Podcast appearances and mentions of martha crenshaw

On the latest episode of the podcast, Erin speaks with Martha Crenshaw, Ph.D., NCITE researcher and professor emerita from Stanford University, to discuss the Syrian rebel group Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) and what a post-Assad Syria may look like. Drawing from a career spanning over five decades, Crenshaw speaks on the origins of HTS, their navigation of internal and regional power dynamics, and how their designation as a terrorist organization by the U.S. and others will affect diplomacy.

Erin sits down with Martha Crenshaw, Ph.D., NCITE researcher and professor emerita from Stanford University, to discuss Lebanese terrorist organization Hezbollah, covering its conflict with Israel, its ties to Iran, and recent developments in the Middle East. 

References Umberto Berlenghini, "Elio Massagrande, il gaucho," Spazio70, https://spazio70.com/estero/esfiltrati-italiani/elio-massagrande-il-gaucho/ Giovanni Bianconi, Ragazzi di malavita - Fatti e misfatti della Banda della Magliana, Milano: Baldini + Castoldi, 2013. Pino Casamassima, Gli irriducibili. Storie di brigatisti mai pentiti. Bari: Laterza, 2012. Dispatch, "Italian top official of NGO at centre of EU Qatar scandal is convicted terrorist," December 17, 2022, https://cde.news/italian-top-official-of-ngo-at-centre-of-eu-qatar-scandal-is-convicted-terrorist/ Enrico Fenzi, Armi e bagagli. Un diario dalle Brigate Rosse. Genova: Costa & Nolan, 2006. Chicco Galmozzi, Figli dell'officina. Da Lotta continua a Prima linea: le origini e la nascita (1973-1976), Roma: DeriveApprodi, 2019. Carlo Ginzburg, "The Case of Adriano Sofri," London Review of Books 19: 7, April 1997, found at https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v19/n07/carlo-ginzburg/the-case-of-adriano-sofri Carlo Ginzburg, Il giudice e lo storico: Considerazioni in margine al processo Sofri. Roma: Quodlibet, 2020. Gemma Calabresi Milite, La crepa e la luce: Sulla strada del perdono. La mia storia. Milano: Mondadori, 2022. Donatella della Porta, "Left-Wing Terrorism in Italy," in Terrorism in Context, ed: Martha Crenshaw. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1996. Andrea Tanturli, Prima linea. L'altra lotta armata (1974-1981), vol. 1. Roma: DeriveApprodi, 2018. Steve Wright, "Cattivi Maestri: Some Reflections on the Legacy of Guido Bianchini, Luciano Ferrari Bravo and Primo Moroni," Libcom, January 4, 2008, https://libcom.org/article/cattivi-maestri-some-reflections-legacy-guido-bianchini-luciano-ferrari-bravo-and-primo

Gary LaFree is a Professor in the Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice and the Founding Director of the National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) at the University of Maryland. He is a past president of the American Society of Criminology and the 2024 recipient of the Stockholm Prize.  His research is on the causes and consequences of violent crime and terrorism.  His most recent books are The Handbook of the Criminology of Terrorism (with Josh Freilich), Countering Terrorism (with Martha Crenshaw), and Toward a Criminology of Terrorism. Special topics highlighted in this episode include the beginning of Gary's career, his contributions to criminology, and his thoughts on the discipline.

September 11th 2001, will always be remembered as an infamous date in US and global history. Twenty years ago, the world held its breath as the events in New York and Washington unfolded. The terrorist attacks perpetrated by Al-Qaeda that day were the bloodiest ever seen on American soil, launching the US Government's global "war on terror". The country increased the pressure and started military operations against terrorist groups, and states that were sheltering them, and significantly changed its policymaking with regards to national security.As part of this, the US intervened in Afghanistan and launched what became the longest sustained military campaign in US history,  ending only with the withdrawal of US troops and an almost instant return to power of the Taliban in August 2021.  In this episode, Lucinda Creighton is joined by Martha Crenshaw, a senior fellow at CISAC and FSI and a professor of political science by courtesy at Stanford to discuss the legacy of 9/11 and the war on terrorism 20 years later. 

In Episode 7 of Series 6 Todd is in conversation with Tom Parker, a prominent counterterrorism practitioner who has consulted for the EU, the UN, Amnesty International and MI5 on post-conflict justice, security sector reform, and counter-terrorism. He is author of a new book, Avoiding the Terrorist Trap: Why Respect for Human Rights is the Key to Defeating Terrorism and in this episode he and Todd are reflecting on the complex interplay between counter-terrorism and human rights in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. NB By using the link above and the following codes, you can enjoy a substantial discount on Tom's book  55% discount on the Hardback version using the code: P995PARKERHC 30% discount on the eBook version using the code: P995PARKEREB 0.00-03.43 Todd asks Tom about a view expressed in his book that there is no set profile of a terrorist. Tom says there have been many attempts to profile the type of individual who becomes a terrorist but that this does not work. Terrorists come from all backgrounds and walks of life, they are male/female and young/old. He mentions Mohamed Merah who shot and killed seven people in Toulouse and his brother who although from the same background and influences went on to marry a Jewish woman and get involved in inter-faith dialogue. Tom says there are a host of pressures from different sources that push people towards terrorism and that there are certain behaviours that can influence whether terrorism emerges in a particular society such as the marginalisation or abuse of people.  03.43-15.20 Todd asks Tom why he believes a human rights framework is so key to tackling terrorism.  Tom explains that while researching his book he looked closely at materials in which terrorists over 150 years and across continents shared information about their ‘cause' or activities. He outlines six core principles that emerge: Asymmetrical warfare Attrition Propaganda by deed Revolutionary prototype Provoking a reaction in the existing Government Undermine legitimacy of existing Government In the latter two, Tom believes a human rights framework is particularly key as it stops Governments falling into a trap of over-reaction. He mentions the activities of Baader Meinhoff in the late 60s through to the 1980s.   Todd asks Tom to say more about the idea that open societies are more vulnerable to terrorism and feel more pressure to create restrictive measures to prevent it. Tom says terrorism tends to happen in democracies rather than authoritarian societies. Terrorists are using violence often to open a political dialogue. Human rights law does not prevent states from taking action to protect themselves. Rather, Tom says, it is quite permissive with a range of options within a framework and he sees no reason to step outside that framework. He talks briefly about his own experiences in the 1990s as a security officer in the UK working within this framework. He sees no tension between effective counter-terrorism and human rights observance.  Todd presses Tom on the claim from some quarters that the perceived existential threat of terrorism leads states to curb freedoms and violate human rights. Tom references Mao Tse Tung's analogy of the War of the Flea and explains that it's the reaction to a perceived threat that is the actual threat. He talks about Al Qaeda and how in his view it never posed a real existential threat to the United States compared with other threats including COVID-19. He goes on to say that despite this, many of the laws passed as a result of 9/11 are still in force today. He says he is in favour of the system used in the UK during the Troubles in Northern Ireland when all anti-terrorism legislation was temporary and designed to restore the status quo and therefore reviewed, renewed where necessary and updated or changed regularly. This has been lost since 9/11 in the US, UK and Europe he adds. He also adds that this has been done in the context of new technical and highly intrusive advancements that did not exist 20 years ago and may be hard to dismantle.  15.20-23.30 The conversation moves to COVID-19 and whether it can be perceived as an existential threat and whether responses to it can be perceived as curbing human rights. Tom talks about ‘privilege' and how the threat seems larger in the West compared with Nigeria where he is currently based and where there are other as if not more serious public health threats such as malaria. International human rights law anticipates the curbing of public freedoms to protect public health so he says there isn't a threat per se to human rights from it as long as the curbs are lawful/ proportionate etc.  Todd presses Tom on public concerns around the measures used to tackle COVID-19 and how long they will continue to be left in place. Tom references the Iron Law of Bureaucracy, a concept in political science that an established democracy and its supportive state institutions have a tendency to enlarge and enhance themselves. He says we don't think enough about the length of time we may have to live with measures after a threat has passed. He mentions the shoe bomber Richard Reid and how we still take our shoes off at airports because one person tried unsuccessfully to smuggle a bomb onto a plane in his shoe. He points out that when something fails, terrorists tend to move onto different things. He points to the length of time it took for the so-called Ring of Steel around London established as a response to the threat posed by the IRA took many years to gradually dwindle because these things are hard to change back once they are in place. Tom talks briefly about the development of new technologies such as number plate and facial recognition and smart cities and the potential implications of that with free public space shrinking and the potential for these technologies to be exploited for nefarious purposes. 23.30-end Todd wonders if our attention will return to terrorism post COVID and if there are any learnings from the experience to help in tackling terrorism. Tom says public focus may have left terrorism but it hasn't gone away especially right-wing and Islamist extremism. He agrees that the pandemic has had a ‘slightly depressing' effect on terrorism and that the threats are likely to emerge as significant as they were pre-pandemic. Todd brings Tom back to the focus of his book to reflect once again on the central premise of the book that a human rights based approach to tackling terrorism is key. Tom agrees that counter-terrorism and public health are hard and that there will always be contention and disagreement. A human rights approach helps resist the goals that terrorist organisations are seeking to achieve. It is a more measured and careful way of tackling the problem. Further links and references A reminder that by using the link above and the following codes, you can enjoy a substantial discount on Tom's book:  55% discount on the Hardback version using the code: P995PARKERHC 30% discount on the eBook version using the code: P995PARKEREB Other links Martha Crenshaw (political scientist and prominent terrorism researcher)  

(2/25/21) “The problem the authorities faced on Jan. 6 was not an inability to respond, but failure to anticipate the threat,” Dr. Martha Crenshaw, senior fellow at Stanford University’s Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies wrote in her Feb. 10 op-ed for the New York Times entitled I’ve Studied Terrorism for Over 40 Years. Let’s Talk About What Comes Next. In this installment of Leonard Lopate on WBAI, Marth examines the ways the national security apparatus missed the mark on domestic terrorism and what can be done to disrupt the same kinds of white nationalist groups that were behind the Capitol riots.

In the first episode of Terrorism 360°, Dr. Gary LaFree, founding director of START, interviews Martha Crenshaw, an expert in terrorism studies and a senior fellow at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies and Center for International Security and Cooperation at Stanford. Dr. Crenshaw is also a esteemed writer, having edited countless works and authored three books, most recently Countering Terrorism co-authored by Dr. LaFree in 2017.

The Future of Everything with Russ Altman: "Martha Crenshaw: Fighting terrorism in the age of social media " A look at the evolution of extremism in the era of instantaneous global communication. Originally aired on Jun 2, 2018. Recorded at Stanford Video.

When Stanford's Martha Crenshaw, senior fellow at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies and an expert on terrorism, is asked if she thinks terrorism is evolving, growing more widespread, violent and shocking by the year, she has one response: It's complicated. She says that many of those trends are true, but they are driven both by the intense motivation of the terrorists and by their ability to broadcast images and messages across the world in a flash. This ability to communicate, she says, is both a tool to shock opponents and to recruit adherents. When combined, the result is a more-violent violence. The obvious question soon follows: How can we fight terrorism? Crenshaw says that it is unlikely that terrorism will ever end, but one path to reducing its influence lies in resolving many of the civil struggles that make it a compelling option for so many organizations throughout the world. Join host Russ Altman and terrorism expert Martha Crenshaw for a wide-ranging look at terrorism today, on The Future of Everything radio show from Stanford School of Engineering.

When jihadists get involved in civil wars, they push the conflict well beyond its original borders. Since 1990, the rate of jihadist involvement in civil conflict has jumped from 5% to 40%. What's changed? FSI senior fellow Martha Crenshaw, a counterterrorism expert, tells FSI director Michael McFaul how jihadism has grown in the last 30 years and how terrorism and civil wars affect each other. Crenshaw is one of eight FSI scholars confronting civil war threats with the "Civil Wars, Violence, and International Responses" project. Supported by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, FSI's Karl Eikenberry and Stephen D. Krasner gathered experts from around the world to talk about changing international policy to meet these new challenges. We will be speaking with each of the scholars about how civil wars are changing, how they might affect the rest of the world, and what we can do about it. To learn more about the project, check out the fall 2017 and winter 2018 issues of Daedalus, the journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the outreach projects Eikenberry and Krasner are embarking on around the world: www.amacad.org/content/Research/…ject.aspx?d=22262.

When jihadists get involved in civil wars, they push the conflict well beyond its original borders. Since 1990, the rate of jihadist involvement in civil conflict has jumped from 5% to 40%. What's changed? FSI senior fellow Martha Crenshaw, a counterterrorism expert, tells FSI director Michael McFaul how jihadism has grown in the last 30 years and how terrorism and civil wars affect each other. Crenshaw is one of eight FSI scholars confronting civil war threats with the "Civil Wars, Violence, and International Responses" project. Supported by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, FSI's Karl Eikenberry and Stephen D. Krasner gathered experts from around the world to talk about changing international policy to meet these new challenges. We will be speaking with each of the scholars about how civil wars are changing, how they might affect the rest of the world, and what we can do about it. To learn more about the project, check out the fall 2017 and winter 2018 issues of Daedalus, the journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the outreach projects Eikenberry and Krasner are embarking on around the world: www.amacad.org/content/Research/…ject.aspx?d=22262.

Victor Asal currently serves as Chair of the Department of Public Administration and an Associate Professor in the Department of Political Science. He received his PhD from the University of Maryland, College Park. He is also, along with R. Karl Rethemeyer, the co-director of the Project on Violent Conflict. Dr. Asal is affiliated with the National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START), a Department of Homeland Security Center of Excellence. Dr. Asal’s research focuses on the choice of violence by nonstate organizational actors as well as the causes of political discrimination by states against different groups such as sexual minorities, women and ethnic groups. In addition, Prof. Asal has done research on the impact of nuclear proliferation and on the pedagogy of simulations. Asal has been involved in research projects funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Defense Threat Reduction Agency, The Department of Homeland Security, The National Science Foundation, and The Office of Naval Research. Some research that influenced Victor's career. Martha Crenshaw (1981). The Causes of Terrorism. Mark Juergensmeyer (2003). Terror in the mind of God: The global rise of religious violence. Ted Robert Gurr (2000). People vs. states. Some of Victor's key research The nature of the beast: Organizational structures and the lethality of terrorist attacks. With R. Karl Rethemeyer (2008) Gender ideologies and forms of contentious mobilization in the Middle East. With Richard Legault, Ora Szeleky, and Jonathan Wilkenfeld (2013) A Shot Not Taken: Teaching About the Ethics of Political Violence 1, 2. With Marcus Schulzke (2012)

In this episode, Stanford University's Martha Crenshaw and I talk all about ISIS, its future, and the many surprises across the Middle East, from Saudi Arabia to Syria to US foreign policy.

The term "radicalization" has become linked to Islamic terrorism, but what does it really mean? Are all terrorists radicalized? How do people become terrorists, and how has terrorism changed since the Cold War? Terrorism expert Martha Crenshaw, Senior Fellow at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies (FSI) and Professor of Political Science, answers these questions and more, speaking with FSI Director Michael McFaul. To see how militant organizations have changed over time, view Mapping Militant Organizations at https://web.stanford.edu/group/mappingmilitants/cgi-bin/. To learn more about Professor Crenshaw's work on terrorism, check out her most recent book, Countering Terrorism, at http://cisac.fsi.stanford.edu/publication/countering-terrorism.

The term "radicalization" has become linked to Islamic terrorism, but what does it really mean? Are all terrorists radicalized? How do people become terrorists, and how has terrorism changed since the Cold War? Terrorism expert Martha Crenshaw, Senior Fellow at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies (FSI) and Professor of Political Science, answers these questions and more, speaking with FSI Director Michael McFaul. To see how militant organizations have changed over time, view Mapping Militant Organizations at https://web.stanford.edu/group/mappingmilitants/cgi-bin/. To learn more about Professor Crenshaw's work on terrorism, check out her most recent book, Countering Terrorism, at http://cisac.fsi.stanford.edu/publication/countering-terrorism.

How governments should respond to terror attacks: FSI senior fellow Martha Crenshaw and University of Maryland professor Gary LaFree discuss their new book, "Countering Terrorism."

How governments should respond to terror attacks: FSI senior fellow Martha Crenshaw and University of Maryland professor Gary LaFree discuss their new book, "Countering Terrorism."

In this week's Target USA, J.J. Green talks to Martha Crenshaw, Senior Fellow at the Center for International Security and Cooperation at Stanford University and co-author of the new book "Countering Terrorism." Crenshaw says part of the country's messaging problem is cumbersome U.S. bureaucracy, which is not agile enough to keep up with rapidly changing terrorist activity. She also says many American policy actions feed into the terrorist narrative that "the U.S. hates Muslims."

From the archives: In Oct 2016, foreign policy experts Michael McFaul, Amy Zegart, Abbas Milani, Martha Crenshaw and Larry Diamond discuss the challenges of 2017.

From the archives: In Oct 2016, foreign policy experts Michael McFaul, Amy Zegart, Abbas Milani, Martha Crenshaw and Larry Diamond discuss the challenges of 2017.

More at http://philosophytalk.org/shows/anatomy-terrorist. Since George W. Bush first declared a "war on terror," the US has been engaged in a global campaign to rid the world of terrorists. But what exactly is a “terrorist,” and how do we distinguish illicit terrorist organizations from legitimate freedom fighters? Do terrorists exhibit particular psychological patterns of behavior, or are there some tactics that only terrorists use? And what is the most effective way to combat terrorism – by waging war, engaging in "de-radicalization" processes, or some other means? John and Ken agree to negotiate with Stanford political scientist Martha Crenshaw, author of "Explaining Terrorism: Causes, Processes, and Consequences."