Podcasts about Shigella

Send us a textDr. Marianne Holm, MD, Ph.D. is Vice President of the Infectious Diseases Program area, at the Novo Nordisk Foundation ( https://novonordiskfonden.dk/en/ ) where she is responsible for supporting the development and implementation of new strategic initiatives and research programs, and developing partnerships that contribute to the global visibility and impact of the foundation's activities within Infectious Diseases, and this responsibility includes supporting multiple cross disciplinary initiatives in Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR).Dr. Holm is a medical doctor and epidemiologist, who previously led the department of epidemiology and public health research at the International Vaccine Institute (IVI) in Seoul, where she was responsible for the coordination and implementation of several large development programs funded by the Fleming Fund, working with local governments and healthcare institutions to build capacity in AMR surveillance in low- and middle- income countries in the Asian region. Prior to joining IVI in 2018, Dr. Holm worked for 4 years at the School of Public Health at the University of Hong Kong working in the health services research unit coordinating the School's evidence based practice education program.Dr. Holm has been a member of the coordination group of the WHO Technical Advisory Group and Coordination Group on Vaccines and AMR. She is also a member of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Collaborator Network as well as the Surveillance and Epidemiology of Drug Resistant Infections Consortium (SEDRIC) network.Dr. Holm received her MD and Ph.D. from University of Copenhagen and Master of Science (MSc), Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, U. of London.IMPORTANT EPISODE LINK - Gram-Negative Antibiotic Discovery Innovator (Gr-ADI) - https://gcgh.grandchallenges.org/challenge/innovations-gram-negative-antibiotic-discovery The Gram-Negative Antibiotic Discovery Innovator (Gr-ADI) is tripartite initiative of the Novo Nordisk Foundation, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Wellcome Trust, that will focus on discovery of direct-acting small-molecule antibiotics with broad-spectrum activity against Enterobacteriaceae (a large family of Gram-negative bacteria that includes Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Shigella and Klebsiella), with Klebsiella spp. selected as an initial targeted pathogen. Klebsiella organisms can lead to a wide range of disease states, notably pneumonia, urinary tract infections, sepsis, meningitis, diarrhea, peritonitis and soft tissue infections. The program aims to address the lack of novel antibiotics for gram-negative bacteria and the public health threat posed by antimicrobial resistance (AMR).#NovoNordiskFoundation #GramNegativeAntibioticDiscoveryInnovator #BillAndMelindaGatesFoundation #WellcomeTrust #AMR #AntimicrobialResistance #Enterobacteriaceae #Klebsiella #Salmonella #EscherichiaColi #Shigella #InfectiousDiseases #MarianneHolm #Vaccines #MultidrugEffluxPumps #ProgressPotentialAndPossibilities #IraPastor #Podcast #Podcaster #ViralPodcast #STEM #Innovation #Technology #Science #ResearchSupport the show

TWiM describes Shigella infection is facilitated by interaction of human enteric α-defensin 5 with a colonic epithelial receptor, and an amino acid change in RNA polymerase that leads to resistance to β-lactams by preventing dysregulation of amino acid and nucleotide metabolism Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Michael Schmidt, Petra Levin and Michele Swanson. Subscribe to TWiM (free) on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, Android, RSS, or by email. Become a patron of TWiM. Music used on TWiM is composed and performed by Ronald Jenkees and used with permission. Links for this episode National Black HIV/AIDS awareness day (CDC) Shigella infection and human enteric alpha-defensin 5 (Nature Microbio) RNA polymerase amino acid change and resistance to beta-lactams (Cell Rep) Take the TWiM Listener survey! Send your microbiology questions and comments (email or recorded audio) to twim@microbe.tv

Severe cases of shigella infection are on the rise among vulnerable people in cities across the country.Our House doctor, Mike Simon, speaks with host Emily Brass about the concerns around the drug-resistant strains.

A recent E. coli outbreak at several events in the St. Louis region has left more than a dozen people hospitalized and affected at least 115 others. That follows news of a shigella outbreak in Fairview Heights where nearly a hundred diners were sickened after eating at a LongHorn Steakhouse. We talk about food borne illness and pose your food safety questions to an infectious disease physician, a food safety attorney and a health inspector.

Action News Jax's Chandler Morgan is profiling the Jacksonville Zoo, from their AZA accreditation to their care efforts and resources regarding the recent Shigella outbreak affecting their apes. Get her full report on Action News Jax this Friday at 545pm.

This summer, I participated in a human challenge trial at the University of Maryland. I spent the days just prior to my 30th birthday sick with shigellosis. What? Why?Dysentery is an acute disease in which pathogens attack the intestine. It is most often caused by the bacteria Shigella. It spreads via the fecal-oral route. It requires an astonishingly low number of pathogens to make a person sick – so it spreads quickly, especially in bad hygienic conditions or anywhere water can get tainted with feces.It kills about 70,000 people a year, 30,000 of whom are children under the age of 5. Almost all of these cases and deaths are among very poor people.The primary mechanism by which dysentery kills people is dehydration. The person loses fluids to diarrhea and for whatever reason (lack of knowledge, energy, water, etc) cannot regain them sufficiently. Shigella bacteria are increasingly [...] ---Outline:(00:15) What? Why?(01:18) The deal with human challenge trials(02:46) Dysentery: it's a modern disease(04:27) Getting ready(07:25) Two days until challenge(10:19) One day before challenge: the age of phage(11:08) Bacteriophage therapy: sending a cat after mice(14:14) Do they work?(16:17) Day 1 of challenge(17:09) The waiting game(18:20) Let's learn about Shigella pathogenesis(23:34) Let's really learn about Shigella pathogenesis(27:03) Out the other side(29:24) AftermathThe original text contained 3 footnotes which were omitted from this narration. The original text contained 2 images which were described by AI. --- First published: October 22nd, 2024 Source: https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/inHiHHGs6YqtvyeKp/i-got-dysentery-so-you-don-t-have-to --- Narrated by TYPE III AUDIO. ---Images from the article:

Send Us A Message or Ask Us A Question? Vijay Panchal: Embracing Diversity and Creativity through AdversityIn this inspiring episode of the Us People podcast, host Savia Rocks embraces  the journey of Vijay Panchal, a neurodiverse character artist, and public speaker. Vijay shares how he grew up influenced by his Indian heritage and creative family, using art as a therapeutic and expressive tool. The discussion explores Vijay's challenges, including undiagnosed health issues, his resilience through severe illnesses such as Shigella and fibromyalgia, and his completion of a degree in digital animation. Vijay highlights the importance of support networks, programs like Hatch Launchpad, and the role of creativity in overcoming personal and professional hurdles. He provides insights into managing physical and mental well-being through practices like meditation, movement therapy, and guided visualization. The conversation underscores neurodiversity, particularly ADHD and OCD, as assets to his creativity and organization, culminating in a message of self-acceptance, humility, and the value of diverse perspectives. Vijay concludes with his mission to empower young minds and the importance of maintaining a positive outlook despite life's challenges.00:00 Welcome to Season Five01:18 Introducing Vijay: A Neurodiverse Artist02:07 Vijay's Early Life and Influences02:47 Defining Identity and Overcoming Challenges05:50 A Journey Through Art and Creativity10:01 Health Struggles and Resilience16:36 Achievements and Future Goals21:28 The Power of Sharing Stories22:54 A Day in the Life of Vijay23:48 Night Owl Creativity25:10 Morning Routine and Management Strategies26:25 Nutrition and Supplements27:52 Afternoon Tasks and Evening Creativity29:32 Late Night Learning and Relaxation33:20 The Importance of Helping Children35:55 Personal Reflections and Mission38:35 Finding Peace and Social Media Presence42:24 Gratitude and Final ThoughtsThank you so much Vijay for showing us, that we not what we are titled by society. Website: https://vijaypanchal.weebly.com/What you see on the outside, does not perceive the substance of our inside - Savia RocksSupport the show

Dateline: September 13, 2024. Rossifari Zoo News is back with a round up of the latest news in the world of zoos, aquariums, conservation, and animal weirdness!   We start off with a quick programming note and some catching up on my life. We start off our Zoo News section with births, featuring a new tiger at the San Diego Zoo Safari Park, a new Grivet monkey at Southwick's Zoo, six new lemurs at Duke, a baby bonobo at the Cincinnati Zoo, a little giant anteater at Beardsley Zoo, and new black tree monitors at Riverbanks Zoo.We also say goodbye to some incredible animals. We start off with a younger red panda who passed at Happy Hollow, and also talk about an old penguin that passed at the Maryland Zoo, a wolverine that recently started living at the Columbus Zoo, another ape claimed by Shigella at Jacksonville, one of the oldest Pallas' cats in the country at Hogle Zoo, and one of the oldest Lar gibbons at Reid Park Zoo.  We then move on to our other Zoo News stories.  This episode features stories from Mote Marine Lab, the Memphis Zoo, Melbourne Zoo, the Toronto Zoo, a new SAFE Program, a tiger escape in Mexico, and more.In Conservation News, we talk about the burning of Brazil, another oil spill, the rediscovery of a lost bird, and the tale of a trout.In Other News, we talk about Mike the tiger, a black bear at a beach, and a search and rescue otter.Wild Times: Wildlife EducationWildlife mysteries, crazy news, and daring animal stories—listen now!Listen on: Apple Podcasts Spotify

An outbreak of Shigella, a highly contagious bacterial infection, has resulted in the deaths of three apes (a gorilla and two bonobos) at the Jacksonville zoo. Staff vets are working to protect their remaining ape population, and the ape exhibits are closed until further notice.

La diarrea es un problema común que puede ser causado por diversas razones. Aquí están algunas de las causas más comunes y sus tratamientos:Causas de la diarrea:Infecciones virales: Los virus como el norovirus, rotavirus o adenovirus pueden causar diarrea.Infecciones bacterianas: Bacterias como Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella y Campylobacter pueden ser responsables.Parásitos: Parásitos como Giardia lamblia y Cryptosporidium pueden provocar diarrea.Intolerancias alimentarias: La intolerancia a la lactosa o al gluten puede causar diarrea.Medicamentos: Antibióticos, laxantes y ciertos medicamentos para el corazón pueden inducir diarrea.Enfermedades digestivas: Enfermedades inflamatorias del intestino, como la enfermedad de Crohn y la colitis ulcerosa, pueden ser responsables.Estrés y ansiedad: El estrés emocional puede desencadenar episodios de diarrea.Alimentos contaminados: Consumo de alimentos en mal estado o contaminados con bacterias o toxinas.Tratamiento de la diarrea:Rehidratación:Oral: Soluciones de rehidratación oral (SRO) disponibles en farmacias son esenciales para reponer líquidos y electrolitos.Intravenosa: En casos severos, puede ser necesaria la administración de líquidos por vía intravenosa.Dietas blandas:BRAT: Dieta a base de plátano, arroz, compota de manzana y tostadas puede ser útil para asentar el estómago.Evitar alimentos irritantes: Evitar productos lácteos, grasas, alimentos picantes y bebidas alcohólicas o con cafeína.Medicamentos antidiarreicos:Loperamida: Ayuda a reducir la frecuencia de las deposiciones.Subsalicilato de bismuto: Útil para tratar diarrea del viajero y calmar el estómago.Tratamiento de la causa subyacente:Antibióticos: Si la diarrea es causada por una infección bacteriana.Antiparasitarios: Si la causa es una infección por parásitos.Cambio de medicamentos: Consultar al médico si la diarrea es causada por medicamentos.Probióticos:Pueden ayudar a restablecer la flora intestinal y reducir la duración de la diarrea.Evitar deshidratantes:Beber suficiente agua y evitar bebidas que puedan empeorar la deshidratación, como el alcohol y la cafeína.Cuándo buscar ayuda médica:Si la diarrea dura más de 48 horas.Si hay signos de deshidratación severa (sequedad en la boca, orina oscura, mareos).Si hay fiebre alta, sangre en las heces o dolor abdominal severo.En el caso de niños pequeños y personas mayores, buscar ayuda médica si la diarrea es persistente.Es importante recordar que estos tratamientos pueden variar dependiendo de la causa específica de la diarrea y la condición general del paciente. Siempre es recomendable consultar a un profesional de la salud para un diagnóstico y tratamiento adecuados.Conviértete en un seguidor de este podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/comiendo-con-maria-nutricion--2497272/support.

A bacterial outbreak has emerged among homeless individuals living at San Jose encampments in Columbus and Roosevelt parks, but health officials say the risk to the general public is low. Three confirmed cases of Shigella, a highly contagious intestinal bacteria, were identified between June 3-17. Two individuals have been hospitalized and four people are being evaluated. There are 19 suspected cases tied to the same outbreak. Shigella causes vomiting and diarrhea, which is often bloody. It gets passed on when individuals put anything in their mouth that has made contact with the infected feces, such as shaking a contaminated hand and then using their hands to eat. People can also catch the disease by drinking water that has been contaminated. “What's concerning about this outbreak isn't the absolute number. We do regularly see Shigella cases,” Dr. Monika Roy, assistant health officer in the county's Public Health Department, said on Tuesday. “What's concerning more is the number that are related to each other.” --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/darien-dunstan3/message

Butte County is investigating the Shigella outbreak in Oroville. Also, the Butte County Sheriff's Search and Rescue is warning residents to be cautious of an increasing amount of snakes in the area, and Redding will ask Shasta County for financial help to get direct flights to Denver.

In "Good News in a COVID-Indifferent World," Dr. Osterholm and Chris Dall discuss the national and international COVID trends, the latest research on long COVID, and antibiotic resistant Shigella. Dr. Osterholm also shares the latest "This Week in Public Health History" segment and interviews members of the podcast team. Iron dysregulation and inflammatory stress erythropoiesis associates with long-term outcome of COVID-19 (Hanson et al., Nature Immunology)How Americans view the coronavirus, COVID-19 vaccines amid declining levels of concern (Tyson & Pasquini, Pew Research Center)Spike in extensively drug-resistant Shigella cases reported in UK, Europe (Dall, CIDRAP News)CDC warns of increase in extensively drug-resistant shigellosis (Dall, CIDRAP News)Superbugs & You podcast — new episode coming 3/26!The man in the iron lung (McRobbie, The Guardian)More episodesSupport this podcast

In "Good News in a COVID Indifferent World," Dr. Osterholm and Chris Dall discuss the national and international COVID trends, the latest research on long COVID, and antibiotic resistant Shigella. Dr. Osterholm also shares the latest "This Week in Public Health History" segment and interviews members of the podcast team. Iron dysregulation and inflammatory stress erythropoiesis associates with long-term outcome of COVID-19 (Hanson et al., Nature Immunology)How Americans view the coronavirus, COVID-19 vaccines amid declining levels of concern (Tyson & Pasquini, Pew Research Center)Spike in extensively drug-resistant Shigella cases reported in UK, Europe (Dall, CIDRAP News)CDC warns of increase in extensively drug-resistant shigellosis (Dall, CIDRAP News)Superbugs & You podcast — new episode coming 3/26!The man in the iron lung (McRobbie, The Guardian)More episodesSupport this podcast

Salmonella and Shigella species are almost made to be confused—two bacterial infections in the Enterobacteriaceae family that are spread by food and dirty conditions, cause gastroenteritis, and start with S! To make matters more confusing, they look similar on microscopy. While they are more common in developing communities, they are also seen in the United States. Here, we will give you the tools to keep these bugs and their presentations straight. After listening to this AudioBrick, you should be able to: Differentiate the microscopic and growth characteristics and habitat of Salmonella typhi, Salmonella spp other than S typhi, and Shigella. Describe the host (risk) factors, mode of transmission, and pathobiology of diseases caused by these organisms. Describe the clinical manifestations of diseases caused by these organisms. Discuss concerns of antibiotic resistance related to these organisms. You can also check out the original brick on Salmonella and Shigella. from our Microbiology collection, which is available for free. Learn more about Rx Bricks by signing up for a free USMLE-Rx account: www.usmle-rx.com You will get 5 days of full access to our Rx360+ program, including nearly 800 Rx Bricks.  After the 5-day period, you will still be able to access over 150 free bricks, including the entire collections for General Microbiology and Cellular and Molecular Biology. *** If you enjoyed this episode, we'd love for you to leave a review on Apple Podcasts.  It helps with our visibility, and the more med students (or future med students) listen to the podcast, the more we can provide to the future physicians of the world. Follow USMLE-Rx at: Facebook: www.facebook.com/usmlerx Blog: www.firstaidteam.com Twitter: https://twitter.com/firstaidteam Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/firstaidteam/ YouTube: www.youtube.com/USMLERX Learn how you can access over 150 of our bricks for FREE: https://usmlerx.wpengine.com/free-bricks/

In a recent development, Philadelphia Health officials are closely monitoring a spike in cases of a potentially antibiotic-resistant bacterial infection known as Chella. The infection, notably prevalent in areas with significant homeless populations and opioid use, is raising concerns due to its easy transmission and impact on vulnerable groups. Philadelphia and Oregon's Multnomah County, both under Democratic leadership, have reported substantial increases in Chella cases. These cities, along with Seattle, have faced criticism for their handling of homelessness and drug use, factors contributing to the spread of the infection. The infection is typically transmitted through contaminated food and water, sexual activity, or poor hygiene practices. Health experts emphasize the importance of cleanliness and handwashing to combat the spread. This situation highlights broader issues regarding homelessness, drug use, and public health in urban areas. --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/darien-dunstan3/message

Portland is grappling with an outbreak of Shigella, a disease spread by human feces, primarily affecting the homeless community. Health officials from Multnomah and Clackamas counties have reported a surge in cases, emphasizing the situation's severity. The bacteria, causing symptoms like diarrhea and stomach cramps, is highly contagious and can be spread through unsanitary conditions, contaminated food, or sexual contact. The podcast highlights the broader implications of allowing unregulated tent encampments, pointing to the outbreak as a consequence of poor hygiene and living conditions among the homeless. Officials are urging improved hygiene practices and caution to curb the spread, but the situation underscores the dire need for better management and support for vulnerable populations. --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/darien-dunstan3/message

This is Garrison Hardie with your CrossPolitic Daily News Brief for Thursday, January 4th, 2024. Pub Membership Plug: Public Houses, or Pubs, are not just places to drink beer, wine, cider or even something a little stronger. It is also a unique social centre, very often the focus of community life in villages, towns and cities throughout the length and breadth of the world. We here at CrossPolitic hope to emulate that for you and yours. That’s why you should grab yourself a pub membership at fightlaughfeast.com… we need you on this ride with us. So pull up a chair, grab a pint, and join us on this ride at fightlaughfeast.com - that’s fightlaughfeast.com. https://www.foxbusiness.com/politics/us-national-debt-tops-34t-first-time-history US national debt tops $34T for first time in history The U.S. national debt topped $34 trillion for the first time ever, crossing a critical milestone at a time when government spending is already under scrutiny. The national debt – which measures what the U.S. owes its creditors — hit $34 trillion as of Friday afternoon, according to new data published by the Treasury Department. By comparison, just four decades ago, the national debt hovered around $907 billion. "We are beginning a new year, but our national debt remains on the same damaging and unsustainable path," said Michael Peterson, CEO of the Peter G. Peterson Foundation, which advocates for fiscal sustainability. The historic debt level comes as Congress races to finalize critical funding bills in order to prevent a government shutdown. The national debt is expected to nearly double in size over the next three decades, according to the latest findings from the Congressional Budget Office. At the end of 2022, the national debt grew to about 97% of gross domestic product. Under current law, that figure is expected to skyrocket to 181% at the end of 2053 – a debt burden that will far exceed any previous level. "Though our level of debt is dangerous for both our economy and for national security, America just cannot stop borrowing," said Maya MacGuineas, president of the Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget. The White House was quick to blame Republicans on Tuesday evening for the astronomical rise in the federal debt. "This is the trickle-down debt — driven overwhelmingly by repeated Republican giveaways skewed to big corporations and the wealthy," Michael Kikukawa, White House assistant press secretary, said in a statement provided to FOX Business. Even more worrisome is that the spike in interest rates over the past year and a half has made the cost of servicing the national debt more expensive. That is because as interest rates rise, the federal government's borrowing costs on its debt will also increase. In fact, interest payments on the national debt are projected to be the fastest-growing part of the federal budget over the next three decades, according to the CRFB. Payments are expected to triple from nearly $475 billion in fiscal year 2022 to a stunning $1.4 trillion in 2032. By 2053, the interest payments are projected to surge to $5.4 trillion. To put that into perspective, that will be more than the U.S. spends on Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid and all other mandatory and discretionary spending programs. https://mynorthwest.com/3944857/rantz-homeless-fecal-matter-behind-explosion-shigella-cases-portland/ Homeless fecal matter behind explosion of Shigella cases in Portland Homeless people are spreading Shigella in and around downtown Portland, Oregon. Cases are now surging and could lead to a public health emergency. Shigella is a highly contagious bacteria that spreads through fecal matter. It’s usually spread when the bacteria is on someone’s hand and then they touch their mouth, or through sex. The Portland metro saw at least 218 cases of shigellosis in 2023, with 45 cases in December alone. Many of them occurred in Old Town. As cases rise, Multnomah County Deputy Health Officer Dr. Teresa Everson is advising the public to be alert, but not panic, as the cases are not occurring in the general public. But there’s fear in the community that that may change. The county is offering some infected homeless people free motel rooms to isolate in so they can mitigate the spread. “These cases can occur because bathrooms, handwashing sinks and soap can be hard to access when you aren’t housed,” she told KGW-TV. “And unhoused community members are at higher risk of infectious diseases in general, as they experience poorer health than the broader public.” Still, Everson advises people living and working in Old Town to be extra vigilant in washing hands. Though, she said most of the cases appear to be a result of sexual contact. Symptoms of Shigella infection include diarrhea, stomach cramps fever and vomiting that can last anywhere from three to 10 days. It can be treated with antibiotics. Though it’s rare to see this specific kind of outbreak amongst the homeless, once it spreads, it may be hard to contain since the homeless aren’t especially hygienic with a lack of access to restrooms. But it’s a crisis of Portland’s own making. Permissive left-wing policies have allowed homelessness to explode in Portland, rendering the city unrecognizable. In the waning months of 2023, officials finally committed to implementing a new strategy to target homelessness after public pressure forced them to accept the reality on its streets. In a long-overdue move, the city finally decided to enforce a camping ban on public property. The new policy was set to put much-needed restrictions in place, banning camping on all public property from 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. and limiting it during other hours. It’s a clear message: No more overnight stays in city parks, along riverbanks or near busy streets. But a judge stopped the ban from commencing after activist attorneys representing five homeless Portlanders sued the city. It’s part of a consistent strategy to stop any homeless policies from being enforced, with Radical Left activists fighting to keep homeless on the streets where they will now spread Shigella. Seattle and King County experienced a similar surge in cases that were addressed in 2021 after Public Health learned that 84% of the cases hit the homeless. https://www.foxnews.com/world/japan-airlines-passenger-plane-burst-flames-tokyos-haneda-airport Japan Airlines plane bursts into flames after collision at Tokyo's Haneda airport, leaving 5 dead A thick plume of black smoke rose over an airport runway in Japan on Tuesday after a Japanese aircraft collided with a coast guard aircraft and burst into flames, local media reported. Live footage on public broadcaster NHK showed Japan Airlines passenger plane JAL-516 on a runway at Tokyo's Haneda airport with flames coming out of its windows. Shortly after, the plane was entirely consumed. The coast guard aircraft pilot escaped, but the five crewmembers were killed, NHK reported. An official confirmed that a Bombardier Dash-8 Coast Guard plane was involved in the collision. A Japan Airlines spokesperson said more than 300 passengers were on board when the aircraft initially caught fire. NHK reported all 379 passengers and crew ultimately escaped from the plane. The aircraft JAL flight 516 had flown out of Shin Chitose airport in Japan to Haneda, officials said. Haneda is one of the busiest airports in Japan. All runways and services at the airport were suspended. https://townhall.com/tipsheet/spencerbrown/2024/01/02/veterans-and-service-members-demand-pentagon-accountability-for-vaccine-mandates-n2633048 'Enough Is Enough': Veterans and Service Members Demand Accountability From DoD Saying that "all internal efforts to rectify recent criminal activity within the Armed forces" have been "exhausted," more than 200 military veterans and service members signed and published a "Declaration of Military Accountability" on January 1 over the Department of Defense's its enactment and enforcement of the COVID-19 vaccine mandate. Invoking the Declaration of Independence in a declaration of their own, the current and former members of the U.S. military state that America has reached a point in its history where it is "necessary to admonish the lawless, encourage the fainthearted, and strengthen the weak" as the "affairs of our nation are now steeped in avaricious corruption and our once stalwart institutions, including the Dept of Defense, are failing to fulfill the moral obligations upon which they were founded." Unlike the Declaration of Independence, the signers of the Declaration of Military Accountability "seek no separation" as the patriots of 1776 did from Great Britain, "but through this letter and the efforts we pledge herein, we pursue restoration through accountability." On the Pentagon's enactment of the COVID-19 vaccine mandate, the declaration states that "military leaders broke the law, trampled constitutional rights, denied informed consent, permitted unwilling medical experimentation, and suppressed the free exercise of religion," actions that meant "[s]ervice members and families were significantly harmed." "Their suffering continues to be felt financially, emotionally, and physically," the declaration emphasizes of those affected by the DoD's COVID-19 vaccine mandate. "Some service members became part of our ever-growing veteran homeless population, some developed debilitating vaccine injuries, and some even lost their lives." Despite these outcomes, the declaration says "military leaders are continuing to ignore our communications regarding these injuries and the laws that were broken," calling the DoD's silence "an apparent attempt to avoid accountability." Naming a list of military leaders who "enabled lawlessness and the unwilling experimentation on service members" including "GEN Milley, ADM Grady, GEN McConville, ADM Gilday, ADM Lescher, Gen Brown, Gen Berger, Gen Smith, VADM Kilby, VADM Nowell, VADM Fuller, LTG Martin, Lt Gen Davis, MG Edmonson, GEN Williams, ADM Fagan, VADM Buck, Lt Gen Clark, MG Francis, LTG Dingle, Lt Gen Miller, RADM Gillingham, and numerous others," the declaration emphasizes that they "betrayed the trust of service members and the American people." "Their actions caused irreparable harm to the Armed Forces and the institutions for which we have fought and bled," the current and former members of the military say. "These leaders refused to resign or take any other action to hold themselves accountable, nor have they attempted to repair the harm their policies and actions have caused." Due to this lack of accountability, the 231 signatories to the declaration state their intention to "do everything morally permissible and legally possible to hold our own leadership accountable" because they "as service members and veterans...feel particularly responsible for the DoD and, in according with our oaths...will make every effort to demonstrate by example how an institution can put its own house in order." Signing "on behalf of hundreds of thousands of service members and the American people, while appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for guidance and purity of intention, mutually pledge to each other that we will do everything in our power, through lawful word and action, to hold accountable military leaders who failed to follow the law when their leadership and moral courage was most desperately needed," the declaration explains. The action that will follow from the declaration, it explains, includes running for Congress and seeking appointments within the executive branch while those in active service "will continue to put fulfilling our oaths ahead of striving for rank or position." In addition, the declaration pledges that those who have the legal authority to do so will "recall from retirement the military leaders who broke the law and will convene courts-martial for the crimes they committed." Those who become lawmakers will "introduce legislation to remove all retirement income for the military leaders who were criminally complicit, and we will ensure none serve in or retire from the Senior Executive Service." Emphasizing that fulfilling their oaths to the Constitution requires "persistent vigilance," the declaration's signers also pledge to "train those who come after us to fulfill their duty in achieving this accountability and safeguarding against such leadership failures hereafter." "While all good things come to an end, we refuse to allow our nation to go quietly into the depths of decadence and decay," the veterans and service members declare. "We promise to exhaust all moral, ethical, and legal means to restore the rule of law and will begin by attempting to hold senior military leaders accountable" in addition to fighting to enforce the Constitution and "put an end to the two-tiered justice system." The Declaration concludes: "May future generations see our efforts and, God willing, may they also be recipients of the great gift of liberty that we have had the honor of safeguarding.”

This is Garrison Hardie with your CrossPolitic Daily News Brief for Thursday, January 4th, 2024. Pub Membership Plug: Public Houses, or Pubs, are not just places to drink beer, wine, cider or even something a little stronger. It is also a unique social centre, very often the focus of community life in villages, towns and cities throughout the length and breadth of the world. We here at CrossPolitic hope to emulate that for you and yours. That’s why you should grab yourself a pub membership at fightlaughfeast.com… we need you on this ride with us. So pull up a chair, grab a pint, and join us on this ride at fightlaughfeast.com - that’s fightlaughfeast.com. https://www.foxbusiness.com/politics/us-national-debt-tops-34t-first-time-history US national debt tops $34T for first time in history The U.S. national debt topped $34 trillion for the first time ever, crossing a critical milestone at a time when government spending is already under scrutiny. The national debt – which measures what the U.S. owes its creditors — hit $34 trillion as of Friday afternoon, according to new data published by the Treasury Department. By comparison, just four decades ago, the national debt hovered around $907 billion. "We are beginning a new year, but our national debt remains on the same damaging and unsustainable path," said Michael Peterson, CEO of the Peter G. Peterson Foundation, which advocates for fiscal sustainability. The historic debt level comes as Congress races to finalize critical funding bills in order to prevent a government shutdown. The national debt is expected to nearly double in size over the next three decades, according to the latest findings from the Congressional Budget Office. At the end of 2022, the national debt grew to about 97% of gross domestic product. Under current law, that figure is expected to skyrocket to 181% at the end of 2053 – a debt burden that will far exceed any previous level. "Though our level of debt is dangerous for both our economy and for national security, America just cannot stop borrowing," said Maya MacGuineas, president of the Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget. The White House was quick to blame Republicans on Tuesday evening for the astronomical rise in the federal debt. "This is the trickle-down debt — driven overwhelmingly by repeated Republican giveaways skewed to big corporations and the wealthy," Michael Kikukawa, White House assistant press secretary, said in a statement provided to FOX Business. Even more worrisome is that the spike in interest rates over the past year and a half has made the cost of servicing the national debt more expensive. That is because as interest rates rise, the federal government's borrowing costs on its debt will also increase. In fact, interest payments on the national debt are projected to be the fastest-growing part of the federal budget over the next three decades, according to the CRFB. Payments are expected to triple from nearly $475 billion in fiscal year 2022 to a stunning $1.4 trillion in 2032. By 2053, the interest payments are projected to surge to $5.4 trillion. To put that into perspective, that will be more than the U.S. spends on Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid and all other mandatory and discretionary spending programs. https://mynorthwest.com/3944857/rantz-homeless-fecal-matter-behind-explosion-shigella-cases-portland/ Homeless fecal matter behind explosion of Shigella cases in Portland Homeless people are spreading Shigella in and around downtown Portland, Oregon. Cases are now surging and could lead to a public health emergency. Shigella is a highly contagious bacteria that spreads through fecal matter. It’s usually spread when the bacteria is on someone’s hand and then they touch their mouth, or through sex. The Portland metro saw at least 218 cases of shigellosis in 2023, with 45 cases in December alone. Many of them occurred in Old Town. As cases rise, Multnomah County Deputy Health Officer Dr. Teresa Everson is advising the public to be alert, but not panic, as the cases are not occurring in the general public. But there’s fear in the community that that may change. The county is offering some infected homeless people free motel rooms to isolate in so they can mitigate the spread. “These cases can occur because bathrooms, handwashing sinks and soap can be hard to access when you aren’t housed,” she told KGW-TV. “And unhoused community members are at higher risk of infectious diseases in general, as they experience poorer health than the broader public.” Still, Everson advises people living and working in Old Town to be extra vigilant in washing hands. Though, she said most of the cases appear to be a result of sexual contact. Symptoms of Shigella infection include diarrhea, stomach cramps fever and vomiting that can last anywhere from three to 10 days. It can be treated with antibiotics. Though it’s rare to see this specific kind of outbreak amongst the homeless, once it spreads, it may be hard to contain since the homeless aren’t especially hygienic with a lack of access to restrooms. But it’s a crisis of Portland’s own making. Permissive left-wing policies have allowed homelessness to explode in Portland, rendering the city unrecognizable. In the waning months of 2023, officials finally committed to implementing a new strategy to target homelessness after public pressure forced them to accept the reality on its streets. In a long-overdue move, the city finally decided to enforce a camping ban on public property. The new policy was set to put much-needed restrictions in place, banning camping on all public property from 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. and limiting it during other hours. It’s a clear message: No more overnight stays in city parks, along riverbanks or near busy streets. But a judge stopped the ban from commencing after activist attorneys representing five homeless Portlanders sued the city. It’s part of a consistent strategy to stop any homeless policies from being enforced, with Radical Left activists fighting to keep homeless on the streets where they will now spread Shigella. Seattle and King County experienced a similar surge in cases that were addressed in 2021 after Public Health learned that 84% of the cases hit the homeless. https://www.foxnews.com/world/japan-airlines-passenger-plane-burst-flames-tokyos-haneda-airport Japan Airlines plane bursts into flames after collision at Tokyo's Haneda airport, leaving 5 dead A thick plume of black smoke rose over an airport runway in Japan on Tuesday after a Japanese aircraft collided with a coast guard aircraft and burst into flames, local media reported. Live footage on public broadcaster NHK showed Japan Airlines passenger plane JAL-516 on a runway at Tokyo's Haneda airport with flames coming out of its windows. Shortly after, the plane was entirely consumed. The coast guard aircraft pilot escaped, but the five crewmembers were killed, NHK reported. An official confirmed that a Bombardier Dash-8 Coast Guard plane was involved in the collision. A Japan Airlines spokesperson said more than 300 passengers were on board when the aircraft initially caught fire. NHK reported all 379 passengers and crew ultimately escaped from the plane. The aircraft JAL flight 516 had flown out of Shin Chitose airport in Japan to Haneda, officials said. Haneda is one of the busiest airports in Japan. All runways and services at the airport were suspended. https://townhall.com/tipsheet/spencerbrown/2024/01/02/veterans-and-service-members-demand-pentagon-accountability-for-vaccine-mandates-n2633048 'Enough Is Enough': Veterans and Service Members Demand Accountability From DoD Saying that "all internal efforts to rectify recent criminal activity within the Armed forces" have been "exhausted," more than 200 military veterans and service members signed and published a "Declaration of Military Accountability" on January 1 over the Department of Defense's its enactment and enforcement of the COVID-19 vaccine mandate. Invoking the Declaration of Independence in a declaration of their own, the current and former members of the U.S. military state that America has reached a point in its history where it is "necessary to admonish the lawless, encourage the fainthearted, and strengthen the weak" as the "affairs of our nation are now steeped in avaricious corruption and our once stalwart institutions, including the Dept of Defense, are failing to fulfill the moral obligations upon which they were founded." Unlike the Declaration of Independence, the signers of the Declaration of Military Accountability "seek no separation" as the patriots of 1776 did from Great Britain, "but through this letter and the efforts we pledge herein, we pursue restoration through accountability." On the Pentagon's enactment of the COVID-19 vaccine mandate, the declaration states that "military leaders broke the law, trampled constitutional rights, denied informed consent, permitted unwilling medical experimentation, and suppressed the free exercise of religion," actions that meant "[s]ervice members and families were significantly harmed." "Their suffering continues to be felt financially, emotionally, and physically," the declaration emphasizes of those affected by the DoD's COVID-19 vaccine mandate. "Some service members became part of our ever-growing veteran homeless population, some developed debilitating vaccine injuries, and some even lost their lives." Despite these outcomes, the declaration says "military leaders are continuing to ignore our communications regarding these injuries and the laws that were broken," calling the DoD's silence "an apparent attempt to avoid accountability." Naming a list of military leaders who "enabled lawlessness and the unwilling experimentation on service members" including "GEN Milley, ADM Grady, GEN McConville, ADM Gilday, ADM Lescher, Gen Brown, Gen Berger, Gen Smith, VADM Kilby, VADM Nowell, VADM Fuller, LTG Martin, Lt Gen Davis, MG Edmonson, GEN Williams, ADM Fagan, VADM Buck, Lt Gen Clark, MG Francis, LTG Dingle, Lt Gen Miller, RADM Gillingham, and numerous others," the declaration emphasizes that they "betrayed the trust of service members and the American people." "Their actions caused irreparable harm to the Armed Forces and the institutions for which we have fought and bled," the current and former members of the military say. "These leaders refused to resign or take any other action to hold themselves accountable, nor have they attempted to repair the harm their policies and actions have caused." Due to this lack of accountability, the 231 signatories to the declaration state their intention to "do everything morally permissible and legally possible to hold our own leadership accountable" because they "as service members and veterans...feel particularly responsible for the DoD and, in according with our oaths...will make every effort to demonstrate by example how an institution can put its own house in order." Signing "on behalf of hundreds of thousands of service members and the American people, while appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for guidance and purity of intention, mutually pledge to each other that we will do everything in our power, through lawful word and action, to hold accountable military leaders who failed to follow the law when their leadership and moral courage was most desperately needed," the declaration explains. The action that will follow from the declaration, it explains, includes running for Congress and seeking appointments within the executive branch while those in active service "will continue to put fulfilling our oaths ahead of striving for rank or position." In addition, the declaration pledges that those who have the legal authority to do so will "recall from retirement the military leaders who broke the law and will convene courts-martial for the crimes they committed." Those who become lawmakers will "introduce legislation to remove all retirement income for the military leaders who were criminally complicit, and we will ensure none serve in or retire from the Senior Executive Service." Emphasizing that fulfilling their oaths to the Constitution requires "persistent vigilance," the declaration's signers also pledge to "train those who come after us to fulfill their duty in achieving this accountability and safeguarding against such leadership failures hereafter." "While all good things come to an end, we refuse to allow our nation to go quietly into the depths of decadence and decay," the veterans and service members declare. "We promise to exhaust all moral, ethical, and legal means to restore the rule of law and will begin by attempting to hold senior military leaders accountable" in addition to fighting to enforce the Constitution and "put an end to the two-tiered justice system." The Declaration concludes: "May future generations see our efforts and, God willing, may they also be recipients of the great gift of liberty that we have had the honor of safeguarding.”

Portland has a Shigella crisis on their hand. Aaron Rodgers vs Jmmy Kimmel. NHL Winter Classic local guitarist blows the mind of listeners. 

There is a non-profit organization called HOPICS got $140M and they stopped paying rent for homeless people. There is a Shigella outbreak in Portland. A woman owned over 300 animals in her home.   See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

A victim of an attempted carjacking at a rest stop near Wild Waves on I-5 in Federal Way used bear spray on the would-be carjackers, and a car crashed into a Tacoma apartment on Christmas day and the driver simply said sorry and left. // Know It All: 1) Joe Biden is under investigation for mishandling classified documents, 2) a 12-year old Israeli hostage of Hamas was told his mother was nearby and that Israel was destroyed, 3) Jack Smith gave Trump a gag order, 4) two Delta Airlines employees were accused of misgendering a transgender person. // A stabbing caused a grisly scene on a MAX train in Portland, and Shigella infections are on the rise in Portland. //  A bill in New York could potentially force restaurants to stay open on Sundays  against religious beliefs.

KFI's own Tech Reporter Rich DeMuro joins The Bill Handel Show for a fresh edition of 'Tech Tuesday'! Rich talks about Bitcoin surging past year-long resistance, streaming services are showing more “pause” ads, teens love their parents track their every move, and the new Mario Bros game is excellent! Dr. Jim Keany, Co-Director of the Emergency Room at Mission Hospital in Mission Viejo, joins The Bill Handel Show for 'Medical News'! Dr. Keany discusses the rare case of mosquito-borne Dengue diagnosed in Pasadena, scientists have discovered “off switch” for Shigella bacterial infections, and lastly good signs in experimental pig heart transplants.

Dr. Jim Keany, Co-Director of the Emergency Room at Mission Hospital in Mission Viejo, joins The Bill Handel Show for 'Medical News'! Dr. Keany discusses the rare case of mosquito-borne Dengue diagnosed in Pasadena, scientists have discovered “off switch” for Shigella bacterial infections, and lastly good signs in experimental pig heart transplants.

Welcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is: To donate or not to donate [a lobe of my liver]?, published by Kyle J. Lucchese on August 25, 2023 on The Effective Altruism Forum. This post is not intended to endorse any particular course of action for one's life, especially if that potentially jeopardizes your health and well-being. Please do your own research and consider how that intersects with your values. I am considering donating a lobe of my liver in a non-directed process and would welcome some community perspective: Is this something you have researched or have done yourself? Do you know anyone who has? What are your thoughts about this from a cost-benefit/impact perspective? A bit of context: I am, by all accounts, healthy and would likely be eligible I am okay with voluntary physical discomfort for others' benefit: I am a regular double-red blood donor I have already donated a kidney in a non-directed donation I participate in challenge trials when opportunities with high-impact potential become available (I recently participated in a Shigella study and am considering Malaria, Dengue, and Zika options for the fall) Thank you, in advance, for sharing your perspective! Thanks for listening. To help us out with The Nonlinear Library or to learn more, please visit nonlinear.org

Michael, Tim, and Jon talk about shit going sideways, and the latest from VicHealth about Shigella. In fact, we have so much information about Shigella that we can't hold it in. We want you to know what Shigella is, how it affects people, as well as what to do if you've been infected. This quick infodump covers the important info about Shigella as well as some lived experience about how shit it can be. The VicHealth Warning is available online at THIS LINK We talk about how this set of cases mirrors previous movements in Shigellosis cases, and how it can be treated before it runs too far. This episode was recorded on the lands of the Yalukut Weelam clan of the Boon Wurrung peoples. We pay our respects to their elders, past, present and emerging, and acknowledge that sovereignty was never ceded. Find other JOY podcasts at joy.org.au     PrEP from PAN including the coupon scheme via pan.org.au ACON: endinghiv.org.au/stay-safe/prep/  Thorne Harbour: thorneharbour.org/hiv-aids/pre-exposure-prophylaxis-prep/  

Dr. Mark Pimentel discusses New Research Findings on SIBO and IBS at the Functional Medicine Discussion Group meeting on May 25, 2023 with moderator Dr. Ben Weitz. [If you enjoy this podcast, please give us a rating and review on Apple Podcasts, so more people will find The Rational Wellness Podcast. Also check out the video version on my WeitzChiro YouTube page.]    Podcast Highlights 4:24  Dr. Pimentel started a fellowship at Cedars in 1996 on motility and his colleagues questioned why he would want to get involved with treating IBS patients, who are psychologically altered?  Patients with IBS seemed like regular folks who were struggling and it is too easy to attribute medical conditions that are not well understood to psychological causes. He reflected on when heart disease was thought to be primarily due to stress and in the early 70s if you had a heart attack, you were told that you needed to quit your job.  But it turned out that what caused their heart attack was more due to the steakhouse with the cholesterol and the alcohol and the smoking and your genetics and all the other things we learned about cardiovascular disease.  One of his colleagues in 1996 told him that "IBS is a disease of hysterical women." 5:41  Anti-diarrheals.  Even in the last three years, the AGA guidelines say that anti-diarrheals like Imodium should be first-line therapy for irritable bowel syndrome because they're cheap.  This is not a good reason to recommend a medication, rather than trying to figure out the cause of IBS and then treating that.  This is because the research that Dr. Pimentel has conducted and published for the last 26 years that demonstrates that SIBO is the main cause of IBS has still not been fully accepted by the GI community.  6:36  Food poisoning is the cause of about 60% of cases of IBS-D and there is now enough research data to prove this.  The bacteria that cause food poisoning, whether it be E. coli or Campylobacter or Shigella or Salmonella secrete an endotoxin--Cytolethal Distending Toxin (CDT) and specifically the B version of CTD--CDTB--that leads to SIBO/IBS.  The immune system reacts to the CDTB and those anti-CDTB antibodies end up cross reacting with a structural protein in the intestinal wall called Vinculin.  Thus the immune system is attacking the body, an auto-immune reaction.  This leads to damage of the nerves that control the intestinal cleansing waves, which leads to a buildup of the bacteria in the small intestine (SIBO).  These small intestinal cleansing waves are peristaltic waves that are occur when you haven't eaten for more than 3 or 4 hours, which help to clear out excess bacteria.  These cleansing waves are caused by the deep muscular plexus-interstitial cells of Cajal.  Dr. Pimentel has developed a second generation test that measures antibodies to CDTB and to vinculin via blood testing that is extremely accurate, the IBS Smart test from Gemelli Biotech.  25:37  Methane SIBO (IMO) does not appear to be caused by food poisoning.  By paralyzing the gut in the case of hydrogen and hydrogen sulfide SIBO, this can lead to diarrhea. In the case of methane, this causes the gut to hypercontract and this overcontraction of the gut muscles leads to constipation. 29:33  In a study published in 2020 Dr. Pimentel's group showed that a lactulose breath test--not a glucose breath test--and using the 90 minute cutoff of more than 20 parts per million increase in hydrogen it correlated well with the bacteria in the gut seen in culture and the hydrogen-producing enzyme machinery in the small intestine was elevated.  This shows that the hydrogen is being produced in the small intestine and not in the colon. (Leite G, Morales W, Weitsman S, Celly S, Parodi G, Mathur R, Barlow GM, Sedighi R, Millan MJV, Rezaie A, Pimentel M. The duodenal microbiome is altered in small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. PLoS One. 2020 Jul 9;15(7):e0234906.)

This episode features a conversation with Dr. Louise Francois Watkins and Dr. Naeemah Logan from the CDC. They join the podcast to talk about extensively drug resistant Shigella (XDR). What is Shigella? How is it transmitted? What makes it an XDR? Tune in to find out. Resources:Health Alert Network (HAN) - 00486 | Increase in Extensively Drug-Resistant Shigellosis in the United States (cdc.gov)Webinar Tuesday, February 28, 2023 - Epidemiology, Testing, and Management of Extensively Drug-Resistant Shigellosis (cdc.gov)Information for Healthcare Professionals | Shigella – Shigellosis | CDCHealth Promotion Materials | Shigella – Shigellosis | CDC

In this podcast, we explore the topic of Shigella, a type of bacteria that can cause severe diarrhea and other gastrointestinal symptoms. Dr. Rai discusses the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for this bacterial infection, as well as the broader implications of Shigella in terms of public health and disease control.As part of our discussion, we look to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for their insights on the topic. The CDC has identified Shigella as a significant public health concern, especially in low- and middle-income countries where access to clean water and sanitation is limited.Our expert guest Dr. Rai provides insights into the CDC's recommendations for preventing the spread of Shigella, including good hand hygiene, safe food handling practices, and proper sanitation. We also discuss the CDC's efforts to track and monitor cases of Shigella through their national surveillance programs.Throughout the podcast, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of Shigella, incorporating the latest research and guidance from the CDC. Whether you are a healthcare professional, a researcher, or simply someone looking to learn more about this bacterial infection, this podcast has something for everyone. So tune in, and join us on this informative journey into the world of Shigella.

Depuis quelques mois, les autorités sanitaires suivent de très près l'évolution d'une infection typique des pays pauvres ou en voie de développement, qui connaissent des concentrations de population élevées avec des pratiques d'hygiène vétustes. Si la shigellose, infection aigue de l'intestin grêle, est courante en Afrique et en Amérique centrale, elle était jusqu'à récemment plutôt rare en Europe. Cependant, depuis janvier 2022, les foyers de shigellose se multiplient sur le continent, notamment au Royaume-Uni, en Irlande et en France.Comment se manifeste la shigellose ? Quels sont ses symptômes et son mode de transmission ? Et pourquoi l'OMS surveille-t-elle activement l'évolution de cette maladie endémique ?Qu'est-ce que la shigellose ?Cette maladie infectieuse aussi appelée dysenterie bacillaire est due à la présence d'une bactérie de type Shigella qui se propage et se développe dans l'intestin grêle. Les bactéries provoquent des abcès au niveau de l'intestin et perturbent le transit, ce qui occasionne des diarrhées souvent accompagnées de sang et de mucus.Il s'agit d'une maladie endémique des pays pauvres, c'est-à-dire qu'elle existe habituellement dans les pays sous-développés, du fait de mauvaises conditions sanitaires. En effet, la contamination par une bactérie Shigella a lieu principalement par voie féco-orale. Des matières fécales sont mises en contact avec la bouche, en général à cause d'un manque d'hygiène et notamment d'une insuffisance de lavage des mains.Est-ce que la shigellose est dangereuse ?Sur les plus de 160 millions de cas relevés chaque année, on dénombre environ 200 000 décès. La shigellose est rarement mortelle chez l'adulte en bonne santé, mais elle peut toucher les jeunes enfants et s'avérer beaucoup plus dangereuse pour eux. Parmi les 200 000 décès relevés, 65 000 concernent des enfants de moins de 5 ans. La déshydratation rapide liée à la diarrhée peut conduire au décès des très jeunes enfants dans la première semaine qui suit l'apparition des symptômes.Pourquoi l'OMS s'inquiète de la prévalence de la shigellose en Europe ?Au début de l'année 2022, l'OMS relevait un nombre anormalement élevé de cas de shigellose dans des pays habituellement peu touchés par la maladie. Le Royaume-Uni, par exemple, a dénombré plusieurs cas de shigellose chez des hommes adultes n'ayant pas forcément voyagé dans un pays étranger les semaines précédentes. Comme la bactérie se transmet par voie fécale, les hommes homosexuels ou transsexuels ayant des rapports de nature anale sont plus à risque d'être contaminés.En France, entre 2020 et 2022, 16 cas de shigellose ont été reportés. Le problème, c'est que ces cas concernent des souches résistantes aux antibiotiques, donc difficiles à traiter. D'une façon générale, les bactéries de type Shigella ont évolué ces dernières années et se montrent de plus en plus résistantes aux traitements par antibiothérapie. L'OMS et les autorités sanitaires internationales craignent donc une augmentation des cas de shigellose au sein des populations européennes, qui pourrait mettre en danger la vie des jeunes enfants contaminés.Si la situation actuelle n'est pas alarmante, l'OMS continue à surveiller de près l'évolution des foyers de shigellose. Elle recommande aussi aux personnes ayant des rapports sexuels anaux d'utiliser des préservatifs et de redoubler de vigueur en ce qui concerne les pratiques d'hygiène. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Depuis quelques mois, les autorités sanitaires suivent de très près l'évolution d'une infection typique des pays pauvres ou en voie de développement, qui connaissent des concentrations de population élevées avec des pratiques d'hygiène vétustes. Si la shigellose, infection aigue de l'intestin grêle, est courante en Afrique et en Amérique centrale, elle était jusqu'à récemment plutôt rare en Europe. Cependant, depuis janvier 2022, les foyers de shigellose se multiplient sur le continent, notamment au Royaume-Uni, en Irlande et en France. Comment se manifeste la shigellose ? Quels sont ses symptômes et son mode de transmission ? Et pourquoi l'OMS surveille-t-elle activement l'évolution de cette maladie endémique ? Qu'est-ce que la shigellose ? Cette maladie infectieuse aussi appelée dysenterie bacillaire est due à la présence d'une bactérie de type Shigella qui se propage et se développe dans l'intestin grêle. Les bactéries provoquent des abcès au niveau de l'intestin et perturbent le transit, ce qui occasionne des diarrhées souvent accompagnées de sang et de mucus. Il s'agit d'une maladie endémique des pays pauvres, c'est-à-dire qu'elle existe habituellement dans les pays sous-développés, du fait de mauvaises conditions sanitaires. En effet, la contamination par une bactérie Shigella a lieu principalement par voie féco-orale. Des matières fécales sont mises en contact avec la bouche, en général à cause d'un manque d'hygiène et notamment d'une insuffisance de lavage des mains. Est-ce que la shigellose est dangereuse ? Sur les plus de 160 millions de cas relevés chaque année, on dénombre environ 200 000 décès. La shigellose est rarement mortelle chez l'adulte en bonne santé, mais elle peut toucher les jeunes enfants et s'avérer beaucoup plus dangereuse pour eux. Parmi les 200 000 décès relevés, 65 000 concernent des enfants de moins de 5 ans. La déshydratation rapide liée à la diarrhée peut conduire au décès des très jeunes enfants dans la première semaine qui suit l'apparition des symptômes. Pourquoi l'OMS s'inquiète de la prévalence de la shigellose en Europe ? Au début de l'année 2022, l'OMS relevait un nombre anormalement élevé de cas de shigellose dans des pays habituellement peu touchés par la maladie. Le Royaume-Uni, par exemple, a dénombré plusieurs cas de shigellose chez des hommes adultes n'ayant pas forcément voyagé dans un pays étranger les semaines précédentes. Comme la bactérie se transmet par voie fécale, les hommes homosexuels ou transsexuels ayant des rapports de nature anale sont plus à risque d'être contaminés. En France, entre 2020 et 2022, 16 cas de shigellose ont été reportés. Le problème, c'est que ces cas concernent des souches résistantes aux antibiotiques, donc difficiles à traiter. D'une façon générale, les bactéries de type Shigella ont évolué ces dernières années et se montrent de plus en plus résistantes aux traitements par antibiothérapie. L'OMS et les autorités sanitaires internationales craignent donc une augmentation des cas de shigellose au sein des populations européennes, qui pourrait mettre en danger la vie des jeunes enfants contaminés. Si la situation actuelle n'est pas alarmante, l'OMS continue à surveiller de près l'évolution des foyers de shigellose. Elle recommande aussi aux personnes ayant des rapports sexuels anaux d'utiliser des préservatifs et de redoubler de vigueur en ce qui concerne les pratiques d'hygiène. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.23.533139v1?rss=1 Authors: Cocom-Chan, B., Khakzad, H., Valencia-Gallardo, C., Zarrouk, Y., Tran Van Nhieu, G. Abstract: Vinculin is a component of focal adhesions strengthening integrin receptors association to the actin cytoskeleton during mechanotransduction. While vinculin activation leading to its association with actin filaments has been particularly studied, the role and mechanism of vinculin oligomerization remain unclear. The Shigella IpaA effector binds to vinculin to promote efficient bacterial invasion of host cells. Unlike canonical activating ligand, IpaA interacts with the vinculin subdomains D1 and D2 via its three Vinculin Binding Sites (VBSs), promoting major allosteric changes leading to D1D2 domain-mediated trimerization. Here, we built on structural models of allosteric conformers of D1D2:IpaA complexes to design mutations and analyzed their effects on IpaA-induced trimer formation using native gel shift assays. We show that charge inversions, mutations affecting polar interactions at residues in D1D2 interfacing IpaA VBS3 and targeting a distal putative coiled-coil motif in D2 reduced the rates of D1D2 trimer formation. Introduction of these mutations in full-length vinculin led to a decrease in the number and size of focal adhesions, with distinct elongated focal adhesions associated with the coiled-coil mutation. These findings suggest that IpaA hijacks a cell endogenous head-domain mediated vinculin oligomerization process involved in the maturation of focal adhesion. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

KFI's Tech Reporter Rich DeMuro joins the show for 'Tech Tuesday'! Apple has launched a new color of the iPhone for spring and also unveiled a new feature for those looking to buy their iPhone's online. Americans don't get enough sleep according to your Apple Watch. And Samsung's moon photos might be too good to be true. Dr. Jim Keany, Co-Director of the ER at Mission Hospital in Mission Viejo comes on for some Medical News. It's Colon Cancer Awareness Month and more young people are getting colorectal cancer; doctors can't seem to figure out why. Also, he and Wayne talk about drug-resistant shigella. And vasectomies are even safer than reported!

Dr. Jim Keany, Co-Director of the ER at Mission Hospital in Mission Viejo joins Wayne Resnick, who's in for Bill, on The Bill Handel Show for some Medical News. It's Colon Cancer Awareness Month and more young people are getting colorectal cancer; doctors can't seem to figure out why. Also, he and Wayne talk about drug-resistant shigella. And vasectomies are even safer than reported!

Big Dipper and Meatball catch up about Meatball's trip to New York, her viral portrayal of George Santos, and Dipper's night out at the Queerties. And some political chat about the awful anti-drag law in Tennessee and the hypocrisy of the Republican Party. Plus they listen to a ton of voicemails, talk about Shigella, Korean BBQ, and STI scares. Listen to Sloppy Seconds Ad-Free AND One Day Early on MOM Plus Call us with your sex stories at 213-536-9180! Or e-mail us at sloppysecondspod@gmail.com FOLLOW SLOPPY SECONDS FOLLOW BIG DIPPER FOLLOW MEATBALL SLOPPY SECONDS IS A FOREVER DOG AND MOGULS OF MEDIA (M.O.M.) PODCAST Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On a new TAGSPODCAST aka Talk About Gay Sex podcast, Host Steve V. is joined by Co-hosts Lincoln and Kodi Maurice Doggette are back with all new hot topics, gay sex topics and advice!To include or not to include the plus sign regarding LGBTQ or LGBTQ+The new Pornhub documentary on NetflixExpanding 'Don't Say Gay' to prevent the use of pronouns K-12 and education relating to sexual orientation and sexual identityAdvice to listener: "Am I too loose?"Shigella and drug resistant relating to eating ass...Daddy issues? Do you mind being called 'Daddy'?Remote kissing device..Follow us on IG: @tagspodcastFollow Steve V. on IG: @iam_stevevFollow Protein Bakery on IG: @proteinbakeryFollow Lincoln on IG: @madlincolnFollow Kodi's Life Coaching on IG: @kmdcoachingFollow Kodi on IG: @mistahmauriceTAGSPODCAST is Sponsored by Better Help. Get 10% Off your first month. Visit: BetterHelp.com/tagsRo.Co/tags for 20% offGet 20% Off plus Free Shipping Worldwide with Code: TAGSPOD Manscaped.comWanna drop a weekly or one time tip to TAGSPODCAST - Show your love for the show and support TAGS!Visit our website: tagspodcast.comNeeds some advice for a sex or relationship conundrum? Ask TAGS! DM US ON IG or https://www.talkaboutgaysex.com/contactSupport this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/talk-about-gay-sex-tagspodcast/exclusive-contentAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

Hour 1 of The Drew Mariani Show on 3-6-23 Dr. Bob Tiballi tells us about how Shigella bacterial infections have become drug resistant in some cases Dr. Jay Bhattacharya takes a look at a COVID commission to find best practices in pandemics

What in the Shigella is going on?

Kevzara approved for polymyalgia rheumatica; Skyclarys approved for Friedreich ataxia; Emergency authorization granted to at-home COVID-19, flu test; Drug-resistant bacteria virus spiking in the US; FDA clamps down on unlawful xylazine imports.

The CDC is warning the public about a drug-resistent stomach bug called Shigella. What is it? How common is it? How do you contract it? And if drugs don't work, how do you cure it? Dr. Browne answers all our questions. Plus, he touched on an FBI theory that covid spread from a lab in China. And he shared his recommendation for an FDA recommended RSV vaccine for the elderly.  IMAGE CREDIT:  iStock / Getty Images Plus

On Friday, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported a concerning rise in Shigella XDR cases. The strain, a multidrug-resistant variant of Shigella, has been detected in 5 percent of cases noted by the CDC in 2022 – compared to 2015 when none were reported. Advertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

CBS News Medical Contributor Dr. David Agus joined WCBS' Steve Scott to explain the details on this nasty bug.PHOTO: Number of Gram-negative Escherichia coli bacteria of the strain O157:H7, revealed in the 6836x magnified scanning electron microscopic (SEM) image, 2006. Image courtesy Centers for Disease Control (CDC) / National Escherichia, Shigella, Vibrio Reference Unit at CDC. (Photo by Smith Collection/Gado/Getty Images)

A dangerous winter storm hits Southern California, unleashing tornadoes as it heads East. Meteorologist Chad Myers joins to track the severe weather threat. Plus, there's growing concern that China may be ready to provide weapons to Russia. Could it be a game changer on the battlefields in Ukraine? And, House Republicans plot a probe into the Biden administration's handling of the toxic train disaster in East Palestine, Ohio.Also this morning: a Texas judge will decide the fate of an abortion pill used by millions, Twitter's latest jobs cuts leaves fewer than 2,000 employees, historic wins for “Everything Everywhere All At Once” at the SAG awards, SpaceX scrubs its launch to the International Space Station, the CDC warns of an increase in drug resistant bacteria “Shigella”, and hundreds of papers drop “Dilbert” from their comic strip section following a racist rant from the creator. To learn more about how CNN protects listener privacy, visit cnn.com/privacy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

After decades on a vegetarian/pescatarian diet and then six years of strict veganism, Coach James' health went off a cliff. Adding animal foods back into his diet saved his life. He saw drastic improvements in mental and physical health. Book a session with Coach James: https://carnivore.diet/product/james-l/ Coach James on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/the_carnivorist/ Timestamps: 00:00 Trailer 00:42 Introduction 01:19 Eating standard American diet 02:41 Going vegetarian 04:53 Health declining 06:34 Bleeding in digestive tract, anxiety, depression 08:49 Rowing 10:44 Shigella infection 13:08 Body's B-12 stores depleting 15:55 Vegan documentaries 18:45 Lights coming back on when vegans start eating meat again 21:02 Body pain, brain fog 23:06 Suboptimal health on veganism 24:27 Cleansing on the carnivore diet 27:02 Satiety on the carnivore diet 29:07 Protein on a vegan diet 30:54 Veganism in Bermuda 33:29 Being skinny fat on the vegan diet 35:20 Role of meat in human evolution 36:47 Please don't go vegan 38:52 Yul Brynner's death 40:25 Inspiration to take up exercise again 42:56 A day of eating 44:16 Cattle in Bermuda 45:50 Fish on the carnivore diet 47:36 Getting bored eating steak everyday 48:49 Making carnivore chips 51:28 Where to find James See open positions at Revero: https://jobs.lever.co/Revero/ Join Carnivore Diet for a free 30 day trial: https://carnivore.diet/join/ Book a Carnivore Coach: https://carnivore.diet/book-a-coach/ Carnivore Shirts: https://merch.carnivore.diet Subscribe to our Newsletter: https://carnivore.diet/subscribe/ . ‪#revero #shawnbaker #Carnivorediet #MeatHeals #HealthCreation   #humanfood #AnimalBased #ZeroCarb #DietCoach  #FatAdapted #Carnivore #sugarfree  ‪

La muerte de dos hombres en Berazategui, tras consumir carne y achuras, generó alarmas y dudas en la sociedad. Los estudios realizados en las heces de las víctimas fatales arrojaron la presencia de salmonella y shigella en sus organismos, bacterias que se alojan en el intestino y provocan intoxicaciones conocidas como salmonelosis y shigelosis. La salmonella puede estar presente en la carne vacuna y de pollo; pescados y camarones; frutas y verduras lavadas incorrectamente y en los huevos. ¡Escuchá el informe de la Dra. Cahn en #Perros2023! --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/urbanaplayfm/message

3.04 Gram Negative Bacteria   Microbiology review for the USMLE Step 1 Exam.   Gram negative bacteria are characterized by a thin cell wall surrounded by a lipid outer membrane They do not retain the violet gram stain and appear pink after staining Gram negative bacteria can be classified by shape: cocci, coccobacilli, bacilli, and spirals Gram negative cocci include Neisseria species, which can be further categorized as maltose fermenters or non maltose fermenters Gram negative coccobacilli include: Bordetella pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae, Pasteurella, Francisella tularensis, Brucella, and Acinetobacter Gram negative bacilli can be divided into lactose fermenting and non lactose fermenting categories Lactose fermenting gram negative bacilli include: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, and Serratia Non lactose fermenting gram negative bacilli can be further divided into oxidase positive and oxidase negative Oxidase positive non lactose fermenting gram negative bacilli include Pseudomonas Oxidase negative non lactose fermenting gram negative bacilli include Shigella, Yersinia, and Salmonella Gram negative spirals can be divided into oxidase positive and oxidase negative categories Oxidase positive gram negative spirals include Vibrio species, Helicobacter pylori, and Campylobacter jejuni Oxidase negative gram negative spirals include Borrelia burgdorferi (cause of lyme disease) and Treponema pallidum (cause of syphilis)

Welcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is: Stop Thinking about FTX. Think About Getting Zika Instead., published by jeberts on November 14, 2022 on The Effective Altruism Forum. (Or about getting malaria, or hepatitis C (see below), or another exciting disease in an artisanal, curated list of trials in the UK, Canada, and US by 1Day Sooner.) Hi! My name is Jake. I got dysentery as part of a human challenge trial for a vaccine against Shigella, a group of bacteria that are the primary cause of dysentery globally. I quite literally shtposted through it on Twitter and earned fifteen minutes of Internet fame. I now work for 1Day Sooner, which was founded as an advocacy group in early 2020 for Covid-19 human challenge trials. (Who knew dysentery could lead to a career change?) 1Day is also involved in a range of other things, including pandemic preparedness policy and getting hepatitis C challenge trials off the ground. What I want to focus on right now is Zika. Specifically, I want to convince people assigned female at birth aged 18-40 in the DC-Baltimore/DMV area reading this post to take a few minutes to consider signing up for screening for the first-ever human challenge trial for Zika virus (ZIKV) at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore. Even if you fall outside that category, I figure this might be something interesting to ponder over, and probably less stressful than the cryptocurrency debacle that shall not be named. 1Day Sooner is not compensated in any way by the study/Hopkins for this, nor do I/we represent the study in any official sense. I happen to have become very fascinated by this one in particular because it represents how challenge trials can be used for pandemic prevention with comparatively few resources. This post is meant to inform you of the study with a bit more detail from an EA perspective, but does not supplant information provided by the study staff. (If you're a DMV male like me bummed you can't take part, ask me about current or upcoming malaria vaccine and monoclonal antibody trials taking place at the University of Maryland — I'll be screening next week! If you're not in the DMV or otherwise just can't do anything for Zika or malaria, you can still sign up for our volunteer base and newsletter, which will help you keep tabs on future studies. Something we're very excited about is the emerging push for hepatitis C challenge studies, see the link above.) Zika 101 Zika is a mainly mosquito-borne disease that has been known since 1947 — The 2015-2016 western hemisphere epidemic showed that Zika could cause grave birth defects (congenital Zika syndrome, CZS) — The disease is very mild in adults at present The Zika virus (ZIKV) was discovered in the Zika forest of Uganda in 1947, and a few years later, we learned it could cause what was universally assumed to be extremely mild disease in humans. The 2015-16 Zika epidemic that started in South America, and which was particularly severe in Brazil, proved otherwise. This is when it became clear that Zika was linked to horrific birth defects. Zika has since earned its place on the WHO priority pathogen list. To briefly review the basics of Zika: The Zika virus is a flavivirus, in the same family as dengue fever, yellow fever, and Chikungunya, among others. Flaviviruses are RNA viruses, which generally lack genomic proofreading ability and are thus more prone to mutation. Zika infection sometimes causes Zika fever, though asymptomatic cases are very common. Zika fever is usually very, very mild, and direct deaths are extremely rare. Zika is much more of a concern if you are pregnant — in about 7% of infections during pregnancy, the virus infects a fetus and causes serious, even fatal, birth defects. These defects, which most frequently include microcephaly, are referred to as congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). Zika is also thought to increase t...

Dr. Louis Francescutti, a University of Alberta public health professor and emergency physician at the Royal Alexandra Hospital and Northeast Community Health Centre. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Barbara Allan is the author of book called Conquering Arthritis and the person behind her website with the same name. She has an incredible story of an 11 year battle with arthritis and she spent 2 and a half years incapacitated in a wheel chair unable to move and in chronic pain. The last time she was on the show we talked a lot about her story, and how she used food to help heal her gut and over time get on top of the pain in her joints and all over her body. It's truly a remarkable story and one that you should share with your friends to spread the message of hope and healing. Since last time we focused on foods, allergies, sensitivities, supplements healing the gut and topics related to the physical, this time we wanted to focus on the spiritual side of healing. I believe all disease is caused by some imbalance in the spiritual, energetic or emotional field. I think that's the true root of all diseases. If we can get to the bottom of what's happening on the emotional spiritual level, I think that's where you'll find the true deep healing. We love Barbara's approach because it's not one sided. It focuses on intention and living your purpose and in particular meditation and living in peace and mindfulness. Obviously it's much easier said than done but in this show we talked about some meditation techniques to help get at the root cause of arthritis (whether you're talking about reactive, rheumatoid or osteo) We talked about different types of meditations and how they can help to alleviate and even reverse the symptoms of arthritis. The amount of natural healing tools and alternative health options these days, is remarkable. The entire world is at your fingertips with a simple Google search! We hope you enjoyed the show! :) Please pass it on to your friends to spread the message of hope! Sponsors For This Episode: BioAge Superfoods - Get 10% Off Your Order With Code JUSTIN We hope you enjoyed our interview with Barbara Allan as much as we did and if you did would you consider clicking "like" and "share" on this page to let your friends and family know about the work he is doing? Kate and I would greatly appreciate that! :) Show Notes For This Episode: The Q-Laser Healing System BioAge Superfoods Good Morning Good Evening Qigong The Vitamix Commercial Blender Edgar Cayce - see books The Tibeten Book of Living and Dying Vipassana Meditation Thich Nhat Hanh - see books Shinzen Young - see books Eckhart Tolle - see books Conquering Arthritis Free Guide for EHR listeners Grow Your Own Food Summit Drew Canole from Fit Life TV - see course Commercials During This Episode: Commercial #1 The Q-Laser Healing System Commercial #2 BioAge Superfoods Commercial #3 Good Morning Good Evening Qigong Commercial #4 The Vitamix Commercial Blender Find Extreme Health Radio On: [include file=showpage-itunes-soundcloud-stitcher.html] Please Subscribe: Subscribe To Our Radio Show For Updates! Other Shows: [include file=show-links.html] Listen to other shows with this guest. Show Date: Thursday 7/19/2014 Show Guest: Barbara Allan Guest Info: At age 25 Barbara Allan became one of the over 9.1 million people in the United States with an autoimmune-type arthritis. Her arthritis was triggered by a bout of bacterial dysentery caused by eating food tainted with a bacterium called Shigella. She was on vacation at the time. Reactive arthritis was the name given to her condition. In many respects, it is very similar to rheumatoid arthritis. In fact, she eventually got well using methods proven to work for rheumatoid arthritis. The onset of her arthritis was about 6 weeks after the dysentery. The arthritis came on very suddenly and left her in chronic, overwhelming pain that often made it difficult to walk even a few steps without passing out. Sometimes the pain was so bad that she was incapable of rational thought,

Join Jame and Callum as they discuss the two titans of diarrhoea, Salmonella and Shigella. Who knew Salmonella species were so complex? Jame explains something that will SHOCK you about Shigella (maybe).Review of Salmonella: Shu-Kee Eng, Priyia Pusparajah, Nurul-Syakima Ab Mutalib, Hooi-Leng Ser, Kok-Gan Chan & Learn-Han Lee (2015) Salmonella: A review on pathogenesis, epidemiology and antibiotic resistance, Frontiers in Life Science, 8:3, 284-293, DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2015.1051243Original article on Edinburgh S. Typhi outbreak investigation https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2130034/pdf/jhyg00084-0045.pdf

This episode: A phage both kills bacterial pathogens and selects for reduced virulence! Download Episode (6.3 MB, 9.9 minutes) Show notes: Microbe of the episode: Helminthosporium victoriae 145S virus   News item   Takeaways Using bacteria-killing viruses to treat bacterial infections, or phage therapy, can be a good alternative to antibiotics in some situations when there are no effective antibiotics for a particular infection. But bacteria can evolve resistance to phages as well as antibiotics, often with little cost to their fitness. In this study, a phage not only could treat an infection by attacking the bacteria, but the bacterial hosts that do evolve resistance to the phage do so by getting rid of certain structures that help them to cause more serious infection. Thus, therapy with this phage may both reduce the bacterial load and also make those remaining less virulent.   Journal Paper: Kortright KE, Done RE, Chan BK, Souza V, Turner PE. 2022. Selection for Phage Resistance Reduces Virulence of Shigella flexneri. Appl Environ Microbiol 88:e01514-21. Other interesting stories: Plastic-eating bacteria could produce biodegradable plastic Harmless variant of acne bacteria could help prevent more serious skin infection   Email questions or comments to bacteriofiles at gmail dot com. Thanks for listening! Subscribe: Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Android, or RSS. Support the show at Patreon, or check out the show at Twitter or Facebook.

Join Jame and Callum and they discuss some of the other Enterobacterales Gram negatives. Particularly breaking down them into their families and into Lactose fermenters and non-fermenters. Jame has a small breakdown around our Twitter handle near the end.Comments suggestions and criticisms to idiotspodcasting@gmail.com or @IDiots_pod Some lists:Chromosomal AmpC Carriers (high-risk): HECK YES·         Hafnia alvei, Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella aerogenes, Yersinia enterocoliticaLower Risk Chromosomal AMPC: Vulgar Providencia Store AMPC·         Proteus Vulgaris, Providencia, Serratia, Acinetobacter, Morganella, Providencia Intrinsic Colistin Resistance: ·         Burkholderia cepacia (Nonfermenter), Proteus, Providencia, Serratia Biochemical mimics of Salmonella (also can group)·         Hafnia, Morganella,Proteus Cat 3 organisms: ·         Salmonella typhi/paratyphi, Shigella dysenteriae type 1, E.coli O157, Yersinia PestisSome useful resources:SMI ID 16: identification of Enterobacteriaceaehttps://www.gov.uk/government/publications/smi-id-16-identification-of-enterobacteriaceae Janda JM, Abbott SL. 2021. The changing face of the family Enterobacteriaceae (order: “Enterobacterales”): new members, taxonomic issues, geographic expansion, and new diseases and disease syndromes. Clin Microbiol Rev 34:e00174-20. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00174-20 

In this episode, we review the high-yield topic of Shigella dysenteriae from the Microbiology section. Follow Medbullets on social media: Facebook: www.facebook.com/medbullets Instagram: www.instagram.com/medbulletsofficial Twitter: www.twitter.com/medbulletsIn this episode --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/medbulletsstep1/message

Well, a day of fun in the sun turned into torment for several vacationers at a Kansas water park. 27 people were sickened after playing on a splash pad that was contaminated with fecal matter, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found. The outbreak involved fecal-borne pathogens shigella bacteria and norovirus. Shigella bacteria causes an infection called shigellosis, which causes bloody diarrhea, fevers, stomach pain and the physical urge for a bowel movement even when the gut is empty. And this disgusting episode inspired the boys in the back to jam with 90's sensation, Tag Team. Listen to Lamont & Tonelli Monday through Friday, 5-10am, on 107.7 The Bone in the San Francisco Bay Area. Follow Lamont & Tonelli:Website: http://www.landtradio.com/Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/lamontandtonelliTwitter: http://www.twitter.com/landtshowInstagram: http://www.instagram.com/landtshowSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Well, a day of fun in the sun turned into torment for several vacationers at a Kansas water park. 27 people were sickened after playing on a splash pad that was contaminated with fecal matter, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found. The outbreak involved fecal-borne pathogens shigella bacteria and norovirus. Shigella bacteria causes an infection called shigellosis, which causes bloody diarrhea, fevers, stomach pain and the physical urge for a bowel movement even when the gut is empty. And this disgusting episode inspired the boys in the back to jam with 90's sensation, Tag Team. Listen to Lamont & Tonelli Monday through Friday, 5-10am, on 107.7 The Bone in the San Francisco Bay Area. Follow Lamont & Tonelli:Website: http://www.landtradio.com/Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/lamontandtonelliTwitter: http://www.twitter.com/landtshowInstagram: http://www.instagram.com/landtshowSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

On episode #7 of the Infectious Disease Puscast, Daniel and Sara review the infectious disease literature for the previous two weeks, 7/7/22 – 7/20/22. Hosts: Daniel Griffin and Sara Dong Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of Puscast! Links for this episode Frequent detection of monkeypox virus DNA in saliva, semen, and other clinical samples from 12 patients (Eurosurveillance)  The impact of churn on HIV outcomes in the southern United States (OFID) Health Advisory: Recent Reports of PeV in the US (CDC) Cytomegalovirus viremia as risk factor for mortality in HIV-associated meningitis (International Journal of Infectious Diseases) Ghana declares its first outbreak of Marburg virus disease (BMJ) Case series of children with acute hepatitis and human adenovirus (NEJM) Pharmacokinetic variability of vancomycin in meningitis patients (Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics) Association of vancomycin plus piperacillin in critically ill adults (Intensive Care Medicine) Comparison of Sequential Dalbavancin to SOC treatment for bloodstream infections (OFID) Outbreak of sexually transmitted drug resistant Shigella sonnei in the UK (Lancet ID) Listeria illness and deaths associated with ongoing contamination of ice cream products (CID) Antibiotics for preventing recurrent uninary tract infections (OFID) Congenital tuberculosis after In-vitro fertilization (CID) Enhancing diagnostics in orthopedic infections (Journal of Clinical Microbiology) Screening for ocular finding among patients with candidemia (CDC) Effects of day-to-day variation of Opisthorchis viverrini antigen in urine (PLOS ONE) Disposable versus reusable medical gowns (The American Journal of Infection Control) Music by Ronald Jenkees

Roger Reaves, a microbiologist at the University of Minnesota, continues his discussion of diffractometers and riels. This time, he covers what you need to know if you want to use these tools to study bacteria.

On #TheUpdate this Wednesday, western nations are promising more and more advanced arms to bolster Ukraine's defense as its troops battled a grinding Russian offensive that was closing in on capturing a key city in the east. Germany says it will supply Ukraine with modern anti-aircraft missiles and radar systems.

Hello, this is your daily dose of news from Onmanorama. Tune in to get updated about the major news stories of the day.

Welcome back folx! This week's episode is brought to you by ONE condoms, the first ever condom brand to acquire FDA approval for anal sex. To learn more, visit www.onecondoms.comMax starts us off with some STD awareness...Shigella is on the rise. Watch out, this historic bacteria has found a new pathologized route of infection. What sounds like a quirky line out of an Austin Powers movie is actually a large concern among sexual minority groups, even more concerning is that medical practice hasn't caught up with the new pathology or its targeted demographic. Tracee regales us with the most awkward things lovers have heard from their partners the morning after a one night stand. Some of these are quite... well.... unbelievable. Max and Tracee both relive their one night stand experiences and of course, never fail to bring you only the best profiles and craigslist ads. Full list of sources for today's episode is on www.whateverijdm.com/sources and our amazing sponsors (without whom we could not continue to bring you FREE content) are at www.whateverijdm.com/our-sponsors Get your curated Babe Box today, Babes!Support the show

Episode 11 - In this episode, we discuss a medical student that sends out an inappropriate tweet and we give our thoughts on medical students tweeting. We also discuss a man who voluntarily drinks a smoothie containing Shigella toxin...and if you don't know what that is, you will after this! We briefly mention the Wim-Hof breathing method, talk about Joe Biden's plan on student loan forgiveness, and then Jim quizzes us on Veterinary medicine to end the episode.

De WHO waarschuwt: de shigella-bacterie is bezig aan een opmars in Europa. Vooral mannen die seks hebben met andere mannen lopen risico. Harriette van Buel van GGD IJsselland vertelt over de situatie in Nederland. Van Herman van Rossum is een gedichtenbundel verschenen: Aan de man. In de bundel staat een selectie van de gedichten die hij de afgelopen twintig jaar schreef.

Having loose stool and wondering if it's a parasite, stomach flu or a chronic disease such as IBS? Learn about diarrhea and loose stool and the causes and solutions for common functional digestive problems. Find out the connection between diarrhea, loose stool and IBS, SIBO, Candida, IBD, celiac disease, gluten intolerance, lactose intolerance, as well as supplements you can take to address some common problems. Lindsey Parsons, your host, helps clients solve gut issues and reverse autoimmune disease naturally. Take her quiz to see which stool or functional medicine test will help you find out what's wrong. She's a Certified Health Coach at High Desert Health in Tucson, Arizona. She coaches clients locally and nationwide. You can also follow Lindsey on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram or Pinterest or reach her via email at lindsey@highdeserthealthcoaching.com to set up a free 30-minute Gut Healing Breakthrough Session. Show Notes

TWiM explores the role of biofilms in infection by coronaviruses, and development of a Shigella vaccine using outer membrane vesicles derived from Salmonella Become a patron of TWiM. Links for this episode Biofilms and coronaviruses (Appl Envir Micro) Outer membrane vesicle vaccine (Appl Envir Micro) TWiM Listener survey

One afternoon, you're at work when your stomach starts cramping, and you make a run for the bathroom. You make it just in time! This happens several more times before you finally decide to go home. You don't really become concerned until you notice there's blood in your stool. You go to the doctor, and he suspects you might be infected with shigella. What is this? How serious is it? What do you need to do to get rid of it?

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from a drink where the bartender has handled lemon slices with their bare hands. Don - not risky

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from a drink where the bartender has handled lemon slices with their bare hands.Dr. Don - not risky

Eric Rieger  0:00  Hello gut check project fans and KB MD health family. I hope you're having a great day. It is now time for episode number 58. And of course we got an awesome guest. It's Dr. Sabine Hasan, who is she a world renowned research gastroenterologist, she is based in California, and she is an expert in faecal microbial transplants, FMT trusted it fast. I couldn't do it. Anyhow FMT. So essentially you're taking healthy poop from a healthy person, and using that microbiome that's inside of there to be transplanted into somebody else who may not be doing so well and could have all kinds of disease etc. Regardless, she's at the forefront of finding real solutions that can be accepted by our bodies to make us better make us well even help you lose weight. That's right. Could poop because somebody else's poop Have you lose weight, and earmuffs in case you have any young kids in the car, but she wrote a book and it's called let's talk shit, although the AI is upside down like a exclamation point. So regardless, let's get to her interview. And well first got to pay the bills though of course brought to you by artron to artron to get your daily polyphenols that are Tron teal.com or just go to love my tummy calm get your daily polyphenols. That's right. Developed by my partner, Dr. Kenneth Brown, gastroenterologist, these polyphenols are terrific for you. Whether you having digestive issues, maybe you have symptoms that are similar to those of IBS. Or you're just an athlete and you want to be your best artron to love my tummy.com use code. gut check and save I believe 20% Next, of course, unrefined bakery they've been a longtime supporter, unrefined bakery.com excellent, incredible food, regardless of your specialty diet that's unrefined bakery.com if you are keto, paleo or vegan, they've got it in that is desserts breads, etc. pie crust yeah pie crust, do you think that you are gluten free or celiac disease and you can't have pie crust, unrefined bakery.com use code gut check and save 20% off of your entire first order delivered to all of the lower 48 states and last but not least go to KB Md health.com to get your very own KB MD health CBD and Brock elite which has severe veins or ultra until you can get the signature package from Dr. cans Brown. kb Md health.com. Now it is time for oh I'm sorry, KB Md health.com. Use code GCP to save 20% off of any order. Now it's time for episode number 58. Dr. Sabine HasanKen Brown  3:03  Hey, what's up everybody? Welcome to Episode 58 of the gut check project. Ooh, today's a really, really cool one. We have Dr. Sabine Hasan, who will be our very first gastroenterologist as a guest. So I'm a gastroenterologist, but she's way smarter than I am and does all kinds of really cool stuff on read. What's that? Cool stuff? Yes. Cool stuff. Indeed. It's awesome. So I put together a quick little bio for you. I apologise that I don't have your probably standard bio. So I hope I get some of this stuff, right. This is Oh, and you'll notice there's an empty seat here where my co host, Dr. Eric riegert crna, who's usually here on time. Don't do that. It'll make it blurry. It'll make it blurry. It'll get us out of focus. He almost photo bombed us. Dr. Hayes in this is Eric reser. We've already been talking and we practically had a whole podcast before this podcast. You missed it. Sorry. Oh, that'sEric Rieger  4:05  okay. Another topic that I'd like to talk about is promptness, and being on time, that's another thing that really well, apparently I wasn't very good at today.Ken Brown  4:14  So I'm really surprised. You know, what is what's interesting, and I hope it's something that we can comment later is that Eric got a round of antibiotics. And ever since then, it's so weird. He's just always late for everything, and I'm blaming it on the microbiomeUnknown Speaker  4:26  100% I think we should test this microbiome. I'll send you a kit. That's the first thing I do.Ken Brown  4:34  Alright, so Dr. Sabine Hasan is a Board Certified gastroenterologist and avid researcher. She has a thriving practice in Ventura, California, and she started her own clinical trial company 16 years ago called Ventura clinical trials, and has been principal investigator and sub investigator in over 150 clinical trials. Now you say that number but I'm in like, For, and it was exhausting. So 150 Holy cow. Alright, so during this period, she became an expert in the microbiome with an interest in cdiff. Clostridium difficile. So through this process, she became one of the world's leaders in faecal microbial transplant. And through her research and expert, and through research and experience, she realised the unmet need to dive deeper into the microbiome. And she founded progenitor biome. So she is the founder of her own company, progenitor biome. And most recently, she published a fun, easy to read book for the lay person called let's talk shit. And I got it, and I read it and I laughed a lot. And it's really good. Written in a great lay, lay person point of view. And I loved it. So Dr. Hayes, you want to talk some shit? Talk?Unknown Speaker  5:57  Let's talk shit, for sure. Oh, at least finally a podcast that's like willing to go there? Like, oh, I don't think we should talk about it. Or we should say another word. And I'm like, Are you kidding me? I've seen half the books that are out there. The Art of not giving a f EU Oh, that's number one bestseller. But let's talk shit. We can't even say the word shit. Since when is the F word more acceptable than the shit? Come on?Ken Brown  6:28  This is true. Unfortunately, I think I use the words quite frequently, both of them often. So I really do not discriminate.Unknown Speaker  6:36  I named it that way. Because too often, you know, we sugarcoat microbiome, right? We made it pretty. But I think we're entering in a world of microbiome, we got to tell the public and the consumer what it's all about. And that's why I wanted it. First of all, I thought it was funny. I mean, this is like a tough topic, right? People come to us as gi doctors, bloated, gassy symptoms of you know, bowel changes, etc. And so we hope to, we have to explain to them and how do you explain a topic like the microbiome, without, you know, a little bit of humour to digest it a little bit better? My opinion, that's what I that's why I named it. So to give it full transparency. And then the other thing was to, essentially, you know, make people smile, because there's so many jokes you could say about it.Ken Brown  7:30  I heard you on another podcast where you're exactly right. As gastroenterologist, we have no problem talking about it. But I have the same issue with patients. They're like it was so embarrassing. I don't want to discuss this. I'm like, we have to discuss this. And then that goes from that to Okay, well, as long as you're comfortable with it. Here's some pictures.Eric Rieger  7:49  Not all the time, like no pictures, please. Okay, sometimes randomly the nurses they showed up with the bag.Unknown Speaker  7:58  Field great. I mean, you know, you probably know Neil Stallman, right? Yeah. So Neil, when I was a fellow at University of Florida, and I was presenting my research on visceral hyperalgesia, which was super clean, would come to me and say, You better start getting your hands dirty, because we're going into the ship business. I said, No, please, they call me Gucci girl in the GI lab, because if it's dirty, if the colonoscopy was not clean, I was out of there. I'm like, sorry, we do the prep, come back next week. I'm not cleaning the patient, right. And then the mere mention of having to actually play with tools and putting it in there was just something I never ever thought that would even happen to me. And, um, you know, when a patient is about to die from C diff, and you tried everything from, you know, antibodies after antibiotics to, you know, clinical trials, and that was my, my path, right? I was doing clinical trials, and Neil was doing people transplants. And we met when I was doing a clinical trial on faecal material in a capsule because every time I would do a clinical trial for pharma, if the pharmaceutical product didn't work, I would do faecal transplant, because I would say, Well, you know, the patient trusted me to heal them. And whether they got placebo or the drug didn't work, it's my obligation to make sure they're fine. So I would do people transform them. And then I discovered all these things. And of course, I you know, I blame Neil in a way for stepping into this because I've stepped in fully and every day I play with it, I can tell you the first time I I was, you know, looking at collecting stools, I think I almost passed out. But then you develop you know, that survivor or that, you know, warrior mentality that you're like, I can do this, I can do this. I went into gi I'm tough and blameless goes I can do this. And that's what happened.Ken Brown  9:59  So I'm really curious about your history. Can you just give us a little background about like your family and where you came from who you're married because I find it all really interesting. Your, your past is fantastic to where you are right nowUnknown Speaker  10:13  increasing the volume. So I'm I was born in Morocco. My parents, you know, my background is pretty much a mud like Spanish background German, you name it. It's all mixed in Italian, I was happy to see on 23andme I have some Italian blood and Greek. So I'm a mutt. And essentially, my parents immigrated to Montreal, I was raised in Montreal, went to medical school in Nova Scotia. My siblings all went to McGill and wanted the McGill route. And I went down housing because I didn't want to, you know, in my family, you had to live at home if you're going to college in Montreal, but if you go to college elsewhere, then that's the only exception to moving out of the house. So I said, Okay, I'm going to Dalhousie and Dalhousie was, was fun because it was you got into the rotations of, of medicine right off. You know, from day one, you were seeing patients. So that was kind of fun for me. And then I was gonna go back to Montreal, and I had a cold and I was interviewing for positions for internal medicine and gi for internal medicine, I don't even think I was going to be a GI at the time. And I got an interview a University of Miami Jackson Memorial Hospital, and they paid for my plane tickets, because they love Canadians back then. And they paid for my hotel. So I said, Oh, free trip to Miami. And then I show up in Miami, and I'm interviewing, I'm doing the interview. And they're telling, they're showing me like a room of 10 CAT scans, and you know, just like beautiful hot. I mean, you've been I don't know, if you've been to Miami Jackson Memorial, it's it's a city in itself. And back then, I mean, we had one CAT scan and the whole country of Canada, I mean, show up in my app, and you've got like 10 CAT scans in the room, and it's like, and then they sell you on Miami, and they're like, Oh, you could live in, you know, on the beach. And then you could go to the hospital, like, I'm there. I'm coming. So I showed up. And that was during the, the world of HIV. You know, that's when HIV was really, you know, really starting and all right, I remember here I am this, you know, kid that my parents kept like in a, you know, protected and clean environment. And then I'm the move, I'm moving to Miami, and I'm dealing with, you know, HIV, like 12 HIV patients a night and patients are like throwing blood all over the walls. And you remember the, I don't know, you're probably much younger than I am. But, you know, this was this was war, right? And so, me and Neil and my colleagues from Miami, we we trained under those circumstances of patients coming and crashing from HIV, kind of what we're seeing with COVID. Right?Ken Brown  13:04  It does have some and yes, I did have that we had our aids Ward where you would have to rotate, and then you have to make sure because their CD forecasts are so low that you you know, so you didn't want to give them any microbes that could hurt them. We just didn't know back thatUnknown Speaker  13:20  you didn't know. And we were so scared, right? We were if we got pricked by a needle, we, you know, you'd hear the residents like chopping their fingers. You know, going into a room of a patient that was altered mental status and being dressed like an astronaut going into space. And I met my husband, by the way, in Jackson Memorial first day of internship. And we became best friends because we were on call together. And it wasn't like scrubs or er, although kind of, but it was kind of fun. We were together we like work hard and do call and then we'd go party after on South Beach. So we met under this circumstances, and I think some of my best friends and you know, I've been married to my husband almost 30 years. So I think that really that environment really, you know, bonded us forever The memories, my colleagues because it was really survival. And he used to joke because he used to say, you look like an astronaut going into space. Going to see these spaces are like I'm not coming because we had TB resistant TB and HIV. We had all sorts of infections in that hospital. So it was really Warzone. And at the same time, you're treating these patients that are swallowing bags of cocaine, and in condoms, right and you have to like wash the bag evacuated. So it was really it was intense. I mean, we were I was taking care of your HIV patients criminals. I mean, it was just it was a interesting times but it forms you and makes you you know, a top doctor that you can do survive, you know, helping people no matter who they are. Right. So I think that that was it was great for me. It was a great education. It was great. And then in Miami and residency, some guys said, because we were, my husband wanted to go into cardiology, and I said, Well, maybe I'll go into cardiology. And then some guy said to me, you know, we don't take an eye and I said, how's gi his gi a good feeling looks kind of fun. I mean, it's like surgery but without doing surgeries, and he said, we don't take women in gi so don't bother well. That's all it took.Ken Brown  15:40  In there on challenge taking you ripped off your space suit room is roomful of AIDS people vomiting blood me like I'm gonna do giEric Rieger  15:52  the lion You sound like you're talking shit. Let's talk shit.Unknown Speaker  15:56  So basically, yeah, and back then gi and it was actually a miracle because back then gi was like the the flexible StG where you're like, touching your like, baby, you train with that. You were still you were probably kaleidoscope. IKen Brown  16:12  am actually a few years older than you. And so I went through everything you're saying I'm 100% dead. But I will say this, you've got way more guests than I did. I interviewed at Miami. And I went I looked at the volume and what was wrong because Miami had that they had more than a bigger HIV population, tonnes of age, lots of trauma, all that stuff. And I'm like, I like the warp. So I was training in Nebraska and I just got sick of the cold. And so I just moved south, I just drew a line from California, Arizona, across and it basically Texas is like Midwest but south. So I just but Miami I was I remember thinking, Oh my gosh, if I do residency here, you're just you're just not gonna sleep.Unknown Speaker  16:53  And actually, I was sleeping because I came out. So I was a Canadian train. So we trained with like physical exams, right? you examine the patient, you actually say, oh, gallbladder problem just by doing, you know, Toby's face and percussion, etc. So, you know, it was much faster for me to take care of patients. So me and my husband used to have like, gone, you know, he would, he would come in the column. He's like, you're sleeping, I didn't sleep. And I'm like, Oh, you know, and then we would have this competition of who would discharge the patient and treat the patient the fastest. So there'd be a board. And it'd be like Hasan and Steinberg and HIV patients and I'd be like, I'm giving them this, this, this, that and that. Okay, they're fine out of the hospital one day, and then it'd be like zero. He's in 20, Steinberg and thenKen Brown  17:42  eventually he just made everybody DNR and just flowing out.Unknown Speaker  17:48  He was it was a you know, it was it. We do things for challenges, right. I mean, we do things. Why do you go into medicine? Otherwise, if it's not the treat, that's what bothered me with this whole COVID is like, was the idea of doing nothing. I the patient's having shortness of breath, oxygen, the SATs and you do nothing? I couldn't understand that mentality because you have to try.Ken Brown  18:12  So I have a feeling that this we're just going to go all over the map here. So I'm going to get right off because there's something I was super impressed that you did, you gave a lecture on COVID and ivermectin way back. So now ivermectin, now, all these things were being said, are now coming to light and going, what the heck, why don't we? Yeah. How did you realise ivermectin fairly early.Unknown Speaker  18:36  So it was I started the protocol with the hydroxychloroquine, which went completely political. And my idea was, well, makes sense, right? That's kind of like what we do with H. pylori, multiple drug combo. So I thought, well, hydroxychloroquine azithromycin would be killing the virus and then vitamin C, D and zinc would boost the microbiome, right? So in other words, you kill but you boost right? So you we we bring the balance. And so Dr. Berg when hydroxy glow. At the same time, Dr. Brody said you know what, I think ivermectin is a better solution, because he was investigating himself. And you know, Dr. Brody is the man we all follow for his leadership on faecal transplant, but also he was the one the brain behind H. pylori and triple therapy. So he was the one that said combination therapy, and he's big on combination therapy. I mean, he's used combination therapy for two patients in Parkinson's, he published on that. So, basically, for me, it was following his direction. And he said to me, you know, what we need to do ivermectin, doxycycline zinc. And I said, Yeah, but you got to add the vitamin C and vitamin D. Nothing should be done without vitamin C, and D because you're killing the virus. And in fact, the microbiome is going to tell the story, and it's going to be amazing, because I showed the data to Dr. Ayman quickly, and you know, Dr. COVID,Ken Brown  20:02  right. The Godfather of probiotics,Unknown Speaker  20:05  yes. And and by the way, he was like fantastic data. Fantastic. And he's on my paper that's coming out. So yeah. So I got I got Dr. bozkurt from Turkey. I got Dr. Brody, of course in the paper and even quickly, so and it's basically blank, blank, blank susceptible marker for COVID-19. And we know we're going to show in the microbiome why ivermectin is working. Oh, that's cool.Ken Brown  20:39  So both Eric and I are big fans of the podcast. Brett Weinstein the Dark Horse podcast. Yes. And he had the critical care doctor from New York, pa Corey. Yeah, up here. And I was just floored because, you know, like all of us. We, we there's only so many hours in the day and we do quite a bit of research and I'm and ivermectin caught me off guard. I went, I was like I was, I was behind the curve on that one. I looked back and went. How did I miss that? How did I miss ivermectin? That's why I was so impressed that you were on it right away.Unknown Speaker  21:09  Yeah. And by the way, when you see what is doing to the microbiome, it's going to be as clear as life because what happened is because I have a CR O, and I'm able to put these protocols through pipelines through the FDA. And by the way, I did it because I had enough of pharma. You know, I had enough of putting these products and then you saw with the Alzheimer study, this Alzheimer drug goes into market, and the benefits are like, you know, what's going on there. So I said, we need to have doctors lead the path for pharma. In other words, doctors come up with these solutions, and bring them to the FDA. And so I kind of started this with COVID was more of a lead to show it Look, I'm taking combination therapy, and I'm putting them through a pipeline, I wrote the protocol and I submitted to the FDA and the FDA approved it right off the bat. Then the FDA then had second thought, because they said, Well, you need to have a placebo, and I said a placebo and COVID in the middle of a pandemic. I'm like, that's like. And I said, we're in the middle of a pandemic. Rome is burning. Are you asking me to use a bucket that doesn't have water? On the fire?Ken Brown  22:30  Okay, the house is on fire. I'm going to give you a bucket. Yeah. And you're gonna get a bucket. Now go put it out. Yeah. And then walk one of those bucket was gonna have water and one's gonna have nothing makes gasoline. More than anything, because we're talking about COVID here. I mean, it's like giving a placebo is like giving gasoline.Eric Rieger  22:48  Okay, so some burning Sinan fire truck. And over here sim school bus?Unknown Speaker  22:52  Yeah. So that's basically what happened. And then I started, when I submitted these protocols, I said, Okay, find the, the placebo is going to be a vitamin. So we did vitamin versus the other thing. But what we discovered is when we started looking at the microbiome and looking at we found COVID, in the stools, whole genome sequencing presented at an american college of gastro and then it got published, took six months to get published on gut pathogen, because they couldn't believe it. Right? They were, what is this real, we had to like submit, it was sent to the who I mean, it was just too ridiculous, you know, long term time to get that paper published. And so when we started looking at the microbiome, we discovered something in the microbiome. And we discovered something in the microbiome of those that were super sick, compared to those that were not so sick, compared to those who never got COVID to begin with. But yet we're exposed to patients with COVID. So we said, Wow, if this is a susceptible marker, so it was so basically became like a susceptibility marker, right. And so we determined that if we don't know the baseline of the microbiome in a patient, and we're giving them placebo, and that person has those microbes are super high. In other words, where's your immunity in your gut, right? And your immunity at baseline is super high, and I'm giving you a sugar pill? Well, of course, it doesn't matter because you already have like super strong microbiome to survive. COVID So is it fair to compare a placebo to a person, you know, that doesn't have a good microbiome? You know, you're comparing like an athlete running a marathon to a person on a wheelchair. Unless you know, the microbiome, you're really doing placebo controlled trials useless and COVID in mind,Ken Brown  24:47  you're bringing up something that is, I mean, could be a complete game changer in how pharma would do and type of research in the future. Yes, because what we're saying what you're saying is, if You do not have. And we've discussed this kind of stuff on the on other podcasts. If you do not have a diverse microbiome, are you able to take full advantage of these medications that we believe are helping because the FDA determined that there's a safety profile on it, therefore, it goes to the second trial. And then just like you said, in phase three and four trials, you're 6% better than placebo. So because of that, it's now a $14 billion drug that got bought by a bigger company.Unknown Speaker  25:26  Yes, absolutely. And we are entering into a world of research now, that is no longer research. In my opinion, medicine is no longer an art, it's a business. And that's scary to me, because that's not why I went into medicine. I'm sure that's not why you went into medicine. We're all individuals, we should all have an individual treatment. We have the technology now, especially with what we do with Regina biome, to understand with precision, these microbes of the individual, and the future is beautiful, because it's going to be a readjustment of microbes to attain that precision medicine. We need to get there, we can't be stopped, because roadblocks is what stops innovations and stops answers. And we got to keep asking questions and say, is this is this correct? Is this safe? Why are we doing this? Why are we not? The moment we stop asking questions, we stop science, we stop research, we stop finding answers. And then in my opinion, humanity is lost. I mean, you're talking about diversity. Look at the diversity of microbes. Over the last 100 years, we've gone from diverse microbiome to now an diverse look at 1980 the rate of autism was one in 2000. Now it's one in 20. In New Jersey, something is happening in the microbiome that we have to pay attention to and is it the herbs we're giving? Is it these vitamins that are over the counter and supposedly have the vitamins right? Or is it the probiotics? Is it the right probiotics, the wrong probiotics? So I think all that we need to fine tune a little bit more.Ken Brown  27:06  fine tune is an understatement thatUnknown Speaker  27:09  sure, like people come to you and say, Doc, I want I'm on this probiotic. And you're looking at this bottle and you're shaking your head, right. Probably. Dr. Hasan,Ken Brown  27:21  have you met Kiran Krishnan from microbiome labs? Yes, yeah. Very, very, very smart microbiologist. We had him on the podcast and we discussed this exact thing about the fact do you know if it's alive, do you know that you can get a a railcar, you know, like one of those big giant crates for like $2,000. From who knows where and then anyways, we went into the whole aspect of probiotics and how easy it is to make your own probiotic. Yes, put your label on it, but you have no idea if it's gonna do that, you know, you have no idea if there's data it's gonna survive. So absolutely on the same page. bacteria in the gut that's live is dangerous, in my opinion. Yeah. And that's in your book, your offices. It's funny, because in your book, you you had a brief segment about how people in the desert when they would get I don't know, dysentery, they would eat Kagame. And Kiran brought up that exact same thing. oil based, soil based people figured out early on that somebody got sick, they would eat the camel dung, and they would get better. Yes. And you brought it up there, which was fascinating.Unknown Speaker  28:27  To the soldiers were stuck. I forget where but they they had Calera and that's how, you know, the Bedouins told them. Just eat the apples from the camel, which is really the poop from the camel, and they cure the colour all of a sudden.Ken Brown  28:45  Isn't that crazy?Unknown Speaker  28:46  I know. We're not going to go into that because I don't think people want to eat that. But I think we can understand the microbes that are play. Right. So that was my thing is we're heading up.Ken Brown  28:58  I just saw Eric trying to order a camel off Amazon. No,Eric Rieger  29:02  no, no, I've got a coupon for camel apples. Oh, that's what it is.Unknown Speaker  29:05  I already trademarked sisters of Camelot. I was in Jordan with my sisters. And we were on camels. And of course, you know, they're pooping all over. And it came to me. I said, I need to analyse the stools. So of course, I took my eye because I did bring some kids with me. And I'm taking it. I took it home and looked at it. So I said, Okay, we're starting sisters of Camelot. But we're not going to start that because I'm my plan not to make people eat pizza becauseKen Brown  29:36  of you. You're the reason why when I'm coming back from a from a country and in customs, they're like, Did you bring any animals? Do you have any food? Do you have any camel dung on you? And I'm like, why would I have Canada? No.Unknown Speaker  29:50  It was me. It was me. Actually one time my husband brought in an apple to an island and actually we got fine. I think they got the memo. They were like Dr. Hasan's come in, there's probably some microbes in there, stay away. $200 fine.Ken Brown  30:07  Alright, so we got so many things I would love to talk about. But I do want to really hone in on progen ibiam for several different reasons. Number one, I am also trying to run a different company and you know, have all this stuff, you've got a lot of stuff going on, we got a lot of similarities and how your enthusiasm and your need to keep your curiosity forces you to start other companies to sort of meet the need that you're trying to find. So can you please tell everybody what progetto biome is?Unknown Speaker  30:36  So progenitor biome is a genetic sequencing lab, what does that mean? It basically looks at the microbes, the genetics of the microbes, so the fingerprint of your microbiome, kind of like your DNA, but the DNA of all your microbes that co exist and cohabitate in your gut. It's so when I explain this, we have a choice. When we look at the microbiome to look superficially, it's kind of like scuba diving and being at the ocean, in the top of the ocean and seeing guppies or going super deep into the ocean and seeing the life and so we go super deep with every patients. So we can look superficially and do a lot of patients with that cartridge. So when we do genetic sequencing, you have to take that stool sample, which is the size of a fingernail, and then we have to tag it and do library preps are called and then we put them on these cartridges, and then essentially the cartridge we have a we have a choice, we can use the cartridge and do multiple development and see the surface. Or we can go deep, deep and use that same cartridge into the depth. So we go into the depth of the microbiome, to look at the microbes a species because that's what we want. We want species of microbes because we as doctors understand species, you know, to the rest of the for the forever the world of microbiome has been from acuities bacteroides. Right? But that's very superficial. So if you remember microbiology you go phylum class, order family, genus, species. I don't want to be at the phylum phylum is like looking at Planet Earth, right? I don't want to be at the class. That's like looking at London. I want to be almost at the family to say Mr. And Mrs. Jones, but I really want to see the species to see the kid of Mr. And Mrs. Jones, who has autism, the species tells the story, right? Because when you see mycoplasma for the first time, which is a cellular doesn't have a cell wall, and you see 40,000 sequences or 40,000 mycoplasma shapes into the microbiome. You say this kid has mycoplasma, and that's the cause of his problem. Maybe, right? Because then the next step would be, well, what is mycoplasma succeeding, and is mycoplasma. So creating something and therefore active in that patient, or it's just a dead organism? But even if it's a dead organism, why does that kid have so much relative abundance of that? So really, it's looking at the species and understanding the species yesterday, I was excited because I had a Crohn's patients. So remember, for Crohn's, I'm always looking for mycobacterium tuberculosis, right? Because that was Dr. Brody's idea. That map is the cause of Crohn's. Right? But when, but other scientists have come in and says said, well, you're sending your your sindhya and turistica is the cause of Crohn's. And then others have said, malice sees your firfer. And so you look at all that and you go Well, which one is it is a mouse, he's your first and your semi analytic as a map. So it's important to look at the species. And when you look at the species, you start going, Wow, this patient has a lot of eco lie a lot of Shigella, a lot of demopolis. There's definitely a dysbiosis there, right, because we know that these microbes have been the culprit of problems E. coli, chronic urinary tract infections, you know, Shigella, you know, all these bugs. So when you look at the species, and you see the species, and you can kind of make a correlation, it helps in the diagnosis and helps guide you with the patient. And so, to me, that's what it was basically. So that's why I started 42 clinical trials, we're actually up to 59. Now on every diseases, because it was that look, every time a patient comes in with Crohn's, we would say, Crohn's database going there, but what we discovered from the beginning with progetto biome when we looked at everyone, and that was something that made me think, you know, what's out there like you biome is not legit, because they're comparing individuals to others, but we're all different. How can we be compared? So what we so the first thing we discovered Regina biome is we're all different, which, you know, I know, you know, by common sense, right? We all have different fingerprints. How can we have the same microbiome? and Why would my microbiome that was in Jordan, B compared to someone that lives in Greece, right? Completely different microbiome. But why am I healthy with this microbiome? And this person is not healthy with down microbiome, right? That's the million dollar question. So we started noticing, well, if we are all different, how do we compare? How do we understand the microbiome, so the only thing that you can compare is really within the family. And then the other thing that you can compare is within the individual. So whenever you have a product that you want to give it, you have a patient with Crohn's, and you attain a cure. And that was my thing that I would speak about at conferences, attain a cure, understand the microbiome, right? Because if you attain a cure on the same patient, and you see the microbiome before and after the cure, you know that something changed in the microbiome, and what was it that changed that obtain the cure. And so that's basically my bath is, is looking at families. And then from there, once you have like a group of microbes that you've identified and said, Okay, well, that makes sense. This is the bugs, these are the bugs that are related with Alzheimer's, because I've improved the patient's memory. And now these bugs have disappeared. Now, let me look at other groups and see if those bugs are in those patients with Alzheimer's, and let's come up with an essay. That's a formula. So ideally, what I want is the dictionary of all the bugs with diseases.Ken Brown  36:43  Let me back that up just a little bit. First of all, it's super fascinating. And there's a lot going on here. But as the as gastroenterologist, and I know that my colleagues get this, I get second opinions. And so they'll come in, and they'll just hand me this pile. And in evitable, II, there's some sort of stool analysis. And then somebody will circle things and then say, you need to take this supplement for this, this supplement for this this supplement. And I've always just flipped it over and said, I'm sorry, just because we can analyse it doesn't necessarily mean that we need to make recommendations on this or that we can manipulate it. You're saying, just to clarify is that progen A biome your company is doing a much deeper dive and making the association with diseases, yes, with the person that comes in so that you can at least develop a trend and start to predict how or what I need to do for it.Unknown Speaker  37:43  And the other thing we did is basically we created an assay that we felt were the 25 actually 15 most important microbes for disease. And we validated that. So what does that mean? We took microbes that were cultured, we bought them, and we put them through the pipeline. And lo and behold, see this was seeded because we had the microbe. So that's validation process, right? The second thing we did is we verified the validation process. In other words, let me repeat that to sample Am I getting the same value? And then let's reproduce it right. So let's reproduce it at month one that's reproduce it by someone else, another technician takes on the same standard operating procedure of how we develop this asset. And basically, we produces the asset. So I was very vague at the beginning. And I hired a genetic sequencer, PhD physician, who is actually behind the bracket gene. And his genius, who developed the essay for me with me. And I said to him from the beginning, I said, Listen, I want to be able to give you a stool sample, and I want you to be able to reproduce the same thing. In other words, I give you my stool sample today, tomorrow, next year, it should be the same fingerprint, the same exact colours. Because if you I'm giving you a stool sample today, and in a month, I'm giving you another sample, but it's no longer the same colours, and the same fingerprint while you're comparing apples and oranges. And that was the whole problem with all these sequencing lab because I remember and again, you'll see them and I would call them because like you I was getting patients that would bring me Sue samples, and I would say what does that mean? I mean, like bacteroides in your gut, what does that mean? And I would call I would call Neon is like nothing, it's all bogus. And I know there's a whole holistic path out there that has looked into this, but you know, they have their vision but unfortunately, you know, we need to bring the holistic and we the idea that holistic healers have achieved and bring in into gi to understand it with the microbiome In my opinion, right. Bring everything that's out there and say, Okay, well, we all see this from this guy and this from this guy. Let's put it all together to say, yes, this is accurate information. This is valid, verified and reproducible data, because everything in science, you have to reproduce it right? If I do faecal transplant on a patient that's has alopecia areata, and my patient grows hair like Dr. Colleen Kelly. Then I've just reproduced Dr. Colleen Kelly's data. And I can say, Well, I did this ABCD like Dr. Kelly, and I got ABCD the same thing and my patient blue hair, right. So reproduction of validation, verification, and reproduction of data is very important in research. But, you know, the problem is just too many we live in a world where people want to just fast, fast development of products fast sell, you know, like sell a probiotic, sell this sell that. And we've stopped the research because it takes time to do research, but it doesn't have to take time to do research.Ken Brown  41:06  Where you're gonna say something? Yeah,Eric Rieger  41:07  I had a quick question is, so you've talked about the microbiome. And obviously, you've been able to look at different diseases and then figure out where they match up. And whether the same somebody it's kind of interesting to me, though, is that locally, that makeup of that microbiome, of course, is at the local level in the colon. But they've all looked at the second level and tried to map out that it also matches not just in the makeup of the microbiome, but what those post biotic metabolites would look like. So that the systemic responses are also the same to mimic what what the makeup isUnknown Speaker  41:44  absolutely an excellent point. There's so the microbiome is different at every location in the coalmine, that what we're doing is really a beginning of seeing what it's looking like at a deep level. The next step that we're going to do, and we're going to be working with a company that developed a capsule that is guided that takes a sample of Seoul, from every different locations, where we can show with precision that the stomach microbiome looks like this, the small bowel microbiome looks like this, the seachem looks like this, the transverse colon. So that's going to be coming because that with that technology, hopefully we can deliver precision microbes to those areas to achieve cures in the future. And, you know, capsule endoscopy, I was the first one Well, one of the first doctors to start using it. And that was the first time that we saw that I saw myself a parasite floating in the small bowel. That was a revelation, right? When you look at the, the sequencing of the microbiome, and you see all these microbes, and I said that I found c diff in my gut, um, you start going, Wow, this there's a mystery there that needs to be figured out. Yeah. Because the microbiome is everything. You're you're born with a lot of good microbes, you die with very little good microbes, right? You live, and then the microbes consume your body and put you back into the earth. So from the earth to the earth. I mean, we're proving that with the microbiome. So even on a and I think for me, the biggest lesson about the microbiome is really that diversity is key to life, key to health. And I was just speaking on the microbiome at a farm polyface Farm that's really big on regenerative farming. And so they believe in diversity of farming, they believe in, you know, coconut, you can't just put like avocado trees, you got to put the avocados with the blueberry trees with the tomatoes with everything. And it's the diversity that creates the beauty of the soil and the amazing, you know, matrix of microbes underneath the ground that feeds us really.Eric Rieger  43:55  So yeah, they they try to discourage monocropping now, because it will destroy the soil. They wanted, they want to switch it up. Yeah, right.Unknown Speaker  44:04  Well, you see, Amazon jungle, they tried to do that they tried to utilise things from the Amazon jungle.Ken Brown  44:11  So one more time in your book, you're you're not discussing the examples that you have in the book. But I was just thinking you had that great section on we should be doing green burials because what we're not doing is giving our microbiomes back we have micro biomes are trillions of microbiome we should give them back to the soil so that then other you know, it'll fertilise plants. We shouldn't be embalming ourselves. We shouldn't. We should be green burying and let that happen.Unknown Speaker  44:42  We should, we should. So that's what we should be doing. I have someone at the door but I'm gonna ignore them. You can go get him. You can.Eric Rieger  44:49  I am on bring him on.Ken Brown  44:51  Let's listen, we have some reach. Maybe Dr. Brody saw this and said I'm gonna fly over there and see Right or Yeah, that would be great. Do you have one quick question about progetto biome and then IUnknown Speaker  45:12  talked to Dr. Brody like every day two to three times a day times on love the man will have toKen Brown  45:19  genius I've never personally met him obviously read tonnes of his tonnes of his work even quickly I've met a tonne of times and you know he's just so nice and so approachable and everything. Quick question for you not for Dr. Hasan but to Sabine is it Sunday now you're sitting clean, it's fine. So being the how I built this aspect. So as a as somebody that built presented by him, how did you think about organising like that stuff? That's that was really intimidating to me. How do you how do you build a business?Unknown Speaker  45:51  You know, I built it basically, I just my attitude with everything in life is I just jump in, and I just expect, you know, to find something. So I basically jumped into it. I saw, you know, it was it was during the Woolsey fire, the whole backyard burned. And I was in communications with Dr. Feingold, who was the father of bacteria in anaerobic bacteria in the gut, he actually wrote the book anaerobic infections. And I was in communications with him because earlier on, I had done a faecal transplant on a patient who had Alzheimer's and he remembered his daughter's Date of Birth six months later. So to me, that was one of those, you know, and Dr. Brody likes to call it Martians. It's one of those Martians that comes in your front door and you say, wow, there's life on Mars. And so I called Dr. Feingold. And so what am I seeing? When I change the mind? Which microbe Am I seeing when I changed the microbiome in a patient with Alzheimer, and he remembers his daughter's date of birth. And Dr. Feingold said, You're seeing this bacteria that I cultured for so many years, nobody wanted to take on the study and to support it. So I'm giving you the protocol. Get yourself a next generation sequencer machine gets yourself alive, a scientist, and he showed me the path, right? He was 97 years old. And he showed me the path he gave me the paper. And then he put I put it in my Sage because I said, Well, I'm not going to start a genetic lab that's like, you know, at least a couple million. And so what happened is he passed away during the Woolsey fire, my whole backyard burns. And the family calls me and they go, Dr. Hayes, and we want to give you like all the books of our dad, and he signed all his books. So I had like, I have about 1000 books in my I picked up I took a pickup truck, and I picked up the books. My husband thought I was crazy. It's like, our house is burning. And I said, Don't worry about the house. I don't care. This is more important that this is like a seat. This is his work. I wanted to take it on. And I felt like and I felt like it was like tag you're it right. And about a month later, I started communicating with Dr. Brody because Neil had introduced us at ACG and said, oh, by the way, Sabine also cured Crohn's disease with faecal transplant. And he said, what he took my card, and then called me in December, and I said, By the way, I got the paperwork from, I got everything. And I found a couple of patents with you and Dr. feigl. You guys were communicating together those wonderful man, wonderful scientists, brilliant mind. And I said, Well, we got to continue this. And then he said, by the way, I'm working with Dr. Adams, who's publishing a data on autistic children post faecal transplant. So I said, he said, Be ready. You're gonna have the flood. This is Dr. Brody. I'm autism, I don't even know anything about autism. No way. And then next thing, you know, I start my lab. And I told my husband, I said, we're not rebuilding the backyard. I don't care about the house. I'm building a genetic sequencing lab. So he goes Sure, honey, and my if you know, my husband, my husband's a great guys, cardiologist. You know, hi, doctor. Amazing. And he's like, yeah, sure money, do whatever you want. You want to analyse shit, go for it.Unknown Speaker  49:15  I said, Okay, I'm buying a machine. So, and it was kind of at that point in my life where, you know, my, you know, you your kids are growing up and you've done the raising and they're blooming on their own and you're, you know, at that point where you say, Okay, well, what is my life mean? I'm no longer a mom. Okay, great. I'm a GI doctor, I do research for pharma. But now farmers getting into the shed business, and we don't even understand it. So I saw this light and I just said, I think this is my path. And then lo and behold, everything was just opened up. I mean, my first case of faecal transplant was a patient with metastatic melanoma. That I submitted the protocol to the FDA, the FDA thought I was crazy for wanting to put stools in a woman's body Hold on who was dying, but her haemoglobin was seven. She wasn't eating anything. She was dying. I had to fight with them to let me do it. And I saw her starting to crave chicken nuggets after the faecal transplant, the same cravings that her grandson had. So that was an open an eye opener for me. She ended up living a lot more months than she was supposed to, to to begin where she should have died within the month. But I think the faecal transplant really helped her and I think we're seeing that with, you know, MD Anderson's work with faecal transplants, and chemo, etc. So I think that was the path. I didn't really think of money because people always ask me, Well, how do you support it? How do you venture and I said, Well, let me create a nonprofit. So I created a nonprofit. And then next thing, you know, I wrote the book was shali. And, and everything, like even Shelley came to me in my office, it was just like divine intervention.Ken Brown  50:56  Shelley? Who is Shelly, I don't know her.Unknown Speaker  50:58  So Shelly is an author, she writes, you know, she writes books. And she, her husband, was a friend of mine. And we started talking, he's a pilot. And he said, you know, and I said, I need to write this book. And he goes, one is why don't you have Shelly, I'll pay you. And she puts it in the book. And she wrote, I helped Dr. Hayes and get her shit together. Because this is what happened. I gave her all my stack of papers. I said, this is chapter one. Let's start chapter one. And then she started. So as she was building, and we were building dog book. And then Dr. Brody, of course, every time we had a chapter, we're like, what do you think is that said, it's like, I like the quotes I like, you know, because he's very much into, you know, quotes and old quotes from, you know, people in the past. So we started, you know, writing. And then at the same time, I started building these protocols. And I had a team of writers that I basically, I had my, my, my main writer that I said, you know, let's start writing these protocols. And little by little, it was built, and I and Andrea showed me from day one, a patient with Crohn's disease. And he showed me the microbiome, and I changed the microbiome, I played with it with certain products like you that I believed could change the gut. And I was able to reach a cure in this kid, and I was able to see the cure in the microbiome. So before and after. And so when I saw that, I said, I have something. And then I saw see this in 17, the first 17 patients, I saw c diff, and all of them. So I said, you know, maybe we're wrong about C. diff May, and I and I actually challenged the industry, the infectious disease doctors, because I said, maybe we all have C diff, and maybe it's what we give our gut that kills off all the microbes, the diversity, that causes c diff to start succeeding, it's toxin, right? And so, you know, infectious diseases are very pragmatic. They're like, well, if you didn't call to it, then it's not there. And I can't say, Well, how do you culture a dead bacteria? How do you take a tree that's dead and expect to plant it? It doesn't work. I mean, you almost have to culture it anaerobically, right. And so I said, well, but the next generation sequencing shows the whole genetic sequence of the microbe, right? And then when we did RNA pipeline, which is the you know, so we have a bunch of pipelines when we look at microbes, right? So we actually can do a DNA pipeline that looks at our bacteria, or we can do an RNA pipeline, which looks at the bacteria reproducing. So if you see a microbe is reproducing, and you see it high in the messenger RNA pipeline, then you know that this microbe is active.Ken Brown  53:48  That that's that's a game changer. That's awesome. Yes. Nobody showed it. Nobody. Nobody's ever said that before. Because I remember mark, you know who Mark Pimentel is and cedars? Yes, I know, Mark. So I remember Mark was describing Well, when we're doing these stool studies, where basically it's like going into a neighbourhood and looking at the trash, and then making these assumptions about what's going on inside. That that's just trash is what you're looking at. Oh, the mRNA that's huge. That's big fish.Unknown Speaker  54:18  Yes. And then the metabolomes is the next step, right? Are those microbes to creating something like the sofa Vibrio in the gut, right, then we know that sofab embryo was linked with autism from Dr. Feingold. So he thought that the sofa Vibrio or Clostridium perfringens could play a role with autism. Well, when you see the sofa Vibrio in a family in one kid that has autism, and the rest of the family doesn't have autism, and don't have it, but the kid has 40% relative abundance of the sofa of embryo you don't even need to do metabolomic studies on that because you know, that there's that The problem most likely, and then that good faecal transplant would be a solution. Oh, that's, that's so cool.Ken Brown  55:06  I talk to my patients that, especially people with certain food cravings are battling their weight and stuff. And I'm like, well, it could be that you're not really it's not really you and controlled your microbiome, would you discuss briefly your two daughters? In your experience?Unknown Speaker  55:20  Yeah. So. So I took antibiotics, my young, my old, my oldest also, and, you know, I have a hard time I used to eat like, in Miami, I used to eat the whole tuna subway, and you know, would not gain a pound naito cucumber, and I get a pile. And my little one eats 5000 10,000 calories. Sometimes she'll eat like a one o'clock in the morning, the whole pizza, and then an apple pie doesn't gain weight. She's a toothpick, right. And so we looked at the family microbiome, and actually, there was a group of microbes that is potentially the obesity marker. There's also a group of markers that are potentially the cholesterol. And so this is a new world, right that we're entering. So even with Alzheimer's, we're seeing similarities in the microbiome. So we need to understand, but more important, I think, then understanding the microbes isn't is understanding the environment of the microbes. Because you saw studies when they do so we know that when we do faecal transplants, we are achieving improvement in patients, right. But you saw the studies where they remove the faecal material and they just had the liquid then they implanted it and they still got improvement, right? So something in the substance, something in the environment, the substances, I think, make a big, big difference. It's all gonna make sense to you. When you read the paper with ivermectin.Ken Brown  56:44  I'm so excited. I just I'm literally like thrilled.Unknown Speaker  56:49  Vitamin C and vitamin D, because I'm going to be writing Linus Pauling was right.Ken Brown  56:54  That's coming. I agree. With everything you said. I have a couple quick comments. Number one, your doorbell rang. And he did tell you that emotion would show up on your front doorstep that could have been, and Oh, well. And then I got a I have a I have a quick story for you. Yes, that we were interviewing a fellow. He was from Yale. And this is gonna be about eight to 10 years ago. So before faecal microbial transplant FMT was being discussed. We're out to dinner with them. I've took them to a nice steak restaurant here in here in my city. And I was asking him about his research. And he goes, Well, what we're showing is and he's talking, and the waitress was there, and she was like, This is interesting. And she was listening. And she was a little bit obese. And he goes, Well, we're taking stool from skinny mice and giving it to fat mice. And those fat mice are losing weight. And then vice versa. Right, like, no, that's so cool. Because like the first time I'd ever heard of it, he was doing the original research on this. And then the funniest thing happened. She was once again I said she was a little overweight. She looks over at this busboy who's all about six for 120 pounds. She was Bill, you are the sexiest person in this restaurant, right? Cuz he went on to say that if you live with somebody, you end up sharing the microbiome. Yeah, and she yells to this poor guy was probably like, 17. She's like, you want to move in? You want to move in? A little premature, but I don't know. Maybe she wasn't. SoUnknown Speaker  58:25  hey, you know what I do every day as a routine. I take my little one my 17 and I rub my face to her. I'm like, I want some of that microbiome on my skin. That's the best lotion right there. I mean, I don't need to put lotion on my face.Ken Brown  58:38  Your I'm scared that I'll ruin my kid's Mojo by giving them my kids,Unknown Speaker  58:46  my little one who actually is a hyper metabolizer. That's what I call her. I asked her to donate stools from me. I said, you know, your skills could be worth a lot of money, because that could cure for obesity. And I said $1,000 for one sample Scarlet. She's like, Nope, not giving it I'm not going to grab it. She's like, I'm not going to be a rat lab. Mom, she gave me one sample. That's it. That was all.Ken Brown  59:10  That's it. And this is this is not hyperbole. In your book you discuss about how the marathon runner they took his store he gave it to mice, and the mice immediately with no extra training could run 13% moreEric Rieger  59:21  than they could before. Before we publish this episode we need we need to get shit studying calm. have it ready to go?Ken Brown  59:31  Well, I will give you credit. A lot of the things that come across you do trademark it's like you'll just like call your trademark attorney and they're just trademarking everything.Unknown Speaker  59:41  Yeah. Because so yes, it's it's kind of funny because I, you know, in medicine and you know, you come up with an idea. A businessman takes an AI takes your idea and make something out of it. And then you're like, wait a minute, that was my idea how many doctors have I seen over the course of my career that have come up with cures, and a businessman came, took that cure and made it a business and the doctor now, you know, Dr. Feingold, his book is the beginning of so many pharmaceutical companies, because that was without his book. Without that foundation, none of these pharmaceutical companies, you know, existed. And, you know, the fact that he had to struggle to get money for his research and keep putting all his money into his work. It was just not okay. And so when I started this, and I started the company, I said to myself, first of all, I'm trademarking everything. And I learned from the best Dr. Brody, because he said, patent everything, trademark everything, because they will always say, somebody will take your idea and try to make something out of it. So the man is genius on multiple level. Yeah.Ken Brown  1:00:57  And the fact that you actually are doing what people don't realise is that you're going down this microbial path, a speaker microbial path. And to get these studies done, you have to file these nd eyes, these new drug sounds like that. Yes, I end that's it. Yeah, I end in Yeah. And that's, it's super expensive. And they make it they make it difficult, or maybe they do on purpose or not, I don't know. I mean, obviously, as as an investigator, where we have to deal with that a little bit with our supplement, we kind of skirt the FDA, but we still have to walk such a careful line, you want to talk science, but if you start talking too much science, then you have to file that ind andUnknown Speaker  1:01:40  and I think, you know, it's not hard to file it's not hard to do it. I think this is where doctors need to join forces because really, um, you know, we lose when we don't work together when we were in residency and internship we were collaborating together to fix you know, what happened with COVID was really sad to me because the collaboration disappeared. All of a sudden, the media is telling you how to take care of your patients, and the politicians and the whole time it was like, wait a minute, the moment the politician can tell me what the Latina does in COVID, or Rosa Yuria or fasula, bacterium, press neiti let alone they should probably spell fasula bacterium proxy, never mind what it's doing. The moment a politician can tell me that, then I will respect what they're saying or immediate person. But the reality is we're entering a world of microbes, I think we should let the people that are in the microbiome world, lead that path and lead the treatment. At the end of the day, achieve success listen to the people that achieve success. You know, those doctors on the front line that realise different methods to to meet, forget ivermectin, let's talk about others, right. kosha seen, you know, cheap solutions be that cyanide, you know, eliquis all these I think those were hints right? When when I have a patient that's oxygen saturation 73%. And I'm freaking out because the patient doesn't want to go to the hospital, but I know he's gonna die on my shift. And I don't want him to die. I'm going to do everything in my power. So I'm going to give him everything I know. And then I'm going to call, you know, my buddies. You know, Brian Tyson say, Brian, what did you do with this? And then he would say, you know what, I've this. And then Peter McCollum. What did you do on this? And so I think this is where the collaboration of physician comes into play. Because we are the ones on the front line, taking care of patients. And at the end of the day, who do you trust with your life? The doctors that guided you this way? Right. I trusted with my life. Tom perrotti. Let me Yeah,Ken Brown  1:03:50  I just want to ask a quick question on this, because I saw that you have done presentations you have submitted for different trials. You've done this, have you? A lot of the doctors that have had the guts to do this have had backlash. Did you receive any backlash from social media, from the media from anything?Unknown Speaker  1:04:07  So I'm because I'm working with the FDA oversight. And right now we're doing actually clinical trials with the Department of Defence sponsoring it, which is another product altogether? I've not had the backlash as much, I'm sure I've had backlash when I tried to advertise to get patients. You know, definitely my there were criticisms and you know, and I always try to stay under the radar as much as possible talking about treatment. I'm more the microbiome girl and I don't think anybody really knows about the microbiome and if they want to go one on one with me and start trashing me, bring it on the ship is going to be caught starting. And I call the book and in January because let's talk shit because I said Look, I couldn't be full shade or I could know my shit. But I think I know my shiftKen Brown  1:05:02  to that is awesome.Unknown Speaker  1:05:04  So we'll see. I mean, it's a it's a path. It's a, it's a discovery path. It's, it's, it needs to be done. And I think I say to people, if you stop the innovation, you're going to be the patient coming for an innovation that's not going to be happening. You know, right now we get how many patients do get probably as much as me that wants faecal transplant for Alzheimer's, for Parkinson's, for autism, etc. You can't offer it. We're not there yet.Ken Brown  1:05:31  So let me ask you this. So you've got your lab set up to do a really good job. We were doing it heavily. A guest standing for this podcast, Dr. Stuart Ackerman, him and I did a few of these super intelligent doctor, my colleague who trained in New York, we were lucky enough to steal him and bring him over about five years ago, he jumped all in on the on the faecal transplant, and he signed up, he did everything. And then like overnight, he said, Well, this was like, in between the FDA saying it's a drug and this and then he was able to get the frozen capsules. And then it was like overnight, it became cost prohibitory because something happened with the lab. And we just quit doing it because we couldn't get it approved insurance wouldn't pay it suddenly, it was super expensive. Right?Unknown Speaker  1:06:17  So that's the peer pressure and the lobbying power, right? of lobbyists that basically, and I'm gonna say it out there because I think it needs to be told, you know, there is a lobbying movement that is basically stopping these, these drugs, these, these cheap solutions. And I think we need to stop that we need to fight as physicians for that because the moment we stop, you know, trying to do what was right for the patient, faecal transplant being one of them. I think all of us that were doing faecal transplant join forces in the microbiome meeting, the Malibu microbiome meeting that you probably saw, because of the fact that we saw that our ability to help patients were being cut. We were doing, we were helping patients we were doing using a bank that was good. And that ability was cut. I think, you know, the onus is to go from that product that was sold of open biome to go to Finch, right, which is now a pharmaceutical product, then, you know, that's fine, as long as you know, the data shows that it's working, etc. But I think you know, stopping the right to try and doctors from doing faecal transplant or scaring them, you know, I still do faecal transplant, you know, who's gonna stop me? I mean, the the FDA, you know, has said you can do faecal transplant for C diff, provided you do all these things. And even if you want to do it for autism, you have to submit an ind, well, I just have to write the ind, I have to follow the protocol and follow the guidelines. Nobody's gonna stop you if you're doing things the right way.Ken Brown  1:08:03  So you don't have to wait for them to approve the ind. JustUnknown Speaker  1:08:07  wait for them to approve the ID. But for C diff, you can do faecal transplant. You just have to f

La diarrea es una enfermedad que consiste en el aumento habitual de las evacuaciones; puede ser aguda, persistente o crónica y el tratamiento antibiótico debe ser evaluado en caso de no autolimitarse. Nuestra invitada: Dra. María José Reyes Fentanes (@majo_refent), infectóloga e internista. Time stamps Introducción                                                                     00:00 Presentación de Dra. María José Reyes                        00:45 Preámbulo                                                                         03:05 Caso clínico.                                                                      03:40 Definición de diarrea aguda                                             04:10 Datos clave de la historia clínica                                      06:15 Diarreas comunes                                                             07:40 Más datos clave                                                                15:40 Estudios de extensión                                                      18:40 Pacientes inmunocomprometidos                                    23:20 Tratamiento.                                                                        27:05 Las reacciones febriles                                                       32:25 Diarrea persistente                                                              35:00 Puntos para llevar a casa                                                    38:15

In this episode, Dr’s J and Santhosh once again do a deep dive into disease, this time with an emphasis on shigella, one of the most common causes of dysentery. Along the way, they cover the choice between disease or treatment names, growth mediums, the four families of shigella, common pediatric bowel infections, medical mnemonics, moose soup, transmission, symptoms, treatments and more! So sit back and relax as we give you the runs…of commentary on this infectious disease!Sourceshttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29318984/https://sci-hub.do/https://www.asmscience.org/content/journal/ecosalplus/10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0006-2017Support Us spiritually, emotionally or financially here! Twitter: @doctorjcomedy @toshyfro Instagram: @travelmedicinepodcast Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/28uQe3cYGrTLhP6X0zyEhTFacebook: facebook.com/travelmedicinepodcast Squarespace: travelmedicinepodcast.squarespace.com Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/travelmedicinepodcast Gmail: travelmedicineinfo@gmail.com

Salmonella and Shigella species are almost made to be confused—two bacterial infections in the Enterobacteriaceae family that are spread by food and dirty conditions, cause gastroenteritis, and start with S! To make matters more confusing, they look similar on microscopy. While they are more common in developing communities, they are also seen in the United States. Here, we will give you the tools to keep these bugs and their presentations straight. After listening to this AudioBrick, you should be able to: Differentiate the microscopic and growth characteristics and habitat of Salmonella typhi, Salmonella spp other than S typhi, and Shigella. Describe the host (risk) factors, mode of transmission, and pathobiology of diseases caused by these organisms. Describe the clinical manifestations of diseases caused by these organisms. Discuss concerns of antibiotic resistance related to these organisms. You can also check out the original brick on Salmonella and Shigella. from our Microbiology collection, which is available for free. Learn more about Rx Bricks by signing up for a free USMLE-Rx account: www.usmle-rx.com You will get 5 days of full access to our Rx360+ program, including nearly 800 Rx Bricks.  After the 5-day period, you will still be able to access over 150 free bricks, including the entire collections for General Microbiology and Cellular and Molecular Biology. *** If you enjoyed this episode, we'd love for you to leave a review on Apple Podcasts.  It helps with our visibility, and the more med students (or future med students) listen to the podcast, the more we can provide to the future physicians of the world. Follow USMLE-Rx at: Facebook: www.facebook.com/usmlerx Blog: www.firstaidteam.com Twitter: https://twitter.com/firstaidteam Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/firstaidteam/ YouTube: www.youtube.com/USMLERX Learn how you can access over 150 of our bricks for FREE: https://usmlerx.wpengine.com/free-bricks/

Microbiologia médica de Murray --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/las-poderosas-celulas-nk/message

En este episodio te hablo acerca de un medio de cultivo muy importante en el laboratorio donde se pueden aislar microorganismos gram negativos a partir de diversas muestras. Además también te hablo de ¿Por qué es diferencial? y ¿Por qué es selectivo?. Espero que te guste el episodio. Dame un follow si te gusta el contenido: D Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/c/QuímicaVerap Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/quimica_verapp/?hl=es-la --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/sergio-vera9/message

Welcome back to USMLE Listen This is MICROBIOLOGY Chapter 6: Enterobacteriaceae! Whether you're on a run or driving, this is The PERFECT podcast to initiate your auditory learning for the USMLE Step 1! In this episode, it's all about USMLE-important Gram Enterobacteriacaea Important exam related information on gram-negative bacteria in the ENTEROBACTERIACEAE FAMILY which include E.coli, Klebsiella, Shigella, Yersinia, Proteus, Salmonella, Haemophilus, Gardnerella, Pasteurella, and Bacteroides. We will also go over bacterial infections caused by ANIMAL AND HUMAN BITES as well as the different bacteria that cause ENDOCARDITIS! Review EACH USMLE critical Enterobacteriaceae: Features Transmission & Predisposing Factors Pathogenesis Diseases Associated Treatment Important to Know Info! As always, you can email us at USMLElisten@gmail.com for your questions, anything you need to be cleared, or suggestions on how we can improve and initiate your auditory learning for the USMLE Step 1. Sources for USMLE LISTEN include First Aid, Osmosis, Uworld, and Kaplan study guides. This is Mark Labella, you can follow or message me on Instagram at markjlabella. See you in the next episode for your auditory learning at USMLE LISTEN!

Examining the Impact of Later High School Start Times on the Health and Academic Performance of High School Students: A Multi-Site StudyAgricultural and Human Sciences | NC State UniversityNC State Advancement - Eloise S. Cofer Family Living Lecture Series – FinishPlay Kahoot!Buncombe County, North Carolina - WikipediaFood Safety Talk 18: Bunkum! — Food Safety TalkDinah E Gore Fitness & Aquatics Center (Bolivia)Dinah E. Gore Teaching and Research Kitchens | Agricultural and Human Sciences | NC State UniversityOpinion | When Can I Get a Coronavirus Vaccine in America? - The New York TimesTesting Program Dashboard - Universitywide COVID-19 InformationPlague Inc. - Ndemic CreationsCOVID-19: When to Quarantine | CDCChapo Trap House is creating Chapo Trap House Podcast | PatreonBACARDÍ Superior Rum | White Rum | BACARDÍ USHow Aussies are getting food poisoning from takeaways they are buying from home cooks on FACEBOOK - as health authorities issue a warning | News Break(3) Raleigh-Wake Forest Buy, Sell, Trade, Free | FacebookIn Vietnam, food safety scandals feed anxiety about quality of street fare | South China Morning PostRisk factors in street food practices in developing countries: A review - ScienceDirectSalmonella and Shigella in Freshly Squeezed Orange Juice, Fresh Oranges, and Wiping Cloths Collected from Public Markets and Street Booths in Guadalajara, Mexico: Incidence and Comparison of Analytical Routes | Journal of Food Protection | Allen PressJay Levine - NC State Veterinary MedicineHome restaurant busted in Freehold – Central Jersey ArchivesImpact of non-pharmaceutical interventions for SARS-CoV-2 on norovirus outbreaks: an analysis of outbreaks reported by 9 US States | medRxivTextSniper - Capture any text from your Mac’s screenClosing Time (Semisonic song) - WikipediaDan Wilson (musician) - Wikipedia

Enterobacteriaceae--shigella --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app

Nitric Oxide; 1. Boosts your immune function, making your body better equipped to fight off foreign pathogens 2. Has powerful antibacterial potential18 in and of itself — In vitro tests show it can kill most enteric pathogens within one hour. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Salmonella and Shigella are particularly susceptible to nitric oxide 3. Helps maintain physiological homeostasis — For example, in your gut, NO regulates mucosal blood flow,19 intestinal motility and the thickness of mucus 4. Plays an important role in the homeostasis of reactive oxygen species, which can have a significant impact on metabolic pathways 5. Helps suppress inflammation 6. Promotes angiogenesis, the formation of new, healthy blood vessels 7. Helps improve your physical fitness — For example, raw beets have been shown to boost stamina during exercise by as much as 16 percent  as a result of the increase in nitric oxide production 8. Improves brain neuroplasticity by improving oxygenation of the somatomotor cortex, a brain area that is often affected in the early stages of dementia 9. Helps reverse metabolic syndrome and has antidiabetic effects Sources and References: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1567-5769(01)00086-8 https://iai.asm.org/content/70/6/3130.short https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/201419 https://academic.oup.com/biomedgerontology/article/72/9/1284/2452303 https://neurosciencenews.com/aging-beetroot-exercise-6445/ https://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2019/01/14/get-nourished-with-nitrates.aspx https://www.express.co.uk/life-style/health/794297/Alzheimer-s-beetroot-juice-exercise-rejuvenate-brain https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19661447/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29972800/ --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/nutrition-point/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/nutrition-point/support

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.05.326769v1?rss=1 Authors: Midgett, C. R., Talbot, K. M., Day, J. L., Munson, G. P., Kull, F. J. Abstract: Infections caused by the gram-negative bacteria enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), Vibrio cholerae, Shigella flexneri, and Salmonella enterica are among the most common enteric pathogens and infect billions of people each year. These bacteria control expression of virulence factors using a genetic network of transcriptional regulators, some of which are modulated by small molecules as has been shown for ToxT, an AraC family member from V. cholerae. In ETEC the expression of many types of adhesive pili is dependent upon the AraC family member Rns. We present here the 3 [A] crystal structure of Rns and show it closely resembles ToxT. Furthermore, Rns contains a ligand, decanoic acid, that inhibits its activity in a manner similar to the fatty acid mediated inhibition observed for ToxT and the S. enterica homologue HilD. Rns crystallized as a dimer via an interface similar to that observed in other dimeric AraC's. Together, these results support our hypothesis that virulence controlling AraC family members are regulated by fatty acids in a common manner in a number of enteric pathogens. Furthermore, for the first time this work identifies a small molecule capable of inhibiting ETEC virulence, providing a basis for development of therapeutics against this deadly human pathogen. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

Today we'll talk about the organism that puts the *fuss* in HUS, Shigella spp. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/bradleysmicroboardreview/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/bradleysmicroboardreview/support

Gram negative bacilli - Shigella

  On this week's episode, Stacy and Sarah are updating us about mushrooms! Since our last episode, Episode 307, we've discovered so much new information on mushrooms. Sarah considers them to be another food group! Find out why on Episode 392!   If you enjoy the show, please review it on iTunes! The Paleo View (TPV), Episode 392: Are Mushrooms Really Magic? Part 2 Introduction (0:44) Stacy isn't in charge this week! Time for Sarah to nerd out! Sarah is almost done with her gut microbiome book. She thinks only 2 months before she turns it in. Now that she has all this information on the microbiome, it's now of equal importance as nutrient density. "One of the foods that I have realized needs to be its own food group, needs to be emphasized, that just doesn't get enough play in any health conscious community is mushrooms." We did an episode on mushroom extracts in episode 307, but we only scratched the surface. Now we see mushrooms as a foundational food. We'll explore why in this episode. Stacy wants to see if we can figure out why she craves mushrooms with her steak when she has PMS Sponsored Episode by Real Mushrooms (8:48) Real Mushrooms is the premier provider of organic mushroom extracts, verified for the beneficial medicinal compounds like beta-glucans and free from starchy fillers like grains. With over 40 years of mushroom growing experience, Real Mushrooms prides itself on providing a transparent source of medicinal mushrooms that you can trust. Sarah has fallen in love with their super high quality, lab tested mushroom extracts as powder or pill or chocolate! Landing Page: https://www.realmushrooms.com/lp-thepaleoview/ Deal: 25% off, no coupon needed What mushrooms are their own food group (11:41) Not a vegetable! Fungus are a different kingdom from plants. Unique phytochemicals we can’t get anywhere else: polyphenols, triterpenes. Unique fiber we can’t get anywhere else: chitin, beta-glucans, chitosan Extremely nutrient dense Uniquely beneficial for the gut microbiome (mediates health benefits) A 100-gram serving of the least impressive mushroom (the white or common mushroom), raw, contains a whopping 24% of the RDA of vitamin B2, 18% of vitamin B3, 15% of vitamin B5, 16% of copper, 13% of selenium, 9% each of phosphorous and potassium, and smaller but still impressive amounts of vitamins B1, B6, B9, C and D as well as iron, magnesium, manganese and zinc—all for only 22 calories. While we don't count calories, that's certainly nutrient dense! Phytochemicals and fiber are very important for the gut microbiome. And then the gut microbiome breaks down nutrients for us to use. Phenolic compounds (17:50) All antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and many other beneficial properties. protocatechuic acid. Studies suggest protocatechuic acid is a potent antioxidant that can reduce inflammation, protect the liver from damage, prevent cancer, protect against ulcers, and protect against cardiovascular disease, in addition to both anti-viral and anti-bacterial properties. gentisic acid. Studies suggest gentisic acid has anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic and antioxidant properties, can protect cells from damage caused by gamma radiation, can protect the liver from damage, and enhances antioxidant enzyme activity. gallic acid. Studies show that gallic acid has potent antioxidant effects, reduces inflammation, and may protect against cardiovascular disease, cancer, and infection. In fact, gallic acid may prove useful in the treatment of depression, cancer, and some types of infection. vanillic acid. Studies show that vanillic acid has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and may even act as a pain reliever. It’s also cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, anti-fungal and anti-bacterial. p-coumaric acid. Studies suggest p-coumaric acid can reduce inflammation, reduce intestinal inflammation, regulate the immune system, improve bone density, act as an antidepressant, prevent cancer, protect against kidney damage, and protect against tissue damage caused by drugs and alcohol. Cinnamic acid. Another potent antioxidant, studies suggest that cinnamic acid has antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal properties in addition to protecting against cancer and diabetes. syringic acid. Studies show that syringic acid may protect against cancer, diabetes, liver damage and lung damage. myricetin. Studies show that myricetin is a superstar thanks to its strong anti-oxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activities. It may protect against neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s, as well as cardiovascular disease, liver damage, and glaucoma. Myricetin also protects against photoaging, thrombosis, hypertention, allergies and can even act as a pain reliever! catechin. Studies show that catechins act as antioxidants but also boost the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Catechins are also anti-inflammatory and modulate the immune system, anti-bacterial, anti-cancer and can boost metabolism and promote healthy weight loss. Catechin also helps shifting the gut microbiome towards a healthy microbiome from an obese microbiome. Present when they do a fecal transplant in mice. Triterpenes (26:37) Mushrooms are also particularly rich in triterpenes (including ergosterol, ganoleucoin, ganoderic acid and pyrrole alkaloids), which have a variety of properties that are important for cancer prevention, including antiproliferative, antimetastatic, and antiangiogenic. About 80 different triterpenes have been isolated from reishi alone, some of which are known to kill hepatoma cells (liver cancer cells), to inhibit histamine release from mast cells (anti-allergic effect), to have cardioprotective effects (by modulating angiotensin) and hepatoprotective activity. Fiber (29:28) Chitin Chitin is a type of fermentable oligosaccharide fiber made of long chains of a glucose derivative called N-acetylglucosamine with amino acids attached. It can only be obtained from mushrooms and other fungi, insect exoskeletons, fish scales, and shellfish shells. In studies, chitin has been shown to support the growth of species from Bifidobacterium (including Bifidobacterium animalis), Lactobacillus, Akkermansia, and Bacteroides while also decreasing the abundance of the inflammatory microbe Desulfovibrio. In mice, chitin oligosaccharides are also able to modulate the gut microbiota to combat diet-induced metabolic syndrome in mice, inhibiting the destruction of the gut barrier, restoring the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio to what it was before high-fat feeding, and reversing the decreases in Porphyromonadaceae, Deferribacteraceae, and Coriobacteriaceae and the increases in Rhodospirillaceae, Christensenellaceae, Bacteroidaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, Verrucomicrobiaceae, and Erysipelotrichaceae induced by high-fat feeding. At the genus level, chitin fiber dramatically increased levels of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Akkermansia, and Bacteroides in these mice, while decreasing the abundance of the less favorable Desulfovibrio. In human fecal culture, chitin-glucan fiber also beneficially increases the Lactobacillus/Enterococcus ratio. Chitosan Chitosan is also composed of a long chain of N-acetylglucosamine molecules, but it also contains randomly distributed D-glucosamine molecules linked in a beta configuration. It is only naturally-occurring in the cell walls of fungi, like mushrooms. In mice, chitosan increases gut microbial diversity (along with a general increase in Bacteroidetes and a decrease in Firmicutes) and decreases levels of potentially pathogenic genera Escherichia and Shigella. In diabetic mice, chitosan has also been shown to reshape the microbiota to induce an anti-diabetic effect, relieving dysbiosis by raising levels of Akkermansia muciniphilia and suppressing the growth of Helicobacter. Beta-Glucans Glucans are polysaccharides derived from D-glucose, linked by either alpha-glycosidic bonds (making them alpha-glucans) or beta-glycosidic bonds (making them beta-glucans). Mushrooms are particularly rich sources of beta-glucans (more specifically (1-3),(1-6)-beta-glucans which are different than the (1,4)-beta-glucans in grains like oats), which feed anaerobic microbes in the gut and can significantly increase levels of, butyric and propionic acids (the second best source of beta-glucans is oats). Beta-glucans have been shown to increase levels of Roseburia, Bifidobacterium and Dialister, and in particular the species Eubacterium rectale, Roseburia faecis, and Roseburia intestinalis. In a human trial, foods rich in beta-glucan, increased levels of Roseburia hominis, Clostridiaceae (Clostridium orbiscindens and probiotic Clostridium species), and Ruminococcus species, while lowering the levels of Firmicutes and Fusobacteria were lowered. Levels of acetic, butyric, and propionic acids also increased. In vitro studies have also demonstrated that beta-glucan can boost the growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, and Bifidobacterium animalis lactis. In an extensive review of the health effects of beta-glucan, researchers concluded that this fiber’s actions upon the gut microflora, including enhancing the production of short-chain fatty acids, contributes to its anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and immune-modulating effects. FAQs (37:44) Taken all together, these unique properties found in no other food groups elevates mushrooms to their own food group! Serving size? Servings per week? Let’s look at the science! Servings are defined same way as veggies, 80-100g, one cup raw (a fist-sized amount) or 1/2 cup cooked. Cancer studies show highest magnitude of effect in relation to frequent mushrooms consumption. Many (but not all) CVD and T2D studies show null effect in context of SAD diet. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ijc.32591 Compared to participants with mushroom consumption

A discussion of common non-comma shaped enteric rods

Tudo sobre Shigella

Dr. Hailey Weerts, Walter Reed Army Hosp. - Soldier Health Not Old Better Show Food, Travel & Health, Interview Series Welcome to The Not Old Better Show, I'm Paul Vogelzang and this is episode #356. Today's show is brought to you by Travelan. As part of our Food & Travel Interview Series, today's show is for all of you, eager to learn the intricacies, details, and research behind effective prevention for travel-related diarrhea. In today's show, we'll be joined by Dr. Hailey Weerts, in her role as Research Scientist employed by The McConnell Group working in support of Walter Reed Army Institute of Research: WRAIR. Dr. Weerts is an Immunologist on a research team involved in the development and characterization of vaccines against Shigella. The team is currently engaged in the investigation of immune responses to Shigella vaccines in pre-clinical studies and human clinical trials. Today's interview with Dr. Weerts will focus on her team's research at Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, also know as WRAIR, pronounced RARE, as well as the nature of the bacteria Shigella, and it's vast impact, plus about the efficacy of Travelan, and the Immuron, maker of Travelan, technology platform. I should point out that Travelan is approved by regulatory agencies in Australia and Canada and is marketed as a dietary supplement in the US. Travelan has passed rigorous US Army tests of efficacy and treatment value. I think you'll value this interview with Dr. Hailey Weerts, and most importantly be introduced to the science and extensive research around the Travelan product. Please join me in welcoming to the Not Old Better Show, Dr. Hailey Weerts. Please check out Travelan here: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B01JOE7RGM For more information, links, resources, and details, please click here> https://www.travelanusa.com/ And, here> is a free scientific research paper on the efficacy of Travelan: https://www.immuron.com.au/assets/files/Travelan%20Scientific%20Review%20AU.pdf The Not Old Better Show, Talk About Better® https://notold-better.com

Nine billion chickens are hatched every year in the U.S. Roy Curtiss and his colleagues came up with the idea of spray vaccinations, virtually eliminating the threat of salmonella for about one penny a chick. Always interested in genetics, Curtiss began became fascinated with pathogens and and has taught about them in various fields, including biology and dentistry. He eventually became a professor of veterinary science at the University of Florida and holds almost 50 patents. TRANSCRIPT: Intro: 0:20 Inventors and their inventions. Welcome to Radio Cade, the podcast from the Cade Museum for Creativity and Invention in Gainesville, Florida. The museum is named after James Robert Cade who invented Gatorade in 1965. My name is Richard Miles. We’ll introduce you to inventors and the things that motivate them. We’ll learn about their personal stories, how their inventions work, and how their ideas get from the laboratory to the marketplace. Richard Miles: 0:37 Vaccinating chickens. No, that’s not the name of some new indie band, but it is what may be keeping us from getting sick and here to explain this morning is Dr. Roy Curtis, a professor at the University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine. Welcome, Dr. Curtis. Dr. Roy Curtiss: 0:51 Glad to be here. Richard Miles: 0:52 Okay, so it makes total sense, but I never actually have thought about giving vaccines to chickens before and I know it’s, it’s been around a while. It’s not exactly a new thing, but tell us doctor, how does it work? Giving vaccines to chickens? Do they get a lollipop afterwards and a superhero bandaid or what is going on there? Dr. Roy Curtiss: 1:09 Afraid not. There’s no reward other than staying healthy, which of course is a pretty good reward. But chickens get immunized actually before they hatch against a virus that causes cancer, which can be devastating and that’s totally controlled. And then after they come out of the shell, they’re sprayed with a vaccine that protects them against bedbugs, like salmonella or viruses like bronchitis that cause devastating problems and inhibit the growth of the chickens. So before they get to the farm, they’re already immunized and vaccinated. Richard Miles: 1:41 Yes. How did this idea come about? What’s sort of the history of figuring this out? I mean it seems obvious now, but all good inventions later on seem obvious. But before they were invented, they weren’t so obvious. So that’s why their inventions, Dr. Roy Curtiss: 1:53 That’s true. You recognize that you have viruses and bacteria that caused disease. Thirty – forty years ago. We didn’t understand what the mechanism was. So the first thing to do is to figure out how do they cause disease, how do they infect, whether it’s a chicken or us and what do they do to cause the symptoms that we get, whether it’s diarrhea or a runny nose or whatever. Once we know that we can then begin if we understand something about the genetics to modify the virus or modify the bacteria so that it no longer causes disease, but it can still invade into a host animal like a chicken or us and cause the production of an immune response. Just like kids get vaccinated against measles, mumps, they get an inactivated virus and after a few months they develop a response so that they’re no longer susceptible to infection and they’re protected for life. Which is wonderful. Richard Miles: 2:50 Let’s talk about the practical application, I guess. It’s one thing to vaccinate, say a single chicken or a couple of chickens, but how did the problem gets solved? How do you do this on a mass scale? It’s obviously doable, but who came up with this idea of doing it on a mass scale so that you’ve got chickens everywhere getting vaccines? Dr. Roy Curtiss: 3:06 One of my colleagues came up with one of the ideas of inoculating the egg before the chick hatches, what they call Inovo immunization. And my group came up with this idea of spray vaccination against the Salmonella. You have to realize we raised 9 billion chickens in the United States every year. And when they come out of the hatchery, they go into a tray of a hundred chicks and you can spray that whole box in one and a half seconds and it just goes down to like a roller thing and that each box, it goes under the spray cabinet like that, those moves on. And the next one they load them all on the truck, take them to the farm. And they do this for millions and millions of birds. Richard Miles: 3:43 So essentially an assembly line. Dr. Roy Curtiss: 3:45 It’s an assembly line and the birds are never handled by a human being. It’s all mechanical and robotics and things of this sort. And that’s why we can now raise billions of chickens. When I was a kid, if you had 10,000 chickens, you were a big operator. And nowadays if you don’t have 10 million you’re a small potato. Richard Miles: 4:04 So it sounds like this isn’t terribly expensive system to implement or is it, is this a huge investment? Dr. Roy Curtiss: 4:09 No, no. The cost of immunization of a chick by spray and then they give a second booster immunization in the drinking water at the broiler farm. After 10 days, it’s less than a penny a chick and the chicken marketed by the rotor producer is worth about a dollar 25 cents less than 1% of the cost of the final product. Richard Miles: 4:29 Tell us about how your research group came up with this idea, was there a key insight or was it just an inner process where you sort of arrived at the best solution. Dr. Roy Curtiss: 4:37 In my case, it was a situation of going to a scientific meeting in immunology and learning something about how Polio vaccine worked and then knowing some things about Salmonella, which I’d worked on for many years and then realizing I could do something with chickens, which I started to raise as a kid and put all these things together as a unified concept of figuring out how to tame the Salmonella so that could no longer cause disease but could be a safe and efficacious vaccine that would protect chickens or us from future infections with Salmonella. Richard Miles: 5:13 What was the initial reaction when you came up with this idea? Did people go, “That’s a wonderful idea,” or did people say “That’s ridiculous, it’s never gonna work?” Dr. Roy Curtiss: 5:19 Yeah, I mean, I came up with the idea and I tried to get to the research funded three different ways through the government. Fortunately through one route it worked, and from there it went on to be accepted and being worked on by many people over the world. Richard Miles: 5:34 Now you have a very creative mind, you’ve got something like 49 patents, correct? Dr. Roy Curtiss: 5:39 Yeah. That’s just the US. Several hundred in Europe and other places, Japan, China, etc. Richard Miles: 5:47 So let’s talk a little bit about, you have also a fascinating pedigree that includes a signer of the declaration of dependence, a symphony conductor, and a saloon owner. And finally you a doctor, a research doctor. So tell me about growing up in your family and what ultimately attracted you to medical research. What were your influences, or did you have role models or why did you end up the way you did? Dr. Roy Curtiss: 6:09 Well, I think it’s one of these fortuitous things. My parents decided that maybe I should get out of New York City and go upstate New York to get educated so I wouldn’t become a gang member or something. And I learned how to grow vegetables. And then that led to an interest in why tomatoes were different shapes or yellow or red or whatever. And then I got interested in chickens and started raising chickens. And at the same time I was failing as an athlete because of repetitive injuries to my ankles and whatnot. Richard Miles: 6:38 What kind of athlete? Dr. Roy Curtiss: 6:40 Well, I did football and I did skiing and I did track and I even messed up in volleyball. Richard Miles: 6:46 Where in upstate New York, were you? Dr. Roy Curtiss: 6:47 Outside of Albany in a town called Delmar, New York. And I was, had a lot of interaction with many of my grandparents and great grandparents who were mostly in the New York, Connecticut, New Jersey area. So I saw them on frequent occasion and were stimulated by their stories of their progress and that of their fathers and grandfathers and grandmothers and whatnot. Resource of a very rich family life and lots of experiences. Richard Miles: 7:13 Any other scientists in the family at all? Researchers? Dr. Roy Curtiss: 7:17 Uh, the only researcher in the family was my oldest son who had developed remote sensing when he was at Caltech, when the total spectrum of the landsat satellites and whatnot. So anyway… Richard Miles: 7:30 You have a patent competition going on. I see. Dr. Roy Curtiss: 7:33 No, he’s established a company and he’s now retired. He’s the main science advisor of it, but they started a company and they’ve got a lot of hardware up in the heavens there. So he’s doing well, having fun. Richard Miles: 7:45 So you’re up state New York. You’re learning about agriculture. And then how did you end up in Florida? Dr. Roy Curtiss: 7:50 As many people remark, I’ve been all over. All over Cornell and I started going to Cornell when I was in seventh grade visiting, and it was a slam dunk that that was where I was going to go. Although all the male members of my family went to Columbia where I was born. And then I went from Cornell to Brookhaven national lab to University of Chicago to Oak Ridge National Laboratory to University, Tennessee, then University of Alabama, Birmingham, then Washington University in Saint Louis, and then Arizona State University, and then three years ago or four years ago, somebody from Florida called me up and said, Roy, what’s the chance that we could move you and your wife to Florida? I said, what you got in mind? And so two months later we’re out of here and looking around and we’d been here many times before and loved the environment, liked all the colleagues here and move again. Richard Miles: 8:39 And so in all those places, was it veterinary science, or what was your focus. Dr. Roy Curtiss: 8:44 Oh no, I’ve been in the arts and sciences. I mean I chaired the Biology Department at Washington University. I’ve been at two national laboratories, were basic science departments. I’ve been in a medical school, I’ve been at a dental school and as I say in three arts and sciences, a sanction now a vet school. And I’ve been doing veterinary research for 30 some odd years. So this is great. I feel very much at home. Richard Miles: 9:05 Right. This is very interesting cause it’s kind of a lot of adventures that we see and that we know of have these very wide range of interests. So they’re usually highly proficient or experts in at least one field. But then beyond that they have a lot of very well developed interests. It sounds like you just studied or started teaching things that interested you and developed an expertise. Was there sort of a a grand master plan when you started out or did you just see a topic and the feeling and go that sounds interesting, I’m going to learn about it. And how did that develop? Dr. Roy Curtiss: 9:36 Two things. One, you have to be a risk taker. You have to ask questions and when you’ve come across something you know nothing about, go ahead and study it. Try to figure out a little bit more. I mean learn more. And so I moved around. I mean it was one of the first people working on modes of antibiotic resistance transmission back in the early sixties for many years I studied how bacteria exchange genetic information, how they evolve, how they establish in various ecologies. And then got interested in pathogens and the genetics of how pathogens cause disease. And then once I learned that I wanted to make vaccines to prevent the infection. So it’s a transition over many years of how you use your knowledge that you acquire and that imparted by others and put it to practical use. Richard Miles: 10:20 Ah, let’s develop that a little bit more because it’s often very good inventions or breakthrough inventions are when somebody takes an idea or an insight developed in one field of study and applies it in a different field, or they understand that it has implications in a different field. Did that ever happen in your career in which something, an insight or a lesson that you acquired in one field, you looked over at a, at another and go, “oh my gosh, I can use that same insight and this is related but different field?” Dr. Roy Curtiss: 10:46 Well, I think that my background in genetics, which goes all the way back to junior high school was key. Very few people saw the insight in how to understand various bacterial and viral pathogens from a genetic point of view. Trying to understand the expression of genetic information to lead to production of toxins or means by which a pathogen colonized, invaded was deceased. And so I asked a lot of questions and because of this, my lab discovered some of the key attributes of bacterial pathogenicity and means by which Salmonella invades, for example, temperature regulation and Shigella. We made the first gene clone bank of a pathogen, one causing dental caries tooth decay, streptococcus Mutans, which is one of the most prevalent pathogens in the world, affects maybe 95% of us. And we made fundamental studies on how that caused disease. Yeah. So dentistry has gone from pediatric dentistry to geriatric dentistry because we’ve eliminated a lot of the problems that the kids get because of the knowledge we learned about how these bacteria that cause tooth decay do so, and then we can intervene and develop strategies to prevent that. Richard Miles: 11:55 So it sounds like this fundamental understanding of pathogens and genetics really informed your approach to all sorts of… Dr. Roy Curtiss: 12:01 Everything. Everything. Richard Miles: 12:02 Fascinating. Let’s talk about the business angle. You know, we talked about this earlier, great ideas. Unfortunately don’t just sell themselves. Right. They gotta be packaged in a business model and application. That makes sense for somebody. Either retail, consumer, a business consumer or so on. Describe for me your experience with that, knowing both worlds, sort of at the research end, at the genesis of the idea, but then also as it goes to market, what are the insights you’ve gained about that process? What are some of the successes and tell us about some of the setbacks or frustrations you’ve had in that. Dr. Roy Curtiss: 12:35 Well, as we developed some of the key technologies in the late 1980s I commenced to be invited to go give talks at various universities and science meetings. But then during the next four years, I started visiting pharmaceutical companies and new biotech startup companies. Gene X, Seedis, Molecular Genetics, Genentech, etc. But also Eli Lilly and Upjohn and Smithkline, companies that don’t exist anymore actually and did so in Europe as well. And so I gave my dog and pony show. And finally in 1992 it was a race between Smithkline and Upjohn. And Upjohn got there first with a about $3 million to let us set up a company called Megan Health, which we did, in St Louis, and established it finally in 1993 and that enabled us to develop three vaccines that are out there that are now commercially marketed by either Allanco or Merck to control salmonella in chickens and swine. Richard Miles: 13:35 Did you encounter any skepticism or did you just present them with the information about what this was going to do? And they were like, “we’re on board here.” Dr. Roy Curtiss: 13:43 Well, every time you give a talk, people ask you questions. Sometimes you’ve never thought of them, and many of them dealt with safety. “You tell me you’re going to develop a vaccine and you’re gonna give this to my newborn baby.” “Yes.” Now that’s a tough sell. Sure. And so we had to do things and now the newer technologies we have, we have the salmonella on a string so that they die and explode. They lyse after about 10 days so that there’s no survivors. So it becomes totally safe. But originally there was concern that spray a lot of salmonella around. Well, how doesn’t that contaminate the environment. And what’s the impact going to be on other animals? And good questions concerned with the integrity of the environment, the safety of other animals and people who might get immunized who didn’t elect to get immunized, which is a no, no. From an ethical point of view. Right. Richard Miles: 14:36 So once you figured out the answer to those questions, as you said, all good questions, you went back and said, here’s why it’s safe and here’s why it’s not going to… Dr. Roy Curtiss: 14:45 Yes, yes. And then eventually after four years of talking to all these people, I convinced a couple of companies to say, well, okay, there may be a risk, but this is a good investment. This is a good possibility that we could enhance the safety of food if we could control salmonella in poultry. Richard Miles: 15:02 So we mentioned earlier that you’ve got something like 50 us patents and sounds like a lot more overseas. What are you working on at the moment? What is your research pointing towards? Dr. Roy Curtiss: 15:11 Well, there are two areas. One is in the area of animal health. We’re developing several other vaccines for poultry, wanting to control a disease called necrotic inner riotous, which causes a devastating disease in chickens. For years they supplied low level antibiotics to promote the growth of chickens. This is now sort of a, no, no, we’re trying to decrease that, but in so doing, we’re now getting a disease caused by clostridium perfringens. This is a bacteria that causes gangrene, which was a big problem in the first world war and our military troops and this bacteria causes real damage in the intestinal track and the chickens don’t grow well and a lot of them die. And so we got a vaccine against that, which is going through a process to be marketed in about two, three years. Hopefully. We’re making another vaccine against campylobacter jejuni, which is another diarrheal pathogen that’s transmitted from chickens to humans. And it turns out the chickens get infected with a strain of e coli that is very similar, if not identical to those that cause urinary tract infections in humans. And so we’re trying to control that. So at four different areas we’re trying to make the poultry products and other farm animal products have a safer for human consumption. But on the other hand, I work on some vaccines against human disease. My wife and I work on a vaccine against tuberculosis. We worked one on bacterial pneumonia. The vaccine for newborns that the Gates Foundation has helped to fund and a variety of other things. Richard Miles: 16:39 Do you ever sleep? Dr. Roy Curtiss: 16:41 Well, yeah. Then I wake up in the middle of the night and then I started thinking, you know, I love science. Richard Miles: 16:45 I’m feeling lazier by the minute just listening to you talk, I had no idea that eating chicken could be such as dicey proposition, but I know now that every time I eat chicken and I don’t get sick, I’m going to thank you. Dr. Roy Curtiss: 16:55 No, no. It could be that you handle the chicken properly. You know, you use clean cutting board should cook things thoroughly and we don’t eat sashimi chicken and there’s a good reason for it. Richard Miles: 17:05 But I think it’s safe to say that the work of you and your colleagues has greatly reduced the risk of serious diseases, serious conditions affecting a lot of people. Dr. Roy Curtiss: 17:14 No, actually I think there’s very little salmonella infection that comes from eggs anymore because almost every laying hen in the United States is immunized and so that’s been pretty much eliminated the last five years. Richard Miles: 17:27 Dr. Curtiss, thank you very much for joining us on the show today and I look forward to seeing your future research, sounds very promising. Glad you could be here to talk. Dr. Roy Curtiss: 17:35 Well thank you, Richard. I enjoyed it very much. Richard Miles: 17:37 Thank you. Outro: 17:39 Radio Cade would like to thank the following people for their help and support. Liz Gist of the Cade Museum for coordinating and inventor interviews. Bob McPeak of Heartwood Soundstage in downtown Gainesville, Florida for recording, editing and production of the podcasts and music theme. Tracy Collins for the composition and performance of the Radio Cade theme song featuring violinist Jacob Lawson. And special thanks to the Cade Museum for Creativity and Invention located in Gainesville, Florida.

A change of seasons means you may be sniffling, sneezing and having teary eyes. So why do our bodies sometimes cause such an over the top response to pollen? We dive into the science behind hay fever, what histamine even does for you, and how it's helping you in more ways than you realise. Plus we find out what's being done to deliver a 1,2,3 blow to Traveller's Diarrhoea.References: Alessandra Misto, Gustavo Provensi, Valentina Vozella, Maria Beatrice Passani, Daniele Piomelli. Mast Cell-Derived Histamine Regulates Liver Ketogenesis via Oleoylethanolamide Signaling. Cell Metabolism, 2018; DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.09.014 Caroline B.K. Mathiesen, Michael C. Carlsson, Stephanie Brand, Svenning Rune Möller, Manja Idorn, Per thor Straten, Anders E. Pedersen, Sally Dabelsteen, Adnan Halim, Peter Adler Würtzen, Jens Brimnes, Henrik Ipsen, Bent L. Petersen, Hans H. Wandall. Genetically engineered cell factories produce glycoengineered vaccines that target antigen-presenting cells and reduce antigen-specific T-cell reactivity. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2018; DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.07.030 Renee M. Laird, Zuchao Ma, Nelum Dorabawila, Brittany Pequegnat, Eman Omari, Yang Liu, Alexander C. Maue, Steven T. Poole, Milton Maciel, Kavyashree Satish, Christina L. Gariepy, Nina M. Schumack, Annette L. McVeigh, Frédéric Poly, Cheryl P. Ewing, Michael G. Prouty, Mario A. Monteiro, Stephen J. Savarino, Patricia Guerry. Evaluation of a conjugate vaccine platform against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), Campylobacter jejuni and Shigella. Vaccine, 2018; DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.09.052  

¡La comida está llena de bacterias! O puede estarlo, al menos. Como no queremos que nadie acabe con una gastroenteritis innecesaria, vamos a repasar las fuentes más comunes de bichos indeseados, los síntomas y por supuesto, los bichos. No se trata de amargarse, pero si podemos evitar dejar la comida al sol, y lavar todo correctamente, seguro que minimizamos riesgos. Salmonella, E. coli, Shigella, Staphylococcus... y la mitad ni tan siquiera son ellos los malos de la película, son sus toxinas, que a veces pueden resistir al cocinarlas, o incluso el cloro, pero si sabemos de dónde vienen, correremos menos peligros innecesarios.Y para mostrar al mundo que sois curiosos ¡no olvidéis pasar por http://emilcarfm.singularshirts.com/  y compartir con nosotros vuestro orgullo!Para cualquier duda o comentario, las formas de contactar conmigo son a través de Twitter @karmegd o por email a karmegd@gmail.com. Y no olvides pasarte por https://www.instagram.com/karmegd para ver las fotos que acompañan a este capítulo.También esperamos tus comentarios en https://emilcar.fm/bacteriofagos y en https://t.me/Bacteriofagos

¡La comida está llena de bacterias! O puede estarlo, al menos. Como no queremos que nadie acabe con una gastroenteritis innecesaria, vamos a repasar las fuentes más comunes de bichos indeseados, los síntomas y por supuesto, los bichos. No se trata de amargarse, pero si podemos evitar dejar la comida al sol, y lavar todo correctamente, seguro que minimizamos riesgos. Salmonella, E. coli, Shigella, Staphylococcus... y la mitad ni tan siquiera son ellos los malos de la película, son sus toxinas, que a veces pueden resistir al cocinarlas, o incluso el cloro, pero si sabemos de dónde vienen, correremos menos peligros innecesarios.Y para mostrar al mundo que sois curiosos ¡no olvidéis pasar por http://emilcarfm.singularshirts.com/  y compartir con nosotros vuestro orgullo!Para cualquier duda o comentario, las formas de contactar conmigo son a través de Twitter @karmegd o por email a karmegd@gmail.com. Y no olvides pasarte por https://www.instagram.com/karmegd para ver las fotos que acompañan a este capítulo.También esperamos tus comentarios en https://emilcar.fm/bacteriofagos y en https://t.me/Bacteriofagos

Author: Peter Bakes M.D. Educational Pearls: Some common causes of monoarticular arthritis include: crystal arthropathies (gout and pseudogout), infection (septic joint), reactive arthritis and acute presentations of chronic arthritides. Lyme disease usually presents with a targetoid lesion associated with constitutional symptoms. The common triad of symptoms associated with reactive arthritis (aka Reiter’s Syndrome) consists of conjunctivitis, urethritis, and arthritis. Reactive arthritis commonly presents with a history of  a GU infection (often chlamydia) or GI infection (Shigella, Campylobacter, Yersinia, Salmonella). It is more common in men and those between 20 and 40 years old. Treatment for reactive arthritis is usually supportive. References: www.emedicine.medscape.com/article/331347-overview

In this episode, the question of the day concerns the case of a woman with dysentery. We briefly cover high yield points on Shigella sonnei, Bacillus cereus, Giardia lamblia, Staphylococcus aureus, and Cryptosporidium parvum. The interview for today is with Kevin Pho and we discuss the uses of social media with a focus on how to use social media as a medical student, and how one might leverage it for success in medical school. This episode’s contest is a free copy of Kevin’s book “Establishing, Managing, and Protecting Your Online Reputation: A Social Media Guide for Physicians and Medical Practices.” Write a review and send a screenshot to info@insidetheboards.com for your chance to win this week’s giveaway.

Ep. 15: November 6, 2015On Today's Show:Natasha's time of the month. School lock down over stapler. Comedian Bruce Bruce. Comic-Con in San Jose. SNL protested over Donald Trump. Ben Carson is nuts. Restaurant at the center of Shigella outbreak reopens. Should Elvis do his best friend's ex?

Ep. 15: November 6, 2015 On Today’s Show: Natasha’s time of the month. School lock down over stapler. Comedian Bruce Bruce. Comic-Con in San Jose. SNL protested over Donald Trump. Ben Carson is nuts. Restaurant at the center of Shigella outbreak reopens. Should Elvis do his best friend’s ex?

CDC Shigella Link  

Private Ernest Cable was a WW1 soldier who died on 13 March 1915 and his body now lies in a communal cemetery in Wimereux, France. Records suggest that Cable was the first British soldier in WW1 to die from dysentery - an intestinal diarrhoeal infection, caused by Shigella flexneri bacteria. Today, a sample of the very Shigella which infected and killed Cable can be found at the National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), where it is helping researchers to understand the evolution of drug resistance. The NCTC is part of Public Health England's Culture Collections, which includes thousands of strains of bacteria, viruses and fungi. We spoke to Julie Russell, Head of Culture Collections, about some of the more unusual historical strains housed there, and the role that they continue to play in the fight against disease.   Image: Wimereux Communal Cemetery Image credit: Wernervc on Wikimedia Commons under CC-BY-SA-3.0

Two major reports have highlighted the impending dangers of antibiotic resistance. In the UK a government report estimated that an outbreak of a drug-resistant infection in Britain could cause up to 80,000 deaths, while in the US the CDC issued an alert about a new strain of the common Shigella bacteria that is resistant to the usual antibiotics used to treat it. New observations suggest that while the universe is still expanding, and that expansion is accelerating, it might not be accelerating as fast as previously thought. The Large Hadron Collider has been restarted after numerous upgrades have been installed. Many people use paracetamol, or acetaminophen, as a painkiller for chronic lower back pain. But new research indicates it's ineffective for back pain or osteoarthritis. And it could be doing more harm than good. A new analysis of photographs of Jupiter's moon Ganymede has found a 'bulge' on the largest moon in the solar system. The bulge is 3km high and hundreds of kilometres wide!

We discuss potential consequences of the shigella outbreak. Then, how the recession influenced school attendance. And how sympathy varies culturally.

Enterohämorrhagische E. coli (EHEC) gehören zu den wichtigen, lebensmittelassoziierten Erregern von Gastroenteritiden. Schwere Erkrankungsverläufe, wie die postinfektiöse Komplikation HUS sind bekannt und betreffen meist Kinder unter 5 Lebensjahren. Als Primärquelle gelten Wiederkäuer, in deren Gastrointestinaltrakt das natürliche Habitat von Shigatoxin-bildenden E. coli liegt. Über fäkale Kontamination von Lebensmitteln, Wasser oder auch direkten Kontakt können STEC oral vom Menschen aufgenommen werden, wobei nicht alle STEC gleich virulent sind. Manche, wie z. B. die der Serogruppen O26, O103, O111, O145 und O157 werden wesentlich häufiger bei erkrankten Menschen nachgewiesen als andere. Ziel dieser Studie war es zum einen fünf Singleplex Real-Time PCR-Systeme und ein Pentaplex Real-Time PCR-System zum Nachweis der oben genannten fünf E. coli-Serogruppen am LGL, Oberschleißheim, zu etablieren. Die in der Norm ISO/TS 13136:2012 als „hochpathogen“ eingestuften STEC-Stämme können somit anhand der dort beschriebenen Primer- und Sondensequenzen aus Probenisolaten detektiert werden. Für die Validierung wurden die Selektivität, Sensitivität, Präzision und Richtigkeit der PCR-Systeme bestimmt. Zum anderen wurden die Daten von 8272 humanen Proben (einschließlich der des EHEC O104:H4-Ausbruchs von 2011), 1521 Lebensmittelproben, 240 Tierkotproben, 69 Schlachtkörperproben und 29 Wasserproben aus den Jahren 2009 bis 2011 aus Bayern sowie die STEC-Serotypisierungsergebnisse von 09/2004 bis 12/2011 ausgewertet und beschrieben. Im Vergleich mit der gängigen Serotypisierung mittels Agglutination bietet das Real-Time PCR-Verfahren insbesondere bei großem Probenumfang einen enormen Zeitvorteil. Das Pentaplex PCR-System ermöglicht zudem eine zeitgleiche Analyse von Probenisolaten auf alle fünf Serogruppen. Alle E. coli-Stämme der Serogruppen O26, O103, O111, O145 und O157 wurden durch die PCR-Systeme korrekt nachgewiesen. Die O103-Sondensequenz wurde hierfür zuvor modifiziert. Die Spezifität der Nachweissysteme für O26, O103 und O145 lag in Bezug auf E. coli bei 100 %. Bei den Nachweissystemen für O111 und O157 zeigten auch Bakterienstämme anderer Gattungen ein positives Ergebnis in der PCR (Serratia entomophila / rfbEO157-positiv und Shigella sp. LGL 2869 / wbd1O111-positiv). Die Datenauswertung ergab unter anderem einen hohen Anteil stx-positiver Tierkot- und Schlachtkörperproben von Rindern. Die meisten stx-positiven Lebensmittel stammten von Wiederkäuern. Vereinzelt waren auch potenziell humanvirulente STEC nachzuweisen. Der Großteil der nicht-humanen Proben war weder eae- noch EhlyA-positiv, während nur ein Viertel der humanen Proben keines der beiden Gene aufwies. Bei humanen Proben dominiert die Gruppe der unter 1 bis 5-jährigen Erkrankten und Frauen sind häufiger betroffen als Männer. Die E. coli-Serogruppen O26, O103, O111, O145 und O157 gehören zu den häufigsten in Bayern und 2011 infizierten sich 47 Menschen in Bayern mit EHEC O104:H4.

Tony Maurelli is a professor of microbiology and immunology in the F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences in Bethesda, Maryland.  Dr. Maurelli’s major research interest lies in the genetics of bacterial pathogenesis – the genetic nuts and bolts of how bacteria infect humans and make us sick. Dr. Maurelli’s work has uncovered “antivirulence genes” in Shigella flexneri, a major cause of dysentery and food borne illness.  This is an interesting concept: antivirulence genes undermine pathogenicity, so they must be broken or dropped from the genome for a bacterium to take good advantage of a host and cause disease.  These genes are a hindrance, so to become an effective pathogen, Shigella must stop using them. In this interview, I talked with Dr. Maurelli about antivirulence genes, about whether the naming system for bacteria should be fixed, and about his favorite bacteria.

Spatially controlled polymerization of actin is at the origin of cell motility and is responsible for the formation of cellular protrusions like lamellipodia. The pathogens Listeria monocytogenes and Shigella flexneri, move inside the infected cells by riding on an actin tail. The actin tail is formed from highly crosslinked polymerizing actin filaments, which undergo cycles of attachment and detachment to and from the surface of bacteria. In this thesis, we formulated a simple theoretical model of actin-based motility. The physical mechanism for our model is based on the load-dependent detachment rate, the load-dependent polymerization velocity, the restoring force of attached filaments, the pushing force of detached filaments and finally on the cross-linkage and/or entanglement of the filament network. We showed that attachment and detachment of filaments to the obstacle, as well as polymerization and cross-linking of the filaments lead to spontaneous oscillations in obstacle velocity. The velocity spike amplitudes and periods given by our model are in good agreement with those observed experimentally in Listeria. In this model, elasticity and curvature of the obstacle is not included. Future modelling will yield insight into the role of curvature and elasticity in the actin-based motility. As an important prerequisite for this model, we used analytical calculations as well as extensive Monte Carlo (MC) simulations to investigate the pushing force of detached filaments. The analysis starts with calculations of the entropic force exerted by a grafted semiflexible polymer on a rigid wall. The pushing force, which is purely entropic in origin, depends on the polymer's contour length, persistence length, orientation and eventually on the distance of the grafting point from the rigid wall. We checked the validity range of our analytical results by performing extensive Monte Carlo simulations. This was done for stiff, semiflexible and flexible filaments. In this analysis, the obstacle is always assumed to be a rigid wall. In the real experimental situations, the obstacle (such as membrane) is not rigid and performs thermal fluctuations. Further analytical calculations and MC simulations are necessary to include the elasticity of the obstacle

Lance Foulis 0:01 Everybody, welcome to another bonus episode of the Lancelot roundtable. For this bonus episode, I wanted to try something new we hadn't previously done on the roundtable. Allow me to elaborate. When I was originally thinking of doing this bonus episode, I wanted it to be a review of the first season of the chosen TV series. Well, as we recorded, it turned out a bit differently than I had originally planned. So I wanted to explain three things before you listen to the episode. First thing, my special guest co-host, and I talk about reviewing the chosen throughout throughout our our talk. What actually happened during this recording wasn't really a review. Instead, I would say we just had a discussion about the chosen TV series as we recapped our thoughts and feelings for watching the first season. Second, as already stated, My original like what I was thinking about envisioning for this bonus episode was kind of a review of the entire season of the chosen TV series of the first season. Well, one episode recording for Lancelot roundtable was not even nearly enough time to do a quote review of an entire season of a TV TV series. So we we didn't even remotely get close to the end of the entire to like talking about the whole the whole first season of the chosen. And third, there are spoilers obviously in this in in our discussion of the chosen TV series. So listen at your own risk if you haven't seen it already. Now if you haven't, I really highly recommend it. So definitely, definitely take the time to go see it. Now I definitely hope that you enjoy listening to our discussion. And as always, thank you so much for taking the time to listen into the roundtable we really appreciate all of you that regularly listen in to our episodes.David Eckl 1:50 You get your paycheck today but every month you have to go to this hut stand in line and pay itLance Foulis 1:58 yeah cuz right now dude like we don't have to see how much taxes are coming out of our paycheck Yes, we just get our direct deposit and and then every time you look at your your your cheque and you're like, wait, you took how much my paycheck would have been what Hello, everybody and welcome back to land sloths roundtable. Today we have an episode where we are going to be reviewing a TV series. That TV series is called a chosen. And here to help me with that review is my good friend David eco. Dave, welcome to the roundtable. Hi,David Eckl 2:44 Lance. Happy to be here.Lance Foulis 2:45 Yeah, happy to have you man. So we are going to be doing a review of the chosen. You feel up for that.David Eckl 2:50 I am totally up for it. Sweet. One of the best. Yes,Lance Foulis 2:54 it's a fantastic fantastic series. Why don't you tell the people a little bit about yourself?David Eckl 2:59 Yeah, so Lance you and I met a couple of years ago couple couple it's I think it's been seven or eight it seems like it's been a couple but at the company we currently work for still today. I am a big apple aficionado as you well know we've already talked about that.Lance Foulis 3:15 Number eight your cubicle you had those like what was it like the original icons on the very first app or something like that?David Eckl 3:21 I had something like that a lot of Apple pictures now it's just working from home I don't have those anymore. So yeah, forget about it. But yeah, big apple time. Guy love it. love everything about it.Lance Foulis 3:33 They heard you kind of like golf toDavid Eckl 3:36 golf. Yes. Golf on the weekends in the summer is kind of my go to I really enjoy the time out on the course. My data to now has a month old, three year old. So it's a little hectic in the home. But we're making it you make it work, right? We make it work. That's for sure. There's two boys, right? Two boys, Olin and Bo and I'm really thankful for them. I love being a dad, as I'm sure you're well aware. Oh, it's fantastic. SoLance Foulis 4:06 it's I feel like it's one of the biggest challenges ever been through. But it's also one of the biggest rewards biggest adventure biggest reward? Yes. Especially when you really I feel like once we got past the infant stage. I mean, we've had this conversation before. When you're when for me personally, when I was in the infant stage, it was just lack of sleep really got to me. Yes. So once we got out of the infant stage and everybody's sleeping through the night, then it just becomes like, Oh, you're living with these little humans that have these really interesting personalities. They throw giant fits sometimes. And that's not fun, but it's still very fascinating. And then like when they do start Yeah, it's just it's very rewarding, right? challenging, but rewarding,David Eckl 4:42 right. One of my biggest things I like to say is the word bummer around the home, so bummer. Well now my three almost three year old is now walking around the house and saying Oh bummer. Yeah, when something isn't right and I'm like okay, they are little sponges.Lance Foulis 4:56 They are little sponges. They absorb everything. They watch everything they See it all? Yeah, it's kind of scary. Anyway. So today, Dave, we're going to review the chosen. I don't remember when I found out about this. I think the first season was out when I first heard about it, I think was one of our friends one of Kim's good friends. Christine, I think she messaged Kim or something because we were frustrated about, there's nothing that kids can watch. There's nothing, there's nothing good that we can watch. And then I think it was Christine who messenger on Facebook or something was like, Hey, I, you guys should just watch the chosen the kids loved our kids love the chosen and it's really good. And it's really well done. So then I found out that it was like, I'm putting this in quotes everybody a Christian show. And I personally have some thoughts about, again, Christian in quotes, content that gets created movies, right feel like you can kind of always tell when you see one of these TV shows or movies. Oh, yeah, this is this is done by one of those Christian. I don't even know what you'd call them. But with with this. So when I went in, I was like, I wasn't very excited about watching this. And I think Kim and I then watched, like the first episode, and I was literally just blown away. Everything. Everything was just spot on. The music was amazing. The acting was fantastic. And the emote, you were immediately drawn in. I just I loved it. I was hooked right away. YouDavid Eckl 6:29 Yeah, the theatrics of it. I think that's what you're looking for. There was just on point, like, it was one of those things where, especially in the day and age today, if you're not hooked from the start, or kind of get a little bit, you know, have a sense of Wow, that's good. You might not watch it past, you know, the intro or first, you know, a couple of minutes in there. 100% I think for my wife and I Katie, we're just like, wow, like, is intense. Yes, it is intense. It's kind of I like the it's a straight shot in terms of you know, what they're trying to talk about. It's not like they're trying to cover everything in one episode. It's spread out obviously over. Yep. And I really appreciated like, there's a very serious part in every thing that they're talking about. But there's also the humor. Yeah, that keeps you kind of coming back. Yes. It's funny. I really, you know, I, I watched season one and two, we watched it again. We're like, Let's go like, let's watch. Let's get to the other seasons. I know they have seven. Planning. Yeah, planning seven. So they are inLance Foulis 7:29 three right there inDavid Eckl 7:30 three. So three just got got funded, officially, the whole series, the whole series got funded. So the whole season, the whole season. So now they're going to start filming. Okay, so I'm excited. Yeah, very excited. It's actually I did have a couple of notes here that I was surprised about is actually shot in Utah. So season one into place. I knew that Utah, yeah. And they're now they moved it down to Dallas. And that's where season three and beyond will be shot. But also the cool part about it when I was reading about it, is that they're actually going to create a tourist attraction, where you can go seasonally, that's, and thanks. So I think that would be a fun kind of thing to go see how it's shot. And yeah, maybe some of the people are there that are the actors and you know, the different props and how they did it would be a cool thing to see. Yeah, take the kids 200%Lance Foulis 8:20 agree with that. I didn't know any of that. I don't even think I knew or were shot. I think I thought Season Two for some reason was in Texas, but that's probably just because I saw something about season three on Instagram because I followed the director Dallas Jenkins on Instagram. And he's always posting stuff about where they're at. And so I think I just saw something where they were in Dallas, or maybe because his name is Dallas. I thought that everything was just in Dallas. That's a good one. Oh, geez. Okay, sorry folks. We had a little bit of a technical glitch. I think the headphones I had David using are bad. And I thought I'd got rid of my bad headphones but anyway, here we are. We're back. We're back. We're live and we're recording technically not live so what I was saying is I have like this website the synopsis place so it has all of the I have episode one the different things that happened in episode one so I can kind of think through I was looking through this yesterday. I know you already have some notes, but I just thought we would start with season one. So I'm just I'm just remembering like yeah, firing it up and just immediately being like, wow, like the cinematography is good. The music's good. And I was pretty much immediately hooked. So if you can remember the episode one does a really good job of like enjoying a lot of different characters in a really interesting way. So I love how in episode one, they open with just it's it's nighttime, it's this little girl, it's her dad, there's a tent, so they don't even have like a home and she's afraid I think she You said she's afraid of the dark, essentially. And then her dad's I think he hands her the doll or she has the doll. Yep. And then he's like, What do we say? And then he, he quotes Isaiah, Isaiah 43, which says, Thus says the Lord who created you, oh, Jacob, and he who formed you, oh is real fear not for I have redeemed you, I have called you by name, you are mine. And she keeps that verse in her little doll. And then if you remember, like, immediately after that, like seeing the very next scene is essentially her dad dying of something. And then it cuts to several years later, when this little girl is all grown up, and she's in a city, and she's not having the best of times. What are your memories of of that opening?David Eckl 10:41 Yeah. So I like from the start, it seems like every single episode is a chance to say and be who is that? Like? Who like who is this little girl? And like, how many people are in the Bible? Hundreds or 1000s of people? And it's like, Wait, who is this one person? And who are they jumping in with? I do remember. I believe it was Mary. Right. And Mary, at a very young age, what we'll see in the next couple of episodes in terms of what she is going to become and then turn into but seen from the start her I don't know just innocence and who she was and just kind of like holding on to something special. I think a lot of times a lot of people have that one special thing that they kind of hold on to a doll, a bear a blanket, that being passed down to her and her holding on to that thing I feel like was just a quick kinda like, what is that? And that really from the start season one episode one like yeah, really captivates the audience and says, Okay, well, what is that? And even see, you know, the Isaiah 59 written on it. It's like, Okay, that's interesting. So, I don't know, that just kind of jumped right into it from the start for me where it's like, what is that? Yeah, kind of follow along. And every single episode that you watch really is either a flashback, or some kind of fast forward to what's going to be talked about any episode and kind of ties back to it later in the episode. So yeah, I think what we see initially we'll, we'll get to that, but we'll come back into that picture eventually.Lance Foulis 12:12 Yeah, I that's a really good way to put put it when you were saying like, how, like, a lot of times they start an episode. And you don't know, it's these new characters that you haven't seen yet. Even like in later episodes, it won't start with the characters that you've known. It'll be like a brand new character, and they're doing something you're like, What are they doing? And then, and then it clicks at some point, because they go through and they're doing what they're doing. And all of a sudden, it's like, Oh, this isn't even like Jesus's time. This is this Jacob, right? Oh, that's Jacob and his sons. Oh, that's what they're doing. And like, that's just so fascinating how they do that almost like, I think last, the TV series last was the first one that I can remember that would jump around time, like that. But yeah, like how I liked how it opens. And then it's like this little girl on you're like, I don't know who this is. She's got a dad. She's living in a tent. She has this doll. They know God. So clearly, this must be an Israelite, right? But I don't know who this is. This isn't Jesus. Because it's a little girl.David Eckl 13:13 I like it. Yeah, it for me. I think the context like it would be it would feel off if there was like a context to say, here's what this is. And here's the time. And here's the story. It gives me that sense of okay, what is this and trying to think through the entire Bible? Like, okay, what are they talking about from this first episode? Now watching it over again? I, I know what they're talking about. But it gives that kind of, okay, what is this? Exactly? And where are they in the Bible? And what is the story showing us?Lance Foulis 13:44 Yeah, it's like, it's like, it's a really interesting way to take it creatively. Because instead of, if they like, opened with a paragraph to place you where you are with who you are, instead of doing that what they're doing is they're just letting you be a fly on the wall. Right and experience what's going on and like, yeah, so I liked how they set that up. And when we say its merits, it wasn't, I mean, spoiler alert, this has been out for a while. So if you're listening to this, you know, pause it and go watch the first season or the first episode and then so we don't spoil anything for you. But the Mary that it is actually Mary Magdalene, so it's not like Mary Jesus's mom. So super interesting that that's the character that they introduced, introduced us with, it was intentional. I'll just say that it was intentional that we start with her. And then the next scene that they have here is with Nicodemus, you so you there's somebody traveling along the road, and he's wearing a nice outfit, he's got a girl, clearly his wife that he's traveling with, and he's got like priestly garments on and then Romans show up like Romans with armor and everything show up and they're basically the Romans are coming to tell him we don't know who this guy is yet, but he seems to be an importer. are in person. So the Roman guard is basically like, hey, people are fishing when they shouldn't be fishing and we're not getting taxes. Is that basically the setup? I believe so? Yeah. Because it's like, we need our taxes, and they're fishing when you people aren't supposed to do any work. And we're not getting taxes for that. So you need to, you need to make us put a stop to this. And that guy, he's a little bit like, I don't do your work, and they're like, well, you're going to anyway, so that's what I remember. Is that what you remember?David Eckl 15:26 Yeah, Nicodemus is a he's an important character in the full season one, like looking at it and really seen him from the start, you know, he is of importance with when they're riding, I believe it was horse and chariot like he is sitting like a king. And his role, what you'll see throughout the entire season one and season two, actually is is very important, but just to hear what he has to say and how he handles certain things he's getting he's got a little bit of some intrigue to him about what's going on. And understanding okay, something's something's up. Like he seems like there's something going on. And just in that early episode, and that early interaction with the Romans, something's not right. There's some something missing there that keeps intriguing you Yes. Okay. What is okay, what's going on here? Yeah. Yeah, that was a good, that was a good start. I really liked that. Start to add to see Nicodemus and what he eventually will do, and how he meets Jesus and talks to him. And that's tough. So you can kind of see right away this is kind of getting into the story of Jesus and what is going to come?Lance Foulis 16:42 Yeah, yeah, it's this show does a really good job of getting you invested not just in a singular character, but like, it sets up like a full story of like so many individual characters, and they're all very, very, very unique. Yes. And they all are drawn to this guy, Jesus, for very different reasons, yet kind of the saint, it's how they do that is really, really, really well done. And by the way, I always do this whenever I'm watching something, if I see if I see an actor, I'm like, oh, what else have I seen him in? So the guy that plays Nicodemus, his the actor's name is Erick Avari, who's actually a fairly well known actor. He was in like the first scene of Independence Day, he's the guy that wakes up and hits his head on a thing because somebody wakes him up, and he's monitoring for alien activity. First time I saw this actor was in actually Stargate. He plays like the main guy in the movie Stargate, sorry, the chief of like the locals. He's like the chief or the locals. So anyway, they got a that was that was one of the I don't think I recognized any of the other actors in this series. But I did recognize him. So I just wanted to call that out. Okay, so the next is there anything else you want to say about that scene? Good to go. Okay. All right. Then the next scene, we are introduced to Matthew, a tax collector. He's an Israelite, but he collects taxes for the Romans. And he is the actor that plays. Matthew is Paris Patel. And he's an Outstanding Actor in this role. Do you remember that? You remember that scene.David Eckl 18:19 Matthew is interesting, from the direction that he plays in this first off in the Bible, but then also in this series, just about where he comes from, and where it he is doing and how he goes about himself is interesting, because he's, he's truly unlike anyone else. Because everyone doesn't like him. Yeah. So any, we get into it with throughout the seasons, and the series is of how he kind of handles himself. But in this situation, we see him early about what he is going to be doing and what he is called to do. And I remember in kind of that first episode that Matthews just kind of, he's a little different. Yeah. And how he handles himself and seeing that i He's another one of those characters. That's like we now in been introduced to three characters already tuned. Mary, Nicodemus and Matthew, they all have this interesting type of thing to him. Yeah. And it's another one of those notches that's like, Okay, what is this and what's going on? Let's find out more about what they're about. Obviously, when you introduce a tax collector into this series, that it's going to obviously interrupt throw people off because it's someone that a lot of people don't like, and it kind of creates that maybe a bad character right off the right off the bat, like, yeah, why is this guy collecting taxes? Let's not show about him, but he was just as important to Jesus as anyone else. So yeah, it was early on he kind of get that feel for who he is and what he's gonna. What he's going to be for the for the show.Lance Foulis 19:59 Yeah. So like in the scene, he's like, on his way to his work, and he can't take a direct route, because that would put could put him at danger because like you said, a tax collector is not a very liked individual, they're collecting taxes for Rome, I think historically, they were known to, you know, maybe make people pay a little bit more than what they had to pay. And they would kind of take a little extra for themselves. So they were kind of like, despise and especially if, if you're an Israelite, which Matthew is, your all Israelites are subject under Rome right now. And he's working for, quote, the enemy. Because you're, you're under the you're under the rule of Rome, but you're your own ethnic group. And the fact that you're collecting taxes for the Romans, but you're actually an Israelite, there's, like, inherent levels of feelings of betrayal that we get into, obviously, but just the fact that he's very isolated kind of individual, he seems to like it first. But he seems to also not be happy about it. And just the nature of him not even being able to take a direct route to work and having almost smuggle himself. And then he gets there. And then that's when he has protection, because there's Roman guards there to kind of keep him safe, right, which we find out later. Well, we'll get to it.David Eckl 21:16 But even like in that's in that first scene, when he's going to work, what you see about him is he is trying to be as clean as possible. I think he thinks everyone else is dirty, you always see kind of not touching things, or just kind of being a little standoffish. And it's like, Okay, what's going on here? Like, do you not, you know, he is is or like, you not associate with these people? Yeah, because you are now the tax collector. It's, it is interesting.Lance Foulis 21:47 That just that reminds me because I think in the opening scene is when he's at his house, right? Yes. And he's like, got like a whole plate of food, like nice food, what you probably consider nice food. He's like dabbing, like, oils on himself or whatever to smell good. And then he puts on these really nice looking leather sandals, which he then proceeds to step in, poop. And then he, alright, we had a little bit of a hiccup there. I just caught it out of corner, my eye it stopped recording. So now we're recording again. So I think what I was just saying is like, this guy, Matthew, the character that we're introduced to, he's got his own. He has a backup pair of sandals. And you can kind of I got the sense that nobody says anything. But like, Oh, those are probably extra expensive sandals. These are like some Nike, you know, Jordan whatever's Yes, theyDavid Eckl 22:33 are. They are not, they are not the Old Navy $5 Summer sandal. These are not thatLance Foulis 22:40 these are not those sandals. Yeah, they're just like that these are be super expensive. And not the the average person couldn't have it. And then he goes, and he walks steps in some poop. And he immediately has a backup pair that he can replace. And there's even that character that is he gets into the back of the guy's wagon, but the character is like, Oh, you're throwing those away, because you stepped in poop, give them to me that I could sell them and feed my family for a month. He said something like that. So we can tell that Matthew is very wealthy? He has. I don't know, he has a status type job. And he's just in a comfortable type position, I guess I would sayDavid Eckl 23:15 He is very young. It's a good point of his age and might not be the wisest to make the decision will spoiler it also later on, you'll see with his parents, his parents don't agree with him being a tax collector, right at all. So I think he is a little young and immature in the fact that he chose this route for his life. Yeah. And he's kind of going about it on his own. Yeah, to figure things out.Lance Foulis 23:42 Yep. Yeah, that's good. All right. And then we go the next scene, it takes us back to Nicodemus, who has arrived at a synagogue and we basically, then it basically shows us how important he is. Because when he arrives at the synagogue, all of the people in the synagogue had been waiting for him to arrive. And basically, they start calling him like the Teacher of teachers. He's just you get a sense, like, this isn't just some random priestly guy. This isn't just some random Pharisee. Like this is somebody who's really high up there on whatever this hierarchy is. Do you have any thoughts about that scene?David Eckl 24:19 Just that you see, especially in the synagogue, you see early on the tradition and the history of what faith meant to people. And it was the history of Nicodemus being what they called him the teacher.Lance Foulis 24:34 All right, another technical issue, but we are back. Okay, we were talking you were talking about the Teacher of teachers.David Eckl 24:41 Nicodemus being the Teacher of teachers. And what we had talked about was him being that to so many people, at that certain time that whenever he would go someplace he had that respect for everyone else, or that everyone else had would have the respect for him and he would, everyone would look at him as a And person in that day because that's all they had to go for because of his faith at that time. So it was a very important person in the early go of this and what people's faith was at that time.Lance Foulis 25:15 Yeah. Yeah, that's good. I was I was kind of blown away because they had prepared a reading room for him. And so he gets in, and like everything set up where he's going to be reading what scrolls he's got, they have the pen thing that that so like, they have this thing that looks like a pen. And it's like, when they read, they're moving this thing along each word. So they're not actually writing anything, but it's like an instrument that they use when they actually read, which was wild. So they're like, is everything set, you know, to your standards? I think they had like some snacks there. And he's like, Yeah, that's fine, thank you. But I was just like, man, person arrives and like you have your own reading area set up and all of these very particular things like that's some that's some level of status, for sure. Okay, and then I one thing that's important to point out about this particular scene is that when it ends, a Roman shows up and proceeds to usher himself into this room, which is apparently like a no, no kind of disrespectful, and they're like, well, like all the other guys are like, What are you doing? You can't just walk in here? And he's like, Yes, I actually can. Thank you. And that's when the Romans are like to Nicodemus the character, like, we have a problem. There's a demon possessed person there. There was another scene, I think, that we had had where it flashes back to Mary and she's having some major issues. She actually sees. She sees a Rome and I think, and then she has a flashback, of of like earlier on, and it's just a silhouette of a Roman soldier coming into the room where she's at shutting the door, and you can infer what happened to her. She was a victim at that point. And then when she has that memory, she's having that memory from seeing a Roman in real time. And then like is messing with her? Like she you can just tell she's in a real turmoil, and then Then she's having issues in a room. Did I miss anything? You did notDavid Eckl 27:17 the one character I was gonna bring up in, really the start of it that will see important throughout everything is Schmell. Oh, yeah, shimmy. Well, Chanel, Chanel, like just the name of it. It's like, Who is this? Yeah, who is he? He I believe the guy was like, set up the room, right? Yes. And he was, I believe the right hand man to Nicodemus, that sounds right. Yeah, he was almost the next in line. And it does definitely the sense that you get it and yes, and there's something particular about him that was interesting, where he was, okay, what's going on? Like another one of those characters that's like, Okay, we have Mary, who is in this state of turmoil, turmoil. And then you have Roman guards, you have Matthew, and just one of those people that were keeping track of that. I mean, I've read the Bible, pretty much in my entire life. I haven't heard of him before, right in the Bible. So another a character that was, I believe, in the book, but also important in this to show kind of who Nicodemus is, and give them that support to what he's going to do.Lance Foulis 28:19 Yeah. Did you know when you say like you would read? Do you remember anybody named schmo shimmy? Well, in the Bible, not to my knowledge. Yeah, me either. But that's one cool thing about I think the series is that it introduces, it introduces characters that fit in in the world, and bring it more to life, I think. But yeah, he's a very interesting character, because your mind knows like, I'm cutting the track with this person. And you don't know why. But yeah, the show does a really good job of that. I think, like, oh, I need to need to pay attention to this guy is like as soon as Nicodemus arrives, this character from UL is like, Oh, I'm so glad that you're here. I've set up this room for you and like yelling at the Roman guard, you're not allowed in here. And then so one funny thing that happens when we're kind of all over the place, but it is what it is. When the Roman guard or when the Roman soldier shows up and they're like Nicodemus, you need to go down to the red quarter because there's somebody who's having a demon possessed situation and we can't have it. And he's taught. I don't think we know but you could probably have inferred it. They're talking about Mary Mary's having a severe issue. Some kind of demon possession type of a thing is what they're alluding to. And Nicodemus Nicodemus, his response is like, I don't, I don't deal with affairs of Rome, that's you need to deal with that. And then the Roman soldier is like, what did he say? He said something like you need to go take care of it. Your Way or or Rome will take care of it with our fire of fires. I don't remember what he said like before he said fires of fires, but that was hilarious because he basically was like, he asked nicely the first time then Nicodemus was like, No, that's Rome's problem. And then he's like, Well, Oh, you're actually going to do it, or we're going to just go down and destroy the place.David Eckl 30:04 It's, it was an interesting scene, quote unquote, where he went to go do that. Like he did not want to go down this Yeah. Or they can Amos did not want to do that.Lance Foulis 30:15 Yeah, it's a super it's so like, you definitely get the sense in this scene that it's a very edgy, not great area of town is the place that you don't want to go visit. You're not safe there. All of the deplorables are there. So this this high up guy wants nothing to do with going to that area of town.David Eckl 30:36 Right? Yeah, it is. It's going to be an interesting scene in it to see that someone that was possessed to being that taking out of them of what's to come there. Yeah. It's not an area that he wanted to go to but their own. The only true way for her to come out of that was for Nicodemus to go down there. Interesting that the Roman guard would say, hey, like, you need to take care of it instead of us. Because you would think with someone being possessed, you would probably choose the fire fires for them rather than saying, hey, Nicodemus, you need to go take care of them. Yeah. And then have that come out of her?Lance Foulis 31:16 Yeah, yeah. So yeah, it was a very, very, very interesting scene. So like, obviously, once that scene is over, it cuts from Nicodemus his storyline, essentially over to two brothers. So the next thing we're introduced to Simon Peter, and his brother, Andrew, and what are they doing?David Eckl 31:38 They are, were they fishing, theyLance Foulis 31:41 are gambling. They were in they were using, they were fighting. Simon Peter was like, basically in a boxing street match with this other guy who we find out later is his brother in law. And they're basically gambling and betting on Simon. They don't explain the rules. But basically, Simon is getting just punched around. And you kind of figure out that he's, he's playing the game. He's not really as hurt as he's letting on. He's not almost done, as he's letting on. And his brother Andrew is like looking on telling him you got to take another punch. And then Sam Peters, like, I don't want to take another one. And then his brother Andrew is like no, like, it's all like signals, right? Nobody's saying anything. They're just making looks at each other. And then he's like, No, you gotta take another one. So then he takes another punch. And he's acting like super hurt. Simon Peter is acting like he's super hurt. He's not called Simon Peter yet. He's just called Simon. And and then he like, Does this really cool hop, kicks himself up onto his feet after something apparently went the right way. And then he starts beating the tar out of the other guy. So Simon all of a sudden flips the tables, and is clearly not as hurt he said he had seemed to be and then he beats down the other guy who's his brother in law, which I don't even know if it reveals that. I don't think so. Any any thoughts on on on that?David Eckl 33:03 Interesting that fighting is something that's prevalent in the day and age and everything that's going on, obviously, it's another one of those things where we were introduced to Mary first now Nicodemus, and then when we're introduced to Matthew, and now we're introduced to more disciples of Christ, and you see that and like, what they're going to become for Jesus, and like, in the fighting aspect of it for me, I was like, okay, like, this is interesting. I'm not too much into fighting. Like, I don't like to watch it, you know, but I understand back then, obviously, it was some hobby that people enjoy doing. And they wouldLance Foulis 33:44 was a form of entertainment when you didn't have a TV, no TV or watch a couple of days.David Eckl 33:48 Exactly. each other. Exactly. And they would gamble on it. And that was the afternoon of fun when they weren't working. It was it was interesting.Lance Foulis 33:56 Yeah. Yeah. And I also like thinking about overall how they do the TV show. Like if you've if, if you have been and like, I grew up in the church, I grew up reading my Bible. Well, actually, I didn't really start reading my Bible until I was older. I thought it was boring. But in reading the Bible in, you know, if you've gone to Sunday school, you've heard stories, you know, Peter, he's like, he's a top tier character and your brightness if you know the story of the Bible, Andrew, not so much a top tier character, but still an important character Jesus top to your character, Nicodemus. Now, I don't even know if he's literally mentioned in the Bible. He is He is maybe once or twice, okay, so he's a real character. Yes. And then Mary Magdalene, she is as well, but again, not a key character, Matthew, I don't really remember reading. I mean, he wrote one of the books in the Bible, but I don't really remember noticing him is a character that had a bunch of stories in the Bible. And what's interesting about this, this series is they don't, they don't start you off with a character writers that you're expecting like, Oh, it's a story about Jesus, we still haven't seen Jesus yet. And we're like, what three or four scenes in still haven't met Jesus don't know where he is. Don't know who he is. Maybe we have seen him, we don't know. And then finally, now we're just getting introduced to somebody that people that know the story of the Bible, they would know. Oh, Peter, I know who Peter is. His name was his name was Simon. So he's not the first character Mary is the first character, which is really fascinating to me. Okay, so basically, we get the sense that Simon is maybe not your he he may be isn't your the role model that you would want your kids to model themselves after he's gambling, he's fighting, trying to get money. And we realized, I don't remember if we realize in the scene, but basically, they need money. So they're trying to figure out how to make money because they haven't been making enough money fishing. And then we find out that Peter is married, which I think was a very fascinating take. I don't personally have any theories on whether or not he was actually married, except for I was reading mark the other night. And it did say, talk about his mother in law was sick, and that Jesus healed his mother and see that so if he has a mother in law, and again, I don't know the actual Hebrew of the book of Mark, but I remember reading that it's a mother in law, not his mother. So did you have any? What did you think when you saw Peter is married and his wife's name is EdenDavid Eckl 36:30 Simon is a very interesting character in this, you know, there's something about him when you're watching just kind of funny,Lance Foulis 36:38 witty, yes, he good humor,David Eckl 36:41 yes, has good humor, something about him. And when you go into the scene initially, like with him fighting, and then finding out he has a wife, there's some kind of, I don't know, sleight, I would say in terms of what he is doing and trying to do and get, you know, obviously, money to be able to pay taxes to be able to live to be able to do certain things. So he's trying to find all these different routes to take to be able to do something. Especially Andrew mean, his brother's a little bit, I would say, a little bit more wise, in terms of just is nature. But Simon is, is an interesting character, I think he's going to be great. And it's like, you would never have pictured if this was the first time you're watching or reading or following along with this. And you have no history of the Bible, or what it's talking about. The people that are starting to come into the scene. I don't think anyone would have an idea that they're all going to be together. Yeah, at some point. You know, it's like, way these stories,Lance Foulis 37:44 Jesus is gonna pick all these people to be in his troop. Yeah. See that? Because they're all two different.David Eckl 37:49 Yes. All different corners, the high levels, low levels, fighting people demon possessed. Simon is an interesting one, especially Andrew, and this.Lance Foulis 38:00 Yeah. And just like all the other characters that we've mentioned, they're all all of the actors are fantastic. And Paris Patel, like we were saying is, is who plays Matthew, I've never seen him in anything before. Shahar. Isaac is who plays Simon and he is super ripped. Yes, super ripped. And he's a fantastic actor. And I didn't think of this until you were kind of talking about it. But are you we're talking about Simon and Andrew but they have really great chemistry. Like you totally can believe that. They're brothers the way that they get they're very different. And just how they interact with each other is very brotherly. Which I guess you would expect but it's it's well done to theirDavid Eckl 38:41 jobs in nature of being fishermen. Like you need to be very muscular you need to have a lot of I would say mind power but also that body power to be able to take these nets bringing all these fish you know do those kinds of things and do that I feel like getting yourLance Foulis 38:59 fingers all caught up with those nets you probably have major calluses I mean, have you ever seen Deadliest Catch people? Did you ever see that show? Deadliest Catch? No. Oh my gosh, I was really into that show like I don't know how long ago but yeah, it's just these fishermen in Alaska that go out and like get crab and it's super dangerous like the weather can turn in an instant and yeah, so anyway,David Eckl 39:21 but the net like there's no modern technology there's no hooks to be able to pull things in manually or automatically from the boats. It's your hands are out there. You're pulling in these fish you need to be very muscular and well fit to be able to withstand the days and you know, they're not just hanging out on the boat about getting suntan out the hair. They're right. They're working. You know, it is a working man's job and that is something that is very important to see. Yeah, in the visual of that too. I you know, you resonate a little bit with that, that they are relentless in their efforts to find a wage to support your family to support your why If Yeah, the mother in law for assignment isn't sick yet we don't see her right sick that will come eventually. But to be able to provide for the family is huge in this situation in this instance. So yep, I feel like he's going to all ends to figure out how we can bring in money for that.Lance Foulis 40:15 Yep. And like, it is really interesting when you meet Eden, you can see like, Oh, this is Simon's house, this is his wife, you get the sense that they're really young, like, like, in in that culture, you've alluded to this, but in that culture, you're the guy, you're out there and you gotta you got to do what you got to do to bring in provision. And if you don't do it, you and your wife starve your wife is home, taking care of things, getting food ready, taking care of the house, so that the house stays in order. But I just remember, I don't remember if it was this scene, but just kind of like the scenes that that we have with Peter, or excuse me with Simon and Eden, is just his, the burden, you can see the burden that he's carrying in need wanting to take care of his wife, and there's even like, Andrews around, he's doing stuff too. But you could you just get this set. I got this sense watching Peter. He's, it felt to me like he's more newly married, maybe a year, maybe two years or whatever. But like, he's just got this burden of responsibility on him. Like, I've got to take care of stuff. And I just feel that way. And I remember being young and married Kim, I was 25. When Kim and I got married, she was 21. I did not have an established career, but I can remember the burden of like, I need to be able to provide for my family. And like when things aren't going well. I can remember many times when things wouldn't go well. And it just seems like things aren't going right. And so just I just remember getting this set, getting that sense and feeling for Peter, especially as we get to know him like, things aren't easy. I can kind of see why he's making decisions that he's making that I wouldn't necessarily make. But he is under like a level of duress. Did you get any feelings like that?David Eckl 41:59 Yeah, so Eden is very much so a character a person that is really being forward in terms of how she's, you know, trying to be a wife to Simon and I think, especially the scenes I know what you're talking about, like where you're seeing her, you know, make food she's doing the laundry, she's cleaning up the house, you know, Simon's a lot of times I think I remember vividly and there is that Eden, said to said to her was there said to him said, Well, you know, where are you going? He's like, I gotta go, I'll be back. And like one of the things like he's going to do something to either make money to do something for fishing, but he's trying to figure it out where the responsibility now isn't just on his own. It's to provide for his family. Yeah. And seeing that was was key too.Lance Foulis 42:51 Yeah. So okay, so the next scene, we actually go back to Nicodemus and he is traveling through the seedy area of town. They call it the red quarter. It's where unsavory characters are, and they're walking around I think it's just funny because you got Nicodemus I think she she Manuel's like, to your point before he's like, right behind them right hand guy, I'm putting that in quotes. And there's like two or three other these guys, you can just tell they're incredibly out of their element. They're very uncomfortable, I think they see either prostitutes, or slaves or slaves that are prostitutes, like on the corner on the corner of the street. I'm putting that in quotes. Because it's, it's there's an image that happens and you just see them kind of look and make eye contact. When you see Nicodemus and his cohorts making eye contact with this scene, where these people are either getting sold or they're they're standing on a corner waiting to be purchased or something like that. You can just tell Oh, no, I need to avert my eyes. I shouldn't even be seeing what I'm seeing and they're traveling to go deal with this situation. And then when they get close to it, they have the audio of what we assume is Mary because there's a room or like I guess what we could call an apartment and you can just hear growling wailing very just noises that make you feel something's very very offDavid Eckl 44:22 very uneasy, very uneasy. Yes. And even going into it it's I mean, you don't there's no other show or series that you would see something like this being talked about or shown like it's not something you would watch on TV it's very much you know, she was demon possessed. And hearing those things it's like what is going on here like you know, you're intrigued to find out more you want to keep watching you don't want to like turn away you want you want to see what she might be going through and what this Nicodemus who, besides the Roman guards potentially As the top guy, you know, in the city, the Teacher of teachers coming in to treating probably one of the lowest type of people in the city. Yep. And having an interaction where it's, this doesn't happen too often. Right? Let's watch it. Let's get into it.Lance Foulis 45:17 Yeah, absolutely. And you can tell I mean, they do a really good job of setting up like, okay, something is really like you're hearing these noises that are coming from that room and you're like, Okay, this is actually very serious. And this guy, yeah, should be able to do something in this situation, but he doesn't look like he's not inspiring a whole lot of confidence in what he's going to do. But then he kind of takes charge he goes, he looks to his dude Shmi well, and he basically is like, go get these ingredients, some kind of bark and some kind of incense thing and like, go get it quickly. And so that guy runs off come back and then he's got like, nicotine has has like, some branches I think with some things that he's got like an incense thing. So it's like smoking out. So So it's basically like a chain. And at the end of the chain is like a big, I don't know, bowl type of enclosed bowl thing and there's smoke coming out. So there's some kind of hot coals in there. This like burning something is making smoke and so then he goes in, he's got his, quote tools, his exorcism tools, and he goes into the room. And they made this part like, pretty, pretty scary. In my opinion, it was a little bit more, they pushed, they pushed an edge that like kind of what you said earlier, you wouldn't see the type of a thing in any kind of Christian type production. I wouldn't expect they're not pulling any punches. It's like yes, this lady is in severe torment. And it's a it's a demonic possession. And she's just kind of like moving around on the floor you don't see her face it's just the back of the face and then it comes to the point he's like talking and like the her like the stuff that's coming I have no not even say like her voice because it's not her voice it's like what the noises are coming out of her vocal cords are changing and getting more intense and then she like turns to look at him as he's like saying the stuff that he's saying he's like I juror you get out leave this woman alone. And like then it like her face turns to look at them. And the way that they did that was wow, I was really on the edge of my seat. What are your thoughts? ThisDavid Eckl 47:32 like the story is in the Bible, so it is true. And I like initially you said that you watched it with your kids thisLance Foulis 47:41 Oh, we didn't watch this scene with the kid. Okay, okay. Well, that's all day would have nightmares for a whileDavid Eckl 47:45 because I don't know how they would be able to do it. But I thinkLance Foulis 47:49 it was the episode The next step or three episode three which is with the kids that's the one episode they've seenDavid Eckl 47:54 the what we initially talked about to the theatrics of it yes show. You know that look, and I do vividly remember that image of Mary looking at Nicodemus in what is going on is scary. Yeah, like it is very much like anything could happen. Yeah, Ines. But also at the same time, it's one of those things that keeps you coming back for more. Yeah, this demon possessed person Mary is now changing. It's coming out of her in some way. Yeah, she is going to change and do something else. And it's like, we had no other history or story of Mary at the start of this other than when she was with her dad initially. Yep. And then she young innocent kid. Exactly. And then she goes into this state over after years of torment to be able to get to this and now it's going to be a massive change to be in doing something to glorify, what's to come and that's just amazing. Yes. And I know Nicodemus in the future in this story to it, he goes into talking a little bit more about you know, what he saw there? And what he had to go through and I mean, that's just one of those notches on the belt or it's like wait, you went and faced a demon possessed person and said these things and we're in that room? I just couldn't believe what it would be like no real time outside of shooting this for the for the show, but it just unbelievable.Lance Foulis 49:19 Yeah, like the fact that he even had the courage to go into the room is wild because if I encountered something like that in real life one I wouldn't know what to do and to just you don't know what you're gonna face when you get in there and you're trying to do something like he went in there and Elise tried Now obviously, like it failed, because the thing talked through Mary like after she is basically like, what did what did what did it say these like, we don't know you or we don't care essentially, like we're not listening to you. We don't have to listen to you. Like get out of here. We're done with you. And then he is like, just shocked and basically he just leaves in And she's not okay. And then that's that's basically the end of the scene. Yeah. It was, it was a very intense scene. Any other thoughts there?David Eckl 50:09 I don't know how Nicodemus like he was obviously told to do it. He was going to save this, Mary, you know, he didn't know what was going to come out of it, he was going to give it his best effort to being able to healer. And has just like, that's the reality of it. Some people have that still today. And it's even seeing that how he had dealt with it was just for me, it was It was eye opening, because I'd never seen that before. In anything. Yeah. And reading it. In the Bible, you don't get that kind of context of what the video or picture of it would, would be able to show you.Lance Foulis 50:48 Yeah, it's one thing to read in the Bible that this, you know, so and so is demon possessed, and the demons would throw him on the ground. And he would convulse for a few minutes. Like, it's like, you read that and you don't go okay. But then when you see it portrayed like that, they did it in this were like this individuals in torment, and they're, they can't do anything to help themselves in that situation is very eerie and freaky. And yeah, eye opening. I think you said that.David Eckl 51:14 It's not like you have the popcorn bowl right next to and you're grabbing it to eat more of it. You're like, not blinking. eyes focused? Yeah, every single second of it. And it's like, wait, what? Like, this is going to come out of this person, and she's going to be completely different. It's like, what,Lance Foulis 51:32 how do we get there? Yeah. How in the world are we going to get there? Yeah. One thing to call out here, because like her name, and my little like, website here, we know her as Lillith right now, we haven't made the connection that it's Mary. It's good point. Because that's a that's a very important thing is that we know this individual that her name is Lilith, and we don't know anything else about her other than what we've described, but nobody's called her Mary in this point. Sure. Because that's a very important thing for the close of the episode we're getting to so anyway, basically, that after Nicodemus leaves, some time passes, and then we find Lilith waking up. And she wakes up. This is important because she she has like a flashback of being with her father. And I think in this scene, yeah, she gets her she finds her doll. And like in the doll is the piece of paper she pulls out and it's the that scripture from Isaiah and so she's kept it this whole time, is she's looking at it now after having gone through this episode. And you can kind of tell like, this has happened to her before. She's just so done. I'm so sick of having to go through this stuff like can't anything like no nothing can and then she I think she rips up the piece of paper, which is a very like intense like, she had been carrying it this whole time. So whatever breaking point she is, she's at it is an intense breaking point, because she's taken this thing that she's kept with her, essentially came from her father cheese destroying it was a very intense scene,David Eckl 53:03 very intense, especially something now you've had for that many years. And then you've gotten to that breaking point to be able to do that it's eye opening to see that and I remember, even in future episodes, she ends up reciting that verse from from memorization. So it's something that she still has in her heart that she's living with. But the symbolism of her taking that piece of paper and tearing it up seems like you know, there's a breaking point that she just had to kind of forget that maybe the past that she just went through a page turned to what's going to come.Lance Foulis 53:37 Yep, that's good. All right. And so then we go back to last, these are the basically the last couple scenes here. We'll go through these kind of quickly. So it's tax day, and people are going to the tax booth to pay their taxes. So we are we witness Andrew and Simon going to the tax booth where Matthew is Matthew is revealed to be their tax collector, and they get there and they basically figure out that because of back taxes and everything else that they owe way more than they are Andrew was way more than they thought and Andrew cannot pay his taxes. And he's at the point, okay, we can't pay your taxes, you're gonna go to jail. Because if you couldn't pay your taxes, then you got thrown in jail where you would never be able to pay your taxes. So you basically that's it, you're you're done your life's over. And then that's when Simon tells Matthew and reveals, hey, I've got a I have an agreement with the main Roman magistrate and the magistrate. I was looking this up yesterday. I should have had this up on my on my iPad here. But a magistrate is somebody who has like pretty extensive authority. right in line with Caesar. So Simon is basically saying he has an arrangement on his taxes and Andrews taxes with the magistrate Quintus Who was the guy who was bossing Nicodemus around at the beginning of the episode and So he's basically telling Matthew Hey, you know, we don't, we won't be owing taxes because of the arrangement. Once I'm done with what I'm doing for Quintus all my taxes and all Andrews taxes will be done. And Matthew being Matthew, he doesn't believe them. Because Matthew is like, no, like you're not trustworthy, it just something doesn't make sense. There's no way you could have made this arrangement. So he doesn't believe him. But that's essentially where that scene ends. Did you have any thoughts there?David Eckl 55:24 The image I have from that Matthew, collecting taxes right outside of it is the Roman guard. standing there like kind of just making sure everything's kind of going to order is yes, yeah. And guys is when he hears Andrew and Simon talk, he's like, something's not right with these guys. Something's up. SoLance Foulis 55:41 it's kind of side looking like what's going on over there?David Eckl 55:44 Yes. and Canada. He is Gaius is Matthews kind of guard to go take him around to places and they chose to create an interesting relationship over time, but like, Matthew is truly protected because of Gaius. But also in this scene, it's interesting to see like, where you pay taxes it's not like you know, they're taken out of your paycheck you know, you're surely going to this huddle, youLance Foulis 56:08 have to show up with your your funds in hand. Yes. And pay it stop what you're doing. No, you cannot go work during this time. You have to show up and you have to bring your taxes and if you don't do it, you're gonna be in a world of hurt. Yes.David Eckl 56:20 Pay what to Caesar. What is Caesar's,Lance Foulis 56:22 again, like just the feeling that you get, it's just the burden on these people to do what? To pay their taxes to do what they need to do. It's just the burden feels very heavy. As you're as you're watching it.David Eckl 56:35 It'd be interesting. If that was today, though. Yeah. When I was thinking about it, like, how would you put yourself in their shoes, like you get your paycheck today, but every month, you have to go to this hut? Stand in line, and pay it?Lance Foulis 56:49 Yeah, cuz right now, dude, like, we don't have to see how much taxes are coming out of our paycheck. Yeah, we just get our direct deposit and, and then every time you look at your, your, your check in, you're like, wait, you took how much? My paycheck would have been? What? So like, it is kind of funny that to your point is like, they have to like show up and like, here's my taxes. And it's not like you're getting anything. I mean, technically you're, I guess not getting invaded by barbarians or whatever. ButDavid Eckl 57:17 yeah, that's the ledger. Lance, is kind ofLance Foulis 57:21 in front of everybody, right? Like, you'd have to go to this tax person. And they clearly have an idea who Matthew is. He's an Israelite, and he's telling them you have this Oh, and because you didn't pay here, and he's doing like math. And you remember, he's like doing math in his head with his fingers. So you can tell like, he's very gifted with numbers. But this guy is basically telling you like, no, that's not enough. What you just brought isn't enough, you need that. So like you're already like, in a state of humility. Like in that situation, the other guy wins. Because what are you going to do? You can't argue in this situation,David Eckl 57:51 maybe I'm okay with how taxes are taken. The moral of the story is, but I'll a lot of times in this, I put myself and my myself in the shoes of what these people had to go through back in the day. And yeah, this is a situation where I would be like, I don't really want to do that. Yeah, but obviously, systems change and all this stuff. And obviously, it's not, it's not how it's done today, here. But a lot of times in this whole situation like what would you do if you were Nicodemus, would you have gone right and healed? Mary? Would you have said no rolling Roman guards? You take care of them? Yep. Interesting. Yes. Across the board.Lance Foulis 58:31 Yes. 100%. Agreed. Yeah. And that's one good thing about there's so many different characters, and they are all relatable in some way. Matthew's state of security is very relatable, because like, he's, he's well fed. He's well, he has what he well clothed. He's got shoes on his feet, he's got a stable position. So like, that's relatable in the sense of like, what would it take for me to stop like, Where? Where are my morals? Where's my sense of? Yeah, Where's where's my moral sense? And like, what would need to be going on to where I would not choose the security that I'm having? I get that kind of feeling for Matthew, and then in with Simon and Andrew, it's like, oh, my gosh, like, how, how am I going to make it through this? How am I going to get the funds to pay and like, what I have to do whatever it takes, and I'm willing to do not necessarily whatever it takes, but I'm willing to do some things that I wouldn't necessarily be willing to do, but I have to do it. Otherwise, I'm sunk. So everybody's, there's just something relatable about every single character and I find myself in each kind of like what you were saying putting myself in their shoes and being like, oh, man, I kind of get like a real taste of what they're doing and why they're doing it. Yeah. SoDavid Eckl 59:45 what we first talked about, was about how they went to Nicodemus and said, there's people fishing on quote unquote, Shabbat, which we are now as the Sabbath day the rest and thank you Got that, like, would you if you needed to make ends meet? Would you go and fish on the Sabbath? To try to catch fish to be able to feed everyone and make ends meet? Would you do that, and it's just one of those situations that I was thinking about, it's like, maybe that's what it comes to, or else I have to go to jail. Like, at that point, it's like I'm at between a rock and a hard place. And I have to go do that, to make ends meet. So it's just one of those situations that, you know, other thing that I put myself in the shoes of the people, and it's, it's true, you know, that's what it is today. And that's what it is back then what it is today, it's like, you know, you have to make ends meet, you have to do whatever it takes to be able to provide for what we see in Simon and Eden, but also your family. And this is what Matthew is doing. I mean, the tax collector, you know, does he have to do this? I mean, that's what he wanted to do. And that's where he chose to do. Does he want to do it? I'm not sure.Lance Foulis 1:00:55 Right. Right. That's yeah, that's great. Okay, the final scene, what an epic final scene this is. So basically, what ends up happening is we get we cut to Mary, again, we know her as Lillith. And she, I think she goes to a bar and she basically just drinks a bun