Podcasts about abstract people

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.04.09.536147v1?rss=1 Authors: Kurihara, Y., Takahashi, T., Osu, R. Abstract: People often have opportunities to engage in social interactions with strangers, which have been reported to contribute to their well-being. Although strategies for social interaction between strangers differ from those between acquaintances, the differences in neural basis of social interaction have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we examined the geometrical properties of interpersonal neural networks in pairs of strangers and acquaintances during joint tapping using dual electroencephalography (EEG). Twenty-one pairs of participants performed antiphase joint tapping under four different conditions. Intra-brain synchronizations were calculated using the weighted phase lag index (wPLI) for all possible intra-brain pairs of the 29 channels ( 29C2=406), and inter-brain synchronizations were calculated using the phase locking value (PLV) for all possible inter-brain pairs of the 29 channels (29*29= 841) in the theta, alpha, and beta frequency bands. Electrode pairs with larger wPLI and PLV than their surrogates were defined as the nodes (EEG channels) and edges (connections between nodes) of the neural networks. We then calculated the global efficiency, local efficiency, clustering coefficient, and modularity derived from graph theory for the combined intra- and inter-brain networks of each pair. No significant differences in the tapping phase variance were identified between the stranger and acquaintance pairs. However, in the combined intra- and inter-brain theta EEG (4-7 Hz) networks, stranger pairs showed larger local efficiency and cluster coefficients than acquaintance pairs, indicating that the two brains of stranger pairs were more densely connected. Moreover, in the beta EEG bands, the modularity of the two brains was low in the fast condition, indicating that the two brains were coupled when the task demand was high. Our results show that weak social ties promote more extensive social interactions and result in dense brain-to-brain coupling. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.13.528190v1?rss=1 Authors: Burlingham, C. S., Sendhilnathan, N., Komogortsev, O., Murdison, T. S., Proulx, M. J. Abstract: People coordinate their eye, head, and body movements to gather information from a dynamic environment while maximizing reward and minimizing biomechanical and energetic costs. Such natural behavior is not possible in a laboratory setting where the head and body are usually restrained and the tasks and stimuli used often lack ecological validity. Therefore, it's unclear to what extent principles of fixation selection derived from lab studies, such as inhibition-of-return (IOR), apply in a real-world setting. To address this gap, participants performed nine real-world tasks, including driving, grocery shopping, and building a lego set, while wearing a mobile eye tracker (169 recordings; 26.6 hours). Surprisingly, spatial and temporal IOR were absent in all tasks. Instead, participants most often returned to what they just viewed, and saccade latencies were shorter preceding return than forward saccades. We hypothesized that participants minimize the time their eyes spend in an eccentric position to conserve eye and head motor effort. Correspondingly, we observed center biases in the distributions of fixation location and duration, relative to the head's orientation. A model that generates scanpaths by randomly sampling these distributions reproduced the spatial and temporal return phenomena seen in the data, including distinct 3-fixation sequences for forward versus return saccades. The amount of the orbit used in each task traded off with fixation duration, as if both incur costs in the same space. Conservation of effort ("laziness") explains all these behaviors, demonstrating that motor costs shape how people extract and act on relevant visual information from the environment. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.08.527779v1?rss=1 Authors: Chen, D., Yao, Z., Liu, J., Wu, H., Hu, X. Abstract: People readily change their behavior to comply with the public. However, to which extent they will internalize the social influence remains elusive. In this pre-registered electroencephalogram (EEG) study, we employed a facial attractiveness social learning paradigm to investigate how learning from one's in-group or out-group members would change attractiveness perception and neural representation. We found that participants changed their explicit attractiveness ratings to both in-group and out-group influences, i.e., public compliance. We next quantified the neural representational similarities of learned faces with prototypical attractive faces during a face perception task without overt social influence and intentional evaluation. We found that the neural representation of facial attractiveness changed only when participants learned from their in-group members, and among those who perceived tighter social norms. These findings provided novel knowledge on how group affiliations and individual differences modulate the impact of social influence on the internalization of social influence. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.12.22.521654v1?rss=1 Authors: Bansal, A. T., 't Hart, B. M., Cauchan, U., Eggert, T., Straube, A., Henriques, D. Abstract: People continuously adapt their movements to ever-changing circumstances, and particularly in skills training and rehabilitation, it is crucial that we understand how to optimize implicit adaptation in order for these processes to require as little conscious effort as possible. Although it is generally assumed that the way to do this is by introducing perturbations gradually, the literature is ambivalent on the effectiveness of this approach. Here we test whether there are differences in motor performance when adapting to an abrupt compared to a ramped visuomotor rotation. Using a within-subjects design, we test this question under 3 different rotation sizes: 30{degrees}, 45{degrees}, and 60{degrees}, as well as in 3 different populations: younger adults, older adults, and patients with mild cerebellar ataxia. We find no significant differences in either the behavioural outcomes, or model fits, between abrupt and gradual learning across any of the different conditions. Neither age, nor cerebellar ataxia had any significant effect on motor adaptation either. These findings together indicate that motor adaptation is not modulated by introducing a perturbation abruptly compared to gradually, and is also unaffected by age or mild cerebellar ataxia. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.12.01.518771v1?rss=1 Authors: Ritz, H., Shenhav, A. Abstract: People can overcome a wide array of mental challenges by coordinating their neural information processing to align with their goals. Recent behavioral work has shown that people can independently control their attention across multiple features during perceptual decision-making, but the structure of the neural representations that enables this multivariate control remains mysterious. We hypothesized that the brain solves this complex coordination problem by orthogonalizing feature-specific representations of task demands and attentional priority, allowing the brain to independently monitor and adjust multiple streams of stimulus information. To test this hypothesis, we measured fMRI activity while participants performed a task designed to tag processing and control over feature-specific information that is task-relevant (targets) versus task-irrelevant (distractors). We then characterized the geometry of these neural representations using a novel multivariate analysis (Encoding Geometry Analysis), estimating where the encoding of different task features is correlated versus orthogonal. We identified feature-specific representations of task demands and attentional priority in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and intraparietal sulcus (IPS), respectively, consistent with differential roles for these regions in monitoring versus directing information processing. Representations of attentional priority in IPS were fully mediated by the control requirements of the task, associated with behavioral performance, and depended on connectivity with nodes in the frontoparietal control network, suggesting that these representations serve a fundamental role in supporting attentional control. Together, these findings provide evidence for a neural geometry that can enable coordinated control over multiple sources of information. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.11.13.516302v1?rss=1 Authors: van Timmeren, T., Dzinalija, N., O'Doherty, J. P., de Wit, S. Abstract: People often have good intentions but fail to adhere to them. Implementation intentions, a form of strategic planning, can help people to close this intention-behavior gap. Their effectiveness has been proposed to depend on the mental formation of a stimulus-response association between a trigger and target behavior, thereby creating an instant habit. If implementation intentions do indeed lead to reliance on habitual control, then this may come at the cost of reduced behavioral flexibility. Furthermore, we would expect a shift from recruitment of corticostriatal brain regions implicated in goal-directed control towards habit regions. To test these ideas, we performed a functional MRI study in which participants received instrumental training supported by either implementation or goal intentions, followed by an outcome-revaluation to test reliance on habitual versus goal-directed control. We found that implementation intentions led to increased efficiency during training, as reflected in higher accuracy, faster reaction times, and decreased engagement of the anterior caudate. However, implementation intentions did not reduce behavioral flexibility when goals changed during the test phase, nor did it affect the underlying corticostriatal pathways. Additionally, this study showed that slips of action towards devalued outcomes are associated with reduced activity in brain regions implicated in goal-directed control. In conclusion, our behavioral and neuroimaging findings suggest that strategic if-then planning does not lead to a shift from goal-directed towards habitual control. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.09.15.508098v1?rss=1 Authors: Wang, S., Karabay, A., Akyürek, E. Abstract: People often fail to detect the second of two targets when there is a short time interval of ~500 msec or less between them. This phenomenon is known as the attentional blink (AB). Accumulating evidence suggests that the AB is a result of a failure to select and consolidate the second target in working memory. The current literature has assumed that the standard mixture model of visual working memory (VWM) explains representation in the AB better than resource-based VWM models. However, no existing study has systematically compared VWM models in the AB domain. Here, we present a comparison of eight widely-used VWM models in four different AB datasets from three separate laboratories. We fitted each model and computed the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) values at an individual level, across different conditions and experiments, based on which we compared the models by their average model ranks. We found that, for most experiments presented here, the standard mixture model, the slot model, and their variants do outperform the others. We nevertheless also observed that certain details, such as the stimuli or spatial arrangement of targets used in the AB task, can result in different model rankings. Our results can help researchers to select the best model for their AB studies in the future, and thereby gain a better understanding of their data. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by PaperPlayer

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.09.375600v1?rss=1 Authors: Nallour Raveendran, R., Chow, A., Tsang, K., Chakraborty, A., Thompson, B. Abstract: People with central vision loss (CVL) due to macular degeneration are forced to rely on their residual peripheral vision and often develop a preferred retinal locus (PRL), a region of intact peripheral retina that is used for fixation. At the PRL, visual processing is impaired due to crowding (cluttering of visual objects). The problem of crowding still persists when images are magnified to account for the lower resolution of peripheral vision. We assessed whether anodal transcranial direct stimulation (a-tDCS), a neuro-modulation technique that alters cortical inhibition, would reduce collinear inhibition (an early component of crowding) when applied to the visual cortex in patients with CVL. Our results showed that applying a-tDCS to the visual cortex for 20mins reduced crowding in three patients with CVL and that the effect was sustained for up to 30mins. Sham stimulation delivered in a separate session had no effect. These initial observations mandate further research into the use of a-tDCS to enhance the cortical processing of residual retinal input in patients with CVL. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.30.362004v1?rss=1 Authors: Wu, Y., Whittaker, H. T., Noy, S., Cleverley, K., Brault, V., Herault, Y., Fisher, E. M. C., Wiseman, F. K. Abstract: People with Down syndrome (DS), caused by trisomy of chromosome 21 have a greatly increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). This is in part because of triplication of a chromosome 21 gene, APP. This gene encodes amyloid precursor protein, which is cleaved to form amyloid-{beta} that accumulates in the brains of people who have AD. Recent experimental results demonstrate that a gene or genes on chromosome 21, other than APP, when triplicated significantly accelerate amyloid pathology in a transgenic mouse model of amyloid-{beta} deposition. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that cysteine cathepsin activity influences APP cleavage and amyloid-{beta} accumulation. Located on human chromosome 21 (Hsa21) is an endogenous inhibitor of cathepsin proteases, CYSTATIN B (CSTB) which is proposed to regulate cysteine cathepsin activity in vivo. Here we determined if three copies of the mouse gene Cstb is sufficient to modulate beta amyloid (A{beta}) accumulation and cathepsin activity in a transgenic APP mouse model. Duplication of Cstb resulted in an increase in transcriptional and translational levels of Cstb in the mouse cortex but had no effect on the deposition of insoluble A{beta} plaques or the levels of soluble or insoluble A{beta}42, A{beta}40, or A{beta}38 in 6-month old mice. In addition, the increased CSTB did not alter the activity of cathepsin B enzyme in the cortex of 3-month old mice. These results indicate that the single-gene duplication of Cstb is insufficient to elicit a disease-modifying phenotype in the dupCstb x tgAPP mice, underscoring the complexity of the genetic basis of AD-DS and the importance of multiple gene interactions in disease. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.08.139618v1?rss=1 Authors: Sayali, C., Badre, D. Abstract: People balance the benefits of cognitive work against the costs of cognitive effort. Models that incorporate prospective estimates of the costs of cognitive effort into decision making require a mechanism by which these costs are learned. However, it remains open what brain systems are important for this learning, particularly when learning is not tied explicitly to a decision about what task to perform. In this fMRI experiment, we parametrically manipulated the level of effort a task requires by increasing task switching frequency across six task contexts. In a scanned learning phase, participants implicitly learned about the task switching frequency in each context. In a subsequent test phase outside the scanner, participants made selections between pairs of these task contexts. Notably, during learning, participants were not aware of this later choice phase. Nonetheless, participants avoided task contexts requiring more task switching. We modeled learning within a reinforcement learning framework, and found that effort expectations that derived from task-switching probability and response time (RT) during learning were the best predictors of later choice behavior. Interestingly, prediction errors (PE) from these two models were differentially associated with separate brain networks during distinct learning epochs. Specifically, PE derived from expected RT was most correlated with the cingulo-opercular network early in learning, whereas PE derived from expected task switching frequency was correlated with the fronto-parietal network late in learning. These observations are discussed in relation to the contribution of cognitive control systems to new task learning and how this may bear on effort-based decisions. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.29.124115v1?rss=1 Authors: Leong, Y. C., Dziembaj, R., D'Esposito, M. Abstract: People are biased towards seeing outcomes they are motivated to see. The arousal system coordinates the body's response to motivationally significant events, and is well positioned to regulate motivational effects on sensory perception. However, it remains unclear whether arousal would enhance or reduce motivational biases. Here we measured pupil dilation as a measure of arousal while participants performed a visual categorization task. We used monetary bonuses to motivate participants to see one category over another. Even though the reward-maximizing strategy was to perform the task accurately, participants were more likely to report seeing the motivationally desirable category. Furthermore, higher arousal levels were associated with making motivationally biased responses. Analyses using computational models indicated that arousal enhanced motivational effects by biasing evidence accumulation in favor of motivationally desirable percepts. These results suggest heightened arousal biases people towards what they want to see and away from an objective representation of the environment. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.30.071084v1?rss=1 Authors: Leong, Y. C., Chen, J., Willer, R., Zaki, J. Abstract: People tend to interpret political information in a manner that confirms their prior beliefs, a cognitive bias that contributes to rising political polarization. In this study, we combined functional magnetic resonance imaging with semantic content analyses to investigate the neural mechanisms that underlie the biased processing of real-world political content. We scanned American participants with conservative-leaning or liberal-leaning immigration attitudes while they watched news clips, campaign ads, and public speeches related to immigration policy. We searched for evidence of "neural polarization": activity in the brain that diverges between people who hold liberal versus conservative political attitudes. Neural polarization was observed in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC), a brain region associated with the interpretation of narrative content. Neural polarization in the DMPFC intensified during moments in the videos that included risk-related and moral-emotional language, highlighting content features most likely to drive divergent interpretations between conservatives and liberals. Finally, participants whose DMPFC activity closely matched that of the average conservative or the average liberal participant were more likely to change their attitudes in the direction of that group's position. Our work introduces a novel multi-method approach to study the neural basis of political cognition in naturalistic settings. Using this approach, we characterize how political attitudes biased information processing in the brain, the language most likely to drive polarized neural responses, and the consequences of biased processing for attitude change. Together, these results shed light on the psychological and neural underpinnings of how identical information is interpreted differently by conservatives and liberals. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

Gregory Wheeler (MCMP) gives a talk at the MCMP Colloquium (25 June, 2014) titled "Fast, Frugal and Focused: When less information leads to better decisions". Abstract: People frequently do not abide by the total evidence norm of classical Bayesian rationality but instead use just a few items of information among the many available to them. Gerd Gigerenzer and colleagues have famously shown that decision-making with less information often leads to objectively better outcomes, which raises an intriguing normative question: if we could say precisely under what circumstances this "less is more" effect occurs, we conceivably could say when people should reason the Fast and Frugal way rather than the classical Bayesian way. In this talk I report on results from joint work with Konstantinos Katsikopoulos that resolves a puzzle in the mathematical psychology literature over attempts to to explain the conditions responsible for this "less is more" effect. What is more, there is a surprisingly deep connection between the "less is more" effect and coherentist justification. In short, the conditions that are good for coherentism are lousy for single-reason strategies, and vice versa.

Anne Meylan (Basel) gives a talk at the MCMP Colloquium (11 November, 2015) titled "Doxastic Responsibility and the Basing Relation". Abstract: People are responsible for their beliefs and not only for their actions. However, they are not apparently able to control their beliefs as they are able to control their actions. This is what I call “the problem of doxastic responsibility”. The aim of this presentation is to describe a difficulty for a particular solution to this problem. This solution —I dub it “the solution of reasons-responsiveness”— has been extensively defended recently. The plan is as follows. In the first and second part, I present the problem of doxastic responsibility and the solution of reasons-responsiveness respectively. Crucially, this solution is very largely inspired by an account of our moral responsibility for actions that takes reasons-responsiveness to be necessary and sufficient for actions. In the third and final part, I levy a potential objection of my own against the solution of reasons-responsiveness. Briefly, the solution of reasons-responsiveness does not capture the difference between cases of based and cases of un-based beliefs.

1. Oliver Ferrer - All Night Long 2. Soultec & Mark Halflite - Good & Ready 3. Andrezz - He Comes Around (DJ Chap Jazzey Remix) 4. Drumagick - Pressure 5. Oliver Ferrer - Into Me 6. Undersound - Old Habits Die Hard 7. Oliver Ferrer - Minutes of My Life 8. DJ Clart - Jizz 9. Dj Chap & Iriann Joyce - Emotions 10. MuWookie - Knowing 11. Giorgiolive - Illusion 12. KilldaBrain & Nava - Bounce 13. Marvel Cinema - Sleepless In Cologne 14. Phase 2 - Mr. Ice 15. Level 2 - Can You Get It 16. Oliver Ferrer & DJ Koiti - Air Liquide (Linky Remix) 17. Critycal Dub - Take No More 18. Mixmaster DOC - Throwback 19. KilldaBrain & Nava - Booty Suite 20. Brain - You Got Me Crazy 21. Treex - I Feel 22. KilldaBrain - Miss 23. C.A.B.L.E. - Mental Atmosphere 24. Dj Chap - Its Seems Im Never 25. Undersound - Close Your Eyes (feat. Ceris Clift) 26. Young G - Hurricane Sounds 27. Oliver Ferrer & DJ Koiti - Rocky 28. DJ Clart - Used To Love Her 29. Undersound - You Dont Understand 30. 2Funkyz & Unreal - Time Against Me 31. Oliver Ferrer & Koiti - Many, Many, Many 32. Abstract People & Kill Da Brain - Bad Time Bad Place (feat. Mc Megazimze) 33. Oliver Ferrer & Dirtbag - Drop Files 34. Dirtbag - Breaking Feelings

00:00:00 Labrinth - Let It Be (Matrix & Futurebound Remix) 00:03:39 Professor Green - Lullaby (feat. Tori Kelly) [DC Breaks Remix] 00:07:17 Phace & Misanthrop - Sex Sells 00:10:38 Prolix & Mob Tactics - Transmission 00:14:20 Elliphant feat. Skrillex - Only Getting Younger (Milo & Otis remix) [Evol Intent VIP edit] 00:17:50 Metrik - Resonate (feat. ShockOne) 00:22:26 Metrik - Reykjavik 00:26:02 Cynematic - Space City 00:29:31 Original Sin feat Koo - Fire Inside 00:32:48 Original Sin - Labyrinth 00:35:20 Brian Brainstorm - Bomboclat Riddim 00:37:58 Benny Page - Champion Sound (Serial Killaz Remix) [feat. Assassin] 00:41:40 Seven Lions - Strangers (feat. Tove Lo) [Matrix & Futurebound Remix] 00:44:38 Murdock, Submatik & Jenna G - Good Luv (Extended Mix) 00:48:52 Ella Eyre - Comeback (S.P.Y Jungle Remix) 00:51:53 TC - Everything For A Reason (Ivy Lab Remix) 00:55:22 BMotion - Feelings (feat. Jon Lilygreen) 00:57:57 Beta 2 - 2nd Page (feat. Steo) 01:01:18 Foreign Concept - Endless Fade 01:05:48 Ulterior Motive - Tape Pack 01:08:54 Atmos T - Closer 01:11:05 Jam Thieves - Get You Back (feat. Abstract People) 01:13:59 Klax - Blackball 01:15:39 Fracture, Sam Binga & Rider Shafique - She Want It Ruff 01:18:34 Giana Brotherz - Wüstensturm 01:21:25 Frankee - Gully 01:23:27 Icicle - Problem ft. Skittles 01:26:32 Eveson - A Dystopian Romance 01:31:07 Blu Mar Ten - Remembered Her Wrong (Anile remix) 01:34:00 Alex Metric - Heart Weighs A Ton ft. Stefan Storm (Etherwood Remix)

TRACKLIST: 01. Total Science feat. Riya - See Your Face02. Seba - Never Let You Go (Blu Mar Ten Remix)03. Hybrid Minds - Halcyon04. Camo & Krooked - All Night05. Krust - Jazz Note III (Total Science Remix)06. Break - Music Is Better07. Optiv & BTK - Inception (Maztek Remix)08. Heist - Skorponok09. Dez - Drop It10. Wilkinson - Heartbeat (Calyx & Teebee Remix)11. Stone & Gerra - Tenfold12. Teddy Killerz - Violence13. Sinestetik & Kryptomedic - Cheeky14. Abstract People & Kill Da Brain feat. MC Megazimze - No Babylon15. System - Sound Man16. Redeyes - Drive Thru17. Makoto feat. Christian Urich - Girl I'm Running Back 2 U (Random Movement Remix)18. Craggz & Parallel - Nobody19. Bcee - Speak To The Sky20. Brookes Brothers feat. Chrom3 - Carry Me On21. Clipz - Funk Physics22. Ulterior Motive - Lost Contact23. Hazard - Digital Bumble Bees24. Logistics - The Trip25. Mampi Swift - Soldiers26. Aeph - Hudson Hawk27. DC Breaks - Swag28. Tyke & Prestige - Schizophrenia29. Danny Byrd & Brookes Brothers - Get On Ithttp://www.facebook.com/wispyfinDownload PodcastSubscribe

Wilfrid Hodges (School of Mathematical Sciences) gives a talk at the MCMP Colloquium (21 Mar, 2012) titled "What would count as Ibn Sina (11th c. Persia) having first order logic?". Abstract: People debate whether first order logic was invented in 1879, or 1885, or 1928. I will push the boat out much further and discuss the case for around 1025. The question is methodological as much as historical. We have masses of evidence about what Ibn Sina did or didn't know in logic. But his notion of what logic does was so different from ours that there is no straightforward answer to the question 'Did he know first order logic?'. I will give the case for the answer Yes and the case for the answer No.