The Irish Nation Lives

De Valera's return from the United States saw a disagreement over the conduct of the War of Independence. He believed that the ambushes and assassinations were mere “pinpricks” and that to bring the British to the negotiating table they would need large propaganda spectacles. Months of planning eventually led to the attack on the Custom House; seen by some as the blow that broke the British military and by others as a disaster which almost destroyed the IRA. References: T. Ryle Dwyer - “The Squad” David McCullagh - “De Valera: Rise” Las Fallon - Burning the Custom House: https://www.thejournal.ie/readme/custom-house-dublin-fire-brigade-5446490-May2021/ Oscar Traynor - BMH statement: https://www.militaryarchives.ie/collections/online-collections/bureau-of-military-history-1913-1921/reels/bmh/BMH.WS0340.pdf The Clock is Still Going - Custom House Commemoration: https://www.customhousecommemoration.com Photos from South Dublin Libraries: http://hdl.handle.net/10599/11044, http://hdl.handle.net/10599/10625, http://hdl.handle.net/10599/10622 Social Media: Twitter: https://twitter.com/theirishnation Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TheIrishNationLives/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/theirishnationlives/ Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/theirishnationlives iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/ie/podcast/the-irish-nation-lives Main Sources: Military Archives - http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie Century Ireland - https://www.rte.ie/centuryireland Diarmuid Lynch, Irish Revolutionary - http://diarmuidlynch.weebly.com/ Atlas of the Irish Revolution Maurice Walsh - “Bitter Freedom” Charles Townshend - "The Republic" Michael Hopkinson - ”The Irish War of Independence” Diarmuid Ferriter - “A Nation and not a Rabble” Richard Abbot - “Police Casualties in Ireland 1919 - 1922” Photos: Military Archives NLI Flickr account Wiki Commons

As the War of Independence approached its conclusion another conflict was taking shape; that between Michael Collins and Cathal Brugha. Most often Brugha is castigated as petty, bitter and jealous, trying to knock down the man who was single handedly fighting off the British. The reality is that Brugha was unnerved by the power Collins possessed, alongside his leadership of a shadowy, secret organisation... References: Tim Pat Coogan - “Michael Collins” Peter Hart - “Mick: The Real Michael Collins” Dolan and Murphy - “Michael Collins: The Man and the Revolution” Doherty and Keogh (editors) - “Michael Collins and the making of the Irish State” Dail Debates, 25 January 1921 - https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1921-01-25/8/ Social Media: Twitter: https://twitter.com/theirishnation Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TheIrishNationLives/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/theirishnationlives/ Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/theirishnationlives iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/ie/podcast/the-irish-nation-lives Main Sources: Military Archives - http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie Century Ireland - https://www.rte.ie/centuryireland Diarmuid Lynch, Irish Revolutionary - http://diarmuidlynch.weebly.com/ Atlas of the Irish Revolution Maurice Walsh - “Bitter Freedom” Charles Townshend - "The Republic" Michael Hopkinson - ”The Irish War of Independence” Diarmuid Ferriter - “A Nation and not a Rabble” Richard Abbot - “Police Casualties in Ireland 1919 - 1922” Photos: Military Archives NLI Flickr account Wiki Commons

While de Valera had plans to remain on in the United States into 1921, his stay came to an end in December. By then he had moved against the Friends of Irish Freedom and created a new organisation, though he had left before it grew to over 700,000 members. He would leave as quietly has he had arrived, but he and the Irish Delegation had done much to promote Ireland's cause, as well as doing much to unbalance Irish-America. References: David McCullagh - “De Valera: Rise” Dave Hannigan - “De Valera in America” Eileen McGough - “Diarmuid Lynch: A Forgotten Irish Patriot” David Fitzpatrick - “Harry Boland's Irish Revolution” Social Media: Twitter: https://twitter.com/theirishnation Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TheIrishNati... Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/theirishnat... Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/theirishnation... iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/ie/podcast/t... Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/maniacalinc Main Sources: Military Archives - http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie Century Ireland - https://www.rte.ie/centuryireland Diarmuid Lynch, Irish Revolutionary - http://diarmuidlynch.weebly.com/ Atlas of the Irish Revolution Maurice Walsh - “Bitter Freedom” Charles Townshend - "The Republic" Michael Hopkinson - ”The Irish War of Independence” Diarmuid Ferriter - “A Nation and not a Rabble” Richard Abbot - “Police Casualties in Ireland 1919 - 1922” Photos: Military Archives NLI Flickr account Wiki Commons

Two men are claimed to have been shot during the false surrender, not 3 as given here. The Kilmichael Ambush stands as one of the most famous actions of the War of Independence but remains shrouded in mystery. An audacious operation which boosted Republican morale and shocked the British government, debate continues over the false surrender alleged by Tom Barry and suggestions he had prisoners executed in cold blood. While the truth is probably somewhere in the middle, it continues to cause controversy 100 years on. If you are interested in purchasing any of the books used to research this episode, please consider using the affiliate links below to support the continued production of The Irish Nation Lives. References: Tom Barry - “Guerilla Days in Ireland” - https://amzn.to/2Jd2Cv9 D. M. Leeson - “The Black & Tans” - https://amzn.to/3fxHY4G Paul O'Brien - “Havoc” - https://amzn.to/2J7Crpf Meda Ryan - “Tom Barry” - https://amzn.to/2Jb0LXs W.H. Kautt - “Ambushes in the War of Independence” in “Atlas of the Irish Revolution” - https://amzn.to/3npOEFj From gunner to guerrilla - Tom Barry's road to rebellion https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/from-gunner-to-guerrilla-tom-barry-s-road-to-rebellion-1.4192752 Distant Thunder - The Journal of the Irish Branches of The Western Front Association https://www.westernfrontassociation.com/media/9459/distant-thunder-issue-3.pdf Eve Morrison on the Kilmichael Ambush https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=buVryG55kqs Kilmichael Revisited: Tom Barry and the ‘False Surrender' https://www.academia.edu/40821390/Morrison_Kilmichael_Revisited_2012_ Letter: Insight into Peter Hart's Methods https://www.southernstar.ie/news/letter-insight-into-peter-harts-methods-4144592 Social Media: Twitter: https://twitter.com/theirishnation Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TheIrishNationLives/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/theirishnationlives/ Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/theirishnationlives iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/ie/podcast/the-irish-nation-lives Main Sources: Military Archives - http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie Century Ireland - https://www.rte.ie/centuryireland Diarmuid Lynch, Irish Revolutionary - http://diarmuidlynch.weebly.com/ The Auxiliary Division - https://theauxiliaries.com/ Atlas of the Irish Revolution - https://amzn.to/3npOEFj Maurice Walsh - “Bitter Freedom” - https://amzn.to/30Dtutx Charles Townshend - "The Republic" - https://amzn.to/33AJ0IC Michael Hopkinson - ”The Irish War of Independence” - https://amzn.to/2Sxif1l Diarmuid Ferriter - “A Nation and not a Rabble” - https://amzn.to/2SFUiF7 Ronan Fanning - “Fatal Path” - https://amzn.to/3lmswKq Richard Abbott - “Police Casualties in Ireland 1919 - 1922” - https://amzn.to/3lmsMJo Photos: Military Archives NLI Flickr account Wiki Commons

On the morning of the 21st of November 1920 teams of IRA men shot and killed British Intelligence agents throughout Dublin in a concentrated attack. Hours later British forces responded by entering a Gaelic Football match at Croke Park and firing into the crowd, resulting in the deaths of 14 civilians. Immortalized as Bloody Sunday, just one of a number of violent days in Irish history to be given the title, the events and those involved have become legendary, to the point of becoming myth. Who were the men who were shot dead that morning and what was “the Cairo Gang”? If you are interested in purchasing any of the books used to research this episode, please consider using the affiliate links below to support the continued production of The Irish Nation Lives. References: T. Ryle Dwyer - “The Squad” - https://amzn.to/36QZLQt Paul McMahon - “British Spies & Irish Rebels” - https://amzn.to/38UGIY4 Fergus O'Farrell - “Cathal Brugha” - https://amzn.to/2HdNU61 Anne Dolan, William Murphy - “Michael Collins” - https://amzn.to/2HdVgqh Truth, Lies & Revenge: The Squad, ASU, GHQ Intelligence - and More https://www.customhousecommemoration.com/2017/10/14/truth-lies-revenge-the-squad-asu-and-the-intelligence-office-and-more-custom-house-burning/ Killing and Bloody Sunday, November 1920 http://www.tara.tcd.ie/bitstream/handle/2262/57090/Killing%20and%20Bloody%20Sunday,%20November%201920.pdf?sequence=1 Seán Russell and the IRA https://www.theirishstory.com/2020/07/02/the-only-irishman-that-was-incorruptible-sean-russell-and-the-ira-part-one-1893-1930/#.X7VbpWj7SUl British Intelligence in Ireland http://www.bloodysunday.co.uk/ Social Media: Twitter: https://twitter.com/theirishnation Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TheIrishNationLives/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/theirishnationlives/ Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/theirishnationlives iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/ie/podcast/the-irish-nation-lives Main Sources: Military Archives - http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie Century Ireland - https://www.rte.ie/centuryireland Diarmuid Lynch, Irish Revolutionary - http://diarmuidlynch.weebly.com/ The Auxiliary Division - https://theauxiliaries.com/ Atlas of the Irish Revolution - https://amzn.to/3npOEFj Maurice Walsh - “Bitter Freedom” - https://amzn.to/30Dtutx Charles Townshend - "The Republic" - https://amzn.to/33AJ0IC Michael Hopkinson - ”The Irish War of Independence” - https://amzn.to/2Sxif1l Diarmuid Ferriter - “A Nation and not a Rabble” - https://amzn.to/2SFUiF7 Ronan Fanning - “Fatal Path” - https://amzn.to/3lmswKq Richard Abbott - “Police Casualties in Ireland 1919 - 1922” - https://amzn.to/3lmsMJo Photos: Military Archives NLI Flickr account Wiki Commons

At the end of October 1920 a nationwide offensive was ordered to coincide with the execution of Kevin Barry. Though called off at the last moment, attacks went ahead in Kerry, leading to what became known as the Siege of Tralee. While the British government had to finally step in and order the Black and Tans to lift the siege, Britain would stage and film a fake victory over the IRA, publicising it as the Battle of Tralee. Today, the images are still used in books and articles relating to the time period, with many believing them to be real. If you are interested in purchasing any of the books used to research this episode, please consider using the affiliate links below to support the continued production of The Irish Nation Lives. References: T. Ryle Dwyer - “Tans, Terror and Troubles - https://amzn.to/3mTlf5B BMH Witness statement WS1413 - Tadhg Kennedy - http://www.militaryarchives.ie/collec... The Battle of Tralee fought at Vico Rd - http://theauxiliaries.com/INCIDENTS/v... The New Zealander who became front page news during the War of Independence - https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifesty... Social Media: Twitter: https://twitter.com/theirishnation Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TheIrishNati... Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/theirishnat... Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/theirishnation... iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/ie/podcast/t... Main Sources: Military Archives - http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie Century Ireland - https://www.rte.ie/centuryireland Diarmuid Lynch, Irish Revolutionary - http://diarmuidlynch.weebly.com/ The Auxiliary Division - https://theauxiliaries.com/ Atlas of the Irish Revolution - https://amzn.to/3npOEFj Maurice Walsh - “Bitter Freedom” - https://amzn.to/30Dtutx Charles Townshend - "The Republic" - https://amzn.to/33AJ0IC Michael Hopkinson - ”The Irish War of Independence” - https://amzn.to/2Sxif1l Diarmuid Ferriter - “A Nation and not a Rabble” - https://amzn.to/2SFUiF7 Ronan Fanning - “Fatal Path” - https://amzn.to/3lmswKq Richard Abbott - “Police Casualties in Ireland 1919 - 1922” - https://amzn.to/3lmsMJo Photos: Military Archives NLI Flickr account Wiki Commons

Unwilling to create another martyr like Thomas Ashe, British authorities had taken to releasing hunger strikers and then re arresting them when they recovered. When released IRA prisoners would often go on the run and RIC morale was crumbling as they lost faith in the British government to protect them. When the Lord Mayor of Cork began a hunger strike, fully expecting to be released in a few days, the British felt they had to make a stand. Over 74 days the spectacle played out in the world media, punctuated by the court martial of 18 year old Kevin Barry. If you are interested in purchasing any of the books used to research this episode, please consider using the affiliate links below to support the continued production of The Irish Nation Lives. References: Moirin Chavasse - “Terence MacSwiney” Kevin Grant - “Hunger Strikes and Fasts in the British Empire” Dermot Keogh - “The Vatican, the Bishops and Irish Politics” Holy Office documents concerning Terence MacSwiney's hunger strike - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339032175_Holy_Office_documents_concerning_Terence_MacSwiney's_hunger_strike_1920 The life of MacCurtain and MacSwiney - https://www.corkcity.ie/en/cork-public-museum/visit/upcoming-events/suffering-the-most-the-life-and-times-of-terence-macswiney.html French newspaper coverage of the death of Terence MacSwiney - http://oliverohanlon.blogspot.com/2019/10/french-newspaper-coverage-of-death-of.html Social Media: Twitter: https://twitter.com/theirishnation Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TheIrishNationLives/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/theirishnationlives/ Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/theirishnationlives iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/ie/podcast/the-irish-nation-lives Main Sources: Military Archives - http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie Century Ireland - https://www.rte.ie/centuryireland Diarmuid Lynch, Irish Revolutionary - http://diarmuidlynch.weebly.com/ The Auxiliary Division - https://theauxiliaries.com/ Atlas of the Irish Revolution - https://amzn.to/3npOEFj Maurice Walsh - “Bitter Freedom” - https://amzn.to/30Dtutx Charles Townshend - "The Republic" - https://amzn.to/33AJ0IC Michael Hopkinson - ”The Irish War of Independence” - https://amzn.to/2Sxif1l Diarmuid Ferriter - “A Nation and not a Rabble” - https://amzn.to/2SFUiF7 Ronan Fanning - “Fatal Path” - https://amzn.to/3lmswKq Richard Abbott - “Police Casualties in Ireland 1919 - 1922” - https://amzn.to/3lmsMJo Photos: Military Archives NLI Flickr account Wiki Commons

In October 1920 the new British intelligence structure operating from Dublin Castle closed in around Dan Breen, convinced he was responsible for the killing of a high ranking RIC officer in Cork. He would be hospitalized after a dramatic battle in Drumcondra but British agents would continue to stalk his close friend Seán Treacy. References: Joe Ambrose - “Seán Treacy and the Tan War” Dan Breen - “My Fight for Irish Freedom” T. Ryle Dwyer - “The Squad” Major George Osbert Sterling Smyth - http://www.bloodysunday.co.uk/castle-intelligence/smyth/smyth.html Social Media: Twitter: https://twitter.com/theirishnation Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TheIrishNationLives/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/theirishnationlives/ Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/theirishnationlives iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/ie/podcast/the-irish-nation-lives Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/maniacalinc Main Sources: Military Archives - http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie Century Ireland - https://www.rte.ie/centuryireland Diarmuid Lynch, Irish Revolutionary - http://diarmuidlynch.weebly.com/ The Auxiliary Division - https://theauxiliaries.com/ Atlas of the Irish Revolution Maurice Walsh - “Bitter Freedom” Charles Townshend - "The Republic" Michael Hopkinson - ”The Irish War of Independence” Diarmuid Ferriter - “A Nation and not a Rabble” Ronan Fanning - “Fatal Path” Richard Abbot - “Police Casualties in Ireland 1919 - 1922” Photos: Military Archives NLI Flickr account Wiki Commons

Deployed alongside the Black and Tans and sent to make Ireland “an appropriate hell for those whose trade is agitation”, poor conditions and a lack of a clear objective would lead the Auxiliaries on a war path of drunkenness, destruction and murder. Though consisting of just 2,100 men they would be the IRA's main opponent for the duration of the War of Independence and would take part, as victors and losers, in many of the most famous ambushes in the revolution. The Auxiliaries continue to cast a dark shadow over Irish history and in the places they would serve afterwards, from Bandon to Hebron. This episode also looks at the Essex Regiment whose members would fight a personal war with the West Cork Flying Column under the command of Tom Barry. References: David Leeson - “Black and Tans” Paul O'Brien - “Havoc” William Sheehan - “Hearts and Mines” Essex Regiment members killed in Ireland - https://www.cairogang.com/regiments/regiments/essex.html How a killing on the steps of Bandon's church may have changed the War of Independence - https://www.southernstar.ie/news/how-a-killing-on-the-steps-of-bandons-church-may-have-changed-the-war-of-independence-4208923 Social Media: Twitter: https://twitter.com/theirishnation Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TheIrishNationLives/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/theirishnationlives/ Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/theirishnationlives iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/ie/podcast/the-irish-nation-lives Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/maniacalinc Main Sources: Military Archives - http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie Century Ireland - https://www.rte.ie/centuryireland Diarmuid Lynch, Irish Revolutionary - http://diarmuidlynch.weebly.com/ The Auxiliary Division - https://theauxiliaries.com/ Atlas of the Irish Revolution Maurice Walsh - “Bitter Freedom” Charles Townshend - "The Republic" Michael Hopkinson - ”The Irish War of Independence” Diarmuid Ferriter - “A Nation and not a Rabble” Ronan Fanning - “Fatal Path” Richard Abbot - “Police Casualties in Ireland 1919 - 1922” Photos: Military Archives NLI Flickr account Wiki Commons

With both major parties nominating candidates for the US Presidential election, de Valera and the Friends of Irish Freedom tried to put their differences aside to campaign for a resolution on Irish Independence. However hostilities broke out again at the Republican Convention in June where de Valera would actively sabotage the success achieved by Cohalan, arguing that it was harmful to Ireland's interests. Following the capture and publication by British authorities of letters critical of the Friends of Irish Freedom support for de Valera indicated to him that it was time to push for control of the organisation. References: David McCullagh - “De Valera: Rise” Dave Hannigan - “De Valera in America” Eileen McGough - “Diarmuid Lynch: A Forgotten Irish Patriot” David Fitzpatrick - “Harry Boland's Irish Revolution” Social Media: Twitter: https://twitter.com/theirishnation Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TheIrishNationLives/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/theirishnationlives/ Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/theirishnationlives iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/ie/podcast/the-irish-nation-lives Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/maniacalinc Main Sources: Military Archives - http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie Century Ireland - https://www.rte.ie/centuryireland Diarmuid Lynch, Irish Revolutionary - http://diarmuidlynch.weebly.com/ Atlas of the Irish Revolution Maurice Walsh - “Bitter Freedom” Charles Townshend - "The Republic" Michael Hopkinson - ”The Irish War of Independence” Diarmuid Ferriter - “A Nation and not a Rabble” Richard Abbot - “Police Casualties in Ireland 1919 - 1922” Photos: Military Archives NLI Flickr account Wiki Commons

From Michelangelo da Caravaggio to Michael Collins and from The Taking of Christ to The Terrorising of Clarke, Italian Renaissance Art and the Irish Republican Army aren't topics often discussed in the same breath, but an act of revenge and the grief it caused would link forever the names of Collins, Clarke and Caravaggio with District Inspector and Dr. Lea-Wilson and grant for them all a unique place in the history of art and of the Irish Revolution. References: Liam Tobin - http://www.militaryarchives.ie/collections/online-collections/bureau-of-military-history-1913-1921/reels/bmh/BMH.WS1753.pdf Joseph Sweeney - https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/easterrising/witnesses/wh04.shtml Caravaggio and the IRA - http://thelondondead.blogspot.com/2014/09/caravaggio-and-ira-percival-lea-wilson.html Harry Clarke's Sublime Lea-Wilson Window - https://roaringwaterjournal.com/2020/06/13/transcending-violence-harry-clarkes-sublime-lea-wilson-window/ Beyond the Lost Caravaggio - http://www.mythomorph.com/wp/beyond-the-lost-caravaggio/ Settling old scores from 1916 - https://www.independent.ie/regionals/wexfordpeople/lifestyle/settling-old-scores-from-1916-30788744.html T. Ryle Dwyer - “The Squad” Tim Pat Coogan - “”Michael Collins Charles Townshend - “Easter 1916” Joseph E.A. Connell Jnr - “Michael Collins” Social Media: Twitter: https://twitter.com/theirishnation Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TheIrishNationLives/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/theirishnationlives/ Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/theirishnationlives iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/ie/podcast/the-irish-nation-lives Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/maniacalinc Main Sources: Military Archives - http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie Century Ireland - https://www.rte.ie/centuryireland Diarmuid Lynch, Irish Revolutionary - http://diarmuidlynch.weebly.com/ Atlas of the Irish Revolution Maurice Walsh - “Bitter Freedom” Charles Townshend - "The Republic" Michael Hopkinson - ”The Irish War of Independence” Diarmuid Ferriter - “A Nation and not a Rabble” Richard Abbot - “Police Casualties in Ireland 1919 - 1922” Photos: Military Archives NLI Flickr account Wiki Commons

June 1920 saw the new military figures appointed to take charge of policing in Ireland prepare the ground for legislation which would give British forces a freer hand in dealing with the IRA. However, attempts to use the RIC to assist the army as scouts started a mutiny in Kerry and the publication of an inflammatory speech given by the Divisional Commissioner led to his killing a few weeks later. At the other side of the world reports of conditions in Ireland caused many Irishmen in the Connaught Ranger to refuse to carry out military duties. As British tactics in Ireland hardened, this was a sign of the resistance they would face. References: Jeremiah Mee - http://www.militaryarchives.ie/collections/online-collections/bureau-of-military-history-1913-1921/reels/bmh/BMH.WS0379.pdf Gerald and Osbert Smyth - https://www.sinton-family-trees.com/smythsofthebann/apx-c.php The Connaught Rangers' Mutiny of 1920 - https://independentleft.ie/connaught-rangers-mutiny-1920/ The Connaught Ranger's Mutiny June 1920 - https://www.historyireland.com/20th-century-contemporary-history/commemorationnationalism-empire-and-memory-the-connaught-rangers-mutiny-june-1920/ The Connaught Rangers' Mutiny India, July 1920 - https://www.historyireland.com/20th-century-contemporary-history/the-connaught-rangers-mutiny-india-july-1920/ T. Ryle Dwyer - “Tans, Terror and Troubles” D.M. Leeson - “The Black and Tans” William Sheehan - “Hearts & Mines” Paul McMahon - “British Spies & Irish Rebels” D.M. Leeson - “The Black & Tans” Social Media: Twitter: https://twitter.com/theirishnation Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TheIrishNationLives/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/theirishnationlives/ Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/theirishnationlives iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/ie/podcast/the-irish-nation-lives Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/maniacalinc Main Sources: Military Archives - http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie Century Ireland - https://www.rte.ie/centuryireland Diarmuid Lynch, Irish Revolutionary - http://diarmuidlynch.weebly.com/ Atlas of the Irish Revolution Maurice Walsh - “Bitter Freedom” Charles Townshend - "The Republic" Michael Hopkinson - ”The Irish War of Independence” Diarmuid Ferriter - “A Nation and not a Rabble” Richard Abbot - “Police Casualties in Ireland 1919 - 1922” Photos: Military Archives NLI Flickr account Wiki Commons

Most discussions on the life of Lord French end with his removal from command of the British Expeditionary Forces during the First World War but after this event he would have a dramatic effect on the course of Irish history. In command of the Home Forces during the 1916 Rising, he would support the executions carried out by Sir John Maxwell and later as Lord Lieutenant he would use largely unsuccessful coercive measures, first in an attempt to force through conscription and later to combat the IRA. His reign was eventually brought to an end in May 1920 with a massive reorganisation of Dublin Castle and the deployment there of men who were prepared to accept a peaceful solution to the Irish Question. References: James McMahon - https://dib.cambridge.org/viewReadPage.do;jsessionid=339E7E35B7104353BF6C0887E7B63341?articleId=a5258 Richard Holmes - “The Little Field Marshal” William Sheehan - “Hearts & Mines” Paul McMahon - “British Spies & Irish Rebels” D.M. Leeson - “The Black & Tans” Social Media: Twitter: https://twitter.com/theirishnation Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TheIrishNationLives/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/theirishnationlives/ Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/theirishnationlives iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/ie/podcast/the-irish-nation-lives Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/maniacalinc Main Sources: Military Archives - http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie Century Ireland - https://www.rte.ie/centuryireland Diarmuid Lynch, Irish Revolutionary - http://diarmuidlynch.weebly.com/ Atlas of the Irish Revolution Maurice Walsh - “Bitter Freedom” Charles Townshend - "The Republic" Michael Hopkinson - ”The Irish War of Independence” Diarmuid Ferriter - “A Nation and not a Rabble” Richard Abbot - “Police Casualties in Ireland 1919 - 1922” Photos: Military Archives NLI Flickr account Wiki Commons

Following the Civil War and in the absence of a meaningful opposition, Cumann na nGaedheal dominated Irish politics. In this time they also allowed the party to stagnate and had become overconfident that their record in government would secure reelection in 1932; instead de Valera's Fianna Fáil took office and they increased their grip on power in 1933. Driven by fear and a desire to return to government, Cumann na nGaedheal merged with the smaller National Centre Party in 1933 to form Fine Gael. But for leadership of this new party they turned to the National Guard, a shirted movement led by the popular and charismatic Eoin O'Duffy. References: Brian Girvin - “The Emergency” Fearghal McGarry - “Eoin O'Duffy” David McCullagh - “Éamon de Valera: Rule” Maurice Manning - “The Blueshirts” Mike Cronin - “The Blueshirts and Irish Politics” Paul McMahon - “British Spies & Irish Rebels” Social Media: Twitter: https://twitter.com/theirishnation Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TheIrishNationLives/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/theirishnationlives/ Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/theirishnationlives iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/ie/podcast/the-irish-nation-lives Photos: Military Archives NLI Flickr account Wiki Commons

The Irish Civil War left a bitter legacy which lasted long after the conflict ended. In 1927 Kevin O'Higgins, the Minister for Justice who had signed 77 death warrants during the Civil War, was murdered on his way to Sunday mass. While it was a terrible blow for the government, they also saw it as an opportunity to put pressure on their Anti-Treaty opponents, Fianna Fáil. Instead, their actions would bring Éamon de Valera to power and set the stage for his constitutional conflict with Britain which would all but guarantee Ireland's neutral stance during World War 2. References: Brian Girvin - “The Emergency” Fearghal McGarry - “Eoin O'Duffy” Adrian Hoar - “In Green and Red” Caleb Wood Richardson - “Smyllie's Ireland” David McCullagh - “Éamon de Valera: Rise” David McCullagh - “Éamon de Valera: Rule” David Gray - “A Yankee in De Valera's Ireland” Election posters fro 1930's: https://irishelectionliterature.com/ Social Media: Twitter: https://twitter.com/theirishnation Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TheIrishNationLives/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/theirishnationlives/ Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/theirishnationlives iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/ie/podcast/the-irish-nation-lives Photos: Military Archives NLI Flickr account Wiki Commons

Though he held some of the most important roles in the War of Independence little is known about Cathal Brugha's life as he left very few written records. He served as President of Dáil Éireann until Éamon de Valera was released from prison and as Minister for Defense he refused to take a salary for what he considered to be his civic duty. Most well known for his bitter denunciation of Micheal Collins during the Treaty debates, Brugha was a complex figure who had a major influence on the Irish Revolution References: Fergus O'Farrell - “Cathal Brugha” Leon Ó'Broin - “Revolutionary Underground” Rúan O'Donnell - “Patrick Pearse” Joost Augusteijn - “Patrick Pearse” Charles Townshend - “Easter 1916” Social Media: Twitter: https://twitter.com/theirishnation Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TheIrishNationLives/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/theirishnationlives/ Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/theirishnationlives iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/ie/podcast/the-irish-nation-lives Main Sources: Military Archives - http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie Century Ireland - https://www.rte.ie/centuryireland Diarmuid Lynch, Irish Revolutionary - http://diarmuidlynch.weebly.com/ Atlas of the Irish Revolution Maurice Walsh - “Bitter Freedom” Charles Townshend - "The Republic" Michael Hopkinson - ”The Irish War of Independence” Diarmuid Ferriter - “A Nation and not a Rabble” Richard Abbot - “Police Casualties in Ireland 1919 - 1922” Photos: Military Archives NLI Flickr account Wiki Commons

Throughtout the War of Independence is said to have begun on the 21st of January 1919 just 15 RIC and DMP officers would be killed by the IRA over the next year. IRA General Headquarters in Dublin remained silent, refusing to sanction attacks and privately denouncing the likes of Tipperary's Big Four for their escapades. The suppression of Sinn Féin and Dáil Éireann, as well as the arrival of British ex-servicemen to reinforce the RIC, changed matters in early 1920. From January attacks on barracks were sanctioned with the aim of seizing weapons and destroying the buildings, marking a new phase in the War of Independence and its true beginning according to the likes of Richard Mulcahy. This phase of barrack attacks would be short lived however, as soon the Black and Tans would help reinforce the remaining ones to a level the IRA could not attack, prompting another change in tactics. References: T. Ryle Dwyer - “The Squad” Tim Pat Coogan - “Michael Collins” Peter Hart - “The IRA at War 1916 - 1923” Ireland's Wars: The Carrigtwohill Barracks Attack - https://neverfeltbetter.wordpress.com/2019/10/08/irelands-wars-the-carrigtwohill-barracks-attack/ Capture of Carrigtwohill RIC Barracks - http://homepage.eircom.net/~corkcounty/carrigtwohill.html Cobh prepares to rise - https://cobh1916.wordpress.com/the-history/part-1-cobh-prepares-to-rise/ Attacks on police barracks extend to Ulster - https://www.rte.ie/centuryireland/index.php/articles/attacks-on-police-barracks-extend-to-ulster Social Media: Twitter: https://twitter.com/theirishnation Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TheIrishNationLives/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/theirishnationlives/ Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/theirishnationlives iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/ie/podcast/the-irish-nation-lives Main Sources: Military Archives - http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie Century Ireland - https://www.rte.ie/centuryireland Diarmuid Lynch, Irish Revolutionary - http://diarmuidlynch.weebly.com/ Atlas of the Irish Revolution Maurice Walsh - “Bitter Freedom” Charles Townshend - "The Republic" Michael Hopkinson - ”The Irish War of Independence” Diarmuid Ferriter - “A Nation and not a Rabble” Richard Abbot - “Police Casualties in Ireland 1919 - 1922” Photos: Military Archives NLI Flickr account Wiki Commons

In the hopes of stopping Sinn Féin's dramatic growth the British government introduced proportional representation for all local elections held in Ireland in 1920. But just as it did in the 1918 general election, Sinn Féin stormed the polls and were in a position to appoint a number of Lord Mayors when the new councils met on the 30th of January. In Cork, a respected member of the Gaelic League and a vetern of the Irish Volunteers, Tomás MacCurtin, was elected when the opposition failed to agree on a candidate but his tenure would be short lived. On the 20th of March 1920 MacCurtin was killed during a raid on his house by individuals with blackened faces. British authorities said it was the result of an internal feud in the IRA but evidence pointed to a murder squad set up within the RIC. References: Maurice Walsh - “G2: In Defence of Ireland” T. Ryle Dwyer - “The Squad” Tim Pat Coogan - “Michael Collins” Moirin Chavasse - “Terence MacSwiney” Irish Volunteers: Cork City and County - http://diarmuidlynch.weebly.com/corks-irish-volunteers.html Proportional Representation, Sligo - http://www.sligoarts.ie/media/Proportional%20Representation.pdf Local Government Elections - https://www.dail100.ie/en/long-reads/local-government-elections/ Cork County Council, minutes from 1920 - http://sp1ral.corkcity.ie/services/corporateandexternalaffairs/archives/otherdocuments/cork1920-enduringthemost/extractsfromcouncilminutesfor1920/ The Killing of Lord Mayor Tomás MacCurtain - http://homepage.eircom.net/~corkcounty/maccurtain.html Ireland's Wars: The Murder of Tomás MacCurtain - https://neverfeltbetter.wordpress.com/2019/11/12/irelands-wars-the-murder-of-tomas-mac-curtain/ Bryan Fergus Molloy - http://www.bloodysunday.co.uk/castle-intelligence/mulloy/molloy.html Alan Bell, shot Mar 1920 in Dublin - http://www.bloodysunday.co.uk/castle-intelligence/thomson/bell/bell.html Social Media: Twitter: https://twitter.com/theirishnation Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TheIrishNationLives/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/theirishnationlives/ Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/theirishnationlives iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/ie/podcast/the-irish-nation-lives Main Sources: Military Archives - http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie Century Ireland - https://www.rte.ie/centuryireland Diarmuid Lynch, Irish Revolutionary - http://diarmuidlynch.weebly.com/ Atlas of the Irish Revolution Maurice Walsh - “Bitter Freedom” Charles Townshend - "The Republic" Michael Hopkinson - ”The Irish War of Independence” Diarmuid Ferriter - “A Nation and not a Rabble” Richard Abbot - “Police Casualties in Ireland 1919 - 1922” Photos: Military Archives NLI Flickr account Wiki Commons

1920 couldn't have started better for Éamon de Valera. In January he received the freedom of New York, the city he was born in and had left at just 2 years of age following his father's death. The bond drive finally got started after months of delays and hundreds of thousands of dollars were subscribed in the opening few days. But everything turned sour soon afterwards and set the major groups in the United States on a collision course with each other. De Valera's lack of understanding of US politics and his refusal to ask for help or share credit became clear in an interview given in February. This gave his enemies a chance to strike against him and almost had him recalled to Ireland. While he survived the tumult he wouldn't forget those who stood against him and an open split in the movement was just months away. References: David McCullagh - “De Valera: Rise” Dave Hannigan - “De Valera in America” Eileen McGough - “Diarmuid Lynch: A Forgotten Irish Patriot” Social Media: Twitter: https://twitter.com/theirishnation Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TheIrishNationLives/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/theirishnationlives/ Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/theirishnationlives iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/ie/podcast/the-irish-nation-lives Main Sources: Military Archives - http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie Century Ireland - https://www.rte.ie/centuryireland Diarmuid Lynch, Irish Revolutionary - http://diarmuidlynch.weebly.com/ Atlas of the Irish Revolution Maurice Walsh - “Bitter Freedom” Charles Townshend - "The Republic" Michael Hopkinson - ”The Irish War of Independence” Diarmuid Ferriter - “A Nation and not a Rabble” Richard Abbot - “Police Casualties in Ireland 1919 - 1922” Photos: Military Archives NLI Flickr account Wiki Commons

In January 1920 a small group of young, oddly dressed, British ex-servicemen arrived in Ireland. They had been recruited to reinforce the ranks of the Royal Irish Constabulary and take on the Irish Republican Army. Their strange mix of military and police clothing was the result of a uniform shortage and the bemused Irish people quickly nicknamed them the Black and Tans. Sent to Ireland to restore law and order, they would some become famous throughout the world for their brutality and violence. References: D. M. Leeson - “The Black and Tans” Paul McMahon - “British Spies & Irish Rebels” Benjamin Grob-Fitzgibbon - “Turning Points of the Irish Revolution” Peter Hart - “The I.R.A at War 1916-1923” The Black and Tans and Auxiliaries - https://www.theirishstory.com/2020/01/13/the-black-and-tans-and-auxiliaries-an-overview Who were the Black and Tans? - https://www.historyireland.com/20th-century-contemporary-history/who-were-the-black-and-tans R.I.C and the Black and Tans - http://www.limerickcity.ie/media/wain044.pdf Newspaper reports - https://twitter.com/swgannon/status/1214593383135621120 Social Media: Twitter: https://twitter.com/theirishnation Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TheIrishNationLives/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/theirishnationlives/ Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/theirishnationlives iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/ie/podcast/the-irish-nation-lives Main Sources: Military Archives - http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie Century Ireland - https://www.rte.ie/centuryireland Diarmuid Lynch, Irish Revolutionary - http://diarmuidlynch.weebly.com/ Atlas of the Irish Revolution Maurice Walsh - “Bitter Freedom” Charles Townshend - "The Republic" Michael Hopkinson - ”The Irish War of Independence” Diarmuid Ferriter - “A Nation and not a Rabble” Richard Abbot - “Police Casualties in Ireland 1919 - 1922” Photos: Military Archives NLI Flickr account Wiki Commons

From the summer of 1919 Michael Collins and the Squad waged a relentless Intelligence War, threatening and killing key members of the Dublin Metropolitan Police. Rattled by the attempt to kill the Lord Lieutenant in December, British authorities responded in early 1920 by replacing the head of the Royal Irish Constabulary and putting a new man over G Division. The new head of the Directorate of Intelligence at the Home Office also diverted resources to combating Collins' intelligence network and for a time these almost proved fatal. Spies, traitors and informers had been at the heart of British policy in dealing with Irish rebellions since 1798. Early 1920 was a major test for the Republican movement, one that previous conspiracies had failed. References: Paddy Daly - BMH WS387 Tim Pat Coogan - “Michael Collins” T. Ryle Dwyer - “The Squad” Paul McMahon - “British Spies & Irish Rebels” Maurice Walsh - “G2: In Defence of Ireland” Timothy Quinlisk - http://www.irishbrigade.eu/recruits/quinlisk.html Ralph Isham - http://www.bloodysunday.co.uk/castle-intelligence/thomson/isham/isham.html John Charles Byrne - http://www.bloodysunday.co.uk/castle-intelligence/thomson/byrnes/charles-byrnes.html Social Media: Twitter: https://twitter.com/theirishnation Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TheIrishNationLives/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/theirishnationlives/ Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/theirishnationlives iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/ie/podcast/the-irish-nation-lives Main Sources: Military Archives - http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie Century Ireland - https://www.rte.ie/centuryireland Diarmuid Lynch, Irish Revolutionary - http://diarmuidlynch.weebly.com/ Atlas of the Irish Revolution Maurice Walsh - “Bitter Freedom” Charles Townshend - "The Republic" Michael Hopkinson - ”The Irish War of Independence” Diarmuid Ferriter - “A Nation and not a Rabble” Richard Abbot - “Police Casualties in Ireland 1919 - 1922” Photos: Military Archives NLI Flickr account Wiki Commons

Following a less than stellar performance as Commander-in-Chief of the BEF during the First World War, John French was selected for the role of Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in 1918. It was considered that the previous Chief Secretary had been too soft on the Irish republican movement and French was given considerable power to go after them. This he did, suppressing Dáil Éireann and outlawing Sinn Féin. From October of 1919 numerous attempts were made to kill him, both for the propaganda value of killing the King's representative and the shock this would have sent through the British establishment. The Ashtown Ambush in December would be the IRA's most daring operation yet. References: Peter Hart - “Mick; the Real Michael Collins” T. Ryle Dwyer - “The Squad” John Joe Ambrose - “Seán Treacy” Dan Breen - “My Fight for Irish Freedom” Social Media: Twitter: https://twitter.com/theirishnation Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TheIrishNationLives/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/theirishnationlives/ Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/theirishnationlives iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/ie/podcast/the-irish-nation-lives Main Sources: Military Archives - http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie Century Ireland - https://www.rte.ie/centuryireland Diarmuid Lynch, Irish Revolutionary - http://diarmuidlynch.weebly.com/ Atlas of the Irish Revolution Maurice Walsh - “Bitter Freedom” Charles Townshend - "The Republic" Michael Hopkinson - ”The Irish War of Independence” Diarmuid Ferriter - “A Nation and not a Rabble” Photos: Military Archives NLI Flickr account Wiki Commons

On the 29th of November 1919 John Barton was shot dead in Dublin on the orders of Michael Collins. Though he had only recently transferred to G Division of the Dublin Metropolitan Police Barton had found an arms dump belonging to the Irish Republican Army and was investigating the shooting of another officer. It's possible that with pressure mounting on him following the suppression of Dáil Éireann Collins had Barton shot by the Squad before he could become a serious threat. A hero to some whose death shocked the capital city, a villain to others for identifying prominent rebels after the 1916 Rising, Barton's death marked the end of the opening phase of the Intelligence War. *Please note the wrong dates are given in this episode, Barton was shot on the 29th of November, not the 30th as stated* References: T. Ryle Dwyer - “The Squad” Richard Abbott - “Police Casualties in Ireland 1919-1922” Padraig Yeates/History Ireland - https://www.historyireland.com/volume-24/issue-5-septemberoctober-2016/features-issue-5-septemberoctober-2016/oh-god-deserve/ Social Media: Twitter: https://twitter.com/theirishnation Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TheIrishNationLives/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/theirishnationlives/ Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/theirishnationlives iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/ie/podcast/the-irish-nation-lives Main Sources: Military Archives - http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie Century Ireland - https://www.rte.ie/centuryireland Diarmuid Lynch, Irish Revolutionary - http://diarmuidlynch.weebly.com/ Atlas of the Irish Revolution Maurice Walsh - “Bitter Freedom” Charles Townshend - "The Republic" Michael Hopkinson - ”The Irish War of Independence” Diarmuid Ferriter - “A Nation and not a Rabble” Photos: Military Archives NLI Flickr account Wiki Commons

While government ministers in Ireland operated with the constant threat of arrest hanging over them, Éamon de Valera continued his grand tour of the United States, speaking to massive crowds from Philadelphia to San Francisco. However, the arrival of this foreign agitator wasn't always welcomed and the first opposition to his mission in America began to appear. The American Legion condemned those who supported him and the media ran articles denouncing the Irish for betraying their ally during the First World War. In Westminster Lloyd George, after months of silence, has finally put forward the British Government's plan for handling the situation in Ireland, setting in motion the century long partition of the island and the bitter conflicts associated with it. The discontent between the Irish delegation and the Friends of Irish Freedom continued to build, with each distrusting the other and believing that only they knew what was best for Ireland. The next episode will deal with the breakdown in their relationship and the eruption of outright war between the groups in early 1920. References: Dave Hannigan - “De Valera in America” Ronan Fanning - “Éamon de Valera: A Will to Power” David McCullagh - “De Valera: Rise” David Fitzpatrick - “Harry Boland's Irish Revolution” Eileen McGough - “Diarmuid Lynch: A Forgotten Irish Patriot” Social Media: Twitter: https://twitter.com/theirishnation Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TheIrishNationLives/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/theirishnationlives/ Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/theirishnationlives iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/ie/podcast/the-irish-nation-lives Main Sources: Military Archives - http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie Century Ireland - https://www.rte.ie/centuryireland Diarmuid Lynch, Irish Revolutionary - http://diarmuidlynch.weebly.com/ Atlas of the Irish Revolution Maurice Walsh - “Bitter Freedom” Charles Townshend - "The Republic" Michael Hopkinson - ”The Irish War of Independence” Diarmuid Ferriter - “A Nation and not a Rabble” Photos: Military Archives NLI Flickr account Wiki Commons

On the 1st of September 1939 Adolf Hitler ordered the invasion of Poland and with it the start of World War 2. Committed to remaining neutral in the conflict Dáil Éireann declared a State of Emergency and for the next six years Ireland struggled in the face of adversity to retain its stability and its sovereignty. Drunken Nazis in Dingle, a US ambassador communing with the dead, threats of invasion from both Germany and Britain and an armed paramilitary which regarded itself as the legitimate government of the Republic, Ireland would face numerous challenges while also aiding the Allied cause. Abroad, serving in the Allied armed forces, Irishmen would fight in many of the major battles of the Second World War, would hide Jewish refugees in the Vatican and one Irish POW would even survive the bombing of Nagasaki. Subscribe to be kept up to date with new episodes covering the events of the Emergency. References: Brian Girvin - “The Emergency” Fearghal McGarry - “Eoin O'Duffy” Adrian Hoar - “In Green and Red” David McCullagh - “Éamon de Valera: Rule” David Gray - “A Yankee in De Valera's Ireland” Emergency Powers Act 1939 - http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1939/act/28/enacted/en/print De Valera's address to the Nation - https://www.rte.ie/archives/2014/0902/640983-the-great-european-powers-are-again-at-war/ Dáil Éireann debate 2nd September 1939 - https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1939-09-02/ Social Media: Twitter: https://twitter.com/theirishnation Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TheIrishNationLives/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/theirishnationlives/ Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/theirishnationlives iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/ie/podcast/the-irish-nation-lives Photos: Military Archives NLI Flickr account Wiki Commons

Slowly throughout 1919 Michael Collins had been expanding his intelligence operation, but the suppression of Dáil Éireann and a close escape in a British raid galvanised him into action. On the 19th of September 1919 he formally established “The Squad” who would become famed in the conflict ahead for striking terror into the hearts of British IntelligenceIn and crippling their ability to function in Ireland. Many however would go on to be greatly changed by their service and would act with cruelty and barbarity during the Civil War. In this episode I look at the later events of some of those who would form the backbone of the Squad. References: Paddy Daly - BMH WS387 Con Leddy - BMH WS756 T. Ryle Dwyer - “The Squad” Leon O'Broin - “Revolutionary Underground” Peter Hart - “Mick; The Real Michael Collins” Richard Abbott - “Police Casualties in Ireland 1919 - 1922” https://www.customhousecommemoration.com/2017/10/14/truth-lies-revenge-the-squad-asu-and-the-intelligence-office-and-more/ https://comeheretome.com/2013/11/07/jewish-community-during-the-revolutionary-period-1916-23/ Social Media: Twitter: https://twitter.com/theirishnation Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TheIrishNationLives/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/theirishnationlives/ Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/theirishnationlives iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/ie/podcast/the-irish-nation-lives Main Sources: Military Archives - http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie Century Ireland - https://www.rte.ie/centuryireland Atlas of the Irish Revolution Maurice Walsh - “Bitter Freedom” Charles Townshend - "The Republic" Michael Hopkinson - ”The Irish War of Independence” Diarmuid Ferriter - “A Nation and not a Rabble” Photos: Military Archives NLI Flickr account Wiki Commons

(A bit of a delay on getting this out on Soundcloud!) The Irish Nation Lives turns one year old! Thank you all very much for your support over the past year. On this episode I recap the events so far, from the Conscription Crisis in March 1918 to the April 1919 Limerick Soviet. Social Media: Twitter: https://twitter.com/theirishnation Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TheIrishNationLives/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/theirishnationlives/ Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/theirishnationlives iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/ie/podcast/the-irish-nation-lives Main Sources: Military Archives - http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie Atlas of the Irish Revolution - https://amzn.to/2BOtWbb Maurice Walsh - “Bitter Freedom” - https://amzn.to/2Af2a8i Charles Townshend - "The Republic" - https://amzn.to/2PBnXM5 Michael Hopkinson - ”The Irish War of Independence” - https://amzn.to/2WDFyqx Diarmuid Ferriter - “A Nation and not a Rabble” - https://amzn.to/2VS38QD Photos: Military Archives NLI Flickr account Wiki Commons

In August 1919 Cathal Brugha sought to formalise the relationship between the government and the Irish Volunteers by having them swear and oath of allegiance to Dáil Éireann. Brugha might also have been trying to out maneuver the Irish Republican Brotherhood who were recruiting Irish Volunteer officers with an aim to influencing the organisations course of action in the years ahead. The oath would have little impact on either the IRB or the government's control of the army but it would cause the Irish Volunteers to adopt the title of the Irish Republican Army. References: Fergus O'Farrell “Cathal Brugha” Peter Hart - “Mick; The Real Michael Collins” Richard Abbott - “Police Casualties in Ireland 1919 - 1922” Social Media: Twitter: https://twitter.com/theirishnation Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TheIrishNationLives/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/theirishnationlives/ Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/theirishnationlives iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/ie/podcast/the-irish-nation-lives Main Sources: Military Archives - http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie Century Ireland - https://www.rte.ie/centuryireland Atlas of the Irish Revolution Maurice Walsh - “Bitter Freedom” Charles Townshend - "The Republic" Michael Hopkinson - ”The Irish War of Independence” Diarmuid Ferriter - “A Nation and not a Rabble” Photos: Military Archives NLI Flickr account Wiki Commons

Following Éamon de Valera's departure to the United States Michael Collins was finally in a position where he could begin his war against British Intelligence. It was clear that the Irish Volunteers could not hope to win in a fight against the British military but Collins believed that wiping out their spy network in Ireland would give the Volunteers a chance. In July he orders Dick McKee and Mick McDonnell of the Dublin Brigade to assemble a group of men for “special duties”, the first of which is the killing of a DMP Detective Sergeant. This group will later go on to form the Squad. References: T. Ryle Dwyer - “The Squad” Peter Hart - “Mick; The Real Michael Collins” Tim Pat Coogan - “Michael Collins” Richard Abbott - “Police Casualties in Ireland 1919 - 1922” BMH Statements: Eamon Broy WS1280 James Slattery WS445 Social Media: Twitter: https://twitter.com/theirishnation Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TheIrishNationLives/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/theirishnationlives/ Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/theirishnationlives iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/ie/podcast/the-irish-nation-lives Main Sources: Military Archives - http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie Century Ireland - https://www.rte.ie/centuryireland Atlas of the Irish Revolution Maurice Walsh - “Bitter Freedom” Charles Townshend - "The Republic" Michael Hopkinson - ”The Irish War of Independence” Diarmuid Ferriter - “A Nation and not a Rabble” Photos: Military Archives NLI Flickr account Wiki Commons

On the 23rd of June 1919 Éamon de Valera strode into the lobby of the Waldorf Astoria Hotel in New York, taking up residence there for the next 18 months. While open warfare would break out in Ireland between Republican and Crown forces de Valera and his entourage would try to secure recognition of the Irish Republic and undertake a massive fund raising campaign, heavily supported by the Irish-American community. It would be an injustice to all involved to address de Valera's entire stay in just one episode so you can expect a few covering the major events of his trip. Episode 1 deals with his arrival in New York, his first meeting with John Devoy and Daniel Cohalan and the foundations of the split between them. The episode looks at the start of the bond drive and stops before the suppression of Dáil Éireann, so you can expect the next episode in September! References: Dave Hannigan - “De Valera in America” Ronan Fanning - “Éamon de Valera: A Will to Power” David McCullagh - “De Valera: Rise” David Fitzpatrick - “Harry Boland's Irish Revolution” Eileen McGough - “Diarmuid Lynch: A Forgotten Irish Patriot” Social Media: Twitter: https://twitter.com/theirishnation Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TheIrishNationLives/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/theirishnationlives/ Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/theirishnationlives iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/ie/podcast/the-irish-nation-lives Main Sources: Military Archives - http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie Century Ireland - https://www.rte.ie/centuryireland Atlas of the Irish Revolution Maurice Walsh - “Bitter Freedom” Charles Townshend - "The Republic" Michael Hopkinson - ”The Irish War of Independence” Diarmuid Ferriter - “A Nation and not a Rabble” Photos: Military Archives NLI Flickr account Wiki Commons

Michael Collins stands as one of the most important figures in Irish history. He would oversee the Dáil Loan, terrorise Dublin Castle and rise to the top of every organisation he was involved with. In this episode I take a look at his life leading up to the War of Independence, from his beginnings in London to the 1916 Rising to the creation of his intelligence network. Collins will feature in numerous future episodes and play a major role in the Irish Revolution. References: Tim Pat Coogan - “Michael Collins” Peter Hart - “Mick: The Real Michael Collins” Gabriel Doherty & Dermot Keogh - “Michael Collins and the making of the Irish State” Joseph E.A. Connell Jnr - “Michael Collins: Dublin 1916-22 Joe Good - “Enchanted by Dreams” John M. Regan - “Myth and the Irish State” Doheny GAA Club::Sam Maguire - http://www.dohenygaa.com/page/sam-maguire-12.aspx Collins 22 Society - http://www.generalmichaelcollins.com/ Century Ireland - https://www.rte.ie/centuryireland/index.php/articles/huge-crowds-attend-funeral-of-thomas-ashe Picture of London GAA Team - https://twitter.com/AodhanHarkin/status/900985832017997824 Social Media: Twitter: https://twitter.com/theirishnation Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TheIrishNationLives/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/theirishnationlives/ Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/theirishnationlives iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/ie/podcast/the-irish-nation-lives Main Sources: Military Archives - http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie Atlas of the Irish Revolution - https://amzn.to/2BOtWbb Maurice Walsh - “Bitter Freedom” - https://amzn.to/2Af2a8i Charles Townshend - "The Republic" - https://amzn.to/2PBnXM5 Michael Hopkinson - ”The Irish War of Independence” - https://amzn.to/2WDFyqx Diarmuid Ferriter - “A Nation and not a Rabble” - https://amzn.to/2VS38QD Photos: Military Archives NLI Flickr account Wiki Commons

Éamon de Valera led Ireland through the War of Independence and many view his actions around the Treaty debates as leading to the Civil War. He would go on to found one of the most successful political parties in Western Europe and establish the Irish Constitution through which he continues to cast a long shadow over modern Irish society. But who was he and how did he rise to power in the years before the Irish Revolution? David McCullagh - "De Valera: Rise" Ronan Fanning - "Éamon De Valera: A Will To Power" Tim Pat Coogan - "De Valera: Tall Fellow, Long Shadow" Social Media: Twitter: https://twitter.com/theirishnation Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TheIrishNationLives/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/theirishnationlives/ Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/theirishnationlives iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/ie/podcast/the-irish-nation-lives Main Sources: Military Archives Atlas of the Irish Revolution Maurice Walsh - “Bitter Freedom” Charles Townshend -"The Republic"

Tipperary's Big Four had been on the run since the Soloheadbeg Ambush in January. A brief stop in May 1919 to raise funds led to the capture and dramatic rescue of Seán Hogan at Knocklong Station on the day of his 18th birthday. Joe Ambrose “Seán Treacy and the Tan War” Dan Breen “My Fight for Irish Freedom” Edmond O'Brien WS0597 Dr. Joseph Kearney WS0704 Joseph V. Lawless WS1043 Michael Davern WS1348 John J. O'Brien WS1647 Seumas Robinson WS1721 Dan Breen WS1739 The Royal Irish Constabulary Forum https://irishconstabulary.com/the-knocklong-incident-t710.html Risteárd Mulcahy. http://thefontofknowledge.blogspot.com/2015/08/the-irish-war-of-independence.html Social Media: Twitter: https://twitter.com/theirishnation Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TheIrishNationLives/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/theirishnationlives/ Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/theirishnationlives iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/ie/podcast/the-irish-nation-lives Main Sources: Military Archives - http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie Atlas of the Irish Revolution - https://amzn.to/2BOtWbb Maurice Walsh - “Bitter Freedom” - https://amzn.to/2Af2a8i Charles Townshend - "The Republic" - https://amzn.to/2PBnXM5 Michael Hopkinson - ”The Irish War of Independence” - https://amzn.to/2WDFyqx Diarmuid Ferriter - “A Nation and not a Rabble” - https://amzn.to/2VS38QD Photos: Military Archives NLI Flickr account Wiki Commons

I've been making shorter episodes and uploading them to Youtube, if you haven't done so already check out the channel: http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzJ-Z_LCGFGf9xHh1MN1F_Q For two weeks in April 1919 the city of Limerick was governed by a workers council. The short lived Limerick Soviet was called in response to the imposition of martial law on the city. It had its own police force and issued its own currency. This episode looks at what drove the soviet and how it came to an end. References: www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie Michael Stack - WS0525 Mike McNamara - “The Limerick Soviet”:https://amzn.to/2COAFDk Please note these are Amazon Affiliate links which will grant The Irish Nation Lives a commission on purchases. Before buying through Amazon please considering supporting a local bookstore! The Irish Story - The Limerick Soviet: http://www.theirishstory.com/2019/03/28/robert-byrne-the-ira-volunteer-and-trade-unionist-whose-killing-sparked-the-limerick-soviet/#.XKCkk5hKi73 The General Strike 1919 - http://www.limerickcity.ie/media/Media,3944,en.pdf Social Media: Twitter: https://twitter.com/theirishnation Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TheIrishNationLives/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/theirishnationlives/ Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/theirishnationlives iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/ie/podcast/the-irish-nation-lives Main Sources: Military Archives - http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie Atlas of the Irish Revolution - https://amzn.to/2BOtWbb Maurice Walsh - “Bitter Freedom” - https://amzn.to/2Af2a8i Charles Townshend - "The Republic" - https://amzn.to/2PBnXM5 Michael Hopkinson - ”The Irish War of Independence” - https://amzn.to/2WDFyqx Diarmuid Ferriter - “A Nation and not a Rabble” - https://amzn.to/2VS38QD Photos: Military Archives NLI Flickr account Wiki Commons

By the start of the Irish Revolution the Irish language had been in a state of decline since the 1600's and lacked many of the words needed to found a new state, such as "Republic" and "President". This episode takes a look at some of the oddities that arose in creating these new words as Gaeilge. The Irish language didn't always fare well after independence but today is has a strong presence online. Below are some links to those who use the language or talk about it, please follow and support them. They are only a small subsection of the Irish community online, if you know of any others please post them in the comments. twitter.com/theirishfor twitter.com/Motherfocloir twitter.com/PopUpGael twitter.com/OsgurOCiardha twitter.com/TheKavOfficial twitter.com/unakavanagh twitter.com/darachos twitter.com/MiseCiara twitter.com/olamajekodunmi1 twitter.com/reic twitter.com/BLOCTG4 twitter.com/riomhacadamh twitter.com/BreacEolas twitter.com/aonachtailteann Learn Irish: Duolingo.com www.focloir.ie reddit.com/r/gaeilge News: nos.ie tuairisc.ie Video Games: twitch.tv/yunitex youtube.com/channel/UC0ztcblWa5lc3CSpo31-k-w Youtube: youtube.com/channel/UCpHQt7ikZvjCOexULmqDarg youtube.com/channel/UC2VusPJ_ajgRNc1HxauDUeQ youtube.com/channel/UC3Eh9IEmAhCIr5C2ADeaA9A youtube.com/user/tglurgan youtube.com/channel/UCusPSXmu_J8eKbEz0duYVfQ The Irish Nation Lives Twitter: https://twitter.com/theirishnation Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TheIrishNationLives/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/theirishnationlives/ Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/theirishnationlives iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/ie/podcast/the-irish-nation-lives

In this episode, as we approach the anniversary of the War of Independence, I take a look at modern research into what factors lead to insurgent campaigns. Using this research we can examine the years leading up to the War of Independence and see how and why events like the Home Rule Crisis affected the out break of violence. Seth G. Jones - "Waging Insurgent Warfare": https://amzn.to/2Ot7KwA Peter Hart - "The I.R.A. at War 1916 - 1923": https://amzn.to/2J0lf0I twitter.com/theirishnation

Famed as the muse of W. B. Yeats, Maud Gonne shared with him a fascination of the occult. In her autobiography, A Servant of the Queen, Maud intermixes a number of paranormal and occult experiences with her campaign for Irish freedom. Throughout her life she feels the presence of otherworldly forces guiding her and punishing her enemies... Maud Gonne - "A Servant of the Queen": https://amzn.to/2wMr1gF Maud Gonne - Bureau of Military History file: http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie/reels/bmh/BMH.WS0317.pdf https://twitter.com/theirishnation

For decades Irish politicians agitated for Home Rule for Ireland. Ulster Unionists were prepared to engage in open treason against Britain to prevent it coming into the force and it almost caused a civil war to break out. The 1916 Rising is blamed for destroying Home Rule and the Irish people turned against it at the 1918 General Election. But what exactly is Home Rule? Had it came into force what would a Home Rule Parliament have looked like, what powers would it have had and most importantly what powers would have been denied to it? Text of the Government of Ireland Act 1914: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1914/90/pdfs/ukpga_19140090_en.pdf Arthur Griffith - "The Home Rule Bill Explained":http://digitalcollections.tcd.ie/content/237/pdf/237.pdf

On the 20th of June 1918 the last by-election before the General Election in December was held. Coming on the back of the Conscription Crisis and the German Plot arrests Sinn Féin received a massive boost and stormed the poll. In this episode I look at this and the previous by-elections that set the ground for the massive upset in December.

In April of 1918 two Irish Volunteers were killed in raid on an R.I.C. station at Gortatlea in County Kerry. Months before Soloheadbeg this was an early action in the War of Independence. On the 18th of June the Ballymacelligott Company set out to take revenge for their fallen comrades. Tadhg Kennedy http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie/reels/bmh/BMH.WS1413.pdf Thomas McEllistrim http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie/reels/bmh/BMH.WS0882.pdf Dying for the Cause: https://www.mercierpress.ie/irish-books/dying-for-the-cause-/ Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/theirishnation

In May of 1918, as Ireland reeled from the arrests of many leading nationalists and as the threat of conscription seemed to grow, Cathal Brugha departed London and took up residence near Regents Park for 3 months. In this episode of Pages Out of Irish History I look at the reasons behind his expedition to London. Joseph Good: http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie/reels/bmh/BMH.WS0388.pdf#page=40 Bill Whelen: http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie/reels/bmh/BMH.WS0369.pdf#page=6 Sceilg: http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie/reels/bmh/BMH.WS0384.pdf#page=1 Richard Walsh: http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie/reels/bmh/BMH.WS0400.pdf#page=36 Ernest Blythe: http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie/reels/bmh/BMH.WS0939.pdf#page=131 Seán Matthews: http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie/reels/bmh/BMH.WS1022.pdf#page=8 Séan MacEoin: http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie/reels/bmh/BMH.WS1716pt1.pdf#page=2 https://thecricketbatthatdiedforireland.com/2015/05/17/the-ira-big-gun-and-the-death-of-matt-furlong-1920/ Also referenced: "The Republic" by Charles Townsand and "Enchanted by Dreams" by Joe Good.

Britain has suffered heavy casualties in the Spring Offensive and attempts to introduce conscription to Ireland has been hampered by Nationalist opposition there. The new administration in Dublin Castle will use the appearance of a mysterious figure off on the west coast of Ireland to accuse Sinn Féin of being part of a German plot and on the 16-17th of May 1918 it will move to arrest it's entire leadership. On this episode of The Irish Nation Lives we will look at what evidence existed for such a move and examine witness statements to see if there was indeed communication with Imperial Germany. For more information on the Irish Brigade in Germany and Roger Casement's time there: www.irishbrigade.eu Witness Statements from the Bureau of Military History: www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie/ Eamon Broy: http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie/reels/bmh/BMH.WS1280.pdf Seán T. O'Kelly: http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie/reels/bmh/BMH.WS1765%20PART%202.pdf Liam De Róiste: http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie/reels/bmh/BMH.WS1698%20PART%202.pdf Dominick Molloy: http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie/reels/bmh/BMH.WS1570.pdf Richard Walsh: http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie/reels/bmh/BMH.WS0400.pdf Robert Brennan: http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie/reels/bmh/BMH.WS0779%20Section%201.pdf

Throughout April and early May of 1918 Ireland was in the grips of the Conscription Crisis. Often overlooked, this event would set the stage for much of what would follow throughout the rest of the year up to the December General Election. Episode 1 of The Irish Nation Lives takes a brief look at the crisis and introduces some of the people who will have a major role to play in the events ahead.