Podcasts about Western Europe

If you were living in Western Europe in the late middle ages and early modern age, you might well come across partly eaten humans, whilst walking around in the woods, or even, alas, strolling in Paris. OBVIOUSLY these partly eaten humans had been attacked by werewolves! Duh! There were a lot of real wolves roaming around,  attacking humans, if the wolves had rabies, or there was a widespread famine affecting all the living beings, but of course the real wolves hadn't attacked and partly eaten the people you were stumbling over. No. It was the fault of actual humans, who, for nefarious reasons, had made deals with the Devil, and therefore could become wolves whenever they wanted, with the help of magic girdles and whatnot. Your hosts discuss the connection of werewolves with witches in the late middle ages and early modern era. Really, that would be the point of all this. But Anne is fascinated both by real wolves and the fact that it was only Western Europe that was in on this nonsense, on account of Eastern Europe doing other things altogether, and Michelle explains Peter Stumpp, who was ONLY a werewolf and not a witch, apparently. Also, John Steinbeck gets involved. Happy Halloween!

"To me, that ark is: engaging deeply with our traditions. It's reclaiming some of what we lost when we were assimilating and trying to fit in. We have thousands of years of text that have such wisdom about the human condition, about how to be a good person, and lead a worthy life . . . What we can really do is, we can be Jews. And to be a Jew has always been to be different." Sarah Hurwitz—former White House speechwriter and New York Times bestselling author of Here All Along—returns to People of the Pod to discuss her new book, As a Jew: Reclaiming Our Story from Those Who Blame, Shame, and Try to Erase Us. Hurwitz reflects on why antisemitism remains, in her words, "the least mysterious phenomenon," and how Jews can reclaim pride, wisdom, and purpose through Jewish text, practice, and community. Drawing from her work as a hospital chaplain and her conversations with Jewish students on campus, she makes a powerful case for reconnecting with the depth and resilience of Jewish tradition. Key Resources: AJC's Translate Hate Glossary AJC's Efforts to Support the Hostages Listen – AJC Podcasts: Architects of Peace The Forgotten Exodus People of the Pod Follow People of the Pod on your favorite podcast app, and learn more at AJC.org/PeopleofthePod You can reach us at: peopleofthepod@ajc.org If you've appreciated this episode, please be sure to tell your friends, and rate and review us on Apple Podcasts or Spotify. Transcript of the Interview: Manya Brachear Pashman:     During the Obama administration, Sarah Hurwitz served as senior speech writer for President Barack Obama and chief speech writer for First Lady Michelle Obama. But after she left the White House, she did a little bit of soul searching, and in her mid 30s, reconnected with her Judaism. She wrote about it in a book titled Here All Along, and joined us at the time to talk about it. Sarah has returned with us this week to talk about the book that followed, titled As a Jew: Reclaiming Our Story from Those Who Blame, Shame, and Try to Erase Us.  Sarah, welcome back to People of the Pod. Sarah Hurwitz:  Thank you so much. I'm thrilled to be here. Manya Brachear Pashman:     So your title has a very powerful accusation. So tell us who is blaming, shaming and trying to erase us? Sarah Hurwitz:   Yeah. So, you know, it's funny. My first book, as you know, was this love letter toJudaism. This, this journey of discovery of Jewish tradition, and I loved it so much, and I wanted to share it. You know, as I was writing it, I was thinking, Oh, where has this been all my life. Kind of a lovely, almost rhetorical question. But after it came out, a few things kind of happened that made me actually ask that question more seriously. Like, Wait, why did I not see any of the 4000 years of Jewish wisdom growing up?  The first thing was, I trained to be a volunteer hospital chaplain, and you know, chaplaincy is multifaith, open to chaplains of all backgrounds. But you know, the training was kind of weirdly Christian. You know, we would talk about our ministry and our theology. And I was told that prayer is God, please heal so and so who's right here in front of me, and I'm just making this prayer up spontaneously, and they can hear me, and that's prayer. And everyone prays that way, I was told. I said, You know that that's not really a common form of Jewish prayer. But I was told, No, no, as long as you don't say Jesus, it is universal. That's interesting.  And then something else that happened is I visited a college campus probably a year before October 7, and I was talking to students there at the Hillel, talking to a bunch of Jewish students. And one of them asked me, What did you do to respond to antisemitism when you were in college? And I was so stunned, I didn't even understand the question at first. And then I said, I didn't, not once, never. Not a single time did I deal with antisemitism.  And the kids just looked kind of shocked, like they didn't believe me. And they started sharing stories of the antisemitism they were facing on campus. And I thought, uh oh, something's going on here. And then I really began kind of taking a deep dive into my identity.  Of like, wait, so why did I spend my whole life being like, oh, I'm just a cultural Jew. I knew nothing about Jewish culture. Which is a beautiful way to be Jewish, being a cultural Jew, but I knew nothing about history, language, anything like that. When I said I'm an ethnic Jew, but Jews are of every ethnicity, so that's nonsense.  Or I'd say social justice is my Judaism, but I didn't know anything about what Judaism said about social justice. Unlike these wonderful Jews who do know about social justice and spend their lives acting out Jewish social justice.  And so I took a deep dive into history, and what I discovered was 2000 years of antisemitism and anti-Judaism and 200 years of Jews in Western Europe in a very understandable attempt to escape that persecution, kind of erasing many of our traditions. And I think that was kind of my answer to, where has this been all my life? And also my answer to, why did I have such an apologetic Jewish identity for so much of my life? Manya Brachear Pashman:     In my introduction, I left off half the title of your first book because it was very long, but I am curious, kind of, when did you realize . . . well, let me give the full title of your book, it's Here All Along: Finding Meaning, Spirituality, and a Deeper Connection to Life--in Judaism (After Finally Choosing to Look There).  So I guess, how was that delayed connection to Judaism, can you elaborate a little bit more about how it was tied to these forces that you just talked about? Sarah Hurwitz:  Yeah, so, you know, something that I didn't really fully understand, I had intimations of this, but didn't really understand this, is that, you know, 2000 years ago, early Christianity very much defined itself against Judaism. There was actually a name for this, the Aversos Judeos tradition, which means against the Jews in Latin.  And you know, early Church Fathers very much were defining Christianity against Judaism, because back then, both of these traditions had originated from Judaism. And you know they parted ways at some point, and the Church Fathers were really trying to distinguish Christianity from Judaism, and to get people to stop kind of practicing both traditions. This tradition really continues with Judaism defined as unspiritual, legalistic, depraved, dead, spiritually superseded. A lot of very, very ugly tropes that kind of have common themes that say that Jews are diabolically powerful, so supernaturally powerful, you can't even believe it. They are also profoundly depraved, evil, bloodthirsty, perverse, and they're in a conspiracy to hurt you. So there may be very few of them, but man, they are working together to really do harm.  And you see these three themes kind of making their way through history, unfortunately, all the way basically, until the Holocaust. And I based a lot of my writing on the work of a number of really distinguished Christian scholars who make this argument. It's actually a pretty common argument among Christian scholars.  And, you know, in recent decades, the church has very much disavowed its historic anti-Judaism and has worked very hard to, you know, fight antisemitism in the church. But, you know, these things really did kind of continue on through the 20th century. Manya Brachear Pashman:     So you do describe in your book moments when you got oddly defensive about your Judaism, or perhaps a bit revisionist about Jewish history and the origin of Jewish traditions, or the reason why they exist now in modern day. Can you elaborate on some of those moments for our listeners and explain how you've self-corrected thatdefense? Sarah Hurwitz:  You know, I think a lot of it took the form of, oh, I'm Jewish, but not that Jewish. It was just sort of this immediate, but I'm not one of those Jews. You know, those really Jewish Jews. Well, I'm sorry, would it be a problem if I were? What if social justice wasn't my Judaism, but Judaism was my Judaism? Would that be okay? You know, just beginning to notice, like, Why am I always kind of pushing it away, claiming that I'm not too Jewish? That's a very strange way to announce someone's identity. I think, you know, Dara Horn has actually a really, quite an amazing essay called The Cool Kids, and she talks about these two different types of antisemitism. And one is this kind of eliminationist antisemitism which says the Jews are bad, there's nothing they can do to be good. We must kill them. And you know, that is the Holocaust, pogroms. We learn about that kind of antisemitism in school. But there's another kind of antisemitism, which is conversionist, which says, yes, the Jews are bad, but there is something they can do to be okay and saved. And that is, they can disavow whatever we, the majority, find disgusting about Jewish civilization.  So you know, back in the day, it was, reject Jewish religion and convert to Christianity, and you'll be saved, maybe. For some amount of time, possibly. In my parents and grandparents generation, it was, you know, reject your last name, get a nose job. Stop being so "Jewy", be a little bit more "waspy," and then maybe we'll let you into our club. Then maybe we'll accept you.  And today, what you see is you have to reject your ancestral homeland, you know, reject Israel, and then you'll be okay. And, you know, I visited 27 college campuses, and I kind of saw how this sometimes takes on the format of almost like a Christian conversion narrative, where it goes something like, you know, growing up, my rabbi and my parents told me Israel was perfect and amazing and a utopia. And then I got to college, and I realized that actually it's a colonialist, Nazi, racist society, and I had an epiphany. I saw the light, and I took anti-Zionism and anti-colonialism into my heart, and now I'm saved. Now I'm a good Jew. And their classmates are like, now you're a good Jew.  And as Dara Horn puts it, this kind of antisemitism involves the weaponization of shame. It involves really trying to convince Jews that there is something fundamentally shameful about some aspect of themselves, their identity, their tradition. And today, that thing is Israel. This idea that there's something fundamentally . . . it's like the original sin of the world. Manya Brachear Pashman:     And you also talk about the tradition of circumcision, and how that came up, and you found yourself explaining this to someone. Can you elaborate on that for our listeners? Which I thought was really interesting.  Sarah Hurwitz:  This was during an encounter with a patient. I was doing a chaplaincy shift, and  usually I don't tell my patients my religious background, I'm very neutral, unless they're Jewish, in which case, I do tell them I'm Jewish. But, you know, I was finishing up a conversation with this very lovely lady. And she was very curious about my background. And so I told her, you know, I'm Jewish. And her eyes kind of lit up, and she said, Oh, you know, many of my neighbors are Jewish. I've actually been to two brisses in the past month.  And she just, you know, and she was so lovely, like, she actually seemed to be just really happy to be included in this tradition of her neighbors. And I got weirdly defensive, and was like, Oh, well, you know, just so, you know, medical professionals, they say whether you circumcise or don't circumcise, it's really, it's equally safe either way. And you know, we often, you know, when we do brisses, they're often done by a medical provider.  And I'm going on and on and like, this woman did not say the slightest negative thing about this tradition, but suddenly I am defensive. Suddenly it's like, Huh, interesting. You know, I think that it was an illustration to me of the way that we can sometimes really imbibe all of the kind of negative views about Jews and Jewish traditions that are around us, and become defensive, and sometimes we don't even realize that they're there. It's almost like they're the air that we breathe. Manya Brachear Pashman:     But let me challenge that and push back a little bit. I mean, is it okay to not agree with some of the traditions of the Jewish faith and be open about your disagreement with that? I certainly know a lot of Christians who don't like things that emerge from their tradition or from their community. Is that okay? Or is it not when Judaism is threatened? Sarah Hurwitz:  So I actually do think that's okay. You know, I have no problem with that, but I think the problem in this situation was that I have no problem with circumcision, but I'm suddenly getting defensive and trying to convince this woman that it's not weird. And I'm thinking, why am I doing this? It was very interesting to me that I felt so suddenly defensive and anxious. You know, it was very surprising to me. Manya Brachear Pashman:     And similarly, it's okay to criticize Israeli policy too, right? I mean, it's totally acceptable.  Sarah Hurwitz:  Absolutely. This is the thing that I'm so confused about. Where people are saying, well, you know, you're saying that it's not okay to criticize Israel. And I'm like, I'm sorry. Have you been to Israel? It's like the national pastime there to criticize the government. I criticize the Israeli government all the time, as do millions of American Jews.  This idea that this is somehow… that we're somehow reacting to criticism of Israel, that's ridiculous. I think what we're reacting to is not criticism of Israel, but it's something else. You know, when you have students on a college campus saying from water to water, Palestine should be Arab, or Israelis are Nazis. I just, with all due respect, I don't see that as criticism. Nor would I see it as criticism if, God forbid, a Jewish student ever said from water to water, Israel should be Jewish, or, Palestinians are terrorists. That is hateful, disgusting, racist, eliminationist language. And if I ever heard a Jewish student say that, I mean, let me tell you, I would have quite a talking to with that kid.  So that's not criticism. Criticism is, I am vehemently opposed and abhor, this policy, this ideology, this action, for these reasons. That's criticism. And I think you can use real strong language to do that kind of criticism. But there's a difference between a criticism and slurs and baseless accusations. And I think we need to be just clear about that. Manya Brachear Pashman:     All right, so you just use the term from water to water instead of from river to sea. Was that on purpose? Sarah Hurwitz:  Not necessarily. It's just a clearer illustration of what I think from the river to the sea really means, you know, I think  that is the Arabic that is used. Infrom the river to the sea, Palestine shall be free. It's like, you can kind of make an argument that this is about Palestinian Liberation. And okay, fair enough. But I think when you get the from water to water, it shall be Arab, that's when I think there's less of an argument that it's about freedom, and it seems a little bit more eliminationist to me. Manya Brachear Pashman:     Interesting. I've not heard that before. But I like that. So you call antisemitism the least mysterious phenomenon. Can you please explain what you mean by that? Sarah Hurwitz:  Yeah, you know, I think, like a lot of young people, my antisemitism education was mainly just Holocaust education. And I kind of walked away thinking like, huh, how wild that the civilized world just lost its mind in the mid-20th century and started killing Jews. That's so shocking and disturbing, you know, why is that? And the answer was kind of like, well, you know, the Germans lost World War I. They blamed the Jews. There was a depression. They blamed the Jews.  And when you ask why the Jews, it's like, well, because of prejudice and scapegoating. I'm like, Okay, right. But again, why the Jews? Prejudice and scapegoating, that's the answer. It's like, well, actually, the answer really is because of 2000 years of Christian anti-Judaism that preceded that. It wasn't mysterious why the Jews were targeted.  This was a 2000-year neural groove that had been worn into the Western world psyche. And this is not my argument. This is the argument of countless Christian scholars whose brilliant work I cite. And so I think that the unfortunate thing about some forms of Holocaust education is that it leaves you with the impression that, oh, this is so mysterious, it's just kind of eternal and kind of comes out of nowhere. Or even worse, you might even think maybe we did something to deserve this. But it's not mysterious. I can show you its path through history.  And I think it's very important that Jews understand this history. And look, I think this is very hard to teach in an average American public school. Because, you know, we live in a country where, you know, saying Happy Holidays instead of Merry Christmas is very upsetting for some people. They feel very threatened and triggered by that.  So for a teacher to say, like, Okay, kids today we're going to learn about how 2000 years of Christian anti-Judaism paved the way for the Holocaust . . . I don't think that's going to go well. Even if many mainstream Christian scholars would agree that that's true, this is a challenge that we face. Manya Brachear Pashman:     So you have continued, as you said, to visit college campuses where antisemitism has been an issue since October 7, more of an issue than it even was beforehand. And yet, when you were at Harvard and Harvard Law, you've said you could have walked through Harvard Yard wrapped in an Israeli flag and no one would have said a word or reacted negatively. So what has changed, and does it signal a more general shift on campuses of kind of uncensored, unbridled speech?  In other words, if black students support black lives matter, or gay students are marching for pride, do you feel like there's a sense that students who disagree with that from either the right or the left, have kind of claimed a license to criticize that too? Sarah Hurwitz:  No. I try to explain to college students when they say, Well, okay, my campus isn't that bad, you know, I can wear my Jewish star, and I won't get, you know, harassed or ostracized. And I say, like, okay, great, if it's not that bad, I'll just wear my Israel t-shirt and we'll see how it goes. They're like, No.  And then I have to go through this long litany of like, okay, if your black classmate said to you, well, this campus isn't so bad for black students, but I can't wear my Black Lives Matter t-shirt or else I'll be harassed and ostracized. I hope you would say that's not okay, that's racism, pretty clear. Or if your queer classmate said, Well, this campus is pretty good for queer people, but I can't wear my pride t-shirt, I hope you would say, That's not pretty good. That's homophobia.  You know, when the majority feels entitled to decide how the minority can embody and express their identity, I think we have a really serious problem. And  sometimes the kids will push back on me. Well, no, no, but the problem isn't being Jewish. It's Israel. I'm like, okay, but if your Chinese American classmate wore a t-shirt that said China, even if all your classmates knew that the Chinese government had been interning a million Muslim Uighurs in camps and subjecting them to horrific human rights violations, would they harass and ostracize her?  And they're like, Well, probably not. Right, because they would assume that she has a relationship to China that maybe involves having heritage there, or maybe she studied abroad there, or maybe she's studying Chinese, maybe she has family there. I think they would assume that she has some connection to the country that doesn't involve agreeing with the policies of the Chinese government, and Jewish students on campus really aren't afforded that courtesy.  And I'll tell you, most of the Jewish students I spoke with on campus, they, like me, are extremely critical of this current Israeli government. Extremely, extremely critical. They have all sorts of criticisms about what's happening in Gaza, of the occupation.  You know, their views are quite nuanced and complex, but there is no room given for that. You know, I think on some college campuses, Israel has been put into the same bucket as the KKK and the Nazi party. So I can't say to you, look, you know, I'm a Nazi, but I'm a liberal Nazi. Or, oh, you know, I'm in the KKK, but I'm not racist. It's like, come on, right?  These are vile entities with which no connection is acceptable, period. And I think once Israel ceases to be a country and instead becomes the representation of all evil in the world, there's really no relationship that you can have with it that's acceptable. And I think that is a pretty devastating place for it to be today.  And I'll tell you, I think it's a really challenging moment right now where I, like a lot of American Jews, I'm a Zionist. I believe that Jews have a right to a safe and secure home state in their ancestral homeland. I believe we have the right to national independence and self determination, like Japanese people have in Japan and Latvians have in Latvia, and on and on. And you know, we've run that experiment of Jewish powerlessness for 2000 years, and it didn't go well. Even as late as the 20th century. It wasn't just that two thirds of Jews in Europe got wiped out because of the Holocaust.  It's that nearly a million Jews who lived in Arab lands had to flee persecution, most of them to Israel. It's that 2 million Russian Jews had to flee persecution, half of them to Israel. It's that 10s of 1000s of Ethiopian Jews, I can go on and on. So we know, we've run that experiment of Jewish statelessness, and it doesn't go well.  And at the same time, we are looking at this current Israeli government, and we are appalled. We're appalled by the ideology, we're appalled by many of the policies. And you know, for me as an American, this feels very familiar, because I love this country. I'm a proud, patriotic American, and I happen to very much disagree with the current president. I happen to be very much appalled by the current president's policies and ideology. And so, I think many people are able to hold that, but somehow it's harder with Israel, because of what is in the air right now. Manya Brachear Pashman:     So, really you're saying that antisemitism has distorted history. Distorted people's understanding of Israel's history, their understanding of modern Israel's rebirth and existence. It spawned anti-Zionism. Correct?  Sarah Hurwitz:   Yes. Manya Brachear Pashman:     Did you encounter that during your time in the Obama administration? Do you see it now, in hindsight or or is it a more recent emergence? Sarah Hurwitz:   I think this is more recent. I mean, you know, probably in some spaces it was, you know, I was in the administration from 2009 to 2017. I never once saw any kind of anti-Zionism or antisemitism. I mean, it was one of the best places to be a proud, passionate Jew. I knew my colleagues could not have been more supportive of my Jewish exploration. They were so proud when I wrote my first book.  So I never saw any of this ever, once. And I think, you know, I think what is so confusing about this is that we often think about antisemitism as a kind of personal prejudice, like, oh, you know, Jews are fill in the blank, nasty thing. They are dirty, cheap, crass. I don't want my daughter to marry one. I don't want one in my country club.  You don't really see that kind of antisemitism in the circles where I travel anymore. What you see instead is more of political antisemitism, which is antisemitism as a kind of conspiracy theory that says that we, the majority, are engaged in a grand moral project, and the only thing stopping us are these Jews. We the majority are Christianizing the Roman Empire.  The only thing stopping us, these Jews who won't convert. We the majority are bringing about the brotherhood of man, the great communist revolution. The only thing stopping us, these capitalist Jews. We the Germans, are bringing about the great, racially pure Aryan fatherland. The only thing stopping us – these race-polluting Jews.  And today in America, you see it on the right and the left. On the right, it's, you know, we white Christian Americans are bringing back white Christian civilization to America. And the only thing stopping us are these Jews who are importing black and brown immigrants to replace white people. That is the extremely racist and antisemitic theory known as the Great Replacement theory. It is an ugly, disgusting lie.  On the left you have, you know, we this very moral group of people. we are bringing about the revolution of anti-colonialism, anti-Zionism. And the only thing stopping us are these colonialist Zionists, which is a polite way of saying Jews. And so, you know, I think it's very important to understand, as Yossi Klein Halevi, the journalist, puts it, you know, what you see again and again is whatever is the worst thing in a society, that is what the Jews are deemed to be. Whatever is the worst thing among a particular population, that is what the Jews are deemed to be. And I think we're kind of seeing that on both the right and the left today. Manya Brachear Pashman:     If antisemitism defines so much, or has defined so much of Jewish identity, how do we reclaim that? How have you reclaimed that? And how have you found joy in your Jewish identity, especially after doing this book and immersing yourself and all of this extremely depressing perspective? Sarah Hurwitz:   I hear this kind of line among many Jews that breaks my heart. It's this sort of self-flagellation, of like, if we just had the right PR campaign, if we just had the right tweet, then we would fight antisemitism. It's our fault, we're doing such a bad job fighting antisemitism. And, you know, I love the ambition there. I think that is so sweet.  But there are 16 million of us in the whole world. That's with an M, million, like the size of like, the fifth largest city in China. We are a Chinese city. There are billions of people who don't really love us out there. And the idea that we, this tiny group of people, is going to somehow change the minds of billions of people. I really respect the ambition, but I think that's a tough one.  I think it's sort of like trying to bail out a tsunami with buckets. You know, if enough of us do it, I'm sure we can make a difference. And I have such respect for the people who are doing that work. I think it's very important. But I also would just suggest that maybe we should put a little more of our energy into building an ark to weather the storm.  And you know, to me, that ark is, engaging deeply with our traditions. It's reclaiming, I think, some of what we lost when we were assimilating and trying to fit in. You know, we have thousands of years of text that have such wisdom about the human condition, about how to be a good person and lead a worthy life and find profound spiritual connection. We have just so many beautiful traditions. And so I think that what we can really do is, we can be Jews. And to be a Jew has always been to be different.  That was kind of our value proposition thousands of years ago when we came along and said, hey guys, monotheism. Totally different way of thinking. We said, hey, every human being is created in the image of God, which is an idea that every human being is infinitely worthy. Which, again, this is the idea that underlies things like liberalism, democracy, human rights. These are really Earth-shatteringly different counter cultural ideas, and we have so many more of those that I still think the world needs today.  So I think that rather than just being anti-anti-semites, that we can be proud Jews instead, and we can really focus on becoming more learned, more vibrant members of our communities, you know, engaging in more of our traditions and our rituals.  I also think, you know, Dara Horn has been doing a lot of great work about educating kids about Jewish civilization. Rather than having young people only know about the Jews via the Holocaust, she really wants to teach young people about Jewish civilization, ideas, and people. I think that is a very, very powerful and very helpful idea. Manya Brachear Pashman:     So how are you doing this? How do you spend each week? How do you reclaim some of these traditions and joy? Sarah Hurwitz:    For me, it's studying. That's really how I engage, you know, I have various chavrutas or I study Jewish texts. I love reading Jewish books, and I love participating in the Jewish community. You know, I love engaging with various Jewish organizations, you know, serving on various committees, and just trying to be part of this project of reclaiming Judaism, of making it more accessible to more Jews. This is what I love doing, and I'll be starting in January. I'm actually going to be starting a rabbinic program at the Hartman Institute. It's a part time program.  And I'm not not planning to be a congregational rabbi, but I do want to keep writing books, and I am really grateful for this opportunity to get a much deeper, more thorough Jewish education than the one I've kind of given to myself, and, you know, kind of cobbled together. I think this is going to be a really extraordinary opportunity. So I'm very excited about that.  Manya Brachear Pashman:     Oh, wow. Well, congratulations. I look forward to welcoming you back to the podcast and calling you Rabbi.  Sarah Hurwitz: Thank you. Manya Brachear Pashman:     Thank you so much for joining us, Sarah. Sarah Hurwitz:  Such a pleasure. Thank you for having me.   

With implications for the history of religion and art alike, an exploration of the lasting influence of Christian liturgy across a range of media. Light on Darkness: The Untold Story of the Liturgy (Reaktion Books, 2025) offers a captivating journey through the history of religious rituals in Western Europe, showcasing the profound impact of Christian liturgy on art, literature, music, and architecture. Through ten evocative stories, it explores medieval rituals and their cultural influence up to the present day, providing fresh insights into the enduring legacy of the liturgy as an expression of human emotion and religious experience. Accessible to all, this guide provides translations and explanations to uncover the hidden treasures of ancient rites and their lasting significance, appealing to those seeking a deeper understanding of Western liturgical traditions. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

With implications for the history of religion and art alike, an exploration of the lasting influence of Christian liturgy across a range of media. Light on Darkness: The Untold Story of the Liturgy (Reaktion Books, 2025) offers a captivating journey through the history of religious rituals in Western Europe, showcasing the profound impact of Christian liturgy on art, literature, music, and architecture. Through ten evocative stories, it explores medieval rituals and their cultural influence up to the present day, providing fresh insights into the enduring legacy of the liturgy as an expression of human emotion and religious experience. Accessible to all, this guide provides translations and explanations to uncover the hidden treasures of ancient rites and their lasting significance, appealing to those seeking a deeper understanding of Western liturgical traditions. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/literary-studies

With implications for the history of religion and art alike, an exploration of the lasting influence of Christian liturgy across a range of media. Light on Darkness: The Untold Story of the Liturgy (Reaktion Books, 2025) offers a captivating journey through the history of religious rituals in Western Europe, showcasing the profound impact of Christian liturgy on art, literature, music, and architecture. Through ten evocative stories, it explores medieval rituals and their cultural influence up to the present day, providing fresh insights into the enduring legacy of the liturgy as an expression of human emotion and religious experience. Accessible to all, this guide provides translations and explanations to uncover the hidden treasures of ancient rites and their lasting significance, appealing to those seeking a deeper understanding of Western liturgical traditions. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/architecture

With implications for the history of religion and art alike, an exploration of the lasting influence of Christian liturgy across a range of media. Light on Darkness: The Untold Story of the Liturgy (Reaktion Books, 2025) offers a captivating journey through the history of religious rituals in Western Europe, showcasing the profound impact of Christian liturgy on art, literature, music, and architecture. Through ten evocative stories, it explores medieval rituals and their cultural influence up to the present day, providing fresh insights into the enduring legacy of the liturgy as an expression of human emotion and religious experience. Accessible to all, this guide provides translations and explanations to uncover the hidden treasures of ancient rites and their lasting significance, appealing to those seeking a deeper understanding of Western liturgical traditions. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/music

With implications for the history of religion and art alike, an exploration of the lasting influence of Christian liturgy across a range of media. Light on Darkness: The Untold Story of the Liturgy (Reaktion Books, 2025) offers a captivating journey through the history of religious rituals in Western Europe, showcasing the profound impact of Christian liturgy on art, literature, music, and architecture. Through ten evocative stories, it explores medieval rituals and their cultural influence up to the present day, providing fresh insights into the enduring legacy of the liturgy as an expression of human emotion and religious experience. Accessible to all, this guide provides translations and explanations to uncover the hidden treasures of ancient rites and their lasting significance, appealing to those seeking a deeper understanding of Western liturgical traditions. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/art

With implications for the history of religion and art alike, an exploration of the lasting influence of Christian liturgy across a range of media. Light on Darkness: The Untold Story of the Liturgy (Reaktion Books, 2025) offers a captivating journey through the history of religious rituals in Western Europe, showcasing the profound impact of Christian liturgy on art, literature, music, and architecture. Through ten evocative stories, it explores medieval rituals and their cultural influence up to the present day, providing fresh insights into the enduring legacy of the liturgy as an expression of human emotion and religious experience. Accessible to all, this guide provides translations and explanations to uncover the hidden treasures of ancient rites and their lasting significance, appealing to those seeking a deeper understanding of Western liturgical traditions. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/religion

Light Science Technologies Holdings PLC (AIM:LST) CEO Simon Deacon talked with Proactive's Stephen Gunnion about the company's latest milestone—a new project supporting Nottingham Trent University (NTU) in developing a smart agriculture research centre. Deacon described the £460,000 contract as a significant opportunity to demonstrate the company's AgTech capabilities. “This is a really good showcase for our AgTech division,” he said. The project brings together the company's full product range, including sensorGROW—its sensing technology and software, nurturGROW—its lighting solution, and the Tomtech computer system for environment control. He explained that this integrated turnkey offering allows clients to manage complete growing environments, aligning well with NTU's focus on controlled environment agriculture. The contract also leverages the company's manufacturing capabilities in the UK, supporting both commercial and academic applications in vertical farming and indoor growing. Deacon highlighted the momentum in the AgTech division, with a quoted sales pipeline of £45 million being converted steadily. International demand is also rising, particularly in Eastern and Western Europe. He emphasised that providing complete solutions, not just individual products, is key to delivering value and scaling growth. To hear more about the company's growth and vision for AgTech, watch the full interview above. Visit Proactive's YouTube channel for more exclusive CEO interviews. Don't forget to like this video, subscribe to our channel, and enable notifications for future updates. #AgTech #VerticalFarming #SmartFarming #ControlledEnvironmentAgriculture #LightScienceTechnologies #IndoorGrowing #sensorGROW #nurturGROW #Tomtech #UKManufacturing #GreenTech #SustainableFarming #PrecisionAgriculture #SimonDeacon #NTUProject

American intellectuals always seem to believe they are living through the end times. From the fascist poet Ezra Pound in the 1930s to the historian of fascism Timothy Snyder today, they flee America in despair. In Seekers and Partisans,, Boston University historian David Mayers tells the story of these exiled thinkers between 1935 and 1941 — what he calls “the crisis years.” But crisis… what crisis? Compared to Germany, Russia, or even Western Europe, America's troubles were relatively modest. So is history repeating itself nearly a century later? Are today's “Trumpagies” — intellectuals disillusioned with Trump's America — the second coming of Ezra Pound and his fellow seekers and partisans of the interwar years?1. History doesn't repeat — but it rhymes.Mayers argues that the wave of “Trumpagies” today — intellectuals leaving America out of despair — echoes but doesn't duplicate the 1930s exodus. Americans have long fled home in search of moral or political clarity abroad, though their motives shift with each crisis.2. The 1930s “crisis years” were more imagined than real.While Mayers' book Seekers and Partisans frames 1935–1941 as “the crisis years,” he notes that America's troubles then were mild compared to the totalitarian catastrophes of Europe. The panic, he suggests, often existed more in the minds of intellectuals than in the republic itself.3. Idealism and delusion often go hand in hand.Figures like Ezra Pound, W.E.B. Du Bois, and Anna Louise Strong reveal how moral passion can curdle into political blindness — from fascist sympathies to uncritical faith in communism or empire. Smart people, Mayers observes, can “get things dreadfully wrong.”4. The duty isn't to flee — it's to stay.Asked what lessons apply to Trump-era exiles, Mayers insists the responsible act is not flight but persistence: to “stay here and salvage the situation.” The illusion, he says, is that “things are all that brilliant elsewhere.”5. The American Dream includes its disillusionments.From the 1930s “seekers and partisans” to today's disenchanted academics, the impulse to escape America reveals as much about its promise as its failures. The intellectual's panic, Mayers suggests, is part of America's enduring struggle to understand itself.Keen On America is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit keenon.substack.com/subscribe

In the years following the end of the Second World War, the post-war world that many in the West hoped for never materialized.  Their former ally, the Soviet Union, turned from friend to foe. They installed puppet communist governments in all of the countries they occupied when pushing their way to Germany, and now the concern was that the Soviets would try to take over the rest of Europe.  In response, twelve nations in Western Europe and North America joined together in a military alliance, the likes of which hadn't been seen before in history. Learn more about NATO, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, how it formed, and how it evolved on this episode of Everything Everywhere Daily. Sponsors Quince Go to quince.com/daily for 365-day returns, plus free shipping on your order! Mint Mobile Get your 3-month Unlimited wireless plan for just 15 bucks a month at mintmobile.com/eed Stash Go to get.stash.com/EVERYTHING to see how you can receive $25 towards your first stock purchase. Newspaper.com Go to Newspapers.com to get a gift subscription for the family historian in your life! Subscribe to the podcast!  https://everything-everywhere.com/everything-everywhere-daily-podcast/ -------------------------------- Executive Producer: Charles Daniel Associate Producers: Austin Oetken & Cameron Kieffer   Become a supporter on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/everythingeverywhere Discord Server: https://discord.gg/UkRUJFh Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/everythingeverywhere/ Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/everythingeverywheredaily Twitter: https://twitter.com/everywheretrip Website: https://everything-everywhere.com/  Disce aliquid novi cotidie Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

SEASON 8: The First CrusadeEPISODE 192: The World(view) Behind the First CrusadeLet's take a moment to survey Europe by 1095. What was the world like on the Eve of the First Crusade? What were the various political and economic ideas that flooded out of Western Europe and into the Holy Land? What kinds of technology were these westerners skilled in using, both militarily and in other parts of life? What was trade like? There are endless avenues to go down, and it would behoove us all to do a once-over before proceeding into the epic that was the First Crusade! Oh, and I've earthquakes, comets, and even a tornado to mention…who knew?!No More Paywalls! How?If you believe in what's happening here – bringing our shared history to life, warts and all, free to the public with absolutely no more paywalls…ever…please consider donating to my caffeine-mediated research and writing through the website/app Buy Me A Coffee! With opportunities for one-time donations and even a monthly donation plan, you can voluntarily contribute to the continuation of this show. I would be eternally grateful!Social Media:YouTube: Fortune's Wheel PodcastMeta: https://www.facebook.com/fortunes.wheel.3 X: https://twitter.com/WheelPodcastDonate! Buy Me A Coffee!

For more information on the Franklin TN chapter of the New Canaan Society, go here: https://newcanaansociety.org/franklin/ How often have you prayed, "God, I'll go where you send me"? How often have you meant it? Jon Petersen's story starts with missionary parents in Tokyo, but he describes himself as a product of the Jesus Revolution in California where he began church planting among counter-culture youth in the 1970s. Since then God has led him and his family to serve prostitutes, drug addicts, and Satanists in Amsterdam, then to evangelism, church planting, and prayer ministry in Russian Siberia, Eastern and Western Europe, and finally back here to the United States. For the last 7 years he's been following God's call to minister to cities. Today, through City Table and Greenhouse Training, Jon equips church, business, and government leaders to bring transformation to their communities.

William Wagner BiographyHe graduated from the University of New Mexico in Civil engineering and worked as a licensed engineer for five years.  He then graduated from Southwestern Baptist Seminary with a Master of Theology degree and became a pastor.  This led him and his family to go to Austria with the Southern Baptists and begin thirty-five years as missionaries to Eastern and Western Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa.  During that time, he completed two earned Doctor's degrees, one from The University of South Africa and one from Fuller Theological Seminary. Upon his retirement from the Mission Board, he was invited to serve as the Professor of Evangelism and Missions at Golden Gate Baptist Seminary in California.  After serving there for ten years, he retired for a second time, and  began working with Olivet University where he was also President for three years. During his ministry he has started nine churches in four countries, help start two Seminaries in Europe, and one International University. He has written seven books and served as the second vice president of the Southern Baptist Convention for one year.  At the present time he is the Chairman of the Global Strategy Forum.   He and his wife Sally live in the San Francisco area in California.Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-x-zone-radio-tv-show--1078348/support.Please note that all XZBN radio and/or television shows are Copyright © REL-MAR McConnell Meda Company, Niagara, Ontario, Canada – www.rel-mar.com. For more Episodes of this show and all shows produced, broadcasted and syndicated from REL-MAR McConell Media Company and The 'X' Zone Broadcast Network and the 'X' Zone TV Channell, visit www.xzbn.net. For programming, distribution, and syndication inquiries, email programming@xzbn.net.We are proud to announce the we have launched TWATNews.com, launched in August 2025.TWATNews.com is an independent online news platform dedicated to uncovering the truth about Donald Trump and his ongoing influence in politics, business, and society. Unlike mainstream outlets that often sanitize, soften, or ignore stories that challenge Trump and his allies, TWATNews digs deeper to deliver hard-hitting articles, investigative features, and sharp commentary that mainstream media won't touch.These are stories and articles that you will not read anywhere else.Our mission is simple: to expose corruption, lies, and authoritarian tendencies while giving voice to the perspectives and evidence that are often marginalized or buried by corporate-controlled media

Is the legacy of 20th century Marxism one of victory or defeat? On a certain reading, the defeat of the international proletarian revolution has been the distinctive preoccupation of a variegated tradition of thought that has come to be known as Western Marxism. For critics, Western Marxism represents a turn away from historical materialism's proper focus on forces of production, class struggle, and the unity of theory and practice towards the superstructure of capitalist civilization: ideology, philosophy, aesthetics, and culture. At its best, however, Western Marxism offers the most theoretically advanced and intellectually honest reckoning with the historical defeat of the proletarian revolution in the advanced capitalist economies of Western Europe and the United States. In this episode, we are fortunate to host Ross Wolfe, author of a recent, timely piece on the legacy of Western Marxism in New International entitled “Neo-Stalinism & Philosophy: Domenico Losurdo's New School of Falsification.” Wolfe's three-part series offers a devastating critique of the Neo-Stalinist revival that has lately become popular among the online left and whose standard bearer is Italian Stalinist Domenico Losurdo. Focusing on Losurdo's Western Marxism: How it was Born, How it Died, How it can be Reborn, translated into English earlier this year, this episode attempts to salvage the enduring insights of the Western Marxist tradition from Losurdo's distortions and outright falsifications, with the aim of exposing the hollowness of Neo-Stalinist scholarship and politics. In doing so, we try to lay the groundwork for what a clear-eyed reckoning with the successes and failures of historical Marxism might look like today and what possibilities for revolutionary anti-capitalist politics are still available to us, here at the end of history. Read Ross's tripartite piece here:Part 1: https://newintermag.com/against-losurdo/Part 2: https://newintermag.com/losurdos-lies/Part 3: https://newintermag.com/revisionism-revisited/Follow Ross on Twitter(X): @rosswolfePlease consider becoming a paying subscriber to our Patreon to get exclusive bonus episodes, early access releases, and bookish merch: https://www.patreon.com/MoralMinorityFollow us on Twitter(X).Devin: @DevinGoureCharles: @satireredactedEmail us at: moralminoritypod@gmail.com

In Western Europe, we typically associate Vikings with the storm-tossed waters of the North Sea and the North Atlantic, the deep Scandinavian fjords and the attacks on the monasteries and settlements of north-western Europe. This popular image rarely includes the river systems of Russia and Ukraine, the wide sweep of the Eurasian steppe, the far shores of the Caspian Sea, the incense and rituals of the Eastern Orthodox Church and the high walls and towers of the city of Constantinople. Yet for many Viking raiders, traders and settlers, it was the road to the East that beckoned. These Viking adventurers founded the Norse–Slavic dynasties of the Rus, which are entangled in the bitterly contested origin myths of Russia and Ukraine. The Rus were the first community in the region to convert to Christianity – in its Eastern Orthodox form – and so they are at the heart of the concept of ‘Holy Russia'. Russian rulers have frequently referenced these Norse origins when trying to enhance their power and secure control over the Ukrainian lands, most recently demonstrated by Vladimir Putin as his justification for seizing Crimea and invading Ukraine. In Vikings in the East: From Vladimir the Great to Vladimir Putin – The Origins of a Contested Legacy in Russia and Ukraine (BiteBack Publishing, 2025), historian Martyn Whittock explores the important but often misunderstood and manipulated role played by the Vikings in the origins of Russian power, the deadly consequences of which we are still living with today. This interview was conducted by Dr. Miranda Melcher whose book focuses on post-conflict military integration, understanding treaty negotiation and implementation in civil war contexts, with qualitative analysis of the Angolan and Mozambican civil wars. You can find Miranda's interviews on New Books with Miranda Melcher, wherever you get your podcasts. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/history

What happened after the war to the communities around Monte Sole? Why did SS troops execute civilians, including women and children? How did survivors try to move on with their lives? Join James Holland and Al Murray for part 3 as they explore the story of the largest mass killing of civilians in Western Europe outside of the camps, and try to understand why the tragedy is so poorly known. *This episode contains content that may upset some listeners.* Start your free trial at ⁠patreon.com/wehaveways⁠ and unlock exclusive content and more. Enjoy livestreams, early access to podcast episodes, ad-free listening, bonus episodes, and a weekly newsletter packed with book deals and behind-the-scenes insights. Members also get priority access and discounts to live events. A Goalhanger Production Produced by James Regan Exec Producer: Tony Pastor Social: @WeHaveWaysPod Email: wehaveways@goalhanger.com Membership Club: patreon.com/wehaveways Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

In Western Europe, we typically associate Vikings with the storm-tossed waters of the North Sea and the North Atlantic, the deep Scandinavian fjords and the attacks on the monasteries and settlements of north-western Europe. This popular image rarely includes the river systems of Russia and Ukraine, the wide sweep of the Eurasian steppe, the far shores of the Caspian Sea, the incense and rituals of the Eastern Orthodox Church and the high walls and towers of the city of Constantinople. Yet for many Viking raiders, traders and settlers, it was the road to the East that beckoned. These Viking adventurers founded the Norse–Slavic dynasties of the Rus, which are entangled in the bitterly contested origin myths of Russia and Ukraine. The Rus were the first community in the region to convert to Christianity – in its Eastern Orthodox form – and so they are at the heart of the concept of ‘Holy Russia'. Russian rulers have frequently referenced these Norse origins when trying to enhance their power and secure control over the Ukrainian lands, most recently demonstrated by Vladimir Putin as his justification for seizing Crimea and invading Ukraine. In Vikings in the East: From Vladimir the Great to Vladimir Putin – The Origins of a Contested Legacy in Russia and Ukraine (BiteBack Publishing, 2025), historian Martyn Whittock explores the important but often misunderstood and manipulated role played by the Vikings in the origins of Russian power, the deadly consequences of which we are still living with today. This interview was conducted by Dr. Miranda Melcher whose book focuses on post-conflict military integration, understanding treaty negotiation and implementation in civil war contexts, with qualitative analysis of the Angolan and Mozambican civil wars. You can find Miranda's interviews on New Books with Miranda Melcher, wherever you get your podcasts. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

In Western Europe, we typically associate Vikings with the storm-tossed waters of the North Sea and the North Atlantic, the deep Scandinavian fjords and the attacks on the monasteries and settlements of north-western Europe. This popular image rarely includes the river systems of Russia and Ukraine, the wide sweep of the Eurasian steppe, the far shores of the Caspian Sea, the incense and rituals of the Eastern Orthodox Church and the high walls and towers of the city of Constantinople. Yet for many Viking raiders, traders and settlers, it was the road to the East that beckoned. These Viking adventurers founded the Norse–Slavic dynasties of the Rus, which are entangled in the bitterly contested origin myths of Russia and Ukraine. The Rus were the first community in the region to convert to Christianity – in its Eastern Orthodox form – and so they are at the heart of the concept of ‘Holy Russia'. Russian rulers have frequently referenced these Norse origins when trying to enhance their power and secure control over the Ukrainian lands, most recently demonstrated by Vladimir Putin as his justification for seizing Crimea and invading Ukraine. In Vikings in the East: From Vladimir the Great to Vladimir Putin – The Origins of a Contested Legacy in Russia and Ukraine (BiteBack Publishing, 2025), historian Martyn Whittock explores the important but often misunderstood and manipulated role played by the Vikings in the origins of Russian power, the deadly consequences of which we are still living with today. This interview was conducted by Dr. Miranda Melcher whose book focuses on post-conflict military integration, understanding treaty negotiation and implementation in civil war contexts, with qualitative analysis of the Angolan and Mozambican civil wars. You can find Miranda's interviews on New Books with Miranda Melcher, wherever you get your podcasts. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/central-asian-studies

In Western Europe, we typically associate Vikings with the storm-tossed waters of the North Sea and the North Atlantic, the deep Scandinavian fjords and the attacks on the monasteries and settlements of north-western Europe. This popular image rarely includes the river systems of Russia and Ukraine, the wide sweep of the Eurasian steppe, the far shores of the Caspian Sea, the incense and rituals of the Eastern Orthodox Church and the high walls and towers of the city of Constantinople. Yet for many Viking raiders, traders and settlers, it was the road to the East that beckoned. These Viking adventurers founded the Norse–Slavic dynasties of the Rus, which are entangled in the bitterly contested origin myths of Russia and Ukraine. The Rus were the first community in the region to convert to Christianity – in its Eastern Orthodox form – and so they are at the heart of the concept of ‘Holy Russia'. Russian rulers have frequently referenced these Norse origins when trying to enhance their power and secure control over the Ukrainian lands, most recently demonstrated by Vladimir Putin as his justification for seizing Crimea and invading Ukraine. In Vikings in the East: From Vladimir the Great to Vladimir Putin – The Origins of a Contested Legacy in Russia and Ukraine (BiteBack Publishing, 2025), historian Martyn Whittock explores the important but often misunderstood and manipulated role played by the Vikings in the origins of Russian power, the deadly consequences of which we are still living with today. This interview was conducted by Dr. Miranda Melcher whose book focuses on post-conflict military integration, understanding treaty negotiation and implementation in civil war contexts, with qualitative analysis of the Angolan and Mozambican civil wars. You can find Miranda's interviews on New Books with Miranda Melcher, wherever you get your podcasts. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/russian-studies

In Western Europe, we typically associate Vikings with the storm-tossed waters of the North Sea and the North Atlantic, the deep Scandinavian fjords and the attacks on the monasteries and settlements of north-western Europe. This popular image rarely includes the river systems of Russia and Ukraine, the wide sweep of the Eurasian steppe, the far shores of the Caspian Sea, the incense and rituals of the Eastern Orthodox Church and the high walls and towers of the city of Constantinople. Yet for many Viking raiders, traders and settlers, it was the road to the East that beckoned. These Viking adventurers founded the Norse–Slavic dynasties of the Rus, which are entangled in the bitterly contested origin myths of Russia and Ukraine. The Rus were the first community in the region to convert to Christianity – in its Eastern Orthodox form – and so they are at the heart of the concept of ‘Holy Russia'. Russian rulers have frequently referenced these Norse origins when trying to enhance their power and secure control over the Ukrainian lands, most recently demonstrated by Vladimir Putin as his justification for seizing Crimea and invading Ukraine. In Vikings in the East: From Vladimir the Great to Vladimir Putin – The Origins of a Contested Legacy in Russia and Ukraine (BiteBack Publishing, 2025), historian Martyn Whittock explores the important but often misunderstood and manipulated role played by the Vikings in the origins of Russian power, the deadly consequences of which we are still living with today. This interview was conducted by Dr. Miranda Melcher whose book focuses on post-conflict military integration, understanding treaty negotiation and implementation in civil war contexts, with qualitative analysis of the Angolan and Mozambican civil wars. You can find Miranda's interviews on New Books with Miranda Melcher, wherever you get your podcasts. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/eastern-european-studies

In Western Europe, we typically associate Vikings with the storm-tossed waters of the North Sea and the North Atlantic, the deep Scandinavian fjords and the attacks on the monasteries and settlements of north-western Europe. This popular image rarely includes the river systems of Russia and Ukraine, the wide sweep of the Eurasian steppe, the far shores of the Caspian Sea, the incense and rituals of the Eastern Orthodox Church and the high walls and towers of the city of Constantinople. Yet for many Viking raiders, traders and settlers, it was the road to the East that beckoned. These Viking adventurers founded the Norse–Slavic dynasties of the Rus, which are entangled in the bitterly contested origin myths of Russia and Ukraine. The Rus were the first community in the region to convert to Christianity – in its Eastern Orthodox form – and so they are at the heart of the concept of ‘Holy Russia'. Russian rulers have frequently referenced these Norse origins when trying to enhance their power and secure control over the Ukrainian lands, most recently demonstrated by Vladimir Putin as his justification for seizing Crimea and invading Ukraine. In Vikings in the East: From Vladimir the Great to Vladimir Putin – The Origins of a Contested Legacy in Russia and Ukraine (BiteBack Publishing, 2025), historian Martyn Whittock explores the important but often misunderstood and manipulated role played by the Vikings in the origins of Russian power, the deadly consequences of which we are still living with today. This interview was conducted by Dr. Miranda Melcher whose book focuses on post-conflict military integration, understanding treaty negotiation and implementation in civil war contexts, with qualitative analysis of the Angolan and Mozambican civil wars. You can find Miranda's interviews on New Books with Miranda Melcher, wherever you get your podcasts. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

iGaming Daily continues its conference tour, bringing you this episode live from SBC Summit Tblisi, Georgia. Host Charlie Horner, Ted Menmuir, and Martyn Elliott assess the potential of the Central and Eastern European (CEE) and Central Asian markets. The team discusses the region's innovative tech offer, the "upbeat mood" compared to Western Europe, and why major groups like Entain and Flutter are using M&A deals to acquire local "hero brands" to gain access to growing markets. They also dive into the regulatory evolution across CEE, including governance issues in Romania and new laws in Croatia and Serbia.Later in the episode, the focus shifts to the United Kingdom, analysing the uncertainty surrounding impending tax hikes in the budget. The co-hosts discuss threats by Evoke (potentially closing up to 200 William Hill shops) and Entain (hinting at diverting investment) away from the UK and into other markets. The team debates the government's handling of the prolonged situation, the effectiveness of the industry's "black market" lobbying argument, and the long-term impact on the UK sector.Host: Charlie HornerGuests: Martyn Elliott & Ted MenmuirProducer: James RossEditor: James RossiGaming Daily is also now on TikTok. Make sure to follow us at iGaming Daily Podcast (@igaming_daily_podcast) | TikTok for bite-size clips from your favourite podcast.Finally, remember to check out Optimove at https://hubs.la/Q02gLC5L0 or go to Optimove.com/sbc to get your first month free when buying the industry's leading customer-loyalty service.

It's just two guys talking China's naval history. In this episode, David and Jeremiah dig into the story of Zheng He, the 15th-century admiral who took China's treasure fleets halfway around the world as Western Europe was just starting to figure out ocean navigation. Here's a Muslim eunuch who went from prisoner to running the emperor's treasure fleets. The man brought giraffes home as diplomatic gifts and offered up Sri Lankan kings as trophies to his boss. His fleets dwarfed anything Europe had, yet China wasn't really interested in claiming territory, just showing up, trading, and reminding everyone who ran the seas. Then Beijing killed the whole program. Just like that. Done. Why'd they stop? That's the question. Because when China bailed on blue-water sailing, Portugal and Spain filled the gap. Different game plan entirely. Flash forward to 2025, David is in Addis Ababa this month watching Chinese construction projects in Ethiopia and he's drawing lines between Zheng He's trade missions and today's Belt and Road. Same waters, same connections, five centuries apart. What can a eunuch, a giraffe, and a fleet of enormous ships can teach us about the history of globalization?

Watch The X22 Report On Video No videos found (function(w,d,s,i){w.ldAdInit=w.ldAdInit||[];w.ldAdInit.push({slot:17532056201798502,size:[0, 0],id:"ld-9437-3289"});if(!d.getElementById(i)){var j=d.createElement(s),p=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];j.async=true;j.src="https://cdn2.decide.dev/_js/ajs.js";j.id=i;p.parentNode.insertBefore(j,p);}})(window,document,"script","ld-ajs");pt> Click On Picture To See Larger PictureThe [CB] system causes inflation, the housing market has become so expensive that people can no longer afford it. Trump and Bessent are now putting the blame on the D's shutdown because it is hurting the economy, [CB] failed again. Trump funding Argentina, not the IMF, boom. Fed ready to tighten, they are trying to raise long term rates, this plan will not work. The [DS] is in panic mode. All they have left is protect what they have here in this country, if they lose the illegals and the ability to cheat in the election they are screwed. The Supreme Court is hearing arguments in regards to the Voting Rights Act. If the SC rules against the D's they will lose 19 seats. Trump is pushing the [DS] down the path of war. "To Know Your Enemy, You Must Become Your Enemy" Sun Tzu. Every Battle Is Won Before It's Ever Fought.   Economy   https://twitter.com/Barchart/status/1978420195581448671 (function(w,d,s,i){w.ldAdInit=w.ldAdInit||[];w.ldAdInit.push({slot:18510697282300316,size:[0, 0],id:"ld-8599-9832"});if(!d.getElementById(i)){var j=d.createElement(s),p=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];j.async=true;j.src="https://cdn2.decide.dev/_js/ajs.js";j.id=i;p.parentNode.insertBefore(j,p);}})(window,document,"script","ld-ajs"); https://twitter.com/TrumpWarRoom/status/1978461005668606355  https://twitter.com/TrumpWarRoom/status/1978458451048116621 Trump Warns Argentina: Back Milei or Lose US Funds In a rare presidential endorsement in a foreign election, President Donald Trump has thrown his political cachet into the reelection campaign of Argentine President Javier Milei on Tuesday night. "Great meeting today with Javier Milei!" Trump wrote on Truth Social. "He is doing the right things for his Country. I hope the people of Argentina understand how good a job he is doing, and will support his work during the upcoming Midterms, so we can continue to help him achieve Argentina's incredible potential. "Javier Milei has my Complete and Total Endorsement — He will not let you down. MAKE ARGENTINA GREAT AGAIN!" Trump said at the White House on Tuesday he would endorse Milei for reelection and previously had already indicated during the U.N. General Assembly in September he was endorsing Milei, when he handed the Argentine leader a print-out of a Truth Social post with his endorsement. Trump threatened to pull assistance for Argentina — led by a political kindred spirit whose philosophy aligns with that of the Republican administration — if the nation's internal politics don't go the U.S.' way in its upcoming elections. The comments came during a meeting with Milei, whose country is set to hold midterm elections for its legislative body later this month. Source: newsmax.com https://twitter.com/JoeLang51440671/status/1978170213301399633   an extraordinary bailout of Argentina.” “The U.S. is providing a $20 billion currency swap line with Argentina's central bank — essentially exchanging stable U.S. dollars with volatile pesos.” https://cnbc.com/2025/10/13/the-us-has-stepped-in-with-an-extraordinary-bailout-of-argentina-heres-what-it-means.html Did you know that Argentina used to be one of the most wealthy countries in the world? Guess when they were considered one of the wealthiest countries and the significance of what happened in America that year? “By 1913, Argentina was among the world's wealthiest nations per capita, with its income comparable to that of Western Europe and even surpassing countries like France, Germany, and Italy.

How did the SS units fight back against the Italian partisan brigades? When was the Marzabotto massacre? What happened to the leaders of the Stella Rossa, and their families? Join James Holland and Al Murray for part 2 as they explore the story of the largest mass killing of civilians in Western Europe outside of the camps, and try to understand why the tragedy is so poorly known. *This episode contains content that may upset some listeners.* Start your free trial at ⁠patreon.com/wehaveways⁠ and unlock exclusive content and more. Enjoy livestreams, early access to podcast episodes, ad-free listening, bonus episodes, and a weekly newsletter packed with book deals and behind-the-scenes insights. Members also get priority access and discounts to live events. A Goalhanger Production Produced by James Regan Exec Producer: Tony Pastor Social: @WeHaveWaysPod Email: wehaveways@goalhanger.com Membership Club: patreon.com/wehaveways Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Normally, we would expect the Left to be the ones questioning the validity of the United States' involvement and conduct in World War II as anything other than a ‘noble cause,' – which it was. As of late, World War II revisionism is happening on our own side, among some conservatives. These revisionists are not focusing on typical, left-leaning talking points like Japanese internment or the dropping of the atomic bombs.   Instead, they have chosen to die on some very odd hills: Japan was pressured into attacking Pearl Harbor because of the U.S.' oil embargo, Admiral Yamamoto was a peacenik, and Hitler was sincere when he sued for peace in July 1940 after conquering much of Western Europe. This and more on today's editions of “Victor Davis Hanson: In His Own Words:” 00:00 Introduction: Revisiting World War II Decisions 01:00 Conservative Reinterpretations of WWII 02:08 Key Elements and Misconceptions of WWII 04:38 Japan's Aggression and the Pacific War 05:25 Hitler's Ambitions and the Importance of WWII

Where is Monte Sole in Italy? Why was the Stella Rossa such a successful partisan group? What resistance did Italians engage in to fight Nazi Germany? Join James Holland and Al Murray for part 1 as they explore the story of the largest mass killing of civilians in Western Europe outside of the camps, and try to understand why the tragedy is so poorly known. *This episode contains content that may upset some listeners.* Start your free trial at ⁠patreon.com/wehaveways⁠ and unlock exclusive content and more. Enjoy livestreams, early access to podcast episodes, ad-free listening, bonus episodes, and a weekly newsletter packed with book deals and behind-the-scenes insights. Members also get priority access and discounts to live events. A Goalhanger Production Produced by James Regan Exec Producer: Tony Pastor Social: @WeHaveWaysPod Email: wehaveways@goalhanger.com Membership Club: patreon.com/wehaveways Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Ambisonics recording at the wall, physically separating Eastern Europe from Western Europe in Berlin during the Cold War in the years 1961 to 1989. This recording is part of the HEYR project, presenting 3-dimensional soundscapes from special locations, connected to special events. Find out more by visiting https://www.heyr.no Recorded by Anders Vinjar.

| S03 | E06 | In Part 2 of this two-part series of the Thinking Faith Catholic Podcast, Deacon Eric Gurash and Dr. Brett Salkeld continue their exploration of the rise in Catholic conversions across North America and Western Europe. Building on last week's conversation, they dig deeper into the personal, cultural, and spiritual factors inspiring people to enter the Catholic Church today.

HEADLINE: The Pleistocene Mammoth Steppe and the Mosaic Environment of Early Human Evolution BOOK TITLE: Other Lands, a journey through Earth's Extinct Worlds GUEST AUTHOR NAME: Thomas Halliday 200-WORD SUMMARY: This excerpt introduces the work of paleontologist and evolutionary biologist Thomas Halliday, beginning in the Pleistocene era, 20,000 years ago. The focus is the Mammoth Steppe, described as the largest ecosystem on the planet. This cold, arid, grass-dominated environment stretched from Western Europe across Beringia into Alaska and the Yukon, managed by large herbivores like mammoths, woolly rhinos, and bison. Today, this entire community is essentially non-existent. The apex predator discussed is Arctodus Simus, the fearsomely large short-faced bear. The narrative then moves backward to the Pliocene, 4 million years ago, in the East African Rift Valley(Kenya/Ethiopia). This region, marked by sequences of ancient lakes, features a crucial mosaic environment of forests and grasslands. This mixed habitat was extremely important for the evolution of versatile, problem-solving organisms, including early human ancestors. The earliest species definitively known to be more closely related to humans than chimpanzees, Orrorin tugenensis, occupied this land. Halliday emphasizes exploring ecosystems that, while humans were present globally, were not yet heavily modified by human activity.

X: @GarrettInExile @americasrt1776 @ileaderssummit @NatashaSrdoc @JoelAnandUSA @supertalk Join America's Roundtable (https://americasrt.com/) radio co-hosts Natasha Srdoc and Joel Anand Samy with the Honorable Tom Garrett, a leading attorney, currently serving as a legislator in the Commonwealth of Virginia, former Assistant Attorney General and former U.S. Congressman. While serving in the US Congress, Tom served on the Foreign Affairs Committee and Homeland Security Committee. An expert on Iran and the Middle East, Tom Garrett's analysis and insights are enlightening as America's foreign policy and national security concerns are focused on a strategic region adversely impacted by Iran, a state sponsor of terrorism. Key Topics: The state of America's economy and the impact of the One Big Beautiful Bill Act focused on cutting taxes for everyday and hardworking Americans, including no tax on tips and overtime, no tax on social security, and savings for American families. Energy | Fuel costs going down with a goal to make America energy independent. President Trump's speech at the United Nations and the truth that while Western nations spend hundreds of billion of taxpayer dollars on the efforts to address climate change while China continues to be the world's number polluter. He called it "a conjob." President Trump stated that renewable energy, along with migration, was destroying Western countries and placing nations in debt and added greater security challenges. Published report: _President Trump attacked global immigration and efforts to fight climate change during an address to the United Nations, claiming they were among the world's top threats to Western civilization. In an hour-long speech filled with grievances about ongoing wars, windmills and malfunctioning escalators, it was Trump's attacks against what he called a “double-tailed monster” that rang loudest in the ornate General Assembly room. “Immigration and the high cost of so-called green, renewable energy is destroying a large part of the free world and a large part of our planet,” he said. “Countries that cherish freedom are fading fast because of their policies on these two subjects. Both immigration and their suicidal energy ideas will be the death of Western Europe.” “I'm telling you that if you don't get away from the ‘green energy' scam, your country is going to fail. If you don't stop people that you've never seen before that you have nothing in common with, your country is going to fail.” _ President Donald Trump, speech delivered at the United Nations, September 23, 2025 America's eyes are focused on state-wide elections in New Jersey and Virginia, with governors' races and the legislatures which will determine key policies including economic and social issues. Pro-life advocates are concerned about Virginian Democrats pushing for a radical plan: House Joint Resolution 1/Senate Joint Resolution 247, would amend the Virginia Constitution to allow for unrestricted abortion through the third trimester of pregnancy – repealing and preventing widely supported abortion regulations that enjoy broad support from the American people. New manufacturing plant in the United States - Insulin for Americans | Competition to bring down prices of pharmaceuticals in America | India's Biocon which produces biosimilars and insulin opened its first manufacturing facility in New Jersey. Biocon Biologics is a global leader in biosimilars and insulin production and is among the top three global players for rh-Insulin and Insulin Glargine, providing over 9.2 billion doses of insulin globally with a broad portfolio comprising basal, mixed and rapid acting insulins. Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw, Chairperson, Biocon Group, said, “Biocon's first U.S. FDA approved formulations facility in New Jersey marks a new chapter in our journey of global expansion. More than a milestone, it is a reaffirmation of our purpose to serve patients wherever they are." Washington Times, op-ed by Natasha Srdoc and Joel Anand Samy: FDA must fast track insulin for the millions of Americans living with diabetes https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/oct/17/fda-must-fast-track-insulin-for-the-millions-of-am/ Bio | Tom Garrett Virginia Delegate Tom Garrett earned his Bachelor's degree from the University of Richmond. After the University of Richmond, Tom Garrett became an artillery officer in the United States Army. Achieving the rank of Captain, Tom led soldiers overseas—most notably while deployed in Bosnia. Upon returning to the States, Tom earned his J.D. from the University of Richmond and quickly became an Assistant Attorney General for Virginia. In 2016, Tom was elected to represent Virginia's 5th Congressional District in the United States House of Representatives. Tom won that election with the most votes ever in the 5th Congressional District. While in Congress, Tom served on the Foreign Affairs Committee, Homeland Security Committee, Education and Workforce Committee and was a member of the Freedom Caucus. In the years since, Tom Garrett has dedicated his life to fighting for the oppressed and forgotten not only here in America, but around the world. Tom has been working on a global docu-series project, Exile, (https://www.wvtf.org/news/2021-12-10/former-congressman-tom-garrett-working-on-a-new-documentary-series) which tells the untold stories of those who are persecuted based on their faith or ethnicity. In addition to continuing his work as a defense attorney, Tom has served as a consultant and most recently, cofounder for firms working in global energy development. americasrt.com (https://americasrt.com/) https://summitleadersusa.com/ | https://jerusalemleaderssummit.com/ America's Roundtable on Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/americas-roundtable/id1518878472 X: @GarrettInExile @americasrt1776 @ileaderssummit @NatashaSrdoc @JoelAnandUSA @supertalk America's Roundtable is co-hosted by Natasha Srdoc and Joel Anand Samy, co-founders of International Leaders Summit and the Jerusalem Leaders Summit. America's Roundtable (https://americasrt.com/) radio program focuses on America's economy, healthcare reform, rule of law, security and trade, and its strategic partnership with rule of law nations around the world. The radio program features high-ranking US administration officials, cabinet members, members of Congress, state government officials, distinguished diplomats, business and media leaders and influential thinkers from around the world. Tune into America's Roundtable Radio program from Washington, DC via live streaming on Saturday mornings via 68 radio stations at 7:30 A.M. (ET) on Lanser Broadcasting Corporation covering the Michigan and the Midwest market, and at 7:30 A.M. (CT) on SuperTalk Mississippi — SuperTalk.FM reaching listeners in every county within the State of Mississippi, and neighboring states in the South including Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana and Tennessee. Tune into WTON in Central Virginia on Sunday mornings at 6:00 A.M. (ET). Listen to America's Roundtable on digital platforms including Apple Podcasts, Spotify, Amazon, Google and other key online platforms. Listen live, Saturdays at 7:30 A.M. (CT) on SuperTalk | https://www.supertalk.fm

Sarah Aswegan, a seasoned biopharma leader and strategic advisor for global rare disease solutions, shares her journey from sales in pharma to her consulting work today. She discusses her experience in transitioning biopharma companies from clinical to commercial success, the evolution of medtech in diagnosing and managing rare diseases, and the collaborative efforts required to bring innovative treatments to market. She also shares insights on current trends in gene therapy, the dynamics of funding, and the importance of data in advancing care for rare disease patients. Guest links: www.saraaswegan.com  Charity supported:  Interested in being a guest on the show or have feedback to share? Email us at theleadingdifference@velentium.com.  PRODUCTION CREDITS Host & Editor: Lindsey Dinneen Producer: Velentium Medical   EPISODE TRANSCRIPT Episode 065 - Sara Aswegan [00:00:00] Lindsey Dinneen: Hi, I'm Lindsey and I'm talking with MedTech industry leaders on how they change lives for a better world. [00:00:09] Diane Bouis: The inventions and technologies are fascinating and so are the people who work with them. [00:00:15] Frank Jaskulke: There was a period of time where I realized, fundamentally, my job was to go hang out with really smart people that are saving lives and then do work that would help them save more lives. [00:00:28] Diane Bouis: I got into the business to save lives and it is incredibly motivating to work with people who are in that same business, saving or improving lives. [00:00:38] Duane Mancini: What better industry than where I get to wake up every day and just save people's lives. [00:00:42] Lindsey Dinneen: These are extraordinary people doing extraordinary work, and this is The Leading Difference. Hello and welcome back to another episode of The Leading Difference podcast. I'm your host Lindsey, and today I'm delighted to welcome to the show, Sarah Aswegan. Sarah is a seasoned biopharma leader helping organizations transition and grow from clinical to commercial success. She prides herself on the success of leading multiple global cross-functional teams and contributing to the success of the franchise areas she oversaw and served. Until recently, she's applied these experiences while serving in a consultancy capacity for many small to midsize biotechs entering or expanding in rare disease. She has also successfully helped organizations to start and scale adjacent spaces to biopharma, and most recently has been serving as a Global Head of Commercial Assets, Brands, and Care Solutions, and has led transformational change at UCP, having been part of the design and scale of the business unit for rare disease. She maintains a strong network among clinicians, access, bioethicists, and patient advocacy globally. Well, thank you so much for joining us today. I'm so excited to speak with you. [00:01:52] Sara Aswegan: Thanks, Lindsey. It's nice to be here. [00:01:54] Lindsey Dinneen: Wonderful. Well, I'd love, if you wouldn't mind, sharing a little bit about yourself and your background and what led you to medtech. [00:02:02] Sara Aswegan: Yeah, thanks Lindsey. You know, I, I started my career ages ago in the pharma side of things, and as my career has grown, so has the exposure across pharmaceuticals, into biotech and including aspects of medtech. As we look at some of the areas I've spent the last 18 years in rare disease, the medtech component is coming in largely around if we think about the diagnosis component and then the management of the different conditions over the lifespan of a child or adult affected by a rare condition. You can see things really evolving. I started my career on the sales side of things. My education is in business and communication, so anyone can learn the science if you have good mentors and people to help you along the way. And I was really, really fortunate to work amongst a team of amazing individuals, both in the US and then now having lived away for about 15 years outside of the US that have helped open my eyes to what can be possible and the differences by markets. And as I mentioned, I spent the last 18 years in the rare disease space really helping companies of all sizes build out and scale their teams, bringing in new assets and bringing solutions to the field of rare disease. And it's something I'm very passionate about. [00:03:06] Lindsey Dinneen: Yeah. Well, thank you for sharing a little bit about that. So I'm curious, that's a very specific niche and I would love to understand how you arrived at that and how you realized, "Oh, this is what I'm meant to be doing." [00:03:19] Sara Aswegan: Yeah. So I made a move geographically and company-wise to a small firm at the time. We were just a very small team. We called it the bootstrapping team at Shire Human Genetic Therapies, and I moved from the Chicago area to Boston, and that was my first really exposure to rare diseases. And, it's a completely different field and it continues to evolve even to this day. But the closeness and proximity you have to patients and their families and those with unmet need. And I have, you know, a couple of close friends as well as a family member that's been affected by a rare disease. So as you're seeking care and support for them, it's not always about the medications. It's about that total person and thinking really holistically about the individual and their care teams that are impacted by those conditions. So the external community we were serving really drove me and introduced me to something that I've stayed with, and it brings great passion to try to find ways to support individuals in our western society, but also looking at low middle income countries and helping facilitate diagnosis to treatment to, again, that whole supportive care and largely from the internal teams within the organizations I've worked with has just is been tremendously rewarding and also equally challenging. It's beautiful to see progress. I mentioned diagnosis and. One of the areas I worked in initially was in the lysosomal storage disease area. And it's the age-old question on diagnosis. Do you facilitate newborn screening, for example, so when your child is born, you have a heel prick done and you can do a series of tests depending on the state you live in, and in some countries in Europe it's also provided. But if there's not a therapy, is it okay to do that type of diagnosis support. And so that challenge, you know, in seeing the policy evolve on a state by state basis. When I began in the rare disease space and MPS Type Two Hunter Syndrome, it's a condition that affects mostly boys and a very small part of our population. We knew we could do newborn screening and there was a therapy available, but it wasn't only realized until a few years ago to introduce newborn screening to help those families at the point of birth to know if their child was affected, and therefore start a different trajectory on how they planned for care for them and plan for if there was a medication or other supportive tools and resources available for them. So it's been extremely dynamic to see how things have evolved. And then now as you see medical and pharma medical technology advance as well into gene therapies. You're seeing news about gene therapy and it's a one time treatment and then the individual hopefully will not have be re redos in their lifetime. Along with that come challenges on that diagnosis piece to make sure they're eligible for the gene therapy. So again, through the device and technology sector, it plays a key role. In addition to the supportive care that goes on for some of these really severe conditions, people have some pretty dynamic needs and it's great to see how things are progressing, but it's still as equally as frustrating, whether you're on the manufacturer side or the family side, to see things be kind of slow sometimes. [00:06:15] Lindsey Dinneen: Yeah, of course. And you're dealing with a specific situation where many times-- please correct me if I'm wrong-- but it seems like many times there's these kinds of studies and conditions are not funded very well in terms of finding solutions to the problem. So how is that something that you, well, first of all, of course we're in a very interesting season of life right now. So how are you seeing funding evolve over the years for these different diseases that are a little bit more rare, and what can we all do in terms of even just awareness and understanding? [00:06:51] Sara Aswegan: Yeah, so that's a huge question. We could probably have about five conversations on this just to scratch the surface, Lindsey. I think if I reflect on the question on what we've seen around funding, I mean there are some wonderful, supportive grants available for the brilliant scientists we have around the world that have a curiosity. So making sure we can facilitate that ongoing academic environment to explore and test the hypothesis. And one of the things that you see coming along, and it's not really around-- I won't think about funding as just pure financial-- but it's the funding of the smarts that go around the table. You see a lot more collaboration amongst academia, industry governments coming together to help build and scale so that there's an awareness and understanding of a condition. I mean, a pediatrician could go through their entire career and never see a boy with Hunter Syndrome. It's just that rare. At the same time, and on the converse of that, if you're working in an industry where you do have access to more funds, the introduction of AI and looking at how we look at drug targeting, drug target selection, genetics and precision medicine have come along quite leaps and bounds in the last several years, but we're still not quite there. But you're seeing advancements with the different cell and gene therapies, having that precision medicine as an option. It's coming forward. The challenge is the size of studies are normally very small because the population is small. So thinking about patient recruitment, how can we help facilitate better identification of individuals that may be out there and not have received diagnosis because of the rarity of the condition? So looking at technology and advancement of integrated electronic health records up to and including, how do we look at the trial designs? And how do manufacturers, academics, industry, and agencies work together to think a little differently around even designing clinical endpoints for the studies that really are meaningful, that will make a difference. And how do you balance that, right? Correct risk benefit conversation, in the spirit of doing no harm. But if there's one chance and there's something available, how do you do that? And coming all the way downstream. If you think about where the organizations have advanced their thinking, their approach, and put funds behind, it's also that ongoing care of the individuals. If you look at the upstream, the types of tests that are available. It could be cancer, it could be the area I am so passionate about in genetic disorders, but it can also be thinking about the workflows that come into play in helping facilitate consistency of care across state borders, across country borders. It's a key piece that are really advancing in real time, but we're still trying to overcome the hurdles that are real. And that's things around data privacy. How do we navigate that in a really meaningful way with the right ethics and integrity. If we think about the regulators, this isn't a huge anti-infective or cardiac study that's ongoing, that there are gonna be tens of thousands of people. So how can we think a little bit differently on advancing the care. In the area I'm working in, Lindsey, especially with some of these individuals that are kids, if they don't get access to care by a certain age point, their window of treatment has closed. And so what could we do to help facilitate earlier diagnosis and then that advanced care. And so I think we can see a lot of really good intentions, and I think the most beautiful thing is even the collective gathering of different patient organizations that have a shared interest of a disease coming together and also helping raise research funds to help support the scientists that have a hypothesis on something that may really make a difference and may matter. [00:10:21] Lindsey Dinneen: Yeah. Yeah. Okay, so, there has been so much innovation in the last few years-- of course, even before that, but it seems to be extremely exciting in the last few years-- especially things like CRISPR and all sorts of new technologies emerging. What are some of the exciting trends that you're seeing in this space specifically that give you hope as you continue to look forward and look for solutions? [00:10:45] Sara Aswegan: I think for me, I mentioned, I touched on it lightly. I think it's that collective, that collaboration and the openness now. The FDA has advanced the way that they think and engage with agencies as well as industry partners. And so what I mean by that, Lindsey, is they're not just engaging with the scientists or with the manufacturers, the drug developers. They're also bringing patients in. And so that collaborative environment, they're even beginning conversations when there's discussion on clinical trial design to understand what really matters. Is it a six minute walk test or is it something around real behavioral or other abilities that can be learned and retained over time that help benefit the quality of life? If you're not gonna be able to cure something, what's really important at that patient front to help facilitate something meaningful. So I think that type of conversation also with the agencies looking at, there was an amazing session held in Europe recently in the mucopolysaccharidosis or the lysosomal storage disease area, looking at advancements of science and saying, can we look at biomarkers alone and create that relationship and understanding there is a clinically meaningful impact if we can address this biomarker. And so, companies like Ultragenyx have really pushed to have that conversation and dialogue and have a drug filed now that's under review based on biomarker endpoints alone, where five years ago, you would never have imagined that being possible. [00:12:12] Lindsey Dinneen: Yeah. Yeah. You touched on something that I would really love to explore a little bit deeper, and that is, when there's a situation that right now we don't have a cure for this disease-- and, you know, obviously we're still working towards it-- but if we don't have a cure, but we are trying to improve the quality of life, how do you balance that in your specific field in terms of: obviously you want the patients to live the best quality of life that they can while balancing so many other, and I don't mean this in a callous way at all, just from a practical perspective, balancing all of these other considerations and things that are also desiring funding and all those competing priorities. So how do you balance that? How, how does that come into play? [00:12:57] Sara Aswegan: So that's a big one. It's a tough one. And I'll oversimplify it and just say data. And what I mean by that, Lindsey is really looking at, with the technology at our fingertips, regardless of the geography you're living in, there's a lot of meaningful information that can be captured. And it's not, again, around one aspect of a disease, but it's the totality of health. So really looking at what could be possible in capturing, is it around energy levels, activity levels. And you'll see that oftentimes in play with the gene therapy, for example, when it's administered, you may have up to 15 years of follow up that you're capturing specific data points. But even in advance of a drug approval, and an area I am also equally passionate about, is access to unlicensed medicines for individuals that can't travel to a clinical trial site and could benefit from an investigational therapy, how do we do that with the right balance in place? And part of that is data and having the willingness of a participant or family member to be so consented in and participating in the study for their child to share that data and share that real world data or real world evidence so that you can measure back and show what impact that drug or treatment or intervention has been having on the individual. So I think it's around that and figuring out how we can overcome some of the complexities and challenges that are real. Not everyone has electronic health records. There's still lots of paper-based offices out there. But in the meantime, there's a lot of advancements in technology. So how do you appropriately use that, that it's also not overburdensome for the individual, for the family as well, that you're doing what really matters and measuring back and having the right conversations with the individuals affected, the investigators, the clinicians, but then the regulators, and going back and sharing why this can be something to help substantiate. It's not your standard phase 1, 2, 3 clinical trial design. That's, yes, there's rigor, but it's a different way of looking at using data to help us advance our understanding of a disease and what's needed by the individual affected. [00:14:53] Lindsey Dinneen: Yeah. So, so when you're speaking with these families and or-- well, first of all, let me actually back up. Do you have direct communication with some of these families and patients that you're working with? [00:15:04] Sara Aswegan: Yes. [00:15:05] Lindsey Dinneen: Yeah. And so when that happens, how. How is it for you? I mean, this is such a challenging area that you have devoted your life to and to, and I'm so impressed with that. And, you're doing the work that's helping save lives and make a difference. But that must be really challenging from a personal level to have these difficult conversations. So how do you balance that as a practitioner and somebody who's desiring to help, but you also have this real life compassion and human being that you're trying to help? [00:15:38] Sara Aswegan: It's tough and it's tremendously rewarding. At the same time, I have so many patient stories I can share with you of meeting them and meeting 'em where they are. I made a trip to Sao Paulo, Brazil once, Lindsey, and met a family that were living in the favelas there, and their aim was to help raise awareness for Hunter's Syndrome because their son had been undiagnosed. They knew something was wrong. He was nonverbal. He had some physical presentation that you could understand. There was something going on, but the technology wasn't there for them. The access to the care center wasn't there for them to get a diagnosis. They were taking buses for hours to different clinics to figure out what's wrong with our son. And he finally received a diagnosis of Hunter Syndrome and they wanted to share the photos because kids with Hunter Syndrome do have some different dysmorphism. So there's something that's strange. They have a bossy forehead, or their bridge of their nose is a little different. Their bellies might be a little bit bigger. So if you start looking at all of these different clues and putting it together, you might suspect and go-- there's other things going on, for sure. So I'm oversimplifying this. However, getting a diagnosis for him by just raising awareness to other families of the physical presentation and what their experience was extremely meaningful for them. And on balance, a family in Florida that I met and their son was diagnosed at age 18 months because their grandmother had seen a program on Mystery Diagnosis and said, "That sounds like my grandson." And so creating the conversation and meeting people where they are is really important because you may have some individuals that are very aware of how drugs are developed and all of the rigor that goes through that to then others that just they don't understand that some drugs are intended for a specific indication, specific population, and helping explain why their child may not be eligible for a particular study. It's tough, and that's not my responsibility, but the clinical teams and the clinicians that are having those conversations. So it's listening and really coming with a open heart and mind and having empathy to help figure out how can you educate. It's even moving into gene therapy. What does gene therapy actually mean? What are the risks? I'm afraid this sounds like it's something so futuristic. What will this mean for my son or daughter in 10 years from now? And, we may not have all of the answers, but you know, science has advanced and it's that risk benefit that you have to exercise. But really it's that coming with compassion and a listening ear and understanding and being honest. And if I can't help, maybe there's someone else that can help or there's a, did you know, there's a clinic here or a center there and helping that network stay connected and thrive is really important. And also being their voice, Lindsey, I mean, we can, we have an opportunity on our pharma, biomedtech side of the world that we can share what we've observed and try to apply that as we come to work every day and think about that family we met in Brazil or in Boston or in Florida or in, you know, Frankfurt, and whatever they may be experiencing. So it's being their advocate in other areas as well. [00:18:34] Lindsey Dinneen: Yeah, exactly. So with what you deal with, I am wondering what kinds of misconceptions or myths do you often encounter that are interesting and yet you would prefer to correct so that those of us in the general population are more informed? [00:18:52] Sara Aswegan: That's a good one. So I think having worked in the rare disease space, one of the biggest scrutinies there, there's on two sides of the coin. One is around diagnosis and why we can't do more around diagnosis. And sometimes the science is just not there yet. So again, to some of these experiences, like the story of the family in Brazil, it may not be about a blood test. It may be about a physical appearance and helping people piece things together. I think on the other end is at the point of delivery of the diagnosis and then if there is a treatment or intervention that can be taken, and not everyone has the same principle in their heart. There are companies that are motivated for different reasons, but certainly the big topic is are around drug prices, whether it's a gene therapy or a chronic lifetime medication, of how do we navigate that and how do we navigate that in a better way? And I think we have to start looking as an industry, as a community of people, of how do we address that? The cost of doing a clinical trial is tremendous. It's hugely expensive. Does it warrant though huge price tags on drugs forever in perpetuity? What's that right balance? And I think having a level of social responsibility and looking at alternatives. And so imagine if we could reduce the time for clinical studies for requirements because we're able to look at other data. Things like the biomarker approach and the follow on real world data that could be captured, could that help us in the total overall offering and the cost to the overall health system? Maybe. I think that as an industry, every company operates with different principles and wanting to do best for the patient community. Some are more profit driven than others, and so that's a reality, and it's one that I get so often at dinners with friends or in personal conversations, professional conversations, and it's a tough one. At the same time, a study of 60 individuals could be double digit millions of dollars. Just the cost of facilitating the study, the production costs of some of these highly technical compounds of different therapies also becomes a factor. So you have to put all these pieces together and really explore what's driving that. [00:20:57] Lindsey Dinneen: Yeah, of course. And yes, I'm sure that's a really difficult conversation to have too, when you're especially working directly with patients and trying to explain all of that and that's a lot. That's a challenge. [00:21:10] Sara Aswegan: Yeah. Yeah. [00:21:11] Lindsey Dinneen: But on the flip side, you know, of course the work that you do makes a huge impact, and I'm wondering if there are any stories that come to mind that just really reinforced to you, "You know what? I am in the right place at the right time, in the right industry." [00:21:25] Sara Aswegan: Absolutely. And I think it goes to, I touched on it very briefly, and there are people that aren't living in near major cities, near major medical centers, and that should not make them obsolete from receiving the best care. And there are two things that have happened and partly because of the pandemic, but also partly because of the willingness to educate and have that connected community amongst clinicians, is around that access to unlicensed medicine and finding pathways that it's not just because a doctor says your son or daughter needs this medication. I'm going to reach out to the manufacturer to see if I can get access because they're not near a clinical trial site or they don't wanna participate, or they're unable to participate in a study. But finding means to do that. And there have been some really creative ways that clinicians have been able to do that, of setting up qualified treatment centers where the individual can go to receive the treatment and then that continuity of care is provided then over the life of their disease. It's something that's become real and meaningful, and you would be shocked at the number of individuals around the world that are receiving access to medicines that normally might have only 10 years ago been available if you were living in the Western Europe or the United States because studies weren't conducted in their country and so there's no pathway for access that is all changing. Those dynamics are changing. It takes a team of people, though. It takes regulators, it takes lawmakers, it takes industry. It takes our logistics teams to be sure if something's stored at cold chain, that that product is delivered in the right context at the right time, just in time for that patient to receive it. So it's a complex challenge, but it's one that we've seen serve individuals in a really meaningful way. And without that, they wouldn't have, they wouldn't have another option. [00:23:11] Lindsey Dinneen: Yeah. So having that impact and just being able to reinforce in those moments of maybe when it's especially difficult or you're especially frustrated like, "Oh my gosh, I wish I could help X, Y, and Z," at least you can look back and go, "Yes, but look at all this that we are doing." [00:23:26] Sara Aswegan: You know, Lindsey, also it's that education piece and being curious and asking questions. The scientific community and one of the lead leaders in the NPS community is in North Carolina, Joe Munzer. Dr. Joe Munzer, he's brilliant. And one of the initiatives that we started was something called a masterclass. And so with Dr. Munzer and seven or eight other clinicians from around the world, we literally went on an educational program around the world. And some of the individuals that had just come out of their postgraduate work, pediatric geneticists or neurologists meeting the number one or two people that know this space so well, being mentored by them. And now those individuals are facilitating their class, the same type of class in their local language to their local communities and creating that level of education and awareness. I mean, it's just to see that real impact over time. I actually get goosebumps just thinking back on the impact that has had. And you've got a community of clinicians that they're, I mean, there's a lot of needs still to study medical genetics. And so hopefully we have individuals that are scientifically interested and will continue that that journey so that they can be the next teachers across borders. That makes the difference. [00:24:37] Lindsey Dinneen: Yeah. Absolutely. Wow. Yeah. Thank you for sharing that. I was also getting goosebumps just listening to it because that's incredible ripple effect that you had and continue to have. That's amazing. [00:24:47] Sara Aswegan: Yeah. Yeah. [00:24:47] Lindsey Dinneen: Yeah. Oh man. Okay. Well, I could talk about this for a long time, but pivoting the conversation a little bit, just for fun. Imagine that you were to be offered a million dollars to teach masterclass on anything you want. It can be within your industry, but doesn't have to be. What would you choose to teach? [00:25:05] Sara Aswegan: Wow. That is a great question, Lindsey. A masterclass-- a million dollars-- a masterclass on anything I would want. I would be drawn to some of the advancements we're seeing in gene therapies, but I think that would be, I wanna try to serve a broader population. Do you know? I think it's, I think if I could look, I would do something around looking back on some of these, if you will use cases and best practices, to share those learnings, just because we know the impact that it will have and has had and continues to have. And not just on the scientific community, but it ripples down into the patient communities of asking that question of "what can be possible, how can we together." Instead of " no," it's actually, "yes and" or "no and" we hear something else, another construct. And really breaking it down to really enforce what I've talked about on several moments during our conversation today is it can't just be the manufacturer, the, or the developer. It can't just be academia. It can't just be health authorities or regulators. It's a collective community and it has to include that patient within that conversation to help for that learning and advancement and understanding. And so I think it's something around that, the best practices, use cases, and really things that made a difference. Meeting people where they are of a good understanding of the science, not good understanding of the science, that crosses all levels. Drug development overall. The total continuity of care for my individual affected. It's not just about a drug, but it's about assistive devices or other tools that they can have a better life. And so being really thoughtful about that I think would be something that would be really amazing. That it's actually captured and taught back. [00:26:47] Lindsey Dinneen: Yeah, absolutely. That would be a fantastic masterclass. All right, and then how do you wish to be remembered after you leave this world? [00:26:56] Sara Aswegan: Well, at some point I know my husband will admit I have the best sense of humor. [00:27:01] Lindsey Dinneen: Yes. [00:27:02] Sara Aswegan: I think for me, Lindsey, I really would hope that people would say an open heart, a generous heart, and just a connector of people, personally, professionally. It takes two seconds to be kind and open and nobody has all the answers. So help people connect with others and be willing to say, "How can I help?" [00:27:20] Lindsey Dinneen: Yeah, absolutely. Yeah. And then final question, is one thing that makes you smile every time you see or think about it? [00:27:31] Sara Aswegan: I just came in from my garden and I have to say, seeing my advancement of fostering my garden and I've got things blooming now. There is hope. [00:27:40] Lindsey Dinneen: I love that. I feel that way every time I somehow succeed in keeping a plant alive. [00:27:45] Sara Aswegan: There is hope. It's really around the simple things, right? That's it. [00:27:49] Lindsey Dinneen: Yeah, absolutely. Now, for any of our listeners who are excited to get to know about you and your work a little bit more, can you just share briefly what is it that you do right now to help companies succeed and how can people get in touch with you? [00:28:02] Sara Aswegan: Thanks, Lindsey. So I am currently doing some advisory board work for a couple of consultancies as well as helping some small and mid-sized biotechs figure out their pathway and how they go to market. How do they facilitate access to unlicensed medicines? I'm passionate about the rare space, so I'm serving also on a couple of special projects on getting drugs and diagnostics into low middle income countries. And it's something I'm very passionate about and I've got a great network of people. So if I can't help, I'm always happy to say, "Not me, however, I know someone you should talk to." And to get in touch, it's not easy to spell, but it's www.saraaswegan.com. And again, if I can't help, I might know someone who can. And I think it's just, it's really good to share our knowledge and experience and really make a difference however we can. [00:28:47] Lindsey Dinneen: Yeah. Absolutely. Well, thank you, Sara. This has been absolutely incredible to learn from you, to hear about your story. So thank you for sharing and being open. I really appreciate that. And my goodness, I just wish you the most continued success as you work change lives for a better world. [00:29:03] Sara Aswegan: Thanks Lindsey, and thanks for everything you're doing. Really, hats off. Thanks a million. [00:29:07] Lindsey Dinneen: Of course, and have the best rest of your day. And thanks also to our listeners for tuning in. If you're feeling as inspired as I am right now, I'd love it if you shared this episode with a colleague or two and we'll catch you next time. [00:29:22] Ben Trombold: The Leading Difference is brought to you by Velentium. Velentium is a full-service CDMO with 100% in-house capability to design, develop, and manufacture medical devices from class two wearables to class three active implantable medical devices. Velentium specializes in active implantables, leads, programmers, and accessories across a wide range of indications, such as neuromodulation, deep brain stimulation, cardiac management, and diabetes management. Velentium's core competencies include electrical, firmware, and mechanical design, mobile apps, embedded cybersecurity, human factors and usability, automated test systems, systems engineering, and contract manufacturing. Velentium works with clients worldwide, from startups seeking funding to established Fortune 100 companies. Visit velentium.com to explore your next step in medical device development.

The Irish Cancer Society has launched new figures that highlight only 3 of 28 defined targets have been met in the National Cancer Strategy. With Ireland's cancer mortality rate the third highest in Western Europe, the Society has warned that things will get worse unless increased investment is provided in budget 2026. John Wall who is living with Prostate Cancer spoke with Alan Morrissey on Friday's Morning Focus.

In this episode of the Look Forward Podcast, host Andy Critchlow welcomes Charles Chang, the Greater China Country lead at S&P Global Ratings, to discuss the transformative trends in China's global trade and investment strategy. As Chinese firms increasingly pivot towards the Global South, with exports to these emerging markets surpassing those to the US and Western Europe, we explore the implications of this shift. Drawing insights from the recent report "China Inc. Heads to the Global South in the age of tariffs" the conversation delves into the factors driving this change, the competitive landscape of Chinese multinationals, and the evolving nature of trade relationships amid rising tariffs and geopolitical tensions. 

Why did Crusaders travel from Western Europe to Gaza and The Levant in the 11th century? Who was Saladin and how did he conquer the Franks? How did the Mamluks defeat the Mongols in the 1200s and usher in an era of prosperity for Gaza? Anita and William are joined by Jonathan Phillips, Professor of Crusading History at Royal Holloway, to discuss the epic era of the Crusades in Gaza, and the lesser-known but incredibly impactful Mamluk dynasty that followed. Join the Empire Club: Unlock the full Empire experience – with bonus episodes, ad-free listening, early access to miniseries and live show tickets, exclusive book discounts, a members-only newsletter, and access to our private Discord chatroom. Sign up directly at empirepoduk.com  For more Goalhanger Podcasts, head to www.goalhanger.com. Email: empire@goalhanger.com Instagram: @empirepoduk Blue Sky: @empirepoduk X: @empirepoduk Assistant Producer: Becki Hills Producer: Anouska Lewis Executive Producer: Neil Fearn Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Edition No250 | 01-10-2025 - There has been a dramatic maritime showdown involving a grey fleet oil tanker, with shocking implications for Russia's hybrid warfare in Western Europe's backyard. French forces have just boarded a tanker tied to Russia's “shadow fleet,” suspected of launching drones over Denmark. Moscow fired back, calling the move “provocative.” We'll trace how these fits into a larger pattern: drone incursions, hybrid escalation, and Russia's threats towards Europe.Let's start with the facts as they're known. In late September 2025, multiple drone incursions over Danish airspace triggered disruptions at airports in Copenhagen and Aalborg. The flights were mysterious, unauthorized, and widely suspected to be part of a hybrid operation by Russia, though Moscow denied direct involvement. (Le Monde.fr)Around October 1, French authorities moved in. The oil tanker known as Boracay (formerly Pushpa among other aliases) — flagged under Benin but with opaque ownership ties — was boarded by French military personnel off the coast near Saint-Nazaire. (The Guardian)Two senior crew members — the captain and first mate — were arrested. The Brest prosecutor's office confirmed the investigation is ongoing, citing “very serious wrongdoings,” including refusal to cooperate and failure to justify the ship's nationality. (Le Monde.fr)----------This is super important. There are so many Battalions in Ukraine, fighting to defend our freedoms, but lack basics such as vehicles. These are destroyed on a regular basis, and lack of transport is costs lives, and Ukrainian territory. Once again Silicon Curtain has teamed up with Car4Ukraine and a group of wonderful creators to provide much-needed assistance: https://car4ukraine.com/campaigns/autumn-harvest-silicon-curtainAutumn Harvest: Silicon Curtain (Goal€22,000)We'll be supporting troops in Pokrovsk, Kharkiv, and other regions where the trucks are needed the most. 93rd Brigade "Kholodnyi Yar", Black Raven Unmanned Systems Battalionhttps://car4ukraine.com/campaigns/autumn-harvest-silicon-curtain----------SOURCES: “French troops board Russia-linked oil tanker suspected of being involved in drone flights,” The Guardian, Oct 1, 2025“Macron says a tanker off France is linked to Russia's shadow oil fleet,” AP News, Oct 1, 2025 “Kremlin, asked about French investigation into oil tanker, talks of ‘provocative actions' by some states,” Reuters, Oct 1, 2025 “France detains two crew members of Russia-linked tanker …,” *France24*, Oct 1, 2025 “EU leaders discuss ‘drone wall' … after airspace violations,” Reuters “Escalation in Europe: How the Kremlin is testing NATO's limits,” Nest Centre (analysis)Wikipedia, “Russian shadow fleet” Wikipedia, “2025 Russian drone incursion into Poland” Additional reporting from The Washington Post, Le Monde, and others.----------SILICON CURTAIN LIVE EVENTS - FUNDRAISER CAMPAIGN Events in 2025 - Advocacy for a Ukrainian victory with Silicon Curtainhttps://buymeacoffee.com/siliconcurtain/extrasOur events of the first half of the year in Lviv, Kyiv and Odesa were a huge success. Now we need to maintain this momentum, and change the tide towards a Ukrainian victory. The Silicon Curtain Roadshow is an ambitious campaign to run a minimum of 12 events in 2025, and potentially many more. Any support you can provide for the fundraising campaign would be gratefully appreciated. https://buymeacoffee.com/siliconcurtain/extras----------SUPPORT THE CHANNEL:https://www.buymeacoffee.com/siliconcurtainhttps://www.patreon.com/siliconcurtain----------

Send us a textJoin Professor Jeffrey Sachs and Yakov M. Rabkin, historian and Professor Emeritus at the University of Montreal, for a wide-ranging and fascinating discussion on the history of Zionism, Jewish thought, and the modern state of Israel. Delving into Rabkin's path-breaking work, including his newest book, Israel in Palestine: Jewish Rejection of Zionism, Rabkin and Sachs discuss the early opposition to modern Zionism from many parts of the world Jewry, and the deep theological, political, and cultural divides that Zionism has created in Jewish communities around the world.  Together, Rabkin and Sachs trace the surprising origins of Zionism in 17th century British Protestantism, and its transformation into a modern political movement in 19th century Europe, led by both British evangelical Protestants and Central and Eastern European secular Jews. They delve into Herzl's Zionist movement, which faced many Jewish opponents, including rabbinical authorities, assimilated Jews in Western Europe, and socialists who viewed it as a distraction from class struggle. Rabkin and Sachs discuss the pivotal role of Britain's Balfour Declaration, the Russian revolutionary roots of Israel's political culture, and the enduring legacies of figures such as Theodor Herzl and Ze'ev Jabotinsky.The conversation then turns to the present crisis in Israel and Palestine. They discuss the ideologies of Israel's ruling parties, the rise of Israel's religious-nationalist movements since 1967, and the role of these ideologies and movements in the ongoing conflict. Rabkin's scholarship offers listeners a deeply informed narrative of history, religion, and power - shedding a powerful light on the disastrous, ongoing Israel - Palestine conflict.  The Book Club with Jeffrey Sachs is brought to you by the SDG Academy, the flagship education initiative of the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network. Learn more and get involved at bookclubwithjeffreysachs.org.Footnotes:Yakov Rabkin Books ZionismSatmar HasidimChristian ZionismIsaac Newton's religious viewsJoseph PriestleyFirst Jewish–Roman War (66–73 CE)Bar Kokhba Revolt (132–135 CE)Theodor HerzlWilliam HechlerTalmudThree Oaths (Judaism)Pale of SettlementGeneral Jewish Labour Bund⭐️ Thank you for listening!➡️ Sign up for the newsletter: https://bit.ly/subscribeBCJS➡️ Website: bookclubwithjeffreysachs.org

| S03 | E05 | Across North America and Western Europe, Catholic conversions are on the rise. In this episode of the Thinking Faith Catholic Podcast, Deacon Eric Gurash and Dr. Brett Salkeld explore what's driving this trend — from the global pandemic and declining trust in institutions to the influence of online voices and the Church's unique appeal to young men. Discover the factors behind this growing movement and what it means for the future of the Catholic Church.

In this episode of The Cybersecurity Defenders Podcast, we discuss some intel being shared in the LimaCharlie community.A recent investigation by the U.S. Secret Service claims to have uncovered a massive swatting infrastructure centered around New York City.Check Point researchers are tracking an Iran-linked cyber-espionage group known as Nimbus Manticore, which appears to be expanding its operations into Western Europe.A new wave of malicious advertising is targeting macOS users by impersonating widely used software and services through search engine ads.A new tool called SpamGPT is drawing attention in the cybersecurity community for effectively lowering the barrier to entry for large-scale spam and phishing campaigns.In light of increasing attacks on open source ecosystems, GitHub has disclosed recent security incidents affecting the npm registry, including the Shai-Hulud worm.Support our show by sharing your favorite episodes with a friend, subscribe, give us a rating or leave a comment on your podcast platform.This podcast is brought to you by LimaCharlie, maker of the SecOps Cloud Platform, infrastructure for SecOps where everything is built API first. Scale with confidence as your business grows. Start today for free at limacharlie.io.

Jim Talent joins the Marc Cox Morning Show to evaluate the UN's effectiveness in addressing Gaza and international aid. He analyzes Donald Trump's approach to foreign policy, including his direct messaging to world leaders, and how Trump is perceived in Western Europe and Asia. The conversation explores the global impact of Trump's rhetoric and policies, the rise of European political movements that align with his positions, and a discussion of Trump's boldness alongside his centrist objectives in U.S. policy.

Elevators in the U.S. and Canada cost 3–5 times as much as elevators in other high-income countries. Stephen Smith explains why and how our well-intentioned elevator standards make cities less safe and accessible. This is part two of our series on misaligned incentives in housing policy.Show notes:Smith, S. (2024). Elevators. Center for Building in North America.Part 1 of the Incentives Series, Single-Stair Buildings and Eco-Districts with Michael Eliason.Abstract:Americans make over 20 billion trips per year by elevator – twice the number of trips made by what people think of as mass transit. Despite the association between elevators and high-rises, the average elevator in the United States only has four landings, with elevators being as much a tool for convenience and accessibility as for able-bodied necessity.But despite being the birthplace of the modern passenger elevator, the United States has fallen far behind its peers. Elevators in the United States have remained a fairly niche item in residential settings – expected in a high-rise or a big new mid-rise apartment building, but otherwise largely absent from the middle-class home. In absolute terms, the United States has fewer elevators than Spain – a country with one-seventh the population, and fewer than half the number of apartments. And behind its lack of elevators, North America faces a crippling cost problem. The price to install an elevator in a new mid-rise building in the United States or Canada is now at least three times the cost in Western Europe or East Asia. Ongoing expenses like service contracts, periodic inspections, repairs, and modernizations are just as overpriced. High-income countries with strong labor movements and high safety standards from South Korea to Switzerland have found ways to install wheelchair-accessible elevators in mid-rise apartment buildings for around $50,000 each, even after adjusting for America's typically higher general price levels. In the United States and Canada, on the other hand, these installations start at around $150,000 in even low-cost areas.

Extreme temperatures caused by global warming may have caused 16,500 deaths across Europe this summer.New research from the Grantham Institute in the UK has estimated that climate change is likely to be responsible for 68% of additional heat-related deaths.This summer was one of the hottest on record, with temperatures soaring well past 45 degrees celsius in Western Europe, including Spain and Italy.So, how are soaring temperatures affecting mortality rates, and how can we prevent it from increasing in the coming years?Joining Seán to discuss is Peter Thorne, Professor of Physical Geography and Climate Change at Maynooth University…

Surgical Safety Technologies is pioneering the transformation of operating rooms from secretive environments into data-driven spaces that optimize patient outcomes. With their "Operating Black Box" platform now deployed in over 50 hospitals across the US, Canada, and Western Europe, the company has generated over 100 peer-reviewed publications demonstrating the ability to reduce patient morbidity and mortality by more than 30% while increasing hospital efficiency by $20 million annually for a typical 40-50 OR facility. In this episode, we sat down with Teodor Grantcharov, founder of Surgical Safety Technologies, to explore his 20-year journey from academic researcher to category-creating entrepreneur in the challenging world of healthcare innovation. Topics Discussed: The evolution from virtual reality surgical simulators in the late 1990s to comprehensive OR analytics platforms Breaking through the cultural resistance to measurement and transparency in surgical environments The strategic decision to target top-tier academic medical centers as early adopters Building a platform with four distinct modules: efficiency, compliance, quality/safety, and education The 10-year journey from research hypothesis to proven commercial success with measurable patient outcomes Creating the category of "data-driven healthcare" in traditionally dogma-driven medical environments GTM Lessons For B2B Founders: Use demanding customers as product validation engines: Teodor's team deliberately targeted top-tier academic medical centers as their initial customer base with a specific thesis: "If we can make the best in the world even better, then we can make anyone better." This wasn't just about prestige - these customers had "internal, very sophisticated systems" and "very knowledgeable professionals and leaders" who would stress-test the platform in ways that revealed product gaps early. The approach creates a competitive moat: once you can satisfy the most demanding buyers in your category, you possess capabilities that competitors serving easier customers lack. Build category credibility through academic validation at scale: Surgical Safety Technologies generated over 100 peer-reviewed publications before their sales process accelerated, creating what Teodor calls "irrefutable" evidence. This wasn't just marketing - the publications came from top hospitals proving 30% mortality reduction and $20 million annual efficiency gains per 40-50 OR facility. The strategy transforms sales conversations: instead of pitching features, they present peer-reviewed outcomes data that procurement committees and clinical leaders cannot dismiss. Category creators in regulated industries should consider academic validation as sales ammunition, not just credibility building. Structure modular platforms for multi-stakeholder enterprise sales: Rather than forcing binary adoption decisions, Surgical Safety Technologies created four distinct platform modules (efficiency, compliance, quality/safety, education) that can be sold individually or as a complete suite. This addresses the reality that "each of those have different stakeholders" within hospital systems. The modular approach enables two distinct sales motions: land-and-expand with single-module entry points for budget-constrained buyers, or comprehensive platform sales when "we usually upsell additional modules to the subscription." This architecture is particularly valuable in complex enterprise environments where different departments control separate budget lines. Leverage mission-driven culture as a competitive advantage: Teodor emphasizes that every hire must understand "what we do, why we do it" and that the company constantly reminds itself "this is not just a gadget or an application. We have a responsibility for improving performance and ultimately improving quality of care for patients." In industries where trust and outcomes matter more than features, a genuine mission-driven approach becomes a critical differentiator that influences everything from branding to employee retention. Time market entry with regulatory and cultural shifts: The company's success accelerated as healthcare systems became more willing to measure performance and embrace transparency. Teodor observes: "Now we see hospitals recognize that you can't improve what you can't measure." B2B founders should identify when broader industry trends create openings for previously resistant categories, and position themselves to capitalize on these inflection points.   //   Sponsors: Front Lines — We help B2B tech companies launch, manage, and grow podcasts that drive demand, awareness, and thought leadership. www.FrontLines.io The Global Talent Co. — We help tech startups find, vet, hire, pay, and retain amazing marketing talent that costs 50-70% less than the US & Europe.  www.GlobalTalent.co   //   Don't Miss: New Podcast Series — How I Hire Senior GTM leaders share the tactical hiring frameworks they use to build winning revenue teams. Hosted by Andy Mowat, who scaled 4 unicorns from $10M to $100M+ ARR and launched Whispered to help executives find their next role. Subscribe here: https://open.spotify.com/show/53yCHlPfLSMFimtv0riPyM 

Nathan Pinkoski, fellow at the Center for Renewing America, talks to Timon about postliberalism, the radical shifts of the 1990s, and right wing literature.    Notes: Actually Existing Postliberalism - First Things The Camp of the Saints - Paperback – Itasca Books Spiritual Death of the West - First Things   Nathan Pinkoski earned his BA (Hon) from the University of Alberta and his MPhil and DPhil in Politics from the University of Oxford. He's taught at Princeton University, the University of Toronto, and the University of Florida. Pinkoski's research and writings cover the decline of republican government and the rise of postconstitutionalism in the United States and Western Europe. He has published in a variety of academic and popular journals, including Compact, First Things, Perspectives on Political Science, and The Claremont Review of Books. His book project, Actually Existing Postliberalism, examines the transformation of the West since 1989. It is under contract with Basic Books. He is also translating Éric Zemmour's bestseller The Suicide of the French (Le Suicide français) into English for Encounter Books.   Learn more about Nathan Pinkowski: https://americarenewing.com/team/nathan-pinkoski/   ––––––   Follow American Reformer across Social Media: X / Twitter – https://www.twitter.com/amreformer Facebook – https://www.facebook.com/AmericanReformer/ YouTube – https://www.youtube.com/@AmericanReformer Rumble – https://rumble.com/user/AmReformer Website – https://americanreformer.org/   Promote a vigorous Christian approach to the cultural challenges of our day, by donating to The American Reformer: https://americanreformer.org/donate/   Follow Us on Twitter: Josh Abbotoy – https://twitter.com/Byzness Timon Cline – https://twitter.com/tlloydcline   The American Reformer Podcast is  hosted by Josh Abbotoy and Timon Cline, recorded remotely in the United States, and edited by Jared Cummings.   Subscribe to our Podcast, "The American Reformer" Get our RSS Feed – https://americanreformerpodcast.podbean.com/ Apple Podcasts – https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-american-reformer-podcast/id1677193347 Spotify – https://open.spotify.com/show/1V2dH5vhfogPIv0X8ux9Gm?si=a19db9dc271c4ce5

Dave Rubin of “The Rubin Report” discusses his experiences and observations in Hungary, highlighting it as a stronghold against what he perceives as the decline of Western Europe; why Hungary should be praised for its cultural preservation and national pride; how it is fighting to maintain its sovereignty and cultural identity amidst pressures from the European Union; how CPAC emphasized the country's alignment with specific American goals of border control and national identity; the media's inaccurate portrayal of Hungary; and much more.

- AI Data Center vs. Humans War Introduction (0:11) - Trump Administration and AI Data Center Analysis (1:50) - Trump's Actions and Potential Arrests (7:00) - Election Integrity and Midterm Concerns (8:15) - Special Report: AI Data Centers vs. Humans (11:18) - Impact of AI Data Centers on Communities (17:51) - Depopulation Agenda and Bio Weapons (50:09) - Government and Corporate Complicity (50:37) - Environmental Impact and Herbicide Spraying (54:53) - Conclusion and Call to Action (1:00:27) - Russia-Ukraine Conflict and Western Europe's Decline (1:09:12) - Germany's Economic and Political Decline (1:31:06) - Russia's Military and Technological Advancements (1:34:24) - The U.S. and Russia's Geopolitical Shift (1:36:37) - The Impact of U.S. and Russian Negotiations (1:41:03) - The Role of the British Empire in Global Conflict (1:45:14) - The Terrain Theory and Natural Healing (2:11:43) - The Flaws in PCR Testing and Food Safety (2:29:26) - The Role of Parasites in Health and Disease (2:38:32) - The Decline of Western Medicine and the Rise of Natural Healing (2:49:35) - Flu Diagnosis and PCR Testing (2:50:43) - Impact of Flu Shots and Nocebo Effect (2:52:59) - Government Fraud and Emergency Declarations (2:55:44) - Causes of Disease and Natural Healing (3:00:48) - Nocebo Effect and Government Manipulation (3:04:18) - Personal Experiences and Placebo Effect (3:09:34) - Critical Thinking and Decentralized Living (3:14:58) - Government Taxation and Privacy (3:37:03) - Enoch AI and Health Ranger Products (3:42:43) For more updates, visit: http://www.brighteon.com/channel/hrreport NaturalNews videos would not be possible without you, as always we remain passionately dedicated to our mission of educating people all over the world on the subject of natural healing remedies and personal liberty (food freedom, medical freedom, the freedom of speech, etc.). Together, we're helping create a better world, with more honest food labeling, reduced chemical contamination, the avoidance of toxic heavy metals and vastly increased scientific transparency. ▶️ Every dollar you spend at the Health Ranger Store goes toward helping us achieve important science and content goals for humanity: https://www.healthrangerstore.com/ ▶️ Sign Up For Our Newsletter: https://www.naturalnews.com/Readerregistration.html ▶️ Brighteon: https://www.brighteon.com/channels/hrreport ▶️ Join Our Social Network: https://brighteon.social/@HealthRanger ▶️ Check In Stock Products at: https://PrepWithMike.com

- Trump-Putin Meeting: Historical Context and Initial Analysis (0:10) - Theatrical Element and Trump's Search for an Exit (2:58) - Historical Context and Western Media's Anti-Russia Stance (5:00) - Theatrical Overlay and Trump's Peace Efforts (5:19) - Russia's Diplomatic Efforts and Western Europe's Failures (16:15) - Economic and Political Implications for Western Europe (19:48) - Russia's Emergence as a World Superpower (25:59) - Trump's Role in the Shift of Global Power (31:39) - The Future of Western Europe and the British Empire (36:52) - Final Thoughts and Call to Action (56:27) For more updates, visit: http://www.brighteon.com/channel/hrreport NaturalNews videos would not be possible without you, as always we remain passionately dedicated to our mission of educating people all over the world on the subject of natural healing remedies and personal liberty (food freedom, medical freedom, the freedom of speech, etc.). Together, we're helping create a better world, with more honest food labeling, reduced chemical contamination, the avoidance of toxic heavy metals and vastly increased scientific transparency. ▶️ Every dollar you spend at the Health Ranger Store goes toward helping us achieve important science and content goals for humanity: https://www.healthrangerstore.com/ ▶️ Sign Up For Our Newsletter: https://www.naturalnews.com/Readerregistration.html ▶️ Brighteon: https://www.brighteon.com/channels/hrreport ▶️ Join Our Social Network: https://brighteon.social/@HealthRanger ▶️ Check In Stock Products at: https://PrepWithMike.com