Podcasts about Takahashi

Last time we spoke about Operation Chahar. In the turbulent year of 1935, tensions surged in North China as the Kwantung Army defied Tokyo's orders, encroaching deeper into Chahar province. This period was marked by widespread anti-Japanese sentiments, fueled by local revolts and the assassination of pro-Japanese figures, which infuriated Japanese authorities. On May 20, the Kwantung Army launched an offensive against a bandit group led by Sun Yungqin, seeking to exert control over the demilitarized regions established by earlier agreements. Their swift victory forced the resignation of local officials opposing Japanese interests. As chaos escalated, the Chinese government, under pressure to appease Japan, dismantled anti-Japanese factions and dismissed key leaders. The climax in this saga came with the signing of the He-Umezu Agreement, stripping China of authority in Hubei and Chahar, signaling Japan's increasing dominance and setting the stage for further exploitation of the region.   #150 The February 26 Incident Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. While this podcast is supposed to be given through the Chinese perspective, I apologize but yet again I need to jump over to the Japanese side. You see, a very pivotal moment during the Showa era would occur in the year of 1936. I think it's crucial to understand it, and the underlying issues of it, to better understand what we will be stuck in for the unforeseeable future, the Second Sino-Japanese War. I've briefly mentioned the two factions within the Japanese military at this time, but now I'd really like to jump into them, and a major incident that made them collide. In the aftermath of WW1, 2 prominent factions emerged during this tumultuous period: the Kodoha, or Imperial Way Faction, and the Toseiha, or Control Faction. Each faction represented distinct visions for Japan's future, deeply influencing the nation's course leading up to World War II. The Kodoha rose to prominence in the 1920s, driven by a fervent belief in Japan's divine destiny and its right to expand its imperial reach across Asia. This faction was characterized by its adherence to traditional Japanese values, rooted in the samurai ethos. They viewed the Emperor as the embodiment of Japan's spirit and sought to return to the moral foundations they believed had been eroded by “Western influence”. The Kodoha was often critical of the West, perceiving the encroachment of Western thought and culture as a threat to Japan's unique identity. Their ideology emphasized a robust military force, advocating for aggressive campaigns in regions like Manchuria and China to assert Japan's dominance. Contrasting sharply with the Kodoha, the Toseiha began to emerge as a more dominant political force in the late 1930s. The Toseiha embraced a pragmatic approach, advocating for a disciplined military that could engage effectively with the complexities of modern warfare. They recognized the importance of retaining some traditional values while also integrating Western military techniques. Rather than rejecting Western influence entirely, the Toseiha believed in adapting to global shifts to ensure Japan's strength and security. The Toseiha's moderation extended to their governance strategies, as they prioritized political stability and control over radical ideology. They saw this approach as crucial for creating a robust state capable of managing Japan's expansionist ambitions without provoking the backlash that Kodoha tactics elicited. Their more calculated approach to military expansion included securing partnerships and pursuing diplomatic solutions alongside military action, thereby presenting a less confrontational image to the world. Now after Manchuria was seized and Manchukuo was ushered in, many in the Japanese military saw a crisis emerge, that required a “showa restoration' to solve. Both factions aimed to create military dictatorships under the emperor. The Kodoha saw the USSR as the number one threat to Japan and advocated an invasion of them, aka the Hokushin-ron doctrine, but the Toseiha faction prioritized a national defense state built on the idea they must build Japans industrial capabilities to face multiple enemies in the future. What really separated the two, was the Kodoha sought to use a violent coup d'etat to make ends meet, whereas the Toseiha were unwilling to go so far. The Kodoha faction was made up mostly of junior and youthful officers, typically country boys as we would call them. These were young men whose families were not the blue bloods, farmer types. They viewed the dramatic changes of Japan in light of their own family experiences, many were impoverished by the dramatic changes. A very specific thing these Kodoha boys hated were the Zaibatsu. The Zaibatsu were large Japanese business conglomerates, primarily active from the Meiji period until WW2. They combined various industries, including banking, manufacturing, and trading. Prominent examples included Mitsubishi and Sumitomo. The reason they hated the Zaibatsu was because they believed they were influenced by western thought and that they super succeeded the authority of the emperor. More or less you can think of it as “we hate the fat cats who are really running things”.   Now the Toseiha faction were willing to work with the Zaibatsu to make Japan stronger. Basically they believed them to just be a necessary evil, you had to play ball to get things rolling. Random note, Hirohito's brother Prince Chichibu sympathized with the Kodoha faction and repeatedly counseled his brother that he should implement direct imperial rule even if it meant suspending the constitution, aka a show restoration. Hirohito believed his brother who was active in the IJA at the time was being radicalized. Now I cant go through the entire history of it, but this time period is known as the “government by assassination” period for Japan. Military leaders in the IJA, IJN and from within the Kodoha and Toseiha factions kept assassinating politicians and senior officers to push envelopes forward. Stating all of that, I now want to talk about the February 26th incident and I will add I am using a specific source, simply because it's my favorite. That is Herbert P Bix's Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan. In late 1934, several officers from the Imperial Way faction at the Army Cadet School were arrested for plotting a coup. Although there were no immediate repercussions, the following year, two of the same Kodoha officers, named Isobe Asaichi and Muranaka Takaji were arrested again for distributing a document accusing Toseiha faction officers, like Major General Nagata Tetsuzan, of previously drafting coup plans against the government. This time, the army's upper echelons responded firmly, condemning Isobe and Muranaka's accusations as acts of disloyalty, resulting in both officers losing their commissions. Meanwhile, other Imperial Way officers sought retaliation against Nagata, who was rumored to be planning a major purge to eliminate factionalism within the army. Tatsukichi Minobe was a Japanese statesman and scholar of constitutional law and in the 1930s he began a movement bringing up the very real issue with the Meiji constitution in relation to the role of the emperor. In August 1935, amid a populist movement denouncing Minobe's interpretation of the constitution, Lt colonel Aizawa Saburo from Kodoha faction entered Nagata's office and fatally attacked him with his katana. This marked a significant escalation in the military struggle over state reform and the push for increased military funding, which was intertwined with the movement against Minobe. Meanwhile anti- Prime Minister Okada factions within the army, continuing to use slogans like “kokutai clarification” and “denounce the organ theory,” intensified their attacks on the emperor's advisers and hereditary peers. Senior generals from the Kodoha faction arranged a public court-martial for Aizawa, held by the 1st Division, a group heavily populated by Kodoha officers based in Tokyo. When Aizawa's trial commenced on January 12, 1936, his defense team transformed it into an emotional condemnation of the Okada cabinet, the court entourage, and Minobe's constitutional theories. This strategy garnered support across the nation, even reaching unexpected places like the imperial palace, where Dowager Empress Teimei Kogo, a staunch rightist, expressed sympathy for Aizawa. However, before the trial could progress, a military mutiny disrupted proceedings in the capital. Shockwaves rippled through the army after Army Minister Hayashi dismissed Kodoha member General Mazaki from his position overseeing military education and ordered the transfer of the 1st Division to Manchuria, which ignited the largest army uprising in modern Japanese history. The uprising was orchestrated through a series of meetings held from February 18 to 22 by key individuals including Nishida, Yasuhide Kurihara, Teruzō Andō, Hisashi Kōno, Takaji Muranaka, and Asaichi Isobe. Their plan was relatively straightforward: the officers would assassinate the most prominent adversaries of the kokutai, seize control of the administrative center of the capital and the Imperial Palace, and present their demands, which included the dismissal of certain officials and the establishment of a new cabinet led by Mazaki. They did not establish long-term goals, believing that those should be determined by the Emperor. However, it is suspected that they were prepared to replace Hirohito with Prince Chichibu if necessary. The young Kodoha officers felt they had at least implicit support from several influential Imperial Japanese Army officers after making informal inquiries. This group included figures such as Araki, Minister of War Yoshiyuki Kawashima, Jinzaburō Mazaki, Tomoyuki Yamashita, Kanji Ishiwara, Shigeru Honjō, as well as their immediate superiors, Kōhei Kashii and Takeo Hori. Later, Kawashima's successor as Minister of War remarked that if all the officers who had endorsed the rebellion were forced to resign, there would not have been enough high-ranking officers left to replace them. To articulate their intentions and grievances, the young officers prepared a document titled "Manifesto of the Uprising" “Kekki Shuisho”, which they intended to present to the Emperor. Although the document was authored by Muranaka, it was written under the name of Shirō Nonaka, the highest-ranking officer involved in the plot. The document aligned with Kokutai Genri-ha ideals, criticizing the genrō, political leaders, military factions, zaibatsu, bureaucrats, and political parties for jeopardizing the kokutai with their selfishness and disregard for the Emperor, and emphasized the need for direct action: “Now, as we face immense foreign and domestic challenges, if we do not eliminate the disloyal and unjust who threaten the kokutai, if we do not remove the villains obstructing the Emperor's authority and hindering the Restoration, the Imperial vision for our nation will come to naught [...] Our duty is to purge the malevolent ministers and military factions surrounding the Emperor and eradicate their influence; we shall fulfill this mission.” Seven targets were selected for assassination for "threatening the kokutai". Keisuke Okada served as Prime Minister, where he notably advocated for the London Naval Treaty and supported the "organ theory" of the kokutai. His actions reflect a commitment to international agreements and specific ideological principles at the time. Saionji Kinmochi, a Genrō and former Prime Minister, also supported the London Naval Treaty. However, his influence extended further, as he played a role in prompting the Emperor to establish inappropriate cabinets, impacting political stability. Makino Nobuaki, the former Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal and Foreign Minister, was another key figure who supported the London Naval Treaty. He notably prevented Prince Fushimi from voicing protests to the Emperor during this period, and he established a court faction in collaboration with Saitō, further entrenching political alliances. In his capacity as Grand Chamberlain, Kantarō Suzuki supported the London Naval Treaty but faced criticism for "obstructing the Imperial virtue," suggesting tensions between political decisions and traditional values. Saitō Makoto, who served as Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal and former Prime Minister, was involved in advocating for the London Naval Treaty and played a significant role in Mazaki's dismissal. He, too, formed a court faction with Makino, indicating the intricacies of court politics. Takahashi Korekiyo, as Finance Minister and former Prime Minister, engaged in party politics with the aim of diminishing military influence. His approach was focused on maintaining the existing economic structure amid the shifting political landscape. Finally, Jōtarō Watanabe, who replaced Mazaki as Inspector General of Military Education, supported the "organ theory" of the kokutai yet faced criticism for refusing to resign, despite being considered unsuitable for his position. On the night of February 25, Tokyo experienced a heavy snowfall, which uplifted the rebel officers as it evoked memories of the 1860 Sakuradamon Incident. During this event, political activists known as shishi assassinated Ii Naosuke, the chief advisor to the Shōgun, in the name of the Emperor. The rebel forces, organized into six groups, began mobilizing their troops and departing from their barracks between 3:30 and 4:00 AM. At 5:00 AM, they launched simultaneous attacks on key targets, including Okada, Takahashi, Suzuki, Saito, the Ministry of War, and the headquarters of the Tokyo Metropolitan Police. At around five o'clock on the morning of February 26, 1936, a rebellion erupted, fueled by the long-standing tensions surrounding the kokutai issues that had plagued 1935. Twenty-two junior officers led over 1,400 armed soldiers and non-commissioned officers from three regiments of the 1st Division and an infantry unit of the Imperial Guards in a mutiny in snow-covered Tokyo. The attack on Okada involved a contingent of 280 men from the 1st Infantry Regiment, commanded by 1st Lieutenant Yasuhide Kurihara. The troops encircled the Prime Minister's Residence and compelled its guards to open the gates. Upon entering the compound, they attempted to locate Prime Minister Okada but were met with gunfire from four policemen stationed there. All four policemen were killed, wounding six rebel soldiers in the process. However, the shots served as a warning for Okada, prompting his brother-in-law, Colonel Denzō Matsuo, to help him find refuge. Matsuo, who closely resembled Okada, was eventually discovered by the soldiers and killed. After comparing Matsuo's wounded face to a photograph of the prime minister, the attackers mistakenly believed they had accomplished their mission. Okada managed to escape the following day, but this information was kept confidential, and he did not play any further role in the events. After Matsuo's death, Kurihara's men took up guard positions around the compound, reinforced by sixty soldiers from the 3rd Imperial Guard. In another key operation, Captain Kiyosada Kōda led a group of 160 men to seize control of the Minister of War's residence, the Ministry of War, and the General Staff Office. Upon entering the Minister's residence at 6:30 AM, they demanded to see Minister Kawashima. Once admitted, they read their manifesto aloud and presented a document detailing several demands, including: A prompt resolution to the situation that would further "advance the cause of the Restoration." A call to prevent the use of force against the Righteous Army. The arrest of Kazushige Ugaki (Governor-General of Korea), Jirō Minami (commander of the Kwantung Army), Kuniaki Koiso (commander of the Korean Army), and Yoshitsugu Tatekawa for their roles in undermining military command. The immediate dismissal of Lieutenant Colonel Akira Mutō, Colonel Hiroshi Nemoto, and Major Tadashi Katakura from the Imperial Japanese Army for promoting "factionalism." The appointment of Araki as the new commander of the Kwantung Army. Ugaki, who served as Minister of War during two separate terms, had overseen significant reductions and modernization efforts within the army. He had also failed to support the March Incident plotters, who had hoped to install him as Prime Minister. Minami, Mutō, Nemoto, and Katakura were all influential members of the Tōsei-ha faction; Katakura had been partly responsible for reporting on the Military Academy Incident. Later that morning, Isobe encountered Katakura outside the Ministry of War and shot him non-fatally in the head. During this tumultuous period, several officers sympathetic to the rebels, including General Mazaki, General Tomoyuki Yamashita, and General Ryū Saitō, joined the uprising. Saitō praised the young officers' spirit and encouraged Kawashima to accept their demands. Shortly before 9:00 am, Kawashima indicated he needed to speak with the Emperor and left for the Imperial Palace. Meanwhile, Captain Hisashi Kōno led a team of seven, comprised mostly of civilians, to attack Makino Nobuaki, who was staying at Kōfūsō, part of the ryokan Itōya in Yugawara, Kanagawa Prefecture, with his family. Arriving at 5:45 am, they stationed two men outside while entering the inn with weapons drawn. Inside, policemen opened fire, leading to a lengthy exchange of gunfire. A policeman managed to alert Makino and his party of the danger, guiding them to a rear exit. Although the assassins fired at the escaping group, Makino successfully evaded capture. Kōno sustained a gunshot wound to the chest, and one policeman, Yoshitaka Minagawa, was killed. As Kōno was evacuated from the scene, the assailants set fire to the building. Hearing a gunshot, Kōno assumed that Makino had shot himself inside. After his recovery at a nearby military hospital, Kōno and his team were arrested by military police. Around 10:00 am, Kurihara and Nakahashi loaded a fleet of three trucks with sixty men and drove from the Prime Minister's Residence to the offices of the Asahi Shimbun, a significant liberal newspaper. They stormed the building, ordering the evacuation of employees and declaring their actions as "divine retribution for being an un-Japanese newspaper." The rebels then overturned and scattered the newspaper's type trays, containing 4,000 different characters, temporarily halting its publication. Following this attack, the men distributed copies of the uprising's manifesto to nearby newspapers before returning to the Prime Minister's Residence. On another front, 1st Lieutenant Motoaki Nakahashi of the 3rd Imperial Guard gathered 135 men and, under the pretext of paying respects at Yasukuni Shrine, marched to Takahashi Korekiyo's residence. There, he divided his forces, sending one group to attack while the other remained to guard the entrance. After breaking into the compound, Nakahashi and Lieutenant Kanji Nakajima found Takahashi in bed, where Nakahashi shot him while Nakajima delivered a fatal sword strike. Takahashi died without waking. Once his target was eliminated, Nakahashi regrouped with the soldiers and proceeded to the Imperial Palace, aiming to secure it. Entering through the western Hanzō Gate at 6:00 am, Nakahashi informed Major Kentarō Honma, the palace guard commander, that he had been dispatched to reinforce the gates due to earlier attacks. Honma, already aware of the uprisings, accepted Nakahashi's arrival. He was assigned to help secure the Sakashita Gate, the primary entrance to the Emperor's residence. Nakahashi planned to signal nearby rebel troops at police headquarters once he controlled access to the Emperor. However, he struggled to contact his allies, and by 8:00 am, Honma learned of his involvement in the uprising and ordered him, at gunpoint, to vacate the palace grounds. Nakahashi complied and returned to join Kurihara at the Prime Minister's Residence, while his soldiers remained at the gate until relieved later that day, preventing their inclusion in the government's official count of rebel forces. Elsewhere, 1st Lieutenant Naoshi Sakai led a detachment of 120 men from the 3rd Infantry Regiment to Saitō Makoto's home in Yotsuya. After surrounding the policemen on guard, five soldiers entered the residence and found Saitō and his wife, Haruko, in their bedroom. They shot Saitō dead, prompting Haruko to plead for her life, saying, "Please kill me instead!" While they pulled her away, she was unwittingly wounded by stray gunfire. Following Saitō's assassination, two officers directed another group to target General Watanabe, while the remaining men moved to strategically position themselves northeast of the Ministry of War. In Kōjimachi, Captain Teruzō Andō commanded 200 men from the 3rd Infantry Regiment to assault Suzuki's residence across from the Imperial Palace. After disarming the police on duty, they located Suzuki in his bedroom and shot him twice. When Andō moved to deliver the coup de grâce with his sword, Suzuki's wife implored to be allowed to do it herself, believing her husband to be fatally wounded. Andō obliged and, apologizing for the act, explained it was for the nation's sake. After saluting Suzuki, the soldiers left to guard the Miyakezaka junction north of the Ministry of War. Following the assault on Saitō, a party of twenty men, led by 2nd Lieutenants Tarō Takahashi and Yutaka Yasuda, headed to Watanabe's residence in Ogikubo after 7:00 AM. Despite the two-hour delay since previous attacks, no measures had been taken to alert Watanabe. As they attempted to storm the front entrance, military police inside opened fire, wounding Yasuda and another soldier. The troops then gained entry through the rear, confronting Watanabe's wife outside their bedroom. After shoving her aside, they found Watanabe using a futon as cover. He opened fire, prompting one soldier to retaliate with a light machine gun. Takahashi then rushed in and fatally stabbed Watanabe, witnessed by his nine-year-old daughter, Kazuko, who hid nearby. The soldiers departed, taking their wounded to a hospital before positioning themselves in northern Nagatachō. In a significant move, Captain Shirō Nonaka led nearly a third of the rebel forces, comprising 500 men from the 3rd Infantry Regiment, to assault the Tokyo Metropolitan Police headquarters. Their objective was to secure communication equipment and prevent dispatch of the police's Emergency Service Unit. Meeting no resistance, they quickly occupied the building, possibly due to a strategic decision to leave the situation in the military's hands. After securing the police headquarters, 2nd Lieutenant Kinjirō Suzuki led a small group to attack Fumio Gotō's residence, the Home Minister's, but found that Gotō was not home, thus allowing him to escape. This attack appeared to result from Suzuki's independent decision, rather than a coordinated effort among the officers. Despite all of these actions, the Kodoha boys had failed to secure the Sakashita Gate to the palace, which allowed the palace to maintain communication with the outside world, and they neglected to address potential naval interventions. At the Yokosuka naval base, Rear Adm. Yonai Mitsumasa and his chief of staff, Inoue Shigeyoshi, positioned marines to defend the Navy Ministry and prepared warships in Tokyo Bay to suppress the rebellion. By the morning of February 28, after unsuccessful negotiations through sympathetic officers at army headquarters, the commander under martial law transmitted an imperial order to disperse. Most troops returned to their barracks, one officer committed suicide, and the remaining leaders surrendered, resulting in the uprising ending with minimal further violence. Nevertheless, martial law in Tokyo continued for nearly five months. The rebel officers had initially planned for General Kawashima, a staunch ally of the Kodoha, to relay their intentions to the emperor, who they assumed would issue a decree for a “Showa restoration.” Despite their radical objectives of overthrowing the political order, the mutineers, like other military and civilian extremists of the 1930s, sought to operate within the imperial framework and maintain the kokutai. They believed the emperor was under the control of his advisers and lacked a genuine will of his own. Once the Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal and the Grand Chamberlain were removed, they expected the emperor to appoint General Mazaki as prime minister, a leader they believed would reinforce the military and effectively address the China issue. At the onset of the insurrection, they had a real chance of success. The Tokyo military police commander, General Kashii Kohei, sympathized with their cause, and the emperor's chief aide, General Honjo, was related to rebel officer Capain Yamaguchi Ichitaro. Support for the mutineers was present at military bases nationwide. Historian Hata Ikuhiko notes that the rebels contacted General Honjo by both phone and written message before attacking the Okada cabinet. As the first in the imperial entourage to learn of the mutiny, Honjo could have warned the intended targets but chose not to do so. By the time he arrived at court at 6:00 am. on the 26th, key advisors like Chief Secretary Kido, Imperial Household Minister Yuasa Kurahei, and Vice Grand Chamberlain Hirohata Tadakata were already aware of the potential danger. Suzuki was murdered, and the emperor was deeply affected, awakening to the news at 5:40 am from the chamberlain on night duty, Kanroji Osanaga. He learned that his old ministers had been attacked and a coup was underway. Upon receiving this information, Hirohito resolved to suppress the uprising. He was outraged by the killing of his ministers and feared that the rebels might use his brother, Prince Chichibu, to force him to abdicate. He donned his army uniform and summoned Honjo, ordering him to “end it immediately and turn this misfortune into a blessing.” Hirohito adopted a strategy proposed by Kido, who had acted swiftly earlier that morning, instructing Honjo to assess the Imperial Guard Division's potential actions if the mutineers advanced on the Palace. Kido aimed to prevent the establishment of a new provisional cabinet until the mutiny was fully quelled. At 9:30 am Army Minister Kawashima, who had previously met with one of the rebel officers, arrived at court. He urged the emperor to form a cabinet that would “clarify the kokutai, stabilize national life, and fulfill national defense.” Surprised by Kawashima's tone, Hirohito reprimanded him for not prioritizing the suppression of the mutiny. He also expressed his frustration to Chief of the Navy General Staff Prince Fushimi, dismissing him when he inquired about forming a new cabinet. Later that day, Kawashima met with the Supreme Military Council, consisting mainly of army officers sympathetic to the rebels. The council decided to attempt persuasion before relaying the emperor's orders a move contrary to Hirohito's directive. According to historian Otabe Yuji, an “instruction” was issued to the rebel officers at 10:50 am, acknowledging their motives and suggesting the emperor might show them leniency. This message was communicated to the ringleaders by martial law commander General Kashii. That evening, when members of the Okada cabinet came to submit their resignations, Hirohito insisted they remain in power until the mutiny was resolved. On February 27, the second day of the uprising, Hirohito announced “administrative martial law” based on Article 8 of the Imperial Constitution. This invoked his sovereign powers to address the crisis while freeing him from needing cabinet approval for his actions. Hirohito displayed remarkable energy throughout the subsequent days, sending chamberlains to summon Honjo for updates and threatening to lead the Imperial Guard Division himself when dissatisfied with the reports. Honjo, however, resisted the emperor's demands and exhibited sympathy for the rebels. During the uprising, Hirohito met with Prince Chichibu, who had recently returned from Hirosaki. Their discussions reportedly led Chichibu to distance himself from the rebels. However, rumors of his sympathy for them persisted, leading to concerns about potential conflicts within the imperial family. On the second day, Rear Admiral Yonai and his chief of staff demonstrated their loyalty to Hirohito. By February 29, the fourth day of the uprising, Hirohito had reasserted his authority, troops were returning to their barracks, and most rebel leaders were captured. Seventeen of these leaders were court-martialed and executed in July without legal representation. Shortly after, during the obon festival, Hirohito allegedly instructed a military aide to secure seventeen obon lanterns for the palace. This action, though secret, may have provided him some personal comfort amidst the turmoil. An investigation following the mutiny revealed that the rebels' sense of crisis was amplified by the recent general elections, which had shown an anti-military sentiment among voters. Despite their populist rhetoric, most ringleaders were not motivated by the agricultural depression; their goal was to support the kokutai by advocating for increased military rearmament. During this period, military spending steadily rose from 3.47% of GNP in 1931 to 5.63% in 1936. Intriguingly, the ringleaders and their senior commanders shared a desire for state control over production to mobilize resources fully for total war. While united in this goal, their ideas about how to achieve a “Showa restoration” varied greatly, with some leaders, like Isobe, calling for complete economic consolidation and a return to strong state power. The February mutiny reinforced Hirohito's belief in the constitutional framework that underpinned his military authority. He became increasingly cautious about decisions that could compromise his command and developed closer ties to the army's Control faction, justifying military spending increases. Yet, the memory of the mutiny left him feeling uncertain about the throne's stability. Now you know me, whenever I can bring up Hirohito's involvement in the war related times I gotta do. After WW2, in an apparent effort to downplay his role as supreme commander, Hirohito provided a deliberately distorted account of the February events. “I issued an order at that time for the rebel force to be suppressed. This brings to mind Machida Chuji, the finance minister. He was very worried about the rebellion's adverse effect on the money market and warned me that a panic could occur unless I took firm measures. Therefore I issued a strong command to have [the uprising] put down. As a rule, because a suppression order also involves martial law, military circles, who cannot issue such an order on their own, need the mutual consent of the government. However, at the time, Okada's whereabouts were unknown. As the attitude of the Army Ministry seemed too lenient, I issued a strict order. Following my bitter experiences with the Tanaka cabinet, I had decided always to wait for the opinions of my advisers before making any decision, and not to go against their counsel. Only twice, on this occasion and at the time of the ending of the war, did I positively implement my own ideas. Ishiwara Kanji of the Army General Staff Office also asked me, through military aide Chojiri [Kazumoto], to issue a suppression order. I don't know what sort of a person Ishiwara is, but on this occasion he was correct, even though he had been the instigator of the Manchurian Incident. Further, my chief military aide, Honjo, brought me the plan drafted by Yamashita Hobun, in which Yamashita asked me to please send an examiner because the three leaders of the rebel army were likely to commit suicide. However, I thought that sending an examiner would imply that they had acted according to their moral convictions and were deserving of respect. . . . So I rejected Honjo's proposal, and [instead] issued the order to suppress them. I received no report that generals in charge of military affairs had gone and urged the rebels to surrender.”  On February 26, when Hirohito ordered the immediate suppression of the rebels, his anger was directed not only at the insurgents who had assassinated his closest advisors but also at senior army officers who were indecisive in executing the crackdown. The following day, in addition to his role as Minister of Commerce and Industry, Machida took on the responsibilities of finance minister. Concerns over economic panic and confusion contributed to the emperor's sense of urgency, despite not being the primary motivation for his actions. Hirohito believed that every hour of delay tarnished Japan's international reputation. Since the Manchurian Incident, the emperor had frequently clashed with the military regarding encroachments on his authority, though never about fundamental policy issues. At times, he had managed to assert his political views during policy discussions, similar to his earlier influence under the Hamaguchi cabinet. The February 26 mutiny highlighted to Hirohito and Yuasa his privy seal from March 1936 to June 1940, and the first lord keeper of the privy seal to attend court regularly the necessity of fully exercising the emperor's supreme command whenever the situation demanded it. Even when faced with opposition from Honjo, Hirohito managed to gain support and assert his authority through a decisive approach. His resolution marked the end of a period during which alienated “young officers” attempted to leverage his influence as a reformist figure to challenge a power structure they could not manipulate effectively. However, Hirohito learned how to adeptly manage that establishment in most situations. The decision-making process within the government was characterized by secrecy, indirect communication, vague policy drafting, and information manipulation, creating a landscape of confusion, misunderstanding, and constant intrigue aimed at achieving consensus among elites. This was the modus operandi in Tokyo and a reflection of how the emperor operated. Once again, Hirohito reminded the tightly-knit elite that he was essential to the functioning of the system. On May 4, 1936, during his address at the opening ceremony of the Sixty-ninth Imperial Diet, while Tokyo remained under martial law, Hirohito closed the chapter on the February mutiny. Initially, he contemplated sending a strong message of censure to the military, but after considerable deliberation over three months, he ultimately chose to issue a brief, innocuous statement: “We regret the recent incident that occurred in Tokyo.” The response from his audience of Diet members and military officials was one of startled awe, with some privately expressing disappointment. Once again, at a critical juncture, Hirohito avoided an opportunity to publicly rein in the military through his constitutional role. Nonetheless, due to his behind-the-scenes actions, the drift in domestic policy that had characterized Japan since the Manchurian Incident came to an end. In the following fourteen months, the emperor and his advisors largely aligned with the army and navy's demands for increased military expansion and state-driven industrial development. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. So some very unruly young Japanese officers got the bright idea of forcing a showa restoration by killing all the culprits they believed held their emperor hostage. Little did they know, this event spelt the end of the Kodoha faction and rise of the Toseiha faction. Henceforth the military was even more in charge and would get even more insane.   

Kelly and Taylor are back to talk more joshi!First, they discuss the events of Marigold's and Stardom's latest Korakuen Hall shows, talk some title matches in Tokyo Joshi, and run through all the action of Meiko Satomura's retirement show, as well as reviewing the joshi action from TAKATaichiMania 4 and even GCW!Then, they preview all the upcoming excitement, including Marigold's big upcoming first anniversary/Nanae Takahashi retirement show as well as the Hana Kimura Memorial Show Fireworks!Check it out!Please follow us on twitter: @jbombaudioYou can support this podcast at http://redcircle.com/jumping-bomb-audio/donationsAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

Kelly and Taylor are back to talk more joshi!First, they discuss the events of Marigold's and Stardom's latest Korakuen Hall shows, talk some title matches in Tokyo Joshi, and run through all the action of Meiko Satomura's retirement show, as well as reviewing the joshi action from TAKATaichiMania 4 and even GCW!Then, they preview all the upcoming excitement, including Marigold's big upcoming first anniversary/Nanae Takahashi retirement show as well as the Hana Kimura Memorial Show Fireworks!Check it out!Please follow us on twitter: @jbombaudioYou can support this podcast at http://redcircle.com/jumping-bomb-audio/donationsSupport this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/jumping-bomb-audio/donationsAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

When an unassuming high schooler solves the mysterious Millennium Puzzle, he unleashes more than just ancient Egyptian magic—he becomes the vessel for a vengeful spirit with a fondness for deadly shadow games! Yet beneath the dark exterior, Yugi Mutou seeks not vengeance but connection, transforming his supernatural curse into a force for friendship.Step into the forgotten realm of Yu-Gi-Oh's origins with Mat and Marvin as they excavate the first volume of Kazuki Takahashi's groundbreaking manga. Long before card battles dominated the franchise, death games ruled supreme—where losers didn't just forfeit life points, they forfeited their lives!Discover the manga's surprising roots as we dissect its quintessentially Shonen theme of friendship. We'll unravel the series' unique premise and debate the burning question: Would this shadow game saga have ever reached Western shores if not for its strategic pivot to trading card combat?Join us for a nostalgic journey back to where it all began—when "It's time to duel" meant something far more sinister than a card game!​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​Thanks to Juliano Zucareli for our theme music!Find us on:X: Manga Tak PodBluesky: Manga Tak PodInstagram: Manga Tak Pod

For more of my latest content, subscribe to my YouTube channel, Dark Asia with Megan and join our awesome community. Your support means everything, and I can't wait to share more Asian cases with you! On Other Platforms: • TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@darkasiawithmegan • Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/darkasiawithmegan • Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/darkasiameganlee

#switch2 #nintendo #astralchain #philspencer #xbox #microsoft #manynightsawhisper #podcast #gtmrestart ¡Ya está la ración semanal de tu podcast favorito! Con la participación de: ✔️ Juan Tejerina · @jtvillamuera ✔️ Ramiro Díez · @Ramisfactions ✔️ Juan Pedro Prat · @JuanpePrat_ ✔️ Dan Puerta al Sótano · @dan_chaos ✔️ Yugita-Chan · @YugitaChanE ✔️ Javier Bello · @Javi_B_C Intro musical de GTM Restart creada por Pitypob · @pitypob2 ✌ Cuña publicitaria cortesía de Javier Bello · @Javi_B_C ⚙️ Edición y Montaje: Javier Bello · @Javi_B_C GTM LINKTREE: https://linktr.ee/gtmediciones Canal de Yugita-chan: https://www.youtube.com/@YugitaChan Canal de Dan: https://www.youtube.com/@Dan-PuertaAlSotano ================ ACTUALIDAD - Nueva oleada de subidas de precios en la industra, en esta ocasion, Xbox sube el precio de sus consolas, periféricos y videojuegos. Por otro lado, Microsoft presenta sus resultados trimestrales con cifras récord. - Takahashi Taura, diseñador y director de videojuegos como NieR Automata, Astral Chain o Metal Gear Rising, se une al éxodo masivo de Platinum Games. - Llegan las tarjetas virtuales con la última gran actualización de Nintendo Switch de cara a Nintendo Switch 2. Efectivamente, esta actualización tampoco se ha librado de la polémica. CHARLAMOS CON - Hoy charlamos con Guillermo Ferrando, del estudio indie Selkie Harbour sobre "Many Nights a Whisper" un videojuego que han co-desarrollado junto a Deconstructeam. ✔️ Selkie Harbour · @SelkieHarbour https://store.steampowered.com/app/3541130/Many_Nights_a_Whisper/ RECTA FINAL - Como siempre, cerraremos hablando de los juegos que nos han ocupado esta semana junto con la ración de caspa habitual que tanto os gusta de postre. ================ 0:00 CUÑA PUBLICITARIA 0:54 INTRO 8:47 XBOX SUBE PRECIOS 33:37 TAKAHASHI TAURA 48:24 TARJETAS VIRTUALES 1:03:59 MANY NIGHTS A WHISPER 1:53:45 RECTA FINAL ================ GTM (Games Tribune Magazine) 2025 @GamesTribune www.gamestribune.com

Tune in to this week's episode of Kaizoku Uncharted! We're going off the course to discuss Demon Lord 2099. Jakia and Justin wonder, was Marcus always trash?  Will Vel ever increase his powers through streaming? Will Machina stop leaving? And will Takahashi earn the title of vassal? So many questions. 

Japan Baseball: Seibu Lions Pitcher Kona Takahashi Earns 1st Win since Sept. '23

Um dos maiores nomes da fisioterapia esportiva do país, Ricardo Takahashi é o entrevistado desta semana do Podcast TenisBrasil. Grande estudioso e com 25 anos de experiência na área, ele afirma que a maior parte das contusões entre amadores vêm da sobrecarga de jogos e treinos.Takahashi, que hoje ajuda Luisa Stefani, fala também das contusões mais comuns, reforça a importância do material esportiva, mas também desmistifica a questão do tennis elbow e da necessidade de se jogar no saibro conforme a idade avança.

Takahashi Kazuki's Yu-Gi-Oh! is a worldwide phenomenon that needs no introduction, since the anime has been airing in one incarnation or another every week for the past 25 years, and the card game is still going strong. But this week, our Grand Tour takes us to the most mysterious corner of the Yu-Gi-Oh! kingdom, and one many listeners probably haven't seen before: The original 1998 anime by Toei Animation, which ran for 27 episodes and one short film, adapting the first 7 volumes of Takahashi's manga. After airing on Japanese TV and releasing on VHS, the series has never been re-released, re-aired, dubbed, or distributed in any form, meaning it only survives through fan preservation efforts. And that preservation is very much worthwhile, because while this Yu-Gi-Oh! is an uneven, aesthetically wonky, and frequently bizarre series, it's also a deeply endearing one with a lot worth recommending, especially for fans of Takahashi's original manga and the material that never made it into the second, more famous anime adaptation. It also has an absolutely killer voice cast, both in the main ensemble and for the weekly guest stars, with a line-up of absolutely legendary seiyuu doing fantastic work. Like Yugi himself, this little show packs a whole lot of heart. Time Chart:Theme Song: 0:00:00 – 0:01:15Intro and History: 0:01:15 – 1:42:06Eyecatch Break: 1:42:06 – 1:42:51Welcome to the N.H.K. Review: 1:42:51 – 3:32:41End Theme: 3:32:41 – 3:33:42Enjoy, and come back next week as we return to the dawn of the slice-of-life comedy anime with 2002's Azumanga Daioh: The Animation! Subscribe to our YouTube channels! Japanimation Station: https://www.youtube.com/c/japanimationstation  Purely Academic: https://www.youtube.com/@purelyacademicpodcastRead Jonathan Lack's movie reviews and stay up to date with all our podcast projects at https://www.jonathanlack.comSubscribe to PURELY ACADEMIC, our monthly variety podcast about movies, video games, TV, and more: https://purelyacademic.simplecast.comRead Jonathan's book 200 Reviews in Paperback or on Kindle – https://a.co/d/bLx53vK“Welcome to Japanimation Station” – Music by Thomas Lack, Lyrics by Sean Chapman, featuring Hatsune Miku. “Happily Ever After” – Music & Lyrics by Thomas Lack, featuring Hatsune Miku. https://www.thomaslack.com

In a boarding house full of eccentric tenants, is there room for love between a bumbling student and his grief stricken landlady? Well, if Yusaku Godai can't get out of his own way long enough to get into University, what chance does he have of ever winning the heart of the beautiful Kyoko Otonashi!?Often celebrated as Rumiko Takahashi's masterpiece, Maison Ikkoku trades the alien antics of Urusei Yatsura and martial arts mayhem of Ranma 1/2 for something more grounded—a slice-of-life romance that showcases her storytelling maturity.Join Mat and returning guest AC (our resident Takahashi Correspondent) as they discuss how this seinen story maintains Takahashi's signature style while breaking new ground. They'll unpack the series' incredible cast of characters, impeccable pacing, and how, despite having the least likeable main character of all Takahashi's works, they still find themselves rooting for romance between the frustratingly indecisive Godai and the emotionally guarded Kyoko!Thanks to Juliano Zucareli for our theme music!Find us on:X: Manga Tak PodBluesky: Manga Tak PodInstagram: Manga Tak Pod

Leandro Vieira recebe Albert Takahashi, planejador financeiro e sócio da Rentável Investimentos, que explica como realizar e executar um plano financeiro e a importância dessa disciplina para empreendedores.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In this episode, I speak with Roger Takahashi.  Roger is the former Head Strength and Conditioning Coach of the Vancouver Canucks.   Total Hockey Training Online Community-  https://www.skool.com/total-hockey-training-4664/about Total Hockey Training Online Training- https://marketplace.trainheroic.com/workout-plan/team/total-hockey-training

Have you ever met a professional surfer who is happy when others win championships? Rick Takahashi has won 16 national surfing championships as well as acquired sponsors in the firearms industry. He talks about his mindset, his surfing career, his history training with rifles and pistols, following his instincts and surviving the 2002 Bali bombing that killed 202 people.

In this episode, Xan dives into Takahashi from the Bike Shop by Arare Matsumushi   - a critically acclaimed josei romance about an office worker falling for a blunt bicycle shop owner. Despite its unconventional art style, this Yen Press title has captured readers' hearts. But does the storytelling overcome its visual quirks? Join us as we explore what makes this slice-of-life manga work (or not)! ----more---- Support the show: Help us keep creating content at tinyurl.com/spiraken - special thanks to our anonymous donors! Engage with us: Subscribe to our YouTube: youtube.com/@spiraken Follow @spiraken on Twitter/X, Bluesky, and Instagram Join our Discord Support on Patreon Rate us on Apple Podcasts Random Question of the Day: What life experience of a josei mangaka would you most want to read about? Comment below! #Spiraken #MangaReview #JoseiManga #TakahashiFromTheBikeShop #ArareMatsumushi #YenPress #RomanceManga #SliceOfLife #WheelOfManga #MangaRecommendations #MangaPodcast Music Credits:

Badminton: Japan's Otake/Takahashi Pair Wins German Open Title

Adepte de la contre programmation, la vidéo du jour ne concerne pas Pokémon mais plutôt Xenoblade et son futur ! Au gré des interviews de Takahashi on va voir ce qui est possible ainsi que les portes qui se sont définitivement fermés.

Episode #360 of BGMania: A Video Game Music Podcast. This week on the show, Bryan from RPGera closes out the month of February 2025 with another eclectic mix in Radio Hour, Volume 72! Email the show at bgmaniapodcast@gmail.com with requests for upcoming episodes, questions, feedback, comments, concerns, or whatever you want! Special thanks to our Executive Producers: Jexak, Xancu & Jeff. EPISODE PLAYLIST AND CREDITS São Paulo -Sean's Theme- from Street Fighter III: 2nd Impact - Giant Attack [Hideki Okugawa, 1997] Sugar and Spice -Konpeito Swamps Exploration- from Cuisineer [Yishan Mai, 2023] Live Gloriously -Main Theme- from Civilization VII [Christopher Tin feat. Crouch End Festival Chorus & FILMHarmonic Orchestra, 2025] Whatever It Takes from Eternal Strands [Austin Wintory, 2025] RAVEVENGE from Rift of the NecroDancer [Alex Moukala feat. Aram Zero, 2025] Overthinker from Rift of the NecroDancer [Jules Conroy (FamilyJules), 2025] Final Fugue from Rift of the NecroDancer [Danny Baranowsky, 2025] Winds of War from Growlanser: Heritage of War [Kenichi Tsuchiya & Eisuke Seki, 2006] Wings of Freedom from Metaphor: ReFantazio [Shoji Meguro feat. Maiko Katagiri, 2024] Battle in Flames from Zai Metajo [Yōji Takahashi, Masaomi Hada, Toshihiro Takagi & Takehiro Nakai, 1996] Ending -Japan Version- from Bad Dudes Vs. DragonNinja [Azusa Hara & Hiroaki Yoshida, 1988] The Blot Escapes from Disney's Epic Mickey [James Dooley, 2010] Freefall from Star Fighter [A. M. Perrins, 1995] See You in Hell from Lost Records: Bloom & Rage [Nora Kelly Band, 2025] SUPPORT US Patreon: https://patreon.com/rpgera CONTACT US Website: https://rpgera.com Discord: https://discord.gg/cC73Heu Twitch: https://twitch.tv/therpgera Twitter: https://twitter.com/OriginalLDG Instagram: https://instagram.com/bryan.ldg/ Facebook: https://facebook.com/leveldowngaming RPGERA PODCAST NETWORK Very Good Music: A VGM Podcast Listening Religiously

À l'occasion de la sortie de son livre La Légende Xenoblade, nous recevons ce mois-ci Jérémie Priam !Au programme :

Takahashi From the Bike Shop by Arare Matsumushi This month's manga is a romance about a 30-year-old office lady and the rough-around-the-edges bike shop owner she meets in her neighborhood. Learn more! Get it! Join our Discord!

Sound Teams est un podcast de Third Éditions qui décrypte la musique de jeu vidéo. Ce vingt-troisième numéro s'intéresse à la musique de la trilogie Xenoblade.Les bandes-originales de la trilogie Xenoblade font clairement partie des plus impressionnantes de la sphère du J-RPG, notamment à partir du deuxième épisode, où les moyens déployés ont été colossaux pour offrir aux musiques une qualité de production éclatante. Ces OST regorgent de morceaux mémorables, aux couleurs variées et aux émotions profondes. Comment les différentes esthétiques musicales de la trilogie se sont construites et ont évolué au fil des épisodes ? Pour y répondre, Damien Mecheri reçoit le compositeur et sound designer Julien Goyon, ainsi que Jérémie Priam, l'auteur de notre ouvrage La Légende Xenoblade.Au sommaire de ce numéro : - 00:00 | Introduction- 03:15 | La contre-vérité : Yasunori Mitsuda est-il le compositeur attitré de Xenoblade ?- 06:20 | Les coulisses de la musique des Xenoblade- 24:50 | À la bouche : les musiques données en exemple par Takahashi- 29:20 | Musiques d'exploration et musiques de combat- 01:14:20 | Les recommandations- 01:17:20 | La narration musicale : l'accompagnement des cutscenes- 01:55:21 | L'actualité de ThirdN'hésitez pas à nous faire part de vos retours en commentaire et à noter le podcast !Générique composé par Hiroki Kikuta

The Sail GP is making its way to Sydney this weekend. The Black Foils has a disappointing showing in Auckland, failing to make the final as Australia claimed the victory. Flight Controller Leo Takahashi joined Piney to discuss their hopes for the weekend. “There were definitely some points in our game that definitely weren't up to standard that weekend, and I think, y'know, we've definitely regrouped and made some solid plans to attack it in Sydney this weekend.” LISTEN ABOVE See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Check out my Tronic Radio on your favorite streaming platforms here: https://ssyncc.com/tronic-podcast Make sure to check out Astro aka Akihisa Takahashi's new ''Dialga EP'' out now: https://www.submithub.com/link/tr520 01.Astro aka Akihisa Takahashi - Dialga [Tronic] 02.Antic Soul - Kaukasus (Ferdinger Remix) [Safe Space] 03.DJ Dextro - A Leveza Do Ser [Sway] 04.Axel Karakasis - Clutter [Remain Records] 05.Dog on Acid - Another Night In The Ghetto [H-Productions] 06.Christian Smith & John Selway - Supercollider [Tronic] 07.David Moleon - Coone [Unrilis] 08.P-ben - Drum Designer [Loose Records] 09.D-Unity - Get Ready [Tronic] 10.SERA J - Your Soul Is Art [Mutual Rytm] 11.DJ Dextro - Cromatica [Voltaire Music] 12.Ackermann - Feel Like Fucking [RSPX] 13.Aladarus - Ashela [Tronic] 14.Filipe Barbosa - Puma [Tronic] 15.David Moleon - Lost Bullet [Techsturbation Records] 16.Raffaele Attanasio - Ulisse [ANAOH] 17.Brankelo - Reminiscence [Planet Rhythm] This show is syndicated & distributed exclusively by Syndicast. If you are a radio station interested in airing the show or would like to distribute your podcast / radio show please register here: https://syndicast.co.uk/distribution/registration

Last time we spoke about the Ishiwara Kanji. Born in 1889 in Japan, Kanji Ishiwara was the son of a policeman from a samurai lineage. He entered military training at 13, rising through the ranks to become a Major and a respected lecturer. His unconventional views on military strategy and history led him to predict a prolonged conflict with the United States. Deeply influenced by Nichiren Buddhism, he envisioned Japan as a moral leader destined to guide Asia, advocating for reform in China while grappling with his nation's imperial ambitions. In 1928, ishiwara fell ill with influenza, leading to a six-month hospitalization. During recovery, he joined an elite study group discussing war theories. His lectures on total war gained fame, culminating in a presentation to Kwantung officers. Amid rising tensions in Japan, he advocated for control over Manchuria, believing Japan had a moral duty to stabilize China. His theories on warfare, including the devastating potential of airpower, foreshadowed the horrors of future conflicts, influencing Japan's military strategies.   #137 Ishiwara Kanji Part 2: The Mukden Incident Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War.   For the next two and a half years, Ishiwara and Itagaki collaborated with other members of the Kwantung Army to address what they perceived as the Manchurian issue. By the mid-1930s, the belief that Manchuria needed to be forcibly seized had become the prevailing opinion among the Kwantung Army. Ishiwara was convinced that Japan could no longer remain passive in Manchuria, as each passing day meant Japan was gradually losing its rights and interests in the region to China, risking expulsion. Abandoning Manchuria would be a national catastrophe, resulting in the loss of a crucial buffer state, valuable resources, and land for Japan's growing population to settle. In essence, Manchuria was vital for Japan's survival and growth. Ishiwara would often say “manchuria provides Japan with breathing space” where have we heard that type of talk before?. To the military heads in Tokyo Ishikawa would often assert Manchuria had to be seized via force, because of the soviet threat of the USSR and communism as a whole “In view of the traditional russian policy in that area, once the soviets advanced into manchuria, it would become a base for the communization of asia. Not only would the internal stability of manchuria become impossible to maintain, but Japan would be unable to maintain its own national defense, and China's defenses, too, would become imperialized". The Army Headquarters in Tokyo also recognized that Manchuria was a crucial defensive line against the USSR. However, unlike the Kwantung Army, which aimed to control all of Manchuria, the leaders in Tokyo focused on incorporating southern Manchuria through the South Manchurian Railway and did not pursue any territory north of it. Ishiwara, on the other hand, believed that the only way for Japan to prevent the USSR from exerting pressure on southern Manchuria was to occupy northern Manchuria and extend even further north toward the Amur River. This would allow Japan to control the mountain ranges that bordered the western and eastern frontiers of northern Manchuria. Once Japan controlled northern Manchuria, Ishiwara stated in 1931 “With the solution of our defense problems in the north, we would then be free to plan an advance in any direction: to China proper, for example, or even to Southeast Asia”. Ishiwara advanced his ideas significantly after Japan's conquest of Manchuria, recognizing the necessity of effectively administering and pacifying its diverse populations. He posited that the stability of Manchuria could be achieved through the unique skills and contributions of the various ethnic groups residing there. For instance, he believed that the Chinese would excel in developing small businesses, while the Koreans would apply their expertise in paddy farming. These racial dynamics, according to Ishiwara, would play a crucial role in the development of Manchukuo and the broader vision of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. However, it was clear that, above all, Manchuria was intended to serve Japan's interests, many of which were exploitative and economically driven. By early 1930, Ishiwara and his colleague Itagaki devised a military strategy reminiscent of the tactics employed during the Russo-Japanese War, specifically a surprise night attack. Their plan involved the Kwantung Army launching an assault on the Liaoning region, targeting key Chinese garrisons. This operation required meticulous planning, as the Kwantung Army was significantly outnumbered by the forces commanded by Zhang Xueliang. In the vicinity of Mukden alone, Zhang commanded approximately 20,000 well-equipped troops, supported by aircraft and tanks. Across Manchuria, he could mobilize around 250,000 soldiers in the event of conflict. In stark contrast, the Kwantung Army could only field about 10,000 personnel, primarily composed of garrison units stationed along the railway. They lacked substantial air support and mechanized units, and their overall equipment was inadequate. To address this stark imbalance in military strength, Ishiwara emphasized the importance of intelligence and rigorous training. He aimed to refine specific assault techniques, enabling Japanese forces to execute rapid and concentrated attacks that would overwhelm their Chinese adversaries. The overarching strategy was notably straightforward: it hinged on delivering a decisive blow to the heart of Zhang Xueliang's military stronghold at the Peitaying barracks in Mukden. Ishiwara believed that if this critical target fell, it would shatter the enemy's morale, providing the Kwantung Army with the necessary military and psychological momentum to dominate the surrounding regions. However, he acknowledged that if the Soviet Union intervened, the entire plan could unravel catastrophically. One important variable Ishiwara highlighted was the necessity to pull off the operation before any attempt to restructure the domestic order in Japan occurred. Ishiwara knew his arguments and those of his colleagues would influence the heads in Tokyo, and they had to act before they did. However the heads at Tokyo and the Kwantung army held very different perspectives on when to act. In June of 1931 the Central army HQ stated in its General Outline of a solution to the Manchurian problem “we must defer the question of military action for a whole year. During this time the foreign ministry would attempt to dampen anti japanese activities in manchuria through negotiations with the government of Nanking. In the meantime the government would launch an information campaign to try and drive acquiescence at home and aboard for military action ” Ishiwara, as you can imagine, was deeply frustrated by the prospect of delaying action for another year. He argued passionately that the current international landscape necessitated an immediate strike. At that time, the Soviet Union was still in the midst of its ambitious five-year plan, which limited its capacity for intervention. Meanwhile, the United States, Britain, and France were grappling with their own financial crises, rendering them unable to mount significant resistance in the Far East. Most notably, the Nationalist regime in China was preoccupied with its unification efforts south of the Great Wall, but this situation was expected to shift soon. Ishiwara believed that if they postponed their plans for a year, the geopolitical environment would deteriorate further, making decisive action imperative. For Ishiwara, the moment to act was now or never. In July 1931, Ishiwara and Itagaki orchestrated a crucial reconnaissance mission aimed at familiarizing the newest Kwantung officers with the northern regions of Manchuria. To disguise their true intentions, they informed high command that the mission was a survey focused on the Soviet Union. However, the real objective was to assess the strength and influence of Chinese power in northern Manchuria. During their return journey, the team received alarming news about the disappearance of Captain Nakamura Shintaro, a Kwantung staff officer. Upon reaching Port Arthur, they learned that rumors were circulating that Captain Nakamura had been killed by Chinese soldiers under what were described as “mysterious circumstances.” In the preceding months, Manchuria had witnessed a surge in violent riots, murders, work strikes, and various other incidents, all contributing to a climate of unrest. The Nakamura affair intensified these existing tensions. In response, both the Chinese and Japanese foreign ministries attempted to negotiate a resolution to the crisis. However, figures at the central army headquarters, such as Nagata Tetsuzan, who sympathized with the urgency felt by their Kwantung counterparts, felt compelled to support them. The situation was rapidly escalating, and the stakes were growing ever higher. For Ishiwara the issue was clear as he wrote “the Nakamura incident adds just one more issue to the others. What the army should do now is to ignore the foreign ministry and solve the problem by taking matters into its own hands”. And that's exactly what he did. The Kwantung officers moved their troops beyond the railway zone, where they had been confined, and without waiting for Itagaki's approval—who was in Japan at the time—they began preparations to send an armored train along with a mixed regiment of infantry and artillery to Mukden. Their goal was to enlist the help of the Chinese military in investigating Nakamura's disappearance. Upon learning of this, Tokyo sent a telegram instructing them to halt their departure from the railway and to refrain from using the Nakamura incident as a pretext for employing force to address the Manchurian issue. For Ishiwara this was the last straw. On August 20th he sent a message to Nagata condemning the current diplomatic situation and that negotiations were an utter waste of time. “There is no way to settle the matter except by placing it in the hands of the army. If central hq finds it so difficult to trust its field personnel then it had better replace them with representatives more suitable to the conditions it imagines to exist in Manchuria”. Ishiwara doubled down and pushed for a plot to provoke military conflict outside of Mukden. As he wrote in almost a messianic Nichiren conviction ‘I will be the pillar of Japan; I will be the eyes of Japan; I will be the great vessel of Japan” . “Gekokujo / ruling from below” is a Japanese historical term referring to when subordinates defy or manipulate their superiors. Ishiwara and his like minded close colleagues were about to perform Gekokujo. Ishiwara ordered the dispatch of an armored train carrying a mixed regiment of infantry and artillery to compel the Chinese military authorities in Mukden to assist in the investigation of Nakamura's disappearance. However, central headquarters halted the train's departure at the last moment, sending a telegram from Tokyo that specifically instructed the Kwantung Army not to use the Nakamura incident to pressure a resolution to the Manchurian issue.  In addition to the Nakamura situation, another issue was brewing. Colonel Dohihara Kenji was involved in a plot to enlist Warlord Yan Xishan to attack Zhang Xueliang. This scheme was attracting unwanted attention and undermining the effectiveness of the Nakamura incident, prompting Ishiwara to swiftly suppress the plans. Rumors began to circulate in Tokyo that the Kwantung Army was preparing to retaliate against the Chinese due to the Nakamura situation. In response, War Minister General Minami dispatched Major General Yoshiji Tatekawa to Mukden to caution the Kwantung officers against any such actions. Ishiwara was informed of Tatekawa's arrival and sent urgent telegrams to his followers, warning, “Plot exposed. Act before Tatekawa's arrival.” Consequently, the launch date was moved from September 28th to the 18th. Itagaki personally intercepted Tatekawa's train, inviting him for tea and sake, and arranged for him to spend the night with a geisha on the evening of the 18th. On September 18th of 1931, 1st Lt Suemori Kawamoto of the independent Garrison Unit of the 29th infantry regiment planted bombs along the tracks near Liutiaokou. At 10:20pm they exploded doing only minor damage to 1.5 meters of track on one site. The damage was so minor a train actually passed over the tracks without difficulty 10 minutes later. Ishiwara, Itagaki and their followers quickly announced the explosion to be a Chinese atrocity and mobilized the Kwantung Army. Itagaki ordered the Independent Garrison Force and 29th infantry regiment to storm the Peitaying Barracks. Battalion commander Shimamoto was awakened by the orders via telephone and quickly dispatched the 1st (Ono) and 4th (Takahashi) companies from Mukden; the 2nd (kawakami) company at Fushun to advance to Liutiaokou. At 10:40pm the 29th regiment commander Hirata got a call from Shimamoto who ordered him to get his regiment into emergency formation and to storm the Peiyating barracks.  Two secretly hidden 24cm artillery pieces began to bombard the Peitaying barracks as 500 Japanese stormed the 7000 strong Chinese garrison. Despite being outnumbered 14 to 1, the Japanese destroyed Zhang Xueliangs small air force, routed the Chinese and occupied the Peiyating Barracks by 11pm, all at the cost of 500 Chinese lives and allegedly only 2 Japanese lives. A major reason the Japanese had ease was because Zhang Xueliang ordered his men to store away their weapons and not put up a fight if the Japanese invaded. Zhang Xueliang and Chiang Kai-shek both in Beijing at the time knew they could not initiate an offensive war against such a strong foreign country. They were hoping the League of Nations would intervene as pertaining to the Kellogg Briand Pact of 1928. But later on Chiang Kai-Shek would find America too wrapped up in its depression at home, Britain indifferent and other nations without enough reason to risk anything in the far east. An hour after the attack, Ishiwara began pressing General Shigeru Honjo, the newly appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Kwantung Army, to send reinforcements to capture all of Mukden. Initially, Honjo hesitated, but Ishiwara convinced him that there was significant provocation from the enemy, prompting Honjo to order additional units into combat to secure the entire city. Historians have since struggled to determine whether Honjo was aware of the invasion plan; it seems likely he had some knowledge, but not the full details, which made him cautious in his actions over the following weeks. In the days that followed, Honjo attempted to confine the incident, but Ishiwara and Itagaki continuously urged all forces to adhere to the secret plan they had trained for. The speed and decisiveness of their actions overwhelmed the Chinese forces and left Honjo unable to change the course of events. Famously when one colleague asked Itagaki what to do in response to cease and desist orders from Honjo, Itagaki responded “Never mind Honjo, it's Ishiwara's war”. Official orders from Tokyo came on the next day, specifically opposing the expansion of hostilities, but Ishiwara and Itagaki had come too far to stop now. They began persuading Honjo to telegram the General Staff to ask for reinforcements and freedom of action “to pursue actively the security and order of all of Manchuria”. Ishiwara and Itagaki clearly aimed to expand their offensive through official channels first, but they also circumvented these channels. One cunning tactic they used was to incite chaos among civilians in Manchurian cities, thereby heightening the demand for improved security for Japanese residents. This strategy would enable the Kwantung Army troops to move beyond their established boundaries. Shortly after what is now known as the "Mukden Incident," military agents were sent to Kirin to stir unrest in the city. Reports of disturbances from Kirin began flooding into the Kwantung Army headquarters, with Ishiwara urging Honjo to send forces to Kirin to safeguard Japanese residents. He also pushed for reinforcements from the Korean Army, but Honjo was reluctant to take that step. It seems Ishiwara feared missing a golden opportunity and chose another course of action. On the night of the 20th, he gathered together a bunch of younger Kwantung officers such as Itagaki's assistant, Captain Katakura Tadashi and told them “I can't do anything more to budge the commander and so i'm giving up my responsibilities for the direction of operations. Katakura, you take over”. Well it seems this little ploy had the intended effect as all the young officers immediately began pressuring Honjo to support Ishiwara's demands to advance to Kirin, many of them threatening to resign. After several hours of the officers nagging, Honjo related and authorized the despatch of troops.  The operation against Kirin was executed with remarkable speed. Ishiwara ordered the majority of the 2nd Division, led by General Tamon Jiro, to swiftly travel to Kirin by train. They entered the city without firing a single shot and compelled the local Chinese commander to declare the province's independence from Zhang Xueliang's regime. Within hours, the Korean army responded to an aid request from the Kwantung Army staff sent on September 21st and began advancing into Manchuria. In just 48 hours, the Japanese military had taken control of Kirin, which was outside the Kwantung operational zone, and the Korean army was invading Manchuria without Tokyo's approval, effectively undermining military discipline. Chief of Staff Kanaya Hanzo had issued specific orders to restrict the Kwantung Army's operations and granted field commanders discretionary authority for certain emergency situations, typically of a local nature. However, the Kirin expedition did not fit within these parameters. Encouraged by their success, Ishiwara and Itagaki pushed for an advance on Harbin. As noted in the previous episode, the strategy for taking Manchuria relied on speed and precision. The Kwantung Army had limited forces compared to the immediate Chinese troops in Manchuria, yet they were constrained by directives from Tokyo HQ that prohibited the movement of Kwantung troops beyond the South Manchuria Railway, where they had previously confined their actions. Ishiwara attempted to frame the situation politically, arguing that Japan should support Manchurian independence and sent this proposal directly to Tokyo central HQ. However, on October 3rd, Tokyo HQ firmly rejected the idea of expanding hostilities. Faced with this outright refusal from Tokyo HQ, the Kwantung radicals believed their only option was to create further chaos to compel a response. Ishiwara took the lead once more, aiming to unsettle Tokyo HQ. On October 8th, he donned military pilot gear and infiltrated one of five Chinese aircraft seized at Mukden airfield. He personally led a raid, although later in life, during the Tokyo War Crimes Trials, he would claim that the flight was intended solely for reconnaissance of enemy activities at Chinchou. He argued that it was only at the last moment that intelligence revealed anti-aircraft guns had been installed at Chinchou, prompting the Kwantung Army Commander to authorize their neutralization if fired upon. Ishiwara maintained that he and the four accompanying aircraft were fired upon, leading them to drop approximately 75 bombs on Chinchou. This series of events was quite dramatic, and contemporary accounts suggest it was a premeditated effort to provoke Tokyo. The raid on Chinchou certainly alarmed Tokyo, leading the staff there to worry that the West would start condemning them. Tokyo's high command found themselves in a difficult position. They felt compelled to publicly support the Kwantung Army by retroactively approving the chaotic attacks, but internally, they were furious. Major Endo Saburo from the intelligence division was dispatched to Manchuria to investigate the situation. When he asked Ishiwara about the events, Ishiwara claimed he acted on the principle of field initiative, which was why he hadn't informed Tokyo beforehand. Saburo also noted that Ishiwara's tone suggested that he and the intelligence division should stay out of the matter. Additionally, Saburo learned that there were whispers in Manchuria indicating that if Tokyo's high command did not align with them, the Kwantung Army was ready to act independently. It appeared that the radical officers of the Kwantung Army were even willing to defy the Imperial Japanese Army command to achieve their goals. Ishiwara went as far as to send this telegram to Tokyo “For the sake of the nation we are doing our very best in Manchuria, but if the Japanese government constantly interferes we cannot complete our great work. Then the Kwantung army will have to come to the point where we will have to break the glorious history of the imperial army and separate ourselves from the empire” If you found this situation quite surprising, there was also a rumor that Ishiwara and Itagaki planned to use an independent Manchuria as a base for a coup d'état against the Japanese government. Their goal was to overthrow the capitalists oppressing the people and establish a national socialist regime centered around the emperor. For those familiar with the history of political assassinations in 1930s Japan, this rumor hints at events that would unfold in 1936. It remains unclear whether Ishiwara and Itagaki genuinely intended to pursue this plan, but they certainly spread the word. On October 18th, War Minister Minami Jiro sent a telegram to the Kwantung Army, instructing them to stop any discussions about making Manchuria independent or attempting to seize control of it. Additionally, they dispatched Colonel Imamura Hitoshi from the operations section to Manchuria to reason with Ishiwara and Itagaki. They all met at a restaurant in Mukden where Imamura began by explaining the purpose of his mission, but before he could even really begin, Ishiwara blurted out “whats the matter? Doesn't central headquarters have any backbone?” A great way to start a meeting to be sure. Imamura tried to explain the situation, but Ishiwara said “if we follow the spineless Tokyo approach we'll never settle the Manchurian problem”. Imamura replied “we can't accomplish anything by following the arbitrary decision of field elements, which may create a crisis that will shake the whole army. In such a problem it is essential for the whole nation to be unified”. To this Ishiwara apparently said really loudly in the restaurant that he was sleepy, rolled over on the tatami and closed his eyes. Imamura furious haha, get up quickly after denouncing his so called hosts for conducting official IJA business at a restaurant and left. The next day they all met again, where Ishiwara and Itagaki kept speaking about the necessity to create an independent state, since there was no hope of the Chinese reforming Manchuria. After Imamura left that meeting, Ishiwara said to Itagaki “Imamura is a fine fellow, but he doesn't understand China”. Despite the chaos and turmoil, the Kwantung Army had been held back from launching any sustained military operations throughout October. As expected, Ishiwara continued to argue for an advance into northern Manchuria. In early November, he found another opportunity when he claimed that more railways had been destroyed. Allegedly, hostile Chinese forces had blown up the rail bridges over the Nonni River, south of Tsitsihar. When Japanese engineering units arrived to repair the damaged tracks, they came under fire from Chinese troops. To the high-ranking officials in Tokyo, this appeared to be a legitimate reason to take defensive action. Additionally, Kwantung intelligence reports were reaching Tokyo, suggesting that Chinese forces in northern Manchuria were planning a southward offensive. Ishiwara had also provided exaggerated reports to the Japanese public, manipulating media narratives to pressure Tokyo into supporting an advance into northern Manchuria. Tokyo approved a defensive operation, restricted in time and scope, aimed at protecting Japanese positions at the Nonni River bridges. Kwantung Army forces began moving north and soon engaged in intense fighting around the railway area of Tahsing. Ishiwara personally led troops during this engagement, marking the only time in his military career that he did so. General Honjo, rightly concerned that the Kwantung forces were becoming uncontrollable, sent a cable on November 5th announcing that under the “rinsan inmei / provisional mandate,” the general staff would assume direct command authority in Manchuria. Unsurprisingly, Ishiwara and his like-minded colleagues in the Kwantung Army were furious. Honjo followed this up by stating he would resign if they did not comply, but Ishiwara brushed off the provisional mandate stating “that the directive from the chief of staff is just a personal, not an imperial order. No matter how many we get of those we shouldn't' care. We'll just go ahead with our plans”. On november 17, the Kwantung army began advancing upon the city of Tsitsihar seizing it 2 days later.  Confronted with yet another dire situation, the IJA high command permitted the Kwantung Army to advance toward Tsitsihar. However, international outcry soon erupted, compelling them to order the evacuation of the city. Ishiwara sparked a significant debate among the staff, arguing that the evacuation was unacceptable given the sacrifices already made by the troops. Nevertheless, Honjo remained resolute. A few days later, Chinese forces began to gather at Chinchou, and tensions escalated with skirmishes occurring between Japanese and Chinese troops in Tientsin. In response, Ishiwara urgently called for Honjo to initiate an offensive at Chinchou as a way to better position their forces closer to Tientsin in case they faced overwhelming opposition. To support this advance, they also requested assistance from the Korean army. Once again, the burden fell to Tokyo. The high command in Tokyo ordered an immediate halt to the offensive and a withdrawal east of the Liao River. The Kwantung Army hesitated, not solely due to the order but also because the Korean army refused to join the offensive against Chinchou, which was crucial for their success. Ishiwara found himself in a predicament; without reinforcements, the entire offensive could fail. Then, on December 11th, a significant change occurred when Premier Wakatsuki was ousted. War Minister Minami and Chief of Staff Kanaya, who had attempted to moderate the Kwantung Army's aggressiveness, were replaced by Araki Sadao, a leader of the Kodoha faction known for its aggressive stance. To provide some context, the Japanese military was divided into factions, similar to warlord cliques, vying to influence the future operations of the IJA and, to some extent, the IJN. Two primary factions shaped the military landscape in the 1930s: the Kodoha and the Toseiha (Control Faction). The Kodoha was not an organized political party nor did it hold an official position within the IJA, but it wielded considerable influence. Its members were typically younger officers, particularly from the Kwantung Army. General Sadao Araki was a founding member of the Kodoha, which was heavily influenced by Bushido, Fascism, and the Kokutai ideology. They aimed to restore Japan to its perceived former glory, viewing liberal democracy as a detrimental force. They blamed the capitalists, industrialists, and elites—politicians, bureaucrats, and Zaibatsu leaders—for the nation's decline. Their goal was to see the Emperor reclaim full power in what they termed a "Showa Restoration." The Kodoha's primary adversary, as perceived by much of the Japanese military at the time, was the USSR and communism in general. Consequently, they supported the Hokushin-ron (Northern Strike Policy), which was Japan's theoretical plan to invade the USSR. While I don't want to delve too deeply into the details, it's important to note that the Kodoha was counterbalanced by the more moderate Toseiha faction, led by Hideki Tojo. The Toseiha opposed the Kodoha on several fronts, notably their desire to avoid a violent revolution to restore imperial dominance. Although they shared many principles with the Kodoha, the Toseiha rejected the Hokushin-ron strategy in favor of the Nanshin-ron (Southern Strike) strategy, which aimed at expanding into Southeast Asia and the resource-rich Dutch East Indies. The Toseiha faction also maintained better relations with the IJN. To contextualize this narrative within the political landscape, these two factions began to fiercely compete for dominance starting in 1931. With the influence of Araki Sadao and support from Prince Kan'in, a Kodoha sympathizer, significant changes occurred in Tokyo's command. Suddenly, offensive operations against Chinese forces in Manchuria were rebranded as “bandit suppression” campaigns. The Kwantung Army, fully backed by Tokyo, swiftly pursued all military objectives established by Ishiwara and Itagaki since September. Chinchou and Shanhaikwan were captured in early January 1932, followed by Tsitsihar in February. By spring 1932, Ishiwara urged the staff to complete the full occupation of Manchuria, both north and south. In April of that year, he presented the “Manshu haiti heiryaku,” or the program for the pacification of Manchuria. This new plan called for the seizure of Hailar in the north because “it was pivotal to the defense against the USSR”. It also called for seizing Jehol province because “it was an important condition to the independence of Manchuria”. By the end of the year Hailar was taken and in 1933 the Kwantung army was marching upon Jehol. It is clear that Ishiwara played a crucial role in the conquest of Manchuria. The Kwantung Army and the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) had various strategies available to address the Manchurian issue, but Ishiwara focused primarily on achieving complete control over the region for its resources, strategic advantages, and to establish a continental base for a potential war against the United States. For Ishiwara, securing all of Manchuria was essential in preparation for the Final War. While it's likely that conflict between Japan and China would have occurred in Manchuria without Ishiwara's influence, it's uncertain whether Japan would have outright taken the province. Ishiwara dedicated years to planning and pushing boundaries, but when the operation commenced, it became evident that he and his associates lacked a definitive timeline for conquest and had several missing contingency plans. Despite the chaotic circumstances, the conquest of Manchuria proved to be a remarkable success. So much so, Ishiwara said to a friend of his, Satomi Kishio in 1932 “Even if Japan has to face the entire world, she can't be beaten”. Ironically as many of you know, Japan's actions in Manchuria cost her greatly. Japan was now hated by the Chinese, well much more so. The west condemned Japan's actions, alongside the USSR. As my professor first taught me in a class about the Pacific War when I was a wee lad in his early 20's “It all was about Manchuria, everything started with Manchuria, and it ended with Manchuria in 1945”. The Manchuria incident set Japan on an unavoidable path toward the China War, which ultimately led to conflict with the West. It became a self-fulfilling prophecy. This situation also raises questions about military discipline. Many cite the concept of Gekokujo as a reason why individuals like Ishiwara and Itagaki were able to act as they did. These militaristic junior officers seemingly ran rampant, engaging in rebellious actions that defied their superiors, which forced those higher up to become complicit. While Gekokujo certainly played a role, especially in Ishiwara's case, it does not negate the fact that there was a significant level of indiscipline within the Japanese army. Ishiwara was undoubtedly aware of the potential consequences of his actions. A prime example is Colonel Komoto Daisaku, who had previously seen his career ruined after being exiled due to the Huanggutun incident. However, Ishiwara's focus extended beyond Manchuria; he was closely monitoring the political landscape in Tokyo. He recognized that the 1931 cabinet was unstable and that certain high-ranking officials, like Araki Sadao, were rapidly advancing in their careers and sympathized with his agenda. Ishiwara was betting that supporters from factions like Kodoha would gain the necessary power to further his cause. His gamble paid off handsomely, as all the key players in the Manchurian affair were rewarded for their efforts. Ishiwara received the Order of the Golden Kite, 3rd class, and returned to Japan as a celebrated hero, captivating younger officers in the Imperial Japanese Army. Ironically, the indiscipline he had nurtured within the army would later come back to haunt him as he climbed the ranks and became part of the Tokyo staff. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. As Ron Burgundy once said “Boy, that escalated quickly... I mean, that really got out of hand fast.” While perhaps Ishiwara did not plan for an all out war to break out against China, he certainly was the culprit to it happening. There was no going back, 15 years of blood, sweat and tears would be shed.

Dr. Joseph S. Takahashi is Professor and Chair of Neuroscience and the Loyd B. Sands Distinguished Chair in Neuroscience at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. He is also an Investigator in the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Joe and his lab members are trying to better understand the biological clocks in our bodies that control our 24-hour schedules. Within each of us are internal clocks that are genetically controlled. A special set of genes within nearly all of our cells turns on and off each day to regulate a wide variety of biological functions, and Joe is studying these genes and how they contribute to our biological rhythms. Functions influenced by our biological clocks include our sleep schedules, blood sugar, body temperature, liver metabolism, and many other aspects of our physiology. When Joe isn't at work, he enjoys playing tennis, skiing, hiking, eating delicious food, and drinking great wine. Joe received his B.A. in biology from Swarthmore College and he was awarded his Ph.D. in neuroscience from the University of Oregon in Eugene. Afterwards, he conducted postdoctoral research as a pharmacology research associate at the National Institute of Mental Health. Before moving to UT Southwestern, Joe served on the faculty of Northwestern University for 26 years. Over the course of his career, Joe has received numerous awards and honors including the Honma Prize in Biological Rhythms Research, the NSF Presidential Young Investigator Award, the Searle Scholars Award, the Bristol-Myers Squibb Unrestricted Grant in Neuroscience, the C. U. Ariens Kappers Medal, the Outstanding Scientific Achievement Award from the Sleep Research Society, the W. Alden Spencer Award in Neuroscience from Columbia University, and the Peter C. Farrell Prize in Sleep Medicine from the Harvard Medical School Division of Sleep Medicine. He has also been elected as a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, a Member of the National Academy of Sciences, a Member of the National Academy of Medicine, and an Honorary Member of The Japanese Biochemical Society. In our interview, Joe shared his experiences in life and science.

If you are looking for some good wholesome adult romance then listen to my thoughts on Takahashi from the Bike Shop. Story and Art by Arare Matsumushi Published by Yen Press ______________________________ Follow me My website: https://dadneedstotalk.com/ Blue Sky: dadneedstotalk2.bsky.social Twitter: https://twitter.com/DadNeedsToTalk Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/dadneedstotalkpodcast/ If you enjoy what I do and want to support Kofi: https://ko-fi.com/dadneedstotalk Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/Dadneedstotalk

FOR THE FIRST TIME!!!! 'I Still Call It A Lariat', hosts Steve Zapf and Hound discuss the excitement surrounding the New Japan Pro Wrestling's Wrestle Kingdom event, exploring its unique cultural significance, the atmosphere of the Tokyo Dome, and the matches that took place. They delve into the differences in wrestling styles between Japan and America, the importance of Wrestle Kingdom's scheduling, and the standout performances from various wrestlers, including Tanahashi, Takeshita, and Finley. The conversation highlights the evolution of wrestling and the impact of cultural differences on the sport. In this episode, we delve into the highlights of New Japan Pro Wrestling's Wrestle Kingdom and Wrestle Dynasty events. The conversation covers the rise of David Finley, the veteran match between Naito and Takahashi, and the classic encounter between Zack Sabre Jr. and Shota Umino. We also discuss the missed opportunity of the International Women's Cup, the return of the Young Bucks, and Kenny Omega's triumphant comeback match. The episode concludes with a review of the main event featuring Zack Sabre Jr. and Ricochet, emphasizing the significance of these events in the wrestling landscape. Chris Bey Go Fund Me- https://gofund.me/a09e8a55 American Red Cross- https://www.redcross.org/?cid=generic&med=cpc&source=bing&scode=RSG00000E017&gclid=a254675309c4196a0d870077b094292c&gclsrc=3p.ds&msclkid=a254675309c4196a0d870077b094292c Tap Cancer Out- https://wecan.tapcancerout.org/Stevezapf info@stillalariat.com stevezapf@stillalariat.com showtime@stillalariat.com hound@stillalariat.com scarps@stillalariat.com https://www.instagram.com/still.a.lariat/ https://twitter.com/Stillalariatpc https://www.tiktok.com/@still.a.lariat?_t=8kBZPMSeMHu&_r=1 https://linktr.ee/istillcallitalariat

Take a knee on the dojo mat and listen to storyteller Brian Takahashi regale you with tales from the life of a stunt performer, martial artist, Star Wars fan, and the actor under the gi top for Young Miyagi-san in Cobra Kai! Brian offers sage advice for aspiring artists and humorous accounts from decades of filmmaking experience, and his uniquely charming delivery is sure to make this episode an instant fan-favorite. Thanks to Senpai Brian for joining us, and thank you all for the continued support! Oh, don't forget to visit those links below.Follow Brian Takahashi on Instagram and YouTube, and watch him take on old Daniel-san as young Miyagi-san from Cobra Kai!Join Saber Martial Arts on Patreon!The Official Home of Saber Martial Arts!Follow our Instagram!Subscribe on YouTube!

Bex Scott welcomes guest Ruth from Periwinkle Collectibles on Instagram to the show to talk all about Federal Glass, among other things. Ruth teaches Bex some fascinating facts about Federal Glass, their patterns, which country they released certain items in, and how to spot the collectibles in the wild. Not every thrift trip can be single-minded, however, so Bex and Ruth talk about some of the other vintage items they search for and enjoy as well.  Ruth claims Pyrex collecting was her gateway into other milk glass companies, patterns, and makers, and admits that in the early days, she would find something she thought was Pyrex only to bring it home and learn it wasn't. Through those research lessons, she found that something she initially thought was Fire King was in fact Federal Glass and that sent her on a whole new collecting journey. Bex learns about the sheer number of varieties of dot colors and sets available in Federal Glass, how so many promotional items came to be made of Federal Glass, and how to differentiate Federal from other items in the wild. Join this episode to learn what Facebook Group to join for identifying Federal, what pieces are most sought-after, and exactly how many collections Ruth draws the line at maintaining. Resources discussed in this episode:Vintage Federal Glass Facebook GroupEarly American Pattern Glass Society: Federal Glass vintage patterns reference“Shield F - The Mark of Quality” by Marg Iwen, Winter 2006, The Federation of Historical Bottle CollectorsFederal Glass circus bowlsFederal Glass dots bowlsFederal Glass mushroom bowl1974 Federal Glass ad page—Contact Ruth | Periwinkle CollectiblesInstagram: @periwinklecollectiblesContact Rebecca Scott | Pyrex With Bex: Website: PyrexWithBex.comInstagram: @pyrexwithbex— TranscriptBex Scott: [00:00:02] Hey everybody, it's Bex Scott and welcome to the Pyrex with Bex podcast where, you guessed it, I talk about vintage Pyrex, but also all things vintage housewares. I'll take you on my latest thrifting adventures, talk about reselling, chat with other enthusiasts about their collections, and learn about a bunch of really awesome items from the past. Subscribe now on Apple, Spotify, or wherever you love listening to podcasts so you don't miss a beat. Hey everybody, this is Bex Scott and you are listening to the Pyrex with Bex podcast. And today I am very excited to have Ruth from Periwinkle Collectibles. Welcome back Ruth. Ruth: [00:00:41] Hi Bex, it's good to be back. Bex Scott: [00:00:44] How have you been since we last talked? Ruth: [00:00:46] Oh, it's been a great, wonderful summer. But the days are getting shorter, the leaves are starting to fall, and it's time to start thinking about collections, isn't it? Bex Scott: [00:00:57] It is. And my favorite Halloween fall season for Pyrex displays is just around the corner and I, as everybody knows, am an avid Pyrex collector. You collect Pyrex yourself, but today I'm very excited because you are going to talk to us about a different collection that you have. So maybe just kick us off and let us know what you're going to be chatting about. Ruth: [00:01:23] Sure, sure. I thought that Pyrex, at least for me, was a gateway into a lot of other milk glass companies and patterns and makers, and many of us have found something at the thrift, found something out in the wild, brought it home thinking it was Pyrex. Started doing a little bit of research. And for me, this was before Google Image and before AI put all kinds of weird things out there, but it was before Google Image, so you'd have to try and describe what you had found to figure out, well, this isn't Pyrex, because it takes a while to realize that most Pyrex pieces have Pyrex stamped on them. And so you find a pretty white bowl at the thrift store with a really cute pattern, or what you think is really cute. And I mean, now I just, I flip things over and look for the maker mark. But back then I would just go oh 2.99 and this is pretty, in the cart it goes, and I'd bring it home and I'd go, oh, I found this great Pyrex. And then I'd start looking at it and trying to figure out the pattern and oh my gosh, I realized it wasn't Pyrex. Well, then what the heck was it? Well, I found quite a few pieces that had a really large capital F in a shield and I thought, wow, I found Fire-King! And I went on, this is the days of Facebook groups being the only place to really share things. Ruth: [00:02:51] This is kind of early days of Instagram and before a lot of other social media. I remember going onto a Fire-King group and excitedly sharing what I had found. And wow, I got politely but quickly schooled that what I had found was not Fire-King, but it was Federal. And I'm like Federal? What the heck is that? So I started looking up the patterns of that and going, oh. So I mean, Federal Glass was a company that was around for, I think, around 80-ish years in the States. I think they were in Ohio. They started off making, I think it was like pressed glass in the early 1900s. They made an awful lot of depression glass. And I'll be honest, even though I lived through the 80s and 90s, I have never collected depression glass in my life. A lot of my friends were collecting depression glass during that time, but I never really got into it. It didn't, it didn't appeal to me because depression glass, that's a whole nother discussion. But Federal made a lot of depression glass. They made a lot of barware. But what I particularly really enjoy is the opal ware or the, what people call milk glass, and the pretty patterns that I thought were made by Federal. Because when I flipped the bowl or the casserole or the mug over, it had an F and a shield. But I also discovered that, well, Federal made an awful lot of milk glass or opal ware, they also sold what was called blanks to decorator companies. And so I live in Canada, and what I have learned over the years is that in particular, there was a company outside of Toronto that did a lot of decorating of Federal blanks and other Fire-King and a few other blanks too, and they were called Cutler. C U T L E R. So they, like, printed on Federal blanks. And that's kind of the main reason why the Federal glass that's found in Canada, it's a lot of different patterns. I mean, there is some overlap, but there's quite a lot of patterns that are more commonly found in Canada than in the States. Bex Scott: [00:05:19] Interesting. I am already learning things from you because I had no idea. I had heard of Cutler and I'd heard of Federal Glass, but that is very cool. Ruth: [00:05:29] Yeah, I mean Cutler, they bought blanks from other companies and they did a lot of glassware. But basically their thing was they decorated glassware. You know, they painted onto items made by other companies. So there's a lot of Federal Glass in Canada that is tourist ware, you know, mugs with city, city and town names on them and festivals and hockey teams and businesses and things like that. And of course, it exists in the States also, and Federal in the states was also making decorated milk glass and other glass items. But it explains why some patterns show up in Canada in way larger quantities. There was a gas company in Quebec, I believe it was, that gave away the circus bowls. That's a pattern that a lot of Federal collectors, or you've probably seen it too, it has like red, orange, green, blue pattern around the edge of various circus animals and circus carts and things. Well, that was a giveaway from a gas station in Quebec. Bex Scott: [00:06:41] No way. Ruth: [00:06:43] Yes way. Bex Scott: [00:06:44] I would love to get that from a gas station. Why can't we get that from gas stations now? Ruth: [00:06:48] I know. When I could, when I could afford gas in the 80s, it was Petro Can. And all we got was those ugly glasses that said every garage sale you ever go to in Canada. But this was an earlier time because I think Federal Glass was out of business by 1980, for sure. I've seen a whole bunch of different sources. Some say 77, some say 79, whatever. By 1980, they were gone. So a lot of this stuff was given away in the 60s and 70s. But that's why there's so many circus bowls in Canada, in particular in Ontario and Quebec. And maybe the company was in Ontario as well, but definitely found way more in the eastern half of Canada than the western half of Canada. Bex Scott: [00:07:31] So has that made the circus bowls more popular in the States for collectors? Ruth: [00:07:37] Yeah, yeah, that does do that because they're harder to find. And isn't that what always happens with collectors is the sought-after is the harder to find? Is that just the way we are as people? Is that just... Bex Scott: [00:07:54] Yeah. We always want what we can't have. Ruth: [00:07:56] Exactly, exactly. So it was like the circus bowls. And then there was also the dots. There's way more of them that show up. And that's in particular one of my favorite patterns, because along the way, as I was looking for Pyrex, I found a brown dot Federal mug that I thought was kind of cute. So I brought it home and started looking at how many colors does that come in? And I went, well, I'm going to see what I can find. And eight years later, 27 mugs later, I'm still finding new ones. Bex Scott: [00:08:35] That was going to be my next question. How many different dot colors does it come in? Ruth: [00:08:40] Oh boy. Well, yeah. First of all, there's two dot variations. There's one where all the dots are the same size, basically, and another where there's two sizes of dots. And then the shape of the mug, there's three variations. So the colors, I think basically it's about 6 or 8 per shape. And then on the two size dots I've only ever been able to find or hear of about 6. We have on the Facebook group, the Federal Facebook group that I belong to, which Bex is going to link in the podcast. Bex Scott: [00:09:23] Yes. And they finally just accepted me. They actually accepted me really fast. So now I can drool over all of the beautiful photos. Ruth: [00:09:30] And it's, it's, there are some books out there on Federal, but not really that concentrate on the milk glass side of it. They're more the depression glass and the pressed glass type of stuff. So in that Facebook group, there's a lot of albums in there which a lot of Canadian and American collectors have contributed to, to help with that body of knowledge and help us figure out what was Cutler. And people have actually found some Cutler catalogs as well. But to help us figure out what was the actual pattern names, because there is no official websites or books, a lot of Federal patterns have nicknames, and there's multiple nicknames for a lot of the patterns. And then we find a catalog page and realize the name is actually not at all what anyone has ever called it. Bex Scott: [00:10:22] Mm. Yeah. Kind of like Pyrex with some of the strange nicknames that the bowls get out there. Ruth: [00:10:29] Yeah, yeah. Because there was no real company information. And so people make things up, like for example, for Federal there's a - oh, there's also a dot pattern that I didn't even talk about, which most people refer to as atomic, where it's a dot with like a little kind of swirl circle around it. I mean, one, no company in the 50s or 60s or 70s - this is just one of my pet peeves - ever named anything atomic. That name is retroactive. But that aside, that pattern name is actually called Bolero. And there's catalog proof in the Federal group for anyone who wants to argue that one. Printed proof. But the dots, I don't think, ever really had a name that we found so far because they were mostly Cutler. Some were released in the States. But that explains why on the dot bowls there's five different sizes, and Federal bowls are measured, similar to how Pyrex bowls are, across the top in inches for the people who don't like to talk the Pyrex models of 401 or 402 or whatever. Some people think of them in regards to how many inches they are. But Federal there's no molds, i.e. size numbers on them. So they're always called 5 inch, 6 inch, 7, 8, 9 inch, etc. so there's basically five sizes for the regular mixing bowls. There's no Cinderella bowls, there's no space savers, there's no divideds, but there is covered casseroles. There is a few baking dishes. But anyhow, sorry, where was my brain going with that? I was talking about the differences. But that's why people, that's why there are kind of select colors for the dots in 5 to 9 inch, whereas 9 inches super rare has only been found in a couple of colors and a 5 inch in a few more colors, but the 6, 7 and 8, which were a typical 3 bowl set for Federal, came in even more colors. Ruth: [00:12:44] Like, I think there's 8 or 10 colors for every size there. So when people say, well, what was the official set? What did it look like? Well, there's only a few catalog pages showing some of those variations. And of course, over time sets have been broken up and also a lot of those bowls were sold individually. So people would buy bowls and make up their own sets. You know, they'd pick, you know, a yellow 5 inch and a pink 7 inch and et cetera, et cetera. There are a few standard color combinations that were released, and that's just for one pattern. The dots. Stories like that surround almost every pattern where Blossom Time, for instance, there are certain colors you can find all over the place in Canada, but in the States, they they have a whole other color because they're, Federal made it, the pattern, and here Cutler made the pattern. Or, like some Pyrex stuff, just certain patterns were shipped to certain parts of the country or certain, you know, Kmart bought this product line and Kresge bought this other one and The Bay... I don't think The Bay and Eaton's carried Federal because the quality of Federal is different than Pyrex. Bex Scott: [00:14:07] Mhm. I was going to say it. How do you explain it? Is it a little less in quality would you say, than Pyrex? Ruth: [00:14:14] I would say, yeah. I mean that's, that's my personal opinion, just based upon the hundreds of pieces that I've seen over the years. And what happens if you, if your Federal piece accidentally goes into the dishwasher, it deteriorates much quicker than the end of the year is the 70s and 80s Pyrex that, you know, the odd dishwasher trip doesn't usually do too much harm, but Federal, half a dozen dishwasher trips can turn the whole thing into a piece of opal. Bex Scott: [00:14:48] You'd be left with a lot of opal in your collection. Ruth: [00:14:50] Yeah, well, and Federal had released a lot of opal. Like, it's very common to find just the plain nesting bowl that's Federal at the thrift or the flea or garage sale or whatever. And it can be hard to tell whether it was released that way or whether it was dishwasher, but if it's shiny, generally it was released that way. So, I mean, I probably find 15 - 20 opal Federal bowls for every one pattern that I find, at least, if not more. And I probably have, okay, I have a few sets of 5 to 9 inch oval and some of the sizes, again, way more common to find. 6, 7 and 8 inch super common, 5 fairly common, the bigger ones a little less common because sometimes it's just what people use and they also scratch on the interior quicker, like the pattern wears off faster. The interior scratches easier. Metal mixers do a real number on them. And while there's, you know, the school of people who are like, well, you know, you got to use, do you use it? You know, always the first question out of non-collectors mouth. Do you use it? And for Federal, yeah. You know, I use it, but I carefully hand wash it and hand use a gentle linen cloth and dry it and put it back on the shelf so it retains its shine because it, 100% agree with you, it does not have the quality and also the baking durability. It doesn't have that Pyrex baking durability. But that doesn't mean, it's still beautiful. It came in a lot of really pretty pretty patterns and some that are very highly sought-after. Are you aware of any of the Federal patterns or anything that's crossed your radar that you thought was? Bex Scott: [00:16:51] I think the only ones that I really knew of were, I'd heard of the circus, the stripes, there's the dots and then the daisy ones I've seen before. Ruth: [00:17:02] Right, right, right. The daisy. And then there's also a mushroom set that's quite sought-after. Bex Scott: [00:17:09] Everybody loves anything mushroom. Ruth: [00:17:10] Yeah, but it's also, it's primary colored mushrooms. Bex Scott: [00:17:15] Okay, I like that. Ruth: [00:17:16] Yeah, yeah. So it has like the yellow, the orange. There's like kind of 5, which I know is more than actually primary colors. But it was like a yellow, orange, red, green and blue that the mushroom set also comes in, and again, a kind of a printed band around the upper edge, which is a fairly common thing for, and it was a, I believe that one was a Cutler one as well. I think that one was a Cutler one as well. There's also some sort of harlequin or diamond type patterns that some people are very fond of. I mean, it's, right now it's the bright colors that appeal to people. There's a pattern that looks like French onion that Federal actually called Bucks County. Bex Scott: [00:18:05] Hmm. Where does that name come from? Ruth: [00:18:08] No clue. No clue. You'll rarely find it online under that name unless somebody has a box. But that's what it's called. There's a couple of variations on the kind of gingham tablecloth red and white check look. Bex Scott: [00:18:25] Oh, I've seen those. Do they come in little cereal bowls? Ruth: [00:18:28] Yes, they - oh, yeah, that's true. We didn't talk about cereal bowls, which is a shape size that Pyrex didn't really-- Bex Scott: [00:18:37] -- yeah-- Ruth: [00:18:38] -- didn't really do. I mean, Fire-King did a lot of, but, and so when you find them out in the wild with that little, that little cereal bowl, which I think most people nowadays would more call it a snack bowl, but, you know, they're even smaller than 401s. They have often a band of color around them. And they're generally, when you find them, they're either Anchor Hocking/Fire-King, or they are Federal. And just a quick flip to the bottom of the bowl looking for, you know, either one of the Fire-King logos or the Anchor Hocking logo, or the infamous F, large capital F in a shield to let you know which it is. And there's some patterns that kind of look like they might be Fire-King. There's a little bit, you know, there's popular patterns, like the KitchenAid pattern that Hazel-Atlas put out, which is like the turquoise or commonly turquoise, it looks like a coffee pot and a bowl and cups and plates that go around the outer rim of the bowl of Federal did a version of that, which I think that one was the Cutler one, I can't remember. Got to look on the albums on the group, but that I've only found one of, that's a bit harder one to find as well because it's pretty, you know, Hazel-Atlas had the just turquoise. Every single bowl was turquoise. Federal, of course, always does the color variation where each size of bowl is a different color. And then there's also some black and gold patterns. There's some all gold patterns. No clear lids, the lids, the lidded casseroles always have opal lids with a fairly distinctive knob shape. Bex Scott: [00:20:28] And are the lids as hard to find in Federal as they are in Pyrex now? Ruth: [00:20:33] Oh, harder. Harder, harder. Bex Scott: [00:20:35] Oh no. Harder. Ruth: [00:20:38] Because they didn't release as many, they didn't do, like they only had, there's only a few - I'm trying to think if it's 3 or 4 covered casseroles that came with lids. And those casseroles are, some people even call them bowls because they're round with sort of a shape at the bottom that's very reminiscent of the Fire-King splash proof bowls, but it's only on half of the bowl. It's like the top, it's like they couldn't decide who to flatter with their repetition of that pattern, you know, Pyrex with the roundness or Fire-King with the splash. So it's like a hybrid between the two. That's how, I don't know really if that's what was their intent, but that's how I've always thought of them in the casseroles and then the bakeware. There's kind of an oval dish, a couple of them, but the shapes are much, much more limited, you know, which is also probably contributed to their, they were sold for less money, sold by the lower end department stores, from what I've been able to see from advertisements and such, because they weren't as durable, they scratched up faster, they broke faster. Not quite Glass Bake. Sorry, not a fan. Bex Scott: [00:21:56] That's okay. I'm not either. Ruth: [00:21:58] But you know, you look at Glass Bake sideways and it cracks, scratches. Federal at least, you know, sure, maybe it scratches as fast, but at least it's pretty. Bex Scott: [00:22:15] It is. And speaking of not being a fan, is there a pattern in Federal or a couple patterns that you would say have a resounding, like the fan base isn't there for them, they're maybe considered ugly or not as desirable? Because I know in Pyrex it's usually Old Orchard and Forest Fancy that doesn't have a lot of love. So is there anything, anything in Federal like that? Ruth: [00:22:44] There's a pattern that's kind of black, a little bit of black with some brown flowers that not too many people are fond of. There's a pattern called Bouquet that comes in a dark teal that people aren't as fond of, because there's quite a bit of it out there. Whereas actually there's one size in that pattern and color that is super desirable because they barely released any. It's weird. It's one of those things where what is it, like, Woodlawn, where there's, like tons of 401 to 403, but the 404 is hard to find. Or was it Snowflake Garland where the 401 to 403 is, you know, it's a middle of the road pattern, but the 404 is super hard to find. So therefore people like it more. There's some of that going on. There's also a gold-only pattern, I think it's called Golden Glory, that was quite common. You've probably seen it. It kind of looks like gold bushes. Bex Scott: [00:23:52] Oh yeah. Yeah, I know what you're talking about. Ruth: [00:23:54] Yeah. And it was actually released twice. So that's why there's so much of it. It was first released in the, oh, I'm trying to remember, in the late 50s. Because I'm fond of it, because it's the pattern I grew up with, it's what my mother had. Right? Bex Scott: [00:24:11] Yeah. You have the memories associated with it. Ruth: [00:24:13] Right. But the pattern itself is not very popular. And then it was rereleased again, I think in the 70s when they were trying not to go under. So there's that. The golden brown, there isn't as many brown patterns as there is in Pyrex. I mean, there isn't as many patterns, period. But some of them are just, they're just, they're cute, they're adorable. They come in a lot of variations. And heck, we live in Canada where there's actually more of it. So I, I at first would leave it behind all the time because I was like, no, no, I'm only collecting Pyrex, I'm only collecting Pyrex. And then as you collect more of something and it gets harder to find and you start looking at the other, you start, you know, because there's generally very little monogamy in glass collecting, but you just start looking, you know, at the other things available and the other patterns and bringing them home and kind of going, oh, because I remember saying to some of my friends, no, I don't. I brought this home, isn't it pretty? And they're like, didn't you say you don't collect Federal? That was like, you know, 2000. Bex Scott: [00:25:27] That sounds familiar with me, too. Yeah. Ruth: [00:25:32] And before you know it, you're collecting it. Bex Scott: [00:25:35] Yeah. I've slowed down a lot on the Pyrex collecting lately, and maybe Federal is my next new thing that I have to to collect. So I'm looking at all these bright, cheery photos, and there's one in the vintage Federal Glass Facebook group and it's of these really nice boxes. So does Federal have a box for each dish that's as nice as the Pyrex ones? Ruth: [00:26:01] I honestly don't know because there just, there hasn't, I mean, there's some boxes out there, especially for those Federal made a lot of snack sets and boxes always survived for the snack sets because they weren't an everyday use type of, I don't know if everybody in the audience is familiar with a snack set. It's kind of like a large, generally oval-ish plate with a little raised and then indented smaller circle where you would put a cup and it was made for party use where you could hold this plate with the cup that was held in place with the little glass lip on the plate with a bit of food, you know, and your tea, and still stand and chat with people and be able to, you know, yeah, lift up your... Yeah there's an adorable pattern that kind of looks like cannabis that's like black, turquoise and pink. I can't remember the exact name of it. A lot of people like that. There's one in the snack sets of Federal one I think that's like a little pastel houses that are cute. I haven't delved into the world of snack sets other than looking at them, because I draw the line at 47 collections. Bex Scott: [00:27:17] Just 47. 48 is too many. 47 is okay though. Ruth: [00:27:20] There has to be a line, right? There has to be. Bex Scott: [00:27:22] Yeah. Ruth: [00:27:23] There's also because Federal did far more promotional items. They made promotional items with images on them that today we would not find socially acceptable. Bex Scott: [00:27:39] Mhm. Mhm. Ruth: [00:27:40] Okay. For certain banks or teams that had images that were derogatory to various, and in particular Indigenous, parts of the population. Some people collect those because they say it, because it's important to acknowledge the mistakes we made in the past. And some people choose to not go there at all. You know, it's a personal, that's a personal choice. But there's, there seems to be quite a bit more of that in Federal than there, you know, I can't, I don't know if I've ever seen any Pyrex that had what we would consider to be an offensive image. Bex Scott: [00:28:25] I'm trying to think maybe some of the coffee mugs. Ruth: [00:28:28] Yeah, true. Some of the sayings. Bex Scott: [00:28:31] Mhm. But nothing out of like the patterned dishes or bowls that I can think of. Ruth: [00:28:37] Yeah. There was a full set of bowls with a black silhouette of an Indigenous person with feathers in their hair that there's a lot of controversy about. Some people, you know, really think it's great. Other people think it's offensive. That's up to the individual to make their choice. For me, luckily that was released in the States. It doesn't show up here, so I don't have to, I don't have to look at it on the shelf and go is this is too offensive to go in the cart? Because it's important to acknowledge, you know, mistakes made in the past. But I don't particularly want to take pictures of it and glorify it in any way. So there's that. There's a lot of, you know, the office culture mugs. You know, what was acceptable to have on a mug in the 70s is often not acceptable today, thank goodness. Bex Scott: [00:29:40] Yes. Ruth: [00:29:41] A lot of, a lot of tourist ware and things like that. And a lot of glassware. There's glass canisters that Federal made that a lot of people misidentify as other companies. They call, the Federal company called them, I was going to say store-and-go, but I don't know if that's quite the right color. They came, they looked very similar to the Atterbury Scroll pattern that, I don't know. Are you familiar with any of this? Bex Scott: [00:30:13] I don't think so. I'm gonna have to look them up because I really like canisters. Ruth: [00:30:17] Yeah. So there were glass canisters with glass lids that had a plastic gasket. Not just all around the lip, but across the bottom as well. They came, Federal released them in oh, I think amber, clear, turquoise, and a kind of aurora borealis finish. I hunted for years to find every single color. They came in a bunch of shapes as well. I think an avocado green maybe is, no, I don't think Federals came in avocado green. Part of the problem is they look very, very similar to another company's gloss. So there's a lot of, and they're, none of them are stamped, but there is catalog showing Federal as hey, you know we make this. Because they made a lot of pressed glass in their history. Bex Scott: [00:31:15] That makes it tricky to identify then. You definitely need to find that catalog to make sure you have the legitimate piece. Ruth: [00:31:23] It's in the album, it's in the albums on the group. But so I think it's by color that you can tell from what company is what company. I just, I'm just trying to think what colors I have in my personal collection, because I tried hard to just find the Federal ones, which are easier to find here in Canada than other places. Bex Scott: [00:31:45] Yeah, that's another thing I'm going to add to my list then to search for in the stores. I'm sure it's not easy to find though. Ruth: [00:31:52] The those those plastic gaskets just didn't hold up like the... Bex Scott: [00:31:56] Yeah. Ruth: [00:31:57] Like the beautiful ground glass stoppers and edges on the Belgium canisters. You know, the bubble top, Belgium canisters that we all like or the Takahashi glass canisters with the ground edges. I have a little, I think that's collection 42. Bex Scott: [00:32:22] I love that. I'm going to go and count my collections now. Ruth: [00:32:26] I'm joking. And then I'm thinking, wait, am I really? Bex Scott: [00:32:31] Like I'm not actually. Ruth: [00:32:35] From Federal I always think, no, I have everything I want and then I find or a friend finds and they go, do you have the 5 inch solid colored bowl in, you know, and they name a color. And I look at my list and I go, dang, I have the other 5 colors. I don't have that one. Yeah. So I now, for Federal, I keep a list of the things that I don't have because it's easier than keeping a list of the things I do have. Bex Scott: [00:33:07] Mhm. That's a smart way to do it. Ruth: [00:33:09] Yeah. Because recently, fairly recently I found a 9 inch dot nesting bowl in turquoise. If it was in the Pyrex world it would almost be called rare. Definitely hard to find. And there's, there hasn't been a lot of them. And that's one that I actually, someone in Alberta had found it and I actually, yeah, coughed up and had to make that one mine. Bex Scott: [00:33:41] Yeah you invested in it. Ruth: [00:33:43] I invested. Yeah. That's the right way up. I really wanted it because I had the 5, 6, 7 and 8 in that color. So it just it had to be mine. But the vast majority of the Federal pieces I have are, I'd say 95% of them are from Canada, and 85% of them I found, I found locally or, you know, friends found locally because I have a lot of friends that collect locally. And what do we do? We find for each other and we trade. Right? Bex Scott: [00:34:19] That's the fun part of it. Making friends and finding things for each other and buying and trading. And that's what makes this whole addiction or hobby or however you want to explain it or justify it, that's what makes it fun. Ruth: [00:34:37] Serotonin is important. Bex Scott: [00:34:39] Yeah. Yeah. Ruth: [00:34:41] Definitely. It's almost more fun to find something that someone else has been looking for. Bex Scott: [00:34:48] Exactly. Yeah. You can score their holy grail. Ruth: [00:34:53] Yeah, yeah. Speaking of holy grails, beside the 9 inch turquoise that I was so happy to add to my collection, I actually found the batter bowl, a dot, red dot batter bowl. The white ones are a little bit more common for Federal, but I found a dot batter bowl at the thrift store. Bex Scott: [00:35:12] Oh wow. Ruth: [00:35:13] Last year or the year before? It was two years ago. Yeah, definitely two years ago, because I happened to be at a whole opposite end of the city than I normally am for an appointment and went, oh man, I have, I'm on my lunch still - wink wink - and I have time to... That's okay. I'm retired now, it doesn't matter. I was rushing back to the, rushing back to work and went, oh man, I'm driving right by this thrift store I never get to. Quickly swung in, raced up and down a few aisles and there it was for 4.99. Bex Scott: [00:35:50] Oh my gosh. Ruth: [00:35:51] And I went, the thrift gods were looking out today. Bex Scott: [00:35:54] The rays of sunshine came down into the store. It was right there. And they were singing. And yeah, I can see it. Ruth: [00:36:03] Angels sing. Bex Scott: [00:36:05] Yeah. Ruth: [00:36:09] That's the feeling when you find something you've been looking for on the thrift store shelf. Bex Scott: [00:36:15] Yeah. You start to float and everything is just perfect. That's exactly how I feel. Ruth: [00:36:21] You hug it to yourself. Bex Scott: [00:36:23] Yeah. Ruth: [00:36:26] Do you have a cart? You put it in the cart, you put your coat over it. Bex Scott: [00:36:29] Yes. Yeah. Nobody else can see that because they will try and steal it. Ruth: [00:36:35] Sadly, yes. Absolutely. And it doesn't matter how badly you have to go to the washroom, you do not leave your cart outside of the washroom with the precious item in it. Bex Scott: [00:36:46] Well, on that cheerful note. I have learned a ton today about Federal Glass, and I think I'm going to have to have you back for another episode to teach me more about Federal and all of these other 47 collections that you have. But thank you so much for giving me all your knowledge today. I know it's just the tip of the iceberg, but I have to make sure that everybody joins that vintage Federal Glass group. We'll put that in the show notes, and then make sure you follow Ruth at Periwinkle Collectibles on Instagram as well. Ruth: [00:37:23] Thanks, Bex. It's been a pleasure. Bex Scott: [00:37:25] Thanks so much for joining me, Ruth. 

Abonnez-vous à ma Newsletter-> Newsletter les Voix de la Photo-> Il s'agit d'une rediffusion d'un épisode posté le 6 juin 2023.PGI in Tokyo is the second-oldest photography gallery in Japan and in this episode, the actual director of this gallery, Sayaka Takahashi explains to us the evolution of her work as a gallerist for 20 years. When she started her main thought was to attract more people to come to the gallery and now she participates in photo art airs such as AIPAD in NY, portfolio reviews and organized talks. One of her new goals is to sell the work of the artists represented by the gallery to the right institutions. I hope you will like this second episode in English! 1'30- Her studies at Waseda University in Literature with her professor and photography critic Osamu Hiraki, her work experience at the Higashikawa International Photography Festival in Hokkaido and her encounter with Hiroaki Yoshino, the director of PGI Shibaura.3'30- PGI is a gallery specializing in photography with a labo for preservation and framing. She started to work for PGI as a part-timer in 1998 and became the director in 2010. When he was 18 years old, she heard about the “Onnanoko Shashin” movement (Onnanoko means female and shashin photography) and she was inspired by these female photographers.8' – PGI opened in 1979 as a place to look at the physical print. The first commercial photo gallery in Japan is Zeit-Foto Salon which was owned by Etsuro Ishihara and PGI was the second one. The owner of the PGI studied medicine in California and met the photographer Ansel Adams here and he decided to open a gallery when he was back in Tokyo.10'- When she started as a gallerist her main thought was how to get more people to visit the gallery. They did 10 exhibitions per year, and now 6/8. They started to hold gallery talks, participate in portfolio and events to meet emerging artists, and participated in photo fairs (Tokyo Photo and AIPAD from 2013). After participating in AIPAD, now she has a new goal to place the work of the artists she works with within the right institutions. She learned a lot about photography when speaking with other dealers during AIPAD.13'34 – In 2022, she sold the work “The map” of Kikuji Kawada to the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (an exceptionally large collection of negatives, contact sheets, 87 prints from 1989, plus vintage prints and a first edition from 1965 of the photographic book).15' – Another example of a project is the exhibition and the book of Tokuko Ushioda “My Husband” which were released in 2022.20'- Her pieces of advice for young gallerists are to stay curious and interested in artists and to know their works perfectly to be able to introduce their works to more people.PGI website : https://www.pgi.ac/en/Pour devenir partenaire du podcast : https://bit.ly/sponsoriserLVDLPPour vous inscrire à la newsletter du podcast : https://bit.ly/lesvoixdelaphotonewsletterLe site du podcast : https://lesvoixdelaphoto.fr/Et vous pouvez retrouvez le podcast sur Instagram, Facebook et LinkedIn @lesvoixdelaphotoLes Voix de la Photo est un podcast produit et réalisé par Marine Lefort. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Rob and Matt are reacquainted once again to bring you this week's Marigold Standard!Releasing on the same day as the Shinjuku FACE show, but without having actually seen the full show in time, the lads chat about the shows in Osaka and Tahara as well as some of the news coming out of a sell out Shinjuku show. They also talk Rob's grey complexion, possible team names for Hummingbird and Flying Penguin, the great injury debate and the retirement of a bonified joshi icon!Subscribe to our PATREON: https://patreon.com/TheStardomCast The website: https://www.talkjoshi.com Subscribe to the Podcast: https://linktr.ee/talkjoshi Join our Discord Server: https://discord.gg/bbDcAwc Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/marigoldpodcast Buy our Merch: https://teespring.com/en-GB/stores/podmania-podcasting-network YouTube: https://tinyurl.com/2s4zrf3r Buy Rob's NEW Stardom Book – Chasing the Dream: 50 of Stardom's Greatest Matches Right Here: https://tinyurl.com/2eemszmtAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

In this episode, Phillip and Eric talk about the manga series Yu-Gi-Oh! by Kazuki Takashi, and the basis for the anime, card game, and media franchise. Because a manga around a children's card game seems ripe for discussion.

The Black Foils have a new flight controller. Leo Takahashi has joined the team as they prepare for the newest Sail GP season. He joined Piney for a chat about his journey to the Foils, and their efforts preparing for Dubai. "The Black Foils is the benchmark of Sail GP right now, so, you know, the cream of the crop and, you know, I got some definitely big shoes to fill.” “I'm just really excited to bring my experience and my two cents into the team.” LISTEN ABOVESee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

I'm joined by filmmaker Brian Takahashi who dons the gi with the one of the most recognizable symbols in pop culture on his back. Brian shares his connection to Pat Morita, his journey in booking the role on Cobra Kai and bringing back a beloved character, and filming his sequence with all eyes on him! Twitter: @CobraKaiPod / Instagram: @CobraKaiKompanion Email: CobraKaiPod@gmail.com Cobra Kai Kompanion Website Merch store: ckkompanion.threadless.com The Kompanion Network Group

What if the timing of your meals is as crucial as what you're eating? In today's episode, I dive into the powerful connection between meal timing and your body's natural rhythm—and why it matters more than most of us realize. Breaking down the science behind circadian rhythms, I look at how eating earlier in the day supports better digestion, metabolism, and even mental clarity. Studies show that eating late not only disrupts sleep but can also lead to weight gain and a slower metabolism. So, we're going to break down why shifting calories to the first part of the day—following the body's natural peak energy and digestive power—can transform your energy, mood, and long-term wellness. Drawing on ancient wisdom from Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine, we see how these systems have always advocated for aligning meal timing with nature's rhythms. Both recognize that eating in sync with your body's energy peaks and dips has the potential to support everything from digestion to balanced energy and stable weight. This episode is a return to basics: respecting the body's natural flow for real, sustainable health.  If you're looking to feel more in tune, support your metabolism, and bring ease to your routine, let's rethink not just what's on the plate, but when it hits the plate. We Also Discuss:   (01:57) — The Science of Meal Timing (05:08) — Circadian Rhythm's Influence on Metabolism and Energy Use (12:36) — Morning Calories for Weight Loss and Metabolic Support (18:23) — Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine on Meal Timing (25:22) —  Breakfast Like a King, Light Dinner for Energy Balance (29:01) — Practical Tips for Aligning Meal Times with Your Natural Rhythms   And more…   Don't forget: You can order now by heading to darinolien.com/fatal-conveniences-book or order now on Amazon.   Thank You to our Sponsors: Therasage: Go to www.therasage.com and use code DARIN at checkout for 15% off   Find more from Darin: Website: https://darinolien.com/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/Darinolien/ Book: https://darinolien.com/fatal-conveniences-book/ Down to Earth: https://darinolien.com/down-to-earth/   Bibliography:   Garaulet, M., Gómez‐Abellán, P., Alburquerque-Béjar, J., Lee, Y., Ordovás, J., & Scheer, F. (2013). Timing of food intake predicts weight loss effectiveness. International Journal of Obesity, 37, 604–611. Link Wehrens, S., Christou, S., Isherwood, C., Middleton, B., Gibbs, M., Archer, S., ... & Johnston, J. (2017). Meal Timing Regulates the Human Circadian System. Current Biology, 27(12), 1768-1775.e3. Link Xiao, Q., Garaulet, M., & Scheer, F. (2018). Meal timing and obesity; interactions with macronutrient intake and chronotype. International journal of obesity (2005), 43, 1701–1711. Link Ravussin, E., Beyl, R., Poggiogalle, E., Hsia, D., & Peterson, C. (2019). Early Time-Restricted Feeding Reduces Appetite and Increases Fat Oxidation but Does Not Affect Energy Expenditure in Humans. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 27(8), 1244-1254. Link Gu, C., Brereton, N., Schweitzer, A., Cotter, M., Børsheim, E., Wolfe, R., & Jun, J. (2019). Effect of Dinner Timing on Nocturnal Metabolism in Healthy Volunteers. Sleep, 36(7), 981–990. Link Bray, M., & Young, M. (2009). The role of cell-specific circadian clocks in metabolism and disease. Obesity Reviews. Link. Mohawk, J., Green, C., & Takahashi, J. (2012). Central and peripheral circadian clocks in mammals. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 35, 445-462. Link. Finger, A.-M., Dibner, C., & Kramer, A. (2020). Coupled network of the circadian clocks: a driving force of rhythmic physiology. FEBS Letters. Link. Petrenko, V., Gosmain, Y., & Dibner, C. (2017). High-resolution recording of the circadian oscillator in primary mouse α- and β-cell culture. Frontiers in Endocrinology. Link. Summa, K. C., & Turek, F. (2014). Chronobiology and obesity: Interactions between circadian rhythms and energy regulation. Advances in Nutrition, 5(3), 312S-319S. Link. Puranik, A., & Patwardhan, B. (2012). Ayurveda and Metabolic Diseases. Link. Yang, S., Yang, H., & Zhang, Y. (2023). Yao-Shan of traditional Chinese medicine: an old story for metabolic health. Frontiers in Pharmacology. Link. Xu, L., Zhao, W., Wang, D., & Ma, X. (2018). Chinese Medicine in the Battle Against Obesity and Metabolic Diseases. Frontiers in Physiology. Link. Takahashi, M., Ozaki, M., & Kang, M. (2018). Effects of Meal Timing on Postprandial Glucose Metabolism and Blood Metabolites in Healthy Adults. Nutrients. Link.  

"Larry finds himself in Takahashi's crosshairs after a note is found in the men's locker room. Tensions mount when Larry and Irma's couple's counselor crosses a professional line." -Original Air Date: 2/25/2024- This week we're talking about Disgruntled, breakfast cutoff times, a big violation of HIPAA laws and a cameo from someone that Tim thought was in a wheelchair. This is No Hugging, No Learning, the show about one thing...watching Curb Your Enthusiasm for the first time. Want more NHNL? Next week's episode drops early on Patreon! You can now join the It's a Hyundai tier for FREE for the first 7 days, and then just $5/month after that. You'll get every episode one week early with all of the extra content that we usually clip out of each release and movie reviews from the Seinfeld Extended Universe. Join Us at patreon.com/nohugging Wanna start your own podcast? Do it with Libsyn and get up to 2 months free podcasting service with our Libsyn code HUGGING. Get a FREE No Hugging, No Learning sticker by giving us a 5 star rating and a written review wherever you listen to this! Just be sure to send us your address! Email us: nohuggingnolearningshow@gmail.com Follow us!  @nohugging on X @nohugging_nolearning on Instagram Music: Curb Your Enthusiasm Theme Song Remix by robloxgreat (rip)

Now and then, we have additional Mixed Zone interviews that are either cut for time or do not fit in with the week's podcast, but are too good to leave on the cutting room floor completely. Therefore we thought why not bundle them together for you to listen to them in one go here. Last week, our team spoke in the Mixed Zone with three players post-match. Andrew Farrell spoke with Bucheon FC 1995's Takahashi Kazuki, and FC Anyang's Mathes Oliveira, while Jung Muyeol was on the ground in Daegu to hear from FC Seoul's Jesse Lingard.

Warning:  This content addresses mental health issues, including research and narratives on suicide. Please take care while engaging with it and only proceed if you feel safe doing so. If you, or someone you love, is having thoughts of suicide, please contact 988. Help is available. Interviewer Lisa Meeks   Interviewees John Ruddell Jennifer Ruddell Roja (friend of Jack Ruddell) Dr. Christine Moutier  Dr. Jessi Gold   Narrator Dr. Joseph Murray    Description In this deeply moving episode, host Lisa Meeks introduces a special series dedicated to exploring the mental health crisis among medical trainees, with a focus on the tragic story of Dr. Jack Ruddell. Joined by Jack's parents, John and Jennifer Ruddell, and his close friend Roja, we delve into Jack's life, his struggles with depression and anxiety, and the immense pressures faced by medical students. Dr. Joseph Murray, a psychiatrist at Weill Cornell Medical College, provides expert insights into the high rates of burnout, depression, and suicide in the medical field. We also hear from Dr. Christine Moutier, Chief Medical Officer of the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, and Dr. Jessie Gold, a respected psychiatrist and author, who discuss the unique challenges and cultural issues within medical training that contribute to mental health struggles. This episode aims to reduce the stigma surrounding mental health issues, encourage medical learners to seek help, and advocate for systemic changes in medical education to foster a more supportive and compassionate environment. Description of Series  DWDI Special Series: Suicidality in Medical Training dives into the critical conversations around mental health, well-being, support systems, and the intense pressures faced during medical training. Through the power of storytelling, the series intertwines these broader themes with the deeply personal story of Dr. Jack Ruddell, a promising medical student who died by suicide. Jack's journey—his strengths, struggles, and the complexities leading to his untimely death—forms the emotional core of this five-part series, giving voice to the loved ones often excluded from these conversations. Alongside Jack's story, the series incorporates expert insights and data from the literature, offering a human perspective on burnout, depression, and suicide among medical trainees. With a commitment to improving mental health awareness and reducing the stigma around seeking help, the series presents a novel approach by centering personal narratives alongside expert analysis. It also explores actionable strategies for improving medical training environments and highlights the importance of institutional responses after a loss by suicide. Our mission is to reduce shame, encourage help-seeking among medical students struggling with depression, and ensure that every medical school is aware of the postvention resources offered by the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention (AFSP). Experts for the Series  Christine Moutier, MD – Chief Medical Officer, American Foundation for Suicide Prevention Jessi Gold, MD – Chief Wellness Officer, University of Tennessee System; Author of How Do You Feel? David Muller, MD – Director, Institute for Equity and Justice in Health Sciences Education; Dean Emeritus, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai; Author of the NEJM essay, Kathryn Srijan Sen, MD, PhD – Director, Eisenberg Family Depression Center; PI of the Intern Health Study Justin Bullock, MD, MPH – Fellow, University of Washington; Author of the NEJM article, Suicide, Rewriting My Story Stuart Slavin, MD, MEd – Vice President for Well-Being, ACGME Episode Release Schedule: September 17: Episode 102 – Honoring Dr. Jack Ruddell: A Story of Joy, Compassion, and Mental Health in Medical Training. September 17: Episode 103 – Suicide and Suicidality in Medical Training: Understanding the Crisis and its Causes.  September 24: Episode 104 – Silent Struggles: Mental Health and Medical Education. September 26: Episode 105 – Repairing the System: How Do We Create Safe Environments? September 30: Episode 106 – Responding to Loss: Postvention and Support After a Suicide. Transcript Keywords: Suicide, Death, Mental health, Jack Ruddell, Medical training, Depression, Suicidality, Burnout, Anxiety, Medical trainees, American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, Tourette's, Disabilities, Medical education, Medical school, Discrimination, Academic pressure, Clinical practice, Imposter syndrome, Perfectionism, Shame, Mental disability, Learning challenges, Accommodations, High-stakes testing, Inclusivity, Stigma   Resources:  24/7 Suicide & Crisis Hotline, call or text 988 or chat 988lifeline.org. How are you? By Jessi Gold  National Office for Suicide Prevention: Language and suicide The American Foundation for Suicide Prevention   References    Johnson KM, Slavin SJ, Takahashi TA. Excellent vs Excessive: Helping Trainees Balance Performance and Perfectionism. J Grad Med Educ. 2023 Aug;15(4):424-427. doi: 10.4300/JGME-D-23-00003.1. PMID: 37637342; PMCID: PMC10449346.   Bynum WE 4th, W Teunissen P, Varpio L. In the "Shadow of Shame": A Phenomenological Exploration of the Nature of Shame Experiences in Medical Students. Acad Med. 2021 Nov 1;96(11S):S23-S30. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000004261. PMID: 34348391.   Jain, Neera R. PhD, MS1; Stergiopoulos, Erene MD, MA2; Addams, Amy3; Moreland, Christopher J. MD, MPH4; Meeks, Lisa M. PhD, MA5. “We Need a Seismic Shift”: Disabled Student Perspectives on Disability Inclusion in U.S. Medical Education. Academic Medicine ():10.1097/ACM.0000000000005842, August 8, 2024. | DOI: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000005842   Meeks LM, Jain NR.  Accessibility, Inclusion, and Action in Medical Education: Lived Experiences of Learners and Physicians with Disabilities. Washington, DC: Association of American Medical Colleges; 2018. Retrieved on September 14, 2024 from: https://store.aamc.org/accessibility-inclusion-and-action-in-medical-education-lived-experiences-of-learners-and-physicians-with-disabilities.html.   Meeks, L. M., Pereira‐Lima, K., Plegue, M., Jain, N. R., Stergiopoulos, E., Stauffer, C., ... & Moreland, C. J. (2023). Disability, program access, empathy and burnout in US medical students: A national study. Medical education, 57(6), 523-534.   Recommended Readings:   Almutairi, H., Alsubaiei, A., Abduljawad, S., Alshatti, A., Fekih-Romdhane, F., Husni, M., & Jahrami, H. (2022). Prevalence of burnout in medical students: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 68(6), 1157-1170.   Enns MW & Cox B. (2002) The Nature and Assessment of Perfectionism: A Critical Analysis. In: Flett GL, Hewitt PL, eds. Perfectionism: Theory, Research, and Treatment. American Psychological Association, 33-62.   Goldman, M. L., Shah, R. N., & Bernstein, C. A. (2015). Depression and suicide among physician trainees: recommendations for a national response. JAMA psychiatry, 72(5), 411-412.   Johnson, K. M., Slavin, S. J., & Takahashi, T. A. (2023). Excellent vs excessive: helping trainees balance performance and perfectionism. Journal of Graduate Medical Education, 15(4), 424-427.   Meeks, L. M., Conrad, S. S., Nouri, Z., Moreland, C. J., Hu, X., & Dill, M. J. (2022). Patient And Coworker Mistreatment Of Physicians With Disabilities: Study examines mistreatment of physicians with disabilities. Health Affairs, 41(10), 1396-1402.   Mirza, A. A., Baig, M., Beyari, G. M., Halawani, M. A., & Mirza, A. A. (2021). Depression and anxiety among medical students: a brief overview. Advances in Medical Education and Practice, 393-398.   Pereira-Lima, K., Meeks, L. M., Ross, K. E., Marcelin, J. R., Smeltz, L., Frank, E., & Sen, S. (2023). Barriers to disclosure of disability and request for accommodations among first-year resident physicians in the US. JAMA Network Open, 6(5), e239981-e239981.    Meeks LM, Ramsey J, Lyons M, Spencer AL, Lee WW. Wellness and work: mixed messages in residency training. J Gen Intern Med. 2019;34(7):1352-1355. PMID: 30924087   Meeks LM, Stergiopoulos E, Petersen KH. Institutional Accountability for Students With Disabilities: A Call for Liaison Committee on Medical Education Action. Acad Med. 2021 Oct. PMID: 34670236    

Have you ever been confused about the concept of brain death, or struggled to explain brain death to a patient's family or your fellow clinicians? Join the Behind the Knife Surgical Palliative Care team and our special guest, neurologist & neurointensivist Dr. Sarah Wahlster, as we explore the 2023 Pediatric & Adult Brain Death/Death by Neurologic Criteria Consensus Practice Guideline and what this updated guideline means for our practice in surgical palliative care! Hosts: Dr. Katie O'Connell (@katmo15) is an Associate Professor of Surgery at the University of Washington in the division of Trauma, Burn, and Critical Care Surgery. She is a trauma surgeon, palliative care physician, Director of Surgical Palliative Care, and founder of the Advance Care Planning for Surgery Clinic at Harborview Medical Center in Seattle, WA. Dr. Virginia Wang is a PGY-3 General Surgery resident at the University of Washington. Guest: Dr. Sarah Wahlster (@SWahlster) is an Associate Professor of Neurology at the University of Washington. She is a neurologist, neurointensivist, and Program Director of the Neurocritical Care Fellowship at Harborview Medical Center in Seattle, WA. Learning Objectives: ·      Understand the concept of assent and how it can be helpful in communicating with families of patients who have sustained brain death ·      Explain the main steps required for diagnosis of brain death (prerequisites, clinical exam, apnea testing, ancillary testing) ·      Understand key differences between the 2023 guideline and previous (2010 & 2011) guidelines ·      Be able to name the 3 accepted modalities of ancillary testing for brain death ·      Know basic communication best practices with families of patients who have sustained brain death from the surgical palliative care perspective (consistency of language & messaging; avoidance of phrases such as “life-sustaining treatment”, “comfort-focused measures”) References: 1.     Greer, D. M., Kirschen, M. P., Lewis, A., Gronseth, G. S., Rae-Grant, A., Ashwal, S., Babu, M. A., Bauer, D. F., Billinghurst, L., Corey, A., Partap, S., Rubin, M. A., Shutter, L., Takahashi, C., Tasker, R. C., Varelas, P. N., Wijdicks, E., Bennett, A., Wessels, S. R., & Halperin, J. J. (2023). Pediatric and Adult Brain Death/Death by Neurologic Criteria Consensus Guideline. Neurology, 101(24), 1112–1132. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000207740 2.     Lewis, A., Kirschen, M. P., & Greer, D. (2023). The 2023 AAN/AAP/CNS/SCCM Pediatric and Adult Brain Death/Death by Neurologic Criteria Consensus Practice Guideline: A Comparison With the 2010 and 2011 Guidelines. Neurology. Clinical practice, 13(6), e200189. https://doi.org/10.1212/CPJ.0000000000200189 3.     AAN Interactive Brain Death/Death by Neurologic Criteria Evaluation Tool – https://www.aan.com/Guidelines/BDDNC 4.     AAN Brain Death/Death by Neurologic Criteria Checklist – https://www.aan.com/Guidelines/Home/GetGuidelineContent/1101 5.     Kirschen, M. P., Lewis, A., & Greer, D. M. (2024). The 2023 American Academy of Neurology, American Academy of Pediatrics, Child Neurology Society, and Society of Critical Care Medicine Pediatric and Adult Brain Death/Death by Neurologic Criteria Determination Consensus Guidelines: What the Critical Care Team Needs to Know. Critical care medicine, 52(3), 376–386. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000006099 6.     Greer, D. M., Shemie, S. D., Lewis, A., Torrance, S., Varelas, P., Goldenberg, F. D., Bernat, J. L., Souter, M., Topcuoglu, M. A., Alexandrov, A. W., Baldisseri, M., Bleck, T., Citerio, G., Dawson, R., Hoppe, A., Jacobe, S., Manara, A., Nakagawa, T. A., Pope, T. M., Silvester, W., … Sung, G. (2020). Determination of Brain Death/Death by Neurologic Criteria: The World Brain Death Project. JAMA, 324(11), 1078–1097. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.11586 7.     Lele, A. V., Brooks, A., Miyagawa, L. A., Tesfalem, A., Lundgren, K., Cano, R. E., Ferro-Gonzalez, N., Wongelemegist, Y., Abdullahi, A., Christianson, J. T., Huong, J. S., Nash, P. L., Wang, W. Y., Fong, C. T., Theard, M. A., Wahlster, S., Jannotta, G. E., & Vavilala, M. S. (2023). Caseworker Cultural Mediator Involvement in Neurocritical Care for Patients and Families With Non-English Language Preference: A Quality Improvement Project. Cureus, 15(4), e37687. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.37687 Please visit https://behindtheknife.org to access other high-yield surgical education podcasts, videos and more.   If you liked this episode, check out our recent episodes here: https://app.behindtheknife.org/listen

The interviews keep on coming as The K League United Podcast returns to Bucheon to sit down with Bucheon FC 1995's Takahashi Kazuki. Matthew Binns and Andrew Farrell host the latest episode of The K League United Podcast as Andrew continues his tour of Gyeonggi-do stadiums as he heads over to the home of Bucheon FC 1995 to interview Takahashi Kazuki.   Joining Bucheon last season, the Japanese midfielder talks through his career that saw him head to Europe at the age of 17 and the adventure through the leagues that followed.   He also talks in detail about life in the K League, the grounds he loves (and hates) to play at, and his time so far at Bucheon, a club where he has settled down and is enjoying his football.   All this and more on The K League United Podcast!

Check out my Tronic Radio on your favorite streaming platforms here: https://ssyncc.com/tronic-podcast Don't miss Astro aka Akihisa Takahashi's new track 'Celestia' on the new TREATMENT compilation on Tronic: https://fanlink.tv/TR498 01.Fireground - Reprocessing [Ilian Tape] 02.Jancen - Dub Tool 1 (OFF / GRID Remix) [Safe Space] 03.Kabay - Breakdown Ritual [Clergy] 04.Christian Smith - Obsidian [Tronic] 05.Greg Gow - The Extraction [Jeton] 06.Eric Sneo - Move On (2024 Remake) [Tronic] 07.Gary Beck - Fold [Mutual Rytm] 08.Hertz - Lush Pad [Sway] 09.Ferdinger - Keep Going [Life In Patterns] 10.Name_Less, J B I L O - Overheat [Tronic] 11.D-Unity - Tribal Heat [Tronic] 12.Astro aka Akihisa Takahashi - Celestia [Tronic] 13.Uncertain - Donna [Beard Man] 14.PAGANO - Zelig [Tronic] 15.SUDO - Neutron [Tronic] 16.Fireground - United [Tresor] 17.Samuel L Session - Body Slam [SLS] This show is syndicated & distributed exclusively by Syndicast. If you are a radio station interested in airing the show or would like to distribute your podcast / radio show please register here: https://syndicast.co.uk/distribution/registration

GUEST OVERVIEW: Saul J. Takahashi is Professor of Human Rights and Peace Studies at Osaka Jogakuin University in Osaka, Japan. He is an international human rights and humanitarian lawyer, and his main research interests include human rights in Palestine and Islamophobia. Saul served as Deputy Head of Office of the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights in Occupied Palestine from March 2009 to May 2014.

Bo Takahashi of Seibu is the guest, we have a quick conversation about potential MVP candidates in both leagues, look at some interleague stats, touch on a Roki Sasaki rumor and handle some HighHeat.

Don't be so surprised; this is the power of will, a fundamental power that exists within everyone. What you are witnessing is simply your perception of it. And you know what? Perception and pain are but one and the same. So... go ahead... Feel my pain for yourself!The final installment of our miniseries on Xenosaga Episode I is here! We reach an exciting conclusion, but are ultimately left with more questions than answers: Who were Albedo and Junior in their pasts?; What is Abel's Ark?; and why is Shion being drawn to Old Miltia? We unfortunately do not see these answers play out until episodes II and III. In this episode, we discuss the final areas of the game, see Albedo's true ruthlessness, and more. Do it up!More Retro Hangover PodcastMore Friday Night GamecastClick on the following to find PPR on the web!PatreonJoin our DiscordTwitter Instagram Bluesky Thank you for listening! Want to reach out to PPR? Send your questions, comments, and recommendations to pixelprojectradio@gmail.com! And as ever, any ratings and/or reviews left on your platform of choice are greatly appreciated!

Mari Takahashi's first video for SMOSH, a YouTube sketch comedy channel, wasn't immediately met with praise. And this gig was far on the side – she had a legitimate career as a professional ballet dancer. Youtube stardom wasn't even a consideration… but eventually she'd have to make a choice. Today Mari has a large digital media presence, has won 2 Streamy Awards, produced shows like Smosh Pit Weekly, Maricraft, and Operation: Open World, and amassed over 2 billion collective views. Today, she's focusing on her own YouTube channel and is the co-owner of SpacestationGaming. Let's find out how she got here! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Hiroshi Takahashi aka Kaicho is back for part 2 of his interview, and he does not disappoint. Listen as he provides first-hand accounts of significant people and events related to drifting in Japan! Get ready for some serious history lessons! Kaicho discusses many topics, such as Akira Nakai of current day RWB fame becoming the inspiration for Kaicho's drifting style, the origins of the term "missile car" and the infamous jump at Ebisu Minami, learning English from team Hey Man!, the early days of D1 Grand Prix, his battle against Ueo at Tsukuba and so much more. Duck Off runningfree86 x SileightyMania Podcast stickers: https://sileightymania.square.site/product/runningfree86-x-smp-duck-off-sticker/17?cs=true&cst=custom This episode and all episodes of Season 2 are brought to you by Falken @falkentire , a supporter of drifting since 2003 and a major reason drifting is where it is today. Check out their ultra-high-performance(UHP) Azenis RT660, Azenis RT615K+ and their UHP Azenis FK460 at https://www.falkentire.com. Follow Kaicho on IG: https://www.instagram.com/runningfree86 Follow us on IG: https://www.instagram.com/sileightymania #drifting #driftinghistory #driftingpodcast #ae86 #hachiroku #japandrifting #runningfree #hiroshitakahashi #kaicho #runningfree86 --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/sileightymania/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/sileightymania/support

Keenan betrays his mustache by revealing its deepest secrets, and then talks about his experience with 'Insomniac' V16, his trips to Japan, what stood out to him about the Japanese climbing culture, favorite anime, home wall dreams, footwork tips, and his nearest misses while highballing and how they changed his feelings about future highballs.Become a Patron to get access to the full episode! The full version is 57:20.patreon.com/thenuggetclimbingWatch the Video Interview:EXTRA: Keenan Takahashi — Uncut VideoNuggets:(00:00:00) – Mustache Q&A Part 1(00:07:38) – Sticky climber(00:09:00) – Finger strength(00:13:29) – Aesthetics(00:15:56) – Insomniac(00:17:42) – Japanese climbing culture(00:25:32) – Logistics of traveling to Japan(00:26:33) – Anime(00:27:07) – Realizing his potential(00:32:23) – Home wall dreams (00:35:20) – Ethan and Lucas(00:37:19) – Mustache Q&A Part 2(00:39:09) – Best climbing years(00:42:12) – Footwork tips(00:45:39) – Benchmark Berkeley(00:46:14) – Shoutout(00:46:26) – Fast food(00:47:20) – A Little Life and highballing(00:50:09) – Doomsday(00:54:37) – Future highballs

Keenan Takahashi is one of the top boulders in the world. We talked about the origin story of his clothing company ANTIGRAV, the importance of carving out space for creativity, establishing his latest V15 FA ‘The Gold Standard', watching Sean Bailey send ‘Devilution', unclimbed king lines in Bishop, shifting his focus to meaningful hard climbs, his stubbornness, why trying limit moves makes him a better climber, learning the macro from the micro, accessing try hard, why he started training, upcoming goals, and much more! I've wanted to talk to Keenan since the very beginning of the podcast, and this turned out to be one of my all-time favorite interviews.Become a Patron - 7 Day Free Trial!patreon.com/thenuggetclimbing Check out Arc'teryx!Shop for my favorite approach shoesCheck out KAYA!kayaclimb.comUse code "NUGGET" at checkout for 20% off your first year of KAYA PRO!Check out Rhino Skin Solutions!rhinoskinsolutions.comUse code “NUGGET” at checkout for 20% off your next order!The Nugget is sponsored by BetterHelp!betterhelp.com/NUGGETUse this link for 10% off your first month! We are supported by these amazing BIG GIVERS:Michael Roy, Craig Lee, Mark and Julie Calhoun, Yinan Liu, Zach Emery, Alex Pluta, and Matt WalterShow Notes:  thenuggetclimbing.com/episodes/keenan-takahashiNuggets:(00:00:00) – Intro(00:02:47) – Kalkoentjie(00:06:22) – Buried in admin(00:09:48) – What Keenan's life looks like(00:15:25) – Taking space(00:18:08) – The origin story of ANTIGRAV(00:28:02) – Selling an emotion(00:32:47) – Making a climbing pant(00:34:12) – Creating value(00:37:56) – Exclusive brands(00:42:12) – The small drop model(00:47:48) – Committing(00:49:50) – Climbing better than ever(00:55:15) – The Finnish Line(01:00:13) – Jimmy Webb's development in Tahoe(01:02:00) – Chasing dream lines(01:03:20) – Satisfaction(01:07:57) – 10 more things(01:10:23) – Devilution(01:15:51) – Unclimbed projects in Bishop(01:18:23) – The Gold Standard(01:43:47) – Stubbornness(01:46:20) – Learning from one limit move(01:49:33) – Learning the macro from the micro(01:51:52) – What he learned from Spectre(01:53:52) – Surrounding himself with stronger climbers(01:55:12) – V15 at 50, and working weaknesses(01:58:30) – Trying hard(02:08:11) – Passion and relinquishing obsession(02:10:22) – Cultivating fun(02:14:47) – Measuring progress(02:20:52) – The Dark Side(02:23:47) – Ireland plans(02:28:38) – Wrap up

The government is forcing me to buy an electric vehicle even though it emits more than a Ford F-350 truck smoking an unfiltered cigarette. COMMUNISM!BONUS EPISODES available on Patreon (https://www.patreon.com/deniersplaybook) SOCIALS & MORE (https://linktr.ee/deniersplaybook) CREDITS Created by: Rollie Williams, Nicole Conlan & Ben BoultHosts: Rollie Williams & Nicole ConlanExecutive Producer: Ben Boult Producer: Gregory Haddock Editor: Brittany TerrellResearchers: Carly Rizzuto, Canute Haroldson & James CrugnaleArt: Jordan Doll Music: Tony Domenick Special thanks: The Civil Liberties Defense CenterSOURCESAAA Foundation for Traffic Safety. (2023). American Driving Survey: 2022. Andersson, Ö., & Börjesson, P. (2021). The greenhouse gas emissions of an electrified vehicle combined with renewable fuels: Life cycle assessment and policy implications. Applied Energy, 289, 116621. Atkinson, R. (2023, June 3). I love electric vehicles – and was an early adopter. 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