Iroquois History and Legends

Join Andrew as he channels his inner word-nerd and talks about how the vocabularies of Native languages influenced English. He also discuses the characteristics of the "Iroquoian Languages", what they are like and how people are striving to save them after hundreds of years of efforts to eradicate them. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

The first half of this episode is another Seneca story about a herd of buffalo (bison) and how you should choose who you follow carefully. In the second half of the episode Andrew shares a very short history of the American Bison. Sources: Skunny Wundy: Seneca Indian Tales by Arthur C. Parker Brown-Headed Cowbirds: From Buffalo Birds to Modern Scourge by Lisa Petit https://nationalzoo.si.edu/migratory-birds/news/brown-headed-cowbirds-buffalo-birds-modern-scourge American bison by the Smithsonian Institute https://nationalzoo.si.edu/animals/american-bison

As is tradition on April 1st we at IH&L post a short terrible episode to help you brighten your day.   www.theirishlassies.com  https://www.facebook.com/TheIrishLassies  

Known as the "Lilly of the Mohawks" Kateri was a Mohawk woman born in the mid 17th century. After being baptized by Jesuit missionaries she became a Christian that worked to incorporate her faith fully into her native culture. Three centuries after her death she was canonized as a Catholic Saint in 2012. This week we are joined by journalist Peter Jesser Smith as he unpacks her life and legacy. A Lily Among Thorns The Mohawk Repatriation of Káteri Tekahkwí:tha By Darren Bonaparte · 2009

Two more fun fables written by Arthur C. Parker (Gawaso Wanneh) (Seneca)

In our final episode in our Haudenosaunee in the Civil War series we take a look at how other individuals and communities made contributions to the war effort.  We will cover Dr. Peter Wilson (Cayuga), the U.S. - Dakota War of 1862 and the Oneida Nation of Green Bay, WI Notes: Federal Publishing Company. The Union Army A History of Military Affairs in the Loyal States 1861-65 — Records of the Regiments in the Union Army — Cyclopedia of Battles — Memoirs of Commanders and Soldiers Volumn VI Cyclopedia of Battles — Helena Road to Z. United States Army Reports. Federal Publishing Company, 1908. Gibson, Arrell Morgan. "Native Americans and the Civil War." American Indian Quarterly (Oct. 1985): 385–410. Hauptman, Laurence M. The Iroquois in the Civil War: From Battlefield to Reservation. Syracuse University Press, 1992. Horton, Russell. "Unwanted in a White Man's War: The Civil War Service of the Green Bay Tribes." The Wisconsin Magazine of History 2004: 18-27

Perry Ground is a member of the Onondaga Nation. He belongs to the Turtle Clan and has spent the past 30 years as an oral storyteller. Preforming and sharing traditional Haudenosaunee stories is his passion. Listen to why telling stories is an important part of every culture.  To have Perry come and visit your group you can contact him through his website at https://talkingturtlestories.com

Here is a short update on what you can expect from us in 2022. More interviews with members of the Six Nations. More traditional stories. Same great show made with love.

In 1862, after struggling for over a year to join the war effort dozen of men from the Seneca and Tuscarora nation were finally given a chance to showcase their prowess and courage.  Notes Armstrong, William H. Warrior in Two Camps: Ely S. Parker, Union General, and Seneca. Syracuse University Press, 1978. Federal Publishing Company. The Union Army A History of Military Affairs in the Loyal States 1861-65 — Records of the Regiments in the Union Army — Cyclopedia of Battles — Memoirs of Commanders and Soldiers Volumn VI Cyclopedia of Battles — Helena Road to Z. United States Army Reports.  Madison, Wisconsin: Federal Publishing Company, 1908. Gibson, Arrell Morgan. "Native Americans and the Civil War." American Indian Quarterly (Oct. 1985): 385–410. Hauptman, Laurence M “A Seneca Indian in the Union Army: The Civil War Letters of Sergeant Isaac Newton Parker”, 1861-1865” 1995 Hauptman, Laurence M. The Iroquois in the Civil War: From Battlefield to Reservation. Syracuse University Press, 1992. https://www.americanindianmagazine.org/story/army-logic-tuscarora-company-civil-war https://web.archive.org/web/20101224094712/http://civilwarreference.com/battles/detail.php?battlesID=1271 Images of America Tuscarora Nation Bryan Printup and Neiil Patterson Jr. Arcadia Publishing 2007

In 1861 a group of Seneca-Cayuga Iroquois who had relocated to Oklahoma in search of peace find themselves right in the middle of the American Civil War. Learn about the war in the west. This episode has everything, Cherokee Confederates fighting against Free Black Soldiers and Union allied Iroquois. Maurading desperados, tears, betrayals, death, and of course many battles. Notes: Armstrong, William H. Warrior in Two Camps: Ely S. Parker, Union General, and Seneca. Syracuse University Press, 1978. Gibson, Arrell Morgan. "Native Americans and the Civil War." American Indian Quarterly (Oct. 1985): 385–410. Hauptman, Laurence M. The Iroquois in the Civil War: From Battlefield to Reservation. Syracuse University Press, 1992.  https://web.archive.org/web/20101224094712/http://civilwarreference.com/battles/detail.php?battlesID=1271

This week we cover the greatest Indian civil rights leader of his generation.

Snowsnake is one of the most popular indigenous winter sports. Not only for people in the Haudenosaunee community but for dozens of other nations and tribes as well. Learn about how this entertaining game is played through today's story about two young boys who fall into an argument about the outcome of a Snowsnake match.    Story based on the traditional tale as told in, "Stories the Iroquois Tell Their Children", by Mabel Powers (Yeh Sen Noh Wehs) published 1917

It is known as the Creator's Game. People in North America have been playing Lacrosse for thousands of years. In modern times high schools and colleges have developed large programs. International competition has been growing as well.  Today we are pleased to have several members of the Iroquois Nationals Organization joining the show. Executive Director Leo Nolan (Mohawk Nation), Rex Lyons (Onondaga Nation), David Bray (Seneca Nation), and Pro player Randy Staats (Mohawk Nation). https://iroquoisnationals.org

Fox and Raccoon continue their contentious relationship in this short story. Based on Stories the Iroquois Tell Their Children by Mabel Powers [1917]

Today's co-host is Karl Dockstader. Karl is a member of the Oneida Nation. He is an award winning radio host and a fan of Iroquois History and Legends. Together we cover racism, treaties, culture, and history. We look at past and present Haudenosaunee generations and their impact on the world. Finally we ponder what the future of the Six Nations might be seven generations from now. References: Janet Rogers Poems from Peace in Duress https://talonbooks.com/meta-talon/listen-poems-from-peace-in-duress-by-janet-rogers  John Trudell - Radio Free Alcatraz https://narratively.com/native-radio-alcatraz-fbi/ John Mohawk (Sotsisowah)Thinking in Indian https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00AXS5VSK/ref=dp-kindle-redirect?_encoding=UTF8&btkr=1  

A few years after the Civil War, General Grant became President Grant and his friend Ely was appointed the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. He was the first indigenous person to hold the office. Today we finish our three part series on the life of Ely Parker The Life of General Ely S. Parker by Arthur C. Parker https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00W0LEWL0/ref=dp-kindle-redirect?_encoding=UTF8&btkr=1 Warrior in Two Camps by William Armstrong  https://www.amazon.com/Warrior-Camps-Iroquois-Their-Neighbors/dp/0815624956 The "Real Story" Behind the Marriage of Ely S. Parker and Minnie Orton Sackett By Jare Cardinal http://www.pbs.org/warrior/content/timeline/hero/wedding.html  

In 1863, after years of lobbying Parker was finally off to war.  As General Grant moved up the ladder of command Ely went with him every step of the way. The Life of General Ely S. Parker by Arthur C. Parker https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00W0LEWL0/ref=dp-kindle-redirect?_encoding=UTF8&btkr=1 Warrior in Two Camps by William Armstrong  https://www.amazon.com/Warrior-Camps-Iroquois-Their-Neighbors/dp/0815624956 American Lion: Andrew Jackson in the White House by Jon Meacham https://www.amazon.com/dp/B001FA0JSM/ref=dp-kindle-redirect?_encoding=UTF8&btkr=1

It could be said that Ely Parker was the most famous Seneca man of the 19th Century. The grandnephew of Red Jacket became a teenage diplomat, interpreter, aspiring lawyer, domestic engineer and Sachem all before the age of 30. The crazy thing is, that is not at all what he is remembered for. Later in life he would become a General in the Civil War, a Wall Street broker and the first Indigenous person ever to be the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. In this episode we look at the early years of Ely S. Parker. References: The Life of General Ely S. Parker by Arthur C. Parker https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00W0LEWL0/ref=dp-kindle-redirect?_encoding=UTF8&btkr=1 Warrior in Two Camps by William Armstrong  https://www.amazon.com/Warrior-Camps-Iroquois-Their-Neighbors/dp/0815624956 American Lion: Andrew Jackson in the White House by John Meacham https://www.amazon.com/dp/B001FA0JSM/ref=dp-kindle-redirect?_encoding=UTF8&btkr=1  

Stories the Iroquois Tell Their Children by Mabel Powers (Yehsennohwehs) [1917].   Recorded with Ezra Guite Cotter and Ethan Cotter. It was some moons after the raccoon outwitted fox, before they again met. The raccoon was hurrying by, when fox saw him. Now the fox had not forgotten the trick the raccoon had played on him when he burned his mouth with what he thought was magic pawpaws.  But it was really a fire ball.   So the fox started after the raccoon. He was gaining, and would have caught him, had they not come to a tall pine tree. The raccoon ran to the very tiptop of the pine tree.  “Try and get me up here Fox”, said raccoon There he was safe, for the fox could not climb. The fox lay down on the soft pine needles and waited for the raccoon to come down. The raccoon stayed up in the pine tree so long that the fox grew tired and sleepy. He closed his eyes and thought he would take a short nap. The raccoon watched, until he saw that the fox was sound asleep.  Raccoon sat on the tree for a long while and when he tired to move he noticed that his paws were sticky. And then he smiled and said to himself, “I know how to deal with fox”   Then he took in his mouth some of the sap from the pine tree. He ran down the tree and quietly rubbed the pitch over the eyes of the sleeping fox. The fox awoke. He sprang up and tried to seize the raccoon, but, alas! he could not see what he was doing. The lids of his eyes were held fast with the pine tar. He could not open them.   The raccoon laughed at the fox's plight, then ran and left him. Try and catch me now fox! Said raccoon The fox lay for some time under the tree. The pine gum, as it dried, held the lids of his eyes closer and closer shut. He thought he should never again see the sun. Some birds were singing near by. He called them, and told them of his plight. He asked if they would be so kind as to pick open his eyes. The birds flew off and told the other birds.  Come and help us Soon many of the little dark songsters flew back to where the fox lay. Then peck, peck, peck, went the little bills on the eyelids of the fox. Bit by bit they carefully pecked away the pine gum. If one grew tired, another bird would take its place.   At last the fox saw a streak of light. Soon the lid of one eye flew open, then the other. The sun was shining, and the world looked very beautiful to the fox, as he opened his eyes. He was very grateful to the little birds for bringing him light. He told them to ask what they would, and he would give it to them. The little birds said,    "We do not like the dark feathers which the Turkey Buzzard gave us. We want to look like the sun”   The fox looked about him. Beautiful sunflowers were growing near. He pressed some of the bright yellow color from them, and with the tip of his tail as a brush, he began to paint the dark little birds like the sun. The birds fluttered so with joy, he thought he would paint the bodies first. Before he could brush the wings and tails with the sun paint, each little bird had darted away, like a streak of sunshine.  Thank you, Thank you So happy and light of heart were the birds, that they could not wait for the fox to finish the painting. This is why goldfinches are yellow like the sun. It is why they have black wings and tails, why they flutter so with joy, and why they never finish their song.         

This is an interview that Andrew did in 2018 on the One Dish, One Mic radio show. The name comes from the idea of One Dish and One Spoon. An ancient concept going back at least to the foundation or the Haudenosaunee Confederacy itself. Sean Vanderklis (Mississauga) and Karl Dockstader (Oneida) were gracious enough to give us permission to let us air this on our channel. http://1dish1mic.com

Fox and Rabbit cause a lot of mischief. Learn how fire, and war came to man.  Find out how rabbit received his split lip. Adapted from the story as told by Arthur C. Parker (Seneca)

Based on "How an Indian Boy Got His Name" an Iroquois tale as told by Mable Powers (Yen-Sen-Noh-Wehs) in 1917.

Raccoon is starving and needs to use his wits to get a meal.  The crayfish are not an easy meal. Based on the Story by Arthur C. Parker (Seneca)

This week Director Garrett Wendt joins the show to discuss his upcoming documentary. We talk about what inspired him to undertake this massive project. We touch on the Haudenosaunee influence on the Women's Rights movement, as well as learn about abolitionists Charle Finney and Fredrick Douglas. You don't want to miss this film! For more information click here: https://iamrochester.com https://www.facebook.com/RochesterMovie/

Tecumseh is in the fight for his life at the Battle of the Thames.  Meanwhile, bloody conflicts continue on both sides of the Niagara River.  Can the Confederacy survive another Civil War? Sources: The Iroquois in the War of 1812 by C. Benn The War of 1812: A Forgotten Conflict by Donald Hickey The Wampum Chronicles- by Darren Bonaparte Transcriptions from Draper Manuscript (1877) Draper Manuscripts, Series U, Volume 11 Notes from Oneida Indians - Oct. 30 - Nov. 2nd inclusive, 1877

In the fall of 1812 thousands of American forces gathered on the Niagara River to attack Upper Canada.  But 80 Members of the Six Nations of Grand River made sure that the invaders didn't get very far.  

In this episode we give the background on how the native peoples of the American Continent dealt with the Euro-Americans during the first decade of the 19th Century.  New leaders will rise.  John Norton, a Scottish-Cherokee who became a Mohawk and Tecumseh a Shawnee leader who had a vision to unite all tribes together to save their people from extinction.    Sources: The Journal of Major John Norton, 1816 The Iroquois in the War of 1812 by Carl Benn The War of 1812: A Forgotten Conflict by Donald R Hickey  

There is no Thanksgiving Day in Haudenosaunee society.  Instead it is a lifestyle that needs to be put into practice on a daily basis.  In this short supplemental we cover a traditional Mohawk prayer of Thanksgiving that is recited at gatherings and celebrations.

During a Delaware invasion into Cayuga territory, the area peoples rally to defeat a foe bent on revenge. The battle will culminate at the edge of the highest waterfall on this side of the continent.  Sources: Retold, based on the account by Rev. D. H. Hamilton The falls of Taughannock : containing a complete description of this the highest fall in the state of New York. With historical and descriptive sketches" by LEWIS HALSEY

In 1799 a Seneca man lay on his death bed.  But remarkably he recovered very quickly.  Then he began sharing with others that he thought that the Great Spirit had visited him. For the rest of his life Handsome Lake would begin a religious revival amongst his people. Sources: The Code of Handsome Lake arranged by Ely Parker and republished by Arthur C. Parker GUYASUTA AND THE FALL OF INDIAN AMERICA BY BRADY J. CRYTZER An Account of Sa-go-ye-wat-ha, Or Red Jacket, and His People, 1750-1830 By John Niles Hubbard THE CANADIAN ENCYCLOPEDIA

This time we will be doing a short biography on the life of Cornplanter the Seneca General.  He went from feared enemy of the United States to a powerful diplomat working with President Washington to ensure peace and friendship between their two peoples. Sources: GUYASUTA AND THE FALL OF INDIAN AMERICA BY BRADY J. CRYTZER An Account of Sa-go-ye-wat-ha, Or Red Jacket, and His People, 1750-1830 By John Niles Hubbard THE CANADIAN ENCYCLOPEDIA WITH MUSKET & TOMAHAWK VOLUME II BY MICHAEL O. LOGUSZ

After the Treaty of Big Tree Red Jacket takes a very anti-Christian and anti-American world view.  His later life is marked by triumphs in defending his nation and personal tragedy.  In his final years his views on Christianity begin to change.  Listen for the conclusion of this two part series and see how he saved the Seneca homeland from complete liquidation. Sources: An Account of Sa-go-ye-wat-ha, Or Red Jacket, and His People, 1750-1830 By John Niles Hubbard THE CANADIAN ENCYCLOPEDIA THE PAPERS OF SIR WILLIAM JOHNSON BY WILLIAM JOHNSON WITH MUSKET & TOMAHAWK VOLUME II BY MICHAEL O. LOGUSZ

Otetiani, also called Sagoyewatha was born into the Wolf Clan in the Seneca Nation around 1750.  His remarkable 80 years was filled with on goal.  To always advocate on behalf of his people.  This is part one in a two part series. Sources: An Account of Sa-go-ye-wat-ha, Or Red Jacket, and His People, 1750-1830 By John Niles Hubbard THE CANADIAN ENCYCLOPEDIA THE PAPERS OF SIR WILLIAM JOHNSON BY WILLIAM JOHNSON WITH MUSKET & TOMAHAWK VOLUME II BY MICHAEL O. LOGUSZ

The 1794 Treaty of Canandaigua is one of the most important treaties in the history of the Haudenosaunee.  It guarantees the rights of sovereignty for the Six Nations, while at the same time making huge land concessions.  It is a treaty that has faced numerous violations throughout it's 200+ year existence.  However, it is still one of the oldest unbroken agreements in United States history. Sources: IROQUOIS DIPLOMACY ON THE EARLY AMERICAN FRONTIER BY TIMOTHY J. SHANNON The Treaty Of Canandaigua 1794 by Anna M. Schein and G. Peter Jemison An Account of Sa-go-ye-wat-ha, Or Red Jacket, and His People, 1750-1830 By John Niles Hubbard

On this very special first day of the April month Learn about three famous members of the Wannabe Indian Tribe.

Following the American Revolution dozens of Indigenous Nations are left to fend for themselves as British support evaporated.  But from 1791 to 1792 the Ohio peoples would win battle after battle and not just win in those conflicts but wipeout entire American Armies. Sources: The Presidentail Papers of President George Washington The Papers of Sec. of War Henry Knox GUYASUTA AND THE FALL OF INDIAN AMERICA BY BRADY J. CRYTZER SIMON GIRTY - WILDERNESS WARRIOR BY EDWARD BUTTS

Simon Girty was a man larger than life.  To Americans he was a vile traitor who killed the innocent with his savage friends. To the British he was a rough drunk but a useful tool.  To the Iroquois and other Ohio Nations he was a prodigal son who was raised as a Brave and then returned to fight for his adopted people's freedom.   NOTES ON THE STATE OF VIRGINIA BY THOMAS JEFFERSON GUYASUTA AND THE FALL OF INDIAN AMERICA BY BRADY J. CRYTZER SIMON GIRTY - WILDERNESS WARRIOR BY EDWARD BUTTS

How would you fare in your faith when you are faced with certain death?  In 1782 a community of Lenape (Delaware) Christians were victims to one of the most heinous acts in American History. Sources: Diary of David Zeisberger by David Zeisberger GUYASUTA AND THE FALL OF INDIAN AMERICA BY BRADY J. CRYTZER SIMON GIRTY - WILDERNESS WARRIOR BY EDWARD BUTTS

After numerous requests we are back with two more Haudenosaunee animal tales.  In the first Turtle leads a war party of misfit animals against Huk-sah, the Jungie.  In the second Brown Owl and Weasel are featured in a dark story of revenge kindercide.  Sources: Reworked and based on traditional Seneca Nation stories.   SKUNNY WUNDY: SENECA INDIAN TALES BY ARTHUR CASWELL PARKER

Joseph Brant, Colonel Louis Cook, Walter Butler and Simon Girty deal with the horrors of war and the devastation of the Great Lakes region. Sources: Forgotten Allies: The Oneida Indians and the American Revolution by Joseph T. Glatthaar and James Kirby Martin Joseph Brant, 1743-1807, Man of Two Worlds By Isabel Thompson Kelsay SIMON GIRTY - WILDERNESS WARRIOR BY EDWARD BUTTS  

General Washington gave command to John Sullivan in 1779 to outfit and lead an expedition into the Seneca-Cayuga homeland.  It will be a scorched earth campaign that will leave almost the entire population of both the Seneca and Cayuga Nations homeless. Destitute of any food or clothing thousands will head to Fort Niagara for shelter.   Sources: Forgotten Allies: The Oneida Indians and the American Revolution by Joseph T. Glatthaar and James Kirby Martin The Papers of General George Washington Joseph Brant, 1743-1807, Man of Two Worlds By Isabel Thompson Kelsay Journal of General John Sullivan

Spies are everywhere in 1778 on both sides of the conflict.  Joseph Brant leads Iroquois forces against Patriot settlements throughout Upstate New York.  Conversely American and Oneida soldiers launch counter attacks against Brant's supporting towns in Iroquoia. Sources: Forgotten Allies: The Oneida Indians and the American Revolution by Joseph T. Glatthaar and James Kirby Martin The Papers of General George Washington Joseph Brant, 1743-1807, Man of Two Worlds By Isabel Thompson Kelsay

Forty-one members of the Oneida Nation traveled to Valley Forge, PA in the Spring of 1778. General George Washington greeted each individual in person and warmly. The warriors went on to assist the Marquis de Lafayette at the Battle of Barren Hill and Polly Cooper an Oneida woman brings her experience as a cook and healer to the needy Continental Army. Episode 42 is up ready for your ears. Sources: Forgotten Allies: The Oneida Indians and the American Revolution by Joseph T. Glatthaar and James Kirby Martin The Papers of General George Washington The Papers of the Continental Congress 1778 The Letters of Thomas Jefferson to His Wife 1778

Following the American-Oneida victory at Fort Stanwix rifts grow deeper within the Six Nations.  Over three-hundred members of the Haudenosaunee gather at Albany for a Conference.  Just as it finishes however word arrives that Burgoyne's British army has crossed the Hudson River at Saratoga. Sources: GUYASUTA AND THE FALL OF INDIAN AMERICA BY BRADY J. CRYTZER Forgotten Allies: The Oneida Indians and the American Revolution by Joseph T. Glatthaar and James Kirby Martin WITH MUSKET & TOMAHAWK VOLUMES 1, 2 & 3 BY MICHAEL O. LOGUSZ 

British General Barry St. Ledger begins the siege of Fort Stanwix August 3, 1777.  American General Herkimer is on his way to help.  Joining him are a group of Oneida led by Two-Kettles-Together (Tyonajanegen) and her husband Han Yerry (Tewahangarahken). Sources: GUYASUTA AND THE FALL OF INDIAN AMERICA BY BRADY J. CRYTZER Forgotten Allies: The Oneida Indians and the American Revolution by Joseph T. Glatthaar and James Kirby Martin WITH MUSKET & TOMAHAWK VOLUMES 1, 2 & 3 BY MICHAEL O. LOGUSZ 

General John Burgoyne and Barry St. Ledger prepare to invade modern New York State from two different directions in 1777.  Burgoyne will attack Fort Ticonderoga on Lake Champlain while St. Ledger and Joseph Brant strike the Americans at Fort Stanwix in the heart of Iroquoia. Sources: GUYASUTA AND THE FALL OF INDIAN AMERICA BY BRADY J. CRYTZER IROQUOIS DIPLOMACY ON THE EARLY AMERICAN FRONTIER BY TIMOTHY J. SHANNON WITH MUSKET & TOMAHAWK VOLUMES 1, 2 & 3 BY MICHAEL O. LOGUSZ 

With War in North America again imminent how will this Six Nations decide which side to take.  This week we look at Akiatonharonkwen (Joseph Lewis Cook), Thayendanegea (Joseph Brant) and Guyasuta and how they dealt with the gathering storm. Sources: GUYASUTA AND THE FALL OF INDIAN AMERICA BY BRADY J. CRYTZER IROQUOIS DIPLOMACY ON THE EARLY AMERICAN FRONTIER BY TIMOTHY J. SHANNON WITH MUSKET & TOMAHAWK VOLUMES 1, 2 & 3 BY MICHAEL O. LOGUSZ 

We begin our series on the American Revolution.  We discuss some of the influences the Six Nations had on the Founding Fathers were leading up to 1776.  Also we say goodbye to Sir William Johnson and see the rise of two Mohawk siblings known as Joseph and Molly Brant. Sources: THE PAPERS OF SIR WILLIAM JOHNSON BY WILLIAM JOHNSON 1774 Minutes of the Second Contitential Congress 1776 IROQUOIS DIPLOMACY ON THE EARLY AMERICAN FRONTIER BY TIMOTHY J. SHANNON  

Who is there to mourn for Logan? Not one. Logan of the Mingo was known as a kind and friendly man to all people both red and white in the Ohio Country. Then in 1774 his entire family was killed in cold blood.  The aftermath would be what is known as "Lord Dunmore's War"   Sources: NOTES ON THE STATE OF VIRGINIA BY THOMAS JEFFERSON GUYASUTA AND THE FALL OF INDIAN AMERICA BY BRADY J. CRYTZER SIMON GIRTY - WILDERNESS WARRIOR BY EDWARD BUTTS

In December 1763 a group of miscreants known as "The Paxton Boys" led raids into Lancaster County.  They murdered and mutilated an entire community of Iroquois Conestoga people.  Men, women and children.  A month later after the facts were gathered Benjamin Franklin wrote a lengthy article called "A Narrative of the Late Massacres" in which he chides the murders and also the colony of Pennsylvania as a whole for letting their apathy allow this horrible event to take place.  In this short episode Andrew will read excerpts from Franklin's article.  Source: Direct Quotes taken from "A Narrative of the Late Massacres" by Benjamin Franklin 1764

With the Seven Years War winding down.  Jeffery Amherst the British Commander-in-Chief of North America has to reduce spending drastically.   One of the things he cuts to almost zero is the budget for allied Native Nations.  Also colonists begin pouring into the west in violation to the Treaty of Easton. A Seneca man named Guyasuta will try to resist these encroachments and a prophet named Neolin will inspire a pan-indigenous revival which in turn inspires an Ottawa man named Obwandiyag to drive out the British from the Great Lakes.  The British however called him Pontiac.   Sources: THE CANADIAN ENCYCLOPEDIA The Conspiracy of Pontiac and the Indian War After the Conquest of Canada by Francis Parkman GUYASUTA AND THE FALL OF INDIAN AMERICA BY BRADY J. CRYTZER