Podcasts about versailles

Episode Description:  In the final episode of season 2, The Duchess of Rutland meets Lady Karen Spencer of the historic Althorp House. In the episode, we are introduced to the many extraordinary women in the Spencer family, Lady Karen regales some of the ghostly activity they have experienced in the home, and the ladies muse over their shared love of cows!  Top Quotes: "It takes a long time to understand these houses. I think the danger in a place like this is to come in and change things without taking the time to really understand the history that came before it and the more I learn the more reverence I have." - Lady Spencer "Some of these places are very old fashioned and some of the people working in them are very old fashioned. So it took a bit of rejigging to make sure we had the right team that were prepared for a modern working couple who make decisions together." - Lady Spencer "Being in heritage has taught me patience." - Lady Spencer "Understanding why a home is built the way it is is so key because then you get under the skin of it. Then it's no longer your ego dictating what you do - the house almost talks to you with its own voice." - The Duchess About the Guest and Stately Home: Lady Karen Spencer is a Canadian social entrepreneur, founder and CEO of Whole Child International, a U.S.-based non-governmental organization (NGO) that works to improve the quality of care for vulnerable children. In June 2011, she married Charles Spencer, 9th Earl Spencer at Althorp - the brother of Princess Diana.  Althorp House is a 13,000-acre home and has been the residence of the Spencers since 1508. The current Earl Charles was raised on the estate as well as her sister Princess Diana - who was also buried on the grounds. Althorp House is a Grade I listed stately home consisting of 90 rooms. The grounds of Althorp Estate also contain 28 listed buildings and structures, including nine planting stones. The Second Earl of Sunderland (Robert Spencer) brought in an Italian architect to remake Althorp in a grand classical style, replacing the brick with Weldon stone, and adding Corinthian and Composite columns. Andre Le Notre, the architect of Versailles, also designed the gardens in formal style. One of its most impressive original features, its 115-foot picture gallery, is untouched and retains its Tudor wood panelling to this day. There's an impressive collection of art for their home, including Van Dyck's War and Peace, a John de Critz portrait of King James I and works by Lely. There is also an extensive exhibition devoted to the memory of Princess Diana. The exhibition has been spread across 6 rooms of a converted stable block and depicts Diana's childhood, her royal wedding to Prince Charles, her charitable work, and her considerable influence on fashion and style.  About the Host: Emma Rutland, The Duchess of Rutland, did not always stride the halls of stately homes. Born Emma Watkins, the Duchess grew up the daughter of a Quaker farmer, in the Welsh marsh countryside. She trained as an opera singer in the Guildhall School of Music, and worked as a successful interior designer before meeting her future husband David Manners, the 11th Duke of Rutland, at a dinner party. Their marriage in 1992 would transform Emma Watkins into the 11th Duchess of Rutland, thrusting her into the world of aristocracy, and handing her the responsibility of one of the nation's great treasures: Belvoir Castle. While simultaneously running the day to day operations of the castle, and raising five children, The Duchess became fascinated with the history and importance of the other stately homes of the UK. Join The Duchess as she embarks on a wonderful journey through time, to learn more about the incredible homes that have defined Great Britain and, most importantly, meet the other extraordinary women who work tirelessly behind their doors to preserve their history and magic for future generations.  Resources:...

Associé à un terroir bien précis, le vin de Champagne n'est pas tout à fait un vin comme les autres. Et sSi les grands de ce monde l'apprécient depuis le Moyen-Âge, la technique d'élaboration du Champagne mousseux n'est pas maîtrisée avant la fin du XVIIè siècle. Un vin mousseuxSachez tout d'abord que c'est entre les Ier et IVe siècles que le vignoble champenois commence à se former. Comme dans les autres régions viticoles, on le trouve surtout dans le domaine des abbayes et monastères. Le vin est en effet un élément central de la liturgie chrétienne.L'assemblage était pratiqué naturellement par les moines, qui pressuraient ensemble les raisins de différents cépages, livrés par les vignerons en paiement de la dîme.Certains moines cellériers, comme le célèbre Dom Pierre Pérignon de l'abbaye d'Hautvilé, transformèrent l'assemblage en un savoir-faire précis. Ce dernier sélectionnait soigneusement les raisins de provenances différentes pour obtenir des vins mieux équilibrés.Certains crus, comme le vin d'Ailli ou de Sillery, jouissent déjà d'une flatteuse réputation. Ces vins se remarquent alors par leur effervescence, sans qu'on comprenne encore comment elle se produit.Ce n'est qu'à la fin du XVIIe siècle qu'on commence à les appeler « vins de Champagne ».Le vin de la fêteDès le début de son histoire, le Champagne est le privilège des élites. Et oui ! Et non des moindres ! Par exemple, depuis le baptême de Clovis, au Ve siècle, le sacre des rois de France a lieu à Reims, en Champagne, le vin de la région, encore tranquille, coulant à flots lors du banquet qui suit cet événement solennel.Des siècles plus tard, le champagne est le vin préféré de Louis XIV, puis de Louis XV et de la cour de Versailles, ce qui contribua à sa renommée, au point qu'il devienne rapidement le vin des Célébrations et des événements d'importance. En 1717, le tsar Pierre le Grand, alors en visite à Fontainebleau, l'apprécie tellement qu'il demande qu'on lui apporte 4 bouteilles supplémentaires dans sa suite après un diner. Philippe V d'Espagne dit ne boire que ce vin, Frédéric II de Prusse se passionne pour son élaboration et Casanova l'utilise pour séduire ses conquêtes vénitiennes. Grâce à eux et à d'autres, le Champagne devient le plus célèbre des vins.Cependant à cette époque, le vin de Champagne est encore, et pour longtemps, réservé à une mince frange de la société. Ses conditions de production, assez délicates, ainsi que la relative exiguïté du vignoble, expliquent l'exclusivité de sa consommation.Mais peu à peu il apparait moins élitiste, permettant ainsi au plus grand nombre de créer des moments d'exception au quotidien. Si les baptêmes/ mariages/ diplômes restent incontournables, le champagne peut aussi donner un caractère privilégié à d'autres moments : des retrouvailles, un repas romantique, une dégustation, ou encore du temps pour soi… Que ce soit en famille, entre amis ou en amoureux, le champagne est aujourd'hui LE vin symbolisant l'esprit de fête et l'élégance à la française à travers le monde.L'alcool est dangereux pour la santé. A consommer avec modération. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Covers all 10 volumes plus the 10th anniversary side stories of The Rose of Versailles by Riyoko Ikeda (that's the five omnibus volumes released by Udon!)It's hard to overstate how significant The Rose of Versailles is to the history of shojo manga and beyond. In this episode about Riyoko Ikeda's masterpiece, Erica Friedman, the editor of the English edition of the series, details the legacy of Oscar François de Jarjayes, the ultimate girl prince. Erica answers listener questions about the localization, plus she and Ashley dive into the series' queerness (despite not being about gender or sexuality), how historically accurate it is to the events of the French Revolution (immensely), and much more. We hope you're as delighted as we are to finally be able to read this iconic series legally, in gorgeous English editions.REFERENCESThe Rose of Versailles manga is available physically in omnibuses from Udon EntertainmentThe Rose of Versailles anime is available from Discotek. (But you have to watch the Dear Brother anime first.)Ikeda is part of the legendary Magnificent 49ers group of manga artists Erica's book, By Your Side, will be coming out in 2022. It's about the history of yuri manga.Other great folks who worked on the English edition of The Rose of Versailles:Erik Ko (head of Udon)Mari Morimoto (translator)Jocelyne Allen (translator)The first Girl Prince was Sapphire in Osamu Tezuka's Princess Knight (available in English from Kodansha)Erica's equation on manga legends: If Osamu Tezuka is the god of manga, then Riyoko Ikeda is the goddess of manga, and Go Nagai is the creepy uncleNow you know why Sarasa is always saying she wants to play Oscar in Kageki Shojo!!The Rose of Versailles is important to the Takarazuka RevueLegacy of girl princes:Utena in Revolutionary Girl UtenaHaruka Tenou from Sailor MoonRedacted letters between Marie-Antoinette and Axel von Fersen were recently decodedHistorian Evelyn Farr has a great video on Marie-Antoinette and Fersen One of the Lulu stories is based off Elizabeth BáthoryMiscellaneous mentions:ALA list of great graphic novels for teensThe Heart of ThomasFlower StoriesRevue StarlightBabylon 5 rebootOther Ikeda work: ClaudineMangasplaining is another good manga podcastOutro song: "The Streatham Hill Gods" by DanosongsCONTACT USErica's Yuricon site: https://okazu.yuricon.com/Erica on Twitter: @OkazuYuriShojo & Tell on Twitter, Tumblr, and InstagramAshley on Twitter: @AshMcD00

Buenos días desde La Habana, soy Yoani Sánchez y en el "cafecito informativo" de este martes 16 de noviembre de 2021 comentaré estos temas: - A golpe de represión y actos de repudio el régimen cubano ahoga el #15NCuba – Lecciones y experiencias de una jornada – Abren "licitación" para la entrega de paquetería - El Versailles, 50 años de memoria gastronómica en el exilio Gracias por compartir este “cafecito informativo” y te espero temprano para el programa de mañana. Puedes conocer más detalles de estas noticias en el diario https://www.14ymedio.com Enlaces recomendados: - La represión ahoga la marcha del 15N en Cuba y extiende el malestar popular https://noticuba.tech/cuba/represion-Cuba-extiende-malestar-popular-15N-marcha_0_3204879492.html - La humillante "victoria" de la dictadura cubana https://noticuba.tech/blogs/desde_aqui/humillante-victoria-dictadura-cubana_7_3205549414.html - Archipiélago llama a los cubanos a seguir la protesta hasta el 27 de noviembre https://noticuba.tech/cuba/Archipielago-considera-protestas-prolonga-noviembre_0_3205479423.html - El Versailles, 50 años de memoria gastronómica e historia del exilio cubano https://noticuba.tech/sociedad/Versailles-memoria-gastronomica-historia-cubano_0_3202479728.html - El régimen cubano militariza el país para evitar la marcha del 15N https://noticuba.tech/cuba/comienza-acto-repudio-Saily-Gonzalez_0_3204879486.html - "Aquí hoy hasta el barrendero es de la policía política" https://noticuba.tech/cuba/hoy-barrendero-policia-politica_0_3204879489.html

Veterans Day originated as "Armistice Day" on November 11th, 1918. It originally commemorated the armistice between the Allied forces and Germany that took place on the "eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month." On June 28th, 1919, the Treaty of Versailles was signed, officially ending World War I. However, the day of the ceasefire, Armistice Day, marked the end of hostilities with Germany and the "war to end all wars." History of Veterans Day https://navalacademytourism.com/blog/history-veterans-day Thank You For Your Service - Military Tribute Song and Video https://yt1s.com/en70 Vietnam War Vets: Stories of Service https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBGmfHdsfFc  

Subscribe to the podcast!  https://podfollow.com/everythingeverywhere/ On November 11th, 1918, the first world war came to an end. Or to be more precise, the fighting stopped.  For the next eight months, a final peace treaty was hammered out, and hanging over the negotiations was the very real threat that fighting could break out again.  In the end, the treaty ended the world's greatest war and might have been the starting point for an even worse one. Learn more about the Treaty of Versailles, the agreement which ended World War I, on this episode of Everything Everywhere Daily. http://www.audibletrial.com/EverythingEverywhere   -------------------------------- Associate Producers: Peter Bennett & Thor Thomsen   Become a supporter on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/everythingeverywhere   Discord Server: https://discord.gg/UkRUJFh   Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/everythingeverywhere/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/everywheretrip Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/EEDailyPodcast/ Website: https://everything-everywhere.com/everything-everywhere-daily-podcast/

World War I officially ended when the Treaty of Versailles was signed on June 28, 1919. BUT!  The FIGHTING  ended seven months before that date when the Allies and Germany agreed to an Armistice. The Armistice happened on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month. HaHA! For that reason, Nov. 11, 1918, was always considered the end of the "BIG WAR." The "War to End All Wars!" WWI.  That is why we celebrate Veterans Day (No Apostrophe) in November. It's to honor all those who served or are serving in the military. Please, take a moment on this National Holiday to thank a Veteran for their service.  Oh, BTW, What do these restaurants have in common, Wendy's, Olive Garden, Outback Steak House, IHOP, Dennys? They are offering free food for Veterans. Eat Heartily!!! For a transcript of this podcast, check out https://gloriamoraga.com/ And Please watch my YouTube Video and Subscribe!

In 2011 Maximilien Dejoie made a mockumentary about a highly contagious disease outbreak that essentially turned people into zombies. Who knew that a decade later his film would eerily mirror a real virus outbreak and offer insight into how our social systems would collapse. Maximilien joins the show to talk about his film "The Gerber Syndrome', his documentary background, and how he'd love to work with Sylvester Stallone.   Films: The Gerber Syndrome: il contagio (2011), When We Talk About KGB (2015), I'll Stand by You (2021), Dawn of the Dead (2004), Night of the Living Dead (1968), Day of the Dead (1985), The Devil's Backbone (2001), Paranormal Activity (2007), Ghostwatch (1992), Death of a President (2006), Operation Avalanche (2016), The Lobster (2015), Patch Adams (1998), The Queen of Versailles (2012), Irreversible (2002), A Clockwork Orange (1971), The Mole: Undercover in North Korea (2020), Brüno (2009), The Mole Agent (2020)   Hey, we're on YouTube!  Listening on an iPhone? Don't forget to rate us on iTunes!   Fill our fe-mailbag by emailing us at Podcast@TheOverlookTheatre.com    Intro Music by Engineer Randy Reach us on Instagram (@theoverlooktheatre) Facebook (@theoverlookhour) Twitter (@OverlookHour)

Gilles Attaf, président de la certification Origine France Garantie, était l'invité de Christophe Jakubyszyn dans Good Morning Business, ce jeudi 11 novembre. Il parle du salon "Made in France" qui commence aujourd'hui et se termine le 14 novembre 2021 à la Porte de Versailles, sur BFM Business. Retrouvez l'émission du lundi au vendredi et réécoutez la en podcast.

Summary:   "This, Madame, is Versailles." This week we are watching Sofia Coppola's 2006 film Marie Antoinette with guest host Steven Schelling, our resident expert in all things French. Also discussed: Persepolis, hard pants and Going Medieval with Dr. Eleanor Janega.     Show notes: It Was Like Hosting the Ultimate Party': An Oral History of Sofia Coppola's Marie Antoinette (Vogue)   Farewell, My Queen (movie recommended by Steven)   Recommendations:  Andrea G.:  Persepolis (movie)   Lisa:  Curb Your Enthusiasm (Season 11) (TV) Steven: Dr. Eleanor Janega, medieval historian (Twitter) Music credits: "Electrodoodle" by Kevin MacLeod From: incompetech.com Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License   "Flutterbee" by Podington Bear From: Free Music Archive License: CC BY-NC 3.0   Theme song "Pyro Flow" by Kevin Macleod From: incompetech.com Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License   Pop This! Links: Pop This! on TumblrPop This! on iTunes (please consider reviewing and rating us!) Pop This! on Stitcher (please consider reviewing and rating us!) Pop This! on Google PlayPop This! on TuneIn radioPop This! on TwitterPop This! on Instagram Logo design by Samantha Smith Intro voiced by Morgan Brayton Pop This! is a podcast featuring three women talking about pop culture. Lisa Christiansen is a broadcaster, journalist and longtime metal head. Andrea Warner is a music critic, author and former horoscopes columnist. Andrea Gin is a producer and an avid figure skating fan. Press play and come hang out with your new best friends. Pop This! podcast is produced by Andrea Gin.  

¿Será destituido Piñera? Hablamos con Paulina Astroza de la Universidad de Concepción. ¿Por qué AMLO no viaja a reuniones internacionales? Opina el ex embaajdor Arturo Sarukhán. Y Felipe Valls Jr. nos contó la historia del Versailles, un clásico de Miami

Rotating Reels has a Patreon! rotatingreels.comBecome a Patron at a rate of $5 per month to gain access to exclusive reviews and conversations!In the forty fourth episode of Rotating Reels, hosts Keegan Tran and Hank Showalter discuss and review Denis Villeneuve's latest film: Dune (available in theaters). Join us next MONTH for our review of House of Gucci!In this week's what we've been watching:Hank: Teen Wolf, Blacklist, What We Do in the Shadows, Great British Bake Off, I Think You Should Leave, Death NoteKeegan: Ted Lasson Season 2, Ottolenghi and the Cakes of Versailles, AntlersFollow our instagram: https://instagram.com/rotatingreels?utmContact us at: RotatingReelsPodcast@gmail.com

http://www.mosbach.fr Catherine Mosbach is the founder of Paris-based design firm mosbach paysagiste, which she established in 1987, as well as the magazine Pages Paysages, which she co-founded with Marc Claramunt, Pascale Jacotot and Vincent Tricaud. Catherine is renowned for socially and environmentally responsible work that attests to temporality and continuing change, referring those who interact with these landscapes to relationships with history, culture and the elements. Mosbach's many projects include the Solutre archaeological park in Saone-et-Loire, Walk Sluice of Saint-Denis, the Botanical Garden of Bordeaux, the other side in Quebec City, Shan Shui at the International Horticultural Exposition in Xian, the Place de la Republic in Paris, Walking Mediterranean Fort Saint Jean in Marseille. Mosbach's work reveals latencies and hidden layers in the landscape, making the amorphous, ambiguous or slow-moving apparent in real time. The firm's projects are often close to a decade in the making, with precise relationships to site conditions, rhythms of activity and occupation and seasonal variation. Mosbach is the recipient of the equerre d'argent award with Kazuyo Sejima and Ryue Nishizawa for the Louvre Lens Museum Park in 2013, and Phase Shift Park (Gateway park) in Taichung was honoured in 2014 in the Iconic Concept Award category by the German Design Council, Munich. Catherine was named an officer of the Legion of Honor proposed by the President of the Republic Francois Hollande in 2016, and is a graduate of the Landscape Architecture School of Versailles. She also instructs the course Build with Life: Transformation and Formation: Landscape and Islamic Culture at Harvard University's Graduate School of Design. https://www.dezeen.com/2020/11/12/mosbach-paysagistes-phase-shifts-park-taichung-taiwan-landscape-architecture/ https://landezine.com/museum-park-louvre-lens-by-mosbach-paysagistes/

Welcome back to the Breakdown! This week Kat and Tee read Exodus 5-8, and it sparks conversaion surrounding, the immorality of the hell doctrine, the reason god needs a middle man, Mother Teresa, snake magic, Versailles, and Kolob. They also compare movie adaptions of the Exodus myth to the source material. Kat aslo tries to sneak in a quick Rick and Morty Review. Cheers and enjoy the blasmephy. Corrections: 4;16- Kat says "trilogy" instead of  "trinity" 10;50- The Charlton Heston poster was changed in Greek not German.  biblebreakdownpodcast@gmail.com

This week in episode 41, Josh and Linda swap topics once again! Josh talks about a 25-year-old graduate student from Danville, Illinois. The last time he communicated with his family was on August 23rd, 2021. Then Linda fills us in on one of the creepiest places you never thought existed. The bones of over 6 million people are preserved below the streets of Paris. She also gives us a bonus story and tells us about an encounter two English women had in 1901. Is it possible that spirits linger on the property of Versailles?Rev. Jesse Jackson Rainbow Coalition:https://www.rainbowpush.org/Paris Catacombes Tour:https://www.catacombes.paris.fr/enChateau Versailles Tour:https://en.chateauversailles.fr/plan-your-visitFollow us on:Instagram: @killercrossroadspodcastTwitter @killrcrossroadsCheck out our website!https://www.killercrossroads.com Support the show (https://www.buymeacoffee.com/kc.support)

Erica and Gil are delighted to welcome designer Amabel Holland of Hollandspiele, known for making games with challenging themes using an unconventional publishing model.  SHOW NOTES 0m58s: Supply Lines of the American Revolution, Table Battles, Irish Gauge, This Guilty Land, Nicea, The Vote. 7m08s: Amabel is talking about her forthcoming game Eyelet. 15m02s: This is Geoff's game Versailles 1919, co-designed with Mark Herman. 17m28s: Benedict Arnold 18m34s: The Shackleton Expedition 21m16s: The Vote 28m22s: Nicea 31m38s: Irish Gauge, Northern Pacific, Iberian Gauge 32m29s: Winsome, Rio Grande 34m23s: Chicago Express 34m55s: Meltwater, An Infamous Traffic 36m11s: RIBBIT: The Jump, Move, and Block Game, Table Battles 38m51s: New Mill 43m45s: Westphalia 48m18s: Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae 49m52s: Cheapass Games 53m46s: Tobacco misinformation campaign 54m37s: Gil was thinking of Brandolini's Law, aka the BS Asymmetry Principle. 57m55s: Horse & Musket 59m03s: Deinocheirus, Pterodactyl, Therizinosaurus

durée : 00:54:05 - La Terre au carré - par : Mathieu Vidard - Dans le Club de la semaine, on jette un œil à « Mâtin », la revue numérique des éditions Dargaud, on en apprend plus sur l'histoire extraordinaire des dinosaures avec « Le triomphe et la chute des dinosaures » de Steve Brusatte et on découvre une exposition sur le bestiaire versaillais...

durée : 00:03:45 - Le Pourquoi du comment : histoire - par : Gérard Noiriel - Les adeptes de l'histoire-patrimoine aiment nous raconter les fastes du Château de Versailles, à l'époque du Roi Soleil. Pourtant, en ce temps-là aussi, c'est grâce au travail du peuple que les astres pouvaient briller au firmament de notre société

durée : 00:03:43 - Les bonnes ondes - par : Sandrine Oudin - Depuis 1901, les Géo Trouvetou du concours Lépine nous enchantent. 302 inventions sont présentées cette année, on connaitra les lauréats ce dimanche. Sandrine Oudin les a rencontrés dans les allées du Parc des Expositions de la Porte de Versailles.

durée : 00:03:43 - Les bonnes ondes - par : Sandrine Oudin - Depuis 1901, les Géo Trouvetou du concours Lépine nous enchantent. 302 inventions sont présentées cette année, on connaitra les lauréats ce dimanche. Sandrine Oudin les a rencontrés dans les allées du Parc des Expositions de la Porte de Versailles.

En 2000, la Police Judiciaire de Versailles enquête sur la mort de Joël Deprez, 39 ans, dont le corps est retrouvé calciné dans un bois du Val-d'Oise. Et ce, 15 jours après que sa femme signale sa disparition...

En 2000, la Police Judiciaire de Versailles enquête sur la mort de Joël Deprez, 39 ans, dont le corps est retrouvé calciné dans un bois du Val-d'Oise. Et ce, 15 jours après que sa femme signale sa disparition...

durée : 00:25:01 - Michel-Richard Delalande, Deitatis Majestatem - par : Anne-Charlotte Rémond - Anne-Charlotte Rémond vous emmène aujourd'hui dans les années 1680, entre Paris et Versailles, à la rencontre du jeune Michel-Richard de Lalande, l'un des musiciens favoris du roi Louis XIV… - réalisé par : Claire Lagarde

Following the Treaty of Versailles, European nation-states were faced with the challenge of instilling national loyalty in their new borderlands, in which fellow citizens often differed dramatically from one another along religious, linguistic, cultural, or ethnic lines. Peripheries at the Centre: Borderland Schooling in Interwar Europe (Berghahn Books, 2021) compares the experiences of schooling in Upper Silesia in Poland and Eupen, Sankt Vith, and Malmedy in Belgium — border regions detached from the German Empire after the First World War. It demonstrates how newly configured countries envisioned borderland schools and language learning as tools for realizing the imagined peaceful Europe that underscored the political geography of the interwar period. Jill Massino is a scholar of modern Eastern Europe with a focus on Romania, gender, and everyday life. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/education

Following the Treaty of Versailles, European nation-states were faced with the challenge of instilling national loyalty in their new borderlands, in which fellow citizens often differed dramatically from one another along religious, linguistic, cultural, or ethnic lines. Peripheries at the Centre: Borderland Schooling in Interwar Europe (Berghahn Books, 2021) compares the experiences of schooling in Upper Silesia in Poland and Eupen, Sankt Vith, and Malmedy in Belgium — border regions detached from the German Empire after the First World War. It demonstrates how newly configured countries envisioned borderland schools and language learning as tools for realizing the imagined peaceful Europe that underscored the political geography of the interwar period. Jill Massino is a scholar of modern Eastern Europe with a focus on Romania, gender, and everyday life. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/history

Following the Treaty of Versailles, European nation-states were faced with the challenge of instilling national loyalty in their new borderlands, in which fellow citizens often differed dramatically from one another along religious, linguistic, cultural, or ethnic lines. Peripheries at the Centre: Borderland Schooling in Interwar Europe (Berghahn Books, 2021) compares the experiences of schooling in Upper Silesia in Poland and Eupen, Sankt Vith, and Malmedy in Belgium — border regions detached from the German Empire after the First World War. It demonstrates how newly configured countries envisioned borderland schools and language learning as tools for realizing the imagined peaceful Europe that underscored the political geography of the interwar period. Jill Massino is a scholar of modern Eastern Europe with a focus on Romania, gender, and everyday life. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/eastern-european-studies

Following the Treaty of Versailles, European nation-states were faced with the challenge of instilling national loyalty in their new borderlands, in which fellow citizens often differed dramatically from one another along religious, linguistic, cultural, or ethnic lines. Peripheries at the Centre: Borderland Schooling in Interwar Europe (Berghahn Books, 2021) compares the experiences of schooling in Upper Silesia in Poland and Eupen, Sankt Vith, and Malmedy in Belgium — border regions detached from the German Empire after the First World War. It demonstrates how newly configured countries envisioned borderland schools and language learning as tools for realizing the imagined peaceful Europe that underscored the political geography of the interwar period. Jill Massino is a scholar of modern Eastern Europe with a focus on Romania, gender, and everyday life. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

Following the Treaty of Versailles, European nation-states were faced with the challenge of instilling national loyalty in their new borderlands, in which fellow citizens often differed dramatically from one another along religious, linguistic, cultural, or ethnic lines. Peripheries at the Centre: Borderland Schooling in Interwar Europe (Berghahn Books, 2021) compares the experiences of schooling in Upper Silesia in Poland and Eupen, Sankt Vith, and Malmedy in Belgium — border regions detached from the German Empire after the First World War. It demonstrates how newly configured countries envisioned borderland schools and language learning as tools for realizing the imagined peaceful Europe that underscored the political geography of the interwar period. Jill Massino is a scholar of modern Eastern Europe with a focus on Romania, gender, and everyday life. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/european-studies

The sound of each postcard brings alive a particular mindful moment in the every day life in Paris. These short episodes are released Monday, Wednesday & Friday. Your host, Tania Del Rio, leads mindful walks, mindful yoga & coaching sessions and corporate wellness workshops in Paris. For more information, please visit www.happyhealthyandzen.com

In French in this CDA S3#17 (Monday online), " Housing, tomorrow ", an interview of Ingrid Taillandier, Architecte, founder of ITAR - Ingrid Taillandier Architectures. In English in CDA S3#18 (Wednesday online), itv," Around Allure project " by ITAR - Ingrid Taillandier Architectures.En français dans le CDA S3#17 (lundi en ligne), " Habiter, demain ", une interview de Ingrid Taillandier, Architecte fondatrice et dirigeante de ITAR - Ingrid Taillandier Architectures – En anglais dans CDA S3#18 (Mercredi en ligne), itv, " Autour du projet Allure ", par ITAR - Ingrid Taillandier Architectures.___Diplômée d'un master AAD de l'Université de Columbia à New-York puis diplômée architecte DPLG de l'ENSA Paris-Belleville, après avoir travaillé dans l'agence du grand Richard Meier (NY) ou bien dans celle de Philippe Gazeau, Ingrid Taillandier crée sa propre agence d'architecture en 2006. Passionnée d'histoire, elle a bénéficié, auparavant, de l'enseignement de Kenneth Frampton et de Jean-Louis Cohen. Ayant consacré de nombreux articles aux problématiques liées à la densité et à la hauteur, elle est commissaire scientifique de l'exposition « L'invention de la Tour européenne » présentée au Pavillon de l'Arsenal à Paris en 2009. Depuis 2005 elle est enseignante, d'abord à l'ENSA de la Villette puis à l'ENSA de Versailles (à partir de 2011). Ce 20 octobre 2021, elle est investie, en tant que membre de l'Académie d'Architecture. Dans ce Com d'Archi S3#17, Ingrid Taillandier livre son parcours d'architecte depuis les origines, et nous parle de deux « chantiers » cruciaux à ses yeux : celui de la qualité en architecture et la place de la femme au cœur de la profession. En effet, les mutations des pratiques professionnelles amènent à se poser la question : quels seront nos habitats pour demain ? Mais aussi, que deviennent les plus de 60% de jeunes femmes qui étudient dans les écoles d'architecture au lendemain de leur diplôme ? A écouter, ce témoignage de valeur d'une architecte, femme et mère, reconnue par ses pairs. Portrait teaser © Gaela BlandyIngénierie son : Julien Rebours____Si le podcast COM D'ARCHI vous plaît n'hésitez pas :. à vous abonner pour ne pas rater les prochains épisodes,. à nous laisser des étoiles et un commentaire, :-),. à nous suivre sur Instagram @comdarchipodcast pourretrouver de belles images, toujours choisies avec soin, demanière à enrichirvotre regard sur le sujet.Bonne semaine à tous ! Voir Acast.com/privacy pour les informations sur la vie privée et l'opt-out.

"Tel est pris qui croyait prendre" : le fameux proverbe pourrait s'appliquer à la reine Marie de Médicis qui, croyant se débarrasser de Richelieu, doit prendre elle-même le chemin de l'exil. C'est ce que l'histoire a appelé la "Journée des Dupes".Une alliance avec les princes protestantsPrincipal ministre de Louis XIII depuis 1624, le cardinal de Richelieu s'efforce de restaurer l'autorité royale en mettant au pas la noblesse et en combattant avec succès les protestants.À l'extérieur, son objectif principal est d'abaisser les Habsbourg qui, en gouvernant à la fois leurs possessions autrichiennes et l'Espagne, risquent de prendre la France dans un étau.Pour mener à bien sa politique, Richelieu est prêt à se rapprocher des princes protestants d'Allemagne, qui, dans le cadre de la guerre de Trente ans, combattent l'empereur d'Autriche.Un tel projet n'est pas du goût du parti dévot qui, autour de la reine mère, Marie de Médicis, et de son fils cadet, Gaston d'Orléans, soutient les puissances catholiques, et donc les Habsbourg.Le cardinal échappe à la disgrâceMarie de Médicis ne doute pas de son ascendant sur son fils aîné, le roi Louis XIII. Elle veut en profiter pour le convaincre de renvoyer Richelieu, qui lui doit pourtant sa carrière.Elle ne doute pas que son fils, timide et réservé, ne cède à ses arguments. Aussi, le 10 novembre 1630, profite-t-elle de la présence du roi au palais du Luxembourg, résidence de la reine mère, pour lui faire la leçon.Elle a ordonné de faire condamner toutes les portes, afin d'empêcher le cardinal d'assister à l'entrevue. Mais Richelieu s'introduit par une porte dérobée et fait irruption dans la pièce.Il se jette aux pieds des souverains et implore leur indulgence. Sans mot dire, Louis XIII quitte la pièce et se retire dans soin relais de chasse de Versailles. Pour les courtisans, l'affaire est entendue : la disgrâce du cardinal ne fait aucun doute.Pourtant, peu de temps après, le monarque convoque Richelieu et lui renouvelle sa confiance. Jusqu'à la mort de son ministre, en 1642, il ne la lui retirera jamais. En revanche, il demande à sa mère de quitter la Cour. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

C'est bien connu : à Versailles, les habitants faisaient leurs besoins derrière les rideaux...Mais ce n'était pas le cas dans les châteaux forts du Moyen Âge !En effet, nos ancêtres médiévaux avaient, pour lieux d'aisance, des latrines suspendues au-dessus du vide.Drôle d'altitudeL'histoire des lieux d'aisance n'est pas vraiment une thématique que l'on traite de manière très médiatique.Pourtant, il y aurait bien des choses à dire sur l'évolution de l'hygiène humaine ; au gré des époques et des avancées technologiques.Par exemple, il est bien connu que nos aïeuls du Moyen Âge n'étaient pas forcément les personnes malpropres que les clichés les plus éculés aiment bien représenter.On peut même dire que les civilisations médiévales faisaient preuve d'une véritable inventivité et d'un certain raffinement dans certains domaines (en contraste, par exemple, avec certaines mœurs en vogue au cours de la Renaissance).Pour les lieux d'aisance, par exemple, nous savons qu'il existait – à l'époque féodale - de vraies latrines (malgré l'absence d'eau courante).En effet, si à la campagne les résidents se soulageaient ordinairement à l'extérieur ou dans les étables... en ville les pratiques étaient bien différentes !Dans les châteaux forts, par exemple, il y avait des latrines en encorbellement.Celles-ci reposaient sur le principe de l'évacuation gravitaire et prenaient la forme de petites excroissances situées, en altitude, sur la façade de l'édifice fortifié.Plus dure était la chuteVéritable ancêtre de nos toilettes actuelles, la cabine était rectangulaire et faite en bois ou en pierre.Réservé aux nobles du château (mais aussi aux valets et à la garnison), cet endroit était en outre protégé d'éventuels tirs de flèche (grâce à une retombée du mur) et se trouvait en connexion avec les salles et l'escalier.De cette manière, les habitants du château n'avaient pas besoin de sortir aux alentours pour se soulager.En outre, les matières fécales tombaient directement dans un fossé (via un trou béant que l'occupant pouvait refermer après son passage).Une aubaine pour les jardiniers du château qui trouvaient là un matériau idéal pour faire du compost.Ça alors : les chevaliers d'antan avaient même inventé le recyclage ! See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Communities that celebrate with the Latin Mass have prospered. Now, Pope Francis has ruled that Catholics may only use the Latin Mass if their bishops agree to let them. Instead of a rule of tolerance for the Old Rite, wherever Catholics want it, there will be tolerance on a case-by-case basis. Many traditionally-minded Catholics believe that what is at stake here is the soul of the Catholic church with a liberal old guard with Francis at their head hoping to snuff out a rising generation of conservatives before they take over. In France, the more old-fashioned Catholics still often have very large families and, proportionately, many more of their sons become priests. In this edition of Heart and Soul, France-based correspondent John Laurenson, takes us into the extraordinary world of traditional Catholicism in France. We go to Versailles, the former seat of the ardently-Catholic monarchy, that is today the unofficial capital of the ‘tradi' movement. John meets young Catholics to find out what attracts so many young believers to the Old Rite Producer and Presenter: John Laurenson Image: John Laurenson/BBC

This week, Paris's resurgence: is the French capital stealing London's thunder? As established and up and coming galleries open branches in Paris and the Fiac art fair opens there, we ask Melanie Gerlis if this is indeed a shift of power from the UK to the French capital. For this episode's Work of the Week, Donatien Grau, curator of contemporary programmes at the Musée d'Orsay discusses The Lady of Uruk, a painting from one of the two shows of the work of the South African artist Marlene Dumas that have just opened at the museum. And as the Chateau de Versailles, and the Louvre and the Centre Pompidou in Paris all pay tribute to Christian Boltanski, who died in July, Annalisa Rimmaudo, curator at the Pompidou, discusses the three displays and remembers this leading figure in French art over the past 50 years. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Un modo di scrivere IndieUrban, uno stile Rock moderno ma una sonorità chiaramente Pop. Questo Mix può funzionare secondo me. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Les odeurs sont une porte dʹentrée vers le souvenir. Elles évoquent des moments vécus à tel point quʹelles sont parfois utilisées pour aider des malades à retrouver la mémoire. Lʹaromaticienne Caroline Reverdy est spécialiste de lʹéducation sensorielle. Elle initie des enfants à lʹunivers des odeurs et à leur langage particulier. Florence Fouillet, parfumeuse-créatrice et professeure dʹolfaction à lʹInstitut supérieur de la parfumerie, de la cosmétique et des arômes de Versailles, anime un atelier dʹolfactothérapie aux HUG. Reportage: Samuel Socquet Réalisation: Jean-Daniel Mottet Production: Laurence Difélix

LE PEN / ZEMMOUR : ALLIÉS OU CONCURRENTS ? – 20/10/21 Invités YVES THRÉARD Éditorialiste et directeur adjoint de la rédaction - « Le Figaro » CÉCILE CORNUDET Éditorialiste politique – « Les Echos » IVANNE TRIPPENBACH Journaliste politique – « Le Monde » VINCENT MARTIGNY Professeur en science politique Université de Nice et Polytechnique Alors qu'à six mois de l'élection présidentielle, le polémiste Éric Zemmour, dont la candidature est toujours hypothétique, est donné autour de 16 % des intentions de vote selon les différents sondages, le mettant au coude à coude avec Marine Le Pen pour une qualification au second tour face à Emmanuel Macron (24 %), au sein du Rassemblement national certains plaident pour une alliance des deux personnalités d'extrême droite. Le maire de Béziers, Robert Ménard, qui recevait dans sa ville ce samedi l'essayiste, lui a proposé de faire un ticket avec la candidate du Rassemblement national, de s'unir pour que le moins bien placé dans les sondages au mois de février accepte de soutenir l'autre. Car pour ce proche de Marine Le Pen, c'est la seule issue. « Ma conception de la politique, c'est de gagner des élections… Ce n'est pas faire un bon score, ce n'est pas se faire plaisir. Ce n'est pas que son ego passe avant tout », a développé l'édile. « Ils s'adressent chacun à une partie de cet électorat qu'on rêvait de réunir. Éric ne gagnera pas ça sans Marine Le Pen, et encore moins contre Marine Le Pen. » « Ce n'est pas mon sujet » a répondu l'ancien journaliste de CNews pour qui la présidentielle « est la rencontre d'un homme et d'un peuple ». Pour cela, le non-candidat qui ne devrait plus tarder à le devenir a poursuivi ses déplacements et s'est rendu dimanche à Versailles pour la troisième fois depuis le lancement de sa tournée en septembre. Une visite, cette fois à l'invitation des Éveilleurs, association proche de la Manif pour tous, destinée à s'adresser aux catholiques et conservateurs qui ne se sont pas relevés de l'échec des mobilisations contre le mariage homosexuel, ni de celui de François Fillon à la présidentielle de 2017. Puis ce mercredi, il était au Salon mondial de la sécurité intérieure des États. Un déplacement qui visait à renvoyer l'image d'un candidat soucieux des questions régaliennes au cours duquel le polémiste s'est amusé à diriger une arme vers les nombreux journalistes qui l'entouraient, suscitant depuis de très nombreuses réactions. Car au-delà de la symbolique que l'image renvoie, Éric Zemmour est contrevenu aux règles élémentaires de sécurité lorsqu'on manipule une arme. De son côté, Marine Le Pen était en déplacement ce week-end dans le Vaucluse où elle a rappelé la nécessité d'une candidature unique pour le « camp national ». « J'ai dit à Éric Zemmour qu'il fallait qu'il mette son énergie à soutenir la candidature qui est la mieux placée pour gagner, en l'occurrence la mienne », a déclaré la candidate du RN qui reproche également au presque-candidat Éric Zemmour de défendre un programme « marqué par un ultralibéralisme ». Par ailleurs, ce mercredi le président par intérim du RN Jordan Bardella, interrogé sur un possible rapprochement avec Éric Zemmour, a lui assuré que Marine Le Pen « ira au bout quoi qu'il arrive ». Alors une alliance entre Éric Zemmour et Marine Le Pen est-elle possible ? La candidate du RN serait-elle en train de changer de stratégie face au polémiste ? Enfin à droite comment se déroule la bataille pour le Congrès LR ? DIFFUSION : du lundi au samedi à 17h45 FORMAT : 65 minutes PRÉSENTATION : Caroline Roux - Axel de Tarlé REDIFFUSION : du lundi au vendredi vers 23h40 RÉALISATION : Nicolas Ferraro, Bruno Piney, Franck Broqua, Alexandre Langeard PRODUCTION : France Télévisions / Maximal Productions Retrouvez C DANS L'AIR sur internet & les réseaux : INTERNET : francetv.fr FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/Cdanslairf5 TWITTER : https://twitter.com/cdanslair INSTAGRAM : https://www.instagram.com/cdanslair/

Mention légales : Vos données de connexion, dont votre adresse IP, sont traités par Radio Classique, responsable de traitement, sur la base de son intérêt légitime, par l'intermédiaire de son sous-traitant Ausha, à des fins de réalisation de statistiques agréées et de lutte contre la fraude. Ces données sont supprimées en temps réel pour la finalité statistique et sous cinq mois à compter de la collecte à des fins de lutte contre la fraude. Pour plus d'informations sur les traitements réalisés par Radio Classique et exercer vos droits, consultez notre Politique de confidentialité.

Quelle que soit la culture et la tradition de soin, parler est au cœur de la relation entre la personne qui souffre et celle qui l'écoute. Chez le médecin, la parole aide à enquêter et à interroger le malade pour mieux comprendre ses symptômes et expliquer le traitement. Chez le thérapeute, elle offre aussi la possibilité de tout dire, dans un cadre de confiance et en sécurité, sans jugement. Dans tous les cas, la parole est plus qu'un partage d'informations ; elle aide à se libérer, à se détacher de certaines souffrances. Comment la parole agit-elle pour nous faire du bien ? Quelles sont les conditions nécessaires, pour que la parole puisse se libérer ? Avec : Dr Adrian Chaboche, ancien chef de clinique des Universités, psychothérapeute, praticien attaché au Centre de traitement de la douleur à l'Hôpital Ambroise Paré à Boulogne-Billancourt, enseignant universitaire et coordinateur du DU d'hypnose et douleur de l'Université de Versailles et cofondateur du Centre Vitruve à Paris Pr Roger Sombié,  gastroentérologue et hépatologue à l'hôpital Yalgado Ouédraogo, à Ouagadougou, au Burkina Faso. Priscille Deborah, Artiste Bionique à Albi. Auteure de « Une vie à inventer », aux éditions Albin Michel Aminata Cissakho, travaille dans le domaine des ressources humaines en banlieue parisienne   En fin d'émission, nous faisons le point sur atelier d'échange qui est consacré à l'obésité et la stigmatisation. Nous en parlons avec le Dr Vanessa Folope, médecin responsable du centre de nutrition Bois Guillaume et responsable et coordinatrice médicale du centre spécialisé obésité Haute-Normandie. (En attente de confirmation)

Canadian Etheliya Hananova, from the restaurant Comice, talks about how she ended up recommending wine in her family-owned Michelin-starred restaurant in Paris.  Find the restaurant at 31 avenue de Versailles, and explore their website here: https://comice.paris/ To become a Patreon member of The Earful Tower, click here: https://www.patreon.com/theearfultower

In December of 2015, Versailles, Kentucky, was preparing for Christmas. Residents had decorated their homes in preparation for the festivities. In the quiet neighbourhood of Gray Street, there was one family home which had lit up in celebration, with decorations a plenty and a Snoopy wearing a Christmas hat standing out front. One morning, however, the community would awake to the terrifying news that somebody had crept into this family's home armed with a knife. This person's actions inside that family's home would strike fear into parents across the world.SPONSORS -Füm: Thank you to Füm for sponsoring this episode! Füm is a non-electrical natural inhaler made to receive the benefits of essential oils. It is the #1 natural way to quit smoking. Get 10% off with code “MORBIDOLOGY” at: https://breathefum.com/morbidologyKing of the World: Thank you to the King of the World Podcast for sponsoring this episode! From Rifelion Media, the King of the World podcast series explores the impact of 9/11 for the American Muslim community, through the journey its host who was a high school senior at that time. Listen today: https://www.rifelion.com/shows/kingoftheworldBest Fiends: Thank you to Best Fiends for sponsoring this episode! Engage your brain with this fun puzzle and collect cute monsters along the way. Best Fiends is a free to download app game available on the app store and Google Play.Nutrafol: Nutrafol is clinically shown to improve hair growth and thickness with less shedding. Use code “MORBIDOLOGY” to get $15 off your first month's subscription: https://nutrafol.com/BetterHelp: Thank you to BetterHelp for sponsoring this episode! Is there is something that interferes with your happiness or is preventing you from achieving your goals? BetterHelp online counseling is there for you. Get matched with a counsellor today: https://betterhelp.com/morbidologySHOW NOTES - https://morbidology.com/morbidology-the-podcast-122-logan-tiptonPATREON - https://www.patreon.com/morbidologyAudio Credit:Evening of Chaos - Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)Empty Reflections - ErikMMusic - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bgq4SPKHlyIA Mothers Sacrifice - OurMusicBox - https://ourmusicbox.com/Dark Tranquility - Anno Domini Beats - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F6mBav72Ak

Persuadé de la victoire de l'Allemagne dans la Seconde Guerre mondiale, et tout à son idée d'imprimer sa marque personnelle dans l'histoire de son temps, Hitler conçut un projet grandiose, pour faire de Berlin rien moins que la capitale du monde. De rares parties de ce programme ambitieux ont pu voir le jour.Une nouvelle capitaleLa réorganisation totale de Berlin, pour en faire une nouvelle capitale monumentale, visait à renforcer le prestige d'un Troisième Reich vainqueur des adversaires ligués contre lui.Hitler aurait confié à ses proches qu'il souhaitait donner le nom de "Germania" à cette ville grandiose qui serait, il n'en doutait pas, la "capitale du monde".La conception de la futur capitale, qui devait s'inspirer d'autres villes, comme Paris, fut confiée à l'architecte Albert Speer, qui devint un proche du Führer. Organisée autour de deux grands axes, la future Germania devait comprendre certains bâtiments emblématiques.C'est le cas du Grand Hall du peuple, à proximité du Reichstag, qui devait devenir le plus vaste espace fermé du monde, surmonté d'un dôme seize fois plus haut que celui de la basilique Saint-Pierre à Rome. Quant à l'arc de triomphe, il devait largement surpasser celui de l'Étoile à Paris.Un palais pour le Führer, une nouvelle chancellerie et des espaces verts étaient également prévus. Quant aux musées, ils devaient être en partie regroupés sur une île de la Spree, rivière coulant à Berlin.Quelques réalisationsLes aléas du conflit, avec ses innombrables destructions, et la défaite de l'Allemagne, n'ont pas permis à la nouvelle capitale de l'Allemagne de voir le jour.Malgré tout, certaines réalisations ont pu être menées à bien. C'est notamment le cas du vaste stade olympique; inauguré à l'occasion des jeux olympiques de 1936, il pouvait accueillir plus de 100.000 spectateurs.Une nouvelle chancellerie fut également construite; elle était dotée d'un hall conçu pour être deux fois plus log que la galerie des glaces du château de Versailles.On eut également le temps de tracer une grande artère, intégrant la célèbre avenue Unter den Linden, élargie, et de construire la première parie d'une autoroute. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

À priori, l'annonce d'une grossesse est toujours une bonne nouvelle… Sauf pour certains employeurs qui voient cet événement d'un très mauvais œil… C'est ce qui est arrivé à Alexandra. Elle a été victime d'un véritable « délit de grossesse » au travail… Elle vient partager son histoire. Maître Julie Gliksman, avocate au Barreau de Versailles, répond à vos questions sur le harcèlement au travail.

Michael Hudson, American economist and author of Super Imperialism: The Economic Strategy of American Empire (1972) discusses the rentier economy that accounts for the growing disparity in wealth due to finance capitalism. Giving a history of the the polarisation of the US economy since the 1960s through the present, Hudson discusses how the high costs of education and housing have led to a growing problem of student debt, higher costs of living and increasing austerity. Noting how 80% of bank loans are made for real estate in the US, Hudson expounds upon how loans and exponentially growing debts outstrip profits from the economy proving disastrous for both the government and the people who are paying increasing amounts on housing with little to no money left to spend on goods and services. Hudson contends that finance capitalism is a “self-terminating” oligarchical system leaving workers traumatised, afraid to strike or react to working conditions, while they are pushed towards serfdom as US and Europe are heading towards a debt crisis on par with that of Argentina and Greece.TranscriptIntroduction: Welcome to Savage Minds. I'm your host, Julian Vigo. Today's show marks the launch of our second season with a very special guest: Michael Hudson. Michael Hudson is a financial analyst and president of the Institute for the Study of long term economic trends. He is a distinguished research professor of economics at the University of Missouri Kansas City, and the professor at the School of Marx studies, Peking University in China. He's also a research fellow at the Levy Institute of Bard College, and he has served as an economic adviser to the US Canadian, Mexican, and Latvian governments. He's also been a consultant to UNITAR, the Institute for Research on Public Policy and the Canadian Science Council, among other organisations. He holds a BA from the University of Chicago and an MA and PhD in economics from New York University. Professor Hudson is the author of Killing the Host: How Financial Parasites and Debt Bondage Destroy the Global Economy (2015), and most recently, J is for junk economics, a guide to reality in an age of deception. His super imperialism, the economic strategy of the American Empire has just been translated into German after its appearance in Chinese, Japanese and Spanish. He sits on the editorial board of lap times quarterly and has written for the Journal of International Affairs, Commonweal, International Economy, Financial Times, and Harper's, and he's a regular contributor to CounterPunch. I welcome Michael Hudson, to Savage Minds.Julian Vigo: Class analysis in the United States is rather subterfuge amidst all these other narratives of the American dream as it's framed—that being the right to own one's home. In the UK, that became part of the Trojan horse, that Thatcher built to win her election. It was a very smart move. She won that election—she won her elections—by the reforms in the “right to buy” scheme as I'm sure you know. I t was really clever and disastrous for human rights in the country. I've spent quite a bit of my life in the UK and to see that in 1979 was, I believe, 49% of all residential housing was council housing. And when I wrote a piece on this for the Morning Star about eight, nine years ago, that rate was reduced to under 11%. So we're seeing the haves- and have-nots. And this is where your work really struck a chord for me. And let's kick into the show at this point. I have written over the years, about rentier capitalism, a term that is increasingly used to describe economies dominated by rentier, rents and rent-generating assets. And you discuss this quite a bit in your work, more recently, your article from July, “Finance Capitalism versus Industrial Capitalism: The Rentier Resurgence and Takeover.” And in this article, you discuss how today the finance, insurance and real estate sectors have regained control of government creating a “neo-rentier” economy as you put it, while you note—and I quote you: “The aim of this postindustrial finance capitalism is the opposite of industrial capitalism as known to nineteenth-century economists: it seeks wealth primarily through the extraction of economic rent, not industrial capital formation.” Unquote. I was wondering if we might begin our talk by branching out from this piece you wrote in July. And if you could explain for our listeners why discerning rentier capitalism is essential for understanding the global push to privatise and financialise those sectors that formerly existed in the public domain such as—and we see this everywhere, including in the EU—transportation, health care, prisons, policing, education, the post office, etc.Michael Hudson: Well, most textbooks depict a sort of happy world that almost seems to exist in the 1950s. And this “happy world” is when wealthy people get money, they build factories and buy machinery and hire workers to produce more goods and services. But that's not what the credits created for today, it's the textbooks that pick the banks that take in people's deposits and lend them out to people who build industrial production, and you'll have a picture of workers with lunchboxes working in. But actually, banks only lend money against assets. And the main assets do not make a profit by employing people to produce things there. They simply are opportunities to extract rent, like real estate 80% of bank loans are made for real estate. And that means they're made against primarily buildings that are in land that are already there. And the effective more and more bank credit is to raise the price of real estate. And in the United States, in the last year, housing prices have gone up 20%. And typically, in America, if you go to a bank and take out a loan, the government is going to guarantee the bank that you will pay the loan up to the point where it absorbs 43% of your income.So here's a big chunk of American income going to pay simply for housing, those price increases, not because there's more housing, or better housing. But in fact, the housing is built worse and worse every year, by lowering the standards, but simply inflation. There are other forms of rent, other people pay, for instance, 18% of America's GDP is healthcare, much higher than the percentage in any other country for much lower quality of service. So you know, that's sort of taken out of people's budgets. If you're a worker in the United States, right away, you get your paycheque 15%—a little more, maybe 16% now—is deducted for Social Security and medical care for when you're older. They also need up to maybe 30%, for income tax, federal, state and local income tax before you have anything to spend. And then you have to spend for housing, you have to pay for transportation, you have to pay for your own medical insurance contributions, your own pension contributions. So there's very, very little that is left over in people's budgets to buy goods and services. Not only have real wages in the United States, gone down now for three decades, but the disposable income that people and families get after they meet their sort of monthly “nut,” what they can spend on goods and services is shrunk even more. So while they're getting squeezed, all this money is paid to rentiers as at the top. And because of the miracle of compound interest, the amount that the 1% of the economy has grows exponentially. Any rate of interest is a doubling time. And even though people know that there's only a 0.1% rate of interest, now for the banks, and for large wall firms, it's about 3% if you want to buy a mortgage. and so this, the 0.1% is lent out to large companies like Blackstone that are now buying up almost all of the housing that comes onto the market in the United States. So in 2008, 69% of homeowners of Americans own their own homes. Now it's fallen by more than 10%. It's fallen to about 51%. All this difference has been basically the financial sector funding a transformation away from home ownership into landlordship—into absentee ownership. And so the if you're part of the 1%, the way that you make money is by buying stocks or bonds, or corporate takeovers, or buying real estate and not building factories. And that's why the factories and the industry have been shifting outside of the United States over to China, and other countries. So, what we're having is a kind of…I won’t say its post-industrial capitalism, because people thought that the what was going to follow industrial capitalism was going to be socialism. They thought that there will be more and more government spending on providing basic needs that people had. And instead of socialism, and a more, egalitarian distribution of wealth and income, you've had a polarization of wealth and income, you've had the wealthy people making money financially, and by real estate, and by rent seeking, and by creating monopolies, but not by building factories, not by producing goods and services. And that is why the economy's polarizing, and so many people are unhappy with their conditions. Now, they're going further and further into debt and their student debt. Instead of education here being a public utility that's provided freely, it's become privatised at NYU, it's now $50,000 or $60,000 a year. There is no way in which the United States can compete industrially with other countries when they've loaded down new entrants into the labor force with huge housing costs, student debt, huge taxes have been shifted off the 1% onto the 99%. So in the United States, finance capitalism basically is self-terminating. It leads to a polarised economy, it leads to austerity. And it leaves countries looking like Greece looked after 2015, after its debt crisis, it looks like Argentina is trying to struggle to pay its foreign debts. And that seems to be the future in which the US and Europe are moving towards.Julian Vigo: I posted on my Facebook wall about this about maybe five weeks ago, that the rentier class, I'm not just including the likes of Blackstone, but the middle class that are multiple home dwellers. I noted that during the lockdown, I was reading through accounts on social media of people who were being threatened by landlords, landlords, who actually had no mortgage to pay. And I had to wonder at that point, what is the input of the rentier class by the landowning class who are not necessarily part of the 1%. These are people who, as some of these people came on my wall and said, “I worked hard to buy my second and third houses!” And I thought, “Well, let me pull out my violins.” One thing that really alerted me during lockdown was the lack of sympathy for renters. And I don't just mean in the US, in fact, I think the US had a kinder response to renting in some sectors such as New York state where there has been—and still—is a massive pushback against any form of relaxation of rent forgiveness, since lockdown in the EU and Italy and France. It's appalling the kind of treatment that renters received here. I spoke to people in Bologna, who were doing a rent strike, but fearful of having their name mentioned. I ended up not being able to run the piece because of that. And there are so many people who don't have money to pay their rent in the EU, in the UK, and yet, we're somehow focusing oftentimes on these meta-critical analyses of the bigger corporations, the 1%. But where does the middle class fit into this, Michael, because I do have to wonder if maybe we should be heading towards the model I hold in my mind and heart is St. Ives in Cornwall, which about eight years ago set a moratorium saying no second homes in this city. Now, they didn't do it because of any allegiance to Marxism or socialism. They did it in part because of that, and because of a left-leaning politics, but mostly because they didn't want to have a ghost town that when the summer was over, you had very few people living in town. What are the answers to the rentier class that is also composed of people who consider themselves hard-working people who just want someone else to pay for their house, as one person on Twitter, put it.Michael Hudson: This is exactly the problem that is plaguing left wing politics, from Europe to America in the last fifty years.Julian Vigo: Exactly. It's astounding because there was a lot of debate on Twitter around last summer, when one woman wrote, I just did the math, I'm almost 29 years old, and I paid and she listed the amount in rent, I have just bought my landlord a second house. And people are adding it up that we are back to understanding. And I think in terms of the medieval period, remember in high school in the US when you study history, and you learn about feudalism, and the serfs coming in from far afield having to tend to the Masters terrain. And I think, are we heading back to a kind of feudalism under a new name? Because what's dividing those who can afford rents and those who can, it's not only your eligibility to receive a bank loan in this climate, which is quite toxic in London. I know many architects, lawyers, physicians who cannot get bank loans. Ironically, the bar is being raised so high that more and more people in London are moving on to the canal system—they're renting or buying narrowboats. The same is happening in other parts of the world where people are being barred out of home ownership for one reason or another and at the same time, there's a class of people often who got loans in a period when it was quite easy in the 80s and early 90s, let's say and they hold a certain control over who's paying—43% of income of Americans goes on housing. And as you know, in New York City that can be even higher. How can we arrive at a society where there's more equality between these haves and have-nots? Because it seems that the middle class is playing a role in this. They're trying to come off as being the hard-working schmoes, who have just earned their right to own their second or third homes, and then the others who will never have a foot on that ladder, especially given the crash?Michael Hudson: Well, I think you've put your finger on it. Most people think of economies being all about industry. But as you've just pointed out, for most people, the economy is real estate. And if you want to understand how modern economies work, you really should begin by looking at real estate, which is symbiotic with with banking, because as you pointed out that in a house is worth whatever a bank will lend. And in order to buy a house, unless you have an enormous amount of savings, which hardly anyone has, you'll borrow from a bank and buy the house. And the idea is to use the rent to pay the interest to the bank. And then you end up hoping late hoping with a capital gain, which is really land price gain. You borrow from the bank hoping that the Federal Reserve and the central bank or the Bank of England is going to inflate the economy and inflate asset prices and bank credit is going to push prices further and further up. As the rich get richer, they recycle the money in the banks and banks lend it to real estate. So, the more the economy is polarised between the 1% and the 99%, the more expensive houses get the more absentee landlords are able to buy the houses and outbid the homebuyers, who as you pointed out, can't get loans because they're already loaned up. If they can't get loans in England to buy a house, it's because they already owe so much money for other things. In America, it would be because they own student debt or because they own other bank loans, and they're all loaned up. So the key is people are being squeezed more than anywhere else on housing. In America, it rents care too and on related sort of monopoly goods that yield rent. Now the problem is why isn't this at the centre of politics?Is it because— and it's ironic that although most people in every country, Europe and America are still homeowners, or so they only own their own home—they would like to be rocky as a miniature? They would like to live like the billionaires live off the rents. They would like to be able to have enough money without working to get a free lunch and the economy of getting a free lunch. And so somehow, they don't vote for what's good for the wage earners. They vote for well, if I were to get richer, then I would want to own a house and I would want to get rent. So I'm going to vote in favour of the landlord class. I'm going to vote in favour of banks lending money to increase housing prices. Because I'd like to borrow money from a bank to get on this treadmill, that's going to be an automatic free lunch. Now, I not only get rent, but I'll get the rising price of the houses that prices continue to rise. So somehow, the idea of class interest, they don't think of themselves as wave generators, they think of themselves as somehow wouldn't be rentiers in miniature without reaising that you can't do it in miniature. You really have to have an enormous amount of money to be successful rentier.So no class consciousness means that the large real estate owners, the big corporations like Blackstone, that own huge amounts can sort of trot out a strapped, homeowner and individual, and they will sort of hide behind it and say, “Look at this, poor family, they use their money to buy a house, the sort of rise in the world, and now the tenants have COVID, and they can't pay the rent. Let's not bail out these, these landlords.” So even though they're not getting rent, we have to aid them. And think of them as little people, but they're not little people. They're a trillion dollar, money managers. They're huge companies that are taking over. And people somehow personify the billionaires and the trillion dollar real estate management companies as being small people just like themselves. There's a confusion about the economic identity.Julian Vigo: Well, certainly in the United States, we are known to have what's called the “American dream.” And it's, it's quite interesting when you start to analyse what that dream has morphed into, from the 1960s to the present, and I even think through popular culture. Remember Alexis, in Dynasty, this was the go-to model for success. So we've got this idea that the super rich are Dallas and Dynasty in the 80s. But 20 years after that, we were facing economic downfalls. We had American graduates having to go to graduate school because they couldn't get a job as anything but a barista. And the model of getting scholarships or fellowships, any kind of bursary to do the Masters and PhD. When I was doing my graduate work, I was lucky enough to have this, but that was quickly disappearing. A lot of my colleagues didn't have it. And I imagine when you went to school, most of your colleagues had it. And today, and in recent years, when I was teaching in academia, most of my students doing advanced degrees had zero funding. So, we've got on the one hand, the student debt, hamster wheel rolling, we have what is, to me one of the biggest human rights issues of the domestic sphere in countries like the US or Great Britain, frankly, everywhere is the ability to live without having to be exploited for the payment of rent. And then we have this class of people, whether they're Blackstone, and huge corporations, making billions, or the middle class saying, “But I'm just living out the American dream.” How do we square the “American dream,” and an era where class consciousness is more invisible than ever has it been?Michael Hudson: I think the only way you can explain that is to show how different life was back in the 1960s, 1950s. When I went to school, and the college, NYU cost $500 a semester, instead of 50,000, that the price of college has gone up 100 times since I went to college—100 times. I rented a house in a block from NYU at $35 a month on Sullivan Street. And now that same small apartment would go for 100 times that much, $3,500 a month, which is a little below the average rent in Manhattan these days. So, you've had these enormous increases in the cost of getting an education, they cost of rent, and in a society where housing was a public utility, and education was a public utility, education would be provided freely. If the economy wanted to keep down housing prices, as they do in China for instance, then you would be able to work if the kind of wages that Americans are paid today and be able to save. The ideal of China or countries that want to compete industrially is to lower the cost of living so that you don't have to pay a very high wages to cover the inflated cost of housing, the cost of education.If you privatise education in America, and if you increase the housing prices, then either you're going to have to pay labor, much higher rates that will price it out of world markets, at least for industrial goods, or you'll have to squeeze budgets. So yes, people can pay for housing, and education, but they're not going to buy the goods and services they produce. And so and that's one of the reasons why America is not producing industrial manufacturers. It's importing it all abroad. So the result of this finance capitalism that we have the result of the rent squeeze, that you depict, and the result of voters not realising that this is economic suicide for them is that the economy is shrinking and leaving people basically out in the street. And of course, all of this is exacerbated by the COVID crisis right now. Where, right now you have, especially in New York City, many people are laid off, as in Europe, they're not getting an income. Well, if your job has been closed down as a result of COVID, in Germany, for instance, you're still given something like 80% of your normal salary, because they realise that they have to keep you solvent and living. In the United States, there's been a moratorium on rents, they realise that, well, if you've lost your job, you can't pay the rent. There's a moratorium on evictions, there's a moratorium on bank foreclosures on landlords that can't pay their mortgage to the bank, because their tenants are not paying rent. All of that is going to expire in February, that’s just in a few months.  So they're saying, “OK, in New York City, 50,000 tenants are going to be thrown out onto the street, thousands of homes are going to be foreclosed on.” All over the country, millions of Americans are going to be subject now to be evicted. You can see all of the Wall Street companies are raising private capital funds to say, “We're going to be waiting for all this housing to come onto the market. We're going to be waiting for all of these renovations to take place. We're going to swoop in and pick it up.” This is going to be the big grab bag that is going to shape the whole coming generation and do to America really what Margaret Thatcher did to England when she got rid of—when she shifted from housing, the council housing that you mentioned, was about half the population now dow to about 1/10 of the population today.Julian Vigo: This is what I wonder is not being circulated within the media more frequently. We know that major media is not...[laughts] They like to call themselves left-of-centre but they're neoliberal which I don't look at anything in the liberal, the neoliberal sphere, as “left.” I look at it as a sort of strain of conservatism, frankly. But when you were speaking about paying $35 a month for an apartment on Sullivan Street, get me a time machine! What year was that? Michael?Michael Hudson: That was 1962.Julian Vigo: 1962 And roughly, the minimum wage in New York was just over $1 an hour if I'm not mistaken.Michael Hudson: I don't remember. I was making I think my first job on Wall Street was 50 to $100. A year $100 a week.Julian Vigo: So yes, I looked it up because I was curious when you said 100 times certainly we see that. If the tuition at New York when and New York University when I left was $50,000 a year you were paying $500 a semester. This is incredible inflation.Michael Hudson: And I took out a student loan from the state because I wanted to buy economic books. I was studying the history of economic thought and so I borrowed, you know, I was able to take out a loan that I repaid in three years as I sort of moved up the ladder and got better paying jobs. But that was the Golden Age, the 1960s because in that generation there was the baby boom that just came online. There were jobs for everybody. There was a labor shortage. And everybody was trying to hire—anyone could get a job. I got to New York and I had $15 in my pocket in 1960. I'd shared a ride with someone, [I] didn't know what to do. We stayed in a sort of fleabag hotel on Bleecker Street that was torn down by the time you got there. But I,  took a walk around and who should I run into that Gerde's Folk City, but a friend of mine had stayed at my house in Chicago once and he let me stay at his apartment for a few weeks till I can look around, find a place to live and got the place for $35 a month,Julian Vigo: When there was that debate on Twitter—there were many debates actually about renting on Twitter—and there were a few landlords who took to Twitter angry that they learned that their renters had received subsidies in various countries to pay their rent. And instead of paying their rent, the people use this to up and buy a downpayment on a home. And they got very upset. And there was a bit of shadow on Friday there with people saying, “Well, it's exactly what you've done.” And I find this quite fascinating, because I've always said that the age of COVID has made a huge Xray of our society economically speaking. And it's also telling to me that in countries that I would assume to be more socialist leaning, if not socialist absolutely, in the EU, we saw very few movements against rent. Very few people or groups were calling for a moratorium on rent. It's ironic, but it was in the US where we saw more moratoria happen. What is happening where—and this reaches to larger issues, even outside of your specialty of economics and finance—but why on earth has it come to be that the left is looking a lot more like the right? And, don't shoot me, but you know, I've been watching some of Tucker Carlson over the past few years, someone who I could not stand after 9/11. And he has had more concern and more investigations of the poor and the working class than MSBC or Rachel Maddow in the biggest of hissy fits. What is going on politically that the valences of economic concern are shifting—and radically so?Michael Hudson: Well, the political situation in America is very different from every other country. In the Democratic Party, in order to run for a position, you have to spend most of your time raising money, and the party will support whatever candidates can raise the most money. And whoever raises the largest amount of money gets to be head of a congressional committee dealing with whatever it is their campaign donors give. So basically, the nomination of candidates in the United States, certainly in the Democratic Party, is based on how much money you can raise to finance your election campaign, because you're supposed to turn half of what you raised over to the party apparatus. Well, if you have to run for an office, and someone explained to me in in the sixties, if I wanted to go into politics, I had to find someone to back up my campaign. And they said, “Well, you have to go to the oil industry or the tobacco industry.”And you go to these people and say, “Will you back my campaign?” And they say, Well, sure, what's your position going to be on on smoking on oil and the the tax position on oil, go to the real estate interest, because all local politics and basically real estate promotion projects run by the local landlords and you go to the real estate people and you say, “Okay, I'm going to make sure that we have public improvements that will make your land more valuable, but you won't have to pay taxes on them.” So, if you have people running for office, proportional to the money they can make by the special interests, that means that all the politicians here are representing the special interests that pay them and their job as politicians is to deliver a constituency to their campaign contributors. And so the campaign contributors are going to say, “Well, here's somebody who could make it appear as if they're supporting their particular constituency.” And so ever since the 60s, certainly in America, the parties divided Americans into Irish Americans, Italian Americans, black Americans, Hispanic Americans. They will have all sorts of identity politics that they will run politicians on. But there's one identity that they don't have—and that's the identity of being a wage earner. That's the common identity that all these hyphenated Americans have in common. They all have to work for a living and get wages, they're all subject to, they have to get housing, they have to get more and more bank credit, if they want to buy housing so that all of the added income they get is paid to the banks as mortgage interest to get a home that used to be much less expensive for them. So basically, all of the increase in national income ends up being paid to the campaign contributors, the real estate contributors, the oil industry, the tobacco industry, the pharmaceuticals industry, that back the politicians. And essentially, you have politics for sale in the United States. So we're really not in a democracy anymore—we're in an oligarchy. And people don't realise that without changing this, this consciousness, you're not going to have anything like the left-wing party.And so you have most Americans out wanting to be friendly with other Americans, you know, why can't everybody just compromise and be in the centre? Well, there's no such thing as a centrist. Because you'll have an economy that's polarising, you have the 1% getting richer and richer and richer by getting the 99% further and further in debt. So the 99% are getting poorer and poor after paying their debts. And to be in the centre to say, and to be say, only changes should be marginal, that means—a centrist is someone who lets this continue. With that we're not going to make a structural change, that's radical, we're not going to change the dynamic that is polarising the economy, between creditors at the top and debtors is at the bottom, between landlords at the top and renters at the bottom between monopolists and the top and the consumers who have to pay monopoly prices for pharmaceuticals, for cable TV, for almost everything they get. And none of this is taught in the economics courses. Because you take an  economics course, they say, “There's no such thing as unearned income. Everybody earns whatever they can get.” And the American consciousness is shaped by this failure to distinguish between earned income and unearned income and a failure to see that dynamic is impoverishing them. It's like the proverbial frog that's been boiled slowly in water. So, with this false consciousness people have—if only they can save enough and borrow from a bank—they can become a rentier in Miniature. They're just tricked into a false dream.Intermission: You're listening to savage minds, and we hope you're enjoying the show. Please consider subscribing. We don't accept any money from corporate or commercial sponsors. And we depend upon listeners and readers just like you. Now back to our show.Julian Vigo: I don't know if you saw the movie called Queen of Versailles. It was about this very bizarre effort to construct a very ugly Las Vegas-style type of Versailles by a couple that was economically failing. And it spoke to me a lot about the failings of the quote unquote, “American dream.” And I don't mean that dream, per se. I mean, the aspiration to have the dream, because that is, as you just pointed out, unearned income, that is the elephant in the room. And it almost seems to be the elephant maybe to keep using that metaphor, that the blind Sufi tale: everyone's feeling a different part of it, but no one is naming it. And I find this really shocking, that we can't speak of unearned income and look at the differences as to which country's tax inheritance and which do not—this idea that one is entitled to wealth. Meanwhile, a lot of US institutions are academically, now formally, being captured by the identity lobbies and there are many lobbies out there—it's a gift to them. They don't have to work on the minimum wage, they don't have to work on public housing, they don't have to work on housing.They can just worry about, “Do we have enough pronoun badges printed out?” And I find this really daunting as someone who is firmly of the left and who has seen some kind of recognition have this problem bizarrely, from the right. We seem to have a blind spot where we're more caught up in how people see us, rather than the material reality upon which unearned and earned income is based. Why is it that today people are living far worse than their grandparents and parents especially?Michael Hudson: Well, I think we've been talking about that, because they have to pay expenses as their parents and grandparents didn't have to pay, they have to pay much higher rent. Everybody used to be able to afford to buy a house, that was the definition of “middle class” in America was to be a homeowner. And when I was growing up in the 50s and 60s, everybody on the salary they were getting could afford to buy their house. And that's why so many people bought the houses with working class sell rates. As I told you, I was getting $100 a week. At least if you were quiet you could do it. If you were black, you couldn't do it. The blacks were redlined. But the white people could buy the houses. And that's why today, the white population has so much more wealth than the black population, because the white families would leave the house to the children and housing prices have gone up 100 times. And because they've gone up 100 times, this is endowed with a whole white hereditary class of kids whose family own their own homes, send them to schools. But America was redlined. Now Chicago was redlined, blacks were redlined. In New York City, the banks would not lend money to black neighbourhoods or to black borrowers. I was at Chase Manhattan and they made it very clear: they will not make a loan to a mortgage if they're black people living in my block. And they told me that when I was on Second Street and Avenue B. I won't repeat the epithet racist epithets they used. But what has caused the racial disparity today is what we've been talking about: the fact that whites could buy their own homes, blacks could not.And the reason I'm bringing this up is that if—we're working toward a society where white people are now going to be reduced to the position that black people are in today: of not having their own homes, of not being able to get bank credit. One friend of mine at the Hudson Institute, a black economist, wanted to—we were thinking of cowriting a book, The Blackening of America. The state of, well, the future of the whites, is to become blacks if you don't solve this situation. And I've been unable to convince many black leaders about reparations—that the reparations, very hard to get reparations for slavery, which was to their grandparents, their reparations are due to the blacks today who do not have housing, their own homes, because of the redlining that they have been experiencing right down to today.So, you have this, you do have a separation in this country. But this is not the kind of hyphenated politics that the politicians talk about. Not even the black politicians, the fact that if you're going to hyphenated American, how did this hyphenisation affect the real opportunities for real estate, for homeownership, for education, and all of these other things. I think maybe if people begin to think as to how there is a convergence of what was diverging before—now you're having the middle class pushed down into its real identity which was a dependent wage-earning class all along—you're going to have a change of consciousness. But we're still not to that. People don't realise this difference.And at the top of the pyramid, at New York University, for instance, where we both went to school, I have professor friends there and there was recently an argument about getting more salaries for professors, because they're hiring adjunct professors at very low prices instead of appointing them full time. And one professor turned to my friend and said, “They’re treating us like wage earners.” And my friend said, “Yes, you are a wage earner. You’re dependent on the wage you get from New York University.” And he said, “But I’m a professor,” as if somehow being a professor doesn't mean that you're not a wage earner, you're not dependent on salary, you're not being exploited by your employer who's in it to make money at your expense.Julian Vigo: Oh, absolutely. We've got the push from NYU in the 1990s by adjunct professors to get health insurance, and to have a certain modicum of earnings that would allow them to pay rent in an extremely expensive city. I find it amazing how many of my students at the time had no idea how much I was being exploited at the time, I was at lunch after the graduation of two of my students, they invited me to lunch, and they were having a discussion about how well we must be paid. And I laughed. I didn't go into the details of my salary. But later in later years, they came to understand from other sources, how exploitation functions within the university where they were paying almost quarter of a million to go to school, and graduate school, and so forth. So it's quite shocking that even though we have the internet and all the information is there, anyone can see precisely how much NYU or Columbia cost today, or how much the cost of living is, as opposed to 1961, for instance, that people are still not putting together that when you have housing, that is like income. For most of us, if housing is affordable, the way one lives, the efficiency to live, the ease, the mental health, and physical health improves. And it's fascinating to me that during lockdown, people were told, just to bite the bullet, stay inside, and how many publications, how much of the media went out to discover the many people being locked down in extremely small hovels? Multiple families living in three bedroom houses, even smaller. And I just kept thinking throughout these past 20 months or so that the media has become complicit in everything you've discussed, we've seen an extra tack added on where the media is another arm of industry and the 1% they are able sell lockdown stories: stars singing, Spaniards singing, accordionists from Neapolitan balconies, everyone's happy. But that was a lie. And that was a lie being sold conveniently.I regularly post stories from CNN, where their recent yacht story—they love yachts—their recent yacht story from about five or six days ago was how the super-rich are “saving” the world's ecology. And it was a paid advertisement of a very expensive yacht that uses nuclear power, what you and I hope: that all the rich people are running around with little mini nuclear reactors on the seas. And I keep thinking: what has happened that you mentioned campaign financing? Remember what happened to Hillary Clinton when she suggested campaign finance reform? That went over like a lead balloon. And then we've got CNN, Forbes, all these major publications that run paid sponsored news articles as news. It's all paid for, they legally have to see it as but you have to find the fine print. And we're being sold the 1% as the class that's going to save the planet with this very bizarre looking yacht with a big ball on it. And another another CNN article about yacht owners was about how it's hard for them to pay for maintenance or something and  we're pulling out our tiny violins.And I keep wondering, why is the media pushing on this? We can see where MSNBC and CNN and USA today are heading in a lot of their coverage over class issues. They would much rather cover Felicity Huffman, and all those other stars’ children's cheating to get into a California University scandal which is itself its own scandal, of course. That gets so covered, but you rarely see class issues in any of these publications unless it refers to the favelas of Brazil or the shanty towns of Delhi. So, we're sold: poverty isn't here, it's over there. And over here, mask mandates, lock up, shut your doors stay inside do your part clap for the cares and class has been cleared. Cut out. Even in the UK, where class consciousness has a much more deeply ingrained fermentation, let's say within the culture, it's gone. Now the BBC. Similarly, nightly videos at the initial part of lockdown with people clapping for the cares. Little was said about the salaries that some of these carriers were getting, I don't mean just junior doctors there, but the people who are cleaning the hallways. So, our attention has been pushed by the media away from class, not just the politicians doing the dirty work, or not just the nasty finance campaign funding that is well known in the US. What are some of the responses to this, Michael, that we might advance some solutions here? Because my worry, as a person living on this planet is enough is enough: Why can't we just try a new system? Is it that the fall of the Berlin Wall left a permanent divide in terms of what we can experiment with? Or is there something else at play?Michael Hudson: Well, recently, Ukraine passed a law about oligarchs, and they define an oligarchy as not only owning a big company, but also owning one of the big media outlets. And the oligarchy in every country owns the media. So, of course, CNN, and The New York Times and The Washington Post, are owned by the billionaire class representing the real estate interests and the rentier interests. They're essentially the indoctrination agencies. And so of course, in the media, what you get is a combination of a fantasy world and Schadenfreude—Schadenfreude, when something goes wrong with people you don't like, like the scandal. But apart from that, it's promoting a fantasy, about a kind of parallel universe about how a nice world would work, if everybody earned the money that they had, and the wealth they had by being productive and helping society. All of a sudden, that's reversed and [they] say, “Well, they made a lot of fortune, they must have made it by being productive and helping society.” So, everybody deserves the celebrity, deserves the wealth they have. And if you don't have wealth, you're undeserving and you haven't made a productivity contribution. And all you need is to be more educated, managerial and intelligent, and you can do it. And it doesn't have anything to do with intelligence. As soon as you inherit a lot of money, your intelligence, your IQ drops 10%. As soon as you don't have to work for a living and just clip coupons, you write us down another 30%. The stupidest people I've met in my life are millionaires who don't want to think about how they get their money. They just, they're just greedy. And I was told 50 years ago, “You don't need to go to business school to learn how to do business. All you need is greed.” So what are all these business schools for? All they're doing is saying greed is good and giving you a patter talk to say, “Well, yeah, sure, I'm greedy. But that's why I'm productive.” And somehow they conflate all of these ideas.So, you have the media, and the educational system, all sort of combined into a fantasy, a fantasy world that is to displace your own consciousness about what's happening right around you. The idea of the media is that you don't look at your own position, you imagine other people's position in another world and see that you're somehow left out. So, you can say that the working class in America are very much like the teenage girls using Facebook, who use it and they have a bad self image once they use Facebook and think everybody else is doing better. That's the story in Congress this week. Well, you can say that the whole wage earning class once they actually see how awful the situation is they think, “Well, gee, other people are getting rich. Other people have yard spots, why don't I have my own house? Why am I struggling?” And they think that they're only struggling alone, and that everybody else is somehow surviving when other people are struggling just the way they are. That's what we call losing class consciousness.Julian Vigo: Yes, well, we're back to Crystal and Alexis wrestling and Dynasty’s fountain. Everyone wants to be like them. Everyone wants a car. You know, I'll never forget when I lived in Mexico City. One of the first things I learned when you jumped into one of those taxis were Volkswagen beetles,  Mexicans would call their driver “Jaime.” And I said to them, why are you guys calling the taxi drivers here “Jaime”? And they said, “We get it from you.” And I said, “What do you mean you get it from us? We don't call our taxi drivers Jaime.”And then I thought and I paused, I said,  “James!” Remember the Grey Poupon commercials? That's what we do—we have James as the driver in a lot of these films that we produced in the 1970s and 80s. And the idea became co-opted within Mexico as if everyone has a British driver named James.Now, what we have turned into from this serialised, filmic version of ourselves to the present is dystopic. Again, you talked about the percentage of rent that people are paying in the US, the way in which people are living quite worse than their parents. And this is related to student debt, bank debt, credit card debt, we've had scandals directly related to the housing market. We saw that when there were people to be bailed out, they had to be of the wealthy class and companies to be bailed out. There was no bailout for the poor, of course. I was in London during the Occupy Wall Street. In London, it was “occupy the London Stock Exchange” (Occupy LSX) right outside of not even the London Stock Exchange. It was outside of St. Paul's Cathedral. And there was a tent city, and people were fighting ideological warfare from within their tents. There wasn't much organising on the ground. It was disassembled months later. But I wonder why Americans, even with what is called Obamacare, are still not pushing for further measures, why Hillary Clinton's push for or suggestion merely of finance reform within the campaigning system, all of this has sort of been pushed aside.Are there actors who are able to advance these issues within our current political system in the United States? Or will it take people getting on the streets protesting, to get housing lowered to maybe have national rent controls, not just of the form that we have in New York, which, before I got to New York in the late 80s, everyone was telling me how great rent control was. Now it's all but disappeared? What is the answer? Is it the expropriation of houses? Is it the Cornwall style, no owning more than one house type of moratorium on homeownership? What are the solutions to this, Michael?Michael Hudson: There is no practical solution that I can suggest. Because the, you're not going to have universal medical care, as long as you have the pharmaceuticals. funding the campaign's of the leading politicians, as long as you have a political system that is funded by campaign contributors, you're going to have the wealthiest classes, and decide who gets nominated and who gets promoted. So, I don't see any line of reform, given the dysfunctional political system that the United States is in. If this were Europe, we could have a third party. And if we had an actual third party, the democratic party would sort of be like the social democratic parties in Europe, it would fall about 8% of the electorate, and a third party would completely take over. But in America, it's a two-party system, which is really one party with different constituencies for each wing of that party, and that one party, the same campaign contributors funds, both the Republicans and the Democrats. So it's possible that you can think of America as a failed state, as a failed economy. I don't see any means of practical going forward, just as you're seeing in the Congress today, when they're unwilling to pass an infrastructure act, there's a paralysis of change. I don't see any way in which a structural change can take place. And if you're having the dynamics that are polarising, only a structural change can reverse this trend. And nobody that I know, no politician that I know, sees any way of the trends being reversed.Julian Vigo: The funny thing is that scandal, quote-unquote, scandal over Ocasio Cortez's dress at the Met Gala was quite performative to me. It's typical that the media does. “Tax the rich,” as she sits at a function that I believe cost $35,000 to enter. And she socialised the entire night even if she allegedly did not pay either for her dress nor for the entrance. And I'm thinking, isn't this part of the problem: that we have so much of our socio-cultural discourse wrapped up in politics in the same way that Clinton's suggestion that campaign finance reform disappeared quite quickly? Is there any hope of getting campaign finance reform passed in the States?Michael Hudson: No. Because if you had campaign finance reform, that's how the wealthy people control politics. If you didn't, if you didn't have the wealthy, wealthy people deciding who gets nominated, you would have people get nominated by who wanted to do what the public ones, Bernie Sanders says, “Look, most of them are all the polls show that what democracy, if this were a democracy, we would have socialised medicine, we'd have public health care, we would have free education, we would have progressive taxation.” And yet no party is representing what the bulk of people have. So by definition, we're not a democracy. We're an oligarchy, and the oligarchy controls. I mean, you could say that the media play the role today that the church and religion played in the past to divert attention away from worldly issues towards other worldly issues. That's part of the problem.But not only the pharmaceutical industries are against public health care, but the whole corporate sector, the employer sector, are against socialised medicine, because right now workers are dependent for their health insurance on their employers. That means Alan Greenspan, the Federal Reserve Chairman said, this is causing a traumatised workers syndrome, the workers are afraid to quit, they're afraid to go on strike. They're afraid of getting fired because if they get fired, first of all, if they're a homeowner they lose their home because they can't pay their mortgage, but most importantly, they lose their health care. And if they get sick, it wipes them out. And they go broke and they lose their home and all the assets.Making workers depend on the employer, instead of on the government means you're locked into their job. They have to work for a living for an employer, just in order to survive in terms of health care alone. So the idea of the system is to degrade a dependent, wage-earning class and keeping privatising health care, privatising education, and moving towards absentee landlordship is the way to traumatise and keep a population on the road to serfdom. Get full access to Savage Minds at savageminds.substack.com/subscribe

At the end of the First World War France and Italy had wanted the German High Seas Fleet divided between them, Britain and the USA wanted it scuttled, which Germany did anyway without permission. The resulting Treaty of Versailles imposed strict limits on size and number of warships the newly constituted German government was allowed to build and maintain. This nullified the threat of Germany at sea. Dur: 14mins File: .mp3

The Ghosts of Versailles is an opera in two acts, with music by John Corigliano to an English libretto by William M. Hoffman. The Metropolitan Opera had commissioned the work from Corigliano in 1980 in celebration of its 100th anniversary, with the premiere scheduled for 1983. Corigliano and Hoffman took as the starting point for the opera the 1792 play La Mère coupable (The Guilty Mother) by Pierre Beaumarchais. They took seven years to complete the opera, past the initial deadline. The opera received its premiere on December 19, 1991, at the Metropolitan Opera, with the production directed by Colin Graham. The premiere run of seven performances was sold out.Purchase the music (without talk) at:http://www.classicalsavings.com/store/p1402/Corigliano%3A_The_Ghosts_of_Versailles.htmlYour purchase helps to support our show! Classical Music Discoveries is sponsored by La Musica International Chamber Music Festival and Uber. @khedgecock#ClassicalMusicDiscoveries #KeepClassicalMusicAlive#LaMusicaFestival #CMDGrandOperaCompanyofVenice #CMDParisPhilharmonicinOrléans#CMDGermanOperaCompanyofBerlin#CMDGrandOperaCompanyofBarcelonaSpain#ClassicalMusicLivesOn#Uber Please consider supporting our show, thank you!http://www.classicalsavings.com/donate.html staff@classicalmusicdiscoveries.com

The ‘Women's March' of 1789 began spontaneously, when a market trader banged a drum in a Parisian square on 5th October - launching a chain of events which would eventually end a century of Versailles rule and lead to the execution of Louis XVI.Initially a reaction to the grain shortage that had left Parisians hungry as the aristocracy indulged in luxuries, the protest soon morphed into an angry mob demanding everything from the relocation of the monarchy to the murder of Marie Antoinette.In this episode, Arion, Rebecca and Olly ask why the protestors reportedly fainted at the King's feet once granted an audience with him; review some of the bizarre weaponry mobilised by the mob; and learn that the French Revolution happened a lot more slowly than you probably think it did… Further Reading:• ‘A History of the Women's March on Versailles' (ThoughtCo, 2019): https://www.thoughtco.com/womens-march-on-versailles-3529107• ‘How Bread Shortages Helped Ignite The French Revolution' (HISTORY): https://www.history.com/news/bread-french-revolution-marie-antoinette#:~:text=The%20Bread%20Famine%20in%2018th%2Dcentury%20France.&text=It%20didn't%20work.,a%20little%20over%20three%20weeks• ‘What It Was Like To Live At Versailles' (Weird History, 2019): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qrKysG9aiicFor bonus material and to support the show, visit Patreon.com/RetrospectorsWe'll be back tomorrow! Follow us wherever you get your podcasts: podfollow.com/RetrospectorsThe Retrospectors are Olly Mann, Rebecca Messina & Arion McNicoll, with Matt Hill.Theme Music: Pass The Peas. Announcer: Bob Ravelli. Graphic Design: Terry Saunders. Edit Producer: Emma Corsham.Copyright: Rethink Audio / Olly Mann 2021. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Depuis lundi, nous sommes en promenade à Versailles avec Lorena. Lundi, nous avons traversé les jardins, mercredi, alors que nous étions en direction du Domaine de Trianon, le domaine de la Reine Marie-Antoinette, nous avons commencé à évoquer le mystère de l'homme au masque de fer. Un prisonnier dont seuls le Roi Louis XIV et quelques personnes connaissaient l'identité. Une hypothèse sur son identité est celle d'un frère jumeau du Roi. C'est l'hypothèse de Voltaire qui a été le premier à parler de cette affaire au grand jour, près d'un demi-siècle plus tard. Mais y a-t-il eu d'autres hypothèses sur ce mystérieux prisonnier qui a intrigué Louis XVI et Napoléon ?  La suite du texte est dans le TRANSCRIPT, abonnez-vous! http://bit.ly/OneThingTranscripts  

Cette semaine, nous sommes en plein mois d'août, en balade à Versailles, avec Lorena. Après avoir traversé les jardins nos pas nous mènent vers domaine de Trianon. La promenade est propice à la discussion. Quoi de mieux qu'un mystère pour nous accompagner ? La suite du texte est dans le TRANSCRIPT, abonnez-vous! http://bit.ly/OneThingTranscripts  

Professor David Stevenson answers listener questions on the 1919-20 conference that sought to resolve the aftermath of the First World War In the latest episode in our series on history's biggest topics, Professor David Stevenson explores the 1919–20 conference that sought to resolve the aftermath of the First World War, and whose legacy has been fiercely debated ever since. Was the resulting Treaty of Versailles too harsh on Germany? Did the peacemakers create lasting problems in the Middle East? And what effect did the Spanish Flu have on proceedings? See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.