Podcasts about agglutination

In this episode, we review the high-yield topic of⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Agglutination⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠from the Immunology section. Follow ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Medbullets⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ on social media: Facebook: www.facebook.com/medbullets Instagram: www.instagram.com/medbulletsofficial Twitter: www.twitter.com/medbullets --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/medbulletsstep1/message

In this episode of the Fertility Confidence Podcast we are talking sperm agglutination - what the heck is that and why does it matter? A semen analysis can tell us a lot of things, and sometimes a deeper look is necessary to get to the root cause. In this episode we're going to chat about what agglutination is, why it may be elevated on your semen analysis and why that matters for both your partner and you!   The doors for Fertility Confidence Bootcamp are OPEN! We are hanging out for 5 days together talking cycle tracking, egg quality, hormones, inflammation and mindset. All the goods you need to start building your fertility care plan. We go live on February 12th - come join us at https://ttc.kelseyduncan.com/bootcamp/?intg=ep104 

Array Cast - August 19, 2022 Show NotesMany thanks to Marshall Lochbaum, Rodrigo Girão Serrão, Bob Therriault, Conor Hoekstra, Adám Brudzewsky and Romilly Cocking for gathering these links:[01] 00:00:03 BYTE magazine https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byte_(magazine)[02] 00:01:02 Org Mode https://orgmode.org/[03] 00:02:58 Toronto Meet-up https://www.meetup.com/en-AU/programming-languages-toronto-meetup/events/287695788/ New York Meet-up https://www.meetup.com/programming-languages-toronto-meetup/events/287729348/[04] 00:04:19 Morten Kromberg episode https://www.arraycast.com/episodes/episode21-morten-kromberg[05] 00:05:01 Romilly's video 'An Excellent Return' https://dyalog.tv/Dyalog08/?v=thr-7QfQWJw[06] 00:06:12 Ferranti Pegasus computer https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferranti_Pegasus[07] 00:09:09 System 360 in APL http://keiapl.org/archive/APL360_UsersMan_Aug1968.pdf[08] 00:16:50 Mind Map https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mind_map[09] 00:17:00 Dyalog https://www.dyalog.com/[10] 00:18:20 Digitalk https://winworldpc.com/product/digital-smalltalk/5x[11] 00:18:30 Smalltalk https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smalltalk[12] 00:21:17 Raspberry Pi https://www.raspberrypi.org/[13] 00:22:10 Robotics on Dyalog website https://www.dyalog.com/blog/2014/08/dancing-with-the-bots/[14] 00:22:45 Neural Network https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_network David Marr https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Marr_(neuroscientist)[15] 00:23:21 Jetson Nano https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/autonomous-machines/embedded-systems/jetson-nano/[16] 00:23:38 Spiking neural networks https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiking_neural_network[17] 00:24:02 JAX https://jax.readthedocs.io/en/latest/notebooks/quickstart.html[18] 00:27:00 Numpy https://numpy.org/[19] 00:28:21 Nested arrays https://aplwiki.com/wiki/Nested_array[20] 00:29:07 flip Numpy https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.flip.html flipud https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.flipud.html#numpy.flipud[21] 00:31:07 Pegasus Autocode http://blog.rareschool.com/2014/09/pegasus-autocode-revisited.html[22] 00:32:05 Atlas computer 1966 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas_(computer)[23] 00:34:30 Raspberry Pi pico https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-pico/[24] 00:36:33 Booker and Morris https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/364520.364521[25] 00:38:12 Romilly's Blog Markdown http://blog.rareschool.com/2022/05/apl-and-python-go-head-to-head.html[26] 00:41:30 Languages that are built from concatenation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agglutination[27] 00:44:30 Alan Kay https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Kay[28] 00:47:12 Clojure https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Kay Forth https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forth_(programming_language) Haskell https://www.haskell.org/[29] 00:50:00 Cosy http://www.cosy.com/language/[30] 00:51:38 Py'n'APL https://dyalog.tv/Dyalog21/?v=gOUFXBUMv_A[31] 01:00:12 Logic Analyzer https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic_analyzer[32] 01:02:15 Back propagation in neural networks https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backpropagation[33] 01:07:38 Stefan Kruger 'Learn APL' https://xpqz.github.io/learnapl/intro.html[34] 01:08:10 Rodrigo Girão Serrão videos https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCd_24S_cYacw6zrvws43AWg[35] 01:08:27 João Araújo episode https://www.arraycast.com/episodes/episode33-joao-araujo[36] 01:08:59 Rodrigo Girão Serrão Neural networks https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLgTqamKi1MS3p-O0QAgjv5vt4NY5OgpiM[37] 01:10:55 Functional Geekery podcast https://www.functionalgeekery.com/[38] 01:11:36 Conor's Security talk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ajGX7odA87k[39] 01:12:38 SICP https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structure_and_Interpretation_of_Computer_Programs[40] 01:12:55 Alan McKean Rebecca Wirfs-Brock "Object Design" https://books.google.ca/books?id=vUF72vN5MY8C&printsec=copyright&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false[41] 01:13:35 Growing Object Oriented Guided by Tests http://www.growing-object-oriented-software.com/[42] 01:15:01 Design Patterns vs Anti pattern in APL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v7Mt0GYHU9A[43] 01:18:25 Pop2 https://hopl.info/showlanguage.prx?exp=298&language=POP-2 Pop2 on pdf-11 https://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/projects/poplog/retrieved/adrian-howard-pop11.html[44] 01:18:52 Donald Michie https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Michie[45] 01:21:30 Menace robot http://chalkdustmagazine.com/features/menace-machine-educable-noughts-crosses-engine/[46] 01:22:05 Menace in APL https://romilly.github.io/o-x-o/an-introduction.html

Bobby Lee, owner of the Venue Bar and Grill in Atlanta, GA shares his experiences with visors in cars and gulleys in stage lighting.

A significant number of fatalities are due to blood loss following accidents, injuries or medical procedures. While many methods can stop catastrophic bleeds, they take time and are not always successful. This episode explores the process of inducing bleeding cessation with Joe Landolina of Cresilon. The company has devised a polymer from algae that is applied topically, and immediately stops the bleed. The science behind this innovation and potential applications are discussed. # COLABRATalking Biotech is brought to you by Colabra – an R&D platform that brings your lab's world-changing research together in one shared space. Learn more at https://www.colabra.app/# TALKING BIOTECHTwitter: https://twitter.com/talkingbiotechWebsite: https://www.colabra.app/podcasts/talking-biotech/Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/colabrahqThe Talking Biotech podcast is distinct from Dr. Kevin Folta's teaching and research roles at the University of Florida. The views expressed on the show are those of Dr. Folta and his guests, and do not reflect the opinions of the university or Colabra.

Technology brings a host of "unintended consequences" along with its benefits. While empowering us in many ways many common electronic technologies also sap us of our energy and health. Dr. Beverly Rubik (PhD UC Berkeley, Biophysics 1979) joins Food for Thought: The OFM Podcast host, Peter Defty to share her pioneering work on how non-native emf's  (EMF=Electromagnetic Field) and non-ruminant red meat which has not been properly cured or marinated has immediate & profound deleterious effects on RBC's (RBC=Red Blood Cell).  In addition to discussing the issues and there impacts Beverly & Peter discuss everyday strategies to minimize the impacts.  Links: Dr. Rubik's Institute: http://www.frontiersciences.org/ https://www.westonaprice.org/health-topics/does-short-term-exposure-to-cell-phone-radiation-affect-the-blood/ https://www.westonaprice.org/health-topics/food-features/how-does-pork-prepared-in-various-ways-affect-the-blood/      

In today's VETgirl online veterinary continuing education podcast, we review the accuracy of a newer test (using immunochromatography) for detecting feline blood types (AB) in a study titled “Evaluation of an immunochromatographic test for feline AB system blood typing.” AB blood typing is commonly performed in hospitalized cats to ensure blood compatibility and to prevent hemolytic transfusion reactions or potentially life-threatening reactions (e.g., B cats receiving A blood). Blood typing is a necessity for all feline transfusions because cats are born with antibodies against red blood cells of the opposite blood type. For this reason, there is no universal donor in cats, and cats must always be blood typed and/or cross-matched prior to administration! AB blood typing is also important in feline breeding programs in order to prevent neonatal isoerythrolysis. Several methods that allow AB blood typing have been previously validated and include gel column testing, which is no longer commercially available, as well as tube or plate testing, which are both cumbersome and difficult to standardize in practice. Agglutination cards are probably the most commonly used test kits in veterinary practice and can reliably identify type A and B cats, but traditionally have shown weak reactions with type AB blood, resulting in mistyping of AB cats.

In today's VETgirl online veterinary continuing education podcast, we review the accuracy of a newer test (using immunochromatography) for detecting feline blood types (AB) in a study titled “Evaluation of an immunochromatographic test for feline AB system blood typing.” AB blood typing is commonly performed in hospitalized cats to ensure blood compatibility and to prevent hemolytic transfusion reactions or potentially life-threatening reactions (e.g., B cats receiving A blood). Blood typing is a necessity for all feline transfusions because cats are born with antibodies against red blood cells of the opposite blood type. For this reason, there is no universal donor in cats, and cats must always be blood typed and/or cross-matched prior to administration! AB blood typing is also important in feline breeding programs in order to prevent neonatal isoerythrolysis. Several methods that allow AB blood typing have been previously validated and include gel column testing, which is no longer commercially available, as well as tube or plate testing, which are both cumbersome and difficult to standardize in practice. Agglutination cards are probably the most commonly used test kits in veterinary practice and can reliably identify type A and B cats, but traditionally have shown weak reactions with type AB blood, resulting in mistyping of AB cats.

Initial detection and reporting by clinical microbiology laboratories is a sentinel marker for foodborne outbreak surveillance systems. Initiation of a public health investigation is reliant on the rapid initial identification of pathogens of interest. Diagnostics for Escherichia coli have evolved to reduce identification turnaround time, incorporating technologies for rapid identification (MALDI-TOF MS) and serogrouping (O157 antiserum or latex agglutination). Reporting of these isolates to a public health agency may initiate further laboratory investigations, such as pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, for confirmation that isolates may be related to a common source (clonal population).

Enterohämorrhagische E. coli (EHEC) gehören zu den wichtigen, lebensmittelassoziierten Erregern von Gastroenteritiden. Schwere Erkrankungsverläufe, wie die postinfektiöse Komplikation HUS sind bekannt und betreffen meist Kinder unter 5 Lebensjahren. Als Primärquelle gelten Wiederkäuer, in deren Gastrointestinaltrakt das natürliche Habitat von Shigatoxin-bildenden E. coli liegt. Über fäkale Kontamination von Lebensmitteln, Wasser oder auch direkten Kontakt können STEC oral vom Menschen aufgenommen werden, wobei nicht alle STEC gleich virulent sind. Manche, wie z. B. die der Serogruppen O26, O103, O111, O145 und O157 werden wesentlich häufiger bei erkrankten Menschen nachgewiesen als andere. Ziel dieser Studie war es zum einen fünf Singleplex Real-Time PCR-Systeme und ein Pentaplex Real-Time PCR-System zum Nachweis der oben genannten fünf E. coli-Serogruppen am LGL, Oberschleißheim, zu etablieren. Die in der Norm ISO/TS 13136:2012 als „hochpathogen“ eingestuften STEC-Stämme können somit anhand der dort beschriebenen Primer- und Sondensequenzen aus Probenisolaten detektiert werden. Für die Validierung wurden die Selektivität, Sensitivität, Präzision und Richtigkeit der PCR-Systeme bestimmt. Zum anderen wurden die Daten von 8272 humanen Proben (einschließlich der des EHEC O104:H4-Ausbruchs von 2011), 1521 Lebensmittelproben, 240 Tierkotproben, 69 Schlachtkörperproben und 29 Wasserproben aus den Jahren 2009 bis 2011 aus Bayern sowie die STEC-Serotypisierungsergebnisse von 09/2004 bis 12/2011 ausgewertet und beschrieben. Im Vergleich mit der gängigen Serotypisierung mittels Agglutination bietet das Real-Time PCR-Verfahren insbesondere bei großem Probenumfang einen enormen Zeitvorteil. Das Pentaplex PCR-System ermöglicht zudem eine zeitgleiche Analyse von Probenisolaten auf alle fünf Serogruppen. Alle E. coli-Stämme der Serogruppen O26, O103, O111, O145 und O157 wurden durch die PCR-Systeme korrekt nachgewiesen. Die O103-Sondensequenz wurde hierfür zuvor modifiziert. Die Spezifität der Nachweissysteme für O26, O103 und O145 lag in Bezug auf E. coli bei 100 %. Bei den Nachweissystemen für O111 und O157 zeigten auch Bakterienstämme anderer Gattungen ein positives Ergebnis in der PCR (Serratia entomophila / rfbEO157-positiv und Shigella sp. LGL 2869 / wbd1O111-positiv). Die Datenauswertung ergab unter anderem einen hohen Anteil stx-positiver Tierkot- und Schlachtkörperproben von Rindern. Die meisten stx-positiven Lebensmittel stammten von Wiederkäuern. Vereinzelt waren auch potenziell humanvirulente STEC nachzuweisen. Der Großteil der nicht-humanen Proben war weder eae- noch EhlyA-positiv, während nur ein Viertel der humanen Proben keines der beiden Gene aufwies. Bei humanen Proben dominiert die Gruppe der unter 1 bis 5-jährigen Erkrankten und Frauen sind häufiger betroffen als Männer. Die E. coli-Serogruppen O26, O103, O111, O145 und O157 gehören zu den häufigsten in Bayern und 2011 infizierten sich 47 Menschen in Bayern mit EHEC O104:H4.

We are super excited to reveal that our third host for (we hope) the duration of William’s absence will be none other than David J. Peterson!  Take a listen as we talk through the challenges of making an agglutinative language that isn’t depressingly boring. Top of Show Greeting: Kihā́mmic Feedback: Email from (another) Michael: Hey guys, I’ve... Read more »

Background: Monomers of the collectin surfactant associated protein-A (SP-A) are arranged in trimers and higher oligomers. The state of oligomerization differs between individuals and likely affects SP-A's functional properties. SP-A can form aggregates together with other SP-A molecules. Here we report and assess a test system for the aggregate forming properties of SP-A in serum and broncho-alveolar lavage samples. Methods: Anti-SP-A antibodies fixed to latex beads bound SP-A at its N-terminal end and allowed the interaction with other SP-A molecules in a given sample by their C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) to agglutinate the beads to aggregates, which were quantified by light microscopy. Results: SP-A aggregation was dependent on its concentration, the presence of calcium, and was dose-dependently inhibited by mannose. Unaffected by the presence of SP-D no aggregation was observed in absence of SP-A. The more complex the oligomeric structure of SP-A present in a particular sample, the better was its capability to induce aggregation at a given total concentration of SP-A. SP-A in serum agglutinated independently of the pulmonary disease; in contrast SP-A in lung lavage fluid was clearly inferior in patients with chronic bronchitis and particularly with cystic fibrosis compared to controls. Conclusions: The functional status of SP-A with respect to its aggregating properties in serum and lavage samples can be easily assessed. SP-A in lung lavage fluid in patients with severe neutrophilic bronchitis was inferior.

Can we use methylene blue against cell death? In search of a drug that treats the causes of Alzheimer's…

Die hydrophilen pulmonalen Surfactantproteine A und D (SP-A, SP-D) gehören zur Gruppe der C-Typ Lektine und spielen bei der angeborenen, primären Immunantwort der Lunge eine Rolle. In mehreren Studien wurde gezeigt, dass SP-A und SP-D mit einer Reihe von Mikroorganismen und pulmonalen Entzündungszellen interagieren. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die Funktion von SP-A und SP-D bei der Immunabwehr Mukoviszidose-assoziierter Keime wie Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Xanthomonas maltophilia, Burgholderia cepacia und Staphylococcus aureus untersucht. Hierzu wurden zunächst insgesamt 57 klinische Isolate der Bakterien, darunter 35 P. aeruginosa Stämme, durch Sero- beziehungsweise Pyozintypisierung, Alginatbildung oder Kollagenase-aktivität charakterisiert. Wir untersuchten, inwiefern Agglutination und Proliferation der Bakterien sowie die Phagozytose speziell von P. aeruginosa durch SP-A und SP-D beeinflusst werden können. Die hier gezeigten Ergebnisse demonstrieren, dass SP-A und SP-D an P. aeruginosa binden. Die Interaktion mit den Bakterien ist kalziumabhängig, wird durch einfache Kohlehydrate gehemmt und somit über die Lektin/Kohlehydrat-Bindungsstellen der Surfactantproteine vermittelt. Trotz Bindung an plastikadhärente P. aeruginosa induziert SP-A keine Agglutination der Bakterien. SP-D hingegen agglutiniert P. aeruginosa. Darüber hinaus hemmt SP-D unabhängig von der Agglutination konzentrationsabhängig das Wachstum von P. aeruginosa. SP-D stimuliert die Phagozytose von Bakterien, indem es als Opsonin die Aufnahme der Keime durch eine humane Makrophagen Zelllinie verstärkt. SP-A beeinflusste die Phagozytose der untersuchten Keime dagegen nicht. Zusammenfassend konnte gezeigt werden, dass SP-A und SP-D unterschiedliche immunmodulatorische Funktionen haben. SP-D stimuliert durch verstärkte Phagozytose unabhängig vom LPS Serotyp die Abwehr Mukoviszidose-assoziierter Keime, speziell nicht mukoider P. aeruginosa. Beide Surfactantproteine binden spezifisch P. aeruginosa, aber nur SP-D induziert deren Agglutination und führt durch die Bildung von größeren Aggregaten möglicherweise zur Steigerung der pulmonalen Clearance der Bakterien.