Podcasts about Weds

Happy Friday! Today our guest, the hilarious Candace Bryan, tells us about a scammer who was feeline pretty lucky to be taken in by her. The team then go down to the woods for a big surprise, unfortunately, it IS a man rather than a bear, but at least he's quiet!But perhaps the biggest crime of all is the revelation that some women opt to wear a bra to bed!!See you next Weds, when we're joined by comedian Chelsea Birkby. The DWSC London Residency is BACK at The Pleasance.You can see Hannah and Taylor, plus their special guests in September, October AND November.Full info and tickets HERE. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Bobby bought a new box of snacks and was bummed that they were all stale. He shares how he lined up an interview he was excited about but had to cancel last minute. Amy struggles to find something sucky so instead shares great news about her son who is at high school orientation. We get into a discussion of Amy trying to control her son. Eddie missed out on saving money on gas because of something dumb he did.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Bobby talked about how he made a post on Instagram to hear stories from listeners who got close to their dream in life but gave up. Amy shared why she gave up on her dream of being a mom. Eddie shared why demand for his salsa is getting out of control. We talked about someone getting urinated on at a Morgan Wallen concert. Bobby shared the reason he has been thinking of death more after becoming a dad. Bobby delivers some bad news to Lunchbox that leaves him devastated. Amy watched all of the A&E documentary ‘Scott Peterson: The New Evidence’ and feels totally different about the case. She gives her thoughts on why there is no evidence of a murder.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Eddie shares how he got a clever scam text. Bobby shares how he had an awkward interaction with a country artist who wouldn't take no for an answer. You won’t believe these Garth Brooks stories! Listeners call in with wild Garth encounters, Bobby talks about crazy things he's done from signing autographs for 23 straight hours and we hear about the superstar moments that show the real Garth. Eddie and Lunchbox both share stories of people possibly casing their homes. They share what happened and why they think they are about to get robbed.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Andy is hosting Acoustic Island as part of the Ventnor Fringe this year , Weds 22nd July at St Catherines Church at 7.30 pm till 9.30pm with Daysi and Amelia and Kindred Found.For tickets please head to vfringe.co.uk or pop into Ventnor Exchange itself to buy tickets

Bobby shares what happened at Baby Billie’s 4-month checkup and where she ranks for her age. Amy shared a life redemption story of a person she knew from Haiti. We got into discussion about Amy’s travels to Haiti and the most unsafe moments. Eddie shared something on his body that had been bothering him that was finally healed. Lunchbox shared something good he was able to do yesterday that led to something concerning today. Morgan shared how she had a long conversation with a neighbor after an annoying situation they were both dealing with. We talked to a listener who spent a crazy amount on World Cup tickets.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

We start addressing all the reactions from the big announcement made today of a member of the show leaving. We found out why a show member is depressed. Raymundo has started a feud going into his Pop-A-Shot competition in Vegas this weekend. We shared two news stories about the Bison attack update and people hiring chefs to barbeque for them and pervy Amy was unleashed! Lunchbox has more bad news about his Price is Right prizes. We get the crazy story of Raymundo and Scuba Steve getting pulled over in Vegas and what the cop told them. They also share how much they won gambling.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

We have a BIG show announcement. Someone says goodbye and explains their reason to do so. A serial killer’s former home has officially found new owners after sitting on the market for months but would you ever be willing to live there? Bobby, Amy, and the show debate how much of a discount it would take to move into a house with such a dark history. A restaurant is making headlines for charging parents who come in with bad kids. Would you eat there? We also played the game, Name that Famous 90's sound.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This Day in Legal History: The Housing Act of 1949On July 15, 1949, President Harry Truman signed the Housing Act of 1949, a centerpiece of his “Fair Deal” and one of the most ambitious housing laws in American history. Its stated goal was breathtaking in scope: “a decent home and a suitable living environment for every American family.” To get there, the Act poured federal money into public housing construction, expanded federal mortgage insurance, and created the urban renewal program to clear and redevelop so-called “slum” neighborhoods.The Act's legacy is genuinely double-edged, and it's worth telling honestly. On one hand, it expanded homeownership for millions and built hundreds of thousands of units of public housing. On the other, its implementation became one of the great engines of racial segregation in the twentieth century. Urban renewal too often meant bulldozing established Black neighborhoods—critics bitterly renamed it “Negro removal”—and the public housing built in their place was frequently segregated by design and concentrated in already-poor areas. Meanwhile the federal mortgage machinery it fed continued the practice of redlining, steering the benefits of homeownership toward white families and away from Black ones.That mixed legacy is why the Housing Act belongs in a legal-history conversation about civil rights. The same federal government that would, within a few years, order schools desegregated in Brown v. Board of Education was, through its housing policy, actively entrenching residential segregation—and residential segregation is what makes school segregation so durable, because in America where you live largely determines where you go to school. The story of July 15, 1949 is a reminder that the law's effects depend enormously on how it's carried out: a statute promising a decent home for every family became, in practice, a tool that shaped the segregated geography we're still litigating over today.Todd Blanche faced a high-stakes Senate Judiciary Committee hearing today in his bid to become attorney general on a permanent basis. Blanche has been acting attorney general since President Trump fired Pam Bondi in April, and before joining the Justice Department he served as Trump's personal criminal defense lawyer—a background that sits at the center of the concerns about him. The confirmation process exists because the Constitution's Appointments Clause requires the Senate to advise and consent on the nation's top law-enforcement officer, and the attorney general is supposed to serve the United States, not the president personally. That tension drove the questioning: senators pressed Blanche on the Department's $1.8 billion “anti-weaponization” fund, its handling of the Jeffrey Epstein files, and its prosecutions of figures perceived as Trump's political enemies, including former FBI Director James Comey and New York Attorney General Letitia James. The significance is about the independence of the Justice Department. An attorney general who was recently the president's private defense attorney raises the question of whether federal prosecutorial power will be wielded neutrally or as an instrument of the president's interests. With a pair of undecided Republicans—Senators Cornyn and Tillis—holding real leverage, the hearing was Blanche's chance to reassure a narrowly divided Senate, and most observers still expect him to be confirmed by a slim margin.Blanche to face Senate grilling in bid to be Trump's attorney general | ReutersTwo U.S.-based advocacy groups have sued the Trump administration, arguing that its sanctions targeting the International Criminal Court violate the First Amendment. The groups—Democracy for the Arab World Now and the Taxpayer Alliance Against Genocide—are challenging the February 2025 executive order under which the administration has sanctioned ICC judges, prosecutors, and Palestinian human rights organizations, and which officials pledged this week to expand. The free-speech theory is the key. The plaintiffs say the sanctions regime is so broad that they have stopped doing constitutionally protected things—filing submissions with the ICC and coordinating advocacy with sanctioned people, like the U.N. special rapporteur for Palestine—out of fear that doing so could expose them to fines or even prison. In First Amendment law, that's a classic “chilling effect”: when a law is vague or sweeping enough that people self-censor protected speech to avoid the risk of penalty, the law itself can be unconstitutional even before anyone is actually punished. There's notable precedent here: a similar Trump order in 2020 was blocked by a judge who found it likely violated the First Amendment, before the Biden administration rescinded it in 2021. The significance is a direct clash between the executive's broad power over foreign affairs and sanctions on one side, and Americans' right to speak, associate, and petition on the other. Three ICC judges have separately sued over the same sanctions, so this order is now being attacked on multiple fronts.Trump's ICC order violates free speech, advocacy groups say in lawsuit | ReutersA federal appeals court has ended more than sixty years of federal oversight of the Concordia Parish School Board in Louisiana, lifting one of the desegregation orders that dates back to the Civil Rights era. The Fifth Circuit's decision hands a win to the Trump administration, which has pushed to wind down these long-running cases—a striking reversal for a Justice Department that spent decades on the other side, fighting to enforce them. Here's the legal framework. After Brown v. Board of Education, hundreds of Southern school districts were placed under federal court supervision and ordered to dismantle segregation. A district can be released from that oversight when a court finds it has achieved “unitary status”—meaning it has eliminated the vestiges of segregation, to the extent practicable, in areas like student assignment, faculty hiring, facilities, and discipline. The dispute in cases like this one is whether that's really been accomplished. Louisiana officials argue the orders are relics of a bygone era and no longer needed. Civil rights advocates and some parents counter that the vestiges persist—in racial disparities in student discipline, access to advanced academic programs, and teacher hiring—and that lifting oversight removes a crucial tool for addressing them. The significance is part of a broader push to close out Civil Rights-era decrees, and it raises a hard question: whether these districts have genuinely outgrown the need for supervision, or whether ending it prematurely risks letting old patterns quietly reassert themselves.Appeals court ends US oversight of Louisiana school system related to desegregation mandate | Reuters This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.minimumcomp.com/subscribe

Youri Tielemans and Karl Darlow are both announced by the club; Orozco could follow as he comes of age. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Since we have VERY bad weather here in GA, we sat down this week to talk about the concert we attended on Saturday - New Prince episode coming on Weds! Our social stuff: Patreon.com/rockandrollheaven Twitter: @rockandrolllt Instagram: Rockandrollheavenlt Facebook: Rock and Roll Heaven Pod Our website: https://rockandrollheavenl.wixsite.com/mysite TikTok: rockandrollheavenpod Email us! rockandrollheavenlt@gmail.com Check out the other awesome Pantheon Podcast at www.pantheonpodcasts.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

How Should God's Children Fast?Strengthening Faith 6 FastingBrian UyedaOriginal Air Date: 2026.07.12We believe The Bible, God's word, is inspired by Him, through the Holy Spirit and is sufficient for everything you need in life – guidance, wisdom, strength, encouragement and HOPE. His word reveals His nature and character and His plan of redemption through His Son Jesus Christ, through whom we can have eternal salvation when we choose to follow Him. We also believe the Bible remains relevant in our world today and its power is experienced when personally and consistently applied and practiced.Part of your journey may include choosing a Bible translation and there are many. To help you choose, it is important to know that a “translation” is word-for-word while a “paraphrase” is thought- for- thought. If you are new to Bible reading or don't yet have one, we offer FREE Bibles that are English Standard Version translation – a very easy to read Bible. Other options are Bible Apps you can download to your phone, or sites like: www.Bible.org, www.biblegateway.com or www.blueletterbible.org.We invite you to join us for weekend services:Saturday Evening at 5:30pm. Question and Answer period after service.Morning Social at 10:00am: A time to connect with others over coffee and donuts.Sunday Morning at 10:30amPromiseland Kids' Ministry: Toddler – Sr. High, Sunday at 10:30 am, offers Christian education and worship for children and youth.If you have missed a message or are viewing from home, you can catch weekend services on our Facebook page and YouTube by going to www.crossroads-ridgecrest.org, or through the church app. We also have podcasts available by looking up Crossroads Community Church - available on several podcast apps.Have a question for one of our Pastors? Submit your questions via text at: (760) 301-4840 for our Ask It! Your Questions Answered segment every week. Watch or Listen what others ask!If you have any questions or would like to make an appointment, please call (760)384-3333 Weds. – Fri. 10am-4pm, text (760)301-4840, or email ccc@ccc-rc.org

... What does that even mean to most people?Getting happiness isn't a thing you get to grab and keep.You gotta ride that wave...We can't depend on people to make or keep us happy.Most people aren't happy with themselves, they fake it with things and titles.Im more than a body, more than an employee and more than a woman...I deserve peace, honesty, love and understanding. Whoever is lying to me about wanting that too will be revealed.My path is clear, God has a funny way of removing people from my life. I just make sure Im good to em before we lose each other. No regrets, I always have my peace.@chanbepoddin@shegetsitpodChan & Pods Youtube This is my last solo ep for this szn, I enjoyed it. Thank you for listening and sharing. Weds there will be a bonus collab. I will be back in late August. Till then, sit tight.Advertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

Bobby reveals some breaking news that we are all shocked and excited by. Amy was just trying to help when she told a kid at the airport to hold onto a pole while riding a moving walkway. The child’s dad immediately told her to stop talking to his kid, making for an awkward moment...and the karma took over! Lunchbox is MAD at the world. Specifically at Abby for landing a gig he thinks he deserves.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Amy shares a major life change in her daughter’s life as she gets closer to moving out on her own. Bobby shared the heartwarming story of his first vacation. Lunchbox feels like he is coming back to life. Morgan shares that she is going to Africa for her honeymoon. We investigate a giraffe hotel and are amazed at how much it costs!See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Bobby shares the bizarre reason that women are selling their used breast implants online. Amy learned a new detail of Taylor Swift’s wedding that she couldn’t believe they did. Bobby says that we lied about something so we have to apologize. We talked about a picture of an “unconventional” baby milestone that has gone viral for all the wrong reasons, with thousands of angry people online saying this is a waste of money. Bobby shares his thoughts on it and why Lunchbox thinks it’s ridiculous. Bobby revealed why he refused to sign legal paperwork that artists have given to him to be a part of something special.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This Day in Legal History: Vermont Bans SlaveryOn July 8, 1777, delegates meeting in Windsor adopted the Constitution of the Vermont Republic—and in doing so, Vermont became the first place in North America to write the prohibition of slavery into its founding law. At a moment when the newly declared United States tolerated and protected human bondage, a small, unrecognized republic on the frontier put a very different principle on paper.The relevant language was striking for its era. The Vermont constitution declared that all people are born equally free and independent, and it provided that no adult could be held as a servant, slave, or apprentice against their will—specifically, no man over twenty-one and no woman over eighteen. It was not a complete abolition; the age limits meant the document did not immediately free everyone, and enforcement in practice was uneven and incomplete for years afterward. But as a matter of constitutional text, it was the first time on this continent that a government's foundational law declared slavery inconsistent with the very idea of being born free.The context matters. In 1777, Vermont was not yet a state—it wouldn't join the Union until 1791—and it existed in a kind of legal limbo, claimed by both New York and New Hampshire and recognized by neither. That outsider status may have given its drafters room to be bolder than their contemporaries. While the framers of the national government were negotiating the compromises that would embed slavery in American law for another four generations—the three-fifths clause, the fugitive slave clause, the twenty-year protection of the slave trade—Vermont's drafters wrote the opposite conviction into their first article.The significance of July 8, 1777 is partly symbolic and partly practical. Symbolically, it established that abolition was not some later invention imposed on a reluctant founding generation, but a principle that existed at the founding itself, chosen by people who could see the contradiction between declaring all men free and holding some in bondage. Practically, Vermont's provision became an early data point in the long argument that would run through the Northwest Ordinance, the gradual emancipation statutes of the northern states, the abolitionist movement, the Civil War, and finally the Thirteenth Amendment. It's a reminder that constitutional law is not just handed down from the most powerful actors—that sometimes the boldest legal principles come from the margins, from a place that wasn't even sure it counted as a state, writing down what it believed the law ought to be.A former Milwaukee County judge, Hannah Dugan, has been sentenced in federal court after being convicted of obstructing an immigration arrest outside her courtroom—a case that became a flashpoint in the fight over the Trump administration's use of courthouses to stage immigration enforcement. Dugan, who is 67 and was an elected circuit court judge, was found guilty of obstructing a federal proceeding, though a jury acquitted her of a lesser concealment charge.Federal immigration agents came to Dugan's courthouse to arrest Eduardo Flores-Ruiz, a Mexican man who was scheduled to appear before her on misdemeanor assault charges. Prosecutors said Dugan directed him out through a non-public “jury door” in an effort to help him avoid the agents waiting in the public hallway. It didn't work—Flores-Ruiz walked through a public hallway with his attorney anyway, and agents arrested him outside after a brief foot chase. But the government charged Dugan criminally for what she did inside the courthouse, and a federal jury convicted her in December.Think about the competing principles colliding here. On one side is the idea that no one, not even a judge, gets to physically obstruct federal law enforcement carrying out its duties. On the other is a real institutional worry that animated a lot of the coverage: if immigration agents stake out courthouses, people with pending cases—victims, witnesses, defendants—may stop showing up at all, which grinds the ordinary work of the state courts to a halt. Dugan's defenders framed her actions as protecting the functioning of her courtroom; prosecutors framed them as obstruction of a federal operation. The jury sided with the government on the core charge.At sentencing, the two sides were far apart. Federal prosecutors declined to recommend a specific term but argued the guidelines called for fifteen to twenty-one months in prison. Dugan's lawyers disputed that calculation and asked U.S. District Judge Lynn Adelman for time served—no prison at all. The significance of the case goes well beyond one judge. It's a marker of how aggressively the administration is willing to pursue anyone perceived to interfere with immigration enforcement, up to and including a sitting judge, and it sends a message to state and local officials everywhere about the personal legal risk of getting between federal agents and their targets.Ex-Wisconsin judge to be sentenced for obstructing immigration arrest | ReutersBayer is moving to bring an end to the sprawling federal litigation over its Roundup weedkiller, following a significant win at the Supreme Court. Late last month, the Court ruled 7-2 in Bayer's favor, and the company is now trying to convert that decision into the dismissal of the failure-to-warn claims that have driven nearly a decade of lawsuits.Thousands of plaintiffs have sued Bayer alleging that Roundup, and specifically its active ingredient glyphosate, caused their non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and that the company violated state law by failing to warn them of that cancer risk. Bayer's winning argument was about federal preemption—the principle that when federal and state law conflict, federal law wins. Bayer argued that because the Environmental Protection Agency has concluded glyphosate poses no cancer risk and requires no cancer warning on the label, plaintiffs can't use state failure-to-warn law to demand a warning the federal regulator affirmatively says isn't needed. The Supreme Court agreed, overturning a $1.25 million Missouri verdict in the process.Consider why this is such a powerful tool for Bayer. A failure-to-warn claim says, in essence, “you should have told me this was dangerous.” But if the federal agency in charge has studied the product and decided no warning is warranted, then a state jury ordering the company to warn anyway would effectively be overriding the federal regulator. Preemption resolves that conflict in favor of the federal standard. The practical effect is that the single most common theory in the Roundup litigation—failure to warn—is now largely off the table in the cases this ruling reaches.The significance is real but, importantly, not total. This should let Bayer dismiss current warning-based claims and block future ones, which is exactly why the company is now pressing courts to wind down the federal litigation, and it's pairing that push with a proposed $7.25 billion class-action settlement to sweep in remaining Roundup users. But the decision doesn't make every claim disappear. Plaintiffs may still pursue theories that don't depend on a failure to warn—like defective design—and the settlement obligations remain. So this is a milestone in Bayer's long campaign to contain its liability, not the final word. It's also a notable example of how federal regulatory findings can become a shield against state tort law, a doctrine with implications well beyond weedkiller.Bayer seeks end to federal Roundup litigation after Supreme Court win | ReutersFederal judges are sounding skeptical of a California law that bans employers from forcing workers to attend so-called “captive audience” meetings—mandatory gatherings where a company shares its views on political or religious matters, most often its opposition to unionizing. The law has already been blocked by a district court, and the signs from the bench suggest that skepticism may carry through on appeal.Here's what a captive audience meeting is and why it's contested. When a union organizing drive is underway, employers have long held mandatory meetings where attendance is required and workers listen to management make the case against unionizing. Unions call these coercive; employers call them protected speech. California's SB 399 tried to ban compelling attendance at meetings covering “political matters,” a category defined broadly enough to include unionization. Judge Daniel Calabretta of the Eastern District of California blocked the law, and his reasoning is the crux of the whole fight.He gave two independent grounds, and it's worth separating them. The first is federal preemption—the same principle at work in the Bayer story. Calabretta found that the National Labor Relations Act, which governs labor relations nationwide, occupies this field and preempts California's attempt to regulate it under the Machinists and Garmon preemption doctrines. The second ground is the First Amendment: he held that the law was a content-based restriction on employer speech, singling out “political” and “religious” topics, and that it couldn't survive strict scrutiny—the most demanding test in constitutional law, which almost nothing passes. In his view, banning all speech on those topics in mandatory meetings swept far too broadly.The significance here is that this is a collision between the labor movement's priorities and employers' free-speech claims, and right now the free-speech and preemption arguments are winning in court. A number of states have passed captive-audience bans, so how the Ninth Circuit ultimately rules—California and Attorney General Rob Bonta are expected to appeal—will shape whether this entire category of worker-protection law survives. It's a reminder that even popular labor legislation has to run a gauntlet of federal preemption and the First Amendment, and that employer speech, including anti-union speech, gets substantial constitutional protection.US judges leery of California ban on workplace captive-audience meetings | Reuters This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.minimumcomp.com/subscribe

Strengthening Faith 5 Serving as Jesus ServedDionne SalmondsOriginal Air Date: 2026.07.05We believe The Bible, God's word, is inspired by Him, through the Holy Spirit and is sufficient for everything you need in life – guidance, wisdom, strength, encouragement and HOPE. His word reveals His nature and character and His plan of redemption through His Son Jesus Christ, through whom we can have eternal salvation when we choose to follow Him. We also believe the Bible remains relevant in our world today and its power is experienced when personally and consistently applied and practiced.Part of your journey may include choosing a Bible translation and there are many. To help you choose, it is important to know that a “translation” is word-for-word while a “paraphrase” is thought- for- thought. If you are new to Bible reading or don't yet have one, we offer FREE Bibles that are English Standard Version translation – a very easy to read Bible. Other options are Bible Apps you can download to your phone, or sites like: www.Bible.org, www.biblegateway.com or www.blueletterbible.org.We invite you to join us for weekend services:Saturday Evening at 5:30pm. Question and Answer period after service.Morning Social at 10:00am: A time to connect with others over coffee and donuts.Sunday Morning at 10:30amPromiseland Kids' Ministry: Toddler – Sr. High, Sunday at 10:30 am, offers Christian education and worship for children and youth.If you have missed a message or are viewing from home, you can catch weekend services on our Facebook page and YouTube by going to www.crossroads-ridgecrest.org, or through the church app. We also have podcasts available by looking up Crossroads Community Church - available on several podcast apps.Have a question for one of our Pastors? Submit your questions via text at: (760) 301-4840 for our Ask It! Your Questions Answered segment every week. Watch or Listen what others ask!If you have any questions or would like to make an appointment, please call (760)384-3333 Weds. – Fri. 10am-4pm, text (760)301-4840, or email ccc@ccc-rc.org

Martyn Parson Weds 1st July 2026 BBR Show #311. On www.bootboyradio.co.uk Please Play, Like, Comment, Follow, Download & Share.

ITS THE WEEK OF THE FOURTH OF JULY AND THE FELLAS ARE HERE FOR A GOOD TIME NOT A LONG TIME! Join the fellas of the Buccateers Podcast as they chat all things sports on this wind me up Weds. These Bucs Vets are fighting for Roster SpotsWhich Vets may be on the Colts? Cubs and Rays stay hot upcoming Buccateers Schedule World Cup Knockout Round Moves on, USA Game NightTeam USA Vs Bosnia Predictions Wrestling Weekend RewindFinal Words and Bread WinnersFOLLOW US ON X: @BuccateersIG: @BuccateersPODYoutube: Buccateers PodcastTampa Tones on X: @TampaTonesRights to the music: Better Days by Roa Music | / roa_music1031 Royalty Free Music by https://www.free-stock-music.comCreative Commons / Attribution 3.0 Unported License (CC BY 3.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/...Music : Roa - Better DaysStream / Download : https://hypeddit.com/r...License : https://roa-music.comMusic By Roa / roamusic

Bobby did something that he has to come clean about. He said if Amy had done this...we would have given her a hard time. He had to get it off his chest even though he worries about us judging him. Eddie shared what they covered with their meeting and a hard truth he had to learn. He gave him 4 steps to become financially independent. Lunchbox is excited because he got a personalized message from his favorite celebrity.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

You can find every episode of this show on Apple Podcasts, Spotify or YouTube. Prime Members can listen ad-free on Amazon Music. For more, visit barstool.link/barstoolyakYou can find every episode of this show on Apple Podcasts, Spotify or YouTube. Prime Members can listen ad-free on Amazon Music. For more, visit barstool.link/barstoolyak

This Day in Legal History: Revenue Act of 1862On this day in legal history, July 1, 1862, President Abraham Lincoln signed the Revenue Act of 1862, one of the most important financing measures of the Civil War. The Union war effort required enormous amounts of money, and Congress could no longer rely only on tariffs, loans, and traditional sources of federal revenue. The act created the Office of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, the direct predecessor of today's Internal Revenue Service.This new office gave the federal government an administrative structure for assessing and collecting taxes across the country. The law also expanded the federal government's role in the financial lives of ordinary Americans. It imposed a 3% tax on annual incomes between $600 and $10,000 and a 5% tax on incomes above $10,000. Although modest by modern standards, this was a major shift in American tax law because it treated income itself as a source of federal revenue.The act also included taxes on goods, licenses, businesses, and other transactions, helping create a broader national tax system. Its purpose was practical and urgent: to raise the money needed to preserve the Union. But its legal significance went beyond the battlefield. The Revenue Act of 1862 helped normalize the idea that the federal government could collect taxes directly from individuals. The Civil War income tax was later allowed to expire, but the machinery of federal tax administration had been built.Decades later, the Sixteenth Amendment would give Congress clearer constitutional authority to impose a national income tax. July 1, 1862, therefore marks a turning point in the legal history of federal taxation and the growth of national administrative power.The Supreme Court ruled that President Trump's executive order attempting to end birthright citizenship is invalid. In an opinion by Chief Justice John Roberts, the Court held that children born in the United States to parents who are undocumented or only temporarily present still meet the requirements of the 14th Amendment's Citizenship Clause. Roberts wrote that the Constitution makes those children citizens at birth because they are born on U.S. soil and are subject to U.S. law.The executive order, signed on January 20, 2025, never took effect because federal courts blocked it while lawsuits moved forward. Earlier, the Supreme Court had limited the power of lower courts to issue nationwide injunctions, but the legal challenges to the order continued through class-based and case-specific proceedings.The Court's majority relied heavily on the history of birthright citizenship, including English common law, the purpose of the 14th Amendment after Dred Scott, and the 1898 decision in United States v. Wong Kim Ark. Roberts rejected the administration's argument that citizenship should depend on whether a child's parents had permanent allegiance or domicile in the United States.Justice Brett Kavanaugh agreed that the order was invalid, but he based his reasoning on federal statute rather than the Constitution. Justices Samuel Alito, Clarence Thomas, and Neil Gorsuch dissented in different ways, arguing that the majority misread the 14th Amendment's history or failed to address important limits on birthright citizenship.Supreme Court strikes down Trump's order ending birthright citizenship | SCOTUSblogThe Supreme Court ruled that Idaho and West Virginia may enforce laws limiting girls' and women's school sports teams to athletes the states classify as biologically female. Justice Brett Kavanaugh wrote the main opinion, saying the laws do not violate Title IX or the Constitution's Equal Protection Clause.The Court was unanimous that the challenged laws do not violate Title IX, but the justices split over the constitutional issue, especially as applied to Becky Pepper-Jackson, the West Virginia student at the center of one case. Kavanaugh reasoned that Title IX permits schools to have separate teams based on sex and that, when the law was enacted, “sex” referred to biological sex. He also said states have important interests in safety and competitive fairness, and that courts should not be required to create individualized exceptions for athletes who have taken puberty blockers or hormones. The decision reversed lower-court rulings that had blocked Idaho and West Virginia from enforcing their bans.Justice Clarence Thomas joined the majority and wrote separately to emphasize his view that sex is binary and biological. Justice Neil Gorsuch also wrote separately, focusing on the idea that Title IX, as a funding statute, must give schools clear notice of any conditions attached to federal money. Justice Sonia Sotomayor, joined by Justices Elena Kagan and Ketanji Brown Jackson, agreed that West Virginia's law did not violate Title IX but dissented on the constitutional question. Sotomayor argued that the Court should have allowed more factual development on whether Pepper-Jackson, who had not gone through male puberty, was actually similarly situated to cisgender girls for athletic purposes.Court rules that states can exclude transgender athletes from girls' and women's sports teams | SCOTUSblogThe Supreme Court declined to hear Cathy Harris's appeal after lower courts allowed President Trump to remove her from the U.S. Merit Systems Protection Board. Harris, a Democratic member and former chair of the board, had challenged her firing under a law that limited removal of board members to cases of inefficiency, neglect, or misconduct. The Court's refusal came one day after it ruled 6-3 that similar removal protections for Federal Trade Commission members were unconstitutional. Because Merit Systems Protection Board members had nearly identical protections, Harris's case was strongly affected by that new ruling.The same appeals court decision that rejected Harris's claim also upheld Trump's firing of Gwynne Wilcox, a Democratic member of the National Labor Relations Board. The Merit Systems Protection Board is especially important because it hears appeals from federal employees who have been disciplined or fired. Harris warned that the decision weakens the board and threatens the independence of the civil service system. Her removal had temporarily left the three-member board without enough members to decide certain cases, though a later Senate confirmation restored a quorum. The ruling may also affect other lawsuits brought by officials Trump removed from independent agencies. More broadly, the decision gives the White House greater authority over agencies that were originally designed to have some protection from direct political control.After FTC ruling, US Supreme Court turns away labor board member fired by Trump | Reuters This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.minimumcomp.com/subscribe

Martyn Parson Weds 24th June 2026 BBR Show #310.. On www.bootboyradio.co.uk Please Play, Like, Comment, Follow, Download & Share.

Joe and Louie take a closer look at what WAR has come to mean in baseball, the recent firings of the Me and Angels, and mid-season grades for the Astros/Angels.Uri Geva of the BV Bombers shares all the details on the barn storming/pop up game Weds. in Caldwell.  Free game.

How Do We Grow Into Christ-likeness?Strengthening Faith 4 God's Word 2Brian UyedaOriginal Air Date: 2026.06.28We believe The Bible, God's word, is inspired by Him, through the Holy Spirit and is sufficient for everything you need in life – guidance, wisdom, strength, encouragement and HOPE. His word reveals His nature and character and His plan of redemption through His Son Jesus Christ, through whom we can have eternal salvation when we choose to follow Him. We also believe the Bible remains relevant in our world today and its power is experienced when personally and consistently applied and practiced.Part of your journey may include choosing a Bible translation and there are many. To help you choose, it is important to know that a “translation” is word-for-word while a “paraphrase” is thought- for- thought. If you are new to Bible reading or don't yet have one, we offer FREE Bibles that are English Standard Version translation – a very easy to read Bible. Other options are Bible Apps you can download to your phone, or sites like: www.Bible.org, www.biblegateway.com or www.blueletterbible.org.We invite you to join us for weekend services:Saturday Evening at 5:30pm. Question and Answer period after service.Morning Social at 10:00am: A time to connect with others over coffee and donuts.Sunday Morning at 10:30amPromiseland Kids' Ministry: Toddler – Sr. High, Sunday at 10:30 am, offers Christian education and worship for children and youth.If you have missed a message or are viewing from home, you can catch weekend services on our Facebook page and YouTube by going to www.crossroads-ridgecrest.org, or through the church app. We also have podcasts available by looking up Crossroads Community Church - available on several podcast apps.Have a question for one of our Pastors? Submit your questions via text at: (760) 301-4840 for our Ask It! Your Questions Answered segment every week. Watch or Listen what others ask!If you have any questions or would like to make an appointment, please call (760)384-3333 Weds. – Fri. 10am-4pm, text (760)301-4840, or email ccc@ccc-rc.org

Bobby talks about the apology issued by Bailey Zimmerman since the charges came out earlier this week. Amy talked about an executive who was fired after a viral video showed her dumping trash out of a Knicks-themed public trash can in New York City. Abby shares the story of getting to see Taylor Swift at a pop up performance last night. We didn’t get to it yesterday, so we did more TV and Movie Reviews on Wednesday. We hear about Toy Story 5, Project Hail Mary and more! Eddie got an alert saying that one of my kid’s identities is in the dark web. Amy is surprised how fast moved on an investment after she texted him an idea about a great opportunity. Raymundo also wants to attend another Pop-A-Shot competition. Is Bobby going to pay for him to go??See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Bobby addresses a listener's question about what we are and not allowed to talk about on-air. Bobby plays a clip of a famous person having a recorded meltdown. The show tries to identify the celebrity delivering the tirade. Eddie and Amy both share their latest parenting confessions that include Eddie turning to ChatGPT to help him with an issue with his 12-year old son. Bobby shares his new way to drop off gifts to friends that have recently had babies.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Eddie’s day started chaotic but turned good. He also has a big meeting today that he’s excited about. Amy’s daughter got a cool new job where she will be helping people! Bobby shares the message he got from the Operations Manager of a restaurant who hand delivered his pizza after a recent mishap. Lunchbox’s kids just got a clean bill of health! Eddie had a great day yesterday, Bobby finished a new show and Morgan is glad she didn’t die.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This Day in Legal History: DobbsOn June 24, 2022, the U.S. Supreme Court issued its decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, a case that fundamentally changed American constitutional law. The case centered on a Mississippi statute that prohibited most abortions after 15 weeks of pregnancy. In a 6–3 ruling, the Court held that the Constitution does not protect a right to abortion. The decision expressly overturned Roe v. Wade, decided in 1973, and Planned Parenthood v. Casey, decided in 1992. Justice Samuel Alito wrote the majority opinion, arguing that abortion was not a right deeply rooted in the nation's history and tradition. The ruling returned the authority to regulate abortion primarily to the states.Almost immediately, abortion access began to vary widely across the country, depending on state law. Some states enforced near-total bans or severe restrictions, while others expanded protections for abortion access. The decision was also significant because it narrowed the use of substantive due process, the doctrine under which courts have recognized certain unenumerated constitutional rights. Supporters of the ruling argued that the Court had corrected a constitutional error and restored democratic control over abortion policy. Critics argued that the decision removed a long-recognized liberty interest and placed major personal medical decisions under state control. Dobbs also sparked renewed debate over stare decisis, the principle that courts should generally follow precedent.For many legal observers, the case became a defining example of how changes in the Court's membership can reshape constitutional rights. June 24 therefore stands as the date the Supreme Court ended the federal constitutional right to abortion and transformed the legal landscape of reproductive freedom in the United States.New York's Court of Appeals, the state's highest court, has upheld the constitutionality of a law designed to restrict hate speech on social media platforms. The ruling represents a significant victory for free speech limitations in the digital age. Here's what happened: New York passed a law requiring social media platforms to remove or restrict content that incites hatred or violence based on protected characteristics like race, religion, ethnicity, or national origin. The law's supporters argue that online platforms have become the new town squares where public discourse happens, and that hate speech can radicalize people and lead to real-world violence. Critics worried the law was too broad and would violate the First Amendment by punishing protected speech.For generations, the government couldn't regulate speech just because it was hateful or offensive. The First Amendment protected even deeply offensive speech. But online platforms create a new kind of public space where algorithms amplify divisive content, and a single post can reach millions. The question the court had to answer was: Can states regulate hate speech on these platforms the way they might regulate incitement to violence? New York's highest court said yes, the law likely passes constitutional scrutiny.The court found that the law targets speech that genuinely incites hatred and violence, not merely offensive opinions. It's narrowly tailored to achieve the state's legitimate interest in preventing violence and discrimination. This ruling opens the door for other states to pass similar laws. It represents a potential shift in how courts balance the absolute protection of offensive speech against the harms caused by hate speech in the digital age. Tech companies will likely face increased regulation around hate speech, and the definition of what counts as unprotected incitement may narrow. The decision reflects a judicial recognition that online speech operates differently than traditional speech and may warrant different legal treatment.New York's top court says hate speech social media law likely passes muster | ReutersGoogle's YouTube has agreed to settle a lawsuit with a plaintiff rather than face a second trial over questions of social media liability and content moderation. The settlement ends litigation that challenged YouTube's responsibility for user-generated content that allegedly caused harm. Here's the broad strokes context: Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act is a federal law that shields online platforms from liability for content posted by users. In other words, if someone posts defamatory content on YouTube, the person who posted it can be sued, but YouTube itself typically cannot be held responsible.The logic is that Section 230 encourages platforms to host diverse content by protecting them from lawsuits about every post. However, plaintiffs have been arguing that Section 230 doesn't shield platforms from all liability, and that platforms have a responsibility for content they actively moderate or promote. Imagine you own an apartment building. If a tenant commits a crime in their apartment, you're not responsible for that crime. But if you knowingly rent apartments to criminals or knowingly create conditions that enable crime, that's different. The question in social media cases is: When does YouTube's moderation and recommendation algorithms cross the line from passive hosting into active promotion that removes Section 230 protection?YouTube settled rather than litigate this question again, suggesting the company wanted to avoid another trial where a jury might rule against it. The settlement amount and terms weren't disclosed. Settlement doesn't necessarily mean YouTube admitted wrongdoing, but it does avoid a precedent-setting jury verdict that could have limited Section 230 protections. This case illustrates the ongoing tension between platforms' desire to host diverse content and their responsibility to moderate harmful material. As social media litigation continues, Section 230 protections may continue to erode, forcing platforms to be more responsible for content they host or recommend.Google's YouTube settles case over social media harm to children | ReutersA federal judge has vacated (struck down) Trump administration policies that authorized immigration agents to arrest undocumented immigrants at courthouses. The ruling represents a significant limitation on immigration enforcement tactics. The Trump administration issued policies directing Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) to conduct arrests of undocumented immigrants in and around courthouses, even during court proceedings.The policy's supporters argued it was an effective enforcement tool that would apprehend deportable aliens. Critics argued the policy undermined the judicial system because it chilled access to courts. If immigrants fear being arrested when they go to court, they won't report crimes, testify as witnesses, or seek legal protection from domestic violence. They'll be afraid to appear for required court appearances related to immigration proceedings. The federal judge agreed with the critics.The courthouse is supposed to be a safe space where people can seek justice. Historically, both federal and state judges have issued standing orders prohibiting ICE arrests in courthouses because such arrests interfere with the administration of justice. If people are afraid to go to court because they might be arrested, the entire justice system suffers. Witnesses won't testify, victims won't report crimes, and the judicial process breaks down.The judge found that the administration's policies violated well-established principles protecting courthouse access and were an abuse of enforcement discretion. The ICE agents conducting the arrests violated state court rules and judicial orders protecting courthouse integrity. Why this matters: This ruling reaffirms that even immigration enforcement—an area where the executive branch typically has broad authority—must respect core judicial functions. The decision protects immigrants' ability to access courts without fear of enforcement. It may encourage undocumented immigrants to report crimes, testify in cases, and pursue legal remedies. Immigration advocates see this as a significant victory. Immigration enforcement officials may argue it limits their ability to apprehend deportable aliens. The decision reflects a judicial judgment that courthouse access is so fundamental that even immigration enforcement must yield to it.US judge vacates Trump immigration courthouse arrest policies | Reuters This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.minimumcomp.com/subscribe

Hosted by Ryan Smith and Ben Troupe The latest this week from the NFL plus Top Five NFL teams that need to win a Super Bowl THIS season Presented by Keep Pounding Podcast Network, Fans First Sports Network Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Martyn Parson Weds 17th June 2026 BBR Show #309. On www.bootboyradio.co.uk Please Play, Like, Comment, Follow, Download & Share.

How do we build a deeper relationship with God through his word?Strengthening Faith 3 God's Word 1Brian UyedaOriginal Air Date: 2026.06.21We believe The Bible, God's word, is inspired by Him, through the Holy Spirit and is sufficient for everything you need in life – guidance, wisdom, strength, encouragement and HOPE. His word reveals His nature and character and His plan of redemption through His Son Jesus Christ, through whom we can have eternal salvation when we choose to follow Him. We also believe the Bible remains relevant in our world today and its power is experienced when personally and consistently applied and practiced.Part of your journey may include choosing a Bible translation and there are many. To help you choose, it is important to know that a “translation” is word-for-word while a “paraphrase” is thought- for- thought. If you are new to Bible reading or don't yet have one, we offer FREE Bibles that are English Standard Version translation – a very easy to read Bible. Other options are Bible Apps you can download to your phone, or sites like: www.Bible.org, www.biblegateway.com or www.blueletterbible.org.We invite you to join us for weekend services:Saturday Evening at 5:30pm. Question and Answer period after service.Morning Social at 10:00am: A time to connect with others over coffee and donuts.Sunday Morning at 10:30amPromiseland Kids' Ministry: Toddler – Sr. High, Sunday at 10:30 am, offers Christian education and worship for children and youth.If you have missed a message or are viewing from home, you can catch weekend services on our Facebook page and YouTube by going to www.crossroads-ridgecrest.org, or through the church app. We also have podcasts available by looking up Crossroads Community Church - available on several podcast apps.Have a question for one of our Pastors? Submit your questions via text at: (760) 301-4840 for our Ask It! Your Questions Answered segment every week. Watch or Listen what others ask!If you have any questions or would like to make an appointment, please call (760)384-3333 Weds. – Fri. 10am-4pm, text (760)301-4840, or email ccc@ccc-rc.org

We talked about a country banning social media for kids under 16 years ago. We find out from Bobby how he feels about kids being on phones now that he has a daughter. Lunchbox shares his grievances with Morgan interviewing one of his favorite celebrities, Snooki from Jersey Shore. Bobby gives him space to get it all out in the open of why he is so upset. Amy shares the new true-crime doc on Netflix called Maternal Instincts that might be the best one she's ever seen.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Bobby shares why he is facing a crisis right now regarding his family. Amy reveals why she did not respond to Lunchbox’s recent text. We talked about a Colorado teacher fired after students allegedly pressured to kiss classmates in skits. We talked about 3 bodies found in a foreclosed home auctioned to the new owner. Eddie said a country artist texted him and was acting weird. And Bobby tests out a new game on us!See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Amy found a new beauty product that is changing her life. A caller shares his complaint with our Tell Me Something Good podcast and we address it. Lunchbox heard from one of his friends he met while competing on the Price Is Right. Eddie shared how he got a work project that he thought was going to suck and he ended up loving to do it. Bobby shared a cool family moment that happened yesterday.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The new-look Jets front office under GM Darren Mougey is proving hyper-aggressive and analytical, completely reshaping the roster by securing center Joe Tippmann early to beat market inflation. Meanwhile, the NFL is scrambling as elite but embattled quarterback Brendan Sorsby officially enters the July Supplemental Draft following his massive college betting scandal. Join me with my new Sustack newsletter, Jets Underground. Go to: www.JetsUnderground.Substack.com Sponsor Schupak Sports: This episode is brought to you by Schupak Sports. Check out our latest gear and resources for athletes and coaches at www.SchupakSports.com Connect with the Boys Twitter/X: @schupakSports Website: www.SchupakSports.com Support the Show Subscribe: Never miss an episode on Apple Podcasts or Spotify! Review: Love the show? Leave us a review—it helps other Jets fans find us.

Amy has unfortunate news about the health effects of drinking. Bobby has a bizarre way that debt collectors are getting their money and how they are terrifying people. We found out why Eddie might be an accidental millionaire. Amy wants to be authentic about co-parenting and why it’s not always as easy as maybe she has portrayed in the past. Caller Milo in New York called in after having an early 5am drink and Bobby crowned him the caller of the day. He just wanted to talk about Giving Tuesday but we went down a wormhole with him.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Amy talked about a 79-Year-Old Multi-Millionaire who is looking for a younger woman to be in a relationship with and take care of financially. Bobby asks Amy a question that he hopes doesn't offend her. A listener called in to share his frustrations with Bobby and something he said on the show recently. We address his concerns to see if he has a reason to sound so angry. Our voicemails were flooded with listeners giving their thoughts if Eddie is hot or not. The verdict is in! Amy shared tips from a survivor on how to survive a kidnapping.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Yesterday, we got a peek into a day in Bobby and Amy’s life. Today, we get a look into 1 day of Lunchbox’s life. From going to the pool with his kids to going to an end of season dinner with his soccer team. Bobby talked about hanging out with Josh Ross and Shaboozey yesterday. Two very unique experiences and one was very unexpected. Eddie saw an old co-worker on the road and it blew his mind. Morgan’s life flashed before her eyes and she is lucky to be alive.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Bobby is excited that one of his favorite shows is getting a 3rd season. Amy’s dog had an emergency at 2am but she shares why it turned out to be good timing. She was happy to catch this early! Lunchbox is excited for the NBA final starting tonight. Morgan shares an uplighting health update. Eddie shared that one of his old friends sent him a big gift for his kids. Scuba has some great professional news.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Bobby shared what request of Scuba Steve’s he had to say no to. We also get into a discussion of how much money it would take for show members to be the face of controversial products and companies. Amy tells us about the most dysfunctional zoo in America and its crazy history of unfortunate events. Amy reveals why she thought she was about to get punished today. Lunchbox shares why he is mad at Scuba Steve. We talked about cities we visited that we felt were overrated.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Bobby gives an update on his Tuesday of Giving where he goes into his DM's to help people out with money. But one request was way too much. Bobby asks the question: If aliens came down and asked us to show them music, what song would we play them to best represent humans? Eddie said his son had a friend over and did something so despicable while under his roof that he is considering banning him from their house. You’ve probably broken at least one law behind the wheel without realizing it… and some things you swear are illegal are actually totally allowed. Bobby has a list of how many of these driving laws surprise you! Bobby also shares his odd grooming habit that we have questions about...See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Amy shared how she was able to track down a dress that she spotted a celebrity wearing and is going to wear at a big event. But how inadvertently, she may have taken an opportunity from Lunchbox and Morgan. Eddie shared a big moment for his 7-year-old finally learning something. Morgan’s family rescued a stray animal. Lunchbox saved 8 lives yesterday. Bobby is excited for the Women's College World Series and Arkansas making it for the first time!See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Bobby and Amy get vulnerable and go into their direct messages to read the rude things listeners have said to each of them recently. Bobby shares the new team he has invested in that sparks other members of the show to pony up some money as well. Is it real or is Bobby just being scammed now? In the Bobby Feud, can you name the Top 10 most rewatchable TV shows of all-time?See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

We talked about the tragic story of a woman who was killed by a patio umbrella while eating at a South Carolina restaurant. After starting with tragedy, we had to lighten it up. We talked about the weird way a famous athlete uses toothpaste that had divided the internet and a man who claims to be a prophet that tried to part the sea like Moses. Lunchbox brought up a story about Taylor Swift and gave us his rumor report on her and Travis Kelce’s relationship. We get into a discussion about our family’s mugshots and he reveals he has a half-brother?! Raymundo shares why he is upset with Lunchbox for thunder stealing last week. Bobby got a message from an attorney with their advice on what should happen between Lunchbox and Amy’s money issues.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Bobby shared how Baby Billie's first restaurant experience went and how he messed up so bad he had to admit he was wrong to his wife. A listener called in to say how she is so behind on the podcast and wants to know our biggest life updates of the last 6 months. Bobby has a report of all the major life changes of the show you need to know involving breakups, babies and big wins. We celebrate Jon Pardi's birthday today with some of the crazy stories he's told us over the years including the time he got stabbed across the stomach. We talked about a man who won $10 million dollars in the lottery but never told his family. Bobby wants to know if any show members could keep a lottery prize that big without telling anybody.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

One of Bobby’s favorite shows is returning and he’s excited! We get into a discussion of the shows we are loving right now but question their logic. Amy is trying out a toothbrush that is changing her life. Eddie changed a tire all by himself after he felt his son was doubting him. Lunchbox is excited for the Survivor finale. Morgan has an update on her cat’s new friend.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Bobby opens up why he is feeling weird today but hasn’t told anymore. Law enforcement is warning residents to watch for hidden surveillance devices after deputies investigating a burglary where they discovered cameras concealed inside bushes near homes. A listener has a question on why Lunchbox freaks out on celebrities in public but doesn’t pay attention to them when they are in studio and also how he dragged his wife in a comment about not being in ‘high heel’ shape. Eddie said that a higher up saw a workspace of a show member and said it looked bad! Eddie asks Amy to look at his face to see if it’s skinnier.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.