chapter Four: Reimagining Work. 00:24:37 Resources Economic Policy Institute: National survey of gig workers paints a picture of poor working conditions, low pay Upwork: Freelance Forward 2023 MBO Partners: Authentic and Intentional: State of Independence in America 2024 ADP Research: Illuminating the Shadow Workforce: Insights into the Gig Workforce in Businesses Bureau of Labor Statistics: Union Membership (Annual) News Release Bureau of Labor Statistics: Union Members Summary Bureau of Labor Statistics: Civilian labor force participation rate Axios: Behind the Curtain: A white-collar bloodbath St. Louis Federal Reserve (FRED): Labor Force Participation Rate Economic Policy Institute: 16 million workers were unionized in 2024 Book Love Giovanni Arrighi: The Long Twentieth Century: Money, Power and the Origins of Our Times UNFTR Resources Un-Cooperative: Why Worker Co-Ops Don’t Work in America. Strike! Reality checking the labor movement. Understanding Socialism: A History of Socialist Thought from Beccaria to Trotsky. Video: What They Don’t Tell You About Hustle Culture -- If you like #UNFTR, please leave us a rating and review on Apple Podcasts and Spotify: unftr.com/rate and follow us on Facebook, Bluesky, TikTok and Instagram at @UNFTRpod. Visit us online at unftr.com. Join our Discord at unftr.com/discord. Become a member at unftr.com/memberships. Buy yourself some Unf*cking Coffee at shop.unftr.com. Visit our bookshop.org page at bookshop.org/shop/UNFTRpod to find the full UNFTR book list, and find book recommendations from our Unf*ckers at bookshop.org/lists/unf-cker-book-recommendations. Access the UNFTR Musicless feed by following the instructions at unftr.com/accessibility. Unf*cking the Republic is produced by 99 and engineered by Manny Faces Media (mannyfacesmedia.com). Original music is by Tom McGovern (tommcgovern.com). The show is hosted by Max and distributed by 99.Support the show: https://www.unftr.com/membershipsSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Mochileros Radio Efemérides: Monteagudo, Pucará, Trotsky, Masacre de Trelew, Borges, Vallese y la Voyager 1. 🌎 “Qué pasa Latinoamérica”: asesinato del senador Uribe. 🗣️ “Debajo del Puente”: estigmatización en los medios. 🎶 Folklore y memoria con Mercedes, Zitarrosa, Spinetta, Eva Ayllón… 🔥 Cierre: Charly doctor honoris causa y Sandro 80 años.

In 1973, just two people attended the lonely funeral of May O'Callaghan, an Irish emigrant in North London. Few could have imagined that this quiet woman from Wexford had once stood at the very heart of Soviet power. In the 1920s, May O'Callaghan worked in the Kremlin as the Soviet Union emerged, working alongside figures like Stalin, Trotsky, and the future Marshal Tito.For decades, her remarkable story was forgotten until historian Maurice Casey uncovered her story in his acclaimed book, Hotel Lux. In this episode, I interview Maurice about May's life and the extraordinary journey that took May from Ireland to the corridors of Soviet power.Get your copy of Hotel Lux: https://linktr.ee/hotelluxpreordersCheck out Maurice's personal website: mauricejcasey.comSupport The Irish History Podcast patreon.com/irishpodcast Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

https://thecommunists.org/2025/05/01/news/history/stalins-library-geoffrey-roberts-resume-book-review-pt2/ ‘Though overshadowed by Trotsky in historical memory, there were few Bolshevik leaders more important than Stalin in 1917.' Contrary to the myths peddled by Khrushchev and Trotsky and repeated endlessly by anticommunist historians, Josef Stalin was a selfless, modest and devoted revolutionary, and a lifelong student of Marxist-Leninist science. Subscribe! Donate! Join us in building a bright future for humanity! http://www.thecommunists.org http://www.lalkar.org http://www.redyouth.or Telegram: https://t.me/thecommunists Twitter: https://twitter.com/cpgbml Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/proletarianradio Rumble: https://rumble.com/c/theCommunists Odysee: https://odysee.com/@proletariantv:2 Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/cpgbml Online Shop: https://shop.thecommunists.org/ Education Program: Each one teach one! http://www.londonworker.org/education-programme/ Join the struggle! https://www.thecommunists.org/join/ Donate: https://www.thecommunists.org/donate/

Grant and Danny spar over the nature of Coming of Age movies, look over Master P's new culinary offerings, and the show gets a phone-in from a certain New York mayoral candidate.The Mississippi Masala: https://www.therawtarian.com/community/recipe/mississippi-masala

El episodio muestra el ascenso de Stalin, tras la muerte de Lenin en 1924, su lucha por el poder contra Trotsky, el inicio de los planes quinquenales y las grandes purgas de los años 30.

So white, not to be into it! Mayors, not "intimidated" by Trump! RIP Jimmy Swaggart. Trotsky out-Marxed Marx! Anti-bullying law in TN?! "Reading is bad for you."The Hake Report, Wednesday, July 2, 2025 ADTIMESTAMPS* (0:00:00) Start* (0:02:15) Disclaimers, Announcement* (0:05:03) Hey, guys!* (0:08:56) WHM T-shirt story* (0:12:06) Oops it's 4th of July; Coffee from Canada Day, Michael Bolton* (0:17:01) MARK, L.A.: Bilbo, Stoner, Rockwell… Kush "debunking"…* (0:29:14) MARK: "Civil Rights," Zohran Mamdani, "Unmask ICE"* (0:36:11) Punchie chat, so white* (0:42:07) WILLIAM 7 click* (0:42:38) DANIEL, TX: WHM, Tolstoy, not Trotsky!* (0:46:40) DANIEL: US Fiction, Larry McMurtry, Lonesome Dove* (0:53:00) WILLIAM 7, CA: the hangup on Kush, and IQ* (1:03:55) Coffees* (1:10:23) RIP Jimmy Swaggart, CNN is fake news?!* (1:17:09) DAVID, Ocala: Slugbug; Walmart: South America* (1:21:49) DAVID: Jimmy Swaggart, Livin' on Borrowed Time, meant well* (1:26:43) DAVID: July 4, 40 years ago, 19yos tried off me! One apologized.* (1:29:56) Trotsky may have out-Marxed Marx! “Intimidated” Karen Bass, Zohran Mamdani* (1:39:15) TN anti-bullying law, cmon t swift!* (1:43:10) JASON, Long Island: Hake gaming? Like JLP plays* (1:45:47) ALEX, CA: Smoke detectors; Reading is bad; Serving Satan* (1:50:54) ROB, NorCal, FE: NASA is money-laundering* (1:52:40) ALLEN, MI: The Hake Report and Forum* (1:54:34) ClosingBLOG https://www.thehakereport.com/blog/2025/7/2/the-hake-report-wed-7-2-25PODCAST / Substack HAKE NEWS from JLP https://www.thehakereport.com/jlp-news/2025/7/2/evil-is-not-playing-jlp-wed-7-2-25–Hake is live M-F 9-11a PT (11-1CT/12-2ET) Call-in 1-888-775-3773 https://www.thehakereport.com/showVIDEO: YT - Rumble* - Pilled - FB - X - BitChute (Live) - Odysee*PODCAST: Substack - Apple - Spotify - Castbox - Podcast Addict*SUPER CHAT https://buymeacoffee.com/thehakereportSHOP - Printify (new!) - Cameo | All My LinksJLP Network: JLP - Church - TFS - Nick - PunchieThe views expressed on this show do not represent BOND, Jesse Lee Peterson, the Network, this Host, or this platform. No endorsement or opposition implied!The show is for general information and entertainment, and everything should be taken with a grain of salt! Get full access to HAKE at thehakereport.substack.com/subscribe

Freedom of speech squelched for MONEY and acceptance. Trotsky pushed "racism," not Tolstoy! Dying civilization! Tartarian conspiracy. Space denial.The Hake Report, Tuesday, July 1, 2025 ADTIMESTAMPS* (0:00:00) Start* (0:05:00) Hey, guys!* (0:07:46) Turkey riot, cartoonists detained* (0:16:04) Pardon my strange interlude* (0:18:01) JAIME, MN: Alligators, Rwanda, Iran, religion cartoon* (0:24:19) JAIME: "Bipartisan border bill," Constitution, politics* (0:32:55) Super: LYC… I meant Trotsky, not Tolstoy!* (0:41:10) Coffees: Adam & Eve, Pot abstinence, mixing* (0:51:57) Dying civilization… Joseph Warren* (0:57:18) TERRI, OR: Tartarian conspiracy … Trump?* (1:09:14) ALLEN, MI: JLP detox? Bimbos in space* (1:20:14) STEV'N, MD: Losers! I'm a winner.* (1:36:58) ROB, NorCal: Tartaria: Movies vs "News." Space is fake!* (1:55:08) Oops, I'm late! Gotta go!BLOG https://thehakereport.com/episodesPODCAST / Substack HAKE NEWS from JLP https://www.thehakereport.com/news–Hake is live M-F 9-11a PT (11-1CT/12-2ET) Call-in 1-888-775-3773 https://www.thehakereport.com/showVIDEO: YT - Rumble* - Pilled - FB - X - BitChute (Live) - Odysee*PODCAST: Substack - Apple - Spotify - Castbox - Podcast Addict*SUPER CHAT https://buymeacoffee.com/thehakereportSHOP - Printify (new!) - Cameo | All My LinksJLP Network: JLP - Church - TFS - Nick - PunchieThe views expressed on this show do not represent BOND, Jesse Lee Peterson, the Network, this Host, or this platform. No endorsement or opposition implied!The show is for general information and entertainment, and everything should be taken with a grain of salt! Get full access to HAKE at thehakereport.substack.com/subscribe

**On Tuesday evening, C. Derick Varn will join us AGAIN for Macro ‘n Chill, our weekly community gathering. While listening to this episode, we will have the opportunity to ask questions and engage in discussion about Part Two. June 17th, 8 pm ET/5 pm PT Click HERE to register The second half of Steve's conversation with Derick Varn goes into the history of the socialist movement from the 1960s to the present. Derick traces some of the current factionalism back to the ideological battles between Trotsky and Stalin covered in Part One of this series. This includes the debates on ‘socialism in one country' versus international socialism. He covers further divisions within Trotskyism, the Red Scare's successful suppression of the CPUSA, and the formation of the Black Panthers. He describes the rise of Maoism, its influence on student movements in the West, and further ideological splits. Steve and Derick emphasize that historical developments are always connected to the material conditions of their time. Even the Bernie Sanders movement. They talk of the struggles intrinsic to past and present socialist organizations and reflect on the modern implications of these ideologies and the challenges of organizing under current capitalist conditions. “In the ‘Eighteenth Brumaire,' Marx talks about how all great revolutions play-act a revolutionary moment of the past. So, for him... he talked about the English Civil War and the Bible, and the French Revolution, and the Roman Empire.  “We are stuck LARPing the past because we don't know what the future is.” C. Derick Varn is a poet, teacher, and political theorist. He is the host of Varn Vlog. He was a reader at Zer0 books from 2015 to 2021. He spent most of the 2010s outside the U.S. in the Republic of Korea, Mexico, and Egypt. He is the author of the poetry collections, Apocalyptics and Liberation and All the Bright Etcetera. https://varnblog.substack.com Find all his links at https://allmylinks.com/dionysuseatsyou

Send us a textTransaction costs are the friction in the gears of society, but the worst transaction costs are the ones that reflect government failure. You can see it in ever cliche about government, from the dreaded DMV lines to the passport control bottleneck. Drawing on Milton Friedman's "Barking Cats" essay from 1973, I explore why bureaucracy remains fundamentally immune to reform efforts, regardless of which political party holds power.The frustrating reality is that bureaucracies operate with completely different incentives than private businesses. While companies balance money costs against convenience to attract customers, government agencies focus solely on their budgets while taxing citizens with enormous "trouble costs." North Carolina's DMV perfectly illustrates this dysfunction—appointments require six-month waits while the state proudly touts its budget savings. Most maddening is that these aren't even genuine services, but rather artificial permission requirements the government imposes before allowing us to live our lives.This represents a textbook government failure—what economists call a Pareto inferior outcome. Most citizens would gladly pay slightly more in fees or taxes to avoid wasting hours (or months) of their lives in bureaucratic purgatory. That additional revenue could easily fund more staff and faster service. Yet the system has no mechanism to capture these preferences or respond to them.The problem isn't partisan, and it can't be fixed by shuffling leadership or staff. As Chris Rock might say about bureaucracy—"that tiger ain't go crazy, that tiger went tiger." Bureaucracy simply acts according to its nature. Reformers who believe they can fundamentally change how these institutions function are like people who want cats that bark—they fundamentally misunderstand the beast they're dealing with.Listen in for insights on why bureaucratic inefficiency persists despite our best efforts, complete with revealing (but not really funny) quotes from political thinkers ranging from Schumpeter to Trotsky. Have your own bureaucratic horror story to share? Let me know in the comments or on social media.Links:Friedman article 1973Keech and Munger article 2015Chris Rock, "Tiger!"Parkinson's LawMichael Munger: The "Trouble Tax"If you have questions or comments, or want to suggest a future topic, email the show at taitc.email@gmail.com ! You can follow Mike Munger on Twitter at @mungowitz

**This Tuesday evening, C. Derick Varn will join us for Macro ‘n Chill, our weekly community gathering. While listening to this episode, folks will have the opportunity to ask questions and engage in discussion. June 10th, 8 pm ET/5 pm PT Click HERE to register This episode is the first of a two-part discussion delving into historical splits within socialism. C. Derick Varn, the host of Varn Vlog, has an extensive background in philosophy, anthropology, and history. He takes us from the First and Second Internationals to the ideological divergences of Trotskyism and Stalinism. He also discusses the factions within Leninism, the impact of World War I on socialist strategies, and the emergence of Trotskyist and Marxist-Leninist thought. The episode navigates through key historical figures, including Lenin, Trotsky, and Stalin. Of course it wouldn't be Macro N Cheese without a look at Modern Monetary Theory and its place in a discussion of socialist theory. C. Derick Varn is a poet, teacher, and political theorist. He is the host of Varn Vlog. He was a reader at Zer0 books from 2015 to 2021. He spent most of the 2010s outside the U.S. in the Republic of Korea, Mexico, and Egypt. He is the author of the poetry collections, Apocalyptics and Liberation and All the Bright Etcetera. https://varnblog.substack.comFind all his links at https://allmylinks.com/dionysuseatsyou .

Con Jordi Cerdà hablamos de diversos personajes próximos a la Revolución Rusa como Rasputín (que murió justo antes), el propi zar Nicolás, Lenin, Trotsky, Stalin... y otros.

Dr. Johnny Lupinacci and Producer Jakob are extremely fortunate this Wednesday as they're briefly able to establish a ham radio connection with Dr. Tim Slekar. Tim takes a brief break from his long march through the countryside to discuss Marxism, Communism, and how you don't necessarily have to be a dirty pinko to think that the government should care about its people. Also featured; discussions of roleplaying as leftist intellectuals (Jakob calls dibs on Trotsky), discussion of the obligations of citizens in a democratic society, and a few crickets. BustED Pencils: Fully Leaded Education Talk is part of Civic Media. Subscribe to the podcast to be sure not to miss out on a single episode! Go to bustedpencils.com for swag, all of our episodes, and for information on partnering with us! For information on all of the programming across the Civic Media network, head over to https://civicmedia.us/shows. Join the conversation by calling or texting us at 608-557-8577 to leave a message!

Preview: Author Craig Unger, "House of Trump, House of Putin," recovers the legend of campaign professional Paul Manafort, now out of prison and returned to the circles around Putin. More later. 1920 TROTSKY

Go forth and multiply with Ryan, Brant and Rosey! . . . YOU DON'T KNOW MOJACK is a podcast dedicated to exploring the entire SST catalogue, in order, from start to finish. During the podcast we will discuss all the releases that are part of our core DNA, as well as many lesser-known releases that deserve a second chance, or releases that we are discovering for the very first time (we actually don't know Mojack!). First and foremost we are fans, and acknowledge that we are not perfect and don't know everything – sometimes the discussion is more about a time, place, feeling, personal experience or random tangents, and less about the facts (but we will try to get to the facts too). Facebook: www.facebook.com/mojackpod/ Twitter: @mojackpod Instagram: www.instagram.com/mojackpod/ Blog: www.mojackpod.com/ Tumblr: www.tumblr.com/blog/mojackpod Theme Song: Shockflesh

By the late 1980s the Militant tendency, the organization which Ted Grant led before founding our international, became the most successful Trotskyist tendency in Britain since the founding of Trotsky's Left Opposition.At its height Militant was a household name. Everybody knew about the Militant Tendency, not just in Britain but internationally. Militant controlled the Labour Party Young Socialists, had a growing influence in the Labour Party and the unions, had more than 50 councilors and 3 Members of Parliament. It led the Liverpool City Council in battle with the Tory government and also the multi-million strong anti-Poll Tax Campaign, which eventually brought down Thatcher!And yet, today not a single trace is left of what was built. So what went wrong?To educate comrades on this important history and draw out the lessons for building the Revolutionary Communist International today, Communist Revolution editor Joel Bergman presents on how the Militant was built, and how it was destroyed.#communist #marxist #revolutionarycommunistinternational #rci #internationalmarxisttendency #imt#tedgrant #grantism #trotskyist #trotskyism #britishtrotskyism #trotsky #themilitant #militanttendency #cwi #committeeforaworkersinternational #socialistpartybritain #socialistalternative #taaffe #petertaaffe

Today we explore the explosive fight over tariffs that took place in Britain in the first decade of the twentieth century. David talks to historian Robert Saunders about how Joseph Chamberlain made tariff reform a great popular cause and how it nearly destroyed his party. Are there parallels with Trump's tariff wars today? Yes! Are there lessons for Trump's opponents too? Yes! Out now on PPF+: Lenin and Trotsky part 2, taking the story on from 1917 to explore civil war, the rise of Stalin and the re-invention of Trotskyism. To get this and all our bonus episodes plus ad-free listening sign up now to PPF+ https://www.ppfideas.com/join-ppf-plus Next time on Ideas of Globalisation: The Smoot-Hawley disaster (and Trump!) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

We start a new mini-series on the history of ideas of globalisation by exploring how arguments from 150 years ago foreshadow what's happening with Trump today. David talks to economic historian Marc Palen about the nineteenth-century fight between economic nationalists and the champions of an open economy. Was free trade for everyone or just for white people? Was it possible to be an imperialist and a globalist? What did the socialists want? And who thought that Canada should be annexed by the United States? Out now on PPF+: Lenin and Trotsky part 2, taking the story on from 1917 to explore civil war, the rise of Stalin and the re-invention of Trotskyism. To get this and all our bonus episodes plus ad-free listening sign up now to PPF+ https://www.ppfideas.com/join-ppf-plus Next time on Ideas of Globalisation: The Tariff Wars of the 1900s.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

To conclude this part of our revolutionary ideas series, we explore the overlapping lives and thinking of two emblematic twentieth-century revolutionaries: Lenin and Trotsky. David talks to historian of Russia Edward Acton about what inspired them, what connected them and what divided them. How were they radicalised? How did they interpret the failure of the 1905 revolution? How did they make the 1917 revolution happen? Available from Saturday on PPF+: Lenin and Trotsky part 2, taking the story on from 1917 to explore civil war, the rise of Stalin and the re-invention of Trotskyism. To get this and all our bonus episodes plus ad-free listening sign up now to PPF+ https://www.ppfideas.com/join-ppf-plus Out tomorrow a new edition of our free fortnightly newsletter with links, clips and guides to all our recent episodes. Join our mailing list https://www.ppfideas.com/newsletters Next time the start of a new series: The History of Globalisation Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The British state's long history of betraying workers isn't new, but does often revolve around Liverpool. Come learn about why Labour freaks get so mad when they talk about Militant, something in history that has NO PARALLELS WITH TODAY. So that's good. Subscribe for two whole bonus episodes a month: https://www.patreon.com/praxiscast Watch streams: https://www.twitch.tv/praxiscast Buy shirts: https://praxiscast.teemill.com/ Follow us: https://bsky.app/profile/praxiscast.bsky.social Cast: Jamie - https://bsky.app/profile/wizardcubes.bsky.social David - https://bsky.app/profile/sanitarynaptime.bsky.social Rob - https://bsky.app/profile/trufflehog.bsky.social Alasdair - https://bsky.app/profile/ballistari.bsky.social

This week David and Madeline finish our two part episode about the Italian syndicalists!PATREON:https://www.patreon.com/pickmeupimscared/SOURCES:⁠Anderson, Considerations on Western Marxism⁠ ⁠Clark, Antonio Gramsci and the Revolution That Failed⁠⁠Gramsci, The Antonio Gramsci Reader: Selected Writings 1916-1935⁠⁠Emmerson, “Gabriele D'Annunzio's Fiume Escapade.”⁠⁠Bertrand, “The Biennio Rosso: Anarchists and Revolutionary Syndicalists in Italy, 1919-1920.”⁠⁠Lenin, “Terms of Admission into Communist International.”⁠⁠Trudell, “Gramsci: The Turin Years.”⁠ ⁠Trotsky, “Speech in Discussion of the Italian Question.”⁠

This week Chris talks to Jason and Matthew about their new podcast: Unbreakable Union. This ambitious project will span six seasons with one decade being covered per season. Check out our episode then listen to the podcast here or on your preferred podcatcher. It should be showing up everywhere in the next few days. https://www.buzzsprout.com/2462690Also, come join our Patreon and get access to our discord! Click below:Send us a message (sorry we can't respond on here). Support the show

This week, David and Madeline talk about Italy, Biennio Rossa, and what age is too young to not know how to put your phone on silent!PATREON:https://www.patreon.com/c/pickmeupimscared/SOURCES:Anderson, Considerations on Western Marxism Clark, Antonio Gramsci and the Revolution That FailedGramsci, The Antonio Gramsci Reader: Selected Writings 1916-1935Emmerson, “Gabriele D'Annunzio's Fiume Escapade.”Bertrand, “The Biennio Rosso: Anarchists and Revolutionary Syndicalists in Italy, 1919-1920.”Lenin, “Terms of Admission into Communist International.”Trudell, “Gramsci: The Turin Years.” Trotsky, “Speech in Discussion of the Italian Question.”

2:30 Green Scam Implodes: Climate Startups Swap CO2 Lies for Fighter Jets and Depopulation Bombs      Climate startups once preaching “save the planet” are now churning out jet fighters and AI war machines—guzzling fossil fuels and spewing bombs like there's no tomorrow! Forget CO2—these green grifters never cared about the Earth; it's always been a depopulation cash grab, from Paul Ehrlich's “population bomb” to vaccine plagues.     Meanwhile, an AI study (led by Grok 3!) and a maverick scientist shred the UN's climate hoax, proving solar cycles—not your carbon footprint—rule the planet.     Oh, and global headcounts? Off by billions, says a dam-busting study! Trump's coal comeback might just torch this scam—but is it too late to stop the elitist kill-machine 33:00 Tesla Tanks, China Soars, and Your Wallet Bleeds in a Trade War Fiasco     Trump's latest tariff tirade is a high-octane disaster! With a dictator's pen stroke, he's slapped a 25% tax on autos, jacking up the average car price by a staggering $12,000 overnight—straight out of your pocket! Tesla's sales in Europe have crashed while China's BYD rockets      Are tariffs meant to help domestic manufacturers? Stocks for GM and Ford are tanking as trade war retaliation looms. 48:27 EU Prepares for War: Panic, Propaganda, and the REAL Scandal No One Talks About      The EU is ramping up for war, advising citizens to stockpile a mere 72 hours of supplies while downplaying the true dangers looming.     Forget the media frenzy about “Signal”, the real scandal is the violation of the Constitution, not the violation of “national security”.  And what about the morality of the unleashing of death on the other side of the world as they wine and dine at a MILLION DOLLAR A PLATE Mar-a-Lago fundraiser?     From the secretive military operations in Diego Garcia to bombings in Yemen, the world is heading toward chaos—and it's not just about national security, it's about a global power reset. Get the truth behind the headlines before it's too late. 1:09:11 Iranian Christians Deported: Real Refugees Thrown to Wolves     A group of Iranian Christians, facing execution for their faith, begged for U.S. asylum—only to be betrayed by the Trump administration and dumped in Panama with a 30-day return nearly up.     A gripping tale of underground churches and deadly persecution, and American indifference 1:17:42 Abortion's Marxist Roots in Today's Woke War on FamilyWe can see the fruit of the Soviet Union's 1920 abortion legalization and Trotsky's view of replacing the family with government in today's secularist society shoving Christians out of the public square.  The remedy was explained 150 years ago by a politician who nearly became President but became a pastor instead when he lost by 1 vote 1:35:22 Gold's Meteoric Rise, the Dollar's Demise, and Trump's Tariff Chaos Spark a Global Financial ResetGold has surged past $3,000 an ounce and held on or increased admit the chaos. Tony Arterburn joins David Knight as central banks are hoarding gold like it's the last lifeboat on a sinking ship. Is this the orchestrated collapse of the dollar paving the way for a dazzling new financial world order? Visit DavidKnight.Gold for stability and privacy that's priceless 2:19:58 Thank you to CashApp donors 2:21:20 Measles Death? Parents of Child Reveal She Died of Malpractice     A 6-year-old girl's death, hyped as a measles tragedy, was actually a chilling case of medical malpractice Meanwhile, vaccine rates drop as trust in “public health” tyrants crumbles so Daily Mail screams the "world's most infectious disease” comes to DC— not bureaucrats but measles?      And Washington Post goes on the attack when their beloved vax is to be investigated.  What's the truth about mercury?  Is there a connection between vaccines and MS? 2:47:06 Vaccines: The Parasite Pipeline to MS?As research reveals a massive increase in MS after vaccination, a doctor says 100% of MS autopsies had parasites.  Is there a connection? If you would like to support the show and our family please consider subscribing monthly here: SubscribeStar https://www.subscribestar.com/the-david-knight-show Or you can send a donation throughMail: David Knight POB 994 Kodak, TN 37764Zelle: @DavidKnightShow@protonmail.comCash App at: $davidknightshowBTC to: bc1qkuec29hkuye4xse9unh7nptvu3y9qmv24vanh7Money should have intrinsic value AND transactional privacy: Go to DavidKnight.gold for great deals on physical gold/silverFor 10% off Gerald Celente's prescient Trends Journal, go to TrendsJournal.com and enter the code KNIGHTFor 10% off supplements and books, go to RNCstore.com and enter the code KNIGHTBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-david-knight-show--2653468/support.

2:30 Green Scam Implodes: Climate Startups Swap CO2 Lies for Fighter Jets and Depopulation Bombs      Climate startups once preaching “save the planet” are now churning out jet fighters and AI war machines—guzzling fossil fuels and spewing bombs like there's no tomorrow! Forget CO2—these green grifters never cared about the Earth; it's always been a depopulation cash grab, from Paul Ehrlich's “population bomb” to vaccine plagues.     Meanwhile, an AI study (led by Grok 3!) and a maverick scientist shred the UN's climate hoax, proving solar cycles—not your carbon footprint—rule the planet.     Oh, and global headcounts? Off by billions, says a dam-busting study! Trump's coal comeback might just torch this scam—but is it too late to stop the elitist kill-machine 33:00 Tesla Tanks, China Soars, and Your Wallet Bleeds in a Trade War Fiasco     Trump's latest tariff tirade is a high-octane disaster! With a dictator's pen stroke, he's slapped a 25% tax on autos, jacking up the average car price by a staggering $12,000 overnight—straight out of your pocket! Tesla's sales in Europe have crashed while China's BYD rockets      Are tariffs meant to help domestic manufacturers? Stocks for GM and Ford are tanking as trade war retaliation looms. 48:27 EU Prepares for War: Panic, Propaganda, and the REAL Scandal No One Talks About      The EU is ramping up for war, advising citizens to stockpile a mere 72 hours of supplies while downplaying the true dangers looming.     Forget the media frenzy about “Signal”, the real scandal is the violation of the Constitution, not the violation of “national security”.  And what about the morality of the unleashing of death on the other side of the world as they wine and dine at a MILLION DOLLAR A PLATE Mar-a-Lago fundraiser?     From the secretive military operations in Diego Garcia to bombings in Yemen, the world is heading toward chaos—and it's not just about national security, it's about a global power reset. Get the truth behind the headlines before it's too late. 1:09:11 Iranian Christians Deported: Real Refugees Thrown to Wolves     A group of Iranian Christians, facing execution for their faith, begged for U.S. asylum—only to be betrayed by the Trump administration and dumped in Panama with a 30-day return nearly up.     A gripping tale of underground churches and deadly persecution, and American indifference 1:17:42 Abortion's Marxist Roots in Today's Woke War on FamilyWe can see the fruit of the Soviet Union's 1920 abortion legalization and Trotsky's view of replacing the family with government in today's secularist society shoving Christians out of the public square.  The remedy was explained 150 years ago by a politician who nearly became President but became a pastor instead when he lost by 1 vote 1:35:22 Gold's Meteoric Rise, the Dollar's Demise, and Trump's Tariff Chaos Spark a Global Financial ResetGold has surged past $3,000 an ounce and held on or increased admit the chaos. Tony Arterburn joins David Knight as central banks are hoarding gold like it's the last lifeboat on a sinking ship. Is this the orchestrated collapse of the dollar paving the way for a dazzling new financial world order? Visit DavidKnight.Gold for stability and privacy that's priceless 2:19:58 Thank you to CashApp donors 2:21:20 Measles Death? Parents of Child Reveal She Died of Malpractice     A 6-year-old girl's death, hyped as a measles tragedy, was actually a chilling case of medical malpractice Meanwhile, vaccine rates drop as trust in “public health” tyrants crumbles so Daily Mail screams the "world's most infectious disease” comes to DC— not bureaucrats but measles?      And Washington Post goes on the attack when their beloved vax is to be investigated.  What's the truth about mercury?  Is there a connection between vaccines and MS? 2:47:06 Vaccines: The Parasite Pipeline to MS?As research reveals a massive increase in MS after vaccination, a doctor says 100% of MS autopsies had parasites.  Is there a connection?If you would like to support the show and our family please consider subscribing monthly here: SubscribeStar https://www.subscribestar.com/the-david-knight-show Or you can send a donation throughMail: David Knight POB 994 Kodak, TN 37764Zelle: @DavidKnightShow@protonmail.comCash App at: $davidknightshowBTC to: bc1qkuec29hkuye4xse9unh7nptvu3y9qmv24vanh7Money should have intrinsic value AND transactional privacy: Go to DavidKnight.gold for great deals on physical gold/silverFor 10% off Gerald Celente's prescient Trends Journal, go to TrendsJournal.com and enter the code KNIGHTFor 10% off supplements and books, go to RNCstore.com and enter the code KNIGHTBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-real-david-knight-show--5282736/support.

Rick Spence is an apex expert on all things spies, occult, and conspiracy. A former professor at University of Idaho, he has a new podcast called Strange as it Seems where he tells the tales of many dark secrets you haven't heard before. He also has a series on Great Courses.We talk about the greatest spy in history, Kim Philby, as well as Aleister Crowly, MK Ultra, Scopalamine, Rudolf Hess being given Mexican Brain Poison, and Trotsky's number 2 being found dead in the Adirondacks. The Carousel is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit thecarousel.substack.com/subscribe

In this episode, Alyson and Breht welcome Brendan back on the show for the first time in a few years. Together, we dive deep into Leon Trotsky's Fascism: What It Is and How to Fight It, a sharp and urgent intervention written in the shadow of the Nazi rise to power. We unpack Trotsky's class analysis of fascism, the role of the petite bourgeoisie, his searing critiques of both sectarian isolationism and liberal class collaboration, and his insistence on the United Front as the only viable revolutionary response. Alongside historical context, we explore in depth whether Trotsky's framework still applies to today's far-right movements, neoliberal authoritarianism, Trump's Oligarchic second term, and a decaying capitalist order teetering on the edge. What does fascism look like in 2025—and what must we do to resist it? Outro Song: May All The Lower Realms Be Empty by Friends in Real Life ----------------------------- Support Rev Left and get access to bonus episodes: www.patreon.com/revleftradio Make a one-time donation to Rev Left at BuyMeACoffee.com/revleftradio Follow, Subscribe, & Learn more about Rev Left Radio HERE

In this episode, Alyson and Breht welcome Brendan to the show, a close comrade with a bit more sympathy toward Trotsky in order to be as fair as possible and get a fresh perspective. Together, we dive deep into Leon Trotsky's Fascism: What It Is and How to Fight It, a sharp and urgent intervention written in the shadow of the Nazi rise to power. We unpack Trotsky's class analysis of fascism, the role of the petite bourgeoisie, his searing critiques of both sectarian isolationism and liberal class collaboration, and his insistence on the United Front as the only viable revolutionary response. Alongside historical context, we explore in depth whether Trotsky's framework still applies to today's far-right movements, neoliberal authoritarianism, Trump's Oligarchic second term, and a decaying capitalist order teetering on the edge. What does fascism look like in 2025—and what must we do to resist it? Outro Song: May All The Lower Realms Be Empty by Friends in Real Life Learn more about, follow, and support Red Menance HERE

I love learning from fellow writers about their inspiration, style, brilliant insights, and so much more. Author and professor, Chuck Rosenthal joins me to discuss: writing about his personal trauma history in a memoir his insights on learning from what's around you and what you read his wisdom on telling your story and discovering your characters the importance of keeping your mind alive and so much more! Welcome to The Healing Place Podcast! I am your host, Teri Wellbrock. You can listen in on Pandora, iTunes, Blubrry, Spotify, iHeartRadio, Stitcher, Deezer, Google Podcasts, Amazon Music, and more, or directly on my website at www.teriwellbrock.com/podcasts/. You can also catch our insightful interview on YouTube. Bio: Chuck Rosenthal Chuck Rosenthal was born in Erie, Pennsylvania. He attended Allegheny College, Bowling Green State University, SUNY Buffalo, and the University of California, Davis, where he earned several advanced degrees in English, Sociological Theory and philosophy. He earned a Ph.D. in English and American literature with emphasis in creative writing and narrative theory from the University of Utah. Rosenthal is the author of fourteen novels: the Loop Trilogy: Loop's Progress, Experiments with Life and Deaf, and Loop's End; Elena of the Stars; Avatar Angel, the Last Novel of Jack Kerouac; My Mistress Humanity; The Heart of Mars; Coyote O'Donohughe's History of Texas; Ten Thousand Heavens; The Legend of La Diosa; You Can Fly, a Sequel to the Peter Pan Tales; The Hammer the Sickle and the Heart, Trotsky and Kahlo in Mexico; and Let's Face the Music and Dance a hybrid novel. He has published a memoir, Never Let Me Go, and a travel book, Are We Not There Yet? Travels in Nepal, North India, and Bhutan (Magic Journalism), as well as a second book of Magic Journalism, West of Eden: A Life in 21st Century Los Angeles. Rosenthal published two books of experimental poetry, Tomorrow you'll Be One of Us (sci-fi poems with Gil Wronsky and Gronk, illustrator) and The Shortest Farewells Are the Best (noir poems, also with Gail Wronsky). They also wrote and directed the sci-fi play, People of Earth, This Is Your Last Warning, performed at the Craft and Folk Art Museum in Los Angeles. Rosenthal has written a book of animal philosophy, How the Animals Around You Think, the Semiotics of Animal Cognition. He's published in numerous journals, and read and lectured at universities and on television and radio throughout the U.S. as well as in Mexico, Argentina, India and England. ​Website: https://chuckrosenthal.com/   Teri's #1 book as a new-release in the Aging Parents category: https://a.co/d/5m1j2Kr Teri's audiobooks: https://www.audible.com/search?searchNarrator=Teri+Wellbrock&ref=a_pd_The-Be_c1_narrator_1&pf_rd_p=df6bf89c-ab0c-4323-993a-2a046c7399f9&pf_rd_r=B7A6GV5QNZFF621RXWP4&pageLoadId=lXhpwTs0D4YwhCM8&creativeId=16015ba4-2e2d-4ae3-93c5-e937781a25cd Teri's monthly newsletter: https://us18.campaign-archive.com/?u=8265f971343b0f411b871aba1&id=1352bd63df Teri's book launch team: https://www.facebook.com/groups/unicornshadows   AMAZON AFFILIATE Teri Wellbrock and Unicorn Shadows are a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. In other words, I make commission off of purchases made using any affiliate links on my site.

Send us a textToday, we wrap up the series on the final Moscow Show Trial in which 21 men would lose their lives in a trial short on reality and long on self admission of quilt.Support the show

In 1917, Lev Bronshtein – also known as Leon Trotsky – spent 10 weeks in exile in New York City. The Russian revolutionary hoped to spark a socialist revolution in the United States, but found disappointment when American workers didn't respond the way he had hoped. Trotsky's time in New York is the subject of Robert Littell's latest novel, Bronshtein in the Bronx. In today's episode, Littell talks with NPR's Scott Simon about the author's family connection to the revolutionary, his decision to name Trotsky's conscience in the book, and the violence of revolution.To listen to Book of the Day sponsor-free and support NPR's book coverage, sign up for Book of the Day+ at plus.npr.org/bookofthedayLearn more about sponsor message choices: podcastchoices.com/adchoicesNPR Privacy Policy

Welcome, dear listeners, to the finale of Season 6. Our literary journey has taken us through the works of novelists and poets, exploring the depths of Literary Fiction. And for our closing episode, we have a special guest - Chuck Rosenthal, acclaimed author of Awake For Ever in a Sweet Unrest. As we delve into the premise of his latest book, we are transported into a world of love, longing, and artistic passion. Through this enthralling conversation with Chuck, we not only unravel the complexities of his main character Beatriz but also gain insight into the lives of 19th century romantic literary giants. Get ready for an educational and fascinating finale that will leave you yearning for more. Tune in to our upcoming season, where I will recite my poetry from all of my published works. Season 7 is aptly named "Inspire Me," promising to ignite the soul and capture the imagination. Each episode will be a journey through words, painting pictures of raw emotion and thought-provoking ideas. So, sit back, relax, and let yourself be inspired by the power of language and the artistry of poetry. Awake For Ever in a Sweet Unrest. Deep within the hidden library of Los Angeles' iconic poetry venue, Beyond Baroque, all modern electronics mysteriously fail. There, 19-year-old Beatriz encounters Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin Shelley, who promises a magical adventure back to 19th-century Europe. There, Beatriz meets literary legends John Keats, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Mary Shelley, and Lord Byron, experiencing the romantic landscapes and dangerous exploits of their world. As she navigates this liminal space, Beatriz discovers the power of poetry and art, and the courage to find her own identity. Rosenthal, an acclaimed author, brings historical figures to life, offering a deeply intimate tale of passion, creativity, and self-discovery. Awake For Ever in a Sweet Unrest is perfect for anyone who has ever lost themselves in the magic of a hidden library.   Chuck Rosenthal was born in Erie, Pennsylvania. He attended Allegheny College, Bowling Green State University, SUNY Buffalo, and the University of California, Davis, where he earned several advanced degrees in English, Sociological Theory and philosophy. He earned a Ph.D. in English and American literature with emphasis in creative writing and narrative theory from the University of Utah. Rosenthal is the author of fourteen novels: the Loop Trilogy: Loop's Progress, Experiments with Life and Deaf, and Loop's End; Elena of the Stars; Avatar Angel, the Last Novel of Jack Kerouac; My Mistress Humanity; The Heart of Mars; Coyote O'Donohughe's History of Texas; Ten Thousand Heavens; The Legend of La Diosa; You Can Fly, a Sequel to the Peter Pan Tales; The Hammer the Sickle and the Heart, Trotsky and Kahlo in Mexico; and Let's Face the Music and Dance a hybrid novel. He has published a memoir, Never Let Me Go, and a travel book, Are We Not There Yet? Travels in Nepal, North India, and Bhutan (Magic Journalism), as well as a second book of Magic Journalism, West of Eden: A Life in 21st Century Los Angeles. Rosenthal published two books of experimental poetry, Tomorrow you'll Be One of Us (sci-fi poems with Gil Wronsky and Gronk, illustrator) and The Shortest Farewells Are the Best (noir poems, also with Gail Wronsky). They also wrote and directed the sci-fi play, People of Earth, This Is Your Last Warning, performed at the Craft and Folk Art Museum in Los Angeles. Rosenthal has written a book of animal philosophy, How the Animals Around You Think, the Semiotics of Animal Cognition. He's published in numerous journals, and read and lectured at universities and on television and radio throughout the U.S. as well as in Mexico, Argentina, India and England. Please check out his website: https://chuckrosenthal.com/  

Send us a textInsights And Revelations: Author Chuck Rosenthal On His Latest Novel#author #newbook #fiction #traumarecovery #cowboy #professor Chuck Rosenthal was born in Erie, Pennsylvania. He attended AlleghenyCollege, Bowling Green State University, SUNY Buffalo, and the Universityof California, Davis, where he earned several advanced degrees in English,Sociological Theory and philosophy. He earned a Ph.D. in English andAmerican literature with emphasis in creative writing and narrative theoryfrom the University of Utah.Rosenthal is the author of fourteen novels: the Loop Trilogy: Loop'sProgress, Experiments with Life and Deaf, and Loop's End; Elena of theStars; Avatar Angel, the Last Novel of Jack Kerouac; My Mistress Humanity;The Heart of Mars; Coyote O'Donohughe's History of Texas; Ten ThousandHeavens; The Legend of La Diosa; You Can Fly, a Sequel to the Peter PanTales; The Hammer the Sickle and the Heart, Trotsky and Kahlo in Mexico;and Let's Face the Music and Dance a hybrid novel.He has published a memoir, Never Let Me Go, and a travel book, Are WeNot There Yet? Travels in Nepal, North India, and Bhutan (MagicJournalism), as well as a second book of Magic Journalism, West of Eden:A Life in 21st Century Los Angeles. Rosenthal published two books ofexperimental poetry, Tomorrow you'll Be One of Us (sci-fi poems with GilWronsky and Gronk, illustrator) and The Shortest Farewells Are the Best(noir poems, also with Gail Wronsky). They also wrote and directed thesci-fi play, People of Earth, This Is Your Last Warning, performed at theCraft and Folk Art Museum in Los Angeles. Rosenthal has written a bookof animal philosophy, How the Animals Around You Think, the Semiotics ofAnimal Cognition.He's published in numerous journals, and read and lectured at universitiesand on television and radio throughout the U.S. as well as in Mexico,Argentina, India and England.Website: https://chuckrosenthal.com/Buy the books: https://www.amazon.com/stores/author/B000AR9LX0Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/chuck-rosenthal-746b942a/Thanks for tuning in, please be sure to click that subscribe button and give this a thumbs up!!Email: thevibesbroadcast@gmail.comInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/listen_to_the_vibes_/Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/thevibesbroadcastnetworkLinktree: https://linktr.ee/the_vibes_broadcastTikTok: https://vm.tiktok.com/ZMeuTVRv2/Twitter: https://twitter.com/TheVibesBrdcstTruth: https://truthsocial.com/@KoyoteFor all our social media and other links, go to: Linktree: https://linktr.ee/the_vibes_broadcastPlease subscribe, like, and share!

Anders and Andy of the Antifada discuss the recent revelation that Leon Trotsky refused to tip when he lived in the Bronx and then segue into a breakdown of his strange, wonderful and anti-chewing gum 1934 essay "If America Should Go Communist."

This is part eight of the Explaining History study course based on the AQA A level history module Revolution and Dictatorship: Russia 1917-53.In this episode we explore the power struggle between Stalin, Trotsky, Zinoviev, Kamenev and Bukharin and discuss the political ideas that Stalin believed in. We examine the ideas of permanent revolution and socialism in one countryI will be running a livestream Q&A for students on Wednesday November 20th. You can access it here, subscribe to the channel to get your reminder.https://youtube.com/live/knBuNLBD-bU?feature=share (in case the link doesn't work)Help the podcast to continue bringing you history each weekIf you enjoy the Explaining History podcast and its many years of content and would like to help the show continue, please consider supporting it in the following ways:If you want to go ad-free, you can take out a membership hereOrYou can support the podcast via Patreon hereOr you can just say some nice things about it here Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Last time we spoke about the fourth encirclement campaign against the CCP. In 1931, the CCP survived brutal encirclement campaigns while the threat of Japanese invasion in Manchuria shifted focus in China. The new leadership, known as the 28 Bolsheviks, seized control after the downfall of Li Lisan, leading to infighting within the CCP. Despite initial successes, Mao Zedong opposed the aggressive military strategies favored by the Bolsheviks. As the Red Army expanded, Mao's calls for caution clashed with the Central Committee's ambitions, highlighting the struggle for power and differing strategies within the party during a time of upheaval. As the 28th Bolsheviks gained power, they stripped Mao Zedong of key positions, deeming his strategies outdated. The Red Army, while suffering losses, adapted tactics and launched further offensives. Political tensions rose, leading to purges and reorganization under more orthodox leadership. Ultimately, despite setbacks, the CCP's resilience and guerrilla tactics allowed them to persist against KMT forces.   #128 the fifth encirclement campaign Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. So the CCP had just survived 4 encirclement campaigns. Now each time an encirclement campaign was unleashed, it was done so during a very tumultuous time to say the least. The first three were done between 1930-1931 where the Central Plains War and multiple large scale rebellions were kicking off. It was also on the cusp of the re-unification of China, thus Chiang Kai-Shek arguably had bigger fish to fry. During the fourth encirclement campaign Chiang Kai-Shek was very much taking notice of the red menace in his interior, however a rather earth shattering moment occurred, the Japanese had invaded Manchuria. And yes, we will get to the 15 year war in good time no worries folks your boy has a lot of goodies coming. So one can understand Chiang Kai-Shek could not very well fully go after the Reds when the Japanese had invaded northeast China and there was absolutely no telling where or when they would stop. Well the fourth encirclement campaign did not provide the results the KMT needed, so obviously there was to be a fifth…and guess what, the Japanese began an invasion of North China that same year of 1933. Now if you really are itching to hear more about these events we will tackle in a few episodes, over at the Pacific War Channel on Youtube or on all major podcast platforms might I suggest the following: my Kanji Ishiwara series covering his entire involvement in these events and during WW2, my full documentary/podcast on the Japanese invasion of Manchuria and lastly my full podcast on the Japanese invasion of North China. I am a very busy boy over there as you can see.  In the late winter and early spring of 1933, the Kwantung Army had begun an invasion of North China. They specifically began by invading the province of Rehe, modern day Jehol. After this they attacked the Great Wall of China, a pretty insane story to be honest, and descended further into north china. Understandably Chiang Kai-Shek shifted his focus from the Red menace to the Japanese at his front door. Beginning in July, the KMT established a review team to examine why the encirclement campaigns were failing to provide real results and what improvements could be made. They also established division level training units to retrain the forces with the lessons learned against the Reds. There was also a lot of integration of foreign military advisers, particularly Germans who helped develop better tactics and strategies. The Germans immediately proposed a more deliberate strategy against the Soviets. The first step they argued was to establish an economic blockade. Raw materials and durable goods could not be allowed to enter or leave the Soviet areas. Foods like rice and salt were especially targeted, there was to be an absolute ban on them going in or out. The second step was to establish a series of fortifications, basically blockhouses made out of concrete to provide fire support to offensive operations in nearby cities. As NRA forces advanced into areas to clear them, the previous blockhouses would be abandoned as new ones were built. There also needed to be lines of operation, requiring road development in rear areas to expedite logistical needs to the front. Now none of this sounds new compared to what we spoke about in the previous campaigns, but what was the issue was that it was not being done by all units prior. The KMT was also going to introduce political reforms that complemented the new standardized military strategies. New slogans arose such as “Thirty Percent Military, Seventy Percent Political,”. They were going to revive the baojia system.  The Baojia system was an administrative structure that emerged during the Song Dynasty 960–1279 AD and was prevalent in various forms throughout subsequent dynasties. Its primary purpose was to enhance local governance, community responsibility, and social stability. The system was based on the grouping of households into units known as "bao" and "jia". Each bao typically consisted of ten households, while a jia consisted of ten baos, totaling about one hundred households. This hierarchical structure allowed for more manageable governance and oversight, facilitating communication and administration at the local level. Under the Baojia system, each household was assigned to a bao, and the head of the bao was responsible for maintaining order, collecting taxes, and ensuring the compliance of families with local laws and regulations. The heads of the baojia units worked in conjunction with local officials to enforce state policies and maintain social harmony. This system not only provided a means for effective local governance but also fostered a sense of community among families. Neighbors were encouraged to cooperate and support one another, creating a network of mutual responsibility. In addition to its administrative functions, the Baojia system played a significant role in maintaining social order. By organizing families into these small units, it facilitated surveillance and mutual accountability among community members. Residents were motivated to monitor each other's behavior, discouraging misconduct and promoting adherence to social norms. As a result, the system contributed to the overall stability and cohesion of society, particularly in rural areas where government presence was often limited. Now to get all of this done, the KMT increased the NRA forces deployed to Jiangxi to nearly 700,000 who were broken down into 4 area armies and 5 air corps. They deployed the Northern Route NRA Army consisting of 33 divisions in Jinzhi, Jishui, Nangeng and the Le'an front; and the Southern Route NRA Army, consisting of eleven Guangdong divisions and one independent regiment, established a blocking position along a line connecting the cities of Wuping, Anyuan, Shangyou and Ganxian. The Southern Route NRA army would move to the blocking positions north in coordination with the other NRA forces to try and squeeze the Reds. The Western Route NRA army consisting of 9 Hunanese divisions and 3 independent regiments were responsible for blocking the Reds from advancing west of the Gan River. The Fujian-Zhejiang-Jiangxi area army HQ was assigned 11 divisions and 4 security regiments to block any Reds from escaping through northeast Jiangxi. All of this encompassed the fifth encirclement campaign.  When the NRA was ready to commence the campaign, it was too late for the Reds to properly mount a counter encirclement campaign. The only thing the Reds had going for them was their recruitment efforts that saw them grow perhaps 100,000 strong. The Red Army even began touting a slogan “Million Man Army” to further recruit. By late October 1933, the Reds were certainly numerous, but this also meant they needed more supplies and equipment. With their Eastern Front Army now in Fujian, the Central Front Army and local populace should have been raising revenues and stockpiling supplies, especially rice and salt, but that is of course if they knew a fifth encirclement campaign was coming.  On September 25th, the NRA deployed 3 divisions south from Nanchang to attack Lichuan. Within 3 days of battle, the city fell, which greatly shocked the CCP. The Central Front Red Army fell back, waiting for the Eastern Front Red Army to rush back over from Fujian to meet the threat. By October 6th both front Red armies consolidated to perform a counterattack. They first attacked Xunkou, where they annihilated 3 NRA brigades. However the success was to be short lived. For the proceeding two months, the Red Army attacked multiple NRA blockhouses in Zixi, Huwan Bajiaoting, Xiaoshi, Daxiongguan and Yuangai Mountain. Yet they were unsuccessful at breaching the defensive line. The concrete block houses were acting as pillboxes allowing the NRA to concentrate fire using brand new German made machine guns. They also were utilizing new Krupp artillery pieces and German made aerial bombs against the Red army formations whenever they assaulted the blockhouse line. By November the KMT's attention was slightly diverted as Fujian had just seen a full blown rebellion, more about that in the next episode, but to summarize a bit. On November 30th, the KMT 19th route army in conjunction with the Fujian provincial government rebelled against the KMT and set up an independent government. As you might be guessing, they were also working with the CCP. Back in October they had formed a military alliance, better said cease fire. This little arrangement did not last long and there even emerged hostilities. During this chaos the revolutionary military council held an emergency meeting to figure out a course of action. Otto Braun advocated for a strong offensive to decisively defeat the KMT. He argued the golden age of guerrilla warfare in China was over and now the Red Army must conduct convention warfare against NRA positions. Thus Mao Zedong's “lure the enemy in deep” strategy was replaced by “defending against the enemy outside the Soviet”. In January of 1934 the second soviet congress was held where a series of resolutions were passed to focus the Red Army against the fifth encirclement campaign. The resolutions reiterated Otto Braun's offensive strategy and repeatedly attacked Mao Zedong's strategies. Building upon the strategy of defending against the enemy outside the Soviets, Otto Braun also proposed using “short, swift thrusts”. This would see the employment of repeated infantry assaults to overwhelm the NRA blockhouse lines. Otto Braun also advocated for continuing the mass recruitment efforts and brought up perhaps beginning a system of conscription to fill the ranks. After the Fujian rebellion situation simmered down, the NRA refocused their attention against the Reds. The NRA established a line of blockhouses going from Lichuan to Le'an and began clearing out the area south of Ruijin using 35 divisions. The NRA forces first targeted Guangchang, lying about halfway between Nanchang and Ruijin. The NRA's Eastern Front also began advancing west, totaling some 14 divisions. By March of 1934 the NRA Northern and Eastern Fronts linked up at Deshengguan where they began coordinated efforts towards Guangchang. In response to the NRA advances towards Guangchang, the Red Army built a series of fortifications and trenchworks to defend the area. On April 9th, the NRA began its attack on Guangchang, deploying the 3rd Route army's 10 divisions from Nanfeng with heavy artillery and aircraft support. The NRA forces advanced south along both sides of the Xu River leading towards Guangchang. The Northern Route NRA Army established new blockhouses on one side of the river before clearing the other side. It took the NRA forces roughly 2 weeks to advance down the riverway to Guangchang. By April 23rd, they breached the Red Army's defensive lines and seized control over some high ground surrounding the area. The Reds were forced to pull back into the city where they continued to build fortifications and trench lines. On the 27th the NRA began to artillery and aerially bomb the city, easily destroying the wooden fortifications and trench lines constructed by the Reds. On the 28th, the NRA stormed the city forcing the Reds to retreat south. The Reds had suffered 5093 casualties, roughly 20% of their defending force at Guangcheng whereas the NRA suffered 2000 casualties. It was very evident, the NRA were wielding superior equipment, notably the heavy artillery and aircrafts that the Red's had no real answer for.  After Guangchang the NRA advanced in all four directions. By May 1, NRA forces from the Western Front had taken control of both Shaxi and Longgang. Meanwhile, the Eastern Route NRA forces advanced and captured Jianning by May 16. By June, the CCP began feeling the strain from these assaults. A combination of the blockade and the baojia system was gradually eroded local support for the CCP. The attrition warfare strategy also took a toll on the quality of leadership and experience in the Red Army, as more inexperienced soldiers filled the ranks. Under pressure, many of these recruits deserted, further weakening the Red Army's effectiveness. Additionally, the shortage of supplies and food lowered morale and diminished public support for the Red Army's offensive. Even military and party publications gradually withdrew their support for the offensive, shifting focus to the promotion of guerrilla warfare to conserve resources. Recruitment efforts to replenish losses had little impact as the NRA's superior strategy continued to stifle the Soviet, reducing its control from seventeen counties to ten. In the summer of 1934, the Red Army began exploring new strategies, establishing a defensive perimeter stretching from Ninghua to Ningdu and Xingguo. By May, the Central Committee convened and concluded that the current offensive strategy was ineffective, likely necessitating the Red Army's evacuation from the Soviet area. They sought approval from the COMINTERN to change their approach, which was granted a few days later, stressing that the CCP's priority should be preserving the Red Army's combat strength. However, Braun and Bo Gu proposed a different method. Instead of immediately preparing to withdraw from the Soviet, they advocated for a final stand, urging everyone to give their all to defend the territory and secure victory. Alongside this shift in rhetoric, the Red Army maintained its defensive posture, constructing wooden blockhouses and trenches. Additionally, the CCP approved an expansion of guerrilla warfare across multiple fronts to defeat the NRA. In July, the NRA launched another offensive, focusing this time on the city of Shicheng, positioned between Ninghua and Ningdu as their entry point. The two forces clashed fiercely along this final line of defense for nearly a month. In early August, the Red Army mounted a strong counteroffensive during the battle of Gaohunao, inflicting over 4,000 casualties on the NRA. However, the Red Army also suffered heavy losses and was forced to retreat to the last defensive line just north of Shicheng. At Shicheng, the Red Army managed to hold the NRA in a stalemate. Ultimately, the NRA deployed twelve large howitzers, breaking through the defensive line in August. Shicheng eventually fell in October. The defense cost the Red Army 5,000 casualties, leaving it severely weakened and forcing its leaders to consider drastic actions. By this point, the Jiangxi Soviet had been reduced to a small area around Ruijin and Xingguo. With mounting casualties and the imminent threat of an NRA assault on Ruijin, the Red Army made a bold decision to retreat from Jiangxi on October 10, 1934, ending the Fifth Extermination Campaign. There has been a lot of thorough investigative work into why the CCP failed during the fifth encirclement campaign. This episode will be a bit different then previous ones as I thought it might be interesting to tell the overall story and then explain the finer details as to why it went down this way. Going back to when I discussed the NRA analyzing why their fourth encirclement campaign had failed. The analytics from that were incorporated into plans formed by the German advisers such as Hans von Seeckt and Alexander von Faulkenhausen. The Germans dramatically improved the NRA's performance across the board. This was seen in terms of training, the employment of more modern military tactics and of course the Germans sold the NRA some really good toys. Now again this was done in the vacuum of the Japanese invasion of Manchuria and Northern China. The real aim of the Germans' assistance was directed against the Japanese, but the advisers acknowledged how China must combat the external aggressor while not succumbing to internal threats. Ironically it was that exact situation that had toppled multiple Chinese dynasties in the past, take the Ming for example.  The NRA also employed effective counterinsurgent strategies that complimented their conventional warfare strategies. Beginning back in 1928 the KMT gradually re-instituted the baojia system. The NRA first cleared out Red areas and then established local administrators who were loyal to the KMT, protected by local militias. Through this the NRA was able to hold cleared areas and block any Red infiltration. Many residents in these areas actively began providing intel to the NRA. The Baojia system also supported the economic blockade, providing a system of sentries at the entrance of villages placing a lot of pressure on the Red Army and local populations. Chiang Kai-Shek's political reform “70% political, 30% military” also helped incorporate many disenfranchised Chinese, taking their support away from the Reds. The NRA also adopted a methodical, patient approach to tackle the Reds. The NRA quickly found out the Reds did not have the necessary weaponry to take out their concrete blockhouses, thus a war of attrition was on the table. Electing for a long campaign rather than a short one severely hurt the Reds who were incapable of conducting prolonged operations. The NRA also had learnt from the Red's usage of diversionary and feint attacks, not falling for them this time around. There was also obviously their NRA enormous advantage in numbers, they did toss nearly a million men at the Soviets. On the other side the Red Army suffered from numerous internal problems. The Red Army had undergone numerous measures to reform and professionalize the army, under the leadership of the 28 bolsheviks whom dominated the Central Committee. The mass recruitment efforts were directly primarily on uneducated peasants who required intensive training. Meanwhile the offensive strategy was decimating Red Army forces, many new recruits were tossed straight into the front lines without any training. The lack of training and political guidance, accompanied with low morale led to mass desertions. By the end of the fifth encirclement campaign the Red Army could not generate the proper forces to fill its demand and simply kept tossing more and more untrained peasants into the lines, degrading the combat effectiveness. The arrival of the Twenty-eight Bolsheviks in the CCP led to significant changes in the overall military strategy of the Red Army. Much of the new leadership's perspectives were shaped by Stalinist Soviet ideology, which markedly contrasted with the views of both Li Lisan and Mao Zedong, particularly in relation to Mao Zedong's approach, which was influenced by political considerations. These ideological differences also resulted in a substantial gap in military tactics. Nevertheless, both the Bolsheviks and Mao shared a similar stance on the expansion and training of the Red Army, emphasizing the vital importance of political training in building a robust party army. Ultimately, the CCP believed that the success of the Red Army hinged on the professionalization of the force, ensuring unity of command, a shared understanding of the mission, and an enhanced capacity to execute that mission. The primary advocate for the professionalization strategy of the Red Army was the Soviet Union. Stalin's interest in the Red Army was driven by both external and internal factors. The Soviet Union viewed an imminent threat from both Japan and Germany. Japan, a longstanding adversary of Russia, had expanded its presence in China, particularly following the 1932 occupation of Manchuria, which posed a direct risk to Russia's southern flank and national security. The Soviets believed that a large, professional Red Army, loyal to the Soviet Union, would serve as a formidable defense against Japanese aggression, and later, German threats. Additionally, the Soviets resumed discussions with the Nationalist government after years of silence to help ensure the security of their Chinese flank. For Stalin, the struggle for control over the CCP was intertwined with a broader power struggle within the Soviet Union against Trotsky. His internal conflicts with Trotsky solidified his communist ideology, resulting in a stringent approach within the COMINTERN and the new CCP. Through the COMINTERN and Bolsheviks, Stalin aimed to consolidate his power by eliminating Trotskyists in China. These internal Soviet political dynamics ultimately influenced the choice of Chinese political and military strategies, which had detrimental effects on the Red Army. At first glance, the policies of the Twenty-eight Bolsheviks closely resembled those of Li Lisan. Both groups viewed the urban proletariat as the central force in the communist revolution. They shared the conviction that merging the revolutionary spirit of the proletariat with modern strategies would empower the Red Army to achieve victory. Additionally, they felt that the conditions were ripe for revolution to spread into urban areas, emphasizing the necessity for the Red Army to engage in the cities to support students and workers involved in the movement. Wang Ming even remarked that although the 1930 assault on Changsha was a mistake, he did not see this failure as evidence against the soundness of the strategy of targeting urban centers. Upon closer inspection, the distinctions between the two factions were quite pronounced. Disputes between them arose early on; in June 1930, Li Lisan criticized Wang Ming, Bo Gu, and two other group members for opposing his plans. However, their differences ran deeper than mere political conflict. Ideologically, the Bolsheviks challenged Li Lisan's characterization of the bourgeoisie. In Wang Ming's The Two Lines, he asserted that all "capitalist bourgeois reformers were counterrevolutionary." This broadened the definition to encompass wealthy and middle-class peasants, who became targets during land reform efforts. Additionally, their strategies for confronting urban centers differed significantly. The factions also had contrasting views on the role of the Red Army: Li Lisan believed it should support urban proletariat uprisings to capture the cities, while the Bolsheviks regarded it as the primary force for seizing the metropolis. The distinctions between Mao Zedong and the 28 Bolsheviks were significant. Unlike Mao Zedong, the Bolshevik-led CCP rejected any form of alliance, insisting on the defeat of both the Nationalists and the Japanese. In their view, both groups were imperialists and posed equal threats to the Soviet Union and the communist movement. During the Mukden Incident, many nationalists and communists sought to forge a united front against Japanese aggression. However, the CCP opposed this, advocating for the overthrow of what they considered the agent of imperialism—the KMT.  The Bolsheviks also held a strong opposition to Maoist military strategies. They believed that an incorrect guerrilla warfare approach had infiltrated the Red Army, epitomized by the "lure the enemy in deep" tactic. Wang Ming likened this strategy to a form of "retreat" or "escape." The Bolsheviks advocated for the significant expansion and professionalization of the Red Army, aiming to move away from a peasant mentality. With a larger force, the Red Army could adopt an offensive stance, employing Soviet tactics to capture urban centers and extend Soviet influence. While guerrilla warfare was not entirely dismissed, it was relegated to local militias in rear and flank areas. In contrast, Mao had a more practical perspective on the capabilities of Red Army soldiers. He recognized that the Red Army lacked the technology necessary for conventional warfare. Moreover, Mao believed that achieving victory was not the sole priority; sustainability after victory and ensuring that the gains outweighed the losses were also crucial considerations. In hindsight, the positional warfare and offensive tactics advocated by Otto Braun and the students proved to be ineffective against the NRA. However, at the time, it is understandable why this approach was favored over Mao Zedongs strategy of "luring the enemy deep." This new offensive military strategy was predicated on the belief that the Red Army was strong and capable of launching attacks against the NRA. Although this assessment may have been overstated, the victories achieved during the Extermination Campaigns did boost the morale of the Red Army. Furthermore, their later success in resisting the Fourth Extermination Campaign reinforced the capabilities of the Communist military forces. This offensive strategy also marked a departure from the tactic of conceding territory, which had always posed challenges for the local population. The CCP garnered more support for its strategy by asserting that the Red Army was now strong enough to defend their territory and confront the enemy directly, allowing locals to remain in their homes. This simple shift fostered greater support for their cause. Conversely, Mao Zedong had a keen understanding of local conditions and recognized the detrimental effects of Bolshevik policies on land redistribution. The Bolshevik approach increased the burden on a larger portion of the local populace and threatened the fragile support necessary for waging a "people's war." Mao Zedong and his followers also aimed to delay and hinder large recruitment efforts, arguing that expansion would be an unnecessary distraction for locals who were already busy with agricultural work. Moreover, the Bolshevik offensive strategy was more conventional compared to Mao Zedongs concept of mobile warfare. At that time, Mao Zedongs approach of "luring the enemy deep" and other mobile warfare tactics were revolutionary in China and faced considerable criticism and skepticism. Even after the significant defeat of the Li Lisan line, the ability of the Bolsheviks and Otto Braun to revive a similar strategy two years later demonstrated the ongoing support for a more conventional military approach. In its new strategy, the Red Army blended traditional and modern tactics to engage the enemy. On the one hand, it maintained its reliance on established strengths in intelligence gathering and deception to outmaneuver the NRA. However, with the introduction of the Twenty-eight Bolsheviks and Otto Braun, the Red Army transitioned from a mobile defense approach to employing “short, swift thrusts” as offensive tactics against the NRA blockhouses during the Fifth Extermination Campaign. The Red Army also capitalized on advantages gained from previous campaigns. Improvements in signal intelligence, particularly through increased collection of wireless communications and the creation of training schools, enabled the Red Army to closely monitor NRA movements during the Fourth Extermination Campaign. Additionally, the Red Army integrated tactical intelligence into its operations, using plain-clothed soldiers and deploying double agents within KMT units to gather intelligence and disrupt them. The thoroughness of the Red Army's intelligence collection was a notable strength. For instance, an intelligence report on the KMT's Seventy-ninth NRA Division analyzed the background and motivations of its soldiers, revealing that many hailed from the same area as their commander, which fostered strong loyalties. This insight made the unit a less appealing target for subversion, given the traditional Confucian emphasis on hierarchical loyalty. The Red Army continued to execute feints and deceptive operations throughout its campaigns. The Eleventh Red Army effectively served as the main effort on two occasions. Moreover, the Red Army sent misleading communications to confuse NRA forces. For instance, while near Huangpi, NRA scouts “intercepted” a message claiming that the Red Army's main forces were positioned in Nanchang, prompting the division units to lower their guard in the city, only to be ambushed. The biggest change to Red Army tactics was the introduction of what Otto Braun described as “short, swift thrusts,” while Lin Biao defined this tactic as “sudden, rapid raids launched against the enemy who emerges from their blockhouses to advance the fortification line by a short distance, specifically between 2½ to 5 kilometers or even less. These thrusts aim to eliminate the main enemy forces before they can solidify their position. Although the tactics appeared straightforward, significant differences emerged in their application, particularly between Braun's theoretical approach and Lin Biao's practical execution. Firstly, the ultimate objectives of the tactics differed greatly. Braun's approach was part of a broader strategy aimed at safeguarding Soviet territory. Rather than seeking a decisive victory over the numerically superior NRA forces, the Red Army focused on defending territory and achieving small tactical victories that could translate into operational and strategic advantages. In contrast, Lin Biao viewed this tactic as a means to “annihilate the enemy or secure victory in the entire battle.”His emphasis was on defeating the enemy and achieving a decisive victory. Secondly, Braun promoted a more methodical strategy, where the Red Army would establish strong points with small clusters of fortifications. These areas provided defensive protection against artillery and air assaults, creating conditions conducive for the Red Army to launch rapid attacks on the NRA when they were away from their blockhouses. During an attack, Braun suggested that the Red Army should first fix the NRA in its rear, flank, or even front, followed by a strike aimed at weakening the enemy to disrupt its forces. Conversely, Lin Biao had a different perspective on the assault, prioritizing mobility and movement for the Red Army during these thrusts. The Red Army's primary defense relied on secrecy, moving quietly to occupy high ground while only establishing makeshift defensive structures for air and artillery protection. When the enemy entered their territory, the Red Army would encircle their forces, cutting off their retreat and swiftly attacking their flanks before they could construct fortifications. He advocated for the pursuit, believing it was the most effective way to convert a tactical victory into operational or strategic success. In contrast, Lin Biao rejected the idea of pursuit, reasoning that if his tactics were executed effectively, the enemy would have no escape route, making a pursuit unnecessary. These differing views on tactics underscored the challenges of translating theoretical military concepts into practical application. Otto Braun's offensive strategy stemmed from his experiences and understanding of Western military traditions. When applied to the Chinese battlefield, Lin Biao adapted his own experiences to formulate his interpretation of “short, swift thrusts,” which incorporated several of Mao's tactical principles. Given the circumstances of the Red Army, Lin Biao aimed for a quick, decisive victory, steering clear of prolonged battles with the NRA. He utilized intelligence and terrain—particularly through reconnaissance—to gain an advantage over the enemy. His strategy prioritized focusing on the enemy rather than merely securing territory, enabling his unit to engage in battle on favorable ground. While the localization of “short, swift thrusts” did not provide the Red Army with the decisive edge needed to overcome the NRA, it illustrated how the Red Army continued to adapt concepts to local conditions to achieve success in combat. Between 1932 and 1934, the Red Army reached its maximum size and level of professionalism, only to be outmatched by a stronger NRA force. With the rise of the Twenty-eight Bolsheviks, the Red Army adopted a more aggressive, offensive strategy. Although this approach would later be deemed a mistake, it initiated a series of reforms that enhanced the Red Army's professionalism. During this period, the Red Army nearly doubled its strength to six army corps. To promote uniformity and centralize command, all Red Army units, including local militia groups, were standardized. Additionally, the Red Army founded the Red Academy and the Red Army War College, alongside specialized schools to train and develop its officers. These reforms contributed to the Red Army's success in the Fourth Extermination Campaign against the NRA and facilitated the expansion of Soviet influence into four provinces. However, following their defeat, the NRA adapted and developed a more effective strategy against the Red Army. Lacking the necessary heavy weapons and supplies, the Red Army could not prevent the systematic encirclement of the Jiangxi Soviet during the Fifth Extermination Campaign. In order to survive the Red Army would have to embark on arguably one of the most important historic moments of the CCP's history, it was a notably very long march. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. The 28 Bolsheviks wrestled control over the CCP and this had rather dramatic consequences. For one, Mao Zedong's strategies were thrown to the wind as full on offensive strategies took the center stage. In the face of the most intense NRA encirclement campaign as of yet, the CCP crumbled and would now have to march to away trying to survive.

In this Sunday conversation, Amanda and Nate dive into a wide range of topics, starting with the riveting assassination story of Leon Trotsky. They transition to political dialogues encompassing RFK Jr.'s recent nomination and its implications, the complexities of labor unions, libertarian principles, and governmental role in public health and agriculture. Enjoy this laid-back, unscripted discussion that explores both historical and contemporary issues with humor and depth. https://x.com/AjaxtheGriff (00:00) The Assassination of Trotsky (01:55) Lessons from Trotsky's Life (05:32) PhD Journey and Future Plans (07:00) Trump's Cabinet Picks and Politics (15:19) Trump's Establishment Ties (19:08) Libertarian Views on Government (24:45) Unions and Worker Empowerment (33:39) The PRO Act and Its Implications (42:49) The Capitalist Boogeyman and Union Dynamics (44:06) Decentralizing Unions for Worker Empowerment (44:58) Public Perception and Economic Ideologies (45:39) Behavior and Belief in Political Ideologies (48:16) The Role of Libertarian Causes (51:52) Government Regulations and Market Dynamics (54:29) The Complexities of Agricultural Subsidies (01:03:53) The Debate on Food Additives and Consumer Choice (01:13:53) The Power of Grassroots Movements

1/2: UKRAINE: TRUMP, ZELENSKY, PUTIN. ANATOL LIEVEN, QUINCY INSTITUTE. 1920 Trotsky

It's physics baby! With special guest Hunter Crowley! . . . . YOU DON'T KNOW MOJACK is a podcast dedicated to exploring the entire SST catalogue, in order, from start to finish. During the podcast we will discuss all the releases that are part of our core DNA, as well as many lesser-known releases that deserve a second chance, or releases that we are discovering for the very first time (we actually don't know Mojack!). First and foremost we are fans, and acknowledge that we are not perfect and don't know everything – sometimes the discussion is more about a time, place, feeling, personal experience or random tangents, and less about the facts (but we will try to get to the facts too). Facebook: www.facebook.com/mojackpod/ Twitter: @mojackpod Instagram: www.instagram.com/mojackpod/ Blog: www.mojackpod.com/ Tumblr: www.tumblr.com/blog/mojackpod Theme Song: Shockflesh

Aidan Beatty, author of The Party is Always Right: The Untold Story of Gerry Healy and British Trotskyism joins us to trainspot the British Workers Revolutionary Party (WRP), a Trotskyist cult that was tight with Qaddafi, boasted Vanessa Redgrave as a member, and collapsed after the revelation of years of its leader's sexual abuse of membership.Sign up at http://patreon.com/theantifada for the bonus where we talk about Irish peacekeepers in Lebanon, the shared historical dynamics of the Irish and Jews, the WSWS's fascination with Woody Allen and Michael Jackson, and the macabre fate of Trotsky's death mask.Get the book from Pluto PressSong: Pop Smoke - For the Night

Vejas Liulevicius is a historian specializing in Germany and Eastern Europe, who has lectured extensively on Marxism and the rise, the reign, and the fall of Communism. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep444-sc See below for timestamps, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. CONTACT LEX: Feedback - give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA - submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring - join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other - other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: Vejas's Courses: https://www.thegreatcoursesplus.com/vejas-gabriel-liulevicius Vejas's Books: https://amzn.to/4e3R1rz Vejas's Audible: https://adbl.co/4esRrHt SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts: AG1: All-in-one daily nutrition drinks. Go to https://drinkag1.com/lex BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling. Go to https://betterhelp.com/lex Notion: Note-taking and team collaboration. Go to https://notion.com/lex LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex Eight Sleep: Temp-controlled smart mattress. Go to https://eightsleep.com/lex OUTLINE: (00:00) - Introduction (08:48) - Marxism (36:33) - Anarchism (51:30) - The Communist Manifesto (1:00:29) - Communism in the Soviet Union (1:20:23) - Lenin, Trotsky, and Stalin (1:30:11) - Stalin (1:37:26) - Holodomor (1:51:16) - The Great Terror (2:04:17) - Totalitarianism (2:15:19) - Response to Darryl Cooper (2:30:27) - Nazis vs Communists in Germany (2:36:50) - Mao (2:41:57) - Great Leap Forward (2:48:58) - China after Mao (2:54:30) - North Korea (2:58:34) - Communism in US (3:06:04) - Russia after Soviet Union (3:17:35) - Advice for Lex (3:25:17) - Book recommendations (3:28:16) - Advice for young people (3:35:08) - Hope PODCAST LINKS: - Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast - Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr - Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 - RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ - Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 - Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips SOCIAL LINKS: - X: https://x.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://instagram.com/lexfridman - TikTok: https://tiktok.com/@lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://facebook.com/lexfridman - Patreon: https://patreon.com/lexfridman - Telegram: https://t.me/lexfridman - Reddit: https://reddit.com/r/lexfridman

What you need to do to run for local office and take back your area. Why does Jesse hate Obama more than Biden? Why is Obama still intimately involved in politics unlike every other president. Trying to serve in the military as a felon. The power struggle between Trotsky and Stalin. Should you dress up for church? See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.