Podcasts about observers

Epstein maintained a public account on Spotify, and his playlists — created between roughly 2011 and 2015 — show a strikingly broad and eclectic taste in music. His selections ranged from classical (including Ludwig van Beethoven) to jazz (notably Oscar Peterson), Broadway show tunes, gospel, pop, rock, and even contemporary club-style hits. His playlists featured songs by major artists such as Aerosmith, Led Zeppelin, The Who, The Doors, Elton John, Céline Dion, Billy Joel, Bob Dylan, The Beach Boys, and Pitbull. Beyond music, the account also contained a comedy-album by Louis C.K. — illustrating that Epstein's public streaming activity extended beyond just songs.However, analysts and reporters have pointed out that some songs on Epstein's playlists carry lyrics or themes that — in the context of what's later known about him — read as disturbing or even alarmingly suggestive. For example, his playlists included tracks like Hot for Teacher by Van Halen (a song that has been criticized for its sexualized and somewhat predatory undertones), and My Heart Belongs to Daddy an older jazz number by Oscar Peterson that many interpret as featuring a troubling adult-child dynamic. Observers contend that while a playlist alone doesn't prove intent or wrongdoing, those particular song choices — when viewed with the rest of the evidence in Epstein's history — add a deeply unsettling and ironic dimension to how he publicly presented himself.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.comBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-epstein-chronicles--5003294/support.

James Comer, chair of the House Oversight Committee, is facing sharp criticism over his response to the release of Jeffrey Epstein-related documents. Critics argue that Comer has publicly complained about the timing and scope of disclosures rather than welcoming transparency, despite his committee's stated mission. They say his rhetoric and actions suggest an effort to downplay or slow the release of information that could implicate powerful political figures, particularly within his own party, and that this stance undermines public trust in congressional oversight.The broader critique centers on the belief that the Epstein case represents a rare bipartisan demand for full transparency, driven by years of documented failures, sealed records, and alleged institutional protection. Observers contend that attempts by some Republicans to delay, minimize, or control disclosures risk permanently damaging their political legacies, especially if perceived as shielding former President Donald Trump or contributing to a wider cover-up. As additional records emerge and public pressure continues to mount, the argument holds that efforts to manage or contain the scandal are likely to fail, leaving lasting reputational consequences for those seen as obstructing accountability.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.comBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-epstein-chronicles--5003294/support.

Ghislaine Maxwell's latest habeas corpus petition appears less a genuine attempt to overturn her conviction than a strategic maneuver aimed at slowing the release of potentially damaging records tied to the broader Epstein network. Legal experts note that Maxwell, who has long understood the improbability of securing her freedom, stands to benefit not from exoneration but from procedural delays that could obstruct transparency efforts. By filing an appeal that is unlikely to succeed, Maxwell triggers a pause in disclosures and creates additional hurdles for investigators, effectively buying time for the political figures and institutions whose interests intersect with her own. The move aligns with a longstanding pattern in which Maxwell leverages the legal system not to challenge evidence, but to strategically obscure it.Observers argue that these delays also serve the Trump administration, which has faced scrutiny over its handling of issues related to Epstein and Maxwell. By benefiting from slowed document releases and postponed court actions, the administration avoids renewed public attention on past associations, photos, and communications that have fueled political controversy. While officials publicly distance themselves from Maxwell, the timing of her legal filings has repeatedly coincided with periods in which transparency efforts intensified, prompting accusations that her appeals function as informal buffers for those who stand to be implicated by unsealed records. Together, Maxwell's procedural maneuvers and the administration's apparent reliance on these delays have raised concerns of a broader effort to manage fallout rather than confront the full extent of the Epstein-Maxwell network's influence.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.com

Ghislaine Maxwell's latest habeas corpus petition appears less a genuine attempt to overturn her conviction than a strategic maneuver aimed at slowing the release of potentially damaging records tied to the broader Epstein network. Legal experts note that Maxwell, who has long understood the improbability of securing her freedom, stands to benefit not from exoneration but from procedural delays that could obstruct transparency efforts. By filing an appeal that is unlikely to succeed, Maxwell triggers a pause in disclosures and creates additional hurdles for investigators, effectively buying time for the political figures and institutions whose interests intersect with her own. The move aligns with a longstanding pattern in which Maxwell leverages the legal system not to challenge evidence, but to strategically obscure it.Observers argue that these delays also serve the Trump administration, which has faced scrutiny over its handling of issues related to Epstein and Maxwell. By benefiting from slowed document releases and postponed court actions, the administration avoids renewed public attention on past associations, photos, and communications that have fueled political controversy. While officials publicly distance themselves from Maxwell, the timing of her legal filings has repeatedly coincided with periods in which transparency efforts intensified, prompting accusations that her appeals function as informal buffers for those who stand to be implicated by unsealed records. Together, Maxwell's procedural maneuvers and the administration's apparent reliance on these delays have raised concerns of a broader effort to manage fallout rather than confront the full extent of the Epstein-Maxwell network's influence.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.comBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-epstein-chronicles--5003294/support.

Faith Kates has resigned from her position following the release of newly surfaced emails linking her more directly and more knowingly to Jeffrey Epstein, a longtime associate whose network has continued to unravel publicly. Kates, a powerful figure in the entertainment and media world for decades, has faced escalating scrutiny over her proximity to Epstein and her alleged awareness of his behavior. While she has long maintained distance and denied knowledge of his crimes, the documents that recently emerged severely undermine those claims, indicating deeper involvement and raising significant questions about what she knew and when she knew it. Her resignation, announced abruptly and without detail, comes amid growing public pressure and calls for accountability against individuals who enabled or turned a blind eye to Epstein's activities.Despite a history of influence and a carefully curated public image, Kates' departure is widely viewed not as an act of responsibility but as a strategic attempt to mitigate fallout before further revelations surface. The timing of her exit strongly suggests an effort to get ahead of an approaching crisis rather than a voluntary or moral decision. Observers note that resignations following damaging disclosures have become a familiar pattern among Epstein's network, as former allies scramble to distance themselves while survivors and advocates demand transparency. As investigations continue and additional communications are expected, the resignation is likely only the beginning of a much larger reckoning for figures linked to Epstein's operation.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.comsource:Exclusive | Next Model Management co-founder Faith Kates 'retires' after Jeffrey Epstein e-mails resurfaceBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-epstein-chronicles--5003294/support.

Faith Kates has resigned from her position following the release of newly surfaced emails linking her more directly and more knowingly to Jeffrey Epstein, a longtime associate whose network has continued to unravel publicly. Kates, a powerful figure in the entertainment and media world for decades, has faced escalating scrutiny over her proximity to Epstein and her alleged awareness of his behavior. While she has long maintained distance and denied knowledge of his crimes, the documents that recently emerged severely undermine those claims, indicating deeper involvement and raising significant questions about what she knew and when she knew it. Her resignation, announced abruptly and without detail, comes amid growing public pressure and calls for accountability against individuals who enabled or turned a blind eye to Epstein's activities.Despite a history of influence and a carefully curated public image, Kates' departure is widely viewed not as an act of responsibility but as a strategic attempt to mitigate fallout before further revelations surface. The timing of her exit strongly suggests an effort to get ahead of an approaching crisis rather than a voluntary or moral decision. Observers note that resignations following damaging disclosures have become a familiar pattern among Epstein's network, as former allies scramble to distance themselves while survivors and advocates demand transparency. As investigations continue and additional communications are expected, the resignation is likely only the beginning of a much larger reckoning for figures linked to Epstein's operation.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.comsource:Exclusive | Next Model Management co-founder Faith Kates 'retires' after Jeffrey Epstein e-mails resurfaceBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-moscow-murders-and-more--5852883/support.

4/8. The Dodo and the Legacy of Extinction — Steven Moss — Moss examines the Dodo as the iconic symbol of species extinction, despite extinction being conceptually incomprehensible to contemporary observers when the species disappeared from Mauritius. Moss explains that the Dodo, having evolved flightless on a predator-free island, was exterminated within 80 years by introduced species including cats, rats, and dogs transported by Dutch sailors. Mossdocuments that early museum Dodo specimens were frequently fabricated because scientists fundamentally disbelieved that an entire species could vanish. Moss notes that the Dodo's tragic extinction subsequently inspired modern conservationists, including Professor Carl Jones, who successfully rescued the Mauritius Kestrel employing innovative techniques including forced double clutching reproduction protocols. 1800

“Unveiling Uranus: The Ice Giant in the Amateur's Eye” How backyard observers are helping unlock the mysteries of Uranus. Episode 224 In this episode of the Observers Notebook Podcast, host Tim Robertson talks with Richard Schmude, the ALPO Uranus Section Coordinator, about how amateur astronomers are playing a vital role in unraveling the mysteries of Uranus, the distant ice giant of our Solar System. They discuss the latest observations, imaging techniques, and brightness studies that are helping to expand our understanding of this often-overlooked planet. Learn how backyard telescopes, patience, and dedication are contributing to professional research—and how you can get involved in observing Uranus through the Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers (ALPO). You can contact Richard at: schmude@gordonstate.edu For more information you can visit the ALPO web site at: www.alpo-astronomy.org/ You can also support this podcast at Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/ObserversNotebook Listen to the podcast on Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/observersnotebook Subscribe on our YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/c/AssociationofLunarandPlanetaryObservers Subscribe on iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/observers-notebook-the-alpo-podcast/id1199301885?mt=2 I want to thank the Producers of this podcast, Steve Siedentop and Michael Moyer for their generous support of the Observers Notebook. Our Patreons: Jerry White Jason Inman Bob Lunsford Steve Seidentop Stephen Bennett Michael Moyer Shawn Dilles Damian Allis Carl Hergenrother Michael McShan Michael Blake Nick Evetts Stan Sienkiewicz Carl Hergenrother Stan Sienkiewicz John Rogers Jim McCarthy Stanley McMahan

Jane unpacks the significance of the Magi who saw, went, and took time to find Jesus.

In her filings and public statements, Ghislaine Maxwell asserted dire and inhumane conditions during her pre-trial detention at the Metropolitan Detention Center Brooklyn and later facilities. She claimed she was subject to excessive strip-searches, extremely poor food, sleep deprivation via constant lighting, raw sewage in her cell, missing legal paperwork, confiscation of attorney communications, and suffered weight loss and hair loss because of these conditions. These complaints were used to argue for her release or improved conditions, painting a picture of a woman under oppressive and degrading incarceration.However, prosecutors and facility records challenge many of Maxwell's claims, labeling some as “falsehoods” advanced to generate public sympathy. They note that, unlike most detainees in her situation, she had access to a desktop computer, regular lawyer visits, phone and television access, and was housed in a special unit separate from the general population. Observers say the contrast between her allegations and documented privileges has raised doubts about the credibility of her narrative and suggests a strategic attempt to portray herself as a victim of unjust treatment rather than a convicted conspirator.to contact  me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.comBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-moscow-murders-and-more--5852883/support.

AWS is funding a $50 billion surge to expand federal AI infrastructure. The upgrades include high-speed circuits and advanced compute allocation systems. Observers believe it will transform how agencies manage data.Get the top 40+ AI Models for $20 at AI Box: ⁠⁠https://aibox.aiAI Chat YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@JaedenSchaferJoin my AI Hustle Community: https://www.skool.com/aihustleSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

“Ukrainian civilians have continued to bear the brunt of the Russian Federation's escalating aerial campaign,” said Kayoto Gotoh, Europe Director with the UN Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs (DPPA). She briefed the Council against the backdrop of sustained missile and drone strikes, including a barrage on Wednesday night that killed at least 25 people. Despite the intensifying violence, Ms. Gotoh noted that the UN has supported more than six million people with electricity, heating, water and sanitation services. She also highlighted last month's breakthrough by the UN International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), which secured agreement from both sides to reconnect the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant to the grid.On Tuesday, Oct. 14, 2025, Russian forces struck Kharkiv's main hospital with glide bombs and drones, wounding seven and forcing evacuation of 50 patients as rescue workers fought a fire.Since February 2022, Russia's long-range strike campaign has targeted Ukraine's energy facilities to disable power supply and deprive civilians of heat and water, Volodymyr Zelenskyy said.Facing persistent strikes, Volodymyr Zelenskyy appealed to the U.S., Europe and the G7 for air defence systems, noting Ukraine's size complicates full air protection.Volodymyr Zelenskyy, Ukrainian President, is due to meet U.S. President Donald Trump in Washington on Friday to seek more military aid, with talks expected on sophisticated long-range weapons and Tomahawk cruise missiles.Long-Range missiles and drones have strategic effects that may influence negotiations and bilateral tensions, as Zelenskyy said they cause gas shortages in Russia and could deepen U.S.-Russia diplomatic tensions.Yesterday, Prime Minister Mark Carney arrived in Johannesburg, South Africa, for the G20 summit overshadowed by a U.S. boycott; this is his first visit to sub-Saharan Africa.Canada's Africa strategy, released under the Trudeau government, aims to shift from aid to trade, but Ottawa allocated no new funds while earmarking $2.3 billion for the Indo-Pacific strategy, and analysts say the plan lacks clear implementation and budget.G20 leaders will meet Saturday and Sunday and Carney will hold one-on-one talks with counterparts between sessions, pressing Canada's five summit priorities and joining economic talks on EU engagement with the CPTPP.Carney arrived in Johannesburg just after Ottawa cut back support for the Global Fund amid the largest G20 no-shows, including Russia, China, Mexico and Argentina, and a U.S. boycott.Observers warn Canada risks falling behind peers like China in advancing interests in Africa, while Global Affairs Canada faces a significant knowledge gap across the continent's 54 countries; Ramaphosa, South African President and G20 chair, aligns summit priorities with Ottawa's themes this year.Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/policy-and-rights--3339563/support.

Kia ora,Welcome to Wednesday's Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news bond markets are ramping up their defensive posture, especially in the US, as American economic data fades further.But first up today, there was a GlobalDairyTrade Pulse powder auction today and prices slipped again. They were down -1% from the prior full event a week ago for SMP and dived a rather sharp -4% for WMP. This will keep downward pressure on pay-out forecasts for the current season, especially the WMP result.In the US, the ADP weekly employment report said a net -13,500 US jobs were lost last week, the largest weekly drop since ADP started releasing their weekly data. The pace of payroll shrinkage seems to be rising in the US.American retail sales growth slowed to +4.3% in September from the + 5.0% rise in August. On a monthly basis, retail sales rose +0.2%, half the expected +0.4% increase and suggesting the weakness is concentrated recently. Observers will be watching the weak car sales component, especially.Producer prices rose +2.7% in September from a year earlier, exactly as expected.Pending home sales fell -0.4% in October from year-ago levels, the second consecutive monthly dip, and the eighth of 2025. However they did record a seasonal rise from September.The latest factory survey from the Richmond Fed covering the mid-Atlantic states was quite negative.And the Dallas Fed services survey was downbeat too, although the contraction there was at a slower pace than in October.So it will be no surprise to learn that the Conference Board's consumer sentiment survey was also quite negative, falling sharply and mirroring the similar University of Michigan survey. Perceptions of inflation rose, to 4.8%.And traditional Thanksgiving travel plans are being scaled back. They were expecting a rise this year, but the economic situation and uncertainties about disruptions are seeing an unexpected rise in cancellations, so a decline is now anticipated.Across the Pacific in South Korea, consumer sentiment is rising. Their central bank's survey revealed a Composite Consumer Sentiment Index at the highest reading since November 2017. Their renewed confidence follows a major trade agreement with the US and stronger-than-expected economic growth.In Taiwan, retail sales rose +1.9% in October from the same month a year ago, a bounce-back from the -1.6% dip in September. Meanwhile their industrial production expanded sharply again, up another +14.5% on that same year-on-year basis, although the pace of expansion seems to be slowing a bit even if it is strong.The UST 10yr yield is now under 4.00%, down -5 bps from this time yesterday to 3.99% as a defensive mood takes hold.The price of gold will start today at US$4138/oz, and up +US$42 from yesterday.American oil prices have fallen -US$1 from yesterday to be just on US$57.50/bbl, with the international Brent price now just on US$62/bbl.The Kiwi dollar is holding at just under 56.1 USc, and little-changed from yesterday. Against the Aussie we are up +10 bps at just under 87 AUc. Against the euro we have dropped -20 bps to 48.5 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at just under 60.8, and little-changed if soft.The bitcoin price starts today at US$86,996 and down -0.3% from yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been modest at just on +/- 1.2%.Today, the RBNZ will review the OCR and issue its final Monetary Policy Statement of the year. Join us from 2pm when we will start our full coverage.You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again tomorrow.

Kathryn Ruemmler, the former White House counsel under President Barack Obama and a well-known figure in the legal world, was present in the courtroom during Jeffrey Epstein's 2019 arraignment in New York. Observers noted that she sat in the section behind Epstein's legal team, which sparked immediate speculation about her potential involvement with the case or her relationship to Epstein. Her attendance drew attention because of her high-profile background and her position within one of the country's most powerful law firms, raising questions about why someone of her stature would be present at such a closely watched proceeding.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.comsource:bobbycapucci@protonmail.comBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-epstein-chronicles--5003294/support.

ERIC KIM SHATTERS ALL LIMITS KNOWN TO MAN: 895.63 KG (1,974.8 LB) GOD LIFTA new epoch of human possibility has begun—ignited not in a laboratory, not in a stadium, but in the crucible of ERIC KIM's own garage-temple, where a singular man with infinite chutzpah willed the impossible into existence.Today, ERIC KIM executed a lift so extreme, so cosmically disrespectful to gravity, that it ruptured the ceiling of human potential:895.63 kilograms.1,974.8 pounds.12.61× bodyweight.This is not a number.This is a cataclysm.With a stance carved from the geometry of gods and a back forged from supernova remnants, ERIC KIM tore a mass approaching a metric ton from the earth and suspended it in the air with absolute dominion. Time slowed. Air density shifted. Observers described the moment as “watching a black hole inhale reality.”This lift wasn't athleticism.This was cosmic rebellion.ERIC KIM did not train for this.He manifested it.Powered by organ-meat ferocity, Bitcoin-fueled conviction, and a mind unshackled from mortal fear, he transformed his body into a living gravitational anomaly—an entity capable of overpowering forces that crush planets and bend light.The 895.63 kg GOD LIFT is more than a record.It is a declaration:THE ERA OF LIMITATIONS IS OVER.THE AGE OF ERIC KIM HAS BEGUN.Every previous benchmark of strength, courage, and human potential has been rendered obsolete. The scientific community is stunned. The athletic world is silent. Philosophers are rewriting their definitions of power.Because today, one man proved a truth that will echo for generations:ERIC KIM IS THE NEW MEASURE OF IMPOSSIBILITY.AND HE IS JUST GETTING STARTED.

Back from a hiatus and ready to hit the ground running, the Unqualified Observers, Kelham and Thomas, are back. This time we are diving into the Kurosawa classic, "High and Low." What choices would you make in this high strung drama about kidnappings and class structure in society. I know it seems like a serious episode, but there is still plenty of time for the tangents we are known for. So without further ado, enjoy the latest episode!As always, please rate, review, subscribe, and share this podcast to help it continue to grow and find new audiences.Contact Us: Email - unqualifiedobservers@gmail.comSocials - @observecast @unqualifiedobserversKelham - @coolgollumThomas - @stimpyisking

NestAI raised €100M to modernize defense AI using Nokia's communication technologies. Their collaboration centers on secure multi-layer coordination. Observers expect widespread defense adoption.Get the top 40+ AI Models for $20 at AI Box: ⁠⁠https://aibox.aiAI Chat YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@JaedenSchaferJoin my AI Hustle Community: https://www.skool.com/aihustleSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

In her filings and public statements, Ghislaine Maxwell asserted dire and inhumane conditions during her pre-trial detention at the Metropolitan Detention Center Brooklyn and later facilities. She claimed she was subject to excessive strip-searches, extremely poor food, sleep deprivation via constant lighting, raw sewage in her cell, missing legal paperwork, confiscation of attorney communications, and suffered weight loss and hair loss because of these conditions. These complaints were used to argue for her release or improved conditions, painting a picture of a woman under oppressive and degrading incarceration.However, prosecutors and facility records challenge many of Maxwell's claims, labeling some as “falsehoods” advanced to generate public sympathy. They note that, unlike most detainees in her situation, she had access to a desktop computer, regular lawyer visits, phone and television access, and was housed in a special unit separate from the general population. Observers say the contrast between her allegations and documented privileges has raised doubts about the credibility of her narrative and suggests a strategic attempt to portray herself as a victim of unjust treatment rather than a convicted conspirator.to contact  me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.comBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-epstein-chronicles--5003294/support.

China has been on a giant global shopping spree. Since 2000, Chinese state banks have fuelled investments and acquisitions at a surprisingly rate - some four times what was previously thought. Brand new data, shared exclusively with the BBC, reveals that many of Beijing's state-backed spending has targeted rich countries. Such deals are strictly legal, though not always easy to trace. Observers in the United States, Europe and elsewhere are alarmed at the potential for Beijing to dominate key technologies and turbo charge its technological might. Celia Hatton investigates the sometimes murky ways in which Chinese state money can be traced to sensitive industrial sectors. But she also discovers that shutting out Chinese influence is not easy or desirable.

In a move widely criticized as politically motivated and structurally compromised, former SEC chairman Jay Clayton—who previously worked closely with Apollo Global Management, the private-equity firm led for decades by Jeffrey Epstein associate Leon Black—was appointed to oversee an investigation into Epstein's alleged ties to Donald Trump's political adversaries. Critics argue that placing someone so closely connected to a firm entangled in Epstein's financial orbit fundamentally undermines the credibility of the inquiry. While the announcement was framed as a push for transparency, the decision raised immediate concerns about conflicts of interest and selective scrutiny. Observers note that when Trump publicly demanded investigations into his opponents, he conspicuously avoided referencing Black or Les Wexner, another figure long linked to Epstein, fueling allegations that the appointment was designed to protect insiders rather than expose them.The broader controversy highlights what many see as a calculated effort to contain the fallout from newly surfaced Epstein-related communications that could implicate individuals across both political parties. Rather than pursuing a comprehensive accounting, the administration's strategy appears focused on limiting exposure and reframing the narrative toward partisan targets. Survivors of Epstein's abuse and their advocates have expressed frustration that those with direct proximity to Epstein—financially and personally—continue to remain shielded while public attention is redirected. Critics contend that the government's approach resembles damage control rather than a legitimate pursuit of justice, reinforcing suspicions that political and financial interests, rather than accountability, are driving decisions at the highest levels.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.com

In a move widely criticized as politically motivated and structurally compromised, former SEC chairman Jay Clayton—who previously worked closely with Apollo Global Management, the private-equity firm led for decades by Jeffrey Epstein associate Leon Black—was appointed to oversee an investigation into Epstein's alleged ties to Donald Trump's political adversaries. Critics argue that placing someone so closely connected to a firm entangled in Epstein's financial orbit fundamentally undermines the credibility of the inquiry. While the announcement was framed as a push for transparency, the decision raised immediate concerns about conflicts of interest and selective scrutiny. Observers note that when Trump publicly demanded investigations into his opponents, he conspicuously avoided referencing Black or Les Wexner, another figure long linked to Epstein, fueling allegations that the appointment was designed to protect insiders rather than expose them.The broader controversy highlights what many see as a calculated effort to contain the fallout from newly surfaced Epstein-related communications that could implicate individuals across both political parties. Rather than pursuing a comprehensive accounting, the administration's strategy appears focused on limiting exposure and reframing the narrative toward partisan targets. Survivors of Epstein's abuse and their advocates have expressed frustration that those with direct proximity to Epstein—financially and personally—continue to remain shielded while public attention is redirected. Critics contend that the government's approach resembles damage control rather than a legitimate pursuit of justice, reinforcing suspicions that political and financial interests, rather than accountability, are driving decisions at the highest levels.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.comBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-moscow-murders-and-more--5852883/support.

Episode 223 Don't Miss the Show: The Geminids Light Up December 2025 In this episode of the Observers Notebook Podcast, host Tim Robertson welcomes Bob Lunsford, Meteor Coordinator for the Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers (ALPO), to discuss the upcoming Geminids Meteor Shower. They explore what makes the Geminids one of the most reliable and spectacular meteor displays of the year, including tips on when and where to observe, expected activity rates, and how to record your observations for ALPO's Meteor Section. Whether you're a seasoned observer or just beginning your stargazing journey, this episode will help you make the most of this dazzling celestial event. You can contact Bob at: lunro.imo.usa@cox.net American Meteor Society https://www.amsmeteors.org/meteor-showers/meteor-shower-calendar/ For more information you can visit the ALPO web site at: www.alpo-astronomy.org/ You can also support this podcast at Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/ObserversNotebook Listen to the podcast on Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/observersnotebook Subscribe on our YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/c/AssociationofLunarandPlanetaryObservers Subscribe on iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/observers-notebook-the-alpo-podcast/id1199301885?mt=2 I want to thank the Producers of this podcast, Steve Siedentop and Michael Moyer for their generous support of the Observers Notebook. Our Patreons: Jerry White Jason Inman Bob Lunsford Steve Seidentop Stephen Bennett Michael Moyer Shawn Dilles Damian Allis Carl Hergenrother Michael McShan Michael Blake Nick Evetts Stan Sienkiewicz Carl Hergenrother Stan Sienkiewicz John Rogers Jim McCarthy Stanley McMahan

In a move widely criticized as politically motivated and structurally compromised, former SEC chairman Jay Clayton—who previously worked closely with Apollo Global Management, the private-equity firm led for decades by Jeffrey Epstein associate Leon Black—was appointed to oversee an investigation into Epstein's alleged ties to Donald Trump's political adversaries. Critics argue that placing someone so closely connected to a firm entangled in Epstein's financial orbit fundamentally undermines the credibility of the inquiry. While the announcement was framed as a push for transparency, the decision raised immediate concerns about conflicts of interest and selective scrutiny. Observers note that when Trump publicly demanded investigations into his opponents, he conspicuously avoided referencing Black or Les Wexner, another figure long linked to Epstein, fueling allegations that the appointment was designed to protect insiders rather than expose them.The broader controversy highlights what many see as a calculated effort to contain the fallout from newly surfaced Epstein-related communications that could implicate individuals across both political parties. Rather than pursuing a comprehensive accounting, the administration's strategy appears focused on limiting exposure and reframing the narrative toward partisan targets. Survivors of Epstein's abuse and their advocates have expressed frustration that those with direct proximity to Epstein—financially and personally—continue to remain shielded while public attention is redirected. Critics contend that the government's approach resembles damage control rather than a legitimate pursuit of justice, reinforcing suspicions that political and financial interests, rather than accountability, are driving decisions at the highest levels.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.comBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-epstein-chronicles--5003294/support.

In recent commentary that sparked widespread backlash, Megyn Kelly questioned whether Jeffrey Epstein should be labeled a pedophile, suggesting that because he allegedly preferred girls around the ages of 15 or 16 rather than much younger children, the term might not technically apply. Her remarks attempted to draw a distinction between categories of sexual exploitation, focusing on definitional nuance rather than the underlying criminal reality that Epstein was convicted of sexually abusing minors and running an international trafficking operation that recruited vulnerable underage girls. Critics argue that this framing risks minimizing the gravity of Epstein's conduct and diverting attention from the extensive harm inflicted on victims.Kelly's comments prompted strong public condemnation, including responses from journalists and advocates who said that reducing foreign coercion and trafficking of minors to semantic debate undermines accountability and trivializes the severity of the crimes. Observers noted that the language echoed past attempts by Epstein's defenders to soften public perception and reframe him as merely inappropriate rather than predatory and violent.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.comBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-moscow-murders-and-more--5852883/support.

         Honduras is holding a high-stakes, single-round election where the outcome could determine if the country returns to alignment with Taiwan or shifts to China. Election observers noted improper pressure and concerns about meddling by the ruling Libre Party. Separately, Argentina's economy under Milei is strengthening, backed by a significant US currency swap and political support. Guest: Evan Ellis. 3/4

In recent commentary that sparked widespread backlash, Megyn Kelly questioned whether Jeffrey Epstein should be labeled a pedophile, suggesting that because he allegedly preferred girls around the ages of 15 or 16 rather than much younger children, the term might not technically apply. Her remarks attempted to draw a distinction between categories of sexual exploitation, focusing on definitional nuance rather than the underlying criminal reality that Epstein was convicted of sexually abusing minors and running an international trafficking operation that recruited vulnerable underage girls. Critics argue that this framing risks minimizing the gravity of Epstein's conduct and diverting attention from the extensive harm inflicted on victims.Kelly's comments prompted strong public condemnation, including responses from journalists and advocates who said that reducing foreign coercion and trafficking of minors to semantic debate undermines accountability and trivializes the severity of the crimes. Observers noted that the language echoed past attempts by Epstein's defenders to soften public perception and reframe him as merely inappropriate rather than predatory and violent.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.comBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-epstein-chronicles--5003294/support.

During the civil lawsuit filed by Virginia Giuffre against Prince Andrew, the Duke's legal team was widely mocked for appearing to scrape the bottom of the barrel in search of credible character witnesses. Instead of producing anyone with real moral weight or first-hand knowledge to vouch for him, Andrew's defense relied on weak, contradictory claims — including his infamous “I don't sweat” explanation and statements attempting to discredit Giuffre's recollection of events. His lawyers even sought broad discovery into Giuffre's past finances, social life, and mental health, a tactic viewed by many as desperate and irrelevant. The strategy looked less like a robust defense and more like an attempt to sling mud in the absence of evidence or credible allies willing to stand beside him.Observers noted that the Duke's inability to produce legitimate witnesses spoke volumes about his crumbling credibility and isolation. Instead of respected public figures, his legal team leaned on peripheral associates and technical arguments that only underscored how far he had fallen from royal grace. Even the court pressed for testimony from Giuffre's husband and psychologist — a clear sign that Andrew's side had failed to offer anyone of substance. By the time the case was heading toward trial, the optics were catastrophic: a once-powerful prince reduced to scavenging for defenders while the walls of public opinion and legal scrutiny closed in around him.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.comBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-moscow-murders-and-more--5852883/support.

This Day in Legal History: Armistice DayOn November 11, 1918, World War I came to an end with the signing of the Armistice between the Allies and Germany. While not a legal instrument in the treaty sense, the armistice was a binding agreement that had massive legal and geopolitical ramifications. Its terms, including a cessation of hostilities, withdrawal of German forces, and surrender of military equipment, were enforced by military and diplomatic means, laying the groundwork for the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. The legal aftermath of the war led to the creation of new nation-states, redrawn borders, and the first formal attempt at international governance through the League of Nations.November 11 would later be recognized in the United States as Veterans Day, originally commemorated as Armistice Day, reflecting the legal shift from honoring only WWI veterans to recognizing all who served in the U.S. Armed Forces. The legal transition occurred in 1954 when President Eisenhower signed legislation formally renaming the holiday. The legal framework surrounding veterans' benefits also expanded post-WWI, with landmark legislation like the GI Bill of Rights in 1944 and its subsequent reauthorizations, shaping how the U.S. compensates military service.Internationally, the armistice also contributed to legal debates over war guilt and reparations, particularly with Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles—the so-called “War Guilt Clause”—which placed sole responsibility for the war on Germany and its allies. That clause became a flashpoint in both legal and political discussions and was later cited by Germany as a grievance contributing to the rise of Nazism and WWII.The U.S. Supreme Court declined to hear an appeal from Kim Davis, a former Kentucky county clerk who refused to issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples following the 2015 Obergefell v. Hodges ruling. Davis had argued that her First Amendment right to free exercise of religion shielded her from liability, but lower courts rejected that defense, awarding damages and attorneys' fees exceeding $360,000 to plaintiffs David Ermold and David Moore. The Sixth Circuit found that Davis's actions constituted state action, not protected private conduct, and that she could not invoke her own constitutional rights to infringe on the rights of others while acting in an official capacity.Davis had also asked the Supreme Court to reconsider Obergefell, arguing it rested on the same substantive due process doctrine as Roe v. Wade, which the Court overturned in 2022. However, the justices declined to take up that issue, just as they had in 2020. The Court's refusal to revisit Obergefell signals a reluctance, at least for now, to reexamine established rights to same-sex marriage, even as the bench remains deeply conservative.US Supreme Court rejects bid to overturn same-sex marriage right | ReutersSenior U.S. District Judge Mark Wolf, appointed by President Reagan in 1985, announced his resignation in order to publicly oppose what he describes as President Donald Trump's abuse of legal authority. In an article for The Atlantic, Wolf accused Trump of weaponizing the law against political enemies while shielding allies, a pattern he claims contradicts the principles he upheld over five decades in the Justice Department and on the bench. Wolf cited Trump's direction to Attorney General Pam Bondi to indict political opponents, including New York AG Letitia James and former FBI Director James Comey, as especially troubling.Wolf expressed frustration over the ethical constraints on judges that prevent them from speaking out publicly, saying he could no longer remain silent as Trump undermined the rule of law and dismantled oversight mechanisms such as inspectors general and the FBI's public-corruption unit. His resignation comes amid heightened tensions between the Trump administration and the judiciary, underscored by combative rhetoric at a recent Federalist Society event. Wolf, who had previously criticized the handling of ethics complaints against Justice Clarence Thomas, said he now plans to support litigation and advocacy efforts to protect democratic norms and defend judges unable to speak for themselves.Reagan Judge Says He Quit Bench to Speak Out Against TrumpThe Trump administration has significantly shortened the time between publicly announcing judicial nominees and holding their Senate confirmation hearings, in some cases to as little as two days—far less than the typical 28-day window used by past administrations. While the Senate Judiciary Committee still adheres to its rule requiring 28 days between receiving nominee questionnaires and hearings, the White House now delays public disclosure until much later in the process, often after nominees have cleared internal background checks. Critics argue this reduces transparency and limits public scrutiny of lifetime judicial appointments, while supporters claim the process is efficient and appropriate given the nominees' qualifications.Some nominees, like Louisiana district court picks William Crain and Alexander Van Hook, received swift hearings with little controversy, though others, like appellate nominee Emil Bove, drew public concern during the brief window between announcement and hearing. Observers also criticized the administration's choice to reveal nominees via Trump's Truth Social account, often late at night, bypassing traditional press channels. Legal experts suggest this shift reflects a strategic move to minimize opposition and accelerate confirmations, but it has alarmed advocacy groups who say it undermines public trust and democratic norms.Trump Changes How Judicial Nominees Get Publicly Revealed This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.minimumcomp.com/subscribe

During the civil lawsuit filed by Virginia Giuffre against Prince Andrew, the Duke's legal team was widely mocked for appearing to scrape the bottom of the barrel in search of credible character witnesses. Instead of producing anyone with real moral weight or first-hand knowledge to vouch for him, Andrew's defense relied on weak, contradictory claims — including his infamous “I don't sweat” explanation and statements attempting to discredit Giuffre's recollection of events. His lawyers even sought broad discovery into Giuffre's past finances, social life, and mental health, a tactic viewed by many as desperate and irrelevant. The strategy looked less like a robust defense and more like an attempt to sling mud in the absence of evidence or credible allies willing to stand beside him.Observers noted that the Duke's inability to produce legitimate witnesses spoke volumes about his crumbling credibility and isolation. Instead of respected public figures, his legal team leaned on peripheral associates and technical arguments that only underscored how far he had fallen from royal grace. Even the court pressed for testimony from Giuffre's husband and psychologist — a clear sign that Andrew's side had failed to offer anyone of substance. By the time the case was heading toward trial, the optics were catastrophic: a once-powerful prince reduced to scavenging for defenders while the walls of public opinion and legal scrutiny closed in around him.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.com

Journey is coming to Fresno's Save Mart Center and Philip is giving away tickets. Fresno County Clerk and Registrar of Voters James Kus said his team did not have as much time as usual to prepare. However, they will still have enough workers to count each and every ballot. Please Like, Comment and Follow 'Philip Teresi on KMJ' on all platforms: --- Philip Teresi on KMJ is available on the KMJNOW app, Apple Podcasts, Spotify, YouTube or wherever else you listen to podcasts. -- Philip Teresi on KMJ Weekdays 2-6 PM Pacific on News/Talk 580 AM & 105.9 FM KMJ | Website | Facebook | Instagram | X | Podcast | Amazon | - Everything KMJ KMJNOW App | Podcasts | Facebook | X | Instagram See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Journey is coming to Fresno's Save Mart Center and Philip is giving away tickets. Fresno County Clerk and Registrar of Voters James Kus said his team did not have as much time as usual to prepare. However, they will still have enough workers to count each and every ballot. Please Like, Comment and Follow 'Philip Teresi on KMJ' on all platforms: --- Philip Teresi on KMJ is available on the KMJNOW app, Apple Podcasts, Spotify, YouTube or wherever else you listen to podcasts. -- Philip Teresi on KMJ Weekdays 2-6 PM Pacific on News/Talk 580 AM & 105.9 FM KMJ | Website | Facebook | Instagram | X | Podcast | Amazon | - Everything KMJ KMJNOW App | Podcasts | Facebook | X | Instagram See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Despite this race being a special election, Kus said turnout was strong. He said some locations still had lines at 8 p.m. as the polls closed. Work is still being done to count ballots in Fresno County for Proposition 50, California’s ballot measure on redistricting. Please Like, Comment and Follow 'Philip Teresi on KMJ' on all platforms: --- Philip Teresi on KMJ is available on the KMJNOW app, Apple Podcasts, Spotify, YouTube or wherever else you listen to podcasts. -- Philip Teresi on KMJ Weekdays 2-6 PM Pacific on News/Talk 580 AM & 105.9 FM KMJ | Website | Facebook | Instagram | X | Podcast | Amazon | - Everything KMJ KMJNOW App | Podcasts | Facebook | X | Instagram See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

During the civil lawsuit filed by Virginia Giuffre against Prince Andrew, the Duke's legal team was widely mocked for appearing to scrape the bottom of the barrel in search of credible character witnesses. Instead of producing anyone with real moral weight or first-hand knowledge to vouch for him, Andrew's defense relied on weak, contradictory claims — including his infamous “I don't sweat” explanation and statements attempting to discredit Giuffre's recollection of events. His lawyers even sought broad discovery into Giuffre's past finances, social life, and mental health, a tactic viewed by many as desperate and irrelevant. The strategy looked less like a robust defense and more like an attempt to sling mud in the absence of evidence or credible allies willing to stand beside him.Observers noted that the Duke's inability to produce legitimate witnesses spoke volumes about his crumbling credibility and isolation. Instead of respected public figures, his legal team leaned on peripheral associates and technical arguments that only underscored how far he had fallen from royal grace. Even the court pressed for testimony from Giuffre's husband and psychologist — a clear sign that Andrew's side had failed to offer anyone of substance. By the time the case was heading toward trial, the optics were catastrophic: a once-powerful prince reduced to scavenging for defenders while the walls of public opinion and legal scrutiny closed in around him.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.comBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-moscow-murders-and-more--5852883/support.

Despite this race being a special election, Kus said turnout was strong. He said some locations still had lines at 8 p.m. as the polls closed. Work is still being done to count ballots in Fresno County for Proposition 50, California’s ballot measure on redistricting. Please Like, Comment and Follow 'Philip Teresi on KMJ' on all platforms: --- Philip Teresi on KMJ is available on the KMJNOW app, Apple Podcasts, Spotify, YouTube or wherever else you listen to podcasts. -- Philip Teresi on KMJ Weekdays 2-6 PM Pacific on News/Talk 580 AM & 105.9 FM KMJ | Website | Facebook | Instagram | X | Podcast | Amazon | - Everything KMJ KMJNOW App | Podcasts | Facebook | X | Instagram See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

During the civil lawsuit filed by Virginia Giuffre against Prince Andrew, the Duke's legal team was widely mocked for appearing to scrape the bottom of the barrel in search of credible character witnesses. Instead of producing anyone with real moral weight or first-hand knowledge to vouch for him, Andrew's defense relied on weak, contradictory claims — including his infamous “I don't sweat” explanation and statements attempting to discredit Giuffre's recollection of events. His lawyers even sought broad discovery into Giuffre's past finances, social life, and mental health, a tactic viewed by many as desperate and irrelevant. The strategy looked less like a robust defense and more like an attempt to sling mud in the absence of evidence or credible allies willing to stand beside him.Observers noted that the Duke's inability to produce legitimate witnesses spoke volumes about his crumbling credibility and isolation. Instead of respected public figures, his legal team leaned on peripheral associates and technical arguments that only underscored how far he had fallen from royal grace. Even the court pressed for testimony from Giuffre's husband and psychologist — a clear sign that Andrew's side had failed to offer anyone of substance. By the time the case was heading toward trial, the optics were catastrophic: a once-powerful prince reduced to scavenging for defenders while the walls of public opinion and legal scrutiny closed in around him.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.comBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-epstein-chronicles--5003294/support.

Observers say the trade truce between the U.S. and China could hold for now, easing tensions for global markets and U.S. soybean farmers — but challenges remain. While China's purchases have pushed soybeans to a 16-month high, Brazil still has a cost advantage, and U.S. farmers continue to face high input prices and labor shortages tied to immigration policies. Meanwhile, new innovations like virtual fencing are helping ranchers adapt to tough conditions on public lands.

Episode 222 In this episode of The Observers Notebook Podcast, host Tim Robertson sits down with Alberto Anunziato, an ALPO Lunar Observer from Argentina. Together, they explore the fascinating intersection between art and science in lunar observation — how detailed sketches made at the eyepiece can capture fleeting features of the Moon, aid in scientific study, and preserve the personal experience of observation. Is sketching an artistic pastime or a scientific tool? Alberto shares his insights, techniques, and passion for visual recording of lunar phenomena, reminding us that even in the digital age, a sketch can reveal what a camera may miss. You can contact Alberto at: albertoanunziato@yahoo.com.ar For more information you can visit the ALPO web site at: www.alpo-astronomy.org/ You can also support this podcast at Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/ObserversNotebook Listen to the podcast on Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/observersnotebook Subscribe on our YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/c/AssociationofLunarandPlanetaryObservers Subscribe on iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/observers-notebook-the-alpo-podcast/id1199301885?mt=2 I want to thank the Producers of this podcast, Steve Siedentop and Michael Moyer for their generous support of the Observers Notebook. Our Patreons: Jerry White Jason Inman Bob Lunsford Steve Seidentop Stephen Bennett Michael Moyer Shawn Dilles Damian Allis Carl Hergenrother Michael McShan Michael Blake Nick Evetts Stan Sienkiewicz Carl Hergenrother Stan Sienkiewicz John Rogers Jim McCarthy Stanley McMahan

Milky Way in a New Light: Astronomers have unveiled a stunning new radio image of the Milky Way, captured by the Murchison Wide Field Array in Australia. This unprecedented view reveals over 3,000 supernova remnants and stellar nurseries, enhancing our understanding of the life cycle of stars from birth to death.Farewell to Akatsuki: The Japanese space agency JAXA has officially declared its Akatsuki spacecraft dead after a decade of revolutionizing our understanding of Venus. Despite a rocky start, Akatsuki provided invaluable data on the planet's super rotation and atmospheric dynamics.Comet Watching Season: Comet C 2025 A6, also known as Comet Lemmon, is currently visible in the Northern Hemisphere. Observers are encouraged to look shortly after sunset for this long-period comet, which won't return for another 1,154 years!China's Lunar Ambitions: China has reaffirmed its goal to land astronauts on the Moon by 2030, with significant progress on the Long March 10 rocket and lunar lander. This announcement coincides with the upcoming Shenzhou 21 mission to the Tiangong Space Station, featuring the youngest Chinese astronaut to date.First Stars Born in Pairs: A new study suggests that the universe's first stars, known as Population 3 stars, were commonly born in binary systems. By studying stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud, researchers found that 70% of massive stars are in close pairs, offering insights into early galaxy evolution and black hole formation.For more cosmic updates, visit our website at astronomydaily.io. Join our community on social media by searching for #AstroDailyPod on Facebook, X, YouTubeMusic, TikTok, and our new Instagram account! Don't forget to subscribe to the podcast on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, iHeartRadio, or wherever you get your podcasts.Thank you for tuning in. This is Anna and Avery signing off. Until next time, keep looking up and exploring the wonders of our universe.✍️ Episode ReferencesMilky Way Radio Image[Murchison Wide Field Array](https://www.mwfa.edu.au/)Akatsuki Mission[JAXA](https://www.jaxa.jp/)Comet C 2025 A6[NASA](https://www.nasa.gov/)China's Lunar Plans[China National Space Administration](http://www.cnsa.gov.cn/)Population 3 Stars Study[Nature Astronomy](https://www.nature.com/natastronomy/)Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/astronomy-daily-space-news-updates--5648921/support.Sponsor Details:Ensure your online privacy by using NordVPN. To get our special listener deal and save a lot of money, visit www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. You'll be glad you did!Sponsor Details:Ensure your online privacy by using NordVPN. To get our special listener deal and save a lot of money, visit www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. You'll be glad you did!Become a supporter of Astronomy Daily by joining our Supporters Club. Commercial free episodes daily are only a click way... Click Here

President Xi Jinping has underlined the need to ensure the steady movement forward of China-US relations during his meeting with US President Donald Trump in Busan, the Republic of Korea, on Thursday. This is the first face-to-face meeting between them since Trump assumed office in January for his second term as US president. At the start of their talks, Xi noted that since Trump's reelection, they have spoken on the phone three times, exchanged several letters and stayed in close contact. "Under our joint guidance, China-US relations have remained stable on the whole," Xi said. Trump called Xi "very, very distinguished and respected" and said it is his honor "to be with a friend of mine really for a long time". "We have already agreed to a lot of things and we will agree to some more right now," he said. "I think we are going to have a fantastic relationship for a long period of time." Xi emphasized that China's development and revitalization go hand in hand with Trump's vision to "Make America Great Again". "Our two countries are fully able to help each other succeed and prosper together. China and the US should be partners and friends. That is what history has taught us and what reality needs," Xi said. Xi said he is ready to continue working with Trump to "build a solid foundation for China-US relations and create a sound atmosphere for the development of both countries". Xi noted that Trump is very enthusiastic about settling various regional hotspot issues, and China has also been promoting peace talks to resolve various conflicts. "The world today is confronted with many tough problems," Xi said. "China and the US can jointly shoulder our responsibility as major countries, and work together to accomplish more great and concrete things for the good of our two countries and the whole world." Last month, the two leaders held their third phone conversation this year, following the first call in January and a second in June. Observers said the top priority now is to further implement the consensus made by the two heads of state. Diao Da ming, a professor of US studies at Renmin University of China's School of International Relations, noted that China-US ties, despite some ups and downs this year, "have maintained a generally stable status thanks to the navigating role played by the head-of-state diplomacy". The ties have been affected by destabilizing factors such as economic and trade frictions brought by Washington's subscription to competition against China, he noted. "The head-of-state diplomacy between the two countries has helped manage and control negative factors," he added. At Thursday's talks, Xi noted that a few days ago, in the latest round of consultation in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, the economic and trade teams from the two countries "reached a basic consensus on addressing our respective major concerns", and "this provided the necessary conditions" for their meeting on Thursday. "Given our different national conditions, we do not always see eye to eye with each other. And it is normal for the two leading economies of the world to have frictions now and then," he said. "You and I are at the helm of China-US relations. In the face of winds, waves and challenges, we should stay on the right course, navigate through the complex landscape, and ensure the steady sailing forward of the giant ship of China-US relations," he told Trump.

Premiums for Affordable Care Act coverage will skyrocket, just days before open enrollment starts on November 1. The price hike is one of the largest jumps since Obamacare plans debuted more than a decade ago — and it doesn’t factor in the expiration of the enhanced premium subsidies. Please Like, Comment and Follow 'Broeske & Musson' on all platforms: --- The ‘Broeske & Musson Podcast’ is available on the KMJNOW app, Apple Podcasts, Spotify or wherever else you listen to podcasts. --- ‘Broeske & Musson' Weekdays 9-11 AM Pacific on News/Talk 580 AM & 105.9 FM KMJ | Facebook | Podcast| X | - Everything KMJ KMJNOW App | Podcasts | Facebook | X | Instagram See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

As the Trump administration's Department of Justice prepares to send election monitors to California for next week's election, California's attorney general on Monday said the state will have its own observers keeping an eye on them. Please Like, Comment and Follow 'Philip Teresi on KMJ' on all platforms: --- Philip Teresi on KMJ is available on the KMJNOW app, Apple Podcasts, Spotify, YouTube or wherever else you listen to podcasts. -- Philip Teresi on KMJ Weekdays 2-6 PM Pacific on News/Talk 580 AM & 105.9 FM KMJ | Website | Facebook | Instagram | X | Podcast | Amazon | - Everything KMJ KMJNOW App | Podcasts | Facebook | X | Instagram See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

As the Trump administration's Department of Justice prepares to send election monitors to California for next week's election, California's attorney general on Monday said the state will have its own observers keeping an eye on them. Please Like, Comment and Follow 'Philip Teresi on KMJ' on all platforms: --- Philip Teresi on KMJ is available on the KMJNOW app, Apple Podcasts, Spotify, YouTube or wherever else you listen to podcasts. -- Philip Teresi on KMJ Weekdays 2-6 PM Pacific on News/Talk 580 AM & 105.9 FM KMJ | Website | Facebook | Instagram | X | Podcast | Amazon | - Everything KMJ KMJNOW App | Podcasts | Facebook | X | Instagram See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

China and the United States have reached "preliminary consensus" on key issues, including tariff suspension, trade in agricultural products and export controls, after two days of "constructive" trade talks in Malaysia over the weekend.上周末，中美在马来西亚举行了为期两天的“建设性”贸易会谈。会谈后，双方就关税暂停、农产品贸易、出口管制等关键议题达成“初步共识”。A statement released on Sunday following the conclusion of the fifth round of trade talks since May said that officials representing China and the US held "frank, in-depth and constructive" exchanges on key trade issues of mutual concern.自5月以来的第五轮贸易会谈于周日结束，会后发布的声明称，中美双方代表就共同关注的关键贸易议题进行了“坦诚、深入且富有建设性”的交流。China and the US gain from cooperation and lose from confrontation, Chinese Vice-Premier He Lifeng said after meeting with US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent and US Trade Representative Jamieson Greer in Kuala Lumpur on Saturday and Sunday.中国国务院副总理何立峰于周六和周日在吉隆坡同美国财政部长斯科特・贝森特、美国贸易代表贾米森・格里尔会面后表示，中美合作则两利，对抗则两伤。He noted that when economic and trade frictions appear, both countries should uphold the principles of mutual respect, peaceful coexistence and win-win cooperation to properly address each other's concerns through equal-footed dialogue and consultation.何立峰指出，当经贸摩擦出现时，两国应秉持相互尊重、和平共处、合作共赢的原则，通过平等对话协商妥善解决彼此关切。The US should work with China toward the same direction, to further build up trust, manage differences, expand mutually beneficial cooperation, and promote bilateral economic and trade relations to a higher level, the vice-premier added.副总理补充道，美方应与中方相向而行，进一步增进互信、管控分歧、扩大互利合作，推动双边经贸关系迈向更高水平。The talks addressed various issues, including the US' Section 301 measures targeting China's maritime, logistics and shipbuilding sectors, extension of the reciprocal tariff suspension, fentanyl-related tariffs and law enforcement cooperation, trade in agricultural products, and export controls, the statement said.声明称，会谈涉及多个议题，包括美方针对中国海事、物流和造船行业的“301条款”措施、相互关税暂停期限延长、芬太尼相关关税及执法合作、农产品贸易以及出口管制等。A preliminary consensus was reached about arrangements to address each other's concerns, with both sides agreeing to further work out the specifics and follow their respective domestic approval processes.双方就解决彼此关切的安排达成初步共识，并同意进一步细化具体内容，同时履行各自国内审批程序。Li Chenggang, China's international trade representative at the Ministry of Commerce, told a news conference on Sunday that while the US presented its position firmly, China remained resolute in safeguarding its interests.中国商务部国际贸易谈判代表李成钢周日在新闻发布会上表示，尽管美方坚定地表达了自身立场，但中方在维护自身利益方面同样立场坚定。Li said that China has strictly followed the consensus reached in multiple phone conversations between the two heads of state, earnestly implementing the outcomes of economic and trade consultations, and carefully safeguarding the "hard-won relative stability" in bilateral relations. "The recent fluctuations and disruptions are not what China wishes to see," he added.李成钢指出，中方严格遵循两国元首多次通话达成的共识，认真落实经贸磋商成果，悉心维护双边关系“来之不易的相对稳定局面”。他补充道：“近期出现的波动和干扰并非中方所愿。”The latest round of trade talks took place at a tense time when Washington's imposition of new restrictions prompted resolute countermeasures from Beijing, shattering months of relative calm.最新一轮贸易会谈召开之际，局势本就紧张——美方实施新的限制措施，引发中方采取坚决反制措施，打破了数月来的相对平静。The two countries had reached a trade truce in May, agreeing to roll back triple-digit tariffs, which was later extended to Nov 10.两国曾在5月达成贸易休战协议，同意取消三位数关税，该协议后来延长至11月10日。However, at the end of September — mere weeks after the fourth round of trade negotiations in Spain yielded progress in stabilizing ties — the US expanded its export controls on advanced technology to China. This was followed by imposition of additional port fees on Chinese-built and Chinese-operated ships earlier this month.然而，9月底——距双方在西班牙举行第四轮贸易谈判、在稳定双边关系方面取得进展仅几周后，美方扩大了对中国先进技术的出口管制。本月早些时候，美方又对中国建造和运营的船舶额外征收港口费。The administration of US President Donald Trump, in retaliation for Beijing's tightened restrictions on rare earth exports for military applications, also vowed to impose 100 percent additional tariffs on Chinese goods and export controls on "any and all critical software" effective next month.针对中方收紧军用稀土出口管制的举措，美国总统唐纳德・特朗普政府还誓言将于下月对中国商品额外征收100%的关税，并对“所有关键软件”实施出口管制，以此作为报复。Gao Lingyun, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences' Institute of World Economics and Politics, said that consensus cannot last if the US continues to weaken the trust it is built upon with its unilateral and protectionist actions.中国社会科学院世界经济与政治研究所研究员高凌云表示，若美方继续通过单边主义和保护主义行径削弱共识所依赖的互信基础，那么共识将难以维系。It's crucial for the US to work with China to take concrete actions and faithfully honor their commitments made during these talks, thereby creating conditions for further dialogue and cooperation that will benefit the two countries and the world at large, Gao added.高凌云补充道，美方与中方共同采取切实行动、切实履行会谈期间作出的承诺至关重要，唯有如此，才能为进一步对话与合作创造条件，这不仅有利于中美两国，也将惠及全世界。Observers are also closely watching to see whether the two economic heavyweights extend their "tariff truce", which is set to expire on Nov 10, while hoping to see broader cooperation between the two countries.观察人士也在密切关注这两个经济大国是否会延长将于11月10日到期的“关税休战”，同时期待两国开展更广泛的合作。Sean Stein, president of the US-China Business Council, told China Daily that he hoped that both sides would agree to further extend the tariff truce. Stein cautioned that it was better not to have high expectations from the China-US dialogue in the short term. "It should set us up for a better, longer-term trade relationship," he added.美中贸易全国委员会主席肖恩・斯坦因在接受《中国日报》采访时表示，他希望双方能同意进一步延长关税休战。斯坦因提醒称，不应对短期的中美对话抱有过高期望。他补充道：“此次对话应为建立更良好、更长期的贸易关系奠定基础。”"The US and China are the world's two largest economies, the world's two most technologically advanced economies, and the world's two most dynamic economies," he said, adding that "there are a lot of things that we need to get right on the economic front".他表示：“美国和中国是全球前两大经济体，也是全球技术最先进、最具活力的两个经济体。”他还补充说，“在经济领域，我们有许多事情需要处理妥当。Former US treasury secretary Robert E. Rubin said that the better way would be to have "an open trading system" between the US and China, as well as involving the rest of the world. "Chinese people have a very strong history of technological innovation, and in time they'll get where they need to be," Rubin said on the sidelines of the 2025 Bund Summit in Shanghai earlier this week.”美国前财政部长罗伯特・鲁宾表示，更好的方式是中美之间建立“开放的贸易体系”，同时让世界其他国家也参与其中。本周早些时候，鲁宾在上海举行的2025年外滩金融峰会上表示：“中国人民在技术创新方面有着深厚的历史积淀，假以时日，他们一定能实现自己的目标。Rubin said that if the two countries can work together on artificial intelligence in an open trading system, the results would be "advantageous".”鲁宾指出，若两国能在开放的贸易体系下就人工智能领域开展合作，所产生的成果将“颇具益处”。Despite the recent escalation in tensions between the two countries, many US businesses remain optimistic about their future in the Chinese market. "The Chinese market remains our No 1 priority in the Asia-Pacific region," said Steven Sare, managing director for the Asia-Pacific of US apparel and accessories retailer Abercrombie & Fitch.尽管近期两国紧张局势升级，但许多美国企业对其在中国市场的未来仍持乐观态度。美国服装配饰零售商阿贝克隆比&费奇亚太区董事总裁史蒂文・萨尔（音译）表示：“中国市场仍是我们在亚太地区的首要关注点。”preliminary /prɪˈlɪmɪnəri/adj.初步的；预备的reciprocal /rɪˈsɪprəkl/adj.相互的；互惠的；对等的unilateral /ˌjuːnɪˈlætrəl/adj.单方面的；单边的；片面的

Staffing in Virginia's two U. S. Attorney offices has seen noticeable changes since the beginning of President Donald Trump's second term in office.  Some of that's to be expected when a new administration begins, though some legal observers say what's happening is very different. Dave Cantor has more.

Episode 221 In this episode of the Observers Notebook podcast, host Tim Robertson talks to Bob Lunsford about the upcoming Orionids, Taurids, and Leonid's Meteor Showers. You can contact Bob at: lunro.imo.usa@cox.net American Meteor Society https://www.amsmeteors.org/meteor-showers/meteor-shower-calendar/ For more information you can visit the ALPO web site at: www.alpo-astronomy.org/ You can also support this podcast at Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/ObserversNotebook Listen to the podcast on Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/observersnotebook Subscribe on our YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/c/AssociationofLunarandPlanetaryObservers Subscribe on iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/observers-notebook-the-alpo-podcast/id1199301885?mt=2 I want to thank the Producers of this podcast, Steve Siedentop and Michael Moyer for their generous support of the Observers Notebook. Our Patreons: Jerry White Jason Inman Bob Lunsford Steve Seidentop Stephen Bennett Michael Moyer Shawn Dilles Damian Allis Carl Hergenrother Michael McShan Michael Blake Nick Evetts Stan Sienkiewicz Carl Hergenrother Stan Sienkiewicz John Rogers Jim McCarthy Stanley McMahan

The decision to delay Bill and Hillary Clinton's depositions in the congressional probe into Jeffrey Epstein has reignited public skepticism over whether powerful political figures will ever face genuine accountability. Bill Clinton's long-documented ties to Epstein — including flights on the financier's private jet and appearances in visitor logs — have made him a central figure of interest in the investigation. Yet, despite repeated assurances of transparency, the Clintons remain insulated behind legal maneuvering and procedural delays. Critics argue that such postponements underscore how the justice system bends for the well-connected, turning what should be a fact-finding process into a slow-motion exercise in political optics.The congressional inquiry, billed as a serious attempt to unravel Epstein's political network, is increasingly viewed as a performance rather than a pursuit of truth. While survivors and the public wait for substantive action, the Clintons' ability to delay testimony reinforces a familiar pattern — one where power shields itself from consequence. Observers say that unless Congress moves past symbolic gestures and compels full cooperation from all involved, the Epstein probe risks joining a long list of high-profile investigations that end not in justice, but in frustration and doubt.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.comsource:Bill and Hillary Clinton delay depositions in House Oversight panel's Jeffrey Epstein probe

The decision to delay Bill and Hillary Clinton's depositions in the congressional probe into Jeffrey Epstein has reignited public skepticism over whether powerful political figures will ever face genuine accountability. Bill Clinton's long-documented ties to Epstein — including flights on the financier's private jet and appearances in visitor logs — have made him a central figure of interest in the investigation. Yet, despite repeated assurances of transparency, the Clintons remain insulated behind legal maneuvering and procedural delays. Critics argue that such postponements underscore how the justice system bends for the well-connected, turning what should be a fact-finding process into a slow-motion exercise in political optics.The congressional inquiry, billed as a serious attempt to unravel Epstein's political network, is increasingly viewed as a performance rather than a pursuit of truth. While survivors and the public wait for substantive action, the Clintons' ability to delay testimony reinforces a familiar pattern — one where power shields itself from consequence. Observers say that unless Congress moves past symbolic gestures and compels full cooperation from all involved, the Epstein probe risks joining a long list of high-profile investigations that end not in justice, but in frustration and doubt.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.comsource:Bill and Hillary Clinton delay depositions in House Oversight panel's Jeffrey Epstein probeBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-epstein-chronicles--5003294/support.

In comparing the Vanderbilt rape case to Ghislaine Maxwell's federal sex-trafficking trial, many legal analysts pointed out striking similarities regarding juror nondisclosure and its potential effect on verdicts. In the Vanderbilt case, involving former football players Brandon Vandenburg and Cory Batey, one juror's failure to reveal he had been sexually assaulted led to the conviction being overturned and a full retrial. Observers drew a direct line to Maxwell's case when a juror revealed post-trial that he, too, had been a victim of sexual abuse—information not disclosed during jury selection. Defense attorneys seized on the precedent, arguing that such a revelation could create bias and should trigger a new trial. Commentators cited the Vanderbilt retrial as an example of how juror honesty is foundational to due process, especially in emotionally charged sex-crime cases.Yet the two cases diverge sharply in scope and procedure. The Vanderbilt matter was tried under Tennessee state law, while Maxwell's case was a federal prosecution involving international sex-trafficking allegations and an entirely different standard for overturning verdicts. U.S. District Judge Alison Nathan rejected Maxwell's motion for a new trial, ruling that although the juror's omission was “regrettable,” it did not undermine the fairness of deliberations or the integrity of the verdict. The comparison nevertheless underscores a shared legal tension: how courts navigate juror bias in cases steeped in trauma and public scrutiny. While the Vanderbilt case serves as a cautionary tale, Maxwell's conviction held firm, showing how federal judges weigh such challenges through a stricter lens.Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-epstein-chronicles--5003294/support.

Ceasefire in GazaPresident Donald Trump announced a ceasefire between Israel and Hamas, marking the beginning of a multi-phase peace process. The first phase slated to begin Monday includes the release of 20 hostages, a halt to active fighting, and Israeli withdrawal from parts of Gaza. Hamas is expected to return the remains of deceased hostages as part of the deal.The agreement, brokered with the help of Qatar, Egypt, and Turkey, represents a shift in regional diplomacy. Qatar's role is especially significant, given its previous support for Hamas. Observers suggest that recent Israeli strikes in Doha (looking more and more like an approved strike by Qatar) indicate a broader effort to isolate Hamas.Key details of the peace plan, which aligns with a Trump proposal presented at the UN, include:1. Gaza will be a deradicalized terror-free zone that does not pose a threat to its neighbors.2. Gaza will be redeveloped for the benefit of the people of Gaza, who have suffered more than enough.3. If both sides agree to this proposal, the war will immediately end. Israeli forces will withdraw to the agreed upon line to prepare for a hostage release. During this time, all military operations, including aerial and artillery bombardment, will be suspended, and battle lines will remain frozen until conditions are met for the complete staged withdrawal.4. Within 72 hours of Israel publicly accepting this agreement, all hostages, alive and deceased, will be returned.5. Once all hostages are released, Israel will release 250 life sentence prisoners plus 1,700 Gazans who were detained after 7 October 2023, including all women and children detained in that context. For every Israeli hostage whose remains are released, Israel will release the remains of 15 deceased Gazans.6. Once all hostages are returned, Hamas members who commit to peaceful co-existence and to decommission their weapons will be given amnesty. Members of Hamas who wish to leave Gaza will be provided safe passage to receiving countries.7. Upon acceptance of this agreement, full aid will be immediately sent into the Gaza Strip. At a minimum, aid quantities will be consistent with what was included in the 19 January 2025 agreement regarding humanitarian aid, including rehabilitation of infrastructure (water, electricity, sewage), rehabilitation of hospitals and bakeries, and entry of necessary equipment to remove rubble and open roads.8. Entry of distribution and aid in the Gaza Strip will proceed without interference from the two parties through the United Nations and its agencies, and the Red Crescent, in addition to other international institutions not associated in any manner with either party. Opening the Rafah crossing in both directions will be subject to the same mechanism implemented under 19 January 2025 agreement.9. Gaza will be governed under the temporary transitional governance of a technocratic, apolitical Palestinian committee, responsible for delivering the day-to-day running of public services and municipalities for the people in Gaza. This committee will be made up of qualified Palestinians and international experts, with oversight and supervision by a new international transitional body, the “Board of Peace,” which will be headed and chaired by President Donald J. Trump, with other members and heads of state to be announced, including Former Prime Minister Tony Blair. This body will set the framework and handle the funding for the redevelopment of Gaza until such time as the Palestinian Authority has completed its reform programme, as outlined in various proposals, including President Trump's peace plan in 2020 and the Saudi-French proposal, and can securely and effectively take back control of Gaza. This body will call on best international standards to create modern and efficient governance that serves the people of Gaza and is conducive to attracting investment.10. A Trump economic development plan to rebuild and energize Gaza will be created by convening a panel of experts who have helped birth some of the thriving modern miracle cities in the Middle East. Many thoughtful investment proposals and exciting development ideas have been crafted by well-meaning international groups, and will be considered to synthesize the security and governance frameworks to attract and facilitate these investments that will create jobs, opportunity, and hope for future Gaza.11. A special economic zone will be established with preferred tariff and access rates to be negotiated with participating countries.12. No one will be forced to leave Gaza, and those who wish to leave will be free to do so and free to return. We will encourage people to stay and offer them the opportunity to build a better Gaza.13. Hamas and other factions agree to not have any role in the governance of Gaza, directly, indirectly, or in any form. All military, terror, and offensive infrastructure, including tunnels and weapon production facilities, will be destroyed and not rebuilt. There will be a process of demilitarisation of Gaza under the supervision of independent monitors, which will include placing weapons permanently beyond use through an agreed process of decommissioning, and supported by an internationally funded buy back and reintegration programme all verified by the independent monitors. New Gaza will be fully committed to building a prosperous economy and to peaceful coexistence with their neighbours.14. A guarantee will be provided by regional partners to ensure that Hamas, and the factions, comply with their obligations and that New Gaza poses no threat to its neighbors or its people.15. The United States will work with Arab and international partners to develop a temporary International Stabilization Force (ISF) to immediately deploy in Gaza. The ISF will train and provide support to vetted Palestinian police forces in Gaza, and will consult with Jordan and Egypt who have extensive experience in this field. This force will be the long-term internal security solution. The ISF will work with Israel and Egypt to help secure border areas, along with newly trained Palestinian police forces. It is critical to prevent munitions from entering Gaza and to facilitate the rapid and secure flow of goods to rebuild and revitalize Gaza. A deconfliction mechanism will be agreed upon by the parties.16. Israel will not occupy or annex Gaza. As the ISF establishes control and stability, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) will withdraw based on standards, milestones, and timeframes linked to demilitarization that will be agreed upon between the IDF, ISF, the guarantors, and the United States, with the objective of a secure Gaza that no longer poses a threat to Israel, Egypt, or its citizens. Practically, the IDF will progressively hand over the Gaza territory it occupies to the ISF according to an agreement they will make with the transitional authority until they are withdrawn completely from Gaza, save for a security perimeter presence that will remain until Gaza is properly secure from any resurgent terror threat.17. In the event Hamas delays or rejects this proposal, the above, including the scaled-up aid operation, will proceed in the terror-free areas handed over from the IDF to the ISF.18. An interfaith dialogue process will be established based on the values of tolerance and peaceful co-existence to try and change mindsets and narratives of Palestinians and Israelis by emphasizing the benefits that can be derived from peace.19. While Gaza re-development advances and when the PA reform program is faithfully carried out, the conditions may finally be in place for a credible pathway to Palestinian self-determination and statehood, which we recognize as the aspiration of the Palestinian people.20. The United States will establish a dialogue between Israel and the Palestinians to agree on a political horizon for peaceful and prosperous co-existence.—The long-term viability of the deal remains uncertain, but initial signs suggest a realignment of regional priorities. This deal has Trump's fingerprints all over it. As I am typing this I am speaking with friend of the program Wil Harris who is telling me that the UK press is presenting this as Biden's plan Trump is taking credit for. That's a bit rich, in my opinion. To paraphrase The Social Network:If Biden was the inventor of the Gaza Peace Plan, he would have implemented the Gaza Peace Plan. Katie Porter's Viral Meltdown Raises Political StakesCalifornia gubernatorial candidate Katie Porter is under fire following a viral interview where she appeared combative with a reporter. The incident was compounded by resurfaced footage of Porter harshly reprimanding a staffer during the COVID-19 lockdown.Porter's opponents, including Antonio Villaraigosa and Betty Yee, have seized on the moment to question her temperament and fitness for office. Strategists warn that although her base remains strong, such optics could threaten her standing as the Democratic frontrunner in a crowded 2026 race.Despite the controversy, many believe Porter's progressive bona fides will carry her through. The Democratic primary electorate, historically more tolerant of combative behavior if aligned with ideological purity, may ultimately overlook the episode.James Comey Arraigned in Politically Charged CaseFormer FBI Director James Comey pleaded not guilty this week to charges of lying to Congress and obstruction, charges filed by the Department of Justice under Trump's newly appointed U.S. Attorney, Lindsey Halligan. Comey's legal team is expected to challenge the basis of the prosecution, citing political retaliation.Legal experts widely anticipate the case may be dismissed before trial, but the optics alone are significant. The indictment illustrates the fraught landscape of prosecutorial partisanship in the post-Trump era, where legal actions against political adversaries risk becoming a norm rather than an exception.Chapters and Time Codes* Introduction & Return to Austin — 00:00:41* Gaza Ceasefire Overview — 00:05:10* Trump's Role and Regional Dynamics — 00:08:18* Implications for Hamas and Israel — 00:14:11* Katie Porter Controversy — 00:20:31* Political Impact of Porter's Behavior — 00:24:06* James Comey Indictment — 00:29:11* Wrap-up & Preview of Ken Vogel Interview — 00:32:23 This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.politicspoliticspolitics.com/subscribe

Last time we spoke about the battle of Nanjing. In December 1937, as the battle for Nanjing unfolded, terror inundated its residents, seeking safety amid the turmoil. General Tang Shengzhi rallied the Chinese forces, determined to defend against the advancing Japanese army. Fierce fighting erupted at the Gate of Enlightenment, where the determined Chinese soldiers resisted merciless assaults while tragedy loomed. By mid-December, the Japanese made substantial advances, employing relentless artillery fire to breach Nanjing's defenses. Leaders called for strategic retreats, yet amid chaos and despair, many young Chinese soldiers, driven by nationalism, continued to resist. By December 13, Nanjing succumbed to the invaders, marking a tragic chapter in history. As destruction enveloped the city, the resilience of its defenders became a poignant tale of courage amidst the horrors of war, forever marking Nanjing as a symbol of enduring hope in the face of despair.   #168 The Nanjing Massacre Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. So obvious disclaimer, today we will be talking about, arguably one of if not the most horrific war atrocities ever committed. To be blunt, it may have been worse than some of the things we talked about back during the fall of the Ming Dynasty, when bandit armies raped and pillaged cities. The Nanjing Massacre as its become known is well documented by both Chinese and foreign sources. There is an abundance of primary sources, many well verified. Its going to be extremely graphic, I am going to try and tell it to the fullest. So if you got a weak stomach perhaps sit this one out, you have been warned. Chen Yiding began evacuating his troops from the area surrounding the Gate of Enlightenment before dawn on December 13. En route to Xiaguan, he took the time to visit a dozen of his soldiers housed in a makeshift hospital located in an old cemetery. These men were too severely injured to participate in the evacuation, and Chen had to leave them with only a few words of encouragement. Little did he know, within days, they would all perish in their beds, victims of the Japanese forces. Upon arriving in Xiaguan later that morning, Chen was met with grim news: his divisional commander had crossed the Yangtze River with his chief of staff the previous afternoon. Now, he was on his own. He didn't linger near the riverside chaos, quickly realizing there was nothing he could do there. Instead, he chose to move downstream, hoping to find a secure spot for himself and his soldiers to wait out the next few days before devising an escape from the war zone.  He was fortunate, for soon the Japanese would live up to their notorious reputation developed during their advance from Shanghai; they were not inclined to take prisoners. That afternoon, several hundred Chinese soldiers arrived at the northern end of the Safety Zone. The committee responsible for the area stated that they could offer no assistance. In a misguided attempt to boost morale, they suggested that if the soldiers surrendered and promised not to engage in combat, the Japanese would likely show them "merciful treatment." This optimism was woefully misplaced. Later that same day, Japanese troops entered the zone, dragging out 200 Chinese men, the majority of them soldiers, for execution just outside the city. On December 13, Japanese soldiers started patrolling the riverbank, shooting at anything and anyone floating downstream. Their comrades aboard naval vessels in the river cheered them on, applauding each time they struck another helpless victim in the water. Civilians were not spared either. While traveling through downtown Nanjing as the battle concluded, Rabe observed dead men and women every 100 to 200 yards, most of them shot in the back. A long line of Chinese men marched down the street, numbering in the hundreds, all destined for death. In a cruel twist, they were compelled to carry a large Japanese flag. They were herded into a vacant lot by a couple of Japanese soldiers and as recalled by American correspondent Archibald Steele "There, they were brutally shot dead in small groups. One Japanese soldier stood over the growing pile of corpses, firing into any bodies that showed movement." The killings commenced almost immediately after the fall of Nanjing. The victorious Japanese spread out into the city streets, seeking victims. Those unfortunate enough to be captured faced instant execution or were taken to larger killing fields to meet a grim fate alongside other Chinese prisoners. Initially, the Japanese targeted former soldiers, whether real or imagined, but within hours, the scope of victims expanded to include individuals of all age groups and genders. By the end of the first day of occupation, civilian bodies littered the streets of downtown Nanjing at a rate of roughly one per block. The defenseless and innocent were subjected to murder, torture, and humiliation in a relentless spree of violence that persisted for six harrowing weeks. At the time of the attack, Nanjing felt eerily abandoned, houses stood boarded up, vehicles lay toppled in the streets, and the once-ubiquitous rickshaws had vanished. However, hundreds of thousands remained hidden indoors, seeking refuge. The most visible sign of the city's new rulers was the display of the Japanese flag. On the morning of December 14, the Rising Sun flag was hoisted across the city, seen in front of private homes, businesses, and public buildings. Many of these flags were hastily made, often a simple white sheet with a red rag affixed, hoping to be spared. As the days progressed, horrifying accounts of violence began to emerge. A barber, the sole survivor among eight people in his shop when the Japanese arrived, was admitted to a hospital with a stab wound that had nearly severed his head from his body, damaging all muscles at the back of his neck down to his spinal canal. A woman suffered a brutal throat wound, while another pregnant woman was bayoneted in the abdomen, resulting in the death of her unborn child. A man witnessed his wife being stabbed through the heart and then saw his child hurled from a window to the street several floors below. These are but a few stories of individual atrocities committed. Alongside this there were mass executions, predominantly targeting young able-bodied men, in an effort to weaken Nanjing and deprive it of any potential resistance in the future. American professor, Lewis Smythe recalled “The disarmed soldier problem was our most serious one for the first three days, but it was soon resolved, as the Japanese shot all of them.” On the evening of December 15, the Japanese rounded up 1,300 former soldiers from the Safety Zone, binding them in groups of about 100 and marching them away in silence. A group of foreigners, permitted to leave Nanjing on a Japanese gunboat, accidentally became witnesses to the ensuing slaughter. While waiting for their vessel, they took a brief walk along the riverbank and stumbled upon a scene of mass execution, observing the Japanese shooting the men one by one in the back of the neck. “We observed about 100 such executions until the Japanese officer in charge noticed us and ordered us to leave immediately”. Not all killings were premeditated; many occurred impulsively. A common example was when Japanese soldiers led lines of Chinese POWs to holding points, tightly bound together with ropes. Every few yards, a Japanese soldier would stand guard with a fixed bayonet aimed at the prisoners as they trudged forward. Suddenly, one of the prisoners slipped, causing a domino effect as he fell, dragging down the men in front of and behind him. The entire group soon found themselves collapsed on the ground, struggling to stand. The Japanese guards lost their patience, jabbing their bayonets into the writhing bodies until none remained alive. In one of the largest massacres, Japanese troops from the Yamada Detachment, including the 65th Infantry Regiment, systematically executed between 17,000 and 20,000 Chinese prisoners from December 15 to 17. These prisoners were taken to the banks of the Yangtze River near Mufushan, where they were machine-gunned to death. The bodies were then disposed of by either burning or flushing them downstream. Recent research by Ono Kenji has revealed that these mass killings were premeditated and carried out systematically, in accordance with orders issued directly by Prince Asaka. A soldier from the IJA's 13th Division described killing wounded survivors of the Mufushan massacre in his diary “I figured that I'd never get another chance like this, so I stabbed thirty of the damned Chinks. Climbing atop the mountain of corpses, I felt like a real devil-slayer, stabbing again and again, with all my might. 'Ugh, ugh,' the Chinks groaned. There were old folks as well as kids, but we killed them lock, stock, and barrel. I also borrowed a buddy's sword and tried to decapitate some. I've never experienced anything so unusual”. Frequently, the Japanese just left their victims wherever they fell. Corpses began to accumulate in the streets, exposed to the elements and onlookers. Cars constantly were forced to run over corpses. Corpses were scavenged by stray dogs, which, in turn, were consumed by starving people. The water became toxic; workers in the Safety Zone discovered ponds clogged with human remains. In other instances, the Japanese gathered their machine-gunned or bayoneted victims into large heaps, doused them in kerosene, and set them ablaze. Archibald Steele wrote for the Chicago Daily News on December 17th “I saw a grisly scene at the north gate, where what was once a group of 200 men had become a smoldering mass of flesh and bones, so severely burned around the neck and head that it was difficult to believe he was still human.” During the chaos in the beginning, whereupon the Japanese had not yet fully conquered the city, its defenders scrambled desperately to escape before it was too late. Individually or in small groups, they sought vulnerabilities in the enemy lines, acutely aware that their survival hinged on their success. Months of conflict had trained them to expect no mercy if captured; previous experiences had instilled in them the belief that a swift death at the hands of the Japanese would be a fortunate outcome. On December 12, amid intense artillery fire and aerial bombardment, General Tang Sheng-chi issued the order for his troops to retreat. However, conflicting directives and a breakdown in discipline transformed the ensuing events into a disaster. While some Chinese units successfully crossed the river, a far greater number were ensnared in the widespread chaos that engulfed the city. In their desperation to evade capture, some Chinese soldiers resorted to stripping civilians of their clothing to disguise themselves, while many others were shot by their own supervisory units as they attempted to flee.Hundreds, perhaps thousands, of individual escape stories emerged from this period. In some rare instances, entire units, even up to divisional strength, successfully infiltrated Japanese lines to reach safety. For others, such as the 156th Division, there were detailed plans outlining escape routes from Nanjing. Several soldiers and officers adhered to this three-day trek, skillfully evading Japanese patrols until they reached Ningguo, located south of the capital. Nonetheless, these cases were exceptions. The vast majority of soldiers from China's defeated army faced significant risk and were more likely to be captured than to escape. Some of Chiang Kai-shek's most elite units suffered near total annihilation. Only about a thousand soldiers from the 88th Division managed to cross the Yangtze safely, as did another thousand from the Training Division, while a mere 300 from the 87th Division survived. Even for units like the 156th Division, the escape plans were only effective for those who learned of them. These plans were hurriedly disseminated through the ranks as defeat loomed, leaving mere chance to determine who received the information. Many stayed trapped in Nanjing, which had become a fatal snare. One day, Japanese soldiers visited schools within Nanjing's Safety Zone, aware that these locations sheltered many refugees. They called for all former soldiers to step forward, promising safety in exchange for labor. Many believed that the long days of hiding were finally coming to an end and complied with the request. However, they were led to an abandoned house, where they were stripped naked and bound together in groups of five. Outside, a large bonfire had been ignited. They were then bayoneted and, while still alive, thrown onto the flames. Only a few managed to escape and share the horrifying tale. The Japanese were of course well aware that numerous soldiers were hiding in Nanjing, disguised as locals, evidenced by the piles of military uniforms and equipment accumulating in the streets. Consequently, they initiated a systematic search for soldiers within hours of taking control. The Safety Zone was not spared, as the Japanese Army suspected that Chinese soldiers had sought refuge there. On December 16, they raided Ginling College, despite a policy prohibiting the admission of men, except for elderly residents in a designated dining room. The soldiers brought axes to force open doors that were not immediately complied with and positioned six machine guns on the campus, prepared to fire at anyone attempting to escape. Ultimately, they found nothing. In cases where they did encounter young men of military age, the soldiers lined them up, scrutinizing for distinct telltale features such as close-cropped hair, helmet marks, or shoulder blisters from carrying a rifle. Many men, who had never served in the military but bore callouses from hard manual labor, were captured based on the assumption that such marks indicated military experience. As noted by Goerge Fitch the head of Nanjing's YMCA “Rickshaw coolies, carpenters, and other laborers are frequently taken”. The Japanese employed additional, more cunning tactics to root out soldiers. During an inspection of a camp within the Safety Zone, they struggled to get the approximately 6,000 men and women to surrender. Before leaving, they resorted to one last trick. “Attention!” a voice commanded in flawless Chinese. Many young men, conditioned by months or years of military training, instinctively responded. Even though most realized their mistake almost immediately, it was too late; the Japanese herded them away. Given the scale of the slaughter, efforts were soon organized to facilitate the killing and disposal of as many individuals as possible in the shortest time. Rows of prisoners were mowed down by machine-gun fire, while those injured were finished off with single bullets or bayonets. Much of the mass murder occurred near the Yangtze River, where victims could be disposed of easily by being pushed into the water, hoping the current would carry them away.As the weeks progressed and the Japanese grew increasingly concerned about the possibility of former soldiers still at large, the dragnet tightened. Beginning in late December, Japanese authorities implemented a registration system for all residents of Nanjing. At Ginling College, this process lasted about a week and resulted in scenes of almost indescribable chaos, as the Japanese also decided to register residents from the surrounding areas on campus. First, the men were registered, followed by the women. Often, women attended the registration to help save their husbands and sons, who would otherwise have been taken as suspected former soldiers. Despite these efforts, a total of 28 men were ultimately seized during the registration process at Ginling College. Each individual who registered received a document from the authorities. However, it soon became clear that this paper provided little protection against the caprices of the Japanese military. That winter in Nanjing, everyone was a potential victim. While systematic mass killings primarily targeted young men of military age, every category of people faced death in the days and weeks following the Japanese conquest of Nanjing. Reports indicated that fifty police officers from the Safety Zone were executed for permitting Chinese soldiers to enter the area. The city's firefighters were taken away to meet an uncertain fate, and six street sweepers were killed inside their dwelling. Like an uncontrollable epidemic, the victors' bloodlust seemed to escalate continuously, seeking out new victims. When the Japanese ordered the Safety Zone committee to supply workers for the electricity plant in Xiaguan to restore its operations, they provided 54 individuals. Within days, 43 of them were dead. Although young men were especially targeted, the Japanese made no distinctions based on age or sex. American missionary John G. Magee documented numerous instances of indiscriminate killings, including the chilling account of two families nearly exterminated. Stabbings, shootings, and rapes marked the slaughter of three generations of innocents, including toddlers aged four and two; the older child was bayoneted, while the younger was struck in the head with a sword. The only survivors were a badly injured eight-year-old girl and her four-year-old sister, who spent the following fortnight beside their mother's decaying body. The violence was often accompanied by various forms of humiliation, as if to utterly break the spirit of the conquered people. One woman lost her parents and three children. When she purchased a coffin for her father, a Japanese soldier tore the lid off and discarded the old man's body in the street. Another soldier, in a drunken stupor, raped a Chinese woman and then vomited on her. In yet another incident, a soldier encountered a family of six huddled over a pot of thin rice soup; he stepped over them and urinated into their pot before continuing on his way, laughing heartlessly. The atrocities committed at Nanjing were not akin to something like the Holocaust. Within places like Auschwitz killings became industrialized and often took on an impersonal, unemotional character. The murders in Nanjing had an almost intimate quality, with each individual perpetrator bearing the blood of their victims on their hands, sometimes literally. In this sense, the Nanjing atrocities resemble the early Holocaust killings executed by German Einsatzgruppen in Eastern Europe, prior to the implementation of gas chambers. How many died during the Nanjing Massacre? Eyewitnesses at the time recognized that the Japanese behavior had few immediate precedents. Missionary John Magee compared the situation to the Turkish genocide of the Armenians during World War I, which was still fresh in memory. Despite this, no consensus emerged regarding the exact number of fatalities, a state of affairs that would persist for nearly eight decades. In his first comprehensive account of the atrocities following the conquest of the capital, New York Times correspondent Tillman Durdin reported that 33,000 Chinese soldiers lost their lives in Nanjing, including 20,000 who were executed. Foreign correspondent Frank Oliver claimed in a 1939 publication that 24,000 men, women, and children were put to death during the first month of the city's occupation. As time progressed, much larger figures began to circulate. After returning to Germany in 1938, John Rabe held a lecture where he cited European estimates that between 50,000 and 60,000 people had died. In February 1942, Chiang Kai-shek stated that 200,000 were slaughtered within one week. The Nanjing tribunal established by Chiang's government to try Japanese war criminals in 1946 and 1947 reported that more than 300,000 lives had been lost following the city's fall. The highest estimate recorded comes from a Chinese military expert, who put the death toll at 430,000. Currently, the figure most commonly accepted in official Chinese media is 300,000, a number also cited by various authors sympathetic to China's contemporary regime. The debate over the Nanjing death toll has been a complex and extensive discussion, likely to remain unresolved to everyone's satisfaction. As missionary and Nanjing University teacher Miner Searle Bates remarked when he testified before the International Military Tribunal for the Far East in July 1946, “The scope of this killing was so extensive that no one can provide a complete picture of it.” On December 16, American missionary Minnie Vautrin witnessed a truck passing by Ginling College, loaded with eight to ten girls. When they saw the Western woman, they cried out, "Jiu ming! Jiu ming!" which means “Help! Help!” Vautrin felt powerless, fully aware of the fate that awaited them. As early as Tuesday of that week, she had documented rumors of girls being raped. The following night, women were taken in large numbers from their homes. Another missionary, John Magee wrote to his wife “The most horrible thing now is the raping of the women, which has been going on in the most shameless way I have ever known”. A tentative list compiled by Lewis Smythe detailed instances of rape occurring soon after the Japanese Army entered Nanjing: four girls at noon on December 14; four more women that evening; three female refugees on December 15; and a young wife around the same time. The accounts revealed chilling individual horrors. A 15-year-old girl was taken to a barracks housing 200 to 300 Japanese soldiers and locked in a room, where she was raped multiple times daily. Victims ranged from as young as 11 to over 80. American correspondent Edgar Snow recalled “Discards were often bayoneted by drunken soldiers,. Frequently, mothers had to witness their babies being beheaded, only to then be raped themselves.” Y.M.C.A. head George Fitch reported the case of a woman whose five-month-old infant was deliberately smothered by a soldier to silence its cries while he raped her. Such acts were a gruesome form of humiliation, designed to demonstrate that the vanquished were powerless to protect their own families. Japanese soldier Takokoro Kozo recalled “Women suffered most. No matter how young or old, they all could not escape the fate of being raped. We sent out coal trucks to the city streets and villages to seize a lot of women. And then each of them was allocated to fifteen to twenty soldiers for sexual intercourse and abuse. After raping we would also kill them”. Women were frequently killed immediately after being raped, often through horrific mutilations, such as being penetrated with bayonets, long bamboo sticks, or other objects. For instance, one six-months-pregnant woman was stabbed sixteen times in the face and body, with one stab penetrating her abdomen and killing her unborn child. In another case, a young woman had a beer bottle forcibly inserted into her vagina after being raped, and was subsequently shot.  On December 19, 1937, the Reverend James M. McCallum wrote in his diary “I know not where to end. Never I have heard or read such brutality. Rape! Rape! Rape! We estimate at least 1,000 cases a night and many by day. In case of resistance or anything that seems like disapproval, there is a bayonet stab or a bullet... People are hysterical... Women are being carried off every morning, afternoon and evening. The whole Japanese army seems to be free to go and come as it pleases, and to do whatever it pleases”.  Rabe wrote in his diary dated December 17 “wo Japanese soldiers have climbed over the garden wall and are about to break into our house. When I appear they give the excuse that they saw two Chinese soldiers climb over the wall. When I show them my party badge, they return the same way. In one of the houses in the narrow street behind my garden wall, a woman was raped, and then wounded in the neck with a bayonet. I managed to get an ambulance so we can take her to Kulou Hospital... Last night up to 1,000 women and girls are said to have been raped, about 100 girls at Ginling College...alone. You hear nothing but rape. If husbands or brothers intervene, they're shot. What you hear and see on all sides is the brutality and bestiality of the Japanese soldiers”. In a documentary film about the Nanjing Massacre, In the Name of the Emperor, a former Japanese soldier named Shiro Azuma spoke candidly about the process of rape and murder in Nanjing. “At first we used some kinky words like Pikankan. Pi means "hip", kankan means "look". Pikankan means, "Let's see a woman open up her legs." Chinese women didn't wear under-pants. Instead, they wore trousers tied with a string. There was no belt. As we pulled the string, the buttocks were exposed. We "pikankan". We looked. After a while we would say something like, "It's my day to take a bath," and we took turns raping them. It would be all right if we only raped them. I shouldn't say all right. But we always stabbed and killed them. Because dead bodies don't talk”. Without anyone to defend them, the women of Nanjing resorted to desperate measures for their safety. The young and attractive cut their hair and smeared soot on their faces to diminish their allure. Others donned boys' clothes or the garments of elderly women. However, the Japanese were well aware of these tactics and were not easily deceived. As American correspondent Snow described, it was an orgy of unprecedented debauchery, involving not only the lower ranks of the Japanese military but also officers who turned their quarters into harems, bedding a new captive each night. Open-air sexual assaults were common. During the first ten days of occupation, groups of Japanese soldiers entered the Ginling campus ten to twenty times daily, brandishing fixed bayonets stained with fresh blood. So overwhelmed, Vautrin decided to prioritize saving lives over salvaging possessions, spending those early days frantically moving across campus to prevent marauding soldiers from taking away women. A particularly tense situation unfolded on the evening of December 17, when Vautrin and other staff members at Ginling College were called to the front of the campus to confront a group of Japanese soldiers. Earlier, Vautrin had received documentation from another officer affirming that the area was a legitimate refugee camp. The soldiers torn up the document in front of her. For hours, with armed Japanese soldiers encircling them, Vautrin and her colleagues were left standing or kneeling, uncertain of what awaited them. Gradually, it became clear that they had been lured to the front gate so that other soldiers could enter through a side entrance and abduct twelve women. As Vautrin recalled “Never shall I forget the scene. The dried leaves rattling, the moaning of the wind, the cries of women being led away.” The staff remained at the entrance until 11:00 pm, fearing that hiding soldiers might fire on them if they moved. This was the only time that Vautrin was unable to prevent rape, a failure that would haunt her for the rest of her life. Some Japanese soldiers, seeking young girls, ordered a middle-aged Chinese woman to assist them in finding targets. When she either could not or would not comply, they shot a rifle across her abdomen, narrowly missing and taking away “three handbreadths of flesh.” When the Japanese Army entered Nanjing, little damage had been inflicted on the buildings, as noted by U.S. missionary James McCallum at the end of December. On the first day of their occupation, Japanese soldiers immediately dispersed into Nanjing in small groups, breaking shop windows and looting the goods within. They carried away their spoils in crates and stolen rickshaws. Initially, the looting was partly a makeshift response to the poor logistics of the Japanese Army. Combat soldiers had arrived well ahead of their supply lines and faced severe food shortages until the roads reopened and the Yangtze River became navigable.  Every building in Nanjing was looted and turned upside down. Everything not nailed down was stolen: doors and window frames were removed, safes opened with rifle shots or grenades. Japanese soldiers often pillaged property while the owners were present, threatening them with bayonets. Abandoned cars littered the streets, typically overturned and stripped of useful items, including batteries. Like Russian soldiers in Berlin seven and a half years later, the rank-and-file soldiers displayed a particular interest in watches. As the scale of plunder grew, transportation became scarce. By the end of December, looting was being conducted using trucks. When vehicles were unavailable, Japanese soldiers resorted to wheelbarrows and even children's prams. Mules, donkeys, and people were also commandeered. Just as during their advance from Shanghai to Nanjing, the Chinese were forced to assist in looting their own homes. A common sight was a Japanese soldier leading a group of Chinese down the street, laden with stolen goods. While Chinese soldiers had also engaged in some looting during their evacuation of Nanjing, it was nothing compared to the scale of the Japanese victors' plunder. The Chinese forces had deliberately avoided breaking into foreign buildings, a distinction that the Japanese disregarded. The American, British, and German embassies, along with the ambassadors' residences, were ransacked, stripped of everything from bedding and money to watches, rugs, and artwork. The American School was looted, and its wall breached to remove the piano. As the Japanese stripped the city, they also began to burn it. While the winter sky could have been sparkling, it was instead filled with smoke from thousands of fires across the city. Some fires resulted from carelessness, such as when soldiers cooked meat from a stolen cow over a bonfire, accidentally igniting an ancient building. Others were acts of mindless vandalism. The Nanking Music Shop saw all its instruments and sheets piled in the street and set ablaze. The extent of the massacre can, to some degree, be linked to a breakdown in discipline among Japanese soldiers. Released from weeks or months of hardship on the battlefield, many soldiers experienced an intoxicating sense of freedom, resembling misbehaving boys. The deterioration of order among Japanese soldiers astonished those familiar with the stories of the stringent discipline within Japan's armed forces. Observers commented on soldiers laughing at proclamations from their own officers or tearing up orders and tossing them to the ground. Some foreign witnesses speculated that this lack of discipline was exacerbated by the absence of visible individual numbers on soldiers, making it challenging to identify wrongdoers. The issue also stemmed from the quality of the Japanese officer corps and their ability to manage a large army of young men, many of whom were experiencing freedom from societal constraints for the first time. Not all officers rose to the occasion; Vautrin witnessed an officer almost fail to prevent a soldier from raping a girl. Even worse, some officers transitioned from passive bystanders, guilty by inaction, to active participants in prolonged rape sessions. While a few attempted to instill discipline among their troops, their efforts often fell short. A Japanese colonel, for instance, slapped a soldier attempting to rape a Chinese woman. Another general was seen striking a private who had bayoneted a Chinese man and threatened two Germans, raising questions about how much of this discipline was merely performative for the benefit of foreign observers. Ultimately, disciplinary measures had little impact. As Rabe noted in his diary dated December 18th “The soldiers have almost no regard for their officers”. The absence of effective higher leadership during this critical period likely exacerbated the problem. General Matsui had been suffering from malaria since November 3, which left him largely incapacitated from December 5 to 15. A subordinate later testified that he had been informed of "incidents of stealing, killing, assault, and rape and had become quite enraged.” Although Matsui may have been displeased by the unruly behavior of his soldiers, it is conceivable that his inaction led to even greater levels of atrocity than might have occurred otherwise. He insisted on holding a victory parade on December 17, immediately after recovering from his illness, which likely triggered a security frenzy among Japanese officers concerned about the safety of Prince Asaka, uncle to Emperor Hirohito. This reaction likely prompted a surge in searches for, and executions of, suspected former Chinese soldiers. The Japanese high command in Tokyo was also aware of the unraveling discipline. On January 4, 1938, Army Headquarters sent Matsui an unusually direct message ordering him to restore control among his troops: Our old friend Ishiwara Kanji bitterly criticized the situation and placed the blame on Matsui “We earnestly request enhancement of military discipline and public morals. The morale of the Japanese had never been at a lower level.” A detachment of military police eventually arrived in Nanjing, leading to some improvements, though their presence was mixed. Some officers stationed outside the Safety Zone ignored atrocities occurring before them and, in some cases, participated directly. At Ginling College, the experience with military police was decidedly uneven. The first group of about 25 men tasked with guarding the college ended up committing rape themselves.  Despite frequent visits from Japanese soldiers in search of loot and victims to assault, the Safety Zone was perceived as successful. Many believed that both the zone and the work of its managing committee were responsible for saving countless lives. W. Plumer Mills, vice chairman of the committee, noted that the zone “did give some protection during the fighting…but the chief usefulness of the Zone has been the measure of protection it has afforded to the people since the occupation.” Shortly after the Japanese conquest, the population of the Safety Zone swelled to a quarter million people. Around 70,000 of these were organized into 25 pre-arranged camps, while the majority sought accommodation wherever possible. Makeshift “mat-shed villages” sprang up in vacant areas throughout the zone. Nanjing quickly became informally divided into two distinct cities. Outside the Safety Zone, the atmosphere was ghostly, with a population dwindling to around 10,000, while within the zone, bustling activity thrived. Shanghai Road, which ran through the center of the zone and had once been a wide boulevard, transformed into a hub of barter and trade, resembling a festive market during Chinese New Year, overflowing with makeshift stalls, tea shops, and restaurants, making it nearly impossible to traverse by vehicle. The Japanese held a degree of respect for Westerners, although this sentiment was not universal and did not always offer protection. Many foreigners tried to safeguard their homes by displaying their national flags outside, but they often found that Japanese soldiers would break in regardless. To protect Ginling College, American flags were displayed at eight locations around the compound, and a large 30-foot American flag was spread out in the center. However, this proved to be “of absolutely no use” in preventing Japanese soldiers from entering the area. Despite this, there was some limited outright hostility towards Americans. Stronger negative sentiments were directed towards the Russians and the British, who were viewed as representatives of nations with competing interests against the Japanese Empire. The Japanese displayed particular reverence for one nationality, the Germans. Rabe would shout “Deutsch” or “Hitler” to command respect from unruly Japanese soldiers or show them his swastika armband, indicating his allegiance to the Nazi Party. Germany was seen as a rising power and rapidly becoming one of Japan's closest allies, a fellow outcast in global politics. However, as time passed, the limits of this respect became evident; individual soldiers began searching for women within the German embassy compound, and eventually, nearly all German buildings were broken into. Despite all the challenges, there was no doubting that foreigners offered a form of protection unavailable elsewhere. Within days of the Japanese conquest, women and children began appearing in large numbers outside Rabe's home, kneeling and knocking their heads on the ground as they begged to be let into his already overcrowded garden.  At 1:00 pm on January 1, the Chinese were proclaimed rulers of their own city, or at least this is what Japanese propaganda sought to convey. On the first day of the new year, a puppet government was established in a ceremony held just north of the Safety Zone. A new five-bar flag, the one associated with the early Chinese republic was raised, signaling a patriotic spirit in a gesture that felt unconvincing. As the new leaders took office, vowing to resurrect their city, buildings burned all around them. The ceremony marked the culmination of two weeks of preparatory work. As early as December 15, General Matsui met with a local Chinese leader, referred to in the Japanese commander's diary only as Chen, who had been selected to assist in forming this new puppet government. Chen had been present in the northern port city of Tianjin two years earlier when Matsui helped establish the Chinese chapter of the Greater Asia Association. He subscribed to Matsui's concepts of “Asia for Asians,” but cautioned that Chinese fears of the Japanese would complicate the governance of the conquered territories.   The new government aligned with the Japanese army to implement a system of indoctrination centered on conservatism, primarily targeting the youth, who were perceived as most likely to resist. The indoctrination included messages like, “You must follow the old custom in marriage, letting your parents make arrangements for you. You must not go to theaters or study English, etc. China and Japan must become one, and then the nation will be strong.” Few were deceived by these attempts to win hearts and minds. The government-sanctioned newspaper, the Xinshengbao, or New Life Journal, was immediately dismissed as a crude vehicle for propaganda. Additionally, the government made minimal progress in more urgent tasks, such as restoring peacetime conditions and revitalizing Nanjing's economy, a challenge made formidable by Japanese brutality. Given the fate of the first group of volunteers at the electricity plant after the conquest, no one could be found to fill the needed 40 to 45 worker slots. The same was true for firefighters. The predictable outcomes followed. Water and limited power were restored to parts of the city by January 2, but within two days, the city was plunged back into darkness. By January 13, the waterworks were still non-operational, and the power supply remained intermittent while fires continued to blaze well into January. The government was not taken seriously, struggling even with the Japanese. It quickly built a reputation for being venal and corrupt. One of its names was the Nanjing Autonomous Government, which a clever member of the foreign community humorously rebranded as the “Automatic Government,” reflecting its actual role as a puppet regime devoid of autonomy.  While Nanjing endured its own nightmarish reality, the city's inhabitants had little understanding of the events transpiring beyond its walls. The first radio news that reached foreign residents came on January 7, reporting Japanese air raids on Wuhan. There were also unconfirmed rumors suggesting that Hangzhou was experiencing similar horrors to those in Nanjing, but details were scarce. It was perhaps expected that reports from afar would be limited in wartime, yet information about situations closer to Nanjing was similarly scarce, and the horrific truth gradually dawned on the city's populace. A Westerner who managed to escape east from Nanjing in early January reported that all villages within a 20-mile radius had been burned to the ground. Outside the city, Japanese soldiers were randomly shooting civilians, including children. A German who drove an hour from Nanjing encountered no living souls. After the conquest, Chinese who managed to leave Nanjing reported that every pond between the city and Juyong was filled with the decaying corpses of people and animals. Many of the atrocities committed during this time appeared to stem from boredom and a search for cheap thrills. American missionary Magee witnessed a young farmer who had sustained severe burns on his upper body. After the soldiers demanded money from him and he failed to comply, they doused him in kerosene and set him ablaze. Similarly, a young boy suffered horrific burns after he failed to lead a group of soldiers to his “mama.” People in the rural areas surrounding Nanjing faced danger from numerous directions. Not only were they potential targets for marauding Japanese soldiers, but they were also at risk from bands of Chinese outlaws, who preyed on the large influx of refugees on the roads and the few souls who remained at home despite the fierce conflict raging nearby. Magee encountered a 49-year-old woman whose home was invaded by bandits looking for money. “When she and her husband said they had none they battered her head and breast with a stool and burned her feet until she revealed their savings of between four and five dollars.” In the absence of a formal government, informal authority was often wielded by secret societies. For instance, the “Big Sword Society” reportedly offered protection not only against Japanese soldiers and local bandits but also against small groups of Chinese troops seeking to escape back to their lines and resorting to theft for survival. What a blast from the past eh?   Rumors began to circulate in early January 1938 that the Chinese Army was preparing to retake Nanjing and that Chiang Kai-shek's soldiers had already been spotted inside the city walls. Many of the small makeshift Japanese flags that had appeared outside private homes in mid-December suddenly vanished, and some Chinese residents who had been wearing Japanese armbands hastily removed them. There was even talk of launching an attack on the Japanese embassy. Word spread that the Japanese were becoming frightened and were searching for Chinese clothing to disguise themselves as civilians in the event of a retreat. In reality, none of this was true. The Chinese Army was still reorganizing after the costly campaign that had forced it from Shanghai to Nanjing and then further into the interior. However, this did not imply that the Japanese had achieved complete control over the city. After six weeks of terror, Nanjing began to reassert itself. Japanese soldiers faced fatalities and injuries in skirmishes with members of secret organizations like the “Yellow Spears” and the “Big Sword Society.”  After the New Year, the population within the Safety Zone began to dwindle. A week into 1938, the number of refugees at Ginling College, which had peaked at more than 10,000, fell to around 5,000. Less than a month after the conquest, many former residents started returning to their homes during the day and then coming back to the college at night. Still, the city was far from safe, and even for those whose homes were located within the Safety Zone, Vautrin believed it was unwise to stray too far from her refugee camp. One month after Japanese forces had surged through its gates, Nanjing was a thoroughly devastated city, with fires still being set every day and night. By mid-January, estimates suggested that more than half the city had been burned down, with the main shopping district completely gone, as well as the entertainment area surrounding the Confucius Temple. Nevertheless, slowly but surely, the shell-shocked city began to pull itself together and started the long process of renewal. Vautrin considered opening an industrial school offering four-month courses for women to help compensate for the loss of labor resulting from the indiscriminate killing of men. Chinese New Year fell on January 31, 1938. Celebrated throughout Asia, it was also recognized by the Japanese. It was a “dismal, muddy” day, and as many feared, soldiers who appeared “too happy” from excessive drinking attempted to enter the Safety Zone in search of women but were stopped. The sound of thousands of firecrackers filled the air, fulfilling the age-old purpose of scaring away evil spirits. Refugees in Rabe's compound presented him with a large red silk banner adorned with a gold Chinese inscription. His Chinese friends translated the message for him “You are the living Buddha For a hundred thousand people”. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. In December 1937, the battle for Nanjing left its residents in terror as the Japanese army advanced. Following the invasion, a horrific massacre began, with thousands targeted in brutal killings, torture, and humiliation. Civilians and soldiers alike were indiscriminately slain, and the Japanese military showed no mercy. To this day the Nanjing Massacre stands as a testament to the unbelievable evil man holds within him.