Podcast appearances and mentions of david newby

This episode features five members of the FIJI fraternity at Wabash Greg Bruzas '82, Scott Dreher '82, Joe Pfennig '82, David Newby '82, and Laurent Kahl '82, reminiscing on their history as friends and fraters at the 2022 Big Bash Reunion (Episode 333).

David's story is astounding. The podcast was actually the most incredible episode I recorded in 2022.  Speaking in front of hundreds at Boston's Harvard Club was where the real personal and financial freedom revolution began. He discovered that by revealing almost killing his young son years ago, which had been his deepest secret, he was liberated.Since then, he has continued to share this intimate family story. Since then, David has undergone a transformation into an multibook author and speaker who has had conversations with 117 billionaires about leaving a lasting legacy.  Of recent, he had a vision to tokenize in-ground gold as a means of empowering millions of people after the passing of a close friend. He is currently leading a best-in-class team, has $16.5B of gold under contract with the option to purchase 10 more gold mines, and is currently in negotiations with investors to receive $600M+ in order to buy the gold they have under contract. Contact Info: David Roy's Profilelinkedin.com/in/davidroynewbyWebsitesLegacyBuilders.co (Company)BeyondBillions.com (Latest Book)WisdomToWealth.co (Blog)TwitterDavidNewbyLive free. Get Educated. Master Your Money. Subscribe to our Podcast here! https://investingstuffyoushouldknow.buzzsprout.comYoutube Videos now up as well! Subscribe here:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1kV60Yxx4ntgLqAwOCR1Pg

Join hosts Todd C. Villines, MD, MSCCT and Anna Reid, MBChB, PhD as they take a deep dive into three featured articles in the July – August 2022 issue of the Journal of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography (JCCT). Dr. Villines and Dr. Reid will chat with: Dr. Jiayin Zhang;  Dr. David Newby and Dr. Christoph Gräni.This episode will explore:Increased coronary pericoronary adipose tissue attenuation in diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic controls: A propensity score matching analysisDebates in cardiac CT: Coronary CT angiography is the best test in asymptomatic patientsReproducibility of 4D cardiac computed tomography feature tracking myocardial strain and comparison against speckle-tracking echocardiography in patients with severe aortic stenosisSupport the show

Why do billionaires listen to David Newby? This week's TGIF@Work podcast reveals why David Newby has the ear of billionaires. This week I talk with David Newby, author of Beyond Billions. David reveals why over 50% of estate planning fails and why that is true. You'll discover how to make sure your estate accomplishes what you want it to.

Why do billionaires listen to David Newby? This week's TGIF@Work podcast reveals why David Newby has the ear of billionaires. This week I talk with David Newby, author of Beyond Billions. David reveals why over 50% of estate planning fails and why that is true. You'll discover how to make sure your estate accomplishes what you want it to.

This week's episode features a panel discussion. Please join author Harmony Reynolds, editorialist David Newby, and Associate Editors Nicholas Mills and Sandeep Das as they discuss the articles "Natural History of Patients with Ischemia and No Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease: The CIAO-ISCHEMIA Study, "Outcomes in the ISCHEMIA Trial Based on Coronary Artery Disease and Ischemia Severity," and editorial "Forget ischemia, it's all about the plaque." Dr. Greg Hundley: Welcome listeners to this week's, September 28th, issue of Circulation on the Run. And I'm Dr. Greg Hundley, Director of the Poly Heart Center at VCU Health in Richmond, Virginia, and associate editor at Circulation. And this week, listeners, we have an outstanding feature discussion. It's actually forum where we're going to discuss from Dr. Reynolds two papers pertaining to the ischemia trial. One looking really at the functional importance of stress testing, the other looking at the anatomical importance of cardiac CT scanning. We're going to have two of the associate editors along with Dr. Reynolds, each that handled the two papers and also a guest editorialist that will help put the entire paper together. Well, before we get to that, we're going to start and review some of the other papers in this issue. And let's grab a cup of coffee and get started. Dr. Greg Hundley: The first comes to us from Dr. Maliheh Nazari-Jahantigh from Ludwig Maximilian University in Munich, Germany, and it pertains to atherosclerotic plaque rupture. So the necrotic core of an atherosclerotic plaque is partly formed by ineffective efferocytosis, which increases the risk of an atherosclerotic plaque rupture. And in cell biology, efferocytosis comes from the Latin word effero, which means to take to the grave or to bury. And it's really the process by which apoptotic cells are removed by phagocytic cells. And so therefore, it can be regarded as the burying of "dead cells." Now MicroRNAs contribute to necrotic core formation by regulating efferocytosis as well as macrophage apoptosis. We also know that atherosclerotic plaque rupture occurs at an increased frequency in the early morning, indicating that diurnal changes occur in plaque vulnerability. Now all those circadian rhythms play a role in atherosclerosis, the molecular clock output pathways that control plaque composition and rupture susceptibility are unclear. Dr. Greg Hundley: And so these authors investigated this phenomenon. And what they found, interestingly, their results suggest that the molecular clock in atherosclerotic lesions induces a diurnal rhythm of apoptosis regulated by circadian Mer 21 expression in macrophages that is not matched by efferocytosis, and thereby increasing the size of the necrotic core of these plaques. So clinically, the implications are that a macrophage death clock controlled by mer 21 may enhance lesion growth and susceptibility to plaque rupture indicating that the molecular clock can have detrimental effects under pathologic conditions. And additionally, the molecular clock in lesional macrophages may contribute to the circadian pattern of myocardial infarction, which could be a target for preventive measures to limit the mismatch between apoptosis and efferocytosis and thus reduce plaque vulnerability in the early morning. Dr. Greg Hundley: Well, our second paper comes to us also from the world of preclinical science, and it's from Professor Thomas Braun from the Max Planck Institute for heart and lung research. And this particular paper pertains to pulmonary hypertension. And as we know, pulmonary hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, originate from a complex interplay of environmental factors in genetic predispositions and little is known about developmental abnormalities or epigenetic dysregulation that might predisposed individuals to develop pulmonary hypertension or COPD in adults. So these authors screen a cohort of human pulmonary hypertension in COPD patients for changes of histone modifications by immunofluorescent staining. And also, they developed knockout mouse lines targeting cardiopulmonary progenitor cells and different heart and lung cell types. Dr. Greg Hundley: Now molecular, cellular and biochemical techniques were applied to analyze the function of SUV420H1-dependent epigenetic processes in cardiopulmonary progenitor cells and their derivatives. Well, what did they find? So the investigators found that loss of SUV420H1 in cardiopulmonary progenitor cells caused a COPD-like pulmonary hypertension phenotype in mice, including formation of perivascular tertiary lymphoid tissue, and goblet cell hyperplasia, hyperproliferation of smooth muscle cells and myofibroblast, impaired alveolarization and maturation of defects of the microvasculature leading to massive ripe ventricular dilation and premature death. Dr. Greg Hundley: Now mechanistically SUV420H1 bound directly to the five prime upstream in regulatory element of Superoxide Dismutase 3 gene to repress its expression and increased levels of the extracellular Superoxide Dismutase 3 enzyme in SUV420H1 mutants increased hydrogen peroxide concentration causing vascular defects and impairing alveolarization. So what can we take away, listeners, from this clinically? Well, the author's findings reveal a pivotal role of histone modifier SUV420H1 in cardiopulmonary co-development and uncover developmental origins of cardiopulmonary diseases. And now these results suggest that this study will facilitate the understanding of pathogenic events causing pulmonary hypertension in COPD and aid the development of epigenetic drugs for treatment of other cardiopulmonary diseases. Dr. Greg Hundley: Well, listeners, what else is in, we call it, the mail bag, but some of the other articles in the issue? Well, doctors Varricchi and Wang exchanged letters regarding the prior article, the role of IgE FcεRI in pathological cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. And our own Sara O'Brien highlights articles from our circulation family of journals. Professor Ross has a Research Letter regarding the effects of walnut consumption for two years on lipoprotein subclasses among healthy elders findings from the WAHA randomized controlled trial. And then finally, Dr. Maurer has a really nice On My Mind piece that raises concerns pertaining to the use of cardiac scintigraphy and screening for transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis. And now listeners, we're going to turn to that forum discussion where we have an author, our associate editors and an editorialist discussing two really important papers from the ischemia trial. Dr. Greg Hundley: Well, listeners, we are very excited today to discuss in sort of the forum feature, two papers pertaining to the ischemia trial. And with us this day, we have Dr. Harmony Reynolds from New York University Grossman School of Medicine in New York city; two of our associate editors, Dr. Nick Mills from university of Edinburgh in Scotland; and Dr. Sandeep Das from UT Southwestern; and then also an editorialist, Dr. David Newby, who's also University of Edinburgh in Scotland. Welcome to everyone. Dr. Greg Hundley: Harmony, we're going to start with you. And in the first paper, the natural history of ischemia and no obstructive coronary artery disease, can you describe for us a little bit of the context of what shaped this question for you, what hypothesis did you want to test? And then describe for us a little bit your study population and your study design. Dr. Harmony Reynolds: Sure. Thanks so much for having me here to discuss these papers. I'm really appreciative of the attention from circulation, and I'm excited for this discussion today. So in this first natural history paper, we were looking at ischemia with non-obstructive corona arteries, INOCA, the kind of thing that used to be called cardiac syndrome X. And we know this is an extremely common problem. It's defined by having signs or symptoms of ischemia and no 50% or greater lesion on coronary imaging. And we also know from prior invasive studies that the mechanisms of this are overwhelmingly microvascular coronary disease and provokable coronary spasm. Some patients prove to be normal and invasive testing, but most will have some objective abnormality. Dr. Harmony Reynolds: We know this problem is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events and with high costs, but what we didn't know was whether the symptoms and ischemia on stress testing are tracking together in these patients. So if we're trying to treat these patients, should we be doing serial stress testing and targeting the medical therapy to ischemia abrogation or should we just be making their symptoms go away? And would this provide any long range insights for us into when we can figure out the symptom are truly ischemic in nature? Dr. Harmony Reynolds: So we decided to use the ischemia trial, and we had a fantastic platform for that in ischemia because, as you know, patients were screened in part for randomization using coronary CT angiography. And even though these patients had moderate or severe ischemia, some had no obstructive coronary disease on that CT coronary angiogram. And those are the patients that we enrolled in CIAO-ISCHEMIA. They had an assessment of angina at baseline, and they had to be symptomatic at some point. They didn't have to be symptomatic at the moment. They were enrolled in CIAO, but they had their stress test generally to evaluate ischemic symptoms. And they had their stress echocardiogram read by a core lab. Importantly, that core lab did not know the result of that CT scan. So they read them like all the other ischemia stress echoes. And then these patients had an angina and ischemia assessment with a repeat stress echo at one year. Dr. Greg Hundley: And what did you find? Dr. Harmony Reynolds: There were a number of interesting findings from this study. The first thing was that the severity of ischemia in the CIAO patients with INOCA was very similar to the ischemia patients who had obstructive coronary disease. So that tells us that the INOCA problem can happen with quite a lot of ischemia, and that had not been as well delineated before. Another finding expected, but we did find that is that there were many more women in the INOCA group, two thirds of our child population was female. And in ischemia, overall, it was closer to a quarter. We found that the symptoms and the ischemia were quite changeable. So at one year, the stress echocardiogram was normal in half of the child participant and only 23% still had moderate or severe ischemia. Angina had improved in 43%, and it worsened in 14%. There was an awful lot of change over one year, but the change in angina and the change in ischemia did not track together. And that was a bit of a surprise to me. Dr. Greg Hundley: Very nice. Well, Nick, I know serving it as an associate editor, you see many papers come across your desk. What attracted you to pushing this paper forward for publication? Dr. Nicholas Mills: Thanks, Greg, and congratulations. Harmony, we love the papers you've been sending from ischemia trial, which genuinely is changing clinical practice all over the world. And it's been great to see the secondary analysis and follow-up papers. So this paper attracted me because it addresses an area where I still don't fully understand in clinical practice, what recommendations to make for my patients and what tests to arrange. As you say, INOCA is more common in women. I think these patients have largely been understudied over many decades, and there remains a lot of uncertainty. I liked it because you had a core lab, blinded core lab analysis with systematic follow up and it was a really well-done study. It reassured me in many ways because it told me that actually a lot of these patients, their symptoms get better, sort of irrespective of what we do. The treatments didn't seem to track within improvements of symptom, nor did the severity of ischemia, and that I think provides a lot of reassurance to our patients who are in this situation. Dr. Nicholas Mills: Of course, there is a group there who continue to have moderate to severe ischemia a year later. And I think this trial helps us understand maybe how we should study this group more, understand the heterogeneity that you've observed in this population in order to really try and resolve that and resolve their ongoing symptoms. But for the majority, four in five patients, they're going to do well and they're going to get better over time. And I think that's an important message from this study. Dr. Greg Hundley: Thank you so much, Nick. Well, Harmony, we're going to come back to you. You have a second paper, the outcomes in the ischemia trial really based on coronary artery disease and ischemia severity. Can you describe for us, again, working us back through, what were some of the constructs that you really wanted to address here? What was your hypothesis? And again, how did this study population maybe differ a little bit in this second paper? Dr. Harmony Reynolds: Thanks so much. So this paper tracked outcomes based on the severity of ischemia and the severity of coronary artery disease on the CT coronary angiogram now in randomized patients in the ischemia trial. So all of these had obstructive coronary disease and they were selected for randomization. And the premise of the ischemia trial was partly that we would be able to select patients who might benefit from revascularization and from an invasive strategy really based on how much ischemia they had on the stress test. Moderate or severe ischemia was required for randomization and for entry into the trial, but a core lab read those stress tests independently and independently assessed ischemia. And in some cases, when the site thought there was moderate or severe ischemia, the core lab did not agree. And the core lab independently decided whether it was moderate or severe. So we wanted to understand whether the ischemia severity at the time of trial entry influenced outcomes and influenced the outcomes by randomization treatment assignment. Dr. Harmony Reynolds: Similarly, about half of the patient had a CT that was interpretable for the number of vessels disease. And we wanted to understand in the context of all those prior stable ischemic heart disease trials, showing a lot of heterogeneity by the amount of coronary disease, whether in ischemia as well, there would be heterogeneity of the treatment effect based on how much coronary disease you started with. So the ischemia population, and this is almost the entire randomized cohort, but it's important to recognize for the CT analysis that only about three quarters of the patients had CT. They didn't get a CT, if your GFR was too low or if you had known coronary anatomy. And among those Cts, not every CT is perfectly interpretable for the number of vessels disease. These are sicker patients. These are not the super stable patients who have a low prevalence of disease. These were pretty sick, multi-vessel coronary disease patients, and they couldn't always hold their breast all that well. There was a lot of calcification in these. Dr. Harmony Reynolds: So for example, if there was motion artifact in the right coronary artery, we wouldn't be able to quantify the number of vessels disease. And that left us with a cohort of about half of our ischemia population, but that's still a giant cohort of several thousand patients. So that's how our study. Dr. Greg Hundley: Very good. And what did you find here? Dr. Harmony Reynolds: Here, we found that more severe ischemia was not associated with outcomes. Now that does go along with the COURAGE study in which after you adjust for clinical characteristics, ischemia was not associated with outcomes. But still it came as something of a surprise that even severe ischemia was not associated with a higher risk of outcomes than moderate or mild ischemia. We also found that in the coronary disease group, no matter how you measure the severity of coronary disease, the Duke prognostic index, the number of vessels disease, the segment involvement score, the segment stenosis score, all of these measures were very strongly associated with our outcomes, whether it was all cause mortality MI or our composite. Dr. Harmony Reynolds: When it came to treatment effect, we found that the ischemia severity were no relationship to treatment effect. There was no ischemia subgroup in which there appeared to be an advantage with an invasive strategy. But in the coronary disease group, and again taking into account the caveats of not everybody had a CT interpretable for the number of vessels disease, in those with the most severe coronary disease, that's the Duke 6 subgroup. And they had multi-vessel severe disease, either two vessel including the proximal LAD at 70% or three vessels with 70% stenosis. There was no benefit on mortality. But if we looked at the composite endpoint of cardiovascular death or MI, there appeared to be some advantage to the invasive strategy. Dr. Greg Hundley: Very good. Well, Sandeep, similar to Nick, working as an associate editor and meeting weekly, what attracted you to this particular paper? And why did you want to really see it come forward to be published? Dr. Sandeep Das: So first of all, I want to echo Nick's comments that these are great papers, and thanks very much for sending those our way and letting us have sort of first crack at them before they're released to the world. And I also want to comment on the side that Harmony and her team were just absolutely fantastic to work with in this process. From having been on the other side when you get 300 different comments from the editors and reviewers and you respond to them thoroughly and with grace, that's a feat in and of itself. So I want to shout out Harmony and her team for just being fantastic partners, because really we see ourselves as sort of the author's partners in kind of making the paper as good as it can be as the best it can be. Dr. Sandeep Das: So I'll admit upfront, I think it's kind of fashionable for people to say, well, I knew that this was going to show this, I knew this all from COURAGE, and this is not surprising to me. But I'll admit that I was surprised. And so this has been practice-changing for me, so this whole evolution post ischemia. And I really feel like a little bit of an existential crisis because I'm not sure I understand what ischemia means anymore. You ask me five years ago, I would've been very confident that I knew the answer to that. So you know what, really, as soon as this paper crossed our desk, I thought, wow, this is something we want to keep, this is something that's going to be really important to practice of cardiology. It's going to be really important to our readers. It's a great paper from a great group. This is something we want. So really it was never a question of, well, am I interested or am I not? I was interested from reading the abstract. Dr. Sandeep Das: So the question then became what are the real important questions that we need to sort of tease out and help elucidate for the clinician for the reader? And really for me, the question has always been, is there a subset of people where... So in my heart of hearts, I always kind of thought that burden of ischemia, if there was enough burden of ischemia, that it probably did help to revascularize that, right? I definitely practiced that way, right? There was some sort of number where I would start to say, that's a lot of ischemic myocardium and maybe we need to do something about that. Even though I know my intellectual brain says, no, there's no data that supports this, I really kind of thought it was true. And so Harmony and her team put another nail in that coffin here because it doesn't seem to be true, which to me was interesting and different and practice-changing. Dr. Sandeep Das: So the real questions here were sort of to tease out the interaction between anatomic severity, and we've all known that sort of anatomic burden of disease is proportional to adverse outcomes. That's not surprising. But the question then is, can we tease out a group where there may be benefit to revascularization? So there's a real interesting sort of interplay here between degree of ischemia and anatomic burden of disease. And is there a subset with enough of an anatomic burden of disease where you really may be interested in going after that to improve heart outcomes? So that's what I thought this was really fascinating paper. Dr. Greg Hundley: Very good. Well, David, we're going to turn to you next as the editorialist and asking you to sort of put the results of each of these two studies together. One, kind of highlighting for us how functional imaging might be useful to identify whether ischemia is present or not. And then the second study, really defining for us an association between anatomy and outcomes. So putting these all together, could you share your thoughts with us regarding these two papers? Dr. David Newby: Yes. Thank you. So I think that the CIAO-ISCHEMIA is very interesting, isn't it? And those clinicians were often challenged with symptoms versus our objective tests and trying to work out exactly what's going on, and it is. And such an important group as Harmony says, I can't agree more. We have a lot of morbidity here. As Nick said, I think the short term, a lot of the patients do seem to get better with just conservative management is good, but there's a core group that clearly are a problem. And as Harmony highlighted, you've got people with terrible regional wall-motion abnormalities on stress echo and yet no angina, others with no angina with no apparent difficulty on repeat testing. And then you've got a core group that has both, and it is fascinating to try and unpick that. And clearly, the symptoms are not correlating with our tests, and that's not the patient's fault. Dr. David Newby: And very often, no, no, you're wrong, can we say that to the patient? No, no, the patient is right and our tests are wrong, and we've got to work out how best to manage them. And I have a bit of analogy with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy as well, I think is at play here. I mean, here, you've got people with stable pain. We're not coming in as an acute emergency, but they're having regional wall motion abnormalities at times. They're getting a lot of symptoms. And we see similar things with Takotsubo, which is, I suppose, a much more flurry thing. I know that's something close to Harmony's his heart too. Excuse the pun. But this ischemia relationship, these regional wall motion abnormalities with chest pain, particularly in women, is something we really need to get our heads around and understand what's going on. It just reflects our ignorance, I think, of knowing exactly how to manage these patients. Dr. David Newby: And so for me, ischemia testing is about symptoms. It's about working out what's going on with the patient. It doesn't always give us the answer, but I certainly think that the role of ischemia testing is more about the symptoms. Dr. David Newby: And then when it comes to the second paper and outcomes with the ischemia trial, I absolutely was delighted to see those findings. I have to say place to what my prejudice is, I suppose, as someone that's been working with CT. And I suppose the slightly obvious thing is that the more disease you have, the more you will benefit from an intervention. And plaque and the burden of plaque is critical to that because how do you have a heart attack? Well, you have to have plaque, right? And it has to rupture. So the more plaque you have, the more likely you are. And I think that the analysis is again reinforcing what we've learned from some of the imaging trials with PROMIS and SCOT-HEART. Actually, the more plaque you have, the worse you are. Dr. David Newby: And yes, ischemia predicts risk, but ischemia predicts risk through its association with plaque burden, not through ischemia itself. And what I think we're seeing very nicely being played out in ischemia trial is the risk is definitely much stronger for CT than it is for imaging. And that's very clear, and that's exactly what PROMIS found exactly what SCOT-HEART found as well, and it's a rise robust finding. The interaction with the treatment effect that I find also fascinating and again plays to some of the bypass surgery trials that we've seen, bypass surgery tends to prevent spontaneous MIs and, even in some cases, mortality. And we're seeing trends in ischemia for mortality, can't over call them. I'd love to see what happens in 10 years. But I think in terms of the prevention of MIs, I'm putting all my money in one basket, which is the bypass surgery, 25% of course of patients revascularized that way. I don't believe that PCI is going to prevent the myocardial infarction. So I think all my money is in that box. Dr. David Newby: But it's absolutely fascinating data. It is all about the plaque if you're talking about prevention of clinical events downstream. And I think that's where the dichotomy is, scheme is about symptoms and understanding the patient's problems in terms of symptomatic improvement. If you want to improve their long term outcome, it's all about the plaque, understanding the burden of plaque and what you can do to hopefully prevent downstream event. Dr. Greg Hundley: Great. Thank you so much. And so listeners, we're going to ask each of our speakers today in really 20 or 30 seconds to go through and identify what do they think is the next study really to be performed in this space? So Harmony, we're going to start with you and then Nick, Sandeep and then finish up with David. Harmony? Dr. Harmony Reynolds: Thanks. Well, when it comes to INOCA, I would like to see more studies in the vein of CorMicA. So I'd like to see routine invasive testing to define the underlying pathophysiology problem and then targeted medical therapy interventions, and I'd like to see outcome trials. There's one outcome trial going on. It's a challenge because the event rate, though very important and higher than in the general population for sure, is low enough that these trials have to be quite large, and we look at ischemia with a relatively high event rate. And even so it's a stable population and that had to be large, this would have to be even larger. So we're going to need more mechanistic studies in order to lead to the treatment trials that will really influence practice. Dr. Harmony Reynolds: And in terms of the severity of coronary disease, this is a tough one. We felt like ischemia was a lift, and I'm not sure that there will be another huge stable ischemic heart disease trial. But sure, I'd love to see in people selected by CT for their advanced severity of coronary disease, whether an invasive management strategy makes a difference compared to medical therapy. I don't know that we'll see that one come to pass, but you never know. Dr. Greg Hundley: Nick? Dr. Nicholas Mills: Yeah. I agree. We need more mechanistic research, but I'd like to see more non-invasive methods to understand the mechanistic basis of this condition because CorMicA has caught an invasive protocol for a condition, which we know is benign and who most patients get better without any treatment. I would also like to see randomized blinded studies of treatment effects and because there are too many observational on blinded studies here. And I think the outcome has to be patient-focused and symptoms. Dr. Greg Hundley: Sandeep? Dr. Sandeep Das: Yeah. So everything that's been raised so far are fantastic comments and really on point. For me, I think if we can tease out the population that may benefit to get back to Dave's earlier comment that there's possibly not going to be a little humble here, there's possibly a population that has extensive, extensive CVD that could benefit from bypass surgery. And I think that that hasn't really been firmly demonstrated yet, although it's been suggested strongly. So that I think is an interesting study, and I hope that that gets done as a trial, but I can understand that it'd be a giant undertaking. And then the other thing I think is just algorithmic approaches that are driven by anatomical studies like SCOT-HEART and things like that, where we really try to make decisions based on the anatomical approach and pretend like the last 15 years never happened and that we kind are starting fresh with our best approach to how to treat these patients. Dr. Greg Hundley: And finally, David. Dr. David Newby: Yeah. I'm actually going to agree with everybody there, and I'm rooting for this trial actually because that's the one I want to do is look at advanced coronary disease on noninvasive imaging, irrespective of symptoms. And that's the big call actually if you've got no symptoms to put yourself through a bypass, because it's bypass, it's not standing. Bypass, we need. I'd also love to see some substudy coming out of ischemia. I think you're doing them. I hope you are looking at plaque burden and plaque characteristics because I think that's another level of complexity. We're so obsessed with stenosis, actually. And again, even anatomical and ischemia testing plays to that, it's not just about stenosis, stenotic arteries have big plaque burdens, et cetera. And it's not bypassing them, it's bypassing all the nonobstructive plaque and the obstructive plaque that has given you the benefit of revascularization with surgery. So I think you need to think about a really nice cool trial where we can do that trial even in the presence of nonobstructive disease, but big plaque burden, adverse plaque characteristics, and think about bypass. Dr. Greg Hundley: Very nice. Well, listeners, we want to thank Dr. Harmony Reynolds for bringing us these two really informative studies from the ischemia trial, and also our associate editors, Dr. Nick Mills and Dr. Sandeep Das for providing their perspective and our editorialist, Dr. David Newby, who really helped us organize our thoughts and put both of these two studies into great perspective highlighting in the first that functional testing can really help us identify the presence or absence of ischemia. And then our second study highlighting the association between CT coronary angiography and the identification of the anatomic severity of disease with cardiac outcomes. Dr. Greg Hundley: Well, on behalf of Carolyn and myself, we want to wish you a great week and we will catch you next week on the run. This program is copyright of the American Heart Association 2021. The opinions expressed by speaker in this podcast are their own and not necessarily those of the editors or of the American Heart Association. For more, visit ahajournals.org.

Join us at the Kitchen Island & meet our “Think out of the box”, super Dad, Dr. David Newby, who meets the challenge of parenting with much Joy. His candid comments are Real Talk with no sugar coating. Plus, Sports, getting back to normal & Juneteenth are topics at the Island. So grab your cup, listen in and be inspired! --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/venita-r-mitchell/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/venita-r-mitchell/support

In this episode of the Heart podcast, Digital Media Editor, Dr James Rudd is joined by Professor David Newby from Edinburgh University. They discuss the landmark SCOT-HEART trial, which demonstrated that a CT-guided investigation strategy for chest pain could reduce future myocardial infarction risk. How might this be the case? What does it mean for future guidelines? And should we ditch the treadmill test? If you enjoy the show, please subscribe to the podcast in your favourite podcast app to get episodes automatically downloaded to your phone or computer. Also, please consider leaving us a review if you enjoy the show. It really helps (https://itunes.apple.com/gb/podcast/heart-podcast/id445358212?mt=2). Links to published papers: Original study - https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(15)60291-4/fulltext#seccestitle10 5 year outcome study - https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1805971

Challenges and Opportunities in Large-scale Trials with Prof David Newby

Are you investing and preparing your life to be promoted to the next level? Host Nancy and her Guest David Newby share conversation on End Times State of the Kingdom Address. David Newby is an End Time Revivalist, Author, Global Developer & Life Strategic & Coach.

Dr. Carolyn Lam:               Welcome to Circulation on the Run. Your weekly podcast summary and backstage pass to the journal and its editors. I'm Dr. Carolyn Lam, Associate Editor from the National Heart Center and Duke National University of Singapore. This week's journal features novel results from the NCDR IMPACT Registry that informs us on risk prediction in patients with congenital heart disease undergoing cardiac catheterization. We'll be taking a deep dive into this right after these summaries.                                                 The first original paper provides pre-clinical data showing that delayed repolarization may underlie ventricular arrhythmias in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction or HFpEF. First author Dr. Cho, co-corresponding authors Dr. Marban, and Cingolani from Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute and their colleagues, induced HFpEF in Dahl salt-sensitive rats by feeding them a high-salt diet from seven weeks of age. They showed that susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias was markedly increased in rats with HFpEF.                                                 Underlying abnormalities included QTc prolongation, delayed repolarization from down-regulation of potassium currents, and multiple re-entry circuits during ventricular arrhythmias. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that potassium current down-regulation may lead to abnormal repolarization in HFpEF, which in turn predisposes to ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.                                                 The next paper shows that genetic testing can help to identify patients with pulmonary veno-occlusive disease who were misclassified as pulmonary arterial hypertension. Now, heterozygous mutations in the gene encoding the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II or BMPR2 are the commonest genetic cause of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Whereas biallelic mutations in the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 4 gene or EIF2AK4 gene are described in pulmonary veno-occlusive disease and pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis.                                                 In the current study, first author Dr. Hadinnapola, corresponding author Dr. Morrell, and colleagues from University of Cambridge performed whole genome sequencing on the DNA from 864 patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, as well as 16 patients with pulmonary veno-occlusive disease all recruited to the NIHR BioResource – Rare Diseases study. They found that 1% of patients with a clinical diagnosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension actually carry the biallelic EIF2AK4 mutations. Patients who are diagnosed clinically with pulmonary arterial hypertension, but who had a transfer coefficient for carbon monoxide of less than 50% predicted and an age of diagnosis of less than 50 years were much more likely to carry these biallelic EIF2AK4 mutation. In fact, the diagnostic yield for genetic testing in this group was 53%.                                                 Radiological assessment alone was unable to distinguish reliably between these patients and those with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Importantly, these patients with biallelic EIF2AK4 mutations had a worst prognosis compared to other patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Thus in summary, younger patients diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension but with a low transfer coefficient for carbon monoxide, have a high frequency of biallelic EIF2AK4 mutations and should be reclassified as pulmonary veno-occlusive disease or pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis. They have a poor prognosis and genetic testing can therefore identify these misclassified patients allowing appropriate management and early referral for lung transplantation.                                                 The next study identifies a novel molecular target for the treatment of pathological cardiac hypertrophy. This target is SIRT2 [inaudible 00:04:33] poorly characterized member of the Sirtuin family of proteins, which is a family of class III NAD-dependent deacetylases that regulate metabolism and age-related diseases including diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In the current study, first authors Dr. Tang and Chen, corresponding authors Dr. Chen and Liu from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences in Peking Union Medical College used wild-type and Sirt2 knockout mice, and showed that SIRT2 protein levels and activity were reduced during pathological cardiac hypertrophy.                                                 SIRT2 deficiency promoted aging and angiotensin II induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy, and blunted metformin-mediated cardioprotective effects. On the other hand, SIRT2 overexpression repressed pathological cardiac hypertrophy. The molecular pathway involved deacetylation of liver kinase B1 at lysine 48 by SIRT2 to activate AMP-activated protein kinase sickling, which prevented hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes. Thus, SIRT2 is a potential target for therapeutic interventions in aging and stress-induced cardiac hypertrophy.                                                 The next study is the largest comparison of the prognostic value of coronary artery calcium with functional stress testing in patients with stable chest pain. In this study from first and corresponding author Dr. Budoff from Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and colleagues, authors looked at the PROMISE trial where patients with stable chest pain or dyspnea, and intermediate pre-test probability for obstructive coronary artery disease were randomized to functional testing or anatomic testing.                                                 Their main finding was that these chest pain populations referred for testing had a low event rate and both tests had different strengths. Coronary artery calcium had a high sensitivity for future cardiovascular events whereas functional testing had a high specificity. The clinical implications are that a normal coronary artery calcium score has a very low event rate and perhaps maybe used to avoid further cardiac testing in a stable chest pain population. On the other hand, an abnormal functional test result including information on exercise and symptoms has a moderate prognostic value.                                                 Of note, coronary CT angiography provided better prognostic and discriminatory power than either coronary artery calcium or functional testing. The implications of these important results are discussed in an accompanying editorial by Dr. David Newby from Edinburgh entitled, Can I Have My Cake and Eat It? On that intriguing note, we've come to the end of today's summaries, now for our feature discussion.                                                 For today's feature discussion, we are talking about an increasingly important population that is pediatric and adult patients with congenital heart disease undergoing cardiac catheterization. A little bit out of my usual comfort zone, but then you see, I'm with two spectacular experts today, Dr. Gerard Martin from Children's National Health System in Washington DC, one of the authors of today's feature paper; and Dr. Gerald Greil, Associate Editor from UT Southwestern. Welcome gentlemen. Dr. Gerard Martin:           Thank you Carolyn. Dr. Gerald Greil:                Thank you Carol. Dr. Carolyn Lam:               Gerard, no that would be Dr. Martin. Enlighten people like me who don't think about this every day, why the importance of looking at cardiac catheterization, and adverse outcomes in this particular population? Dr. Gerard Martin:           Carolyn, that's because of the tremendous advances in medicine, and particularly medicine that's dealing with children with congenital heart defects. Cardiac catheterization was once purely a diagnostic study. Now, it's a less invasive definitive treatment option for many of our pediatric and adult patients with congenital heart defects. As you may or may not know, congenital heart defects are the most common birth defects that impact nearly one out of every hundred live births.                                                 As I mentioned, we have these tremendous advances. As a result of that, there are now over a million children living with congenital heart defects. In the USA alone, improvements in care over the past 50 years, there are now more adults than children living with congenital heart defects. Dr. Carolyn Lam:               Wow. Now, I understand. I mean, cardiac catheterization not just meeting diagnostic but therapeutic, and such an important patient population. Tell us about your study? Dr. Gerard Martin:           As we said, cardiac catheterization is now replacing surgery for some of our defects. For some of the more complex defects, catheterization is providing treatments that make the surgery easier. Now in surgery, we've had registries for many years. These registries provided measurement of survival that allow comparison of programs, and we didn't have that ability with cardiac catheterization. The American College of Cardiology developed the IMPACT Registry. That was to solely provide measurements of the outcomes of catheterization procedures in the children and adults with congenital heart disease.                                                 Now, one aspect of the quality of the program is your rate of adverse outcomes; but simply measuring the number of adverse outcomes does not provide enough discrimination to compare programs. I think you can probably imagine that adverse outcomes will increase based upon the complexity of the type of patients you see, or the types of procedures that you might be performing. What we wanted to do was to create a risk standardization tool for our population where we can measure variation and performance between programs. If we can do that, then we can learn from the best performers to improve all the others. Dr. Carolyn Lam:               That's beautifully put. Could you tell us what you found? Dr. Gerard Martin:           Sure. The IMPACT Registry began on about 2011 and has grown from 50 sites to 111 sites in 2017. That's the majority of the sites in the United States that perform cardiac catheterization on children. We have now over 115,000 procedures. What we wanted to do with this is to look at some of the early procedures that were included and to see how adverse events were occurring. When we created the registry though, we used data variables from a previous research study in Boston called the CHARM.                                                 They created a tool to risk standardized outcomes during procedures. They did it by coming up with four categories of procedures, and some four markers of hemodynamic vulnerability. We tested their methodology with IMPACT, and it didn't really performed particularly well. In this study, what we did was to increase the number of risk categories. We took the nearly 200 types of procedures we do in the cath lab and divided them into six categories. We also increased the indicators of hemodynamic vulnerability from four to six.                                                 Now, what I mean by hemodynamic vulnerability? What is the patient's oxygen level when they go into the procedure? What is their blood pressure when they're in the procedure? Do they have one ventricle, or do they have two ventricles? What is the resistance in the lung vessels? All these are critically important. Lastly, we looked at some baseline patient characteristics. In other words, was age important? Sex, genetic conditions, or other comorbid conditions like the level of mechanical support that the patients were on. Then we put all that into our model to see if we could come up with a risk score. Dr. Carolyn Lam:               Right. The final adjustment model? Which factors that they include in the end? Dr. Gerard Martin:           We did find that there are lot of adverse events that do occur. We found major adverse events occurring in about same 7% of our patients. Most common adverse events were bleeding, or rhythm disturbances that require some medicine, or cardioversion during the procedure, or death during the hospitalizations. We did find that these major events were more common in the youngest patients or neonates, children under a month of age, or in patients with genetic disorders, or single ventricle physiology, and also patients that went to the cath lab with their kidneys not working very well.                                                 In the end, we did create a risk adjustment model that included the type of procedure that was done, the number of hemodynamic vulnerability indicators, and whether or not the patient had renal insufficiency, or single ventricle physiology, or coagulation, and we found really good discrimination. Our discrimination had a C-stat of 0.76 in the derivation cohort, and 0.75 in the validation cohort. The slope of the curve was excellent, so we really think we have something now that we can use as a tool. Dr. Carolyn Lam:               Gerald, you're a pediatric cardiologist. Could you give us your perspective on how important these results are? Dr. Gerald Greil:                I think it's the largest and the first study, which kinds of give us a calibration in our field how successful interventions are. How we can make centers better without finger pointing on specific centers, and how to advance the field as a whole? From that perspective, I'm quite excited that the group offered us to publish this paper in circulation. I was kind of asking a question to Dr. Martin because obviously, all essentials are closely monitored. There's obviously data publicly available. Do you think there's a risk that this way to monitor centers within the United States or probably worldwide, that it's potentially preventing innovation or risky procedures? Dr. Gerard Martin:           I think that, that's a good question. I think it's one thing that whenever we talk about transparency or public reporting, it's an argument against it. I think that having a model like this, actually levels the playing field. In other words, centers that are risk averse who aren't particularly innovative, you'll be able to look at those centers, see what type of patients they're doing and look at their adverse events for a low-risk population. Then, you can also look and see some other centers that are doing more complicated procedures, higher risk, and you can see what their adverse event rate is.                                                 Certainly, this is only talking about the adverse events. This has to be put together with the outcome of the procedure. In other words, if you're trying to relieve an obstruction, did you relieve it? Did you meet the intended goal of the procedure? This is only half of the story. The other part of it is, did you get the intended goal of the procedure? When you put the two of them together, perhaps some of those centers that are risk averse have lower complications, but maybe their success rate is lower. This will be able to tell the public everything they know, and they'll be able to tell their providers what they need to know to get better. Dr. Carolyn Lam:               I have to agree. Your paper does highlight, I think. Gerard, just one other question. What do you think our next steps? Dr. Gerard Martin:           The next step is to test the data. We have a new version of IMPACT that has rolled out, version 2 that has new procedures in it. Now, we have to test the data and we actually have to look for variability. Can we see a variation between the programs? Then, once we see if there's variation, if we see there is best performers and those performers that could improve, a question then is how do we take from what the best performers are doing to try and lift those that need to improve up. That's going to be the true hard work for this registry. Dr. Carolyn Lam:               Thank you so much for publishing it with us. Thank you so much audience for listening with us today. Don't forget to tune in again next week.  

YOU ARE LISTENING TO EPISODE 388 WITH David Newby - BioIn the broadest sense, David Newby is a Global Developer. He develops people, movements, businesses, products, services, and programs to advance God’s Kingdom on earth. Some people also refer to him as an End-Time Revivalist. But above all, he is a servant of the Most High God, and allows God to use him in whatever way He pleases.Some of David’s most notable projects include…•State of the Kingdom Address: God’s Wakeup Call to the Sleeping Church (a book scheduled for January 2016)•DGN Coaching (a coaching/consulting business that develops people, brings them into God’s perfect plan for their lives, and helps them have a bigger impact on the world through their work)•National Day of Revival (a day of revival throughout the U.S. to bring people back to God, and back to solidarity as one people to improve the nation)•The Empowerment Zone (a community on LinkedIn where David helps thousands of people around the world become empowered to be more and achieve more in their lives)•Mission 5 Million (a movement that is dedicated to save 5 million children worldwide who suffer from malnutrition) David is continually working to enrich people, and he feels he has been commissioned by God to help usher in the End-Time Revival on earth and help bring about wealth, in the mind, body, spirit, and finances of the Body of Christ.He is also a well-respected speaker, writer, motivator, and leader in the Body of Christ, who puts everything he has on the line to protect, empower, and serve others in the Kingdom of God.David has been featured on a number of radio shows, magazines, blogs, and other forums, including, Build a Better Blog with Denise Wakeman, The Business Makers radio show with Russ Capper, and University of Phoenix’s Alumni Magazine (Phoenix Focus). He has also written for a number of organizations, including CBS, Examiner, and Ezine. You can connect with David on LinkedIn or follow him on Twitter @davidgnewby to find out more about him.

YOU ARE LISTENING TO EPISODE 388 WITH David Newby - BioIn the broadest sense, David Newby is a Global Developer. He develops people, movements, businesses, products, services, and programs to advance God’s Kingdom on earth. Some people also refer to him as an End-Time Revivalist. But above all, he is a servant of the Most High God, and allows God to use him in whatever way He pleases.Some of David’s most notable projects include…•State of the Kingdom Address: God’s Wakeup Call to the Sleeping Church (a book scheduled for January 2016)•DGN Coaching (a coaching/consulting business that develops people, brings them into God’s perfect plan for their lives, and helps them have a bigger impact on the world through their work)•National Day of Revival (a day of revival throughout the U.S. to bring people back to God, and back to solidarity as one people to improve the nation)•The Empowerment Zone (a community on LinkedIn where David helps thousands of people around the world become empowered to be more and achieve more in their lives)•Mission 5 Million (a movement that is dedicated to save 5 million children worldwide who suffer from malnutrition) David is continually working to enrich people, and he feels he has been commissioned by God to help usher in the End-Time Revival on earth and help bring about wealth, in the mind, body, spirit, and finances of the Body of Christ.He is also a well-respected speaker, writer, motivator, and leader in the Body of Christ, who puts everything he has on the line to protect, empower, and serve others in the Kingdom of God.David has been featured on a number of radio shows, magazines, blogs, and other forums, including, Build a Better Blog with Denise Wakeman, The Business Makers radio show with Russ Capper, and University of Phoenix’s Alumni Magazine (Phoenix Focus). He has also written for a number of organizations, including CBS, Examiner, and Ezine. You can connect with David on LinkedIn or follow him on Twitter @davidgnewby to find out more about him.

Tonight we talk to David Newby about his coaching, new book and his many other talents..... David is continually working to enrich people, and he feels he has been commissioned by God to help usher in the End-Time Revival on earth and help bring about wealth, in the mind, body, spirit, and finances of the Body of Christ. He is also a well-respected speaker, writer, motivator, and leader in the Body of Christ, who puts everything he has on the line to protect, empower, and serve others in the Kingdom of God. David has been featured on a number of radio shows, magazines, blogs, and other forums, including, Build a Better Blog with Denise Wakeman, The Business Makers radio show with Russ Capper, and University of Phoenix’s Alumni Magazine (Phoenix Focus). He has also written for a number of organizations, including CBS, Examiner, and Ezine.  You can connect with David on LinkedIn or follow him on Twitter @davidgnewby to find out more about him. 

We discuss the growing effort to stop the rigged corporate trade deal, the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). This deal affects every issue we care about from food safety to the cost of medicines to jobs and wages, protection of the environment, internet freedom and more. The TPP gives corporations more power to sue governments, even down to the local level, and to challenge court decisions if laws that protect workers, consumers and the environment interfere with profits. David Newby of the Wisconsin Fair Trade Coalition and Ruth Caplan of the Alliance for Democracy will speak about communities that are passing resolutions to declare themselves “TPP Free Zones.” And Arthur Stamoulis of Citizens Trade Campaign will tell us about an international day of action on Dec. 3 and what else is being done to stop the TPP. For more information, visit ClearingtheFOGRadio.org.

Poets2 special Thanksgiving show reviews songs, poetry, and prose giving thanks, including an old Iroquois song and the Lord's Prayer in olde English.