Podcasts about democratic republican party

Have you cast your ballot in the Democratic or Republican primary election? If not, today's the day! Polling locations are open across Wilson County for registered voters to cast ballots in the party primaries. Some of these races will determine who will be the office-holders in November, due to lack of other-party opposition. On the ballot are candidates seeking offices from Wilson County constable up to president of the United States. (Candidates list, Candidates forum) Voters can cast ballots until 7 p.m. today. Remember to take a photo ID with you to the polls. Check your voter registration card for...Article Link

Episode 301 features Tony Zorc, the Founder of Upgrade My County and the 2024 United States Presidential Candidate for the Movement.Find Tony Online:Website: upgrademycountry.orgLinkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/tonyzorcInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/tonyzorcTwitter: https://twitter.com/tonyzorc/a>YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCaDMT7x8iEKQOMdLEJPK7HgFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/tonyzorcTiktok: https://www.tiktok.com/@tonyzorcAbout Tony:Upgrade My Country is a movement to pass 2 constitutional amendments to the US constitution for term limits and fair elections and to remove the Democratic-Republican Party (aka The Beast) from power by electing independents to congress and the office of the president. Tony Zorc is the movement's Presidential candidate for 2024.........Thank you for listening! If you wanted to learn more about the host, Brian Ondrako, check out his “Now” Page - https://www.brianondrako.com/now or Sign up for his Weekly Newsletter and 3x a Week Blog - https://brianondrako.com/subscribe/ Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

The polls are open today from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. for area voters to cast ballots in the Republican and Democratic party primary runoffs. Those who voted in the March 1 Republican or Democratic primaries may only vote in the party for which they cast a ballot in the primary. If you didn't vote in March, you can cast a ballot for either party. You must vote in your allocated precinct area; check your voter registration card for your box number. Polling locations in Wilson County include: •Wilson County ESD 2, 191 Cimarron Drive north of Floresville — Code 1:...Article Link

We are joined by private Attorney General Andy "Hope" Williams. Andy was a 2020 Presidential Candidate and resurrected the Democratic-Republican Party. The mission of the party is to abolish slavery, eradicate poverty, and end the war between We the People. In 2021 Andy filed a lawsuit against the US government and multiple states charging Slavery and Human Trafficking. We'll get updates on the suit status, discuss his future, and cover the issues. We've got some fantastic Mothers Day music mixes for you and as always, we'll share the words of our abolitionist ancestors for a new generation in our Bridging The Gap segment.

We are joined by private Attorney General Andy "Hope" Williams. Andy was a 2020 Presidential Candidate and resurrected the Democratic-Republican Party. The mission of the party is to abolish slavery, eradicate poverty, and end the war between We the People. In 2021 Andy filed a lawsuit against the US government and multiple states charging Slavery and Human Trafficking. We'll get updates on the suit status, discuss his future, and cover the issues. We've got some fantastic Mothers Day music mixes for you and as always, we'll share the words of our abolitionist ancestors for a new generation in our Bridging The Gap segment.

General Welfare Clause to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defense and general Welfare of the United States; Of all the limitations upon the power to tax and spend, the General Welfare Clause appears to have achieved notoriety as one of the most contentious. The dispute over the clause arises from two distinct disagreements. The first concerns whether the General Welfare Clause grants an independent spending power or is a restriction upon the taxing power. The second disagreement pertains to what exactly is meant by the phrase "general welfare." The two primary authors of The Federalist Papers set forth two separate, conflicting interpretations: James Madison advocated the ratification of the Constitution in The Federalist and at the Virginia ratifying convention upon a narrow construction of the clause, asserting that spending must be at least tangentially tied to one of the other specifically enumerated powers, such as regulating interstate or foreign commerce, or providing for the military, as the General Welfare Clause is not a specific grant of power, but a statement of purpose qualifying the power to tax. Alexander Hamilton, only after the Constitution had been ratified, argued for a broad interpretation which viewed spending as an enumerated power Congress could exercise independently to benefit the general welfare, such as to assist national needs in agriculture or education, provided that the spending is general in nature and does not favor any specific section of the country over any other. Although The Federalist was not reliably distributed outside of New York, the essays eventually became the dominant reference for interpreting the meaning of the Constitution as they provided the reasoning and justification behind the Framers' intent in setting up the federal government. While Hamilton's view prevailed during the administrations of Presidents Washington and Adams, historians argue that his view of the General Welfare Clause was repudiated in the election of 1800, and helped establish the primacy of the Democratic-Republican Party for the subsequent 24 years. This assertion is based on the motivating factor which the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions played upon the electorate; the Kentucky Resolutions, authored by Thomas Jefferson, specifically criticized Hamilton's view. Further, Jefferson himself later described the distinction between the parties over this view as "almost the only landmark which now divides the federalists from the republicans...." Associate Justice Joseph Story Associate Justice Joseph Story relied heavily upon The Federalist as a source for his Commentaries on the Constitution of the United States. In that work, Story excoriated both the Madisonian view and a previous, strongly nationalistic view of Hamilton's which was rejected at the Philadelphia Convention. Ultimately, Story concluded that Thomas Jefferson's view of the clause as a limitation on the power to tax, given in Jefferson's opinion to Washington on the constitutionality of the national bank, was the correct reading. However, Story also concluded that Hamilton's view on spending, articulated in his 1791 Report on Manufactures, is the correct reading of the spending power. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/law-school/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/law-school/support

The story of William Eaton and the Mission of 1805 represents the end of Federalist Party power and the rise of Thomas Jefferson's Democratic Republican Party. It also is a story in which the first time a nation declared war on the United States; the first time the American military was sent to a foreign country to engage in combat operations; the first time an American flag was raised in military victory on foreign soil; and America's first overseas covert operation.    

John Tyler Who are the Whigs, and how does John Tyler, a former Democratic-Republican and low-level House member, find himself on their ticket in the 1840 election? In this episode of Unpresidented, we explore the wild, uncertain politics that emerge out of the Founders Era. Figures like Hamilton, Jefferson and Madison are replaced by a less remembered generation such as John Calhoun, Andrew Jackson, and William Henry Harrison -- that splits up the Democratic-Republican Party into a new era of partisan divide. John Tyler emerging as President within this new group of political leaders, though, assures the newly formed Democratic Party the upper-hand in the new two-party fight, as he has no interest in working with a supermajority in Congress that expects him to happily sign their legislation. American parties, then, actually figure out that picking a good VP, or even just an obedient VP to the Party is actually important, as the nation finds themselves with their first President to assume office after the death of another President. How does the nation react in this constitutional crisis, as it was unclear if the VP was the rightful successor to the President at the time? Even though Tyler is able to establish a successful, critical precedent, his Presidency is anything but a success. Keywords: Presidents American Presidents America USA United States Politics History Biography Biographical Republicans Democrats Political Parties Senate House of Representatives Constitution American Anthem White House American Flag --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app

In the second episode of The Campaign Trail, Elections Daily looks back on the 1824 presidential election, one of the most controversial in American history. The Democratic-Republican Party, after decades of dominance against the faltering Federalist Party, imploded in tremendous fashion, with four members of the party mounting credible bids for the Presidency. With no candidate receiving a majority of the electoral vote, second-place finisher John Quincy Adams emerged from the House of Representatives vote as President, changing American history forever in the process. --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/elections-daily/support

The Hangover begins with Richard Brookhiser (American historian and longtime editor at National Review) making a statement that is both clear and simple and yet seems like a revolutionary point to be made among Republicans: “Trump had his day, but it passed.” The question remains, why aren't they acting like it? Furthermore, how did the Republican grassroots go from Tea Partiers tidying up after themselves on the National Mall to rioters breaking into the Capitol in the space of just over a decade? Brookhiser explains this populist overthrow within the tradition of political factionalism stretching all the way back to Madison.Show Notes:-Founder's Son by Richard Brookhiser-I Love You, but I Hate Your Politics, by Jeanne Safer-The Tea Party was notoriously clean-Some U.S. cities are semi-permanently wrecked from 20th-century rioting-Democrats have become the party of the rich-The “anti-elitist” Democratic-Republican Party was made up of rich guys-A giant list of Israeli political parties-Brookhiser argues that liberty is the core of American politicsChapter 2: Chris Talks With Eric Cantor Get full access to The Hangover at hangoverpodcast.thedispatch.com/subscribe

The Hangover begins with Richard Brookhiser (American historian and longtime editor at National Review) making a statement that is both clear and simple and yet seems like a revolutionary point to be made among Republicans: “Trump had his day, but it passed.” The question remains, why aren’t they acting like it? Furthermore, how did the Republican grassroots go from Tea Partiers tidying up after themselves on the National Mall to rioters breaking into the Capitol in the space of just over a decade? Brookhiser explains this populist overthrow within the tradition of political factionalism stretching all the way back to Madison.   Show Notes: -Founder’s Son by Richard Brookhiser -I Love You, but I Hate Your Politics, by Jeanne Safer -The Tea Party was notoriously clean -Some U.S. cities are semi-permanently wrecked from 20th-century rioting -Democrats have become the party of the rich -The “anti-elitist” Democratic-Republican Party was made up of rich guys -A giant list of Israeli political parties -Brookhiser argues that liberty is the core of American politics See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The first political parties in the United States were formed during the first administration of George Washington⏤called The Federalist Party and the Democratic-Republican Party. It was 1828 when the Democratic Party was formed. The Republican Party was founded in 1854, replacing the Whig Party. The formation of opposing political parties in the US highlighted the ongoing struggle between a bigger more expansive government that Democrats embraced and the more limited decentralized government that Republicans preferred.  The more recent divide in the Democratic Party between the Squad, AOC, Bernie Sanders, the hard-left turn, and traditional Democrats has put the party at odds with itself. Democrats use their policy proposals to convince people that their big programs, medical for all, building the welfare state, environmental crises are all gifts focused on human rights and compassion for the people. It is anything but that. The political, media, and tech oligarchs are now consolidating power, using the events on Capitol Hill for justification to de-platformed the President of the United States. Do not be deceived. They are not coming for President Trump, they are coming for YOU.

Modern republicanism is a guiding political philosophy of the United States that has been a major part of American civic thought since its founding. It stresses liberty and inalienable individual rights as central values; recognizes the sovereignty of the people as the source of all authority in law; rejects monarchy, aristocracy, and hereditary political power; expects citizens to be virtuous and faithful in their performance of civic duties; and vilifies corruption. American republicanism was articulated and first practiced by the Founding Fathers in the 18th century. For them, "republicanism represented more than a particular form of government. It was a way of life, a core ideology, an uncompromising commitment to liberty, and a total rejection of aristocracy." Republicanism was based on Ancient Greco-Roman, Renaissance, and English models and ideas. It formed the basis for the American Revolution, the Declaration of Independence (1776), the Constitution (1787), and the Bill of Rights, as well as the Gettysburg Address (1863). Republicanism includes guarantees of rights that cannot be repealed by a majority vote. Alexis de Tocqueville warned about the "tyranny of the majority" in a democracy and suggested the courts should try to reverse the efforts of the majority to terminate the rights of an unpopular minority. The term 'republicanism' is derived from the term 'republic', but the two words have different meanings. A 'republic' is a form of government (one without a hereditary ruling class); 'republicanism' refers to the values of the citizens in a republic. Two major parties have used the term in their name – the Democratic-Republican Party of Thomas Jefferson (founded in 1793, and often called the 'Jeffersonian Republican Party'), and the current Republican Party, founded in 1854 and named after the Jeffersonian party. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/law-school/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/law-school/support

This newsletter is really a public policy thought-letter. While excellent newsletters on specific themes within public policy already exist, this thought-letter is about frameworks, mental models, and key ideas that will hopefully help you think about any public policy problem in imaginative ways. It seeks to answer just one question: how do I think about a particular public policy problem/solution?Welcome to the mid-week edition in which we write essays on a public policy theme. The usual public policy review comes out on weekends.PS: If you enjoy listening instead of reading, we have this edition available as an audio narration on all podcasting platforms courtesy the good folks at Ad-Auris. If you have any feedback, please send it to us.- RSJDemocracies have periodic elections to ascertain the will of its people on who should govern them. Often the incumbents lose. This leads to a nebulous, yet perhaps the most precious of features of a democracy – the peaceful transfer of power between the vanquished and the winner. In most democracies, there isn’t a written down law on how this should happen. Instead there are norms of conduct and fair play that guide this. The idea that someone voluntarily steps aside and lets an opponent take over the reins of power is fraught with risk. There’s no guarantee if this gesture will be reciprocated or perpetuated in future. The ability to transcend this fear is what makes democracies tick around the world. Cannot Be Taken For GrantedHow precious this feature is can be gauged from this study done by Adam Przeworski of New York University that was cited by the Economist a few weeks back.“Mr Przeworski’s database, which analyses elections in more than 200 countries between 1919 and 2015, shows that only a little more than half have had even one orderly electoral transfer of power—defined as government handovers free of coups, civil wars or constitutional crises after a vote.Eleven such handovers from one party to another have occurred in America since the end of the first world war. This makes the country an exceptional success on this measure.”Norms follow a logic unique to them. Once set it isn’t easy to dislodge them. Conversely, once challenged and then flouted, it’s difficult to restore them. The norm of peaceful transfer of power for the world was set in the US in the early 19th century. The elections of 1800 were fractious and fiercely contested between the Federalists led by the incumbent President John Adams and the Democratic-Republican Party led by Thomas Jefferson. This was a bitter battle. To quote www.history.com: “During Adams’s presidency, Democratic-Republicans and Federalists clashed over everything from taxes to religion, but especially over the main policy dilemma facing the nation: how to deal with the ongoing French Revolution. These bitter differences were front and center during the 1800 presidential campaign, which played out in the highly partisan press. Federalist newspapers and propaganda materials branded French sympathizers as dangerous radicals, while Democratic-Republicans accused the Federalists of wanting to re-establish a monarchy.When the votes were counted, confusion reigned. Though Jefferson and his running mate, Aaron Burr, had defeated Adams and Pinckney, both had received the same number of electoral votes. The tie sent the decision to the House of Representatives, where Jefferson finally won the presidency on the 36th ballot.In the early morning hours of March 4, 1801, John Adams, the second president of the United States, quietly left Washington, D.C. under cover of darkness. On the heels of his humiliating defeat in the previous year’s election, Adams was setting an important precedent. His departure from office marked the first peaceful transfer of power between political opponents in the United States, now viewed as a hallmark of the nation’s democracy. Since then, the loser of every presidential election in U.S. history has willingly and peacefully surrendered power to the winner, despite whatever personal animosity or political divisions might exist.”In his inaugural address, Jefferson made his famous unifying declaration:“But every difference of opinion is not a difference of principle. We have called by different names brethren of the same principle. We are all republicans. We are all federalists.”Banking On The Usual American Exceptionalism?Over the years, there have been laws drafted and passed to establish a mechanism for peaceful transfer of power. The Presidential Transition Act of 1963 and its numerous subsequent amendments have attempted to create more defined guidelines to achieve this. Yet a few features remain unique to the transfer of power in the US electoral system:There’s an inordinately long 10-week transition period between the elections and the inauguration of the new President.During this period, the incumbent President continues to hold full executive powers till the President-elect is sworn-in.There’s no clarity about what happens if the incumbent refuses to transfer the power citing fraud or electoral irregularities.Alexis de Tocqueville in his classic Democracy in America remarked on the period just preceding the presidential election and after it with acuity:“Whatever the prerogatives of the executive power may be, the period which immediately precedes an election and the moment of its duration must always be considered as a national crisis, which is perilous in proportion to the internal embarrassments and the external dangers of the country. Few of the nations of Europe could escape the calamities of anarchy or of conquest every time they might have to elect a new sovereign.”The ‘national crisis’ that he calls out isn’t a hyperbole. This transition period where no one is really in control has seen some famous missteps by the U.S. political class. The transition from Buchanan (arguably, the second worst President after Trump) to Lincoln between November 1860 and March 1861 was when the states of the Confederate South prepared for the Civil War while the executive remained paralysed. Similarly, the protracted legal battle between Bush and Gore following the elections in 2000 is believed to have given Bin Laden and his associates the window to plan 9/11.   These unique features and the dangers of protracted legal battle during the transition period have now come into focus as President Trump refuses to acknowledge he lost the elections. With the crisis of a second wave of Covid-19 striking many states and the urgent need for a national vaccination plan to be administered in the next six months, there couldn’t be a worse time to question the legitimacy of an election and rousing nearly half of the country to believe the voting was rigged. But Trump has managed that. And more. He is now striking at the foundational norm of democracy – the peaceful transfer of power – a gift that the US has given to the world. Such norms once questioned cease to be inviolable. All bets are then off for future transitions. Tocqueville had cited three causes responsible for maintenance of democratic republic in the United States:The peculiar and accidental situation in which Providence has placed the Americans.The laws.The manners and customs of the people.The Manners Of Americans Of these, Tocqueville specifically cited the manners of American people as the most critical determinant of its success as a democratic polity. He wrote:“The citizen of the United States does not acquire his practical science and his positive notions from books; the instruction he has acquired may have prepared him for receiving those ideas, but it did not furnish them. The American learns to know the laws by participating in the act of legislation; and he takes a lesson in the forms of government from governing. The great work of society is ever going on beneath his eyes, and, as it were, under his hands.”“The laws and manners of the Anglo-Americans are therefore that efficient cause of their greatness which is the object of my inquiry.The American laws are therefore good, and to them must be attributed a large portion of the success which attends the government of democracy in America: but I do not believe them to be the principal cause of that success; and if they seem to me to have more influence upon the social happiness of the Americans than the nature of the country, on the other hand there is reason to believe that their effect is still inferior to that produced by the manners of the people.The manners of the Americans of the United States are, then, the real cause which renders that people the only one of the American nations that is able to support a democratic government; and it is the influence of manners which produces the different degrees of order and of prosperity that may be distinguished in the several Anglo-American democracies.”As Trumpism and a deeply divided society contend with an unprecedented scenario of a raucous transfer of power that so far was the preserve of newly minted democracies of Africa and South America, one hopes the ‘manners’ of the American people that Tocqueville extolled, will save them from the blushes. The American people will have to be at their best ‘manners’ in the coming days.  HomeWorkReading and listening recommendations on public policy matters[Article] Timothy Naftali in the Foreign Policy: “The transition of power between presidents has long been a weakness of the U.S. political system. But never more so than now.”[Article] The Election That Could Break America, a long-form piece by Barton Gellman in The Atlantic about the various scenarios of transfer of power Get on the email list at publicpolicy.substack.com

As we begin our descent from the Vice Presidential Candidates for the 1824 election, we encounter the most CURMUDGEONY man in South Carolina! I know. That's REALLY saying something. If you want to see how the Democratic-Republican Party is going to DRAMATICALLY SHIFT post-1824 look no further! Or go ahead and look further. You have free will. Become a Patron!

In Hour 2, we finish up with the calls that were cut off in Hour 1, and Randy has thoughts on a multitude of topics: Democratic-Republican Party and what it initially stood for, state sovereignty, refusing to shake Mitch McConnell's hand, and ends with listener phone calls! Follow Brandon Straka on Twitter: @usminority See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The United States presidential election of 1800 was the fourth quadrennial presidential election. It was held from Friday, October 31 to Wednesday, December 3, 1800. In what is sometimes referred to as the "Revolution of 1800", Vice President Thomas Jefferson defeated President John Adams. The election was a realigning election that ushered in a generation of Democratic-Republican Party rule and the eventual demise of the Federalist Party in the First Party System. Also thanks to narrators Diane Telford, Lonny Behar, Thomas Daly, Keith F. Shovlin and Zanna Ace See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

When the Texas War of Independence ended on April 21st, 1836 there were many in the newly formed Southern Republic that believed it would be openly welcomed into the United States as a part of the Union. Yet, there was more to consider than just territorial expansion. President Andrew Jackson had remained neutral on the issue during the Revolution that begun in his final year in office, believing that Texas wouldn’t be able to stand alone or maintain its independence against the newly formed Centralist Republic of Mexico. As the slavery question raged on he didn’t want to give an issue to the anti-slavery candidates by recognizing the large slaveholding nation that, in his opinion, was doomed to failure. Martin Van Buren, his successor, would recognize Texas as free and independent in 1837 but he was unwilling to welcome a new state that would ultimately shift the equilibrium struck with the 1820 Missouri Compromise, which established the balance of free versus slave states in the Union. At any rate Mexico refused to recognize the legitimacy of the newly seceded nation. To welcome it into the United States would be to welcome hostilities with that southern neighbor, hostilities that could very easily escalate into war. Still, less than a decade after Texas first won its independence, a series of events would occur that would see the Lone Star Republic being welcomed as the 28th State in the Union on December 29th, 1845. When William Henry Harrison was elected President few people perhaps foresaw him dying within 32 days of his inauguration and Vice President John Tyler ascending to the highest office of the land. With 8 men having served before Harrison none had failed to serve the full tenure of the office. Yet as pneumonia made the now 68-year-old Harrison’s Presidency the shortest in history, Tyler had to take the reins. Soon it would begin to crumble. His opponents would refuse to recognize his legitimacy referring to him as the Acting President or as the Vice President, the majority of Cabinet would resign, finding him impossible to work with, he would be expelled from the Whig Party and forced to remain as an independent. The Senate would hold up or reject his cabinet appointments, which had, until that point, been practically unheard of, and by 1842 the House, outraged by his use of a veto on the Tariff Bills the Whigs favored, was seeking to bring articles of impeachment against him, something that had, until that point had been more constitutional theory than anything else. Though it ultimately was tabled, Tyler was dying a slow political death. Yet if there was a path to saving his Presidency Tyler believed it laid through Texas, it could even, in his mind, secure his re-election in 1844. Yet it would not be soon enough and the hopes he had of securing his own mandate faded even as treaties were signed. As he faced tough opposition in the House and Senate, and setbacks, he looked to another path. A Democrat before he joined the Whig Party that saw his election on the Harrison ticket, as he shifted towards the Democratic Party once more, they were not yet willing to welcome him back to the fold, and as James Polk was nominated by the Democrats, Tyler formed his own new Democratic-Republican Party, styled in the form of the late Thomas Jefferson under the slogan “Tyler and Texas”. Ultimately his goal wouldn’t be win, the chances of that had slipped through his grasp. It was to appear as a potential spoiler and to strike a deal with Polk to force him into an annexation position. Polk and Tyler would enter a secret pact at the encouragement of Andrew Jackson, a supporter of annexation, where Tyler encouraged his supporters to back the Democratic nominee having been assured that Polk would push annexation. In the end the Democrats would win the Presidency by a narrow margin, 49.5 to 48.1% in the popular vote, 170 to 101 seats in the Electoral College. Texas would be one of Polk’s first orders of business. Tyler’s legacy would not be safe, despite believing that Texas’ admittance in the Union would vindicate him. For him, the saving grace was that he would go from being considered one of the worst Presidents in history to the obscure. Still, he would perhaps be best remembered not for Texas but for being the only former President to side with the Confederacy during the Civil War, serving not only in the Virginia Secession Convention but the Confederate Congress before his death in 1862.

This episode, the inaugural episode of the Second Decade podcast, details the bizarre (by modern standards) political situation Americans faced in 1816. The Democratic-Republican Party, hoping to score its fifth Presidential election win in a row, ran yet another Virginian, James Monroe. It looked to be a cakewalk, considering that the opposition party, the Federalists, was in full meltdown mode after they insisted on showing the country just how much they hated the War of 1812 with a disastrous and ill-advised confab in Hartford. But the dull Presidential race wasn't the real political story in 1816. There was an epic disaster in the making at the Congressional level, and voters rose in revolt like no other time in American history. In this episode you'll meet James Monroe, college drop-out and heir apparent to the Virginia dynasty; Rufus King, the last man to wear pantyhose on the floor of the U.S. Senate; and you'll learn why getting sloshed on the Fourth of July was, in 1816, every American's patriotic duty. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Hamilton and Jefferson's battle over the National Bank leads to the development of America's first two party system with the birth of the Democratic-Republican Party.

Hamilton and Jefferson's battle over the National Bank leads to the development of America's first two party system with the birth of the Democratic-Republican Party.