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Pro Tips for Hot and Dog Shows and When Safety Overrules Ribbons Host Laura Reeves brings you Pure Dog Talk's LIVE@5 discussion of the hot summer dog shows and when safety is more important than ribbons. "Let's talk about what hot means. And everybody has their own understanding of it, right? So what is hot to someone like myself from the Northwest might be no big deal if you're from Phoenix. Understand that if you're hot, your dogs have similar acclimation and so it's really important to understand what your dog can tolerate. "I was doing my handling class for folks last night and I was talking about this topic and I had a pug dog back in the day, Pug Special, and the day he went best in show in Wisconsin, the thermometer said it was 105 and it was 85% humidity. Yeah, it was really gross. If you look at the photo of me from that day, I look like I've been dipped in olive oil. It is just disgusting. "The judge was Norman Patton. I remember it all very clearly and he flat told me that the reason my dog went best in show that day, not just was he a nice pug dog or what have you, but on that horrible gross awful day, my dog went around the entire best in show ring without panting. "And so a lot of that has to do with what the dog is acclimated to. That particular pug dog lived in Nebraska at the time. He was accustomed to gross humidity. And my dogs were not pampered pets. They went outside in the gross humidity. I was careful with them, but they were acclimated to the heat and the humidity, which other dogs If I had brought him straight from the West Coast to that environment, he'd have died. But because he was acclimated after a couple of years in Nebraska, it was more manageable for him. "And the other thing that I did was manage his situation. So at a hot dog show, you have an ice chest full of ice and water. More water than ice, but it is ice cold water. You do not give that to your dog to drink. You put your cool coat or your shammy or your towel or your whatever you're going to use in that water and then you ring it out as much as you need to for your dog's coat and you put it on the ground and you have the dog stand on it. "You do not put it over the dog's back because that's not going to get them cool. Dogs release heat from their pads, they release heat from their ear flaps, they release heat in their groin, anus, all of the places that have unfurred space. And so if we're going to keep our dogs cool, the way to keep them cool is to have the coldness underneath them. "And then I had a good Ryobi fan. I had a spray bottle with water in it, and I had another shammy and I had trained him. So this is the other part. He was trained. That's an important part of this conversation. He was trained. He could lie down on his side in the ring and I would cover his eyes, his whole head up with another cold chamois. And so he was iced, literally, he was chill. "And this particular ring was outdoors, kind of in semi shade. I spent the vast majority of that time in the best in show ring with the dog lying down and my back to the judge, to the ring, to everything else so that I could put him in the shade. I used my body to shade him because there wasn't as much shade as I would like there to be. "So you can manage the heat if the dog is accustomed to it, if the dog is fit and if it is acclimated to the basic conditions and then you can keep them cool enough for the amount of time that you have. So that's number one. "Number two, remember. There's no law that you have to go to the dog show that you entered if it's 100°. Another special, another time, another place. There was a big candy ass. I can't say it another way. God love him. I loved that dog, but he was not heat tolerant and he had won a big specialty in California. And I had a huge falling out with his co-owner over it because I refused to show him the group, because it's gonna be 105 and it was out in more sun and he was going to be...
Saturday treat time, Outlouders. A brand new episode of Parenting Out Loud just landed, and we’re dropping it here for you to enjoy too. In this episode, Jessie Stephens and Amelia Lester dive into:
This week we cover:The Senate budget bill provision to sell 2–3.3 million acres of public land in 11 western states.The broad implications of bypassing environmental review, public comment, and Tribal consultation.New BLM oil and gas lease sales in Colorado, Wyoming, and the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska.A timber sale in southern Oregon raising questions about cumulative extraction impacts.A new USGS report revealing enormous oil and gas potential under public lands — and what that means for future battles over public land use.Trump's revocation of the Resilient Columbia Basin Agreement and withdrawal from federal salmon recovery commitments in the Northwest.A conservation win led by the Miccosukee Tribe in Florida as they expand collaborative stewardship over 18 million acres of critical habitat.The most urgent issue this week is the proposed 3.3 million-acre public land sale in the Senate budget bill.
It's a Pop Culture Thursday on the JTrain Podcast, and Jared kicks things off with Barbra Streisand's “penetration” memoir moment (yep, you read that right). From there, he dives into the absurdities of reality TV, Lindsay Hubbard bringing her baby to the Summer House, and the hilariously overhyped “epic” birthday party for North West. Jason Isaacs spills Hollywood tea, Jason Segel gets engaged, and Meghan Markle teaches her toddlers about money markets (because, of course, she does). Jared's got opinions, rants, and riffs on all of it, with the perfect mix of outrage and laughs. Plus, he plugs some upcoming shows, a great Hero Bread discount, and a YouTube channel that needs your eyeballs. Quick hit stories, maximum sarcasm, and that signature JTrain energy. Press play and let the fluffing begin!!Support the show and get 10% off your Hero Bread order. Use code JTRAIN at https://www.hero.co
Bradley has a list of summer blockbusters from the past; Radar online thinks up a story about King Charles being told not to answer Harry's calls for fear of blackmail; North West is 12 going on 25; One Star Reviews; 5 second rule gameSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.
President and founder of Every Meal, Rob Williams, joins us to help raise funds for their organization in memory of Melissa and Mark Hortman. North West is all grown up! The one-star reviews are full of tasty Washington eats. And don't forget the Five-Second Rule!Rula patients typically pay $15 per session when using insurance. Connect with quality therapists and mental health experts who specialize in you at https://www.rula.com/abd #rulapodSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.
(I totally wrote the title of today's episode to the tune of "Christmas in the Northwest" - fyi :) Today: Our pals Randy and Jason Sklar are coming to town on Wednesday, and they'll be hanging out & performing all over the Pacific Northwest through Saturday night - click here to find out more about where you can catch them! They appreciate you and so do we - have a wonderful night and we'll talk with you tomorrow!
Grizzly On The Hunt - Bigfoot, Sasquatch, Cryptids, Paranormal, Aliens, UFO's and More!
Friday at Tonight at 9PM EST!Hidden Realms! Where does Barber take his show? What topics will he cover? Tune in and let's find out! If you have an encounter you like to share or would like to be a guest on our show, email us at grizzlytheparanormal@gmail.comBigfoot Sasquatch Yeti Dogman Cryptids Ghost Sasquatch Encounters Bigfoot Encounters CryptidEncounters Bigfoot Stories Sasquatch Stories Bigfoot Screams MonstersThe legends of Bigfoot go back beyond recorded history and cover the world. In North America - and particularly the Northwest - you can hear tales of seven-foot-tall hairy men stalking the woods, occasionally scaring campers, lumberjacks, hikers and the like all over The worldBigfoot is known by many titles with many different cultures although the name Bigfoot is generally attributes to the mountainous Western region of North America.
Today on the show is none other than Wyatt Carr, the rising star from Coeur d'Alene.He's a rising junior out of Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, and one of the top young distance runners in the entire Northwest. He has ran 4:13 for the full mile, 8:58 for 3200m at Arcadia, and 15:03 for 5K XC. The guy's legit.But what makes Wyatt really interesting isn't just the times. It's the mindset. After training under Idaho legends Maximus and Zackery Cervi-Skinner, he's now stepping into the leadership role at CDA. He's been through the highs — like anchoring a 4xMile squad to second place at Nike Indoors — and the lows, including an untimely injury just before the state meet this spring.In this conversation, we talk all about that transition into being “the guy,” his past experiences at NXN, and the CDA team culture. We also dive into what it means to take that next step from contender to champion.Before we jump in, if you're enjoying these episodes, I'd really appreciate it if you hit follow and left a five-star review. It helps more people find The Sunday Shakeout and supports the mission of telling powerful stories in the sport we love.I hope you enjoy this episode of The Sunday Shakeout!
Early last month, lawmakers in Washington state enacted a new law, set to take effect in late July, that will mandate Catholic priests to report child abuse they learn about in the context of confession — forcing priests to risk automatic excommunication from the Church for breaking the sacramental seal. What does this mean for the Church in the Northwest and across the country in other legislative hot spots? This week on RR we are joined by Register staff writer Jonah McKeown. And then, a month has passed since the election of Pope Leo XIV and Register Senior Editor Jonathan Liedl discusses how the new pontiff has settled in and what we can discern about his impending decisions.
Welcome to Caching in the NorthWest! This is THE podcast from the birthplace of geocaching, right here in the great Pacific NorthWest. It's Thursday at 7PM Pacific and we are going to talk about geocaches and geocachers from here and around the globe. So while you're thankful for the cooler nights, we'll be Caching in the NorthWest. We want you to call in your Geocache Log of the Week! Send an email to feedback@CachingNW.com, call into 253-693-TFTC. Call us with your feedback at (253) 693-TFTC Or visit the website at https://CachingNW.com
Early last month, lawmakers in Washington state enacted a new law, set to take effect in late July, that will mandate Catholic priests to report child abuse they learn about in the context of confession — forcing priests to risk automatic excommunication from the Church for breaking the sacramental seal. What does this mean for the Church in the Northwest and across the country in other legislative hot spots? This week on RR we are joined by Register staff writer Jonah McKeown. And then, a month has passed since the election of Pope Leo XIV and Register Senior Editor Jonathan Liedl discusses how the new pontiff has settled in and what we can discern about his impending decisions.
In this episode, Brian welcomes three guests, each with very different stories to tell.The episode explores the mystery of Bigfoot from multiple angles. Filmmaker James Chick, writer and director of the new Bigfoot horror film Feet of Death, shares how growing up in the Pacific Northwest sparked his lifelong interest in Bigfoot. He discusses his transition from indie filmmaking to directing, the creative process behind Feet of Death, and how he blends horror with a realistic portrayal of Bigfoot rooted in local lore.The conversation also features personal Bigfoot encounter stories from guests Kyle and Zach. They recount their own unexplained experiences in the wilderness, possible sightings of Bigfoot or other cryptids, and how these events shaped their beliefs about the existence of Sasquatch and similar creatures.This episode offers unique perspectives on Bigfoot sightings, cryptid encounters, and the cultural fascination with Sasquatch — blending filmmaking insights with real-life paranormal experiences.Bigfoot sightings, Sasquatch encounters, Feet of Death movie, Bigfoot horror film, cryptid stories, Pacific Northwest Bigfoot, real Bigfoot encounters, Bigfoot documentary, paranormal experiences, Sasquatch beliefs.Join Mireya's Explorer Society Get Our FREE NewsletterGet Brian's Books Leave Us A VoicemailVisit Our WebsiteSupport Our SponsorsVisit Untold Radio AMBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/sasquatch-odyssey--4839697/support.
This week, it's all trench coats and twisted tales as we dive into a 1950s mystery with a lounge twist. A riot with a punchline… a listener letter about a certain French voice… and a deep thought that might leave your tech feeling medieval. Plus highlights from Lounge Life Magazine and a gig guide spanning tiki, jazz, and vintage wheels. www.cocktailnation.net Nicolas Godin – Twist À Saint Germain Serge Gainsbourg – Requiem Pour Un Twisteur Pepper Greenwald – Rooftops Alika Lyman Group – Theme From Bewitched Combustible Edison – Pink Victim Orchestra Superstring – Waterbed Steve Allee Big Band – Hubbub Billy May – Odd Couple Angelo Badalamenti – Freshly Squeezed Voodoo 5 – Highway 99 Raymond Alessandrini – Theme De Fantomas Martini Kings – Winds Rush In The Sharps – From Russia With Love Nutty – Purple Panther Midday Mai Tais – Cosmopolitan
Visuals: https://getbehindthebillboard.com/episode-90-tim-jonesPodcast episode #90 is the first of our Manchester special and features the charming and uber-talented Tim Jones. Tim has an incredible track record when it comes to OOH, both from his time at BBC Creative and more recently at Meanwhile, the agency he set up with long term creative partner James Cross and Al Marchant.Meanwhile have enjoyed great success since launch in 2022, thanks not just to their creative work, but savvy association with Bez of the Happy Mondays, himself an icon of the North West. It's no surprise Meanwhile were Campaign's Start Up Agency of 2023.We discussed Tim's extensive OOH portfolio, including the 7m tapestry for the BBC World Cup in Russia which formed the centre pice of the History Will Be Made campaign and was meant to have an additional segment, allowing for the next bit of history. Tim told us how he was prepping the new piece to incorporate Harry Kane lifting the trophy. Oh Lord. How many years of hurt?! Too much. Anyway, it wasn't meant to be, but a brilliant story about what goes on behind the tapestry.Then there was the Netflix Diamond Heist and how Meanwhile placed a 9-carat diamond onto the side of a billboard.Next Travel Supermarket with a vertical stack of inflatables in a shopping trolley on the side of a building. How will they stay up? What happens if a member of the public throws darts at them? And a million and one other daft questions that have to be answered in order to get creative work to run.On and on the stories went, the Manchester tram that toots the theme tune of Coronation Street, the BAFTA winning work for BBC Tokyo Olympics, the award-winning launch work for Chester Zoo, the iconic Park Run work for Mental health Day.Thank you Tim. It was a total pleasure. We can't wait to see what you and Meanwhile do next.
On today's show, city and regional planners from Northwest Arkansas are attending the Congress for the New Urbanism in Providence, Rhode Island. Plus, working to make fashion more sustainable and our weekly roundup of news from the River Valley with Michael Tilley of Talk Business and Politics.
In this Father's Day episode, we explore the Northwest sector in Feng Shui and its connection to father energy, leadership, and protection. We also look at how the father wound can show up in our lives and how to begin healing. In our Folklore Friday segment, we dive into men's vitality in Chinese medicine—touching on jing, semén retention, and how ancient practices supported masculine energy over time.-------------00:00 intro00:28 welcome 01:43 Northwest sector 08:33 Father wounds 12:16 Feng Shui adjustments to encourage leadership 14:59 TCM and Male vitality 22:15 Final Thoughts22:58 Outro ---------Free Floor plan mapping: learnfengshuinow@gmail.com OR https://www.learnfengshui.com/freemappingConnect on social media & contact me HERE https://linktr.ee/learnfengshuinow:---------Sources: Jing- https://rebelmednw.com/2020/07/traditional-chinese-medicine-and-mens-health/https://www.fusionhealth.com.au/blogs/featured-blogs/what-is-jing?srsltid=AfmBOoqh58AnlfWkRnzKgaMCrlX8Q6u62p0qhSIjBcSk9ZRgcqxGA3EPhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jing_(Chinese_medicine)#:~:text=Jing%20(Chinese%3A%20精%3B%20pinyin,Treasures%20of%20traditional%20Chinese%20medicine.https://www.britishacupuncturefederation.co.uk/2023/01/03/the-three-treasures-jing-shen-and-qi/https://www.attachmentproject.com/psychology/father-wound/
Northwest cherry harvest is underway, and things are looking really good so far for growers and cherry lovers.
This week Anthony is talking with Sam from the YouTube channel The Northwest Wind. Sam and Anthony talk everything from stealth camping, sports, mental health awareness, The Sopranos, and much more!!Follow Sam on Instagram @thenorthwestwindWatch Sam's YouTube Channel Subscribe to Keep Moving Forward Podcast on YouTube Follow on Instagram: @comicanthonyd @kmfpodcastCheck out Buddha Bars Ice CreamWe are played in and out by DemonScarLong Island, go check out Finns Deli
Brent Callicott is a self-made “weatherologist” from Union City, Tennessee, and the trusted voice behind Brent's Weather Page on Facebook. In this episode, he shares how a childhood fascination with storms and a little nudge from his wife and daughter sparked what would become one of Northwest Tennessee's most-followed weather resources. With more than 13,000 followers and no formal training, Brent has built a community by delivering clear, compassionate weather updates. Whether it's a snow day, heat wave or severe storm warning, Brent is the messenger that locals trust. This episode is sponsored by First Choice Farm & Lawn.
In this episode, Johnny Mac brings you five heartwarming and intriguing stories. First, he highlights Pigeon Fest in New York City, a unique event celebrating National Pigeon Appreciation Day with art exhibitions, a pigeon impersonation pageant, and more. Then, he discusses the success of eradicating invasive bullfrogs in Yosemite National Park to save the native Northwest pond turtle. The show also features a groundbreaking bladder and kidney transplant success, a Miami business recycling thousands of sneakers to keep them out of landfills, and the miraculous survival of a cow swept away by floodwaters in Australia. Additionally, Johnny promotes another podcast, Eastwood Reloaded, dedicated to Clint Eastwood's career.Unlock an ad-free podcast experience with Caloroga Shark Media! Get all our shows on any player you love, hassle free! For Apple users, hit the banner on your Apple podcasts app which seays UNINTERRUPTED LISTENING. For Spotify or other players, visit caloroga.com/plus. No plug-ins needed! You also get 20+ other shows on the network ad-free!
This week we talk through the #Commanders OTA's and answer fan questions.
Northwest cherry harvest is underway, and things are looking really good so far for growers and cherry lovers.
California racer Dominic Scelzi joins Steve and Erin this week to talk about the Five Fastest days in the Northwest, taking his family on the road, The Drivers Project and more.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.
Alfred Hitchcock's North by Northwest is the sleek, stylish spy thriller that basically invented the modern action movie and laid the blueprint for the Mission: Impossible / James Bond franchises. We break down its iconic set pieces, paranoid energy, and why Cary Grant running from a crop duster still rips. This is a 5-minute sample from our full #1 Boy Movie Club episode. To hear the entire deep dive, head to our Patreon below.The Extra Credits YouTube ChannelBecome a member of The Extra Credits+ on Patreon hereHow to link Patreon to Spotify and AppleLetterboxd: The Extra CreditsTikTok: The Extra CreditsReddit: r/TheExtraCreditsInstagram: @theextracreditsTwitter: @theextracreditsSend requests, questions, and thoughts to our email: extracreditspod@gmail.com
In our latest episode, we spoke with Chris Sasser, pastor of family ministries at Port City Community Church in Wilmington, North Carolina, and author of Bags, Helping Your Kids Lightenthe Load. With nearly three decades of ministry experience, Chris has devoted his life to guiding parents and leaders in nurturing the spiritual journey of the next generation.Chris shares his insights on "whole family ministry," a comprehensive approach involving kids, teenagers, and parents in the discipleship process, not just siloed ministries operating independently of each other. He emphasized prioritizing "connection over content" to build meaningful relationships within families.Register now for the D6 Conference 2026 (Northwest or Southeast) here: www.d6conference.comGet a copy of Chris Sasser's book, Bags: Helping Your Kids Lighten the Load, here: https://bit.ly/3hNTKJUSign up for the weekly email Top Reads for Busy Leaders here: https://bit.ly/TopReadsRHP
Crusaders Charge into Summer Reading is Northwest Christian's annual summer reading campaign. During the summer of 2025, we're jumping -- with both feet! -- into Tim Kimmel's "Raising Kids for True Greatness - Redefining Success for Your Child". Throughout Summer 2025, swing by the school's offices to pick up a free copy and join us!Both feet? Yes! The school's two podcasts -- Kingdom Culture Conversations and Off the Page -- are each working through the book all summer.On Off the Page, Geoff and G are working through the book chapter-by-chapter, taking a deep dive into the ideas, concepts, and principles that will help us all, as parents, to reframe how we approach raising our kids.Then, on Kingdom Culture Conversations, we are spending time with the "Top 10" list found at the conclusion of each chapter within the book. Specifically, we are putting those lists in front of members of the NCS faculty and community that might be able to offer insights based on their role in the school.It's going to be a great summer full of growth! Take the time to join us!"Kingdom Culture Conversations" is a podcast created through Frameworks, a Biblical worldview initiative of Northwest Christian School.For more information on Frameworks, please visit: https://frameworks.ncsaz.org/For more information on Northwest Christian School, visit: https://www.ncsaz.org/To reach out to Geoff Brown, please email gbrown@ncsaz.org or you can reach him by cell phone: (623)225-5573.
On today's show: we talk with a cross country skier who will be impacted by Alberta's new rules that ban transgender athletes from competing in women's leagues; we take you to a small shelter in the Northwest that's helping people get back on their feet; we check in with the CBC's Mark Connolly, who's in Florida ahead of Game 3 of the Stanley Cup Final tonight.
Galvia AI, a leading international artificial intelligence company, has announced its UK expansion with a new Manchester office and plans for job creation in the region. Headquartered in Galway, Ireland, Galvia will base its UK operations at the Turing Innovation Catalyst (TIC), within Sister - Manchester's £1.7bn science and technology innovation district. Galvia unifies business data and turns it into connected intelligence that predicts, prompts, and drives smarter decisions in real time. The Manchester investment is set to create double-digit job growth and reinforce the city's position as a growing hub for AI and digital innovation. Galvia's clients range from SMEs in retail, hospitality, and manufacturing to global organisations such as Atos, Nestlé, NTT Data Business Solutions, and several top-ranking universities. At a high-profile launch event held on 3rd June 2025 at TIC, Galvia unveiled plans to empower SMEs across Greater Manchester and the North West to harness the power of AI. The event gathered business leaders, policymakers, and AI innovators, highlighting the strategic importance of Galvia's UK expansion. Commenting on Galvia's UK launch at the Turing Innovation Catalyst, Councillor Bev Craig, Leader of Manchester City Council, said: "Manchester has always been a place where ideas thrive and businesses scale with purpose. We're excited to welcome Galvia to Manchester and support the launch of their accelerator programme - a real opportunity for local SMEs to engage with the potential of AI in a practical, meaningful way. By removing barriers to AI adoption, initiatives like this can help unlock the region's entrepreneurial potential and ensure innovation is accessible to all." John Clancy, CEO and Founder of Galvia AI, said: "We're excited to establish roots in Manchester - a city with a dynamic tech ecosystem and a clear vision for innovation. Our goal is to empower SMEs by removing barriers to AI adoption and providing practical, scalable solutions that integrate seamlessly with existing systems." SMEs often struggle to make use of their data due to siloed systems and limited resources. Galvia addresses this gap with trusted technology that has been developed for both enterprises and SMEs since its founding in 2017. It brings together data from across an organisation, unlocking new insights, driving improvement and enhancing profitability. At the heart of Galvia's Manchester strategy is the Galvia AI Adoption Accelerator, a 5-week programme launching in September in partnership with TIC and law firm Addleshaw Goddard. It's designed to give SME leaders a clear understanding of what to do with their data and a strategic plan of how to integrate AI into their business. The Accelerator is central to Galvia's mission to make AI work for all - providing SMEs with a fast, practical route to leveraging their data and driving growth through innovation. Galvia also intends to partner with SME technology providers in sectors such as retail and hospitality to apply the benefits of AI to their platforms. "AI isn't just for big-budget tech businesses. It can and should make a real, tangible difference for SMEs, which are the core of the economy," added John Clancy. "Together with our partners, we're very proud to bring our accelerator programme to Manchester. It's already proven highly successful in Ireland, equipping participants with the knowledge and tools to stay ahead of industry changes and maintain a competitive edge. "We bring seven years of real-world experience in AI - and in AI years, that's a lifetime. We've worked with organisations and data sets of all sizes to make AI deliver real strategic value." Joe Manning, Managing Director at MIDAS, Manchester's Inward Investment Agency said: "Ireland is one of Greater Manchester's most important markets, with a whole host of Irish companies choosing to expand here. "We're very pleased to welcome Galvia, with their decision to set up a UK base in our city-region re...
Welcome to Caching in the NorthWest! This is THE podcast from the birthplace of geocaching, right here in the great Pacific NorthWest. It's Thursday at 7PM Pacific and we are going to talk about geocaches and geocachers from here and around the globe. So while you're mowing the lawn for the second time this week, we'll be Caching in the NorthWest. We want you to call in your Geocache Log of the Week! Send an email to feedback@CachingNW.com, call into 253-693-TFTC. Call us with your feedback at (253) 693-TFTC Or visit the website at https://CachingNW.com
This Tech On Demand podcast episode is all about fall control, integrated pest management and implementing biocontrol strategies that work. Host Bill Calkins is joined by Phil Gerry, a Technical Sales Consultant for the Northeast Region covering six states for Koppert. Koppert is a global market leader specializing in biological crop protection and team members have joined the podcast before covering biological IPM for spring crops and strategies for hybrid and truly integrated strategies. Phil was lead grower for large nurseries and greenhouses in the Northeast and Northwest before joining Koppert in 2021 and brings an incredible amount of practical knowledge and creative strategies to the topic of managing key pests in garden mum and poinsettia production. In this episode Bill and Phil discuss the spring production season before jumping into the main topic—IPM for crops produced in summer for fall and holiday sales. Phil explains the importance of understanding the compatibility of biological controls and traditional chemistries, as well as why it's critical to define what success looks like for your greenhouse or nursery before integrating biocontrols. As he reiterated, when making a move to bio-based approaches, it's best to start slowly—choose one crop or one pest and hone skills before moving on to a more comprehensive plan. When it comes to biological controls for garden mums, indoor versus outdoor production must be considered and beginning applications in propagation is the best approach for various reasons Phill addressed. Key pests discussed include aphids, thrips, fungus gnats, whiteflies and spider mites. Moving on to poinsettias, of course the main pests (whiteflies and spider mites) require diligence, scouting and early preventative controls and Phil explained some of his go-to tactics. Be sure to listen all the way to the end of this discussion because these notes barely scratch the surface! RESOURCES & PRODUCTS MENTIONED IN THE EPISODE: Koppert U.S.: https://bit.ly/4kR5r13 Koppert Consultants & Locations: https://bit.ly/455PYpp Side Effects Guide: https://bit.ly/4kOoZmP Isarid: https://bit.ly/4mASHxc Spidex: https://bit.ly/4dHyf9S Enermix: https://bit.ly/3SAoy3p Swirski-Mite: https://bit.ly/3HEZOEI Airobreez: https://bit.ly/3SAp815 2025 GrowerTalks Biosolutions Guide: https://www.growertalks.com/pdf/BioSolutions_Guide_2025.pdf
Shane Ó Curraighín, Northwest Correspondent, reports on a call by the Sligo Chamber of Commerce to fully upgrade the N17 between Knock and Collooney.
Northwest Recap! Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
Episode 2 of The Upland Social Podcast! Check out the First Gen Hunter Website Follow First Gen Hunter Instagram: @first.gen.hunter Facebook: @first.gen.hunter Follow Alex: @east2westhunts_alex Follow East2West Hunts: @east2westhunts Follow Caleb: @calebleedrake Follow Noel: @noelgandy Follow Ryan: @theuplandsocial Support First Gen Hunter by shopping at the following partners: East2West Hunts Use promo code: firstgen10 = 10% off any purchase Old Barn Taxidermy Tell Them The First Gen Hunter Podcast Sent You! My Medic use discount code firstgen15 at checkout to save 15% TideWe Use discount code: firstgen15 at checkout to save 15% Optics Planet Use discount code: fgh5 at checkout to save 5% 360 Sportsmen Use discount code: FIRSTGEN15 Camofire Black Ovis AlienGear Holsters FORLOH Fox River Socks Gunskins Tipton Gun Cleaning Accessories Outdoor Edge Kuiu Tactical Hunting Apparel
Greg Bourne, former BP Australasia president, once worked alongside Australia’s biggest LNG venture: Woodside’s North West Shelf. Now a councillor at the Climate Council, he warns extending the project will unleash billions of tonnes of emissions and threaten tens of thousands of ancient rock carvings, while delivering a “pittance” in economic benefit to Australia. Yet Bourne says the decision to keep the project running until 2070 was almost inevitable, after decades of lobbying in Canberra. Today, Greg Bourne on how Woodside got the green light – and the reform he says is needed to stop the next fossil-fuel behemoth. If you enjoy 7am, the best way you can support us is by making a contribution at 7ampodcast.com.au/support. Socials: Stay in touch with us on Instagram Guest: Former BP Australasia president, Greg Bourne. Photo: AAP Image/Supplied by Woodside EnergySee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
The Maury Island Incident wasn't just a weird UFO story — it was the first X-File, complete with FBI agents, bomber crashes, and shadowy Men in Black.In Part 2 of our conversation with filmmaker and historian Steve Edmiston, Shea and Jody pull you deep into the tangled webs of the Maury Island mystery. Why did J. Edgar Hoover take personal interest in a Washington state UFO case? What secrets were sealed away for 50 years? And was Fred Crisman a truth-teller or just a chaos-loving sociopath? Expect wild laughs, sharp insights, and deep dives into the Men in Black birthday bash, hidden military tests, and why UFO stories still haunt the Northwest.Listen for our behind-the-scenes takes, award-winning costumes, and why Shea and Jody might just show up at this year's bash. https://mibbbfest.squarespace.com/✨ Chapters:00:00 Welcome Back & Bash Teasers10:30 FBI Takes Over UFO Investigation22:15 Agent Jack Wilcox: The First Mulder35:45 Crisman: Sociopath or Storyteller?52:00 Military Secrets vs. UFOs1:05:20 Industrial Waste Theories1:18:00 Future Film & Series Ideas1:25:00 The (Very Real) Struggles of Podcasting
Strap in for suspense, mistaken identity, and a cross-country chase as Movie Mistrial dives into Alfred Hitchcock's stylish thriller, North by Northwest.North by Northwest is a dazzling mix of espionage, romance, and action, showcasing Hitchcock at the height of his powers. Cary Grant's suave performance, the sharp screenplay, and iconic set pieces—like the crop duster chase and Mount Rushmore climax—make it a thrilling and entertaining ride that helped define the modern spy thriller.While undeniably influential, some might argue North by Northwest leans more on spectacle than substance. Its implausible plot and light character development can feel dated or overly polished to viewers seeking deeper emotional stakes.Join us as we dissect this high-stakes classic and ask: Is North by Northwest Hitchcock's most fun film—or simply a stylish diversion?Connect with us and share your thoughts:Twitter: http://tiny.cc/MistrialTwitterFacebook: http://tiny.cc/MistrialFBInstagram: http://tiny.cc/MistrialInstaVisit our website, www.moviemistrial.com, for more captivating episodes and to stay up-to-date with all things movies.
Charlie Eisenhood and Josh Mansfield recap the Northwest Disc Golf Championship, talk about AB's hole 18, look at Gannon & Holyn stats, and discuss some of the most interesting storylines from the weekend.
TitanDiscGolf.com presents Staggered Stance! Listeners of the show get a special discount when they checkout with code "staggeredstance"! Be sure to check them out online for all of your disc golf needs. #ad Subscribe for more videos! Podcast: https://soundcloud.com/user-133590777 iTunes Spotify Google Follow Us: https://www.instagram.com/thestaggeredstance http://facebook.com/thenickandmattshow https://mobile.twitter.com/thenickandmatt1 Music LIcense: LY0XEIIZ6CWSMDGO XRVZVZ7BAOBWP7DX 1YAVSUTMQNQBG9PA KTNCHLXZHCSSWHNT
Thanks for checking out the podcast. Please rate, comment, and review us on your favorite streaming platform.Instagram: Door_Disc_Golf and Night_Owls_PodDoor Disc Golf Online: https://doordisc.com/Door Disc Golf Youtibe: https://www.youtube.com/@doordiscgolf
Crusaders Charge into Summer Reading is Northwest Christian's annual summer reading campaign. During the summer of 2025, we're jumping -- with both feet! -- into Tim Kimmel's "Raising Kids for True Greatness - Redefining Success for Your Child". Throughout Summer 2025, swing by the school's offices to pick up a free copy and join us!Both feet? Yes! The school's two podcasts -- Kingdom Culture Conversations and Off the Page -- are each working through the book all summer.On Off the Page, Geoff and G are working through the book chapter-by-chapter, taking a deep dive into the ideas, concepts, and principles that will help us all, as parents, to reframe how we approach raising our kids.Then, on Kingdom Culture Conversations, we are spending time with the "Top 10" list found at the conclusion of each chapter within the book. Specifically, we are putting those lists in front of members of the NCS faculty and community that might be able to offer insights based on their role in the school."Kingdom Culture Conversations" is a podcast created through Frameworks, a Biblical worldview initiative of Northwest Christian School.For more information on Frameworks, please visit: https://frameworks.ncsaz.org/For more information on Northwest Christian School, visit: https://www.ncsaz.org/To reach out to Geoff Brown, please email gbrown@ncsaz.org or you can reach him by cell phone: (623)225-5573.
Ann previews the Final Round of the U.S. Women's Open and The Memorial, talks about golfing in the North West region of Ireland with John McLaughlin, North and West Coast Irish Links and Alan Maloney of Mount Falcon Estate, and interviews Timothy Gay, author, 'Rory Land: The Up-and-Down World of Golf's Global Icon.'
Ann talks about golfing in the North West region of Ireland with John McLaughlin, North and West Coast Irish Links, about planning a trip to that region, the top links courses to play, what Mount Falcon Estate has to offer, and the authentic Irish experience.
Former SPD Chief Adrian Diaz sues Seattle, King County assessor faces resignation calls over restraining order, and we remember Northwest bluesman Bill Engelhart. It’s our daily roundup of top stories from the KUOW newsroom, with host Ruby de Luna. We can only make Seattle Now because listeners support us. Tap here to make a gift and keep Seattle Now in your feed. Got questions about local news or story ideas to share? We want to hear from you! Email us at seattlenow@kuow.org, leave us a voicemail at (206) 616-6746 or leave us feedback online.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
Hunter gets you ready for all of the storylines heading into this weekends tournament! Subscribe ► https://youtube.com/@GripLocked?sub_confirmation=1 Check out the Store: http://foundationdiscs.com Patreon: http://patreon.com/foundationdiscgolf Foundation Disc Golf: http://youtube.com/foundationdiscgolf
Last time we spoke about the Xi'an Incident. In December 1936, tensions in China erupted as Nationalist General Chiang Kai-shek faced a revolt led by his commanders, Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng. Disillusioned by Chiang's focus on battling communists instead of the Japanese invaders, the generals swiftly captured him in a coup. Confined in Xi'an, Chiang initially resisted their demands for a united front against Japan but eventually engaged in negotiation with Zhang and the Chinese Communist Party. As public sentiment shifted against him, Chiang's predicament led to urgent discussions, culminating in an unexpected alliance with the communists. This pact aimed to consolidate Chinese resistance against Japanese aggression, marking a critical turning point in the Second Sino-Japanese War. By December 26, Chiang was released, and this uneasy collaboration set the stage for a more unified front against a common enemy, though underlying tensions remained between the factions. #152 China Prepares for War Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. Before we jump into the Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937-1945, which I honestly have no idea how long will take us, I thought it would be a good idea to dedicate two episodes to how both China and Japan prepared themselves for war. Going all the way back to the 1910s, Chinese intellectuals began to view an outright conflict between Japan and China was inevitable. In the discussions about China's strategic options, Jiang Fangzhen pioneered a strategy of protracted warfare, a concept that would later shape China's approach during the Sino-Japanese War. Having studied in Japan during his youth, Jiang developed a keen understanding of the Japanese government and military. As early as 1917, he predicted that China and Japan would become embroiled in a long-term conflict, with the battleground likely to be west of the Peiping–Wuhan and Guangzhou–Wuhan railways. In his work titled "Guofang Lun" or “On National Defense”, Jiang reiterated the importance of protracted warfare as a means to thwart Japan's aspirations for a swift victory. He argued that China should leverage its vast population and extensive territory to extend the conflict, gradually wearing down Japanese strength and turning the situation to its advantage. Jiang recommended that China not focus on defending its coastal regions but instead confront the enemy west of the Peking–Wuhan Railway. Chiang Kai-shek would eventually come to share Jiang's belief that “the longer the war drags on, the more advantageous it will be for China.” Despite significant public criticism, both the Nationalist government and General Zhang Xueliang, decided against military resistance when Japan invaded Manchuria in September 1931 and attacked Shanghai in 1932. Chiang was particularly hesitant to engage Japan directly, as he was also dealing with a Communist insurgency in central China. He feared that Chinese forces would suffer quick defeat, predicting that Japan would capture key coastal areas and critical infrastructure within just three days, crippling China by dismantling its military and economic lifelines. Following the invasion of North China Chiang was forced to adopt a firmer stance. The Nationalist government proposed a dual strategy of pursuing peace and security while simultaneously preparing for war. If peace proved impossible, China would mobilize its resources for ultimate victory through prolonged conflict. This approach was formalized in the National Defense Plan, which China adopted by prioritizing protracted warfare as its core strategy. After the Sino-Japanese clash in Shanghai on January 28, 1932, the Military Affairs Commission devised a plan that divided China into four defense areas along with a preparation area. While some troops were assigned local security, commanders were directed to concentrate their remaining forces for potential confrontations with Japan. That year, the Military Affairs Commission issued General Defense Guidelines that outlined two strategic responses to a potential Japanese invasion. The first, conservative approach focused on maintaining key positions and utilizing protracted warfare to impede the enemy. The second strategy advocated for decisive battles in key regions to thwart Japan's ambitions and protect China's territorial integrity, prioritizing disengagement from Japanese forces along the Yangtze River and coastline. In August 1935, German military adviser General Alexander von Falkenhausen provided recommendations to Chiang Kai-shek based on his predictions of Japanese advance routes into China. He identified three main routes: one from northern Hebei to Zhengzhou, the second from Shandong toward Xuzhou, and the third crossing the Yangtze River to Nanjing and onwards to Wuhan. He suggested treating the Yangtze River as the primary combat zone and highlighted Sichuan as a possible retreat area. Taking all of this into consideration. in 1936, a draft of a new National Defense Plan divided the country into four zones: a war zone, a defense zone, an internal security zone, and a preparation area. The war zone encompassed ten provinces and established strategies for retreating to predetermined defensive positions when necessary, with Sichuan designated as the main base for the war. In January 1937, the Chinese General Staff Department introduced its annual War Plan, outlining three possible military conflict regions between China and Japan. It proposed two main strategies: Proposal A emphasized sustained combat and retreat to fortified positions if the situation became unfavorable, aiming to eventually go on the offensive against Japan. Proposal B focused on repelling Japanese invasions along the coast and from the north, prioritizing counter offensives against Japanese units stationed near key locations. To prepare, the NRA completed several critical projects outlined in its plans, establishing military supply depots in Nanjing, Bengbu, Xinyang, Huayin, Nanchang, and Wuchang to manage logistics for supplies across various strategic railways. These depots were equipped to sustain the military, with ample ammunition and provisions, including 60 million rounds of small-arms ammunition and food for hundreds of thousands. Despite these preparations, not all projects were completed by the time war broke out in July 1937. In contrast to the Japanese military's tactics, Chinese forces prioritized defensive strategies. For example, at the Mount Lushan Military Officer Training Camp in July 1934, Chiang Kai-shek outlined four possible approaches against Japan, favoring a defense-as-offense strategy. Other options included building fortifications, tenaciously defending key positions, and employing guerrilla warfare through irregular forces to constrain enemy advances. Chiang stressed the importance of national mobilization for the war effort. There was a significant disparity in equipment between the Japanese and Chinese armies. To give you an idea, each Japanese division included a mechanized group featuring thirty-nine light military vehicles and 21 light armored cars, supplemented by 6,000–7,000 horses, 200–300 automobiles, and specialized troops such as poison gas teams. In contrast, Nationalist divisions lacked any of these capabilities, a typical nationalist division theoretically had an armored regiment, but this unit was equipped with fewer than 72 armored vehicles. Another major weakness of the Nationalist forces was their insufficient artillery. In 1936, a division was officially assigned one artillery battalion, which was divided into three batteries totaling twelve guns. It also included a mechanized cannon company with four direct-fire weapons. By comparison, a Japanese division boasted four infantry regiments and one mountain artillery or field artillery regiment, with each artillery regiment comprising three field artillery battalions and one howitzer battalion. The infantry regiment itself included a mountain artillery section with four mountain guns, while the infantry battalion had one Type 70 mountain gun section with two guns. In total, a Japanese division possessed sixty-four artillery pieces of various calibers, four times the number of a Chinese division and of significantly higher quality. In reality, in 1936, twelve of the twenty elite Chinese “reformed divisions” still lacked artillery battalions. The ordnance available in the “reformed divisions” mostly consisted of the outdated Type 60 mountain gun. Nationwide, very few of the 200 divisions were equipped with any artillery, and those that did often used obsolete field artillery pieces or mountain artillery provided to local forces. Some units even relied on trench mortars as a makeshift solution. The artillery weapons came from various countries, but they frequently lacked necessary observation and signal components, and were often low on ammunition. The majority of mountain guns and field artillery were of the Type 75, which, while capable of providing fire support, had limited range and inflicted minimal damage. To give you an idea of the striking inadequacy of the Chinese artillery, during the Shanghai fighting in 1937, the mountain artillery of the Guangxi 21st Army Group could only reach targets within 1,200 yards, while Japanese field artillery had an effective range of 8,000 yards. Chinese-made mountain artillery suffered due to inferior steel-making technology; the gun shields were constructed from low-quality steel, and the barrels often overheated after firing just a few rounds, increasing the risk of explosions. Additionally, the equipment of local forces varied greatly in quality. In fact, some local units had superior equipment compared to Nationalist units. For example, before the Sino-Japanese War, troops from Yunnan were equipped with French antitank guns and heavy machine guns, which were better than the German water-cooled machine guns used by the Nationalist forces. However, the majority of local troops relied on inferior equipment; the 122nd Division under Wang Mingzhang from Sichuan, noted for its brave defense of Tengxian County during the Xuzhou Battle, was armed with locally produced light and heavy machine guns that frequently malfunctioned, and their Type 79 rifles, also made in Sichuan, were often outdated, with some dating back to the Qing Dynasty. These weapons had limited range and sometimes malfunctioned after fewer than one hundred rounds. Now before the war, both Nationalist and local forces acquired weaponry from diverse foreign and domestic sources. Even domestically produced weapons lacked standardization, with those made in Hanyang and Manchuria differing in design and specifications. Arms manufactured in Germany, France, Russia, Japan, and Italy were similarly inconsistent. Consequently, even within a single unit, the lack of uniformity created significant logistical challenges, undermining combat effectiveness, particularly in the early stages of the war. Despite Nationalist ordnance factories producing over three million rounds of small-arms ammunition daily, the incompatibility of ammunition and weapons diminished the usable quantity of ammunition. Chinese communications infrastructure was inadequate. In the Nationalist army, signal units were integrated into engineering units, leading to low-quality radio communications. In emergencies, telegrams could remain undelivered for days, and orders often had to be dispatched via postal services. By 1937, the entire country boasted only 3,000 military vehicles, necessitating heavy reliance on horses and mules for transport. To effectively equip twenty Nationalist divisions, 10,647 horses and 20,688 mules were needed, but by the end of 1935, only 6,206 horses and 4,351 mules were available. A statistic from 1936 indicated a 5 percent mortality rate among military horses, with some units experiencing a rate as high as 10 percent. The distribution of weaponry led to disputes during army reorganization efforts following the Northern Expedition. Although Chiang Kai-shek's forces were part of the regular army, the quality of their equipment varied significantly. Domestic production of weapons was limited, and imports could not close the gap. Priority was given to small arms; through army reorganization, Chiang aimed to diminish the influence of forces less loyal to him. Nationalist army staff officers observed that troops loyal to Chiang received the best weapons. Northwest and Northeast forces, having cultivated good relations with the KMT, were similarly better equipped, while Shanxi troops received inferior supplies. Troops associated with the Guangxi Clique were given even poorer quality weapons due to their leaders' stronger political ambitions. Troops regarded as “bandit forces,” such as those led by Shi Yousan, Li Hongchang, and Sun Dianying, were naturally assigned the least effective weaponry. This unequal distribution of arms increased some local forces' inclination to align with the KMT while alienating others, which inadvertently led to additional turmoil in the aftermath of the Northern Expedition. Logistical accounting within the Nationalist military was severely lacking. Military expenditures accounted for a significant portion of government spending, roughly 65.48 % in 1937, with personnel costs being the largest component. However, military units prioritized boosting their own resources over accurate accounting. Surpluses were not returned but rather utilized to reward military officers and soldiers for merits in battle, care for the wounded, or to create a reserve. Conversely, if deficits arose, troops would resort to “living off vacancies,” a practice in which they would fail to report desertions promptly and would falsely claim new soldiers had arrived. Military leaders typically appointed their most trusted subordinates to serve as accountants and logistic officers. As the war commenced, these issues became readily apparent. During the Battle of Shanghai in 1937, frontline soldiers sometimes went days without food and went months without pay. Wounded soldiers and civilians had to search tirelessly for medical treatment, and when main forces relocated, they often abandoned grain, ammunition, weapons, and petroleum along the way. General Chen Cheng, the commander in chief during the Battle of Shanghai, noted, “This phenomenon clearly revealed our inability to supply frontline troops, indicating that China remains a backward country with poor management.” Many logistical shortcomings severely impacted troop morale and combat effectiveness. In a 1933 speech, Chiang Kai-shek acknowledged that poor food, inadequate clothing, and ineffective logistics contributed to widespread desertion. Soldiers were further demoralized by reduced or embezzled salaries. A lack of professional medical staff and equipment hampered healthcare efforts, leading to high disease and mortality rates. According to official statistics from 1936, approximately 10 percent of soldiers fell ill annually, with a mortality rate as high as 5 percent. Japanese military authorities reported that one in three wounded Japanese soldiers died, while a Dutch military officer present during the early stages of the Sino-Japanese War observed that one in every two wounded Nationalist soldiers perished. Due to inadequate equipment and limited transport options, Nationalist forces were compelled to recruit farmers and rent vehicles, as they lacked essential facilities such as tents. This reliance on local resources inevitably led to frequent conflicts between military personnel and civilians. China is clearly a vast nation with an extensive coastline, requiring the construction of several significant fortresses during the modern era. These included Wusong, Jiangyin, Zhenjiang, Jiangning, and Wuhan along the Yangtze River, as well as Zhenhai, Humen, and Changzhou along the seacoast. Except for the Wuhan fortress, built in 1929-1930, all other fortifications were established during the late Qing Dynasty and featured uncovered cannon batteries. These fortresses suffered from inadequate maintenance, and many of their components had become outdated and irreplaceable, rendering them militarily negligible. Following the January 1932 Shanghai Incident, the Japanese military destroyed the Wusong forts, leaving the entrance to the Yangtze River completely unfortified. Consequently, there were no defenses along the coastline from Jiangsu to Shandong, allowing the Japanese to land freely. In December 1932, the Military Affairs Commission established a fortress group tasked with constructing fortresses and defensive installations, seeking assistance from German military advisers. After the North China Incident in 1935, the Nationalist government accelerated the construction of defensive structures in line with national war planning, focusing particularly on Nanjing. The Nationalists prioritized building fortifications along the seacoast and the Yellow River, followed by key regions north of the Yellow River. The government also ordered a significant quantity of heavy artillery from Germany. This included several dozen pieces of flat-fire antiaircraft and dual-purpose heavy artillery, which were installed at fortifications in Jiangyin, Zhenjiang, Nanjing, and Wuhan. By the summer of 1937, the construction of nine fortified positions was complete: Nanjing, Zhenjiang, Jiangyin, Ningbo, Humen, Mawei, Xiamen , Nantong, and Lianyungang. In total, China had established 41 forts and equipped them with 273 fortress cannons. Some defensive installations were poorly managed, with many units assigned to their perimeters lacking training and access to proper maps. The barbette positions in the fortresses were not well concealed and could hardly store sufficient ammunition. Troops stationed at these fortresses received little training. Despite these shortcomings, the fortresses and fortifications were not entirely ineffective. They bolstered Chinese positions along the defense line stretching from Cangxian County to Baoding and from Dexian County to Shijiazhuang, as well as in southern Shandong. Before the war, China's political and economic center was situated along the seacoast and the Yangtze River. As Japanese influence expanded, the Nationalist government was compelled to establish bases in China's inner regions, very similar to how the USSR pulled back its industry further west after Operation barbarossa.The Japanese attack on Shanghai in 1932 prompted the Nationalists to relocate their capital to Luoyang. On March 5, during the Second Plenary Session of the KMT's Fourth Congress, the Western Capital Preparation Committee was formed to plan for the potential relocation of all governmental bodies to Xi'an in the event of full-scale war. In February 1933, the Central Political Conference approved the Northwest Development Bill, and in February 1934, the National Economic Commission set up a northwestern branch to oversee development projects in the region. On October 18, 1934, Chiang Kai-shek traveled to Lanzhou, recording in his diary that “Northwest China has abundant resources. Japan and Russia are poised to bully us. Yet, if we strengthen ourselves and develop northwest China to the fullest extent, we can turn it into a base for China's revival.” Interestingly, it was Sichuan, rather than the northwest, that became China's rear base during the 2nd Sino-Japanese War. In October 1934, the Communist army evacuated its Soviet base in southern China, initiating the Long March that would ultimately end in the northwest. By this time, Chiang Kai-shek had decided to designate Sichuan as the last stronghold for China. In January 1935, the Nanchang Field Headquarters of the Military Affairs Commission, responsible for combatting the Communists and serving as the supreme military and political authority over most provinces along the Yangtze River and central China, dispatched a special advisory group to Chongqing. Following this, the Nationalist army advanced into Sichuan. On February 10, the Nationalists appointed a new provincial government in Sichuan, effectively ending the province's long-standing regionalism. On March 2, Chiang traveled to Chongqing, where he delivered a speech underscoring that “Sichuan should serve as the base for China's revival.” He stated that he was in Sichuan to oversee efforts against the Communist army and to unify the provincial administration. After the Xinhai revolution, the Republic of China was still suing the Qing Dynasty's conscription system. However, once in power, the Nationalist government sought to establish a national military service program. In 1933, it enacted a military service law, which began implementation in 1936. This law categorized military service into two branches: service in the Nationalist army and in territorial citizen army units. Men aged eighteen to forty-five were expected to serve in the territorial units if they did not enlist in the Nationalist army. The territorial service was structured into three phases: active service lasting two to three years, first reserves for six years, and second reserves until the age of forty-five. The Ministry of Military Affairs divided China into sixty divisional conscription headquarters, initially establishing these headquarters in the six provinces of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Henan, and Hubei. By December 1936, approximately 50,000 new soldiers had been drafted. The military service law disproportionately favored the middle and upper classes. Government personnel were exempt from enlistment, allowing privileged families to register their children with government agencies. Similarly, students in middle and higher education were excused from service, while youth from poorer backgrounds often felt compelled to enlist due to financial constraints that limited their educational opportunities. Village and town leaders were responsible for executing the recruitment process and frequently conspired with army recruiters. Recruitment principles often favored wealthier families, with guidelines stating that one son should be drafted for every three sons, two for five sons, but no drafts if there was only one son. Wealthy families could secure exemptions for all their male children, while poor families might see their only son conscripted if they were unable to provide the requisite bribe. Town and village heads wielded significant power in recruitment. This new recruitment system also created numerous money-making opportunities. Military personnel assigned to escort draftees to their units would often allow draftees to escape for a fee. Additionally, draftees could monetize their service by agreeing to serve as substitutes for others. For some, being drafted became an occupation. For example, in 1936, 600 individuals were drafted in the Wuhu area of Anhui province, and accounts from regional administrators indicated that every draftee had either been traded, replaced, or seized. Beginning in 1929, the Nationalist government also instituted military training for high school students and older individuals. Students were required to participate in one theoretical class and one practical class each week, totaling three hours. Starting in 1934, students had to complete a three-month military training program before graduating. Graduates of military academies were employed as military instructors. By the end of 1936, over 237,000 high school students had undergone military training. This student military training was overseen by the Society for the Implementation of the Three People's Principles of Sun Yat-sen, which also provided political education and sometimes gathered information on students' political beliefs. Although the Nationalists made significant efforts to improve the military training of both officers and troops, they inherited deep-seated challenges that they were unable to completely overcome. A lack of facilities, outdated training manuals, low regard for military instructors, and the ongoing influence of regionalism and warlordism hindered progress. The Japanese would also later exploit these shortcomings of the Nationalist army. The Central Military Academy, which evolved from the Whampoa Military Academy established in 1923 in Guangzhou to train officers for the Northern Expedition, became the primary training institution for junior military officers. The academy offered a basic course, lasting eighteen months, which included general education, specialized training in various subjects, and field practice. This was followed by a two-year cadet training program focused on developing the skills necessary for junior military officers. Seventeen classes were admitted before the outbreak of war. Admission to the academy was highly competitive, with military officers receiving attractive salaries. For instance, in 1935, the academy received 10,000 applications for the twelfth class, but only 7% were accepted. Upon graduation, cadets were typically assigned to divisions within the Nationalist army loyal to Chiang Kai-shek. Their training, influenced by German advisors, resulted in a high-quality cadre. In modern China, most sergeants were veterans. While some units provided training for sergeants, a lack of formal education led to their diminished status. Truly qualified sergeants were rare. During his tenure as Minister of Military Training, General Bai Chongxi proposed establishing a sergeant school and creating a professional noncommissioned officer system; however, the Ministry of Military Affairs opposed this on financial grounds. While commanding officers enjoyed rapid promotions, military instructors did not. Furthermore, there was no system for transferring instructors to field commands or assigning commanders to military academies for extended periods. Despite minor updates to cover modern warfare concepts such as tank warfare and machine guns, Qing Dynasty military manuals were still in use at the Central Military Academy at the start of the war. Yeah, 1937 they were still rocking the old Qing books. Following the establishment of the Ministry of Military Training, a bureau for military translation was set up to evaluate existing course materials and translate military manuals, but its contributions were limited. Another significant shortcoming of military instruction focused on theory at the expense of practical application. To enhance the quality of military officers, the Nationalist army instituted specialized schools for artillery, infantry, transport, engineering, and signals starting in 1931. These institutions were considered to have high-quality administrators and facilities. The Nationalists adopted German military training models, replacing the previously used Japanese models. They appointed German advisors to oversee instructor training at military academies and established three instructional divisions. By the onset of the Sino-Japanese War, 15,000 students had graduated from programs with a German military influence, resulting in the creation of about fifty combat divisions from these instructional units. However, the progress of other Nationalist army units was limited because their training was not aligned with contemporary battlefield realities. Before World War I, troops operated in close formations due to limited firepower. The widespread introduction of machine guns after World War I necessitated a shift to dispersed formations. Although a new drill manual issued by the Ministry of Military Training in 1935 introduced small-group tactics, few units adopted these methods. General Chen Cheng highlighted another underlying issue in 1938, commenting on the outmoded focus on parade ground drills and formal military manners. He noted, “We have paid too much attention to stereotypical formality and procedures of no practical use. Sometimes, even though soldiers could not get a haircut or take a bath for several months, their camps had to be in order. They underwent intensive training in close-order drill but learned little about gun handling, marksmanship, or maneuvering. This was inappropriate in peacetime, yet we continued this practice even after the Sino-Japanese War started, even using it on highly educated youth.” In contrast, the Communist army simplified training, emphasizing two essential skills: live-fire exercises and physical endurance, which significantly enhanced troop effectiveness in the challenging terrain characteristic of the Sino-Japanese War. Ultimately, the Nationalist army's training did not reach all soldiers. Only about half of all combat soldiers received adequate training, while the rest were neglected. According to statistics from the time, there were approximately five million military personnel during the Sino-Japanese War, with three million serving in logistics. Most of these logistics personnel had received little training, leading to disastrous consequences for overall combat effectiveness. As warfare has become more complex, the role of highly trained staff officers has become increasingly important. Napoleon developed operational plans close to the front and communicated orders via courier. During World War I, military commanders collected information at their headquarters and utilized telephones and automobiles to relay orders to the front lines. In World War II, with the battlefield expanding to include land, sea, and air, senior commanders often made decisions from headquarters far from the action, relying on a significant number of staff officers with specialized skills to keep them informed. In China, however, the staff officer system was underdeveloped. By 1937, only about 2,000 commanders and staff officers had received training. Prior to the Sino-Japanese War, most commanders managed staff work themselves, with staff officers serving primarily as military secretaries who drafted orders, reports, and maps. Many staff officers had no formal military training, and as a whole, the branch lacked respect, causing the most talented officers to avoid serving in it. The situation was even more dire for staff officer departments within local forces. For example, in March 1937, Liu Ziqing, a graduate of the Whampoa Military Academy, was appointed as the director of political instruction in the Forty-fourth Army, a unit under Sichuan warlord Liu Xiang. Liu Ziqing's account illustrates the dysfunction within the ranks: “The commander in chief was not supposed to manage the army and even did not know its whereabouts... But he could appoint relatives and former subordinates—who were officials and businessmen as well—to the army. Each month they would receive a small stipend. At headquarters, there was a long table and two rows of chairs. Around ten o'clock in the morning, senior officers signed in to indicate their presence. Those with other business would leave, while the remaining officers sat down to leisurely discuss star actresses, fortune-telling, business projects, mah-jongg, and opium. Occasionally they would touch on national affairs, chat about news articles, or share local gossip. In the afternoons, they primarily played mah-jongg, held banquets, and visited madams. Most mornings, the commander usually presided over these activities, and at first, I reported for duty as well. But I soon realized it was a waste of time and came very rarely. At headquarters, most staff members wore long gowns or Western-style suits, while military uniforms were a rare sight.” Most senior military personnel were trained at the Baoding Military Academy during the early republic. 2/3rds of commanders in chief, 37 %of army commanders, and 20 % of division commanders were Baoding graduates. Higher-ranking officers were more likely to have launched their careers there. In contrast, only 10 % of division commanders and a few army commanders were graduates of the Whampoa Military Academy. Additionally, commanders trained in local military schools and those with combat experience accounted for 1/3rd of all commanders. While the prevalence of civil war provided opportunities for rapid promotion, it also hindered officers' ability to update their training or gain experience in different military branches. German advisors expressed their concerns to Chiang Kai-shek, emphasizing that officers should first serve in junior roles before taking command. During one battle in 1938, Chiang noted, “Our commanders in chief are equivalent only to our enemy's regiment commanders, and our army and division commanders are only as competent as our enemy's battalion and company commanders.” Despite not viewing high-ranking Japanese officers as great strategists, Nationalist officers respected them as highly competent, diligent, and professional commanders who rarely made critical errors. The infantry was the primary component of the Nationalist army, with middle and junior infantry officers constituting over 80 %of all army officers. A 1936 registry of military officers listed 1,105 colonels and 2,159 lieutenant colonels within the infantry, demonstrating a significant outnumbering of Baoding graduates at ranks below lieutenant colonel. However, the quality of middle and junior infantry officers declined during the Sino-Japanese War; by 1944, only 27.3 % of these officers were from formal military academies, while those promoted from the ranks increased to 28.1 %. In 1937, 80 % of officers in an ordinary infantry battalion were military academy graduates, but this percentage dropped to 20 % during the war. Its hard to tell how educated soldiers were before the war, but it is generally believed that most were illiterate. In 1929, sociologist Tao Menghe surveyed 946 soldiers from a Shanxi garrison brigade and found that only 13 percent could compose a letter independently, while the rest had either never learned to read or were unable to write. In contrast, in August 1938, General Feng Yuxiang found that 80 percent of a regiment in Hunan were literate. Regardless, during the Sino-Japanese War, the quality of recruits steadily declined. More than 90 percent of soldiers were illiterate, and few possessed any basic scientific knowledge, which hindered their ability to master their weapons. On the battlefield, they heavily relied on middle and junior officers for guidance. In autumn 1933, General Hans von Seeckt, the architect of the post World War I German army, visited China at the personal invitation of Chiang Kai-shek. In his recommendations for military reform, he identified China's greatest problem as its excessively large forces drawn from diverse backgrounds. He stated, “At present, the most pressing goal is to... establish a small, well-equipped army with high morale and combat effectiveness to replace the numerous poorly armed and trained forces.” He suggested forming an army of sixty divisions and recommended the establishment of a training regiment for military officers to equip them with the skills needed for modern warfare. Chiang Kai-shek accepted von Seeckt's proposals, and on January 26, 1935, he convened a National Military Reorganization Conference in Nanjing. On March 1, the Army Reorganization Bureau was established in Wuchang, under the leadership of General Chen Cheng. In the same month, General Alexander von Falkenhausen took charge of the German Military Advisors Group. Before war broke out, around nineteen divisions, roughly 300,000 troops received training from German advisors and were equipped with German-style weapons. At the onset of the Sino-Japanese War, the forces stemming from the First Army of the National Revolutionary Army and the Whampoa cadets, who had fought in the Northern Expedition, held the highest reputation and were referred to as the “core central forces” by the Japanese. Other notable forces included the Guangxi Army, Northwestern Army, Northeastern Army, some Uyghur units, the Guangdong Army, and the Shanxi Army. In contrast, provincial forces such as the Yunnan Army and Sichuan Army were viewed less favorably. Nationalist forces were generally far inferior to those of the Japanese enemy. In 1937, General He Yingqin noted that Nationalist forces had failed to prevail in 1932 and 1933, even when outnumbering the Japanese by 4-1. In November 1937, during a national defense conference, Chiang Kai-shek stated, "In recent years we have worked hard, prepared actively, and achieved national unification. By the time of the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, we were in a better domestic situation and had improved military preparedness compared to before. Since 1935, our strength has doubled. It increased by more than two to three times since January 1932 or September 1931 [when Japan attacked Shanghai and Mukden]. If peace had been achievable, we should have delayed the war for two or three years. Given an additional three years, our defensive capabilities would have been drastically different... Now, if we merely compare the military strength of China and Japan, we are certainly inferior." However, such assessments were overly optimistic, as Chiang failed to recognize that Japan's military capabilities would not have stagnated. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. Generalissimo Chiang Kai-Shek certainly was dealt a difficult hand of cards for the upcoming poker match he was to play. Yet the Chinese were resilient and they had to be for the absolute horror that would be inflicted upon them from 1937-1945. Until this point, their enemies had been far more lenient, the Empire of Japan would show no mercy.