Podcasts about versailles

A brief diversion from the Presidents content, though I do Visit some Presidents in the City of Lights! BONUS episode featuring my trip to Paris, where I fit statues of George Washington and Thomas Jefferson and a bust of Abraham Lincoln between museums and cathedrals and a lot of walking! Hear about how I planned and executed a trip abroad! Back to Presidential content in a few weeks! Support the show Also, check out “Visiting the Presidents” on Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter!

Day 7 of the government shutdown, and life rolls on. Are there signs of the shutdown ending? Illinois drawing a line in the sand on National Guard troops being deployed in that state. ICE-free zones in Chicago. Common-sense message for citizens in Chicago from police superintendent. DFW Airport is so perfect that we get to pay just to be on the property. Is CBS News about to undergo a big change in how it covers the news? Tesla bot makes an appearance at a movie premiere. Senator Chuck Grassley (R-Iowa) discusses Operation Arctic Frost and the Republican senators who were targeted by the Biden FBI. Did a Nancy Pelosi staffer just admit that January 6 was an inside job planned by Democrats? Anti-Semitism gathering in New York City today on the second anniversary of the October 7 attacks on Israel. Old hippies start singing in Portland with a U.S. congresswoman. Another case of "Russian sudden death syndrome" in Moscow. No evidence of arson in South Carolina judge's home fire. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D-N.Y.) body-shames a member of the Trump team. "The View" has a message for those attending the Super Bowl. Jane Fonda is a big fan of Bill Kristol. Illinois governor has a message about autism. Study reveals cancer link to COVID-19 vaccine. The Oval Office has become Versailles. British man warns of the Islamic invasion of his country. 00:00 Pat Gray UNLEASHED! 00:13 Government Shutdown Day 7 03:01 JB Pritzker on the National Guard 06:48 Brandon Johnson on the National Guard 09:47 Larry Snelling's Warning to ANTIFA & the Left 14:28 Stephen Miller Explains Deploying Federal Agents 16:28 Karoline Leavitt Asked about Portland Riots 20:02 Karoline Leavitt on Democrats Shutting Down the Government 28:42 White House Poll 31:03 Fat Five 48:14 Professor Avi Loeb will Join Pat Gray UNLEASHED! 48:38 3I/ATLAS Update 51:41 Operation Arctic Frost 57:09 Ashley Etienne was Planning a J6 Event? 59:32 Remembering October 7th 1:04:53 More Singing from the Left in Portland 1:06:49 Another Sudden Russian Death 1:14:04 AOC has a Plan for MAGA Conservatives 1:16:09 The View has a Plan for Super Bowl Attendees 1:22:33 Jane Fonda Likes Bill Kristol? 1:26:25 JB Pritzker on Autism and Tylenol 1:33:12 New Oval Office Video 1:34:28 British Man Takes Issue with Islam in the UK Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A final roundup of critics of the Treaty of Versailles, including some big names.

Not only is having a director on our show the most insightful, but it's just nie to talk to someone who completely back their own work. Ed created some of the most beautiful, cinematic episodes for Versailles, enjoy this gorgeous listen.

Ce mercredi 1er octobre, François Sorel a reçu Hugo Weber, vice-président de Mirakl, Christophe Aulnette, senior advisor chez Seven2 et ancien président de Microsoft France et Asie du Sud, Frédéric Simottel, journaliste BFM Business, Léa Benaim, journaliste BFM Business, Kesso Diallo, journaliste Tech&Co, Paul Chaîne, directeur du service numérique du Château de Versailles, Isabelle Hilali, fondatrice et CEO de Datacraft, Tristan Marandin, cofondateur de DivinData et ingénieur IA, et Paul Decroux, data scientist à la Société Générale, dans l'émission Tech & Co, la quotidienne sur BFM Business. Retrouvez l'émission du lundi au jeudi et réécoutez-la en podcast.

Paul Chaîne, directeur du service numérique du Château de Versailles, Isabelle Hilali, fondatrice et CEO de Datacraft, Tristan Marandin, cofondateur de DivinData et ingénieur IA, et Paul Decroux, data scientiste à la Société Générale, étaient les invités de François Sorel dans Tech & Co, la quotidienne, ce mercredi 1er octobre. Ils se sont penchés sur la compétition d'intelligence artificielle au château de Versailles sur BFM Business. Retrouvez l'émission du lundi au jeudi et réécoutez-la en podcast.

Welcome to the first episode of our new Wolfpack series with Saul David and Roger Moorhouse diving into the intriguing origins and early, devastating success of Nazi Germany's U-boat campaign in the Atlantic. This foundational episode unpacks how naval limitations imposed by the Treaty of Versailles failed to stop German rearmament and secretly fostered the development of submarine warfare doctrine. They also explore Admiral Karl Dönitz's desperate strategic vision—the famed "wolfpack" tactics—and how a small fleet initially achieved spectacular results. From the shocking sinking of the civilian liner SS Athenia immediately after the declaration of war, to the "First Happy Time," a period where U-boat crews operated with lethal impunity, nearly crippling Britain's supply lines and setting the stage for the true Battle of the Atlantic. If you have any thoughts or questions, you can send them to - podbattleground@gmail.com Producer: James Hodgson X (Twitter): @PodBattleground Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

On a warm, overcast summer's day of 1901, two English school mistresses strolled through the gardens of Versailles, unaware they were about to step into a defining moment in their lives. One minute in the present and the next in the past, Charlotte Anne Moberly and Eleanor Jourdain claimed to have crossed into a spectral vision of the court of Marie Antoinette. What began as a genteel outing quickly turned uncanny, with silent figures, oppressive stillness, and an inexplicable sense of dread creeping over their heads. Was it imagination, delusion, a ghostly breach in reality or simply a fancy dress party run amok?SOURCES Morison, Elizabeth & Lamont, Frances & (1913) The Adventure. Macmillan & Co. LTD. London, UK. Castle, Terry (1995) The Female Thermometer: Eighteenth Century Culture & The Invention of the Uncanny. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. Lamont, Mark (2021) The Mysterious Paths of Versailles: An Investigation of a Journey Back in Time. Independently Published. Castle, Terry (1991) Contagious Folly: An Adventure & It's Sceptics. Critical Inquiry, Vol. 17, No. 4 (Summer, 1991), pp. 741-772. Iremonger, Lucille (1957) The Ghosts of Versailles: Miss Moberly & Miss Jourdain & Their Adventure. Faber & Faber LTD, London, UK. The Daily Telegraph (1911) Books of the Day. The Daily Telegraph, 8 Feb 1911, p14. London, UK. Sidgwick, Henry (1911) Review: An Adventure. Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research, Vol XXV, July 1911, p353. London, UK. ------ For almost anything, head over to the podcasts hub at ⁠⁠darkhistories.com ⁠⁠ Support the show by using our link when you sign up to Audible: ⁠⁠http://audibletrial.com/darkhistories⁠⁠ or visit our Patreon for bonus episodes and Early Access: ⁠⁠https://www.patreon.com/darkhistories⁠⁠ The Dark Histories books are available to buy here: ⁠⁠http://author.to/darkhistories⁠⁠ Dark Histories merch is available here: ⁠⁠https://bit.ly/3GChjk9⁠⁠ Connect with us on Facebook: ⁠⁠http://facebook.com/darkhistoriespodcast⁠⁠ Or find us on Twitter: ⁠⁠http://twitter.com/darkhistories⁠⁠ & Instagram: ⁠⁠https://www.instagram.com/dark_histories/⁠⁠ Or you can contact us directly via email at ⁠⁠contact@darkhistories.com⁠⁠ or join our Discord community: ⁠⁠https://discord.gg/cmGcBFf⁠⁠ The Dark Histories Butterfly was drawn by Courtney, who you can find on Instagram @bewildereye Music was recorded by me © Ben Cutmore 2017 Other Outro music was Paul Whiteman & his orchestra with Mildred Bailey - All of me (1931). It's out of copyright now, but if you're interested, that was that. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

durée : 00:12:41 - Les Nuits de France Culture - par : Philippe Garbit - Dans cette émission Sacha Guitry rendait hommage aux ouvriers du cinéma et à son public, 1ère diffusion le 28/12/1953 sur la Chaîne Parisienne. - réalisation : Virginie Mourthé - invités : Sacha Guitry Dramaturge, acteur, metteur en scène, réalisateur et scénariste français

Mit Witz und Aberwitz eröffnet das Theater Regensburg seine Spielzeit: John Corellianos "The Ghosts of Versailles" bringt Marie Antoinette auf amüsante Weise ins Jenseits. Komponist und Regisseur zelebrieren die Opernsatire als lebendiges Spektakel.

Last time on HOW DO YOU SOLVE A PROBLEM LIKE MARIE ANTOINETTE: The mob forced Marie Antoinette, Berry, and their family to leave Versailles. Marie Antoinette knew nothing good would come of this, and worked with her hot Swedish lover to figure out an escape plan featuring a party bus, false identities, and Monsieur Sauce. Historical fiction author (and returning Vulgar History guest) Allison Epstein joins us for the unhinged saga. Join the Vulgar History Patreon to watch this episode as a video!⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ — ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Preorder info for Ann's upcoming book, Rebel of the Regency!⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ — Get 15% off all the gorgeous jewellery and accessories at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠common.era.com/vulgar⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ or go to ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠commonera.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ and use code VULGAR at checkout — Get Vulgar History merch at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠vulgarhistory.com/store⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ (best for US shipping) and ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠vulgarhistory.redbubble.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ (better for international shipping) — ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Support Vulgar History on Patreon ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ — Vulgar History is an affiliate of Bookshop.org, which means that a small percentage of any books you click through and purchase will come back to Vulgar History as a commission. ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Use this link to shop there and support Vulgar History.⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Nous commencerons la première partie de notre émission par quelques réflexions sur le discours du président Trump à l'Assemblée générale des Nations unies. Le président a choqué beaucoup de monde en s'en prenant à l'ONU, aux politiques migratoires dans l'UE et au changement climatique, qu'il qualifie de « canular » et d'« escroquerie ». Nous parlerons ensuite de l'ancien président philippin Duterte, qui a été accusé de crimes contre l'humanité. Notre section scientifique sera consacrée à un article sur le lien qui a été établi entre la consommation de caféine et la vivacité des rêves. Et enfin, nous parlerons de la cérémonie de remise des Ig Nobel, qui récompense des travaux de recherche à la fois insolites et innovants.    Le reste de l'émission d'aujourd'hui sera consacré à la langue et à la culture françaises. Cette semaine, nous terminerons notre série de leçons sur l'imparfait. La dernière leçon sera : Les verbes du 3e groupe : aller, avoir, croire, être, fuir, voir et les verbes qui se conjuguent comme pouvoir. Nous nous intéresserons aux Journées européennes du patrimoine qui ont eu lieu le week-end dernier sur le thème du patrimoine architectural, et plus particulièrement à un institut de recherche célèbre dans le monde entier : l'institut Pasteur. Pour terminer, nous verrons comment employer l'expression de la semaine, Se croire sorti de la cuisse de Jupiter. Les Journées du patrimoine nous donneront l'occasion d'évoquer la vie au château de Versailles, qui propose désormais des visites en réalité virtuelle. Alors, êtes-vous prêts à découvrir la vie au temps du Roi-Soleil ? - Donald Trump prononce un discours offensif à l'ONU - L'ancien président philippin Duterte est accusé de crimes contre l'humanité - Réduire la consommation de caféine pourrait augmenter la vivacité de nos rêves - Prix Ig Nobel : Les bienfaits nutritionnels du téflon et la physique appliquée à la sauce des pâtes - Les journées du patrimoine 2025 - Le Château de Versailles permet à ses visiteurs de revivre le passé

Welcome to the show.  It's a beautiful Friday.  We are sipping 2 coffees today.  We start off with a double shot of espresso from The Queen of Versailles and we finish up with some Pistachio Coffee from Long Run Coffee.  Change is on the horizon.  Fall has started.  Hunting season is kicking off.  Mike is about to start his day job.  Also Mike has released a new stage in Street Fighter Gardening.  Through it all coffee is there for us.  Enjoy! CHECK OUT TODAYS COFFEE AT: The Queen of Versailles https://qvcoffee.com/ Long Run Coffee https://longrun.co/ CHECK OUT OUR DISCOUNT CODES: GOLD LEAF JOURNALS  https://shopgoldleaf.com/products/coffee-journal Discount Code: COFFEEREGULAR  15% off anything in the shop Lotus Coffee and Tea https://lotuscoffeetea.com/ COFFEEREG 15% off your order Breakfast At Dominique's https://hollywoodblends.com/ COFFEEREGULAR Airworks Coffee https://airworkscoffee.com/ COFFEEREG20 Monkey Cult Coffee https://monkeycultcoffee.com/ Discount Code: JOINTHECULT10 Doctor Coffee https://www.doctor-coffee.com/ Discount Code:   COFFEEREG $5 off your first order Wild Gift Coffee https://wildgiftcoffee.com/ Discount Code: COFFEEREG 10% off any order, single use CHECK OUT THE LEGION PROJECT AT: https://thelegionproject.com/ CHECK US OUT ON: SHOPIFY: https://coffee-regular-podcast.myshopify.com/ SPOTIFY: https://open.spotify.com/show/4ZhSOy5oDAHOAm4ggUdL2V?si=5DBsXhK3R2ufSMgpgtFGng iTUNES: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/coffee-regular/id1460681914 PODBEAN AT: https://coffeeregularshow.podbean.com FACEBOOK AT: Coffee Regular Podcast INSTAGRAM AT: @coffeeregularpodcast  

En cette année 2022, la série d'été de Com d'Archi accompagne l'inventaire des richesses architecturales françaises. Du 4 juillet au 28 août, se succèdent des promenades architecturales à travers des demeures, des châteaux, connus et moins connus. Les quatre premiers numéros sont écrits par Esther Greslin. Les quatre numéros suivants sont écrits par Anne-Charlotte Depondt qui porte, par sa voix, la version française. Esther prête sa voix à la version anglaise.Dans ce huitième et dernier numéro de la série d'été 2022, nous parlons du Château de Marly commandité par le roi Louis XIV, architecture royale aujourd'hui disparue. Demeurent comme uniques vestiges le parc, l'abreuvoir et ses fameux chevaux commandités par Louis XV. Pour quelles raisons le grand monarque voulu un nouveau château aux portes de Versailles ? Pourquoi cette oeuvre a disparu? A quoi ressemblait-elle ? A travers ce Com d'Archi plongez-vous un instant au coeur de ce projet "fantastique" imaginé par Jules Hardouin Mansart à la demande du roi soleil.Image teaser Marly-le-Roi, domaine national_DR © Studio LaureIngénierie son : Julien Rebours____Si le podcast COM D'ARCHI vous plaît n'hésitez pas :. à vous abonner pour ne pas rater les prochains épisodes,. à nous laisser des étoiles et un commentaire, :-),. à nous suivre sur Instagram @comdarchipodcast pourretrouver de belles images, toujours choisies avec soin, de manière à enrichirvotre regard sur le sujet.Bonne semaine à tous ! Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

In this year 2022, the summer series of Com d'Archi accompanies the inventory of French architectural treasures. From 4 July to 28 August, architectural walks through houses and castles, both well-known and lesser-known, will follow one another. The first four issues are written by Esther Greslin. The next four numbers are written by Anne-Charlotte Depondt (the voice of the French version). Esther lends her voice to the English version.In this eighth and final issue of the Summer 2022 series, we talk about the Château de Marly commissioned by King Louis XIV, a royal architecture that has now disappeared. The only remains are the park, the watering hole and the famous horses commissioned by Louis XV. Why did the great monarch want a new château at the gates of Versailles? Why did this work disappear? What did it look like? Through this Com d'Archi, you will dive into the heart of this "fantastic" project imagined by Jules Hardouin Mansart at the request of the Sun King.Image teaser Marly-le-Roi, domaine national_DR © Studio LaureSound engineering : Julien Rebours___If you like the podcast do not hesitate:. to subscribe so you don't miss the next episodes,. to leave us stars and a comment :-),. to follow us on Instagram @comdarchipodcast to find beautiful images, always chosen with care, so as to enrich your view on the subject.Nice week to all of you ! Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Dr. Ashley Keith of Crossroads Veterinary Clinic in Versailles joins Jack to review the hazard of chewable meds for pets and overdose risk inherent in them. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Camp David, nestled in Maryland’s Catoctin Mountains, spans about 125 acres, making it significantly smaller than other presidential getaways like Lyndon B. Johnson’s sprawling 2,700-acre Texas ranch or the vast 1,000-acre Bush family compound in Kennebunkport, Maine. Compared to grand diplomatic venues like the White House or international summit locations such as Versailles, its compact, rustic layout with a single main lodge and a handful of cabins offers a more intimate, secluded setting for negotiations. This modest size fosters privacy and informality, as seen during the 1978 Camp David Accords, but lacks the expansive facilities of larger estates or formal state venues. If that’s the case, why has it played host to the most important diplomatic summits of the 20th century? Because the hidden retreat is the one place the President, First Family, and invited guests can gather in absolute secrecy for relaxation, rejuvenation, and world-changing decisions. Today’s guest is Charles Ferguson, author of “Presidential Seclusion: The Power of Camp David.” We look at the importance of Camp David on diplomacy and world history. Written by the former Camp David Historian, this personalized tour of the exclusive retreat makes tree-shrouded trails, majestic vistas, and rooms where history happened over the last 80 years.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

durée : 00:57:55 - Avec philosophie - par : Géraldine Muhlmann, Nassim El Kabli - Face aux événements imprévus et imprévisibles, les êtres humains réagissent de manière différente, entre crainte et adaptation. Certains perçoivent ces situations comme des menaces déstabilisantes, tandis que d'autres y voient des occasions de croissance et de résilience ? - réalisation : Nicolas Berger - invités : Bernard Sève Professeur émérite en esthétique et philosophie de l'art à l'université de Lille; Gérald Sfez Philosophe et professeur en classes préparatoires au lycée La Bruyère de Versailles; Julie Bothorel Docteure en Histoire et Archéologie des mondes anciens

Hello Youtube Members, Patreons and Pacific War week by week listeners. Yes this was intended to be an exclusive episode to join the 29 others over on my Youtube Membership and Patreon, but since we are drawing to the end of the Pacific War week by week series, I felt compelled to make some special episodes to answer some of the bigger questions.   Hey before I begin I just want to thank all of you who have joined the patreon, you guys are awesome. Please let me know what other figures, events or other things you want to hear about in the future and I will try to make it happen.   So as you can see the title of this episode is, Why did the Japanese perform so many Atrocities during the Pacific War. Phewww, its honestly a difficult one to tackle, for there are countless reasons. I had a university professor who taught; ancient and modern Japanese history, history of the Japanese empire and the Pacific War. He actually answered this very question in a single lecture and in many ways I found it to be one of the most illuminating things I ever learnt about the Pacific War. To truly understand the reasons why they did such horrible things, you actually need to learn the general history of Japan, particularly the changes from Tokugawa, to Meiji, to Showa. I am going to do my very best, but I know many of you might be asking “what were the worst things they did?”, not everyone takes a special interest into such a niche part of history. May I recommend for those with strong stomachs “the knights of Bushido” by Edward Russel that covers pretty much all the atrocities of the Asia-Pacific War. For those of you who like darker things, check out Unit 731: Japan's Secret Biological Warfare in World War II by David Wallace and Peter Williams, absolute nightmare fuel.   I can't go through the entire history of Japan, but I think it's important to start off with the first Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895. This was the first time the Empire of Japan fought a true war with a foreign nation, that being the Qing dynasty. At this point in time, there really emerged a sort of, to be blunt, race war. The Chinese had historically referred to the Japanese as “woren”, a racist term meaning dwarf. Now historically the Japanese had always revered the Chinese, kind of like in the way a little brother looks up to his big brother. In tokugawa Japan they would learn from the Chinese, but as the Meiji restoration began this dramatically changed. Japan watched as the Chinese were humiliating and abused by the western powers and failed to modernize. Meanwhile Japan emulated the best of the west, to modernize and become a great power themselves. In many ways, Japan saw itself become big brother and now China was little brother. The Meiji restoration had an element of nationalism built into it that would explode come the Show era. Japan for its entire history had this belief they were the “Yamato Race” dating back to the 6th century. Now while the Meiji restoration sought to emulate the west, they also emulated racism and propaganda, which in the 19th century was kind of a big deal. The Japanese government gradually began a long term campaign promoting the idea the Japanese, or Yamato people were superior to that of the other asian races. Who was the next big asian boy on the block? China, so it was inevitable they would direct a lot of racist attitudes towards the Chinese. During the first sino-japanese war, the Chinese, particularly Manchu had a habit of performing atrocities upon the Japanese. They would often cut off body parts of Japanese soldiers in grotesque manners and leave them to be found by their comrades. This was honestly a pretty typical thing of war in the region, but it did also have a racist element to it, the Chinese certainly saw the Japanese as lesser people. Just before the battle of Port Arthur, the Japanese found mutilated remains of the comrades, here is a passage from Makio Okabe who was there:   As we entered the town of Port Arthur, we saw the head of a Japanese soldier displayed on a wooden stake. This filled us with rage and a desire to crush any Chinese soldier. Anyone we saw in the town, we killed. The streets were filled with corpses, so many they blocked our way. We killed people in their homes; by and large, there wasn't a single house without from three to six dead. Blood was flowing and the smell was awful. We sent out search parties. We shot some, hacked at others. The Chinese troops just dropped their arms and fled. Firing and slashing, it was unbounded joy. At this time, our artillery troops were at the rear, giving three cheers [banzai] for the emperor.   The Japanese performed a massacre at Port Arthur, butchering perhaps up to 3000 Chinese civilians, some claim 10's of thousands and in full few of western war correspondents. It became a huge controversy that destroyed the image of the IJA internationally and hurt the Japanese governments efforts at riding themselves of unequal treaties with the western powers. The Japanese learnt a hell of a lesson and an Imperial Proclamation was made in 1894 stating that Japanese soldiers should make every effort to win the war without violating international laws. According to Japanese historian Yuki Tanaka, Japanese forces during the First Sino-Japanese War released 1,790 Chinese prisoners without harm, once they signed an agreement not to take up arms against Japan if they were released.   During the next major war the Japanese performed a dramatic 180, well at least to their enemy. During the Russo-Japanese War, over 80,000 Russian POWs were held by the IJA who were treated in accordance with the Hague conventions of 1899. The Japanese paid them for labor, housed them in conventional POW camps, made sure they received good medical treatment, ironically better than the Russians were capable of. The Japanese did all of this, making sure the foreign war correspondents wrote about it. It was a massive PR stunt in many ways. The Japanese were emulating how a world power should act, because they sought to be one. Meanwhile the Japanese swallowed their pride at being called yellow monkeys, as the prevalent Yellow Peril ideology was being pushed by Kaiser Wilhehelm and Tsar Nicholas II heavily. The Japanese treated the entire war like gentlemen and suffered horrific higher casualties than necessary because of it. But something many people don't take much notice of, because the IJA made sure of it, was they horrible treatment of the Chinese during the war.   Now the Russians in Manchuria looted, killed and raped many Chinese, pushed quite a bit by the Yellow Peril. The Chinese, certainly the Honghuzi bandits were working for the Japanese to attack them, so its not like they had no reasons. The IJA was more professional and had orders not to molest the Chinese, as they were helping the war effort, but this did not prevent it. The Japanese also looted, killed and raped Chinese. The Japanese would often wave it off as reprisals against potential spies. I only bring this up as it was very apparent, the Japanese treated the Russians much different than the chinese.   Fast forward to WW1, the Japanese had a battle against the Germans and Austro-Hungarians known in the west as the Siege of Tsingtau. The Japanese took up an identical methodology to the Russo-Japanese war with their approach to the Germans, but even took it a step further. After winning the siege, the Japanese seized nearly 5000 German POW's who were treated with a surreal amount of respect. They were brought back to Japan and housed for the rest of the war in 12 cities around Tokyo and Kumamoto. The POW's enjoyed humane treatment and a rather famous event occurred at the Bando camp where a large orchestra was formed of German POW's who toured the nation performing 100 concerts, lectures and plays. Evidence the Germans were treated well can be seen in the fact 170 prisoners never left Japan and sought wives and lives there. Now is this all a feel good love story, no, just like during the Russo-Japanese War, Japan was playing up the PR, for during WW1 they wanted official recognition as a world power and that of being racially equal to the whites.    Japan was officially recognized as a world power during the treaty of Versailles, but when Japan gave its racial equality proposal, President Woodrow Wilson of the US and Australian Prime Minister Billy Hughes refused to allow it to pass, even though they received majority votes. Now The Japanese had been for a lack of better words, fucked over, during the first sino-japanese war when the triple intervention of France, Germany and Russia stole away their war earning of the Liaodong peninsula. During the Russo-Japanese war, Theodore Roosevelt limited the Japanese war gains and now here after WW1 the Japanese received another humiliation. To the Japanese, it was the last straw and it was a major reason they went to war with the west, who they viewed, and honestly rightfully so, would never see them as equals.   Ompf, lot of history there, but now we come to the Showa era, which was molded by the feelings of the past decades.   In 1937 Japan and China enter an unofficial war that saw one of the worst wartime atrocities in human history, the rape of Nanjing. It began on December 13th of 1937, lasting 6 or so weeks seeing the murder of possibly 300,000 civilians and pows, the mass rape of 20,000 and untold hardship upon the Chinese people. The Japanese followed this up with numerous other massacres in China such as the Changjiao Massacre claiming possibly 30,000 Chinese civilian lives, the Alexandra Hospital Massacre killing 200 patients and medical staff in Hong Kong, the Laha Massacre on Ambon island where 300 members of the Gull force were executed, the Bangka island massacre where 60 Australian and British soldiers and 22 Australian nurses were murdered, the Parit Sulong massacre in Malay where 150 wounded Australian and Indian POW's were executed, the Bataan Death march where negligence and brutality took the lives of 650 Americans and perhaps a possible 18,000 Filipinos, the Manila massacres claiming the lives of perhaps 54,000 filipinos including women and children in the Philippines, the Balikpapan massacre in the dutch east indies taking the lives of 78 Dutch Civilians, I can keep going and going. Where the Japanese went, massacres and horrors occurred.    Again if you really want to delve into these stories check out “the knights of Bushido”.   The Japanese also had the infamous special units like 731, who conducted horrifying experiments on civilians and POWs like vivisectioning live people without anesthesia, testing biological and chemical weapons on live people, the freezing peoples to study frostbite treatment and giving people sexually transmitted diseases to study. Lt General Shiro Ishii's unit 731 deployed plague infested fleas, cholera, bubonic plague and other nasty weapons upon Chinese civilians killing perhaps up to 500,000. This was seen during the battle of Changde and famously during operation Sei-go also known as the Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign.    The Japanese also enacted the infamous “Sanko Sakusen / three all's policy : kill all, urn all, loot all” in retaliation to the Chinese communists Hundred regiments offensive in December of 1940. Sanctioned by Hirohito personally, it is thought this act resulted in the death of 2.7 million Chinese civilians. According to author Werner Gruhl 8 million Chinese civilian deaths could be attributable to the Japanese.     So then we come back to the big question, why? So now that I've covered the loose history for coherency sake I want to list here the largest reasons for the atrocities and by no means is this official categories or even all of them, I am simply stating kind of my top ones I guess you can say:   Treaties signed or not signed War strategy and indoctrination  Ultra-Nationalism and Racism Surrender & the Bastardization of the Bushido code The Brutality of the Japanese military Treaties signed or not signed   Yes its time to talk about treaties, yawn. Now I said previously Japan did sign the Hague Conventions of 1899 and would ratify them in 1907. The Hague conventions did contain laws for prisoners of war, protection of civilians. Alongside this, in 1894 an imperial proclamation was made stating Japanese soldiers should make every effort to win a war without violating international laws. More significantly Japan “signed” but unlike the majority of other world powers did not ratify the Geneva convention of 1929. Why? To be blunt, the geneva conventions did not really benefit the Japanese military from their point of view.   First the Japanese had a very specific perspective on surrendering, they simply did not do it, so they did not expect many of their soldiers to ever become POW's, so how would it benefit them to ratify such a thing? If they are not going to have many POW's, why would they burden themselves with upholding all the conventional laws for POW's they would obtain during war?  Another glaring reason involved aerial bombing. Many Japanese leaders, like Kanji Ishiwara, believed the home islands would be subjected to massive aerial bombing if a global war broke out. If Japan was subjected to aerial bombing and ratified the geneva convention, this meant they would have to take the pilots who were caught prisoner. The Japanese believed this would encourage further bombing. Lastly the convention had rules for POW treatment that literally contradicted how Japanese soldiers were treated by their own superiors. More about that in the last part about the military's brutality, but summarized, the Japanese army were abusive as hell and to sign such a thing would literally contradict how they did things.   Emperor Hirohito personally ratified a decision to remove certain constraints of the Hague Conventions when it came to the treatment of Chinese POW's in the directive of 5 August 1937. This notification advised staff officers to simply stop using the term "prisoners of war". They would refer to their enemy as bandits, guerillas and such, anything but soldiers so they would not have to take any prisoners, though they typically did not leave anyone alive in China regardless. The Geneva Convention exempted POWs of sergeant rank or higher from manual labor, and stipulated that prisoners performing work should be provided with extra rations and other essentials. The Japanese in the later half of the war would be starved of provisions and resources, thus its to no surprise they could not meet these demands, even if they sought to uphold them. I will note in 1942, Japan indicated they would “follow” the Geneva rules and would observe the Hague Convention of 1907 outlining the laws and customs of war. Yet this is like a verbal confirmation, it had no legal basis, something the Japanese particularly loved to do during the war.   According to Dr. William Skelton III, who produced a document entitled American Ex Prisoners of War for the U.S. Department of Veterans' Affairs, more POWs died at the hands of the Japanese in the Pacific theater and specifically in the Philippines than in any other conflict to date. For example in Germany, POWs died at a rate 1.2%. In the Pacific theater the rate was 37%. In the Philippines, POWs died at a rate of 40%.    Now these pieces of paper that were signed or not signed, what does this really matter when it comes to war, its obvious they were not upholding certain rules, but how did this quote en quote make them more brutal and perform more atrocities? Well here is the sticky thing, if you are part of the Japanese military and you know your nation did not ratify certain rules of war, this meant your enemy had no supposed legal basis to follow said rules against you either.    So I want you to think of two aspects of this. If your nation did not sign or ratify certain treaties, then you could not expect the enemy to respect such rules when it comes to you. But more importantly, what if the leader of your nation…just told you to believe that?    In early 1942, Great Britain, the United States of America and other great powers did officially let the Japanese know that they would, on their  part, observe all the provisions of the Convention and requested reciprocity. Japanese foreign minister at the time, Hideki Tojo gave a formal assurance that although Japan was not bound by the Geneva convention, the Japanese would apply it “mutatis mutandis” towards the Americans, British, Canadians, Australians and New Zealander POW's, note he most definitely did not extend this to the asiatic groups, nor the Dutch whom I guess he just forgot about. But this did morally bind Japan to comply with the convention. However the top brass of the Japanese military, notably Hideki Tojo in these cases, went out of his way to instill beliefs within the military as to what they should expect from the enemy. As you will see in the next points, this was basically a type of indoctrination.   War strategy and indoctrination    The leaders of Japan knew full well how unmatched they were in terms of resources and productivity before they began the war with the west. How could they possibly win the war? The IJN was dead set on a decisive naval battle, but for the IJA to compensate for their lack of resources, they believed their “spirit” would overcome the enemy. In many ways this spirit meant going above and beyond normal human endurance, to literally outperform the allies and notably to conduct the war with absolutely zero mercy. Once Japan lost the initiative in the war, after Guadalcanal, the IJA were forced to fight a war of attrition. Now they would prolong and exact maximum casualties upon the allies hoping to force them to the peace table. The idea was quite simple, the IJA would do everything possible to make the allies believe they would never give up and it would far too costly to defeat them. How does one go about achieving these aims? Well the IJA officers would tell you “by steeling your hearts”. To achieve all of this required extreme indoctrination.    Japanese children grew up in regimentation, they were desensitized to violence through tales of martial glory, and were taught that their purpose in life was to serve the emperor. Upon entering  military service, they were trained out of any individualistic spirit, and taught that compassion was a weakness and had no place in the field of war. The soldier's motto was faith equaled strength.  Faith being devotion to duty and service to the Divine Emperor. Apart from ideology and spiritual toughening, training in the Japanese Imperial Army was also extremely harsh and violent. This was not even particularly a special aspect of Showa Japan, it went all the way back to the Meiji era. From a young age children's education directed them, like a pipeline for military duty.   Now at the offset of the war, Hideki Tojo released the “Senjinkun” “instructions for the battlefield”. This was basically a manual for soldiers on how to conduct war. The document was used to establish standards of behavior for Japanese troops and improve discipline and morale within the Army, it also included things like a prohibition against being taken prisoner. It stated if you were captured by the enemy, because Japan did not sign or ratify certain treaties, you would be killed or tortured by the allies, and if you survived you and your family would face shame back home, and punishment resulting typically in 6 months of prison.   Here is a small excerpt from the document Those who know shame are weak. Always think of [preserving] the honor of your community and be a credit to yourself and your family. Redouble your efforts and respond to their expectations. Never live to experience shame as a prisoner. By dying you will avoid leaving a stain on your honor.   The purpose was basically psychological warfare, against their own army. Those like Hideki Tojo believed Japan could only defeat the resource rich Americans with spirit. Thus the manuals like Senjinkun demanded the forces not ever surrender, because the allies would do horrible things, it was shameful to do so and there were disciplinary actions for any who did. In 1942 the Army amended its criminal code to specify that officers who surrendered soldiers under their command faced at least six months imprisonment, regardless of the circumstances in which the surrender took place. This change attracted little attention, however, as the Senjinkun imposed more severe consequences and had greater moral force.   In a report dated June 1945, the U.S. Office of War Information noted that 84 percent of one group of interrogated Japanese prisoners, many of whom had been injured or unconscious when captured stated that they had expected to be killed or tortured by the Allies if taken prisoner. The OWI analysts described this as being typical, and concluded that fear of the consequences of surrender, “rather than Bushido,” was the motivation for many Japanese battle deaths in hopeless circumstances–as much as, and probably more than, the other two major considerations: fear of disgrace at home, and “the positive desire to die for one's nation, ancestors, and god-emperor.”   Something barely talked about in the west, was during the Pacific War, the Americans had a habit of taking human trophies. Human trophies were Japanese skulls, gold teeth, finger bones and such. The famous novel “With the Old Breed” by Eugene Sledge spoke of his personal accounts of these actions, its a rather gruesome and dark part of the war. Now some of these actions were publicized, despite the US military's efforts to quell and hush it down. Time magazine famously had an iconic photo of a woman whose enlisted boyfriend sent her home a Japanese skull. FDR also famously was given a letter opener carved out of Japanese bones. These stories were seized up greedily by the Japanese government who used them as propaganda to prove to their soldiers what would happen if they were captured. It had a profound effect as you can imagine. And this was not limited to Japanese soldiers. The propaganda machine would contribute at the end of the war to mass civilian suicides on Okinawa and Saipan.   Back to the POW subject. When it came to the treatment of POW's, Hideki Tojo began submitting in May of 1942 a series of memorandum, basic orders as to how POW's should be treated. “Prisoners of war can be used for the enlargement of our production and as military labor, white prisoners of war will be confined successively in Korea, Formosa and Manchuria. Superior technicians and high ranking officers -- Colonels and above -- will be included among the prisoners of war confined in Formosa. Those who are not suitable for use in enlargement of our production will be confined in prisoner of war camps which will be built immediately on the spot.Although the working of prisoner of war officers and warrant officers is forbidden by the Regulations of 1903, the policy of the control authorities is that under the situation of our country where not one person now eats without working they want them to set to work. It is desired that you give proper orders on this.The present situation of affairs in this country does not permit anyone to lie idle doing nothing but eating freely. With that in view, in dealing with prisoners of war, I hope you will see that they may be usefully employed. In Japan, we have our own ideology concerning prisoners of war, which should naturally make their treatment more or less different from that in Europe and America. In dealing with them, you should, of course, observe the various Regulations concerned, aim at an adequate application of them . . . At the same time, you must not allow them to lie idle doing nothing but eating freely for even a single day. Their labor and technical skill should be fully utilized for the replenishment of production, and contribution rendered toward the prosecution of the Greater East Asiatic War for which no effort ought to be spared."   Thus in the end as a grunt in the IJA you were led to believe: if I am captured I will be tortured, killed maybe turned into a letter opener, or someone will place my skull on their mantle. If I surrender and survive and make it back home, I will be severely punished and worst of all me and my family will be shamed. I could not expect any humanity from the enemy, because my nation did not sign or ratify treaties like the Geneva convention. More so, because my armies conduct was so unbelievably barbaric, I could only expect the very same from my enemy. It was a vicious cycle. You perform atrocities, expecting the enemy to do the same, and thus it just keeps perpetuating itself. Ultra-Nationalism and Racism   Now we spoke a little bit about the concept of the Yamato race, the Japanese were indoctrinated to believe they were a superior race and that their emperor was something akin to a living god. Until this war, the Japanese empire was on a hell of a winning streak going all the way back to the Meiji Era. For the first half of the Pacific war, the Japanese won nearly every battle. This led to something historians called “victory disease” that made them become somewhat arrogant and cocky, but it also made them feel “superhuman”. The allies' news reporting at the beginning of the war began to frantically refer to the Japanese as “supermen”or  “super jungle fighters”. Particularly because of the Malay campaign, the Japanese soldier just seemed to be tougher, could survive harsher jungle climates, even doing so with less food or war materials. The Japanese read the allied news reports and came to the conclusion that had been driven down their throats by their government, indeed the Japanese spirit was winning the war. The Japanese public ate this up in their propaganda and it perpetuated their ultra-nationalistic beliefs. The Japanese truly came to believe they were destined to rule the asia-pacific. Look at the results in China for example. Within a short amount of time they conquered much of China, though the public really had no idea how bad the China was bottled down by 1940. Then came the greater east asia co-prosperity sphere propaganda, which is an excellent example of their megalomania.    Yet alongside their ultra-nationalism, seen more strongly perpetuated against other Asian groups, the Japanese also indoctrinated their public with racism against them. The Yellow Peril of the 19th century and anti-japanese or anti-asian racism fueled the Japanese soldiers. The Japanese as a people had faced brutal racist hardships historically at the hands of the west, particularly from their point of view from America. There was the slights against them during the first sino-japanese war, the infamous triple intervention of france, germany and Russia stealing away their prize that was the liaodong peninsula. Then during the Boxer rebellion they faced racism, not being allowed to lead mutli national army formations, despite them being the lionshare of said military force. The Russo-Japanese war saw from their point of view, America stealing their war prizes. Last but not least, after WW1 they were told to their faces that they were a world power, but not racially equal. The Japanese faced anti-Japanese and anti-asian immigration laws when it came to America in the form of the gentleman's agreement and Australia's “great white Australia policy”. During the war, the American propaganda machine began pumping out racist caricatures of Japanese as rats, goggle eyed  bucktooth people, literal yellow monkey's.   For the IJA the pacific war in many was a holy war directed at the arrogant whites who had abused them for so long. This will probably sound controversial, but indeed, the pacific war was very much a race war. If you are not convinced of that, I recommend reading “War without Mercy: Race and Power in the Pacific War” by John Dower. The human trophy taking, anti-japanese bucktooth, rat people cartoon propaganda, history of racial abuse like the japanese concentration camps, the gentleman's agreement, the stealing of victories during the first sino-japanese war, russo-japanese war and ww1 all plagued the mind of a Japanese soldier. To them in many ways, the “whites had it coming”. Which is rather ironic given how the Japanese would treat the other asian racial groups they came into contact with. But such is the contradictory nature of the Imperial Japanese military.    The Japanese also held racist beliefs about the westerners. The Japanese soldiers were taught the allies were akin to demons or beasts. They were described often as “the hairy ones” or “anglo-American demons”. Taught these men would rape women and girls, stample upon the civilians they captured with the treads of their tanks. The marines were especially dreaded.  According to a story circulated widely among the Japanese on Saipan, all Marine Corps recruits were compelled to murder their own parents before being inducted into service. It was said that Japanese soldiers taken prisoner would suffer hideous tortures—their ears, noses, and limbs would be cut off; they would be blinded and castrated; they could also be cooked and fed to dogs. As silly as this may sound, do remember the Americans were taking human trophies so the Japanese propaganda machine had its evidence. Tons of photos of skulls atop american tanks for example were displayed to the Japanese public. Another famous one was the cartoon appearing in an American servicemen's magazine, which was later reproduced and translated in the Japanese press. It suggested the existence of “Japanese hunting licenses, promising open season on the enemy, complete with free ammunition and equipment—with pay!    In terms of how the Japanese exacted their own racism towards their fellow asians. During the War the Japanese dragged into forced labor, Koreans, Chinese and southeast asians. 670,000 Koreans were brought to Japan to work mines and heavy industry, around 60,000 of them died to harsh conditions. Between April 1943 to May 1945, 41,862 Chinese were sent to Japan to work, 2800 died before even reaching the home islands. 6872 died in the work sites again from brutal conditions. When it comes to southeast asian numbers are hard to pinpoint but its safe to say at least 300,000 Javanese, Malay, Burmese, Tamil and other groups were mobilized to construct the Burma-Siam railroad between October 1942 to november 1943 and 60,000 perished. This all went for the men, for the women, all those racial groups would face the horrors of becoming comfort women, historians estimate there could have been 50-200,000 pressed into it. But for the Japanese, believing their were superior to these other asiatic groups, groups whom they would publicly say were like children, they as the father figure would guide, well they simply abused them.   So in a contradictive fashion, the Japanese believed they were superior and could do horrible things to their Asian neighbors while simultaneously decrying the racism cast towards them by western powers as justification for their brutal actions against them. These types of feelings and perspectives molded the mind of the average Japanese soldier, dehumanizing others has always been a standard military practice afterall.    Surrender & the Bastardization of the Bushido code   I think this is one the vast majority of WW2 history buffs know, the Japanese perspective on surrender and the bushido code. In the book “military trials of war criminals in the Netherlands east indies 1946-1949” Fred Borch had this to say about the variable of bushido for the brutality   As Japan continued its modernization in the early 20th century, her armed forces became convinced that success in battle would be assured if Japanese soldiers, sailors, and airmen had the "spirit" of Bushido. ... The result was that the Bushido code of behavior "was inculcated into the Japanese soldier as part of his basic training." Each soldier was indoctrinated to accept that it was the greatest honor to die for the Emperor and it was cowardly to surrender to the enemy. ... Bushido therefore explains why the Japanese soldiers who were stationed in the NEI so mistreated POWs in their custody. Those who had surrendered to the Japanese—regardless of how courageously or honorably they had fought—merited nothing but contempt; they had forfeited all honor and literally deserved nothing. Consequently, when the Japanese murdered POWs by shooting, beheading, and drowning, these acts were excused since they involved the killing of men who had forfeited all rights to be treated with dignity or respect. While civilian internees were certainly in a different category from POWs, it is reasonable to think that there was a "spill-over" effect from the tenets of Bushido.   It is very true, the Japanese soldiers and sailors were taught Japan was a sacred nation. Traditional samurai values of bushido were merged with modern training and weaponry. The government propagandized the figure of the Emperor as a living god who embodied the Japanese state, the Kokutai. Emperor Hirohito and his family were the spiritual essence of Japan. To even show your back to the enemy let alone surrender was deemed cowardly and brought dishonor upon your family. As written by Inouye Jukichi in 1910, something read by many Japanese “The Japanese warriors looked upon it as shame to themselves not to die when their Lord was hard pressed . . . their own shame was the shame upon their parents, their family, their house and their whole clan, and with this idea deeply impressed upon their minds, the Samurai, no matter of what rank, held their lives light as feathers when compared with the weight they attached to the maintenance of a spotless name”.    Young men of Japan were taught that "The greatest honor is to die for the Emperor" Additionally precept the Japanese were taught that it is an ignominy to surrender to the enemy. The combined effect of these two precepts was to inculcate in the Japanese soldier a spirit of contempt for Allied soldiers who surrendered, which, in defiance of the rules of war, was demonstrated in their ill-treatment of prisoners. They made no distinction between the soldier who fought honorably and courageously up to an inevitable surrender, and the soldier who surrendered without a fight. All enemy soldiers who surrendered under any circumstance were to be regarded as being disgraced and entitled to live only by the tolerance of their captors.   Surrender was unforgivable under their code, drilled into them through the Imperial Japanese education system and military. When the Japanese would come across vast swathes of the enemy surrendering, particularly if the enemy used up all their ammunition killing their comrades and then surrendered, well it added fuel to their brutality. One only needs to look at the deaths due to Banzai charges, take for example the incredibly massive one at the battle of Saipan seeing around 4000 dead Japanese. IJA officers brought ancestral katana's to the war, the Japanese cut off the heads of the enemies as it was seen to be honorable. When faced with death, many chose to commit seppuku, the bushido propaganda was intense.    A brutal practice emerged in the Pacific island hopping campaign, whereupon wounded Japanese would pretend to be dead or surrender only to explode grenades upon allied forces coming closer. This began to be noticed by US marines during the battle of Guadalcanal and Australians in New Guinea. This began a vicious cycle . There were of course Japanese who would surrender. Hell the Koreans forced into service often did try to surrender, but they would all be hampered by something. Because of the actions of those Japanese feinted death and taking down allied soldiers with them, the allied soldiers gradually began a practice of not bothering to accept surrender. It became a self fulfilling prophecy. Many Japanese made the allies believe all they could expect was a grenade death, thus the allies became more brutal to them. This simply led the Japanese to conclude their government was accurate about how the allies would treat them, so more and more did not surrender. An absolutely horrible cycle that went on to the very end of the war, though the allies did figure out means to get Japanese to surrender more in the last year.    The Brutality of the Japanese military   I think this is probably one of the most important factors, and its also one the “normies” would not know as much about. The Imperial Japanese military, more so the Army, had what I can only describe as a built in system of abuse. As described to me by the same university professor I keep bringing up in podcasts, picture a literal pecking order. Going from the highest ranked general to the very bottom grunt. Imagine each one who is higher than the other, routinely physically abuses them. For example, it was very typical for a colonel to slap a major across the face, the major would then strike one of his captains, and the abuse would continue through the ranks to the grunts who would have no one to abuse, thus they turned to POW's or civilian populations. This was not just an accepted part of the Japanese Imperial Army it was indoctrinated.    From day one of basic training, IJA officers taught their men, races like the Chinese were their blood enemies and racially inferior. These were people the Japanese would rule over one day. The trainers would toss the boys into rigorous training activities involving physical violence towards another alongside the notion any orders given by a higher ranking officer was infallible and to be treated as if the divine emperor himself, the living god was giving it.    The Japanese army even taught methods of torture that would be employed in all areas they occupied. Among these tortures were the water treatment, burning, electric shocks, the knee spread, suspension, kneeling on sharp instruments and flogging. The Kempetai, were the ones doing the lionshare of these tortures. Other Army and Navy units, however, used the same methods as the Kempetai. Camp guards performed similar methods, local police forces organized by the Kempetai in the occupied territories also applied the same methods of torture. The Kempetai were administered by the War Ministry, trained at specialized schools who were maintained and operated by the War Ministry in Japan. Thus the conduct of Kempetai and the camp guards directly reflected the policy of the War Ministry.    The Japanese army leadership made sure recruits were physically and mentally abused, they were given strenuously duty tasks and pushed to their absolute limit. During the war given where they were deployed, take guadalcanal for example, the Japanese soldiers would be facing starvation as well. Being half starved, beaten and suffering the effects of war would drive anyone to perform horrifying acts. The life of a Japanese solider was simply at the whims of an extremely toxic management culture. The lowest ranking echelons received the lionshare of abuse and they took out their frustration with whomever they could find deemed lower than them, ie: POW's, civilians, etc.   All of these variables combined contributed to the creation of a military willing to perform just about any atrocity they thought necessary to win the war. It was a war they could not hope to win, but many of them went to their deaths trying to defeat the hands of fate. There are countless other reasons of course for the atrocities committed in cold or hot blood. Countless books have been written on this subject, please do check out the few I mentioned. With that again, a big thanks to you patreons, you guys are awesome. Please let me know what you think in the comments, and what you want to hear more about in the future. This has been the pacific war channel over and out.

This week Jam, Jeff, and JD went back in time to read "The Rose of Versailles" Vol. 1 by Riyoko Ikeda, one of the foundational works of all shoujo comics. Get into your Versailles mindset (Versaind-set) for some gorgeous dresses, elegant balls, murder, and class warfare. Listen in so as to put this work in its proper historical context, and to avoid a case of “Paris syndrome.” Music by Sleuth. Our next episode will be on "Home by the Rotting Sea" by Otava Heikkila.

My Story   Talk 27  More Activities in Europe Welcome to Talk 27 in our series where I'm reflecting on God's goodness to me throughout my life. Last time I was talking about our off-campus activities while we were at Mattersey. I began by talking about activities in Britain and concluded with our activities in Europe, particularly in connection with EPTA, the European Pentecostal Theological Association. Today we'll be saying more about Europe, first with regard to our activities in the Pentecostal European Fellowship, and then about my preaching in national leaders' conferences as well as in local churches. The Pentecostal European Fellowship As I have already explained, PEF was formed as a result of a merger between PEC and EPF. Little did I know when I accepted the invitation to preach at the PEC conference in 1978 that it would eventually lead not only to the founding of EPTA but also to a ministry within PEF itself, and ultimately to representing Europe on the Presidium of the Pentecostal World Conference. Because of my experience in Europe, I was first asked by the AoG Executive Council, as its chairman, to represent AoG on the PEF committee. Jakob Zopfi from Swtizerland had been its chairman for many years and, after Reinhold Ulonska retired as vice-chairman, the PEF Committee elected me to take his place. Major features of the work of PEF were the conferences it usually held once every three years. Thousands of people from all over Europe came to these conferences, though the majority on each occasion came from the country that was hosting it. Relatively few, however, came from the UK. This may have been because of the cost of crossing the channel, or even because the preaching was always done through an interpreter which English speaking people often find it hard to get used to. After preaching at the conference in The Hague in 1978, the next PEF conference we attended was in Böblingen near Stuttgart in 1984, but not in any official capacity. Eileen and I went on to attend conferences in Jönköping, (Sweden, 1991), Bordeaux (France, 1994), Fridek-Mistek (Czech Republic, 1997), Helsinki (Finland, 2000), and Berlin (Germany, 2003). There are many towns in Sweden with a name ending in -koping. It's connected with our English word shopping and is roughly equivalent to market. It was at Jönköping (pronounced yernsherping) that I was appointed to serve as Vice Chairman of PEF. We travelled there by car, which may seem surprising bearing in mind the distance, but it meant that Eileen could come with me, and the trip would cost no more than the price of one air ticket for me. And it turned out that, as most of the delegates had arrived by plane, there was little transport available between the hotel and the conference centre. This meant that we were able to transport Dr Ray Hughes, who was the chairman of the Pentecostal World Conference and the guest speaker from America, to and from the meetings. It gave him the opportunity to get to know us and may have been partly the reason why the following year I was appointed to serve on the PWC advisory committee, and eventually as a member of its presidium. We also travelled by car to the Bordeaux conference in 1994, combining it with a holiday exploring south-western France and visiting Castera Verduzan in Gascony, and Mauléon-Licharre and Eaux Bonnes in the Pyrenees. The conference was particularly significant for Eileen because she was the wife of the Vice-Chairman. This normally carried no specific responsibility, but Sylvia Zopfi, the wife of the Chairman, had broken her leg and was unable to attend. Consequently, it fell to Eileen to preside at a meal for ladies, most of whom were French speaking. Of course there was an interpreter, but Eileen never saw herself as an ‘up front' person and was understandably nervous. Because it was a meal for ladies, I was unable to attend, but I found out later that Herman von Ameron, the husband of the guest speaker, had crept in at the back. So I asked him privately how Eileen had got on, and he replied, She was magnificent. She was like the Queen! Following the political reforms known as perestroika introduced by Russian President Mikhail Gorbachov in the late 1980s, Czechoslovakia was divided into two separated nations, the Czech Republic (or Czechia) and Slovakia. Fridek-Mistek was the venue chosen for the 1997 PEF conference, because it lies on the border of these two countries and so provided delegates from both equal opportunities to attend. Once again, Eileen and I travelled by car, taking extra care in Czechia not to exceed the speed limit, as we'd heard that the Czech police were likely to impose heavy fines on foreigners for any minor infringement. We took the opportunity to visit Prague, a beautiful city, for a weekend before travelling on to the conference. It was now almost 20 years since I had first preached at the conference in The Hague, but for the next decade I was to become a regular speaker with the special responsibility of preaching on the Baptism in the Holy Spirit and praying for people to receive. Sadly there are still many people who attend Pentecostal churches who have not yet come into the experience and in a conference where thousands are in attendance the numbers coming forward for prayer were likely to be enormous. Pentecostal pastors often seem reluctant to teach on the subject, possibly because they are frightened that, when they lay hands on those they pray for, they will not begin to speak in tongues. So I felt the need to preach not only to the people, but also to the pastors. And at Fridek-Mistek I decided to pray for the pastors before I prayed for the people. I asked all the pastors who wanted the Lord to use them in laying hands on people to receive the baptism, to come forward first. I explained that I would pray for them first so that they could then join with me in praying for the people. Dozens of pastors came forward and after I had prayed for them I asked them to turn round and face the congregation. I then called the people to come forward. Hundreds came and each pastor had a queue of people to pray for. Of course, it's impossible to know how many spoke in tongues for the first time, especially in a meeting where so many different languages are spoken! And, even with the people I personally prayed for, there was no way of knowing if they were speaking in tongues or if they were just praying in their own native language. But one thing was particularly noteworthy. When teaching on the baptism I have always been careful to stress that the evidence we are expecting is tongues, not tingles – or shaking, or falling over, or anything else that has no clear biblical basis! However, when one of the people I prayed for did fall over, there was an immediate reaction in the queue next to mine. People started to move into my queue. Perhaps they felt that, despite all I had said, they would somehow get something extra if they fell over! There is still a desperate need for teaching on this throughout the Pentecostal movement and the charismatic renewal worldwide. After the conference we drove into Austria and stayed in an apartment in the church in Bad Ischl where Klaus Winter, the PEF treasurer, was the pastor. I preached in his church and we had a wonderful ten days there exploring Salzburg and the Salzkammergut, the wonderful area where The Sound of Music was filmed. The Helsinki conference was held in the summer of the year 2000 but was preceded by an EPTA conference held in Kaggeholme near Stockholm. We travelled by car as far as Kaggeholme but after EPTA we parked it at Arlanda airport and flew to Helsinki. As Jakob Zopfi was unable to attend because of an illness, it was my responsibility to chair the conference. I also preached on the baptism in the Holy Spirit and, as at Fridek-Mistek, had the privilege of praying for many who were seeking. Shortly after that Jakob Zopfi retired as the PEF chairman and I confess that I was rather relieved not to be appointed as his successor. I too was soon to retire from Mattersey and frankly I didn't want the responsibility. Ingolf Ellsel, a younger man who was the leader of the BFP in Germany, was appointed as chairman, and I was happy to continue to serve as vice chairman. In 2003 the conference was held in Berlin in June. En route we stopped at Liège preaching there over the weekend. We reached Berlin in good time for the conference travelling at times at almost 150 m.p.h. on the autobahns where there was no speed limit. We stayed in a hotel on the outskirts of Berlin in Spandau, famous for its ballet company, and travelled in by underground train to the conference meetings. As in previous years I preached and prayed for people to receive the baptism and hundreds came forward. When Ingolf Ellsel asked who had spoken in tongues for the first time it seemed like just about everybody who had been prayed for raised their hand. It was experiences like this that were undoubtedly the reason why I was asked to speak at so many churches and conferences for national leaders. Churches and National Leaders' Conferences During the years I was at Mattersey I spoke at several national leaders' conferences as well as ministering in local churches. Most of the teaching I did at national conferences centred on the baptism and gifts of the Holy Spirit and how to encourage them at local church level.  These included Germany and Hungary (1989), Iceland (1990), Austria (1999), Belgium (2003) and France (2004) where I was required to preach six times in French on a variety of topics.   The conference was held in Léognan, near Bordeaux, and close to the site of the ADD Bible College. (ADD Assemblées de Dieu i.e. AoG). I taught several sessions in the college in the week preceding the conference and then preached at a youth event held in a marquee in the college grounds. This was an occasion where I really needed the Lord to help me. Of course we always need his help, but this time even more so. I had completely forgotten that I was scheduled to be the speaker at this event, so I said to the principal of the college,             I don't really need to be at the youth meeting this afternoon, do I? To which he replied,             Mais si, vous êtes le prédicteur! (But yes, you are the preacher!) But I had nothing prepared, and I had never preached to young people in French before. Fortunately, several of my books have been translated into French including The Holy Spirit – an Introduction. I had little more than an hour before the meeting began and so, helped the French text of the section on the fruit of the Spirit, I hurriedly prepared a message on this, using examples from the life of Jesus. And the Lord really blessed it. Dozens of young people came forward responding to the appeal to seek to rededicate their lives to Christ. That really encouraged me as the I was preaching in the thousand strong assembly in Bordeaux where Daniel Hébert, whom I had met through PEF, was the pastor. But before leaving the subject of national conferences I need to mention that it was at that conference that David Cizéron gave me a book about his father's work in a part of France I had never heard of, something which will become relevant in a later talk. As far as preaching in local churches is concerned, there are of course far too many to mention them all. I have already talked about my trips to Sweden when I preached in local churches as well as teaching in Bible Colleges. One highlight of these trips was preaching in the Filadelfia church in Stockholm founded by the renowned Pentecostal pioneer, Lewi Pethrus (whose name, incidentally, features immediately before mine in the International Dictionary of Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements). Another highlight was travelling with Eileen to Kristinehamn at the northern end of Lake Vänern, the largest lake in Sweden, and preaching for a week for Paul Gren, one of our former Mattersey students. Germany was another country I also visited frequently. My contact with Germany came from three different though interrelated sources – EPTA which I have already mentioned, the national leaders of the Volksmission group of churches, and the local church in Heidenheim. Herbert Ros and Günter Kaupp were president and vice-president of Volksmission and had both been students at Kenley under the principalships of Donald Gee and John Carter respectively. They both had a great respect for what we were doing at Mattersey and over the years sent us a good number of excellent students who, after they had returned to Germany to take up pastorates there, invited us to minister for them whenever we were in Germany. It was also through my contacts with the leadership of Volksmission that I was invited on several occasions to travel round the churches for a couple of weeks often preaching for just one evening in each church. I was usually accompanied by Eileen, who loved travelling with me and enjoying the beautiful scenery of southern Germany and the warm hospitality we received in homes wherever we went. We undertook such trips in 1998, and 1999, when I was also the guest speaker at the BFP national leaders' conference. (BFP was the wider Pentecostal movement in Germany of which Volksmission had become a part). We made similar trips in 1994, '95, and '96. But it was the church at Heidenheim that we visited most frequently. The pastor there was Albert Bühler. In the early eighties his son-in-law Jürgen Single had heard about a youth camp we were holding at Mattersey during the summer vacation and asked if he could visit it with a coachload of young people from their church as they were arranging a tour of England. We were delighted to receive them and that was the beginning of a lovely relationship we enjoyed with the Bühler-Single family and the church in Heidenheim. We also visited Luxembourg on several occasions due to our relationship with John and Ann Leese who, as AoG missionaries, did an amazing job over many years planting a church there. John had been a student at Kenley when I first started teaching there. We first visited them for a weekend with William and Anthea Kay in 1990 and then again for a holiday in '92 with our daughter Debbie, her husband David, and their one-year-old daughter, Emily, who was our first grandchild. We have visited them many times since including 2001 when John asked me to take care of the preaching (in French, not Luxembourgish) while he and Ann were on holiday. It's also through our contact with Luxembourg that some of my books were translated into French. I will always be grateful to Caroline Hutin, a French schoolteacher who specialised in English, who spent many hours translating You'd Better Believe It, Body Builders, and Just a Taste of Heaven. Having these available was very helpful when I was preaching or teaching in French-speaking countries like France and Belgium. I am so grateful to the Lord that people have enjoyed my teaching and have usually wanted to know more. And my books, in whatever language, have made that possible. My ministry in Belgium was concentrated largely in and around Brussels, at the Continental Theological Seminary where I taught regularly for several years, and at the Christian Centre which held services in both English and French. Daniel Costanza, the pastor of the French speaking church, has used my books as a basis for teaching various courses of Bible study. Jacques Dernelle, who teaches regular courses at CTS, also pastors a great church in Tubize where I have also had the privilege of teaching and preaching. And on at least two occasions I visited Liège and gave a series of teaching which seemed to be well appreciated by the people there. In France where we frequently went on holiday we always sought to attend the nearest ADD church on Sunday mornings and I was often asked to preach. I remember preaching in Versailles, Pau, Mourrenx, Clermont-Ferrand, and Toulouse. However, in Embrun they didn't know who I was and anyway there was already a guest preacher, a French pastor, Samuel Foucart, from Pavilly near Rouen. I enjoyed his preaching and spoke with him afterwards. We exchanged contact details and as a result I was invited in the year 2000 to do a week's teaching on the Holy Spirit. Countries I visited only once or twice during this period were Austria, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Ireland, and Italy. In 1982 at the invitation of Carl Pocklington we went to Austria for a week and I preached in Villach and Klagenfürt. And in 2000 I taught for a few days in the church in Linz where Eddie Griesfelder was the pastor. On two occasions I preached for a week in Messina in Sicily where Giuseppe Melusso was the pastor of large AoG church. In 1991 I preached in Reykjavik (Iceland), and in Nokia (Finland) where Teuvo Valkama, one of our former students was the pastor. And in 2002 I preached in Copenhagen (Denmark) and Limerick in Ireland. I look back on all these experiences with great joy and a profound sense of gratitude to the Lord for the privilege of declaring his word in so many places and to so many people. Next time we'll be talking about our service for the Lord beyond Europe.

Journalist Mary McCarthy has been avoiding motorways for years, even planning her life around how to dodge them. She tells Kylie Pentelow how she discovered it's a far more common problem than you might think, especially among women in mid-life.England are through to the Rugby World Cup final. They face Canada next Saturday but who will we see lift the trophy? Former player Kat Merchant gives her view.Who is Erika Kirk? Kylie speaks to Anne McElvoy, executive editor at Politico and host of the Sam and Anne political podcast, about the wife of Charlie Kirk, American activist and influencer, who was shot dead on 10 September. Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright Suzan-Lori Parks discusses her new adaptation of The Harder They Come, based on the classic 1972 film whose legendary soundtrack brought reggae to the world. She joins Kylie to explain her process for adapting classic stories and how she rewrote the rules for language and structure in theatre.The UK's first ever exhibition dedicated to the life of the French Queen Marie Antoinette has just opened at the Victoria and Albert Museum in London. Marie Antoinette Style explores the lasting influence of the fashionable icon, showcasing more than 250 objects, some of which have never been seen outside of Versailles. So, who was this ill-fated queen and how does her style still resonate with us today?

Portugal has joined Britain, Canada and Australia in formally recognising Palestinian statehood. It comes after their growing criticism of Israel's military offensive in Gaza -- and is meant to revive hopes of a two-state solution to the conflict. Israel's prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu said a Palestinian state would not happen and denounced recognition as a huge reward to terrorism. Palestinian leaders welcomed recognition. We will hear from Palestinians and an Israeli official. Also in the programme: We will hear from the Hollywood star Leonardo Di Caprio about his new film; Martin Luther King the Third on political violence in America and trying to bridge the divide; and talking statues of the gardens of Versailles. (Photo credit: PA)

The second-last episode on the Treaty of Versailles 1919 is about Keynes's critique of the treaty, the Economic Consequences of the Peace. What he got right, what he got wrong, critics of him at the time, and the impact of his book on the way the Interwar period unfolded.

The killing of Charlie Kirk in Utah this September didn't just extinguish the life of a polarizing activist. It set off a cascade — an implosion in the civic square whose blast radius is still expanding. To make sense of it, we should borrow metaphors not from politics but from physics and history: Sarajevo, Versailles, Oppenheimer.A nuclear bomb is not powered by TNT. It's powered by the precision of small charges — explosive lenses — that compress a fragile core until it becomes supercritical. A spark, carefully timed, unleashes apocalypse. Politics often works the same way. In 1914, a 19-year-old assassin fired a pistol in Sarajevo, compressing a fragile Europe into the First World War. Versailles, intended as peace, functioned as a pause that guaranteed an even larger conflict. Small detonations in brittle systems yield catastrophe.Charlie Kirk's assassination was one such detonation. The details are familiar: a public event turned deadly, footage ricocheting across feeds, and the immediate conversion of murder into symbol. President Trump ordered flags at half-staff, awarded a posthumous Medal of Freedom, and vowed vengeance. JD Vance promised to dismantle left-leaning institutions. Cardinals compared Kirk to St. Paul; entertainers dedicated songs; world leaders offered tributes or warnings. At the same time, critics mocked, skeptics questioned, and conspiracy theories metastasized.What mattered was not the biography of Kirk but the implosion his death triggered. Employers fired staffers for tasteless jokes. Activists launched doxxing campaigns. Governments warned immigrants not to mock. Online mobs demanded ever harsher retribution. In days, one act of violence became a referendum on loyalty, identity, legitimacy.This is the ladder of escalation I've written about before: speech treated as violence, violence treated as mandate, mandate hardened into purge. Every rung climbed makes descent harder. Kirk, adored by some and despised by others, became less a man than a trigger. Like Princip in Sarajevo, he ignited forces far larger than himself.The analogy to nuclear weapons is not hyperbole. A conventional blasting cap — a tweet, a joke, a jeer — may seem trivial. But when the system is brittle, those charges compress the civic core until it reaches criticality. The implosion is not the joke itself; it is the convergence of fury, fear, and fragile legitimacy. The fission that follows is outrage weaponized into governance: firings, bans, purges, crackdowns.Theology sharpens the picture. The Gospels say: “Go, and sin no more.” Mercy paired with responsibility. What we see instead is vengeance paired with purification. Kirk is canonized as martyr; his critics are cast as heretics. But civilization depends on protecting the square — the messy forum where ugly words are countered with argument rather than annihilation.The lesson from Sarajevo and from Los Alamos is identical: once the charges fire, you cannot un-detonate them. A bullet, a tweet, a public assassination: each can become the blasting cap that compresses a democracy into criticality. If we keep mistaking outrage for justice, we will not be mourning just one man in Utah. We will be mourning the republic itself.

Charlie Kirk's murder on a Utah stage in September 2025 was not just another grim entry in the catalog of American political violence. It was a detonation — the moment when a single blasting cap set off a chain reaction that no one could fully control. To understand it, we need less the vocabulary of day-to-day politics and more the physics of escalation.In a nuclear weapon, you don't need much fissile material to create an unimaginable blast. What you need are precisely shaped conventional charges — “explosive lenses” — timed to compress the core into criticality. Small charges, aimed correctly, unlock apocalyptic force. Political violence, as history shows, operates on the same principle. One bullet in Sarajevo, fired by a young nationalist named Gavrilo Princip, compressed the fragile alliances of Europe into total war. The Treaty of Versailles, meant to end that war, functioned instead as a pause that guaranteed another. Small detonations, brittle systems, spirals without ceilings.Charlie Kirk's assassination functioned as just such a lens. The man himself was controversial, adored on the right, despised on the left, mocked by late-night comedians, venerated by his followers as a cultural warrior and, in some quarters, even as a modern Saint Paul. But the meaning of his death lies less in the biographical details than in the cascade it triggered: presidential proclamations, half-staff flags, memorials filling stadiums, new laws drafted in grief and vengeance. Within hours, the online square divided into camps: those mourning, those jeering, those hunted for failing to mourn properly. Employers fired staffers who made jokes; activists doxxed students who cheered; even foreign governments issued statements of condolence or disdain. The assassination became implosion.The reaction illustrates what I called, in an earlier essay, the ladder of escalation. Words treated as violence. Violence treated as legitimacy. Cancel culture feeding into martyrdom. Martyrdom feeding into repression. Each rung climbs higher until there is no way down. History is littered with moments where a single flashpoint cascaded into an epochal rupture: Sarajevo in 1914, Kristallnacht in 1938, Dallas in 1963. What begins as an act of brutality quickly becomes a referendum on legitimacy itself.Why is Kirk's case so combustible? Because he was not a marginal figure. He was beloved by a sitting president, courted by world leaders, followed by millions. He represented, to his supporters, the silent majority finally speaking. To his enemies, he embodied the weaponization of grievance. That polarity meant his assassination could not be absorbed as a tragic crime; it had to be read as symbol, as trigger, as proof.And once symbols replace arguments, escalation is automatic. Trump promised a crackdown on enemies. JD Vance vowed institutional purges. Cardinals and pop stars consecrated Kirk as martyr. Meanwhile, conspiracy theories bloomed: Was the shooter Antifa? A Groyper? A false-flag pawn of Ukraine, Israel, Russia? Like radiation after a blast, the speculation itself became toxic fuel.The lesson is the same one Sarajevo teaches: small charges, aimed at brittle systems, create explosions whose shockwaves last generations. If every offensive post is treated as treason, if every death is weaponized into mandate, then the republic ceases to be a forum and becomes instead a minefield.The answer, paradoxically, is mercy. Protect the square. Let ugly words be answered with argument, not annihilation. Let crimes be punished through law, not mobs. Otherwise, Kirk's death will not be remembered as a tragedy but as a trigger — the moment America's fissile material reached critical mass.

Why protecting even offensive words is the only way to prevent violenceBy Chris Abraham for SubstackEvery generation rediscovers an old lesson the hard way: words are not bullets, but if you confuse them long enough, bullets eventually appear.Lately I've been struck by how quickly our civic conversations move from irritation to punishment. A clumsy remark or ugly slogan goes viral; the mob mobilizes; firings and cancellations follow. It's tempting to say “well, that's accountability,” but the speed and severity of these reactions tell a different story. What we are really doing is rehearsing a very old drama: escalation without a ceiling.Think about Sarajevo, 1914. A teenager named Gavrilo Princip fires a pistol at Archduke Franz Ferdinand. One act of political violence sets off treaties, obligations, and mobilizations. Within weeks, a continent is on fire. The war that followed didn't solve the problem — the punitive Treaty of Versailles created conditions for something even worse. What began as one shot became decades of blood.In our own time, the weapons are reputations, jobs, and platforms. The principle is the same. A careless post spirals into professional ruin. A mob decision substitutes for law. The difference between a town that argues and a town that shoots isn't etiquette — it's survival. Civilized societies invest in procedures: courts, ballots, deliberation. Mobs invest in immediacy. And immediacy always tempts violence.I am not blind to the harm of speech. Racist, vile, or threatening words sting. But the constitutional line exists for a reason. U.S. law is clear: speech only loses protection if it incites imminent lawless action. Everything else, however ugly, is permitted. That boundary protects not just bigots but everyone who dissents from the reigning consensus. Without it, majorities punish minorities on impulse.Cancel culture, whatever name you prefer, is efficient at punishment but poor at persuasion. It does not change minds; it exiles people. It does not reduce resentment; it deepens it. Every mob firing creates martyrs. Every public shaming fertilizes resentment. And resentment, history shows, is a renewable fuel for conflict.Even in theology, escalation is a central theme. The Gospel's “go, and sin no more” joins mercy with responsibility. Mercy without limits collapses into indulgence. Punishment without procedure collapses into vengeance. Both errors invite cycles that consume communities.Revolutions prove this. Marx promised liberation through rupture. Mao promised purification through violence. Che romanticized guerrilla struggle. What followed was not paradise but repression breeding new radicals, one cycle after another. The dueling codes of earlier centuries made the same point: treat words as violence, and violence answers back.We flatter ourselves that the modern age is different because our weapons are digital. But doxxing, mass reporting, and professional exile are simply new swords. The old instinct is unchanged.There is also a dangerous illusion that pauses equal peace. Versailles looked like peace; it was only a ceasefire. Contemporary ceasefires often work the same way: an interval to rearm. Punishment without reconciliation buys time, not resolution.So what should we do? Protect the square. Keep the civic forum open even to speech you despise. Reserve punishments for true threats, not for dissent. Train institutions to resist the adrenaline of the mob. Encourage citizens to answer ugliness with argument, not annihilation.This isn't naivety. It's strategy. If you want fewer bullets, you must tolerate more words. Ugly words, even dangerous-sounding words, are less corrosive than the torches we light to silence them.History has already taught us what happens when we confuse offense with violence and treat every slight as existential. Once the crowd is chanting and the torches are lit, the path back down the ladder is hard to find.

How history, law, and theology warn us against turning words into weaponsBy Chris Abraham for SubstackSome mornings I surprise myself. I wake with the smell of coffee in the apartment, the building still quiet, and realize I've become a proselytizer for an old story. Not long ago, I argued about anchor text or attribution models. Now, I listen to daily Gospel readings on Hallow, sit with Jeff Cavins' reflections, and quote John and Luke in comment threads. Nobody in my circle would have bet on this turn. Yet here I am, defending something I once mocked: the right of even ugly speech to exist without being carted off by the mob.The spark for this essay was a viral clip: a student casually saying, “we should bring back political assassinations.” The internet responded as it always does—doxxing, firings, denunciations, and calls for permanent punishment. A remark became a hunt; the hunt became a storm. What we're rediscovering is that escalation has no natural ceiling.History offers the bluntest illustration. A single pistol in Sarajevo set in motion alliances and mobilizations in 1914. Gavrilo Princip's assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand didn't just trigger World War I—it created conditions that made World War II almost inevitable. Versailles punished, humiliated, and planted the seeds for something worse. The pattern is clear: brittle systems plus retributive logic equals long violence.We are running a similar ladder in civic life. A tweet becomes a pile-on; a pile-on becomes a firing; firings become professional exile. The law distinguishes incitement from expression, but private power—employers, platforms, angry publics—enforces with brutal efficiency. Make someone unemployable and many will cheer.I defend the toleration of ugly speech not because I like ugliness, but because civilization is the art of channeling impulses into procedures. The difference between courts and mobs, between ballots and torches, is not taste. It is survival. A messy forum beats clean annihilation.That's why I find myself defending a man—call him a public conservative—whose rhetoric makes even me squirm. Friends call him a paid agitator. But he did something useful: he forced people to decide what they believed about sin and responsibility. The gospels say: “Go, and sin no more.” In today's civic grammar, calling sin “sin” lands like an unforgivable insult.Listening to the liturgy daily doesn't make me devout; it makes me exacting. Mercy without responsibility collapses into indulgence. And politics without procedure collapses into violence. Whether it's migrants, surges, or social panics, escalation follows predictable dynamics: fear, backlash, and harder law.Revolutions show the same pattern. Marx, Mao, and Che all preached rupture. History showed feedback loops: repression breeds resentment, resentment breeds new radicalism. Quick purges promise a better world but usually deliver cycles of blood. The duel and the frontier brawl remind us: humans answer offense with violence. Today's equivalents are doxxing, canceling, and algorithmic ruin. Different weapons, same code.The temptation is to believe pauses create peace. Versailles was a pause. Interwar years were a pause. Ceasefires often function as rearming intervals. Punishment without reconciliation is not resolution—it is staging ground for the next round.That's why my call is simple: protect the square. Let ugly arguments happen in public, and resolve them through law, not purges. Reserve punishment for credible threats, not unpopular speech. Teach platforms and employers to resist mob fury. Absorb offense without turning it into capital. History warns us: moral cleansing campaigns can harden into decades of conflict.Maybe that's why I can listen to the Gospel in the morning and still defend free speech at night. Ugly words are less dangerous than the torches we light to silence them. Once the torches are lit, the stairs back down are hard to find.

Jonas Schneiter est entouré pour cette émission de Laurent Guidetti, Christian Lüscher, Viviane Morey et de l'humoriste Robin Chessex. En deuxième partie d'émission, les beaux parleurs accueillent Yvan Aymon.

Nous sommes le 10 mai 1953, à Saint-Etienne, à 60 km, au sud-ouest de Lyon. Dans une allocution qu'il prononce à la bourse du travail, le futur prix Nobel de littérature, auteur de « La Peste » ou de « L'Etranger, Albert Camus déclare : « Si quelqu'un vous retire votre pain, il supprime en même temps votre liberté. Mais si quelqu'un vous ravit votre liberté, soyez tranquille, votre pain est menacé, car il ne dépend plus de vous et de votre lutte, mais du bon plaisir d'un maître. La misère croît à mesure que la liberté recule dans le monde et inversement. » Gage de stabilité politique au cours des siècles, la pain, lorsqu'il vient à manquer, devient le combustible des révolutions. Un peu moins de deux siècles plus tôt, en 1770, dans ses « Dialogues sur le commerce des blés », l'abbé Galiani, économiste italien, écrit : « Le blé peut être regardé comme une production du sol, et sous cette vue, il appartient au commerce et à la législation économique. Ensuite, il peut et doit être, en même temps, regardé comme la matière de première nécessité et le premier soin de l'ordre civil des sociétés, et sous ce point de vue, il appartient à la politique et à la raison d'Etat ». Invités : Coline Arnaud et Denis Saillard, chercheuse et chercheur au Centre d'histoire culturelle des sociétés contemporaines, à l'université de Versailles. « Pain et liberté – Une histoire politique du pain, du Moyen Âge au XXIe siècle » paru aux éd. Textuel. Sujets traités : pain, politique, liberté, Albert Camus, misère, blé Merci pour votre écoute Un Jour dans l'Histoire, c'est également en direct tous les jours de la semaine de 13h15 à 14h30 sur www.rtbf.be/lapremiere Retrouvez tous les épisodes d'Un Jour dans l'Histoire sur notre plateforme Auvio.be :https://auvio.rtbf.be/emission/5936 Intéressés par l'histoire ? Vous pourriez également aimer nos autres podcasts : L'Histoire Continue: https://audmns.com/kSbpELwL'heure H : https://audmns.com/YagLLiKEt sa version à écouter en famille : La Mini Heure H https://audmns.com/YagLLiKAinsi que nos séries historiques :Chili, le Pays de mes Histoires : https://audmns.com/XHbnevhD-Day : https://audmns.com/JWRdPYIJoséphine Baker : https://audmns.com/wCfhoEwLa folle histoire de l'aviation : https://audmns.com/xAWjyWCLes Jeux Olympiques, l'étonnant miroir de notre Histoire : https://audmns.com/ZEIihzZMarguerite, la Voix d'une Résistante : https://audmns.com/zFDehnENapoléon, le crépuscule de l'Aigle : https://audmns.com/DcdnIUnUn Jour dans le Sport : https://audmns.com/xXlkHMHSous le sable des Pyramides : https://audmns.com/rXfVppvN'oubliez pas de vous y abonner pour ne rien manquer.Et si vous avez apprécié ce podcast, n'hésitez pas à nous donner des étoiles ou des commentaires, cela nous aide à le faire connaître plus largement. Hébergé par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Alessandra Ruspoli, Patrizia Debicke"L'enigma del fante di cuori"Ali Ribelli Edizioniwww.aliribelli.comQuattro traditori si nascondono a Londra sotto l'appellativo di Fanti. Appoggiano il pretendente cattolico contro Giorgio I, legittimo sovrano inglese. Lord Donagall, consigliere del re, dovrà sventare la minacciosa congiura, mentre il Fante di Cuori tesse nell'ombra la sua diabolica trama, seminando una sanguinosa scia di morte dietro di sé. Scritto a quattro mani, un thriller travolgente, con 360 pagine che si leggono d'un fiato. Un continuo e rapido susseguirsi di cambi d'orizzonte per un carosello che dall'Inghilterra passa alla Francia, fino a raggiungere la reggia di Versailles, avvicendandosi tra duelli, fughe rocambolesche, inquietanti complotti, pericolosi agguati, cavalcate selvagge e cadaveri eccellenti di vittime di efferati delitti. Offre anche il piacere di balli sontuosi, imponenti cerimonie di corte e cacce pittoresche, con l'appassionante ritmo di un romanzo d'avventura, le atmosfere di un feuilleton, gli intrighi di una spystory e un ventaglio di omicidi degni del miglior giallo storico.«Madre e figlia mi conducono in un'epoca piena di mistero e fascino, come se il passato fosse una città sconosciuta di cui loro conoscono vicoli e segreti: si muovono con grazia e maestria, catapultando me lettrice in una dimensione descritta magnificamente e da cui è impossibile staccarsi.» Marilù OlivaAlessandra Ruspoli ha scritto per Capital, Modaviva, Uomo Harper's Bazaar, Aqua. Ha pubblicato Dieci Piccoli Sette Nani, insieme a Lucio Nocentini, e racconti per diverse antologie. Ha curato organizzazione e Ufficio Stampa delle mostre L'Arcadia di Arnold Boecklin e Rodolphe Toepffer: Invito al viaggio e Invenzione del fumetto. Arredamento e Interior Design in campo alberghiero. Sommelier.Patrizia Debicke van der Noot: romanzi, gialli, thriller, gialli storici e d'avventura, racconti. Critica letteraria e collaborazioni editoriali con: Milanonera, The Blog Around The Corner, Contorni di Noir, Writers Magazine Italia e Libro Guerriero. Romanzi gialli e storici: L'oro dei Medici, La gemma del cardinale, L'uomo dagli occhi glauchi, La Sentinella del Papa, La congiura di San Domenico, L'eredità medicea, Il segreto del Calice Fiammingo, Figlia di Re: un matrimonio per l'Italia. Conferenze storiche per il FAI, per gli Istituti Italiani di Cultura di Francia e Lussemburgo, per l'Università del Lussemburgo, per circoli letterari. Workshop di scrittura per scuole medie e superiori. Coordinatore e conduttore per il 10° e 12° Festival del Giallo di Pistoia.Diventa un supporter di questo podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/il-posto-delle-parole--1487855/support.IL POSTO DELLE PAROLEascoltare fa pensarehttps://ilpostodelleparole.it/

Tout au long de cette saison, découvrez des couples puissants au coeur d'un univers politique... Qui met parfois en péril les histoires d'amour. Ils sont les derniers à avoir régné à Versailles. Comme pour chacun, le hasard, le destin a joué pour beaucoup. Dans leur accession prématurée au trône, puis dans leurs vies, jusqu'à leur déchéance et leur mort. Un podcast Bababam Originals Ecriture et voix : Alice Deroide Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Stéphane Bern raconte le destin d'André Le Nôtre, le jardinier des rois qui a sublimé le parc du château de Versailles de Louis XIV, mais de nombreux autres lieux d'exception : du château de Chantilly au jardin des Tuileries…Quelle image a laissé André Le Nôtre dans notre mémoire collective ? Quelle est la spécificité de son art ? Aujourd'hui, comment sont entretenus les jardins créés par André Le Nôtre ?Pour en parler, Stéphane Bern reçoit Patricia Bouchenot-Déchin, biographe, auteure de "André Le Nôtre" (Fayard, collection Pluriel). (rediffusion)Au coeur de l'Histoire est un podcast Europe 1.- Présentation : Stéphane Bern- Auteur du récit : Tony Liégois- Réalisation : Guillaume Vasseau- Rédaction en chef : Benjamin Delsol - Journaliste : Clara Leger- Diffusion : Estelle Lafont et Clara LegerHébergé par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Commander John Sharpe joins John-Henry Westen for a frank look at how Catholic just war teaching collides with modern U.S. foreign policy. A decorated Navy officer, Sharpe recounts his own “cancellation before it was cool” after opposing the Iraq War, drawing on Aquinas, Vatican II, and Leo XIII to argue that America's wars often fail the tests of just cause, last resort, and proportionality.He exposes how leaders exploit fear, like the infamous “mushroom cloud” threat, to bypass moral analysis, leaving soldiers, families, and nations scarred. The conversation ranges from the false logic of punishing nations for possible future crimes, to the bipartisan collapse of moral coherence that saw Pat Buchanan and Noam Chomsky aligned against Iraq. With ties to Versailles, the Balfour Declaration, and today's Middle East turmoil, Sharpe urges Catholics to reject propaganda before another war is waged under false pretenses.U.S. residents! Create a will with LifeSiteNews: https://www.mylegacywill.com/lifesitenews ****PROTECT Your Wealth with gold, silver, and precious metals: https://sjp.stjosephpartners.com/lifesitenews +++SHOP ALL YOUR FUN AND FAVORITE LIFESITE MERCH! https://shop.lifesitenews.com/ ****Download the all-new LSNTV App now, available on iPhone and Android!LSNTV Apple Store: https://apps.apple.com/us/app/lsntv/id6469105564 LSNTV Google Play: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.lifesitenews.app +++Connect with John-Henry Westen and all of LifeSiteNews on social media:LifeSite: https://linktr.ee/lifesitenewsJohn-Henry Westen: https://linktr.ee/jhwesten Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In an extended version of the programme that was broadcast, Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the influential book John Maynard Keynes wrote in 1919 after he resigned in protest from his role at the Paris Peace Conference. There the victors of World War One were deciding the fate of the defeated, especially Germany and Austria-Hungary, and Keynes wanted the world to know his view that the economic consequences would be disastrous for all. Soon Germany used his book to support their claim that the Treaty was grossly unfair, a sentiment that fed into British appeasement in the 1930s and has since prompted debate over whether Keynes had only warned of disaster or somehow contributed to it. With Margaret MacMillan Emeritus Professor of International History at the University of Oxford Michael Cox Emeritus Professor of International Relations at the London School of Economics and Founding Director of LSE IDEAS And Patricia Clavin Professor of Modern History at the University of Oxford Producer: Simon Tillotson Reading list: Manfred F. Boemeke, Gerald D. Feldman and Elisabeth Glaser (eds.), The Treaty of Versailles: A Reassessment after 75 Years (Cambridge University Press, 1998) Zachary D. Carter, The Price of Peace: Money, Democracy and the Life of John Maynard Keynes (Random House, 2020) Peter Clarke, Keynes: The Twentieth Century's Most Influential Economist (Bloomsbury, 2009) Patricia Clavin et al (eds.), Keynes's Economic Consequences of the Peace after 100 Years: Polemics and Policy (Cambridge University Press, 2023) Patricia Clavin, ‘Britain and the Making of Global Order after 1919: The Ben Pimlott Memorial Lecture' (Twentieth Century British History, Vol. 31:3, 2020) Richard Davenport-Hines, Universal Man; The Seven Lives of John Maynard Keynes (William Collins, 2015) R. F. Harrod, John Maynard Keynes (first published 1951; Pelican, 1972) Jens Holscher and Matthias Klaes (eds), Keynes's Economic Consequences of the Peace: A Reappraisal (Pickering & Chatto, 2014) John Maynard Keynes (with an introduction by Michael Cox), The Economic Consequences of the Peace (Palgrave Macmillan, 2019) Margaret MacMillan, Peacemakers: Six Months that Changed the World (John Murray Publishers, 2001) Etienne Mantoux, The Carthaginian Peace or the Economic Consequences of Mr. Keynes (Oxford University Press, 1946) D. E. Moggridge, Maynard Keynes: An Economist's Biography (Routledge, 1992) Alan Sharp, Versailles 1919: A Centennial Perspective (Haus Publishing Ltd, 2018) Robert Skidelsky, John Maynard Keynes, 1883-1946 (Pan Macmillan, 2004) Jürgen Tampke, A Perfidious Distortion of History: The Versailles Peace Treaty and the Success of the Nazis (Scribe UK, 2017) Adam Tooze, The Deluge: The Great War, America and the Remaking of the Global Order, 1916-1931 (Penguin Books, 2015) Spanning history, religion, culture, science and philosophy, In Our Time from BBC Radio 4 is essential listening for the intellectually curious. In each episode, host Melvyn Bragg and expert guests explore the characters, events and discoveries that have shaped our world.

durée : 00:11:04 - Le Fil de l'histoire - par : Stéphanie DUNCAN - L'ouverture des Etats-Généraux s'est donc déroulée à Versailles le 5 mai 1789. Nous allons voir comment cette réunion commencée dans le plus pur style ancien régime va basculer dans un processus révolutionnaire. Vous aimez ce podcast ? Pour écouter tous les autres épisodes sans limite, rendez-vous sur Radio France.

In 1901, two English schoolteachers, Charlotte Anne Moberly and Eleanor Jourdain, visited the gardens of Versailles. What began as a casual afternoon stroll turned into one of the most famous claims of time travel in history. The women later described finding themselves surrounded by people in 18th-century dress, witnessing scenes that felt more like a living painting than the modern world around them. Were they caught in a time slip, or were their visions the product of imagination, suggestion, or something stranger? In this episode, we explore the mystery of the Moberly–Jourdain time slip.

Randy visits the legendary Bruce Meyer's storied car collection in Los Angeles. They cover his early discovery of fellow enthusiasts at BaT; car collecting in the DNA; being born on the perfect day in history; his start as a corner paper boy; flipping and racing motorcycles while in college at Berkeley; buying his first Porsche via European Delivery in 1961; his "first, fastest, or prettiest" collection mentality; a predilection for race cars built by hot rodders; his lifetime of Cobra ownership, leading to acquisition of the very first production example; memories from 1960s Lake Tahoe, including the 327-powered Gullwing he picked up from the back of a wooden boat shop; watching out for "air cars"; his deep involvement as founding chairman of the Petersen Automotive Museum; and his love of the LA lowrider community.Follow along! Links for the listings discussed in this episode:15:46 ⁠The Mustache and the Signal Yellow 911S⁠17:37 ⁠Ex-Duffy Livingstone ca.1971 FKE Mole Enduro Go-Kart⁠19:51 ⁠New RUF CTR and Freshly Restored CTR Yellowbird #001 Make U.S. Debut at Monterey Car Week⁠ Kahn Media20:01 ⁠A Saga Of Audacity: The Aar Eagle Formula 1 Story⁠ Dan Gurney's All American Racers20:05 ⁠First Production Cobra⁠ Petersen Automotive Museum on Instagram27:47 ⁠Salon Retromobile - Paris Expo Porte de Versailles⁠40:30 ⁠Petersen Automotive Museum⁠51:39 H⁠ublot clock coming soon to BaT⁠Got questions for the BaT staff or suggestions for our next One Year? Don't hesitate to let us know! Write to podcast@bringatrailer.com and we'll do our best to address them.

durée : 00:10:58 - En 1789, les Etats Généraux ont-ils déclenché la Révolution française ? 3/5 : 5 mai 1789, l'ouverture des Etats Généraux. - par : Stéphanie Duncan - Dans l'épisode précédent, nous avons vu comment les Français, dans les cahiers de doléances, expriment leurs difficultés, mais aussi leurs aspirations à une société nouvelle, plus libre et plus égalitaire. Arrive enfin l'ouverture des Etats Généraux. Il y a foule à Versailles le 5 mai 1789 pour assister sous un soleil radieux à l'ouverture des Etats Généraux. La mise en scène de cette cérémonie très codifiée est grandiose.Un faste qui peut surprendre alors que le peuple a faim, les révoltes grondent et que les caisses de l'Etat sont vides. Les hérauts du roi, accompagnés de trompettes et timbales, qui annoncent l'événement dans toute la ville… L'arrivée de Louis XVI dans un carrosse tiré par huit magnifiques chevaux, suivie de celle de la reine Marie-Antoinette, des princes et des princesses de sang.. Le roi en habit et manteau de drap d'or, porte sur son chapeau Le Régent, le plus gros diamant de l'époque. La reine est vêtue d'une robe d'or et d'argent. La procession des 1177 députés qui, à pied, deux par deux, un cierge doré à la main, se dirigent vers la salle des Menus plaisirs du roi qui a été spécialement aménagée pour accueillir pendant plusieurs semaines les Etats Généraux. A lire : Pierre Serna, Que demande le peuple ? Les cahiers de doléances de 1789, Textuel, 2019 Jean-Clément Martin, La Révolution française, Eyrolles, 2025 Timothy Takett, Par la volonté du peuple. Comment les députés de 1789 sont devenus révolutionnaires, Albin Michel, 1997 - invités : Pierre SERNA - Pierre Serna : Professeur d'histoire de la Révolution française à l'Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - réalisé par : Claire DESTACAMP Vous aimez ce podcast ? Pour écouter tous les autres épisodes sans limite, rendez-vous sur Radio France.

“A great war can hardly be avoided any longer.” This is the story of Nazi Germany's aggressive territorial expansion and the start of WWII.   The Treaty of Versailles has long been a thorn in Adolf Hitler's side. Its troublesome limits on troops and technology pose challenges for a man bent on taking lebensraum and building a Grossdeuschland by any means necessary. So he starts quietly building planes and submarines. Then he starts publicly adding a few hundred thousand more soldiers. By 1936, he's ready to move. He remilitarizes the Rhineland. When that goes well, he only grows bolder. He takes Austria. He takes Czechoslovakia's Sudetenland.  Many European leaders—particularly those not named Winston Churchill—fail to grasp just how far the Fuhrer will go. They hope to “appease” him. But when Adolf strikes again, brazenly seizing the rest of Czechoslovakia, even British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain is ready to draw a line. That line is Poland.Connect with us on HTDSpodcast.com and go deep into episode bibliographies and book recommendations join discussions in our Facebook community get news and discounts from The HTDS Gazette  come see a live show get HTDS merch or become an HTDS premium member for bonus episodes and other perks. To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Details of how Ataturk foiled the imperialists' final plans to partition Anatolia. Once he secured Turkey, he modernized it and it became a model that other Central Asian countries tried to emulate (with varying degrees of success). Here's why this secular leader is still revered in Turkey a century later.

The palace of Versailles during the 18th century was one of the most extravagant locales in the world. This week we break down some of the basics of fashion and etiquette at the French court. Want more Dressed: The History of Fashion?  Our website and classes Our Instagram Our bookshelf with over 150 of our favorite fashion history titles Dressed is a part of the AirWave Media network Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In Paris, Claire and Jamie navigate their own issues regarding Black Jack Randall while making new friends and influencing others. An invitation to meet the king at Versailles takes a shocking turn when Claire runs into the Duke of Sandringham.Follow all of the Stranded Panda network shows at strandedpanda.comFind Ashley on Bill and Ashley's Terror Theaterhttps://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bill-ashleys-terror-theater/id1630376625Find Hayley at The Source Pages Podcast.https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/source-pages-a-reading-collective-andor/id1573495735

Welcome back to Impact Theory with Tom Bilyeu! In today's special Q&A deep dive, Tom and co-host Drew respond directly to your hottest takes and burning questions inspired by their recent viral video, “The Things That Happened Right Before Collapse.” Together, they tackle wide-ranging topics—exploring America's mounting debt crisis, inflation, the struggle of average people to get ahead, and the growing wealth gap that's fueling frustration across the country. Tom delivers his famously unfiltered perspective on why the U.S. economy is in far deeper trouble than many people realize, challenging conventional wisdom about reserve currencies, military might, and the government's ability to ‘soft default' through inflation. He breaks down how these forces squeeze the middle class and details the predictable historical cycles—referencing everything from the fall of past empires to today's socioeconomic malaise. The conversation also dives into passionate debates from the comment section, from capitalism versus socialism to debt forgiveness, and practical advice for protecting yourself in uncertain times. Tom and Drew address critics head-on, unpack common misconceptions about asset ownership, and even discuss the emotional side of wealth and purpose. SHOWNOTES 00:00 Debt Growth and Wealth Disparity 08:45 "Discovering Inflation's True Origins" 14:45 "End of the American Dream" 20:18 Middle Class vs. Socialism Debate 34:38 Treaty of Versailles' Consequences 49:58 Lynn Alden's All-Weather Strategy 58:03 Quest University: Teaching Success Rules 01:00:51 "Leveraging Audience for Success" CHECK OUT OUR SPONSORS Allio Capital: Macro investing for people who want to understand the big picture. Download their app in the App Store or at Google Play, or text my name “TOM” to 511511. ButcherBox: Ready to level up your meals? Go to ⁠⁠https://butcherbox.com/impact⁠⁠ to get $20 off your first box and FREE bacon for life with the Bilyeu Box! Linkedin: Post your job free at ⁠⁠https://linkedin.com/impacttheory⁠⁠ Shopify: Sign up for your one-dollar-per-month trial period at ⁠⁠https://shopify.com/impact⁠⁠ Hims: Start your free online visit today at ⁠⁠https://hims.com/IMPACT⁠⁠. SleepMe: Visit ⁠⁠https://sleep.me/impact⁠⁠ to get your Chilipad and save 20% with code IMPACT. Try it risk-free with their 30-night sleep trial and free shipping. Vital Proteins: Get 20% off by going to ⁠⁠https://www.vitalproteins.com⁠⁠ and entering promo code IMPACT at check out What's up, everybody? It's Tom Bilyeu here: If you want my help... STARTING a business:⁠⁠ join me here at ZERO TO FOUNDER⁠⁠:  ⁠⁠https://tombilyeu.com/zero-to-founder?utm_campaign=Podcast%20Offer&utm_source=podca[%E2%80%A6]d%20end%20of%20show&utm_content=podcast%20ad%20end%20of%20show⁠⁠ SCALING a business:⁠⁠ see if you qualify here.⁠⁠:  ⁠⁠https://tombilyeu.com/call⁠⁠ Get my battle-tested strategies and insights delivered weekly to your inbox:⁠⁠ sign up here.⁠⁠: ⁠⁠https://tombilyeu.com/⁠⁠ ********************************************************************** If you're serious about leveling up your life, I urge you to check out my new podcast,⁠⁠ Tom Bilyeu's Mindset Playbook⁠⁠ —a goldmine of my most impactful episodes on mindset, business, and health. Trust me, your future self will thank you. ********************************************************************** FOLLOW TOM: Instagram:⁠⁠ https://www.instagram.com/tombilyeu/⁠⁠ Tik Tok:⁠⁠ https://www.tiktok.com/@tombilyeu?lang=en⁠⁠ Twitter:⁠⁠ https://twitter.com/tombilyeu⁠⁠ YouTube:⁠⁠ https://www.youtube.com/@TomBilyeu⁠ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Sarah Hyland to join ‘Just in Time’ next month, Sherie Rene Scott’s first ‘Queen of Versailles’ performances, Grace finds out her finace is on a new album Since 2016, “Today on Broadway” has been the first and only daily podcast recapping the top theatre headlines every Monday through Friday. Any read more

Constable Thomas Lockley was working the early shift at Streetly station when he received a message from Little Aston cafe. He set off in his patrol car, and as the constable approached the cafe, he noticed a teenage boy on a bike peddling away with urgency. PC Lockley slowed his vehicle and rolled down the window. The boy quickly acknowledged him and, before even taking a breath, words tumbled out of his mouth: “It's at Brinton Kennels. Somebody had been in and they've knocked her about. She is in a mess… I found her in the bathroom. She was stark naked”...*** LISTENER CAUTION IS ADVISED *** This episode was researched and written by Eileen Macfarlane.Edited by Joel Porter at Dot Dot Dot Productions.Script editing, additional writing, illustrations and production direction by Rosanna FittonNarration, additional audio editing and mixing, and script editing by Benjamin Fitton.To get early ad-free access, including Season 1, sign up for They Walk Among PLUS, available from Patreon or Apple Podcasts.More information and episode references can be found on our website https://theywalkamonguspodcast.comMUSIC: Dreaming of Versailles by Moments The Last Straw by CJ Oliver The Only One In The Room by CJ Oliver Cain by Cody Martin Downside Up by Cody Martin Every Life Matters by Cody Martin Half Empty by Cody Martin Outer Rim by Cody Martin Pull The Plug by Cody Martin Royal Catacombs by Cody Martin Snowdrift by Cody Martin Fleet Street by Stephen Keech Holy Wait by Chelsea McGough Undernight by Lincoln Davis Darkness Approaches by Louis Lion As I Dream by Moments Life Giving by Moments Race Against Time by Moments Unexpected Turn by Moments Night Watch by Third Age Quiet Strength by Moments Leatherface by Wicked Cinema SOCIAL MEDIA: https://linktr.ee/TheyWalkAmongUsSupport this show http://supporter.acast.com/theywalkamongus. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Comment bien gagner une guerre et s'assurer que ce sera la dernière?? Le 2 septembre 1945, Hitler et ses alliés sont vaincus, la guerre est terminée. Mais si la partie militaire du conflit prend fin, comment extraire le poison du nazisme et du fascisme dans ces Etats qui ont mené une guerre totale avec 50 à 80 millions de morts?? Les forces d'occupation alliées victorieuses entreprennent de dénazifier la société allemande et d'établir une société démocratique au Japon. Mettre les vaincus à genoux comme l'avait fait le traité de Versailles en 1919 n'a pas fonctionné - la punition avait même nourri le ressentiment - on tente une autre stratégie. Si «?dénazifier?» est un mot que l'on pensait relégué dans les caves de l'histoire, c'était sans compter sur les capacités de recyclage de l'histoire de nos contemporains. Ce mot est réapparu dans la bouche de Vladimir Poutine, qui lançait sa guerre en Ukraine le 24 février 2022. Avec Emmanuel Droit, directeur de Sciences Po Strasbourg, spécialiste de l'histoire de l'Allemagne, qui a récemment publié : La Dénazification, posthistoire du IIIe Reich (Presses universitaires de France, 2024).

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Marie Antoinette Month continues with a discussion of Marie Antoinette's bestie, Gabrielle de Polastron, Duchess of Polignac. The Elizabeth Taylor of her era (looks-wise, not multiple husbands-wise), Gabby brought joie de vivre and fun to Marie Antoinette's Queen Era. But did Gabby survive the Reign of Terror?? Returning guest Amanda Matta (The Art of History podcast) joins us to explain the Versailles of it all. Join the Vulgar History Patreon to watch this episode as a video! — ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Preorder info for Ann's upcoming book, Rebel of the Regency!⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ — Get 15% off all the gorgeous jewellery and accessories at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠common.era.com/vulgar⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ or go to ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠commonera.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ and use code VULGAR at checkout — Get Vulgar History merch at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠vulgarhistory.com/store⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ (best for US shipping) and ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠vulgarhistory.redbubble.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ (better for international shipping) — ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Support Vulgar History on Patreon ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ — Vulgar History is an affiliate of Bookshop.org, which means that a small percentage of any books you click through and purchase will come back to Vulgar History as a commission. ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Use this link to shop there and support Vulgar History.⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices