Podcasts about Cho

The death toll from the flooding in Texas has surged to at least 108, officials say. Amid the devastation, hundreds have been rescued, and volunteers have joined the search efforts. "We're tired but running off adrenaline, and it's for a good cause in trying to find people and bring some closure to those who may not be alive anymore and so that's kind of where we're at in the search," said Louis Deppe, who joined the search. Deppe got involved after seeing a Facebook post asking for help to find a friend's daughter. "His wife posted and said basically, 'We have an emergency. We need help. We need prayers.' So I immediately called them … and said, 'What's going on?' He said, 'Our daughter's been swept away.'" Deppe and his 25-year-old son immediately drove over to help, saying he understood the feeling as a parent. Oprah Winfrey picked "Culpability" by Bruce Holsinger as her latest book club selection. Winfrey said the novel explores artificial intelligence and moral responsibility, topics many are currently grappling with. Award-winning actor Michael C. Hall joins "CBS Mornings" to discuss his return in "Dexter: Resurrection," the highly anticipated sequel series set in New York City. The show picks up ten weeks after the events of "Dexter: New Blood," with Dexter awakening from a coma and hunting a new serial killer. A Los Angeles festival called Belly Laughs includes headliners Margaret Cho, Kumail Nanjiani, Bobby Lee and Hasan Minhaj. Lisa Ling shares a meal and conversation with Cho and performer Joel Kim Booster to talk about the cultural power of food and humor. To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

What happens when you stop trying to be good at everything and instead design your life around what you're naturally brilliant at?  Today we dive deep into the revolutionary concept of knowing your genius and strategically organizing your life around it to achieve success that only few can dream of - empowered by AI genius.  Breaking coffee plungers might seem like clumsiness, but what if these "flaws" are actually signposts pointing to your natural strengths? The traits that make us "elephants in china shops" in some contexts are often the very same qualities that make us exceptional in others. Those absorbed in deep thinking and pattern recognition might break a few things along the way, but they also see solutions that others miss.  This episode walks you through practical steps to identify your natural talents using proven assessment tools like DISC, CliftonStrengths, and the VIA Character Strengths Survey. We show you how to leverage modern AI tools to create personalized systems that both amplify your strengths and protect you from your blind spots. The goal isn't avoiding hard work, it's ensuring your efforts flow in the direction where you naturally excel.  Drawing inspiration from Yu-kai Chou's framework in "10 Hours of Play," we explore how extraordinary success comes from following your personal hero's journey.  Where are the doors wide open for your particular genius? How can you stop knocking on closed doors and instead find the places where your talents are valued like gold? When you operate in your zone of genius, hard work feels more like play as natural as swimming is for a fish.  Ready to transform your approach to success?  Take the strength assessments linked in our show notes, explore Cho's book, and use AI to build systems that support your natural brilliance.    Text Me Your Thoughts and IdeasSupport the showBrought to you by Angela Shurina Behavior-First Change Leadership & Culture Transformation ConsultantEXECUTIVE & OPTIMAL PERFORMANCE COACH

Wacław Pokrzywnicki z Radia Wnet stracił wszystko w pożarze bloku. – Spojrzałem na Biblię, ale nie zdążyłem jej zabrać. Dach płonął jak sterta siana – opowiada dziennikarz o wczorajszej tragedii.W czwartek około 19:30 w Ząbkach przy ulicy Powstańców 62 wybuchł pożar w kompleksie budynków mieszkalnych. Ogień pojawił się najpierw na dachu, a potem objął kolejne piętra. Płonęły trzy połączone ze sobą budynki ułożone w kształt litery „C”. W akcji gaśniczej uczestniczyło około 250 strażaków z 60 zastępów. Przed północą komendant główny Państwowej Straży Pożarnej poinformował, że sytuację udało się opanować.Wacław Pokrzywnicki, nasz kolega redakcyjny mieszkał na poddaszu tego domu.W pewnym momencie zorientowałem się, że dach stoi w ogniu. W tym samym momencie strażak zaczął wdzierać się do mojego mieszkania przez drzwi – kazał natychmiast wychodzić. Nic nie mogłem zabrać– opowiada dziennikarz.W panice chwycił tylko plecak.Myślałem, że mam w nim dokumenty, kartę, portfel, wszystko, co najważniejsze. Dopiero rano odkryłem, że wszystko zostało w żółtej torbie Radia Wnet, bo ostatnio jeździłem rowerem i tam to wszystko trzymałem. Wszystko spłonęło– mówi.Miał w mieszkaniu wiele cennych rzeczy. Dodał, że wybiegając z mieszkania „spojrzał na Biblię, która leżała na biurku, ale […] eie zdążył jej nawet chwycić”.Spłonęły moje książki, rękopis pisanej przeze mnie książki, pamiątki od przyjaciół, figurki aniołów, różańce… wszystko– wylicza ze wzruszeniem.Płomienie rozprzestrzeniały się błyskawicznie, a dach był jak „sterta siana, tak był nagrzany upałami, że ogień przeszedł w mgnieniu oka”.Wybiegając, widziałem już cały dach w ogniu– relacjonuje.Wacław był jednym z ostatnich, którzy opuścili budynek, sąsiedzi opuścili budynek przed nim.Cieszyłem się, że wszyscy się uratowali. Był krzyk, panika, ludzie zbiegali z walizkami, inni bez niczego. Winda przestała działać, potem zgasły światła. Strażacy prosili, żeby jak najszybciej wyprowadzać samochody z garaży, bo ogień schodził w dół po instalacjach– mówi.Na szczęście – jak wynika z dotychczasowych informacji – nikt nie zginął.Wacław mieszkał w bloku od pięciu lat.To był dom spółdzielczy, 300 mieszkań, ludzie bardzo różni: Polacy, Ukraińcy, rodziny muzułmańskie, osoby z byłych republik radzieckich. Mieszkania były tańsze niż w Warszawie, dużo ludzi szukało tu swojego miejsca. Była jednak duża rotacja lokatorów. Było też wiele problemów – dach przeciekał, mieszkańcy zgłaszali to do spółdzielni. Niestety nie zdążono go wyremontować– mówi.Pożar odebrał mu wszystko.Straciłem całe życie, wszystkie osobiste rzeczy, książki, pamiątki, dokumenty. Ale najważniejsze, że żyję. Człowiek może zacząć od nowa– podkreśla.Choć wstrząśnięty, nie zostaje sam. Koledzy przyjaciele już zadeklarowali pomoc.Od razu odezwali się przyjaciele, zaproponowali, żebym przyjechał do nich. Dostałem ubrania, bo wszystko, co miałem na sobie, było przesiąknięte sadzą. Dziś zjadłem śniadanie i staram się jakoś pozbierać– mówi dziennikarz.Ale choć stracił dom i rzeczy, jedno udało mu się uratować.Chwyciłem tylko różaniec, który leżał na stoliku. I to go, mówi, trzyma przy nadziei– podsumował.

Dziś na pierwszym miejscu stawia rozsądek, choć nie zawsze tak było, o czym #bezlukru opowiada nam kolejny gość naszej audycji. Choćby sprzedaż za granicą - rozpoczynał ją wiele lat temu wyłącznie oportunistycznie, na wyjątkowo wymagających rynkach w Singapurze, Australii i w Stanach Zjednoczonych jednocześnie. Jego droga, pomimo przeżycia dwóch dużych kryzysów, może być inspiracją, a swoją determinacją, zaangażowaniem i energią, z pewnością mógłby obdzielić wielu z nas.Marcin Joka, co-founder i CEO spółki Photon Education opowie nam o swoich doświadczeniach w roli przedsiębiorcy. I nie tylko. Czego jeszcze dowiesz się z dzisiejszej premiery?✅ Dlaczego nie warto się przywiązywać do pierwszego pomysłu?✅ Kiedy i w jakich okolicznościach Marcin przekonał się, że w spółce nie musi być Prezesa?✅ Dlaczego kampania firmy Photona na Kickstarterze była bardzo stresująca mimo sukcesu, jaki tam odniosła?✅ Co jest najważniejszą umiejętnością w biznesie według naszego gościa i dlaczego powinno się zawsze robić to, co się deklaruje?✅ Dlaczego firm się nie sprzedaje, tylko kupuje i jaka jest różnica?Swego rodzaju paradoksem jest, że nasz rozmówca właśnie dziś, po dziesięciu, intensywnych latach w biznesie, z perspektywami na budowę dużej, globalnej spółki, licznymi podróżami i tysiącami odbytych rozmów oraz kontaktów, najbardziej odczuwa tzw. “samotność przedsiębiorcy”. Jak poradzi sobie z kolejnym wyzwaniem? Koniecznie wysłuchaj tej rozmowy ▶️

[AUTOPROMOCJA] Pełnej wersji podcastu posłuchasz w aplikacji Onet Audio W najnowszym odcinku „Naczelnych” Andrzej Stankiewicz w zastępstwie Bartosza Węglarczyka rozkłada na czynniki pierwsze polityczne trzęsienie ziemi, które przetacza się przez polską scenę polityczną w ostatnich tygodniach.   Na pierwszy ogień nasi Naczelni wzięli kongres Prawa i Sprawiedliwości, na którym Jarosław Kaczyński po raz siódmy został wybrany prezesem partii. Choć wynik nie zaskakuje, to liczba wiceprezesów (aż 11!) oraz zaskakujące roszady – jak degradacja Mariusza Kamińskiego i awans Przemysława Czarnka – otwierają pole do spekulacji. Czy to próba konsolidacji władzy, czy raczej zabezpieczenie się przed wewnętrzną konkurencją? Andrzej Stankiewicz nie ma wątpliwości: Jarosław Kaczyński nie odda władzy, bo PiS to jego życiowy projekt. Porównania do papieża, arcybiskupa, a nawet zakonu PC nie są przypadkowe – prezes rządzi nie tylko partią, ale i całym obozem prawicy, trzymając w szachu Mateusza Morawieckiego, Beatę Szydło, Zbigniewa Ziobrę i Przemysława Czarnka.   Jednocześnie na horyzoncie rośnie realne zagrożenie – Konfederacja. Tomasz Sekielski i Andrzej Stankiewicz analizowali, jak ugrupowanie Sławomira Mentzena i Krzysztofa Bosaka przejęło młodych wyborców, zdominowało media społecznościowe i stało się nieusuwalnym elementem prawicowego krajobrazu. Jarosław Kaczyński, który przez lata marginalizował Konfederację, dziś musi liczyć się z jej siłą – i próbować ją rozbić od środka.   W drugiej części odcinka prowadzący przyglądali się kondycji rządu po przegranych wyborach prezydenckich. Andrzej Stankiewicz obserwując działania koalicji rządzącej nie wie, jaki jest program rządu i jakie wnioski wyciągnęli po przegranych wyborach prezydenckich. Czy koalicja rządząca jest w stanie utrzymać poparcie tych 10 milionów wyborców Rafała Trzaskowskiego? Lewica mówi, realizujmy program lewicowy, ale najbardziej lewicowy polityk Platformy Obywatelskiej, czyli Rafał Trzaskowski, jednak przegrał wybory. Dla PSL- u z kolei to jest dowód na to, że trzeba zabiegać o wyborców konserwatywnych, bo akurat tak im wyszło w analizach, bo oni widzą w tym swojej szansę wewnątrz koalicji. Sama rekonstrukcja rządu jest mało istotna dla wyborców, kto zostanie odwołany, kto będzie w nowym rządzie, to nie ma znaczenia. Dla ludzi liczy się to, jakie projekty są realizowane i co z tego dla nich będzie wynikać.    Nie zabrakło też tematu, który zdominował dyskusję w weekend, migracja i granica z Niemcami. Konfederacja skutecznie narzuca narrację o „potopie imigrantów”, a rząd – jak zauważają prowadzący – przesypał weekendy, zamiast reagować obrazem i działaniem. Premier Donald Tusk, który kiedyś wygrał kampanię na antyimigracyjnych hasłach, dziś wydaje się nie nadążać za dynamiką mediów społecznościowych. Andrzej Stankiewicz próbował w niedzielę ustalić, jak wyglądają statystyki, jeśli chodzi o to, ilu przyjechało z Niemiec cudzoziemców, ilu za rządów PiS- u, ile teraz, na koniec, gdzie trafiają ci migranci?. Znając osoby odpowiedzialne za te zagadnienia, również polityków, nie był w stanie nic ustalić, bo.... weekend. Do 2027 roku nie ma wolnych od polityki weekendów.   Na koniec – z przymrużeniem oka – rozmowa o książce Andrzeja Dudy i apel o publikację do... Agaty Kornhauser-Dudy. Bo skoro już prezydent pisze, to może i pierwsza dama powinna?   Zapraszamy na kolejny odcinek Naczelnych oraz zachęcamy do oglądania podcastu w każdy poniedziałek o godz. 19.00 na stronie Onetu, a także słuchania w aplikacji Onet Audio. Zapraszamy również do pisania do Naczelnych na adres naczelni@onet.pl.

Choć różniło ich wiele, jednoczył ich Chrystus i to, że traktowali go tak poważnie jak tylko to możliwe

Wszystko wskazuje na to, że za kilka dni nieuznawana przez obóz władzy Izba Kontroli Nadzwyczajnej i Spraw Publicznych Sądu Najwyższego uzna ważność wyborów prezydenckich. A wtedy Szymon Hołownia zwoła na 6 sierpnia Zgromadzenie Narodowe, na którym swoje ślubowanie złoży Karol Nawrocki. Nie będzie masowego ponownego przeliczania głosów — chyba, że bardziej zdecydowany ruch wykona prokuratura Adama Bodnara. Sąd Najwyższy kierowany przez przyjaciółkę prezydenta Małgorzatę Manowską w sprawie nieprawidłowości wyborczych podgrzewa nastroje, zamiast je tonować. Finał będzie taki, że ci, którzy wierzą, że w trakcie wyborów doszło do fałszerstw, już nigdy nie dadzą się przekonać, że było inaczej. Część najtwardszych wyborców obozu władzy wsłuchuje się w głos Romana Giertycha, który nawołuje do radykalnych ruchów włącznie z ogłoszeniem 6 sierpnia przerwy w trakcie Zgromadzenia Narodowego — po to, by nie organizować zaprzysiężenia Nawrockiego. Hołownia twardo mówi, że Nawrockiego zaprzysięgnie — odcinając się od Giertycha, swego dawnego sojusznika. A Donald Tusk się miota. Z jednej strony wzywa liderów koalicji do jedności i „przyzwoitego zachowania”. Choć nie do tłumaczy, o co dokładnie chodzi, to jeszcze kilka dni temu wspierał zwolenników tezy o przekrętach wyborczych, choć nie przesądzał o ich skali. Z drugiej strony — Tusk mówi, że nieprawidłowości nie wpłynęły na wynik wyborów, czyli zgadza się z neoizbą Sądu Najwyższego i z Hołownią, który chce odebrać ślubowanie od Nawrockiego. Zresztą premier ma teraz jeszcze inne problemy. Rekonstrukcja rządu się ślimaczy, co powoduje, że mniejsi koalicjanci znowu zaczynają ze sobą walczyć – i to nie o program, tylko o stołki. Skoro Lewica chce odebrać Hołowni fotel marszałka Sejmu, to Polska 2050 domaga się w zamian oddania przez Lewicę fotela wicepremiera. Zupełnie inne, euforyczne nastroje panują po drugiej stronie sceny politycznej. Jarosław Kaczyński kolejny raz został wybrany na prezesa PiS — co potwierdza, że tak naprawdę będzie dożywotnim liderem partii. Z kolei żegnający się ze stanowiskiem głowy państwa prezydent Andrzej Duda napisał książkę. Mamy nadzieję, że umieścił w niej kilka swoich przednich dowcipów, którymi nie zdążył nas uraczyć przez dekadę.

Choć czerwiec 2025 zapamiętamy w branży gier głównie ze względu na premierę Nintendo Switch 2, staraliśmy się na moment zapomnieć o Mario Kart World (co nie było takie proste) i obejrzeć przynajmniej część tegorocznych streamów pod banderą Summer Game Fest. Pokazano na nich setki różnorodnych gier twórców małych i dużych z całego świata. Wiele z nich zapowiada się smakowicie, nie zabrakło też pozytywnych niespodzianek. Wybraliśmy więc te, które najbardziej przykuły naszą uwagę i zgodnie z tradycją umieściliśmy w naszym podsumowaniu. W tym roku nieco skromnym, bo skupiającym się głównie wokół...Przeczytaj całość

W sobotę w Przysusze odbędzie się kongres Prawa i Sprawiedliwości – wydarzenie formalnie wyborcze, a w rzeczywistości kluczowe dla układu sił wewnątrz partii. Jarosław Kaczyński zamierza ubiegać się o reelekcję na funkcję prezesa i – jak mówi dziennikarz Radia Wnet Łukasz Jankowski – „nie będzie miał konkurenta”.Jarosław Kaczyński wystartuje raz jeszcze i wydaje się, że nie będzie miał konkurenta. Gdyby był inny wynik wyborczy, to być może kandydatów na prezesa partii byłoby więcej. Teraz jest prawie pewne, że nikt inny nie wystartuje– podkreśla Jankowski.Choć formalnie kongres nie ma charakteru programowego, a dotyczy przede wszystkim wyboru nowych władz partii, jego stawka jest znacznie większa. To wewnętrzne przetasowanie, w którym znaczenie będą miały zarówno osobiste ambicje, jak i układ frakcyjny.Wydaje się przede wszystkim pod tym względem, że się policzą frakcje w Prawie i Sprawiedliwości. (...) Wybieramy nowe władze: najpierw prezesa, Radę Polityczną, a potem z tego komitet polityczny i wiceprezesi. I chyba ten ostatni punkt budzi największe emocje– mówi Jankowski.Obecnie PiS ma aż dziewięciu wiceprezesów – ich liczba może się jednak zwiększyć. Według doniesień, stanowiska mają stracić m.in. Mariusz Kamiński i Antoni Macierewicz. Ale są też inne scenariusze.Są takie głosy, że nikt ze starych nie straci, tylko dołoży się nowych, a więc tych wiceprezesów zamiast dziewięciu będzie może trzynastu, może dwunastu, a może i czternastu. Tak czy inaczej, stanie się to ciało jeszcze szersze, czyli mające mniejsze znaczenie– komentuje.Na pierwszy plan wysuwa się walka o pozycję numer dwa – między Mateuszem Morawieckim a Przemysławem Czarnkiem.Jego [Morawieckiego] challengerem będzie Przemysław Czarnek, który bardzo wiceprezesem PiS chce zostać. Dla niego to będzie awans ze zwykłego szeregowego członka właśnie na wiceprezesa – mówi Jankowski. – To jest jakaś odskocznia wewnątrz partii, potem do ewentualnych funkcji już po zmianie władzy, na którą Prawo i Sprawiedliwość bardzo liczy po wyborach prezydenckich– dodaje.W tle rozgrywa się także personalna batalia o kancelarię prezydenta elekta Karola Nawrockiego. Jak przypomina Jankowski, Nawrocki miał zaproponować Czarnkowi funkcję szefa swojej kancelarii, ale pod warunkiem rezygnacji z funkcji w partii. Czarnek miał nie przyjąć tych warunków.Jeśli miałby wybierać między zarządzaniem strukturami PiS na Lubelszczyźnie i funkcją wiceprezesa partii a fotelem szefa kancelarii Karola Nawrockiego – wybierze to pierwsze. Wybierze partię– relacjonuje Jankowski.Na kongresie mają pojawić się także nowe twarze – mniej znane publicznie, ale lojalne wobec Kaczyńskiego. Mówi się m.in. o Joannie Krupce i Annie Bartuś.To raczej politycy, którzy nie są znani z przebojowości medialnej ani z zarzucania partii nowymi pomysłami, ale są bardzo lojalni wobec Jarosława Kaczyńskiego– podkreśla dziennikarz.W tle kongresu pojawiają się spekulacje o możliwych ruchach frakcji – zwłaszcza związanych z Mateuszem Morawieckim – oraz o rosnącym znaczeniu Konfederacji. To właśnie Przemysław Czarnek, zdaniem Jankowskiego, ma dobre relacje z tą formacją – w przeciwieństwie do byłego premiera.Czarnek ma bardzo dobre relacje z Konfederacją, a tego nie może powiedzieć o sobie Mateusz Morawiecki. (...) Konfederacja i jej wzrost trochę obniża rangę polityczną Mateusza Morawieckiego w Prawie i Sprawiedliwości– ocenia Jankowski.Choć kongres nie przyniesie rewolucji programowych, to – jak podsumowuje dziennikarz – będzie ważny „pod względem życia partyjnego, kto ile ma szabel i w którą stronę zmierza Prawo i Sprawiedliwość”.

W grudniu 2010 roku 14-letni Alex Crain zszokował społeczność Naples na Florydzie, gdy z zimną krwią zastrzelił swoich rodziców w ich własnym domu. Choć na pierwszy rzut oka był cichym, sympatycznym chłopcem, za zamkniętymi drzwiami rozgrywał się dramat – surowe wychowanie, konflikty rodzinne i narastające napięcie, które doprowadziły do tragedii.

Pełnej wersji podcastu posłuchasz w aplikacji Onet Audio. W najnowszym specjalnym wydaniu podcastu Raport Międzynarodowy gościem Witolda Jurasza jest Łukasz Gadzała, dziennikarz Onetu i autor książki „Zagubiony hegemon. Zmarnowana szansa Ameryki i rewolucja Trumpa”. Według głównej tezy autora Ameryka jest nie tyle zagubiona, ile zwyczajnie ponosi konsekwencje swojej nieroztropnej polityki zagranicznej po zakończeniu zimnej wojny. Przez 35 lat USA podejmowały decyzje dyktowane krótkowzrocznym interesem, ignorując jednocześnie dalekosiężne i potencjalnie bolesne skutki.   Być może najdotkliwszym przykładem owej krótkowzroczności była wojna w Iraku uznawana za punkt zwrotny w najnowszej polityce Stanów zjednoczonych - moment przesilenia. Choć militarnie Amerykanie szybko obalili reżim Saddama Husajna, to całkowicie zawiedli na linii budowania stabilnego państwa. Decyzje takie jak rozwiązanie armii irackiej i delegalizacja partii Baas doprowadziły do chaosu i wzrostu siły Iranu w regionie. Interwencja pokazała, że USA przeceniły swoją siłę i zignorowały konsekwencje geopolityczne. Według Łukasza Gadzały Irak był początkiem erozji amerykańskiego przywództwa i jednym z powodów późniejszego sukcesu Donalda Trumpa.   Łukasz Gadzała zwraca uwagę, że świat stał się bardziej złożony, a hegemon nie jest w stanie egzekwować porządku w takim stopniu jak niegdyś. Ameryka wciąż pozostaje światową potęgą, ale coraz częściej działa nieodpowiedzialnie, co prowadzi do globalnej destabilizacji. Autor przywołuje ideę koncertu mocarstw jako realistycznego modelu utrzymania równowagi. Krytykuje myślenie o globalnej dominacji jako obowiązku moralnym.   Witold Jurasz i Łukasz Gadzała analizują również wpływ neokonserwatystów na politykę USA po 2001 roku. Jaki był ich udział w narodzinach współczesnego populizmu i dojściu Donalda Trumpa do władzy. Tryumf środowiska MAGA jest skutkiem wieloletnich błędów elit – zarówno w polityce zagranicznej, jak i wewnętrznej. Błędy te podsycały od lat przekonanie przeciętnego Amerykanina o byciu porzuconym przez własne państwo.   W rozmowie poruszona zostaje również kwestia rozszerzenia NATO i jego wpływu na relacje z Rosją. Gadzała zauważa, że proces zwiększania strefy wpływów Sojuszu Północnoatlantyckiego nie był od początku przesądzony i wywołał realne obawy w Moskwie. Obawy będące doskonałym paliwem dla rosyjskich polityków o neoimperialnych ambicjach. Z punktu widzenia USA rozszerzanie NATO było korzystne ekonomicznie i strategicznie, ale także niosło ryzyko eskalacji napięć z Rosją. 

Last time we spoke about the victory at Okinawa.. As American forces led by General Buckner advanced, they captured strategic key points, driving the Japanese into a desperate retreat. Despite overwhelming odds, the remaining Japanese defenders, embodying the samurai spirit, fought to the bitter end, hoping to gain time for their homeland's defenses. On June 21, faced with inevitable defeat, Generals Ushijima and Cho chose to commit seppuku in honor of their duty. Their tragic decision underscored the deep commitment to their cause, an adherence to the warrior code. By this point, countless Japanese soldiers surrendered, acknowledging the futility of their fight. As the month drew to a close, the Americans secured Okinawa, a hard-won victory shadowed by staggering casualties, more than 107,000 Japanese lives lost and significant American losses. This battle not only symbolized the relentless spirit of those who fought but also the tragic costs of war, forever etched in history as a vivid reminder of sacrifice and the haunting price of conflict. This episode is Liberation of Luzon Welcome to the Pacific War Podcast Week by Week, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about world war two? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on world war two and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel you can find a few videos all the way from the Opium Wars of the 1800's until the end of the Pacific War in 1945.  For most, the battle of Okinawa basically ends the Pacific War, but the truth is the war was raging all over the place. The second most noticeable place would be Luzon, where the remnants of General Yamashit'as 14th Area Army were still resisting in the northern and eastern mountain ranges. Yet here too, the curtains were beginning to fall. As we last left off, it was mid-April 1945, and the fierce struggle for the liberation of Luzon was reaching a critical phase. General Eichelberger's 8th Army was actively engaged in offensives across the Visayas and Mindanao, while General Krueger's 6th Army focused its might on two primary sectors in Luzon. The stakes were high, the liberation of Luzon was crucial for securing Manila and restoring the Filipino government that had been disrupted by the war. In the northern sector, General Swift's 1st Corps was grappling with General Yamashita's formidable Shobu Group, who were entrenched in this mountainous terrain, making the fighting particularly arduous. Meanwhile, General Hall's 11th Corps was applying relentless pressure on the opposing Shimbu Group, led by General Yokoyama, in the vital areas east of Manila. Starting in the northern reaches of Luzon, we find General Clarkson's 33rd Division making tangible advances, having secured Route 11 up to Camp 3, as well as segments of the Galiano Road and the Tuba Trail. This area, known for its treacherous paths and thick jungle, posed significant challenges, but the troops pressed on. Northward, General Beightler's 37th Division was also on the move, with its 129th Regiment overcoming all enemy resistance along Route 9, reaching the critical town of Sablan by April 14. Not to be overlooked, Colonel Volckmann's guerrilla 121st Regiment had carved a path up Route 4 to the strategically important Bessang Pass, known for its rugged terrain that offers a natural defense. General Mullins' 25th Division was making notable progress towards Balete Pass, gaining crucial footholds on Crump Hill and Myoko Ridge. These positions were essential as they provided elevated vantage points over the surrounding valleys. On the western front, General Gill's 32nd Division had successfully secured the western Salacsac Pass but still faced stiff enemy positions in the eastern pass, where Japanese forces were well-prepared to defend. With the arrival of the bulk of the 37th Division in early April, Swift was poised to launch a dynamic two-division drive towards Baguio, a city nestled in the mountains that had become a strategic goal due to its position and resources. While Clarkson's units continued to engage in patrol actions in the Arboredo, Agno, and Ambayabang River valleys, there was limited progress in these areas. However, the 129th Regiment initiated a decisive attack on Sablan on April 11, successfully breaching Japanese defenses there by April 14. On that pivotal day, the 148th Regiment took charge of securing Route 9 through Calot, a vital corridor for advancing troops. Meanwhile, the 130th Regiment encountered fierce resistance as it pushed west of Asin along the Galiano Road, exemplifying the tenacity of Japanese forces determined to hold their ground. As the battle raged, General Yamashita was already strategizing to evacuate Baguio. By April 19, he made the decision to relocate to the Bambang front, leaving Major-General Utsunomiya Naokata, one of his trusted chiefs of staff, in command of the remaining forces.  Despite the growing pressure on Route 9, the Japanese command seemed out of touch by the second week of April 1945. They inaccurately assessed that the primary thrust of General Swift's 1st Corps would come along Route 11, allowing them to become complacent. This misplaced confidence led to a failure to redeploy troops to counter the increasing threat on their right flank. Instead of fortifying their defenses, they appeared to adopt an inexplicable, almost defeatist attitude, unusual for a military as disciplined as the Imperial Japanese Army. Compounding this lack of urgency was the intense effort from the 14th Area Army headquarters to evacuate civilians and supplies from Baguio, a city perched high in the Cordillera Central mountain range. This evacuation served as a clear signal that the situation was deteriorating, yet the Japanese command remained strangely passive. Yamashita's mindset regarding the unfolding crisis was evident when he made personal preparations to depart for the Bambang front on April 19. In a move echoing his earlier strategy for the Bambang area, he established an independent command for the Baguio front before his departure. Utsunomiya's responsibilities also included nominal command over the 19th Division, stationed north of Baguio, but his control was hampered by significant communication difficulties that plagued the Japanese forces. The first notable action Utsunomiya took was to relieve the 58th Independent Mixed Brigade from the 23rd Division's control, seeking to streamline command. Under Yamashita's directive to hold Baguio for as long as possible before retreating to a new defensive line, Utsunomiya issued an order for all troops along the existing Main Line of Resistance  "hold out to the last man." His tone betrayed the grim reality, coming across as almost ironic given the mounting pressures they faced. Meanwhile, General Sato's 58th Independent Mixed Brigade was frantically working to fortify defenses along Route 9, southeast of Calot. However, their efforts came too late to prevent the 148th Regiment from swiftly capturing Yagyagan on April 15, gaining a crucial foothold in the area. In response to this setback, Sato began sending reinforcements to the Irisan Gorge starting April 16, apparently under Utsunomiya's orders. This narrow, treacherous gorge, surrounded by steep cliffs, was seen as a pivotal point for a last-ditch defense. The Japanese troops managed to repel the initial assaults from the 148th Regiment on April 17, but as night fell, the Americans executed a series of enveloping maneuvers, ultimately securing Ridge A. The following morning, the 148th seized Ridge C; however, their frontal assaults against Ridge B were met with fierce resistance and ended in failure. On April 19, the tide began to turn. After a devastating air strike and concentrated artillery fire that neutralized most of the Japanese positions on Ridge F, the Americans finally captured Ridge B. Concurrently, other American units seized Hills D and E, effectively cutting off the Japanese retreat route. The relentless pressure continued, and the next day, Ridges F and G were subjected to intense attacks, which ultimately resulted in their capture. This relentless campaign forced the Japanese to withdraw to Ridge H, where they continued to regroup. After heavy bombardment, the Irisan Gorge was finally cleared on April 21, sending the surviving defenders scrambling in retreat. As these operations unfolded, the 130th Regiment was busy repositioning two battalions from the Galiano Road to the junction of the Yagyagan Trail along Route 9, poised to mount a coordinated attack on Asin from both the east and west. On April 22, they launched their offensive, catching the Japanese defenders by surprise and effectively dismantling their defenses. By the afternoon of April 23, the Galiano Road was opened for American forces, marking a significant advancement in their campaign. Concurrently, the 129th Regiment had taken over operations from the 148th Regiment and advanced against only scattered resistance, making significant progress as far southeast as the junction of the highway and the Galiano Road. However, their advance was ultimately halted due to concerns about a potential threat from the north. Seizing on this hesitation, General Utsunomiya decided to leave small delaying forces at Trinidad and Baguio, while initiating a general withdrawal to the north and northeast. With Utsunomiya's defensive lines weakened, American patrols were able to enter Baguio on April 24, met with surprisingly little resistance. By April 26, the 129th had effectively secured most of the city, facing only negligible opposition. Simultaneously, elements from the 123rd and 130th Regiments worked diligently to eliminate the remaining Japanese defenses on nearby Mount Calugong, along the Tuba Trail, and on Mount Mirador, ensuring the area was cleared for further American operations. Despite these American successes, Utsunomiya managed to escape with approximately 10,000 troops to the Baguio-Aritao supply road, a crucial evacuation route for Japanese forces. As the end of April approached and into the first days of May, the 37th Division continued to mop up the surrounding areas, further securing Trinidad. Meanwhile, the 33rd Division also pressed forward, capturing the Balinguay-Itogon-Pitican sector, enhancing their control over the region. Looking eastward, General Gill's demoralized 32nd Division was still engaged in fierce fighting through the Salacsac Pass, hampered in their advance along the Villa Verde Trail.  During the second week of April 1945, observers from the 6th Army headquarters reported alarming morale issues within the 32nd Division, echoing concerns that General Krueger had personally noted during previous visits to the front lines. The soldiers of the 126th and 128th Regiments were on the brink of complete mental and physical exhaustion. Front-line troops, many of whom had spent significant time overseas, were becoming overly cautious, possibly from the toll of constant combat. Conversations among the men frequently centered around one urgent topic: their rotation back to the United States. The once aggressive spirit characteristic of these combat troops was waning rapidly. With dwindling numbers and pervasive personnel issues, it was clear that the division would struggle to mount any spectacular gains in the coming days. If they couldn't quicken their pace along the critical Villa Verde Trail, reaching their objective, Santa Fe, by the targeted date of June 1 appeared increasingly unlikely. Delays would be catastrophic; they risked being trapped on the trail by the heavy rains of the impending wet season, which typically began in late May. Such circumstances would severely hinder their ability to withdraw and salvage their equipment from the treacherous mountainous terrain. Meanwhile, the Japanese forces retained key terrain advantages, allowing them to economically utilize their troops and reinforce their front lines almost at will. In stark contrast, the rugged landscape severely restricted the 32nd Division's maneuverability, forcing them to repeatedly launch costly frontal assaults with their diminishing strength. While terrain and weather conditions presented significant challenges, the growing personnel crisis loomed as a critical factor likely to further limit the division's progress in the days ahead. Compounding their challenges, General Iwanaka's reconstituted 2nd Tank Division had suffered heavy casualties, leaving General Konuma unable to provide further reinforcements. On April 17, the rested 127th Regiment finally began its move to relieve the beleaguered 128th Regiment at the western pass, launching operations to clear the last remnants of Japanese forces from the Hill 506-507 area. Although Hill 506B fell rapidly on April 19, and Hill 507C was captured three days later, American forces struggled to completely clear Hill 507D until May 2, underscoring the tenacity of the Japanese defenders. Despite the challenges, enough ground had been cleared by April 26 for the 2nd Battalion to initiate a drive east along and south of the Villa Verde Trail, aiming for the strategically important Hill 508. The Japanese forces, sensing this new threat, responded with fierce counterattacks from both the east and north, managing to delay the American capture of Hill 508 until April 29. The intense fighting illustrated the importance of this elevation, which offered vital visibility over the surrounding landscapes. In the days that followed, the 2nd Battalion expanded its control over Hill 508, establishing a defensive block on the Villa Verde Trail to the north while successfully repelling a series of heavy Japanese counterattacks. Meanwhile, the 3rd Battalion made significant strides by attacking and capturing Hill 509, further consolidating American positions in the area. Simultaneously, the 2nd Battalion of the 126th Regiment launched an offensive south from Hill 511, seizing Hill 515 on April 24. They advanced into the area north of Hill 508 while the 1st Battalion navigated through the rugged terrain of Hills 513 and 514, pressing southward to Hill 516. Their advance culminated in the capture of the crest of Hill 525, where they established a critical block on the Villa Verde Trail. However, the cost of these advances was significant. Due to the heavy losses incurred during these operations, the barely rested 128th Regiment began the process of relieving the exhausted 126th on May 3. Shortly after, the 128th's 2nd Battalion launched an assault southeast, successfully capturing Hill 526 on May 7, while some elements initiated a drive towards Hill 527. To the further east, General Mullins' 25th Division was persistently pushing its Santa Fe offensive against stubborn Japanese resistance. In a stroke of fortune, a successful aerial reconnaissance mission revealed that ground located just 1,000 yards west of their position might offer a more favorable route of advance to Balete Ridge, providing a welcome alternative to the challenging Myoko mass itself. On April 22, a reconnaissance force from the 27th Regiment successfully moved undetected to the southern slope of Balete Ridge, positioning themselves for a critical advance. The following day, the rest of the 2nd Battalion began to push toward Lone Tree Hill, while other units continued to exert pressure on the entrenched Japanese defenses at Myoko. Moving forward with enthusiasm and encountering negligible resistance, the Americans reached Lone Tree Hill on April 25, effectively bypassing the main concentrations of enemy forces. By April 27, the 2nd Battalion had advanced an impressive half mile beyond Lone Tree Hill, with its forward elements only three-quarters of a mile from Balete Pass. However, they were compelled to halt their advance due to the potential threat of an enemy counterattack looming on the horizon. Meanwhile, on April 23, the 35th Regiment began its ascent up Kapintalan Ridge, steadily making progress despite the challenging terrain. By April 27, their leading troops had reached a prominent knob located midway between Route 5 and Lone Tree Hill. The 161st Regiment was also making strides, continuing its attack northward towards Kembu Ridge, where they successfully secured Hill 4625 and the entirety of Highley Ridge by April 28. On that same day, the 27th Regiment began reinforcing their positions on Lone Tree Hill, while elements of the 2nd Battalion initiated a southwest push along Kapintalan Ridge to support the 35th Regiment advancing up Route 5. However, they encountered a formidable strongpoint and were only able to gain 350 yards of new ground northeast from the knob. Simultaneously, elements of the 27th Regiment advanced a modest 500 yards southwest by May 4, indicating the ongoing struggle. That morning, the 1st Battalion of the 161st Regiment seized the southeastern nose of Kembu Ridge, securing a valuable tactical position. At the same time, the 2nd Battalion pushed troops onto the ridge, extending their reach half a mile to the northwest, further consolidating American control in the area. As a breakthrough appeared imminent, General Krueger began dispatching Beightler's 37th Division to the Bambang front on May 2, with all elements of the division departing the Baguio area just three days later. With these reinforcements securing his rear and taking control of the Myoko massif, General Mullins ordered the 27th and 161st Regiments to concentrate their forces for a coordinated attack aimed at enveloping Balete Pass from both the east and west. On May 5, the 161st swiftly broke through Kembu Ridge and advanced to Haruna Ridge, while the 27th Regiment pushed west-northwest along Wolfhound Ridge. However, they faced fierce resistance, gaining only 350 yards against tenacious Japanese defenders. On May 8, Company I successfully launched a southwest offensive from their stronghold along a bare-crested ridge, while Company A deployed on Kenbu Ridge and began ascending the final sections of the Digdig River gorge. The following day, these two companies finally made contact with each other and linked up with the 161st on Haruna Ridge. By May 10, Wolfhound Ridge was secured, coinciding with elements of the 35th Regiment completing the clearance of Route 5 from Kapintalan to the pass. In the meantime, the 35th Regiment, along with units from the 27th, continued their assault on Kapintalan Ridge, which was ultimately secured by May 13. Meanwhile, the 148th Regiment renewed its attacks on Myoko Ridge, where Japanese resistance began to collapse by May 11. With these gains, Balete Pass was now secure. The Americans had incurred 565 men killed and 1,745 wounded during the drive, while General Okamoto's 10th Division experienced catastrophic losses, with nearly 7,000 men killed and a complete breakdown of their control and communications. Reflecting on the situation in Salacsac, by May 8, the Japanese position was deteriorating rapidly. In response, General Iwanaka made the critical decision to dispatch troops aimed at cutting the supply line to the 2nd Battalion of the 128th Regiment, with the intention of safeguarding his main stronghold at Mount Imugan. On that day, the 1st Battalion of the 128th Regiment began to push eastward, facing strong resistance, while elements of the 2nd Battalion moved west from Hill 526, struggling to make any significant progress. By May 10, Japanese forces successfully severed the track between Hills 525 and 516, forcing much of the 128th and one battalion of the 127th Regiment to allocate considerable resources to eliminate the Japanese pocket that had formed in that area. Meanwhile, the 33rd Division was left disheartened as it found itself assigned a holding mission to secure the Baguio-Bauang-San Fernando area. Their operations were limited to minor local gains and long-range reconnaissance, which did little to impact the overall situation.  During May 1945, the only significant action undertaken by the 33rd Division took place along a trail connecting Santa Rosa in the Ambayabang Valley to Tebbo, located on the Agno River five miles south of Pitican. The division focused its efforts on clearing Japanese forces from the high ground situated between the main trail and the upper reaches of the Ambayabang Valley. On May 9, a battalion of the 130th Regiment advanced south from Baguio via Pitican and reached Tebbo, only to find the barrio abandoned. Meanwhile, on May 5, the 136th Regiment began its advance up the Ambayabang Valley. Approximately three miles south of Tebbo, they became embroiled in a ten-day battle, resulting in the deaths of a few hundred Japanese troops. However, these enemy forces posed little threat to the 33rd Division, their primary mission being to block American attacks toward the Baguio-Aritao supply road from the south. As the rainy season approached, 1st Corps and the 33rd Division had long since abandoned plans to use the valley as a route of advance against the Japanese supply lines. Consequently, the 136th Regiment relinquished the terrain it had gained along the valley and the trail to Tebbo almost immediately after capturing it. By May 15, all troops of the 33rd Division began their withdrawal, a challenging task compounded by heavy rains that had transformed the Pitican-Tebbo trail and the trails in the Ambayabang Valley into quagmires. The final destruction of the Japanese blocking force in the valley had little impact on the strategic plans or dispositions of 1st Corps or the Shobu Group, as the Japanese quickly replenished their outposts. By the end of May, the 33rd Division was left executing reconnaissance missions without significant enemy contact or major advances. The division remained in a state of restless anticipation, awaiting developments on the Bontoc and Bambang fronts before the 6th Army would authorize a new drive deeper into the rugged mountains of northern Luzon. Turning to the north, the guerrilla 121st Regiment achieved a significant victory on April 21 by overrunning the last Japanese positions on Lamagan Ridge. About a week later, they completed their occupation of Lower Cadsu. However, during the first part of May, the 121st Regiment faced formidable challenges as they advanced over steep terrain against increasingly fortified Japanese defenses, bolstered by reinforcements from General Ozaki's 19th Division. In the south, Hall's 11th Corps made good progress throughout mid-April, successfully pushing General Yokoyama's 41st Army, previously known as the Shimbu Group, further east from Manila. Concurrently, General Hurdis' 6th Division continued its offensive against the Kobayashi Detachment at Wawa Dam, achieving a notable success by securing the crest of Mount Mataba on April 17, marking a significant tactical gain in the ongoing battle. Despite General Hurdis' hopes to swiftly advance against Mount Pacawagan and Wawa Dam, persistent personnel issues forced him to halt any offensive actions until the 145th Regiment could relieve the 20th Regiment in the Montalban area. The 145th eventually began its assault on Pacawagan on April 21. However, even with effective supporting fire that destroyed much of the enemy's defenses, American forces struggled to secure a foothold on the mountain until the end of the month. Meanwhile, the 1st and 63rd Regiments continued to hold their occupied ground until they were relieved late in April by the 151st and 152nd Regiments of General Chase's 38th Division, which then officially assumed control of the offensive operations. In the southern part of Manila, significant water supply problems prompted General Hall to redeploy General Wing's 43rd Division northward in preparation for an offensive against Ipo Dam.  By mid-April 1945, an acute water shortage had developed within the city of Manila. General MacArthur informed General Krueger about the dire situation, noting that south of the Pasig River, Manila had access to no water sources except for that supplied by Army tank trucks and shallow, often contaminated wells. This shortage significantly hampered sewage disposal throughout the city, as water pressure from the overtaxed Novaliches Reservoir, the only reliable source was insufficient to carry off waste. As a result, flush toilets were frequently clogged, forcing many citizens to resort to using gutters and esteros for defecation. Restaurants and nightclubs, which were heavily frequented by off-duty American troops, struggled to maintain even minimum sanitary standards. The situation was exacerbated by a steady influx of military units and civilians into the metropolitan area, raising concerns about the imminent threat of severe epidemics breaking out in the city. On April 19, MacArthur suggested to Krueger that the 6th Army could resolve Manila's water supply crisis by seizing "the reservoir in the Montalban area." He inquired how soon the installation could be captured. This query puzzled Krueger, who was aware that the only true reservoirs linked to the Manila water system were located west of the Marikina River and had been under American control since February. Furthermore, Krueger understood that Wawa Dam, the nearest water supply installation to Montalban, was no longer connected to the metropolitan system. He subsequently asked MacArthur if by "reservoir in the Montalban area," he meant Ipo Dam, the only major water installation still in Japanese hands. Krueger's question seemingly led to further examination of Manila's water system at General Headquarters, Southwest Pacific Area (GHQ SWPA). On April 22, MacArthur radioed back to Krueger, confirming that Ipo Dam was indeed the preferred objective. He emphasized that capturing the Ipo installation would effectively solve Manila's water supply problems. Upon receiving this directive, Krueger ordered the 11th Corps to launch a drive on Ipo Dam as soon as possible. This shift in forces meant the 112th Cavalry Regiment had to move south to take over the vacated positions. General Wing conducted a reconnaissance-in-force that revealed the Kawashima Force's defenses south of Route 52 were considerably weaker than those around the main highway. In light of this intelligence, the plan for assault was set into motion. On the night of May 6, the 103rd Regiment was ordered to advance towards Mount Katitinga and prepare to attack the dam. Supporting this effort, the 172nd Regiment would strike across a two-mile-wide front to the left of the 103rd towards the dam, while the 169th Regiment was tasked with demonstrating along Route 52 to pin down Japanese forces in the Bigti region. Additionally, Marking's Fil-American Yay Regiment at Norzagaray was to make a feint drive eastward north of the Angat River, targeting Mount Kabuyao. During the first three days of May, General Chase conducted probing attacks in preparation for a concerted offensive aimed at Wawa Dam, which was set to begin on May 4. Simultaneously, General Yokoyama observed what he believed to be a slowdown in enemy progress, leading him to conclude that American forces must be redeploying northward or evacuating from Luzon entirely. This prompted him to prepare a limited counteroffensive, consisting of a series of harassing and delaying actions designed to pin down enemy forces on this front. Consequently, Yokoyama was not anticipating a major offensive on May 4. However, on that day, the 145th Regiment managed to gain up to 1,000 yards along the northern and northeastern slopes of Pacawagan, while the 152nd Regiment advanced approximately 500 yards northward along Woodpecker Ridge. Although these territorial gains were not monumental, Yokoyama became increasingly concerned about the strength of the American attacks and made the urgent decision to launch his counteroffensive. As Japanese forces hurried to reposition for their counterattacks, the 145th Regiment struck eastward, successfully seizing the rocky summit of Mount Binicayan. Meanwhile, the 152nd continued its efforts along Woodpecker Ridge. This coordinated assault completely surprised General Kobayashi's troops, rendering their planned counterattack impossible as they were forced to shift their focus to defending their critical positions. In the southern sector, General Kawashima dispatched one battalion toward Montalban; however, the heavy air assaults that preceded Wing's offensive made it impossible for the Japanese unit to organize effectively for their attack. Adding to the Japanese troubles, the remnants of the Noguchi Force were unable to provide any significant reinforcements. Despite the surprise and disarray among the Japanese defenders, they could not prevent the 145th from capturing the crest of Binicayan on May 9. The troops stationed on Woodpecker Ridge experienced some success by halting the advance of the 152nd and initiated a week of increasingly aggressive dawn and dusk raids starting on May 14. Recognizing the futility of the ongoing conflict, which had resulted in over 1,300 Japanese casualties, General Yokoyama ordered an immediate withdrawal of all units involved on May 15. However, these orders would not reach the front lines until a week later. In the meantime, capitalizing on the element of surprise achieved during the night attack on May 6, General Wing launched an offensive that made excellent progress. The 103rd Regiment rapidly gained control of the western slopes of Katitinga and advanced swiftly along the ridgeline toward Hill 1000. Meanwhile, the 172nd Regiment reached the foot of a rocky ridge two miles southeast of Bigti, and the Marking Regiment encountered no resistance as it marched over seven miles eastward, ultimately halting just a mile and a half northwest of Kabuyao. The only significant resistance encountered occurred at Hill 535, where elements of a guerrilla unit were repelled by Japanese defenders. The unexpectedly weak Japanese opposition prompted the 43rd Division to sustain its offensive momentum without pause. By May 11, the 103rd had secured Hills 805 and 810, while the 172nd was probing Japanese defenses on Fork Ridge and advancing to the southwestern slopes of rocky Hill 815. The Marking Regiment had successfully overrun Kabuyao, though they were unable to capture Four-Corner Hill. At this point, Japanese resistance began to stiffen as American forces clashed with General Kawashima's main defenses. In response, Wing ordered the 169th Regiment to mount a limited attack on Osboy Ridge and directed the Marking guerrillas to launch a strong assault toward Ipo. Supported by artillery, Colonel Marcus Augustin succeeded in breaking through Four-Corner Hill on May 12, marking a critical turning point in the offensive. Unaware of Kawashima's precarious situation, Yokoyama directed the Kawashima Force to initiate a new counterattack against the left and left rear of the 38th Division, deeming the situation for the Kobayashi Force to be more critical. As a result, Kawashima was compelled to divert one battalion for this unnecessary assault, which weakened the Japanese defenses. This strategic miscalculation enabled General Wing to make significant gains on May 13, with the 103rd Regiment capturing Hill 860, the 172nd clearing much of Hill 815, and the Marking guerrillas seizing the summit of Hill 803. The extent of these advances prompted Kawashima to ultimately disregard Yokoyama's orders and recall his assault battalion. This battalion promptly mounted a counterattack against the Americans in a futile attempt to regain lost ground, managing only to restrict the 103rd and 172nd Regiments to minor gains on May 14. Simultaneously, Colonel Augustin's patrols crossed the Angat River unopposed, discovering that the dam remained intact and the powerhouse on the south bank was largely undamaged. However, the patrol force, too weak to hold these installations, retreated before dawn to the crest of Hill 803, where the remainder of the regiment was occupied with mopping up remaining resistance. Looking further south, General Griswold's 14th Corps had already secured most of southern Luzon and had successfully landed General MacNider's 158th Regiment in the Bicol Peninsula. In response, the remnants of the Fuji Force and the depleted Kogure Detachment decided to evacuate the open Santa Maria Valley, opting to retreat to more defensible positions at the Kapatalin Sawmill. This allowed Griswold to move the 7th and 8th Cavalry Regiments into the valley, with the former beginning a drive along Route 455 on May 6. Following a heavy air and artillery bombardment, the cavalrymen launched their assault on the sawmill on May 9 and swiftly overran the enemy defenses by mid-afternoon. After a brief pause to reorganize, the 7th Cavalry advanced up Route 455, leaving their vehicles behind, and reached Lamon Bay by May 13. Meanwhile, on the Bicol Peninsula, progress had been agonizingly slow throughout late April. It wasn't until April 28 that the Cituinan Hills were fully secured, leading to the collapse of organized Japanese resistance in the region. Following this, the 158th Regiment began moving northwestward toward Iriga and San Agustin, rapidly overrunning the remaining weak enemy positions along Route 1. Progress continued to be painfully slow, and it was not until 28 April that organized Japanese resistance finally collapsed. The task of clearing the Cituinan Hills cost the 158th Infantry approximately 40 men killed and 235 wounded; the Japanese lost almost 700 men killed in the region. Although the 158th RCT did not know it, the reduction of the Cituinan Hills marked the end of large-scale organized resistance on the Bicol Peninsula, where no more than 1,400 Japanese remained alive as of the end of April. Simultaneously, the 5th Cavalry Regiment captured Calauag on April 14 and began a two-pronged advance toward San Agustin by the end of the month. On May 2, San Agustin was finally taken as elements of both regiments converged there. Guerrillas had informed XIV Corps, which acquired control of the 158th RCT on 22 April, that a Japanese force of some 2,500 men was dug in along the slopes of Mt. Isarog, an extinct volcano centering eight miles northeast of San Agustin. This report the 5th Cavalry and 158th Infantry proved false in a series of patrol actions between 2 and 15 May. The next day, the 16th, General MacNider radioed to General Griswold that the Bicol Peninsula was secure and that no signs of organized Japanese resistance remained. The two regiments continued patrolling for some weeks until, on 6 June, the 5th Cavalry returned to southern Luzon. The 158th RCT busied itself with the problem of reorganizing and equipping guerrilla forces and in mid-June turned over responsibility for further mopping up to the Filipinos. To that time the operations to clear the Bicol Peninsula had cost the USArmy units involved approximately 95 men killed and 475 wounded. The Japanese had lost over 2,800 killed and 565 captured, including 350 Formosan labor troops whom the Japanese Army had left to fend for themselves. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. In June 1945, amidst the Pacific War, American forces sought to liberate Luzon from General Yamashita's entrenched troops. Under Generals Eichelberger and Krueger, the 8th Army faced fierce resistance in the mountains and vital routes. As Japanese defenders struggled, the Americans advanced strategically, leading to fierce battles across treacherous terrain.  The turning point came with the seizure of Baguio, crucial for the campaign.

We present our review of Elio (2025) from Disney and Pixar!Elio is a 2025 American animated science fiction adventure film produced by Pixar Animation Studios for Walt Disney Pictures. Directed by Madeline Sharafian, Domee Shi, and Adrian Molina[b], and written by Julia Cho, Mark Hammer, and Mike Jones, from a story by Molina, Sharafian, Shi, and Cho, the film stars the voices of Yonas Kibreab, Zoe Saldaña, Remy Edgerly, Brandon Moon, Brad Garrett, and Jameela Jamil. It follows an eleven-year-old boy named Elio Solís (Kibreab) who accidentally becomes the intergalactic ambassador of planet Earth after being beamed up to the Communiverse by aliens for making contact. He must form new bonds with eccentric alien lifeforms and navigate a crisis of intergalactic proportions that involves the warlord father of an alien he befriended.Elio was conceived by Molina as a story about childhood and social isolation and was inspired by growing up at a military base and his eventual enrollment at the California Institute of the Arts. The film was officially announced in September 2022, with Molina attached to direct. Molina later left the project to work on Coco 2 (2029), and in August 2024, it was announced that Shi and Sharafian would replace him as the lead directors. The production team devised a process, titled the "College Project", to create the look of the space setting, Communiverse. The film was shot with a virtual anamorphic lens and Pixar's new Luna lighting toolset was used to quickly define lighting and the overall aesthetic. Its musical score was composed by Rob Simonsen.Elio premiered at the El Capitan Theatre in Hollywood, Los Angeles, on June 10, 2025, and was theatrically released internationally on June 20, 2025.[5][6] The film has received positive reviews from critics and has grossed $34.8 million.Disclaimer: The following may contain offensive language, adult humor, and/or content that some viewers may find offensive – The views and opinions expressed by any one speaker does not explicitly or necessarily reflect or represent those of Mark Radulich or W2M Network.Mark Radulich and his wacky podcast on all the things:https://linktr.ee/markkind76alsohttps://www.teepublic.com/user/radulich-in-broadcasting-networkFB Messenger: Mark Radulich LCSWTiktok: @markradulichtwitter: @MarkRadulichInstagram: markkind76RIBN Album Playlist: https://suno.com/playlist/91d704c9-d1ea-45a0-9ffe-5069497bad59 

Pamiętacie jak mówiliśmy do siebie: Mamy dość już tej wulgarnej kampanii prezydenckiej. Skończą się wybory i będzie chwila spokoju. No jakby tu powiedzieć. Wuja z tego spokoju mamy. Chodzi o ponowne przeliczenie głosów z drugiej tury wyborów prezydenckich. Donald Tusk lata temu przy obalaniu rządu mecenasa Olszewskiego powiedział do obalantów: Panowie, policzmy głosy. Teraz też tak mówi do panów Kaczyńskiego i Dudy: panowie, przeliczmy głosy. To idź i licz - mówią. Faktem jednak jest, że parę przekrętów udowodniono. Ale też protesty w sprawie nieprawidłowości wyborczych mają dobrą stronę, bo dzięki nim pewne prawdy zostały nam uświadomione. Choćby na przykład prezydent Duda powiedział, że Tusk w sprawie ponownego liczenia głosów tupie nóżką. Jest to trafne logiczno-anatomiczne spostrzeżenie pana prezydenta, bo przecież można tupać tylko nóżką. Nie tupie się łokciem, szyją czy pupą, prawda. Pan prezydent uświadomił nam tę prawdę za co jesteśmy mu niemal dozgonnie wdzięczni. Niemal dozgonnie czyli prawie do śmierci. Ale pytanie pozostaje: liczyć jeszcze raz te głosy, czy nie liczyć. Ja bym policzył. Żeby nie psuć urlopów sędziom, to wynająć jakiegoś harcerza i niech se chłopok liczy...

Depresja osób starszych często pozostaje w ukryciu – mylona z objawami starości, ignorowana, przemilczana. Choć może dotykać nawet co czwartego seniora, wciąż bywa niedostrzegana. – Depresja to podstępna choroba, która potrafi uderzyć znienacka i odebrać sens codzienności – ostrzega psycholożka Martyna Kuklińska, która wyjaśnia, jak rozpoznać depresję wieku podeszłego, jakie są jej przyczyny, a przede wszystkim – dokąd udać się po pomoc. Autorka: Anna Korytowska Artykuł przeczytasz pod linkiem: https://www.vogue.pl/a/depresja-osob-starszych-jak-ja-rozpoznac-i-dlaczego-nie-mozna-jej-ignorowac

Zalane domy, zniszczone drogi, brak perspektyw i ludzi dobrej woli więcej niż państwa. Taki obraz Lądka-Zdroju wyłania się z relacji tych, którzy zostali na miejscu i próbują podnieść się po żywiole.Mijają dziewięć miesięcy od katastrofalnej powodzi, która zniszczyła Lądek-Zdrój i okoliczne miejscowości. Choć woda dawno opadła, wiele domów wciąż nie nadaje się do zamieszkania, a część mieszkańców żyje w hotelach lub u rodziny. Odbudowa postępuje powoli, a systemowej pomocy wciąż nie ma.To były bardzo długie dziewięć miesięcy – dla nas i przede wszystkim dla mieszkańców– mówi Maksymilian Włodarczyk z Fundacji Kordon.Z jednej strony coś się zmieniło, z drugiej – można odnieść wrażenie, że czas się zatrzymał. Staramy się odbudować Lądek-Zdrój, ale to wciąż długi proces. Myślę, że nadal warto tu przyjeżdżać, bo to piękne miasteczko, ale jego mieszkańcy nie mają łatwo– dodaje.Ludzie nie mają gdzie mieszkaćWłodarczyk szacuje, że jeśli chodzi o odbudowę infrastruktury publicznej – dróg, mostów – udało się zrealizować może połowę potrzeb. Dużo gorzej jest w przypadku prywatnych domów.Trudno to ocenić, bo nie mamy pełnych danych. Wspólnie z innymi organizacjami próbujemy to monitorować, ale nie wszyscy zgłaszają swoje potrzeby. Wielu ludzi żyje dziś w ciszy, bez wsparcia– zaznacza.Z kolei Mirosław Sadkowski, właściciel sklepu zoologicznego, w rozmowie Radia Wnet poinformował, że sam musiał odbudować swój biznes. Pomoc państwa? Symboliczna.Dostałem 16 tysięcy złotych z ZUS-u. Całą resztę zrobiłem sam. Pomogli mi wolontariusze, Caritas, Wojsko. Skuli tynki, odkażali sklep, pomagali wynosić muł– wspomina i podkreślił, że  „do dziś niektórzy nie mają gdzie mieszkać”.Kolega, który odwiedził mnie przedwczoraj, nadal mieszka w hotelu. Po prostu nie ma dokąd wrócić– słyszymy w relacji.Państwo zawiodło i udaje, że nie ma problemuZdaniem Sadkowskiego państwo ograniczyło się do „pokazówek i popisówek”.Jeżeli uznajemy, że wojsko i ludzie dobrej woli to państwo – to okej. Ale jeśli nie, to nie wiem, co powiedzieć. Pomoc systemowa? Nie widziałem– mówi.Aleksandra Majcher ze Stowarzyszenia TRATWA działa niedaleko przerwanej tamy. Budynek organizacji, choć oddalony o zaledwie 50 metrów od niej, nie został zniszczony.Byłam wtedy przy rondzie w Stroniu Śląskim. Widziałam, jak przez centrum przepływa ściana wody. Woda niosła drzewa, elementy budynków, latarnie – wszystko. To był żywioł– mówi.Nikt nie ostrzegł przed katastrofąMimo krążących ostrzeżeń, oficjalnego komunikatu o zagrożeniu Majcher nie otrzymała.O pęknięciu tamy dowiedziałam się z ulicy. Straże jeździły, była syrena, ale to wszystko. Dla wielu osób to był szok– podkreśla.TRATWA stara się wspierać lokalną społeczność. Na wiosnę zrealizowali projekt Photo Voice – młodzież opowiadała o rzeczywistości po powodzi za pomocą zdjęć.Droga do szkoły przez zniszczone osiedla, wyburzone domy… W tych fotografiach było dużo dramatyzmu. Ale młodzi ludzie chcą się uczyć, bawić, mieć normalność. Dlatego ważne, by mieli bezpieczną przestrzeń– mówi Majcher.Pomoc od słuchaczy Radia Wnet i Tak dla CPKRadio Wnet i Stowarzyszenie Tak dla CPK wspólnie zaangażowały się w pomoc powodzianom po tragicznej powodzi w 2024 roku. Dzięki hojności darczyńców zebrano ponad 200 tys. złotych, które trafiły do najbardziej potrzebujących. Dziewięć miesięcy po kataklizmie Krzysztof Skowroński, Małgorzata Kleszcz i Hanna Tracz wybrali się do Lądka-Zdroju, by sprawdzić, w jakim stanie znajduje się miasto, czego nadal brakuje mieszkańcom i w jakim stopniu państwo polskie odpowiedziało na potrzeby poszkodowanych.

Giá dầu hỏa bị đẩy lên cao và thị trường thêm căng thẳng kể từ khi xung đột Israel-Iran khai mào. Cộng đồng quốc tế nín thở trước nguy cơ một lần nữa tăng trưởng của thế giới lại bị khủng hoảng dầu lửa nhận chìm. Chưa ai nói đến một cơn « sốt dầu » cho đến khi Mỹ « nhập cuộc » ngày 22/06/2025. Nhiều lý do giải thích cho hiện tượng nói trên, nhưng tất cả đều có thể thay đổi nhanh chóng nếu chiến tranh lan rộng.  Tại Matxcơva, tổng thống Vladimir Putin ắt hẳn hài lòng, vì nhờ « Sư Tử »  Israel « Vươn Mình » sang tận lãnh thổ Cộng Hòa Hồi Giáo Iran trong đợt oanh kích đêm 12 rạng sáng 13/06/2025, mà giá một thùng dầu của Nga mới ngoi lên được đến 5000 rúp. Đây là mức cao nhất từ nửa năm nay. Trong vỏn vẹn chưa đầy một tuần lễ, thu nhập từ xuất khẩu dầu lửa của Matxcơva tăng 12 %. Căng thẳng thì có, khủng hoảng thì chưa Nga là một trong những nguồn cung cấp năng lượng cho thế giới. Bất chấp chiến tranh Ukraina và các đợt trừng phạt của Âu - Mỹ, dầu khí vẫn đem về gần 1/3 thu nhập cho ngân sách của chính phủ. Đây là nguồn tài trợ cho cỗ máy chiến tranh của tổng thống Vladimir Putin. Ở những nơi khác trên thế giới, giá một thùng dầu Brent tăng hơn 10 % và hiện dao động ở mức khoảng 75 đô la/thùng, tương đương với giá dầu hồi tháng 1/2025 trước khi chính quyền mới ở Washington khuấy lên một cuộc chiến thương mại với gần như toàn thế giới. Các nhà sản xuất thì hài lòng, nhưng đối với những quốc gia phải nhập khẩu năng lượng, đứng đầu là Trung Quốc hay Nhật Bản và nhiều nước trong Liên Hiệp Châu Âu, đây là một mối đe dọa mới. Trả lời đài RFI Pháp ngữ, chuyên gia về năng lượng Francis Perrin, giám đốc nghiên cứu Viện Quan Hệ Quốc Tế và Chiến Lược IRIS của Pháp, ghi nhận « chảo dầu ở Trung Đông có nguy cơ bốc cháy bất cứ lúc nào »: « Hậu quả đầu tiên đương nhiên là giá dầu hỏa tăng lên. Điều này không có gì ngạc nhiên do chuyển biến tại Trung Đông, nơi tập trung khoảng một nửa trữ lượng dầu của thế giới. Hơn nữa căng thẳng và xung đột lần này lại liên quan trực tiếp đến Iran, một nhà sản xuất dầu mỏ lớn trên thế giới. Giá dầu đã tăng ngay từ thứ Sáu 13/06/2025 sau đợt không kích đầu tiên của Israel đêm hôm trước. Trên các thị trường ở Luân Đôn hay New York, giá dầu đều tăng 7% trong phiên giao dịch hôm đó và 7% trong một ngày là mức tăng rất mạnh ». Những tác động cụ thể đến người tiêu dùng Francis Perrin giải thích cụ thể về những tác động khi giá dầu bị đẩy lên cao:  « Khi giá dầu tăng thì các nước nhập khẩu thấm đòn. Như trường hợp của Pháp chẳng hạn, 99 % lượng dầu tiêu thụ là phải mua của nước ngoài, có nghĩa là hóa đơn thanh toán mỗi thùng dầu sẽ đắt hơn. Điều này ảnh hưởng đến cán cân thương mại, cán cân thanh toán, cũng như đến các ngành công nghiệp cần dầu mỏ, hoặc các sản phẩm tinh chế từ dầu. Kế tới là tác động đối với người tiêu dùng : giá xăng dầu bị đẩy lên cao, giá dầu sưởi cũng vậy. Mỗi khi giá dầu tăng, câu hỏi đặt ra là mức độ tăng giá dầu sẽ lên đến đâu, và tác động đến giá cả ở mức độ nào, cơn sốt dầu sẽ  kéo dài trong bao nhiêu ngày. Hiện tại không thể trả lời những câu hỏi này, nhưng rõ ràng là người tiêu dùng, các nước nhập khẩu và các ngành công nghiệp cần dầu mỏ, hoặc sản phẩm tinh chế từ dầu sẽ bị ảnh hưởng. Tác động càng mạnh nếu giá dầu tăng quá cao và trong một thời gian dài. Tôi xin đưa ra một giả định để chúng ta dễ hiểu: Giả sử giá dầu tăng lên 90 đô la một thùng, hậu quả sẽ hoàn toàn khác nếu tình trạng này chỉ kéo dài hai ngày, hai tuần, hay kéo dài hai tháng, cả năm ». Trung Quốc thiệt hại lớn  Như vừa nói, Trung Quốc là nguồn tiêu thụ dầu hỏa lớn thứ hai thế giới, chỉ sau Mỹ, nhưng là bên nhập khẩu nhiều dầu nhất. Nhập khẩu bảo đảm ¾ lượng dầu tiêu thụ trên cả nước. Theo Théo Nencini, chuyên nghiên cứu về quan hệ giữa Iran và Trung Quốc, Trường Khoa Học Chính Trị Grenoble, xung đột tại Trung đông hiện nay là một thách thức mới cho kinh tế và tăng trưởng Trung Quốc. Ông giải thích : « Hơn một nửa tổng kim ngạch xuất khẩu dầu lửa của Trung Quốc phải đi qua eo biển Hormuz. Tùy theo cách tính toán, Iran bảo đảm từ 12 đến 18 % nhu cầu về dầu hỏa cho Trung Quốc ». Từ khi lên cầm quyền năm 2012, ông Tập Cận Bình « liên tục mở rộng bang giao với Teheran » vì hai lý do : Trung Quốc và Iran cùng phản đối trật tự quốc tế trong tay Hoa Kỳ và Bắc Kinh muốn mở rộng ảnh hưởng ở Trung Đông vì mục đích địa chính trị và nhất là kinh tế. Năm 2016 ông Tập công du Iran. Năm năm sau đó, đôi bên ký « Hiệp định hợp tác chiến lược » trong vòng 25 năm và Bắc Kinh đã cam kết đầu tư 400 tỷ đô la trong giai đoạn này để giúp Iran phát triển kinh tế, thoát khỏi vòng vây của các biện pháp trừng phạt phương Tây. Đổi lại, Teheran ưu tiên cung cấp dầu cho Trung Quốc. Trung Quốc là khách hàng lớn nhất mua dầu hỏa của Iran. Giám đốc nghiên cứu Viện Quan Hệ Quốc Tế Pháp Francis Perrin nói rõ hơn về trọng lượng của Trung Quốc đối với thị trường dầu hỏa Iran : « Trong lĩnh vực dầu hỏa Iran là nhà sản xuất lớn thứ 8 thế giới và một phần lớn khối lượng sản xuất là để xuất khẩu. Iran cũng là một nguồn cung cấp quan trọng của thế giới, nhưng đã bị Hoa Kỳ ban hành lệnh cấm vận trong nhiều năm và lệnh cấm đã được áp dụng trở lại hồi 2018. Trong nhiệm kỳ đầu, ông Trump đã tuyên bố kể từ ngày 05/11/2018, bất kỳ công ty hay quốc gia nào nhập khẩu dầu mỏ từ Iran sẽ bị Mỹ trừng phạt chiếu theo nguyên tắc ngoài lãnh thổ. Lập tức hầu như tất cả các quốc gia đều ngừng mua dầu từ Iran, ngoại trừ Trung Quốc. Cho đến nay, Trung Quốc vẫn là khách hàng mua dầu chủ yếu của Iran. Trong nhiệm kỳ 2 tổng thống Trump tuyên bố khai trừ xuất khẩu dầu của Iran trên thị trường thế giới. Tình hình đã trở nên căng thẳng hơn cho dù Mỹ và Iran đã nối lại đàm phán hạt nhân từ giữa tháng 4/2025. Dù vậy Teheran đến nay vẫn xoay xở để xuất khẩu dầu, đặc biệt là sang châu Á, mà chủ yếu là sang Trung Quốc, nguồn tiêu thụ dầu mỏ lớn thứ hai thế giới và là quốc gia nhập khẩu dầu mỏ số một toàn cầu ». Ẩn số chung quanh eo biển Hormuz Vào lúc câu hỏi đang đặt ra là nếu bị đẩy vào chân tường, Iran có dám đóng cửa eo biển Hormuz hay không, giới quan sát đồng loạt trả lời là không. Chuyên gia về dầu hỏa Francis Perrin trình bày :  « Đây sẽ là kịch bản tệ hại nhất. Eo biển Hormuz là một vị trí chiến lược. Mỗi ngày khoảng 1/5 lượng dầu tiêu thụ toàn cầu trung chuyển qua ngả này bằng các tàu chở dầu mà chúng ta gọi là tankers. 20% lượng dầu tiêu thụ trên toàn thế giới phải đi qua đây. Do vậy nếu eo biển này bị phong tỏa, thì giá dầu sẽ tăng vọt. Không ai có thể thẩm định được một cách cụ thể về mức độ tai hại, nhưng đây sẽ là một cú sốc khủng khiếp với những hậu quả khó lường. Tuy nhiên, tôi cho rằng kịch bản này không có khả năng xảy ra, ít nhất là trong thời điểm hiện tại, bởi vì phong tỏa eo biển Hormuz sẽ là một loại vũ khí hủy diệt, tức là giải pháp cuối cùng, chỉ được dùng đến khi mà sự tồn tại của chính quyền Iran bị đe dọa.  Chính quyền Iran không sụp đổ chỉ vì các cuộc không kích của Israel. Do vậy, nếu Iran phong tỏa eo biển Hormuz trong tương lai gần, thì ngoài các cuộc không kích của Israel, Iran sẽ phải hứng chịu thêm đòn từ phía Mỹ. Nói một cách dễ hiểu, phong tỏa eo biển Hormuz không phải là thượng sách. Điểm thứ nhì, phong tỏa eo biển Hormuz tức là Iran tự triệt đường xuất khẩu dầu hỏa của chính mình. Trong khi đó thì Teheran đang rất cần ngoại tệ, mà dầu hỏa là yếu tố sống còn đối với kinh tế nước này. Trong trường hợp đó, Trung Quốc cũng sẽ không thể tiếp tục mua dầu của Iran. Quốc gia Trung Đông này như vậy sẽ mất đi nguồn thu nhập và gây khó khăn cho khách hàng quan trọng nhất và gần như là duy nhất vẫn còn giao thương với Iran. Đây cũng sẽ là tính toán sai lầm, bởi Bắc Kinh là điểm tựa của Iran cả về chính trị lẫn ngoại giao. Là thành viên thường trực Hội đồng Bảo an Liên Hiệp Quốc, Trung Quốc có thể ngăn chặn các nghị quyết gây bất lợi cho Iran. Trong tình hình khó khăn hiện nay, đây không phải là lúc để Tehran làm mất lòng một trong những đồng minh hiếm hoi còn lại ». Iran không muốn tự sát  Đừng quên rằng eo biển Hormuz là cửa ngõ chung để đưa năng lượng của các quốc gia trong vùng Vịnh Ba Tư (Iran, Kweit, Ả Rập Xê Út, Các Tiểu Vương Quốc Ả Rập Thống Nhất, Qatar) ra Ấn Độ Dương. Do vậy, nếu khóa eo biển Hormuz, chắc chắn Teheran sẽ không yên được với các nước trong vùng. Thêm một điều nữa : Để đóng cửa eo biển Hormuz, Iran sẽ phải « vi phạm chủ quyền lãnh hải của Oman ». Theo một chuyên gia của công ty chuyên cung cấp dữ liệu kinh tế và tài chính Kpler, « vi phạm toàn vẹn lãnh hải của Oman tạo cơ hội cho Hoa Kỳ can thiệp quân sự ». Khi đó « chảo dầu » của thế giới có nguy cơ « bốc cháy ». Đó là một thực tế hoàn toàn có thể xảy ra, nhưng giới trong ngành cũng nhắc lại: Trong cuộc chiến giữa Iran và Irak vào thập niên 1980, eo biển này đã từng bị « kẹt giữa hai làn đạn » làm xáo trộn thị trường dầu hỏa toàn cầu, gây nên một « cơn sốt dầu ». Chính vì tránh để kịch bản này tái diễn nên Hoa Kỳ đã « gài » Hạm Đội Năm tại căn cứ Manama ở Bahrain. Điều đó không cấm cản Teheran nhiều lần đe dọa đóng cửa eo biển Hormuz như vào năm 2011 hay vào năm 2019, mỗi lần quốc tế siết chặt thêm các biện pháp cấm vận.  Nhưng như vừa nói, phong tỏa eo biển chiến lược này sẽ là « một hành động tự sát » của chế độ thần quyền trong tay giáo chủ Khamenei. Một sự kềm chế từ phía Israel ?  Như một nhà quan sát trong ngành ghi nhận : Hơn tất cả các đời tổng thống trong lịch sử Hoa Kỳ, Donald Trump « mê tiền » và không muốn phải hy sinh các lợi ích kinh tế. Đây có thể là một cái « may » : Chính vì lợi ích kinh tế mà chủ nhân Nhà Trắng sẽ tránh để kịch bản « tệ hại nhất đó » xảy ra. Sau cùng, cho đến ngày 21/06/2025, tức là hơn một tuần lễ từ khi khai hỏa, quân đội Israel có nhắm vào các cơ sở năng lượng của Iran, như ở Shahran, một trong những kho dự trữ lớn nhất của Iran, nhưng đó là khu vực dự trữ dầu để cung cấp cho thị trường nội địa. Trung tâm Emirates Policy Center ghi nhận, đến nay những nhà máy dầu và kho dự trữ để xuất khẩu vẫn còn nguyên vẹn. Điển hình là nhà máy được đặt tại đảo Kharg, khu vực tây nam Iran, nơi cất giữ đến« 95 % dầu hỏa của Iran để xuất khẩu». Nếu cơ sở này bị tấn công thì Teheran « không còn một giọt dầu nào » để cung cấp cho các khách hàng. Dù vậy trước mắt, không ai biết trước được điều gì sẽ xảy ra, nhất là kể từ khi Mỹ huy động bom cực mạnh oanh kích các cơ sở hạt nhân của Iran. Chỉ biết rằng từ khi bị Israel tấn công hôm 13/06, trung bình Iran xuất khẩu đến 2,33 triệu thùng dầu, tăng 44 % so với cùng thời kỳ năm ngoái. Như thể Teheran gấp rút xuất khẩu và thu vào ngoại tệ tối đa, đề phòng « tình hình xấu đi thêm ».

I interviewed 60 Brits to debunk one of psychology's greatest myths. Priming is one of the best-known biases in behavioural science. Kahneman mentions it 35 times in his best-selling book Thinking Fast and Slow. And yet, I'm not convinced it really works. In five separate experiments, I tested it. Does priming work, or is it a myth?  The studies:  Authenticity study: https://ibb.co/5W14DM2N Creativity study: https://ibb.co/FbxxNMDf Guilty study: https://ibb.co/XrTLXrY4 Anchoring + priming study: https://ibb.co/99LLw7G9 Reading time study: https://ibb.co/LDYc18yF ---  Subscribe to the (free) Nudge Newsletter: https://nudge.ck.page/profile Connect on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/phill-agnew-22213187/ Watch Nudge on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@nudgepodcast/ Learn more about Voxpopme: https://www.voxpopme.com/ ---  Sources:  Bargh, J. A., Chen, M., & Burrows, L. (1996). Automaticity of social behavior: Direct effects of trait construct and stereotype activation on action. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(2), 230–244. Chernev, A. (2011). Semantic anchoring in sequential evaluations of vices and virtues. Journal of Consumer Research, 37(5), 761–774. Doyen, S., Klein, O., Pichon, C. L., & Cleeremans, A. (2012). Behavioral priming: It's all in the mind, but whose mind? PLoS ONE, 7(1), e29081. Fitzsimons, G. J., Chartrand, T. L., & Fitzsimons, G. M. (2008). Automatic effects of brand exposure on motivated behavior: How Apple makes you “think different”. Journal of Consumer Research, 35(1), 21–35. Goldsmith, K., Cho, E., & Dhar, R. (2012). Priming creativity: The effects of subliminal priming on creative problem solving. In Z. Gürhan-Canli, C. Otnes, & R. Zhu (Eds.), Advances in Consumer Research (Vol. 40, pp. 472–473). Association for Consumer Research. Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. Kahneman, D. (2012, September 26). A letter to the priming research community [Open email].

A jeśli Twoje powołanie wcale nie wygląda tak, jak się spodziewałeś? A jeśli najważniejsze spotkania z Bogiem dzieją się nie w świetle reflektorów, ale w zwykłym pokoju, przy ciszy, wśród dzieci, wśród trosk?W tym odcinku „Na Werandzie Podcast” spotykamy się z Kasią Grzegorzewską — żoną, mamą, katechetką, kobietą, która całe życie towarzyszy innym: dzieciom w szkole, młodzieży, rodzinie, wspólnocie. Choć nie planowała być katechetką, dziś po ponad 30 latach tej posługi mówi o niej z pokojem, miłością i wdzięcznością.

– Nie samym chlebem żyje człowiek – mówi w Poranku Radia Wnet o. Andrzej Kukła, opisując wzrost zainteresowania wiarą wśród młodych. Dodał, że „nowy papież przyciąga wiernych, nie tylko turystów”. Ojciec Andrzej Kukła, redemptorysta, który przebywa obecnie w Watykanie, poinformował w Poranku Radia Wnet, że „Leon XIV nie dokonuje rewolucji w Watykanie, ale rozpoczął już pierwsze zmiany”. Zwraca uwagę na „młodość ducha” nowego papieża oraz duchowe odrodzenie, które widać wśród młodych katolików w Europie.Papieże się zmieniają, a kuria rzymska trwa cały czas– przypomina słowa Leona XIV.Kontynuacja w nowym stylu?Zakonnik podkreśla, że nowy papież „z wielkim szacunkiem nawiązuje do tradycji i do swoich poprzedników”. Choć kontynuuje linię Franciszka, to jego pontyfikat „jest już inny”. Ojciec Kukła przypomina też misyjne doświadczenie Leona XIV i wskazuje na jego „młodość fizyczną i duchową”, która „dobrze prognozuje na przyszłość”.Wielu ludzi mówi, że papież Leon nawet porusza się jak Jan Paweł II– zauważa. I choć nie cytował jeszcze papieża Polaka, to odwołał się do bł. kard. Wyszyńskiego, mówiąc o potrzebie jedności i budowania Kościoła mimo trudności.Duchowny zwraca uwagę na rosnącą liczbę pielgrzymów i „fenomen nowego papieża”, ale – jak dodaje – „to nie tylko turystyka religijna, jest coś więcej”.We Francji połowa praktykujących chrześcijan to młodzi ludzie, czego kilkanaście lat temu nie było. To były babcie i dziadkowie. Ludzie widzą, że nie samym chlebem żyje człowiek. Potrzeba wartości duchowych– mówi.

Ian McKellen to jeden z najwybitniejszych aktorów naszych czasów. Choć w tym roku świętował 86. urodziny, ani myśli o emeryturze. Po 50 latach ponownie wcielił się w Hamleta w filmie-spektaklu Seana Mathiasa. Przy okazji premiery McKellen opowiedział nam o planach na przyszłość. Autorka: Julia Właszczuk Artykuł przeczytasz pod linkiem: https://www.vogue.pl/a/ian-mckellen-zycie-i-kariera-legendarnego-brytyjskiego-aktora

Nghe trọn nội dung sách nói Nghệ Thuật “Đếch” Quan Tâm Kiểu Pháp trên ứng dụng Voiz FM: https://voiz.vn/play/6651/Chúng ta hành hạ bản thân áp dụng các tiêu chuẩn, quy tắc và mô hình không nhất thiết phù hợp với mình. Chúng ta hành hạ bản thân vì muốn làm tốt hơn, nhưng chúng ta cảm thấy như thể mình không bao giờ thực sự đạt được kết quả tốt nhất. Chúng ta hành hạ bản thân vì tin chắc rằng người khác biết cách làm tốt hơn mình. Chúng ta thường hành hạ bản thân ngay cả khi chẳng ai xui khiến.Chúng ta bị cuốn vào các hoạt động điên cuồng đến mức trở nên hoàn toàn mù quáng. Bị thôi thúc bởi nhu cầu hành động, chúng ta không còn nhận thấy rằng thực chất ta chẳng làm gì cả; sau khi khiến tất cả trở nên phấn khích, chúng ta quên mất điều gì mới thực sự quan trọng. Chúng ta quên mất cách sống.Cho nên, đã đến lúc đếch quan tâm đến nó! Kinh nghiệm đã dạy tôi rằng không có cách nào tốt hơn để khám phá lại tiềm năng và những khả năng bị lãng quên bên trong chúng ta! Chỉ cần dừng lại! Đã đến lúc thoát khỏi các giao thức và thủ tục không cần thiết, thoát khỏi những căng thẳng ta tự áp đặt lên chính mình. Và khi làm vậy, bạn sẽ khám phá ra suối nguồn năng lượng giúp bạn đạt đến tiềm năng đó.Bạn không cần phải trốn lên núi hay đi vào hang sâu để suy ngẫm: Hãy ở yên tại chỗ và ngừng dồn ép bản thân suy nghĩ quá nhiều. Hãy cho phép bản thân nghỉ ngơi; đó là cách tốt nhất để tồn tại trong một thế giới đầy đau khổ, bất hạnh và tàn bạo này. Chúng ta cần phải thay đổi ngay lúc này. Bạn có thể bắt đầu hôm nay, bằng cách đếch quan tâm…Tại ứng dụng sách nói Voiz FM, sách nói Nghệ Thuật “Đếch” Quan Tâm Kiểu Pháp được đầu tư chất lượng âm thanh và thu âm chuyên nghiệp, tốt nhất để mang lại trải nghiệm nghe tuyệt vời cho bạn. ---Về Voiz FM: Voiz FM là ứng dụng sách nói podcast ra mắt thị trường công nghệ từ năm 2019. Với gần 2000 tựa sách độc quyền, Voiz FM hiện đang là nền tảng sách nói podcast bản quyền hàng đầu Việt Nam. Bạn có thể trải nghiệm miễn phí đa dạng nội dung tại Voiz FM từ sách nói, podcast đến truyện nói, sách tóm tắt và nội dung dành cho thiếu nhi. ---Voiz FM website: https://voiz.vn/ Theo dõi Facebook Voiz FM: https://www.facebook.com/VoizFM Tham khảo thêm các bài viết review, tổng hợp, gợi ý sách để lựa chọn sách nói dễ dàng hơn tại trang Blog Voiz FM: http://blog.voiz.vn/ ---Cảm ơn bạn đã ủng hộ Voiz FM. Nếu bạn yêu thích sách nói Nghệ Thuật “Đếch” Quan Tâm Kiểu Pháp và các nội dung sách nói podcast khác, hãy đăng ký kênh để nhận thông báo về những nội dung mới nhất của Voiz FM channel nhé. Ngoài ra, bạn có thể nghe BẢN FULL ĐỘC QUYỀN hàng chục ngàn nội dung Chất lượng cao khác tại ứng dụng Voiz FM.Tải ứng dụng Voiz FM: voiz.vn/download#voizfm #sáchnói #podcast #sáchnóiNghệThuật“Đếch”QuanTâmKiểuPháp #FabriceMidal

Mają wspierać, być blisko, zapewniać bezpieczeństwo emocjonalne i finansowe – lista oczekiwań wobec mężczyzn, którzy wkrótce powitają na świecie dziecko, w ostatnich latach znacząco się wydłużyła. Choć w większości przypadków chcą towarzyszyć swojej partnerce i być aktywnym rodzicem również w czasie ciąży, to często nie mają wzorców z których mogą czerpać. Co więcej, im samym również towarzyszą lęki i niepokoje: czy poradzą sobie w nowej roli, jak pojawienie się dziecka wpłynie na relację z partnerką, czy udźwigną życiową zmianę. W przeciwieństwie do kobiet, w mniejszym stopniu mogą liczyć na poradniki czy „wioski wsparcia” – jak w takim razie mają przygotować się do pojawienia dziecka a przy okazji zadbać o siebie? Między innymi o tym w Drogowskazach mówiła Elżbieta Rechnio-Nowakowska, psycholog kliniczny, specjalista opieki nad kobietami w ciąży i połogu. Do wysłuchania rozmowy zaprasza Aleksandra Galant.

Prezydent Ukrainy Wołodymyr Zełenski alarmuje o „kryzysie dyplomacji” po opuszczeniu szczytu G7 bez uzyskania nowych deklaracji wsparcia wojskowego – w dużej mierze z powodu nieobecności prezydenta USA Donalda Trumpa. Dla Australii szczyt G7 okazał się owocny. Choć planowane spotkanie premiera Anthony'ego Albanese z Donaldem Trumpem zostało odwołane, premier odbył rozmowy z wysokimi rangą przedstawicielami USA, w tym sekretarzem skarbu Scottem Bessentem, dotyczące ceł między USA a Australią. Albanese uzgodnił także rozpoczęcie negocjacji z Unią Europejską w sprawie partnerstwa w zakresie bezpieczeństwa i obrony, po spotkaniach z przewodniczącą Komisji Europejskiej Ursulą von der Leyen i przewodniczącym Rady Europejskiej Antonio Costą.

Bầu trời luôn có 1 sự hấp dẫn cực lớn với Trí. Có một giai đoạn ngày trước Trí rất thích nhảy dù, và mỗi khi đến sân bay để lên trên thì Trí thấy khá nhiều người lái máy bay riêng như một thú vui. Nghe hấp dẫn nhỉ...Cho nên là Trí phải tìm cho ra một người để có thể nói về mấy chuyện... trên trời. Mạch Khanh là nữ phi công ở Việt Nam với 1500 giờ bay, hiện là cơ phó của một hãng bay trong nước. Một cô gái dễ thương nhưng cũng mạnh mẽ, đây là một "good mix" và thi thoảng Trí mới thấy những sự tương phản rõ nét vầy.

Last time we spoke about the North Borneo Offensive. General Buckner's 10th Army captured strategic locations, including Shuri Castle, marking a turning point. Simultaneously, General Eichelberger's forces liberated Mindanao, overcoming tough Japanese defenses in the mountainous terrain. As they approached Malaybalay, fierce resistance resulted in heavy casualties, but the Americans persisted, inflicting significant losses on their foes. By June 9, the Americans pressed further into the enemy's defensive lines, leading to intense combat. The Marines landed on the Oroku Peninsula, where fierce fighting revealed the tenacity of the Japanese defenders. General Ushijima prepared for a final stand, as American forces began to encircle and dismantle Japanese positions. As the campaign unfolded, Australians under Brigadier Whitehead launched the North Borneo Offensive, landing on Tarakan and swiftly pushing the Japanese into the rugged interior.  This episode is Victory at Okinawa Welcome to the Pacific War Podcast Week by Week, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about world war two? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on world war two and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel you can find a few videos all the way from the Opium Wars of the 1800's until the end of the Pacific War in 1945.  Okinawa was more than just a battlefield; it became a symbol of sacrifice, the last heroic stand of a fading empire. By this point in the war, Japan was facing inevitable defeat, yet their resolve remained unbroken. They clung to the samurai spirit, determined to fight to the bitter end out of honor and duty. The stakes were high. Japan needed precious time to fortify its home islands, to stretch the conflict as long as possible. To achieve this, over 100,000 brave souls were sent into the fray, sacrificing their lives to slow the American advance and inflict as many casualties as they could. As we've explored in previous episodes, this fierce determination fueled their resistance. And now, we stand at a pivotal moment, the final days of the Battle of Okinawa, the last major confrontation of the Pacific War. As we last left the battlefield, it was June 16, General Buckner's 10th Army had made significant strides, capturing most of southern Okinawa and finally breaking through the last major enemy defenses at the Yaeju Dake-Yuza Dake Escarpment. The remnants of General Ushijima's 32nd Army were now locked in a desperate fight to hold onto the Kiyamu Peninsula, slowly being pushed back toward the sea and their ultimate demise. The following day, June 17, the assault continued with renewed determination. General Geiger's 3rd Amphibious Corps pressed on through Kunishi Ridge, while General Hodge's 24th Corps worked to consolidate its hard-won gains in the escarpment. On the west coast, General Shepherd's 6th Marine Division took action as Colonel Roberts' 22nd Marines stepped in to relieve the weary 2nd Battalion, 7th Marines at the northern slope of Mezado Ridge. With a fierce spirit, they began to push southward, successfully securing most of the ridge. To the east, General Del Valle's 1st Marine Division forged ahead. Colonel Snedeker's fresh 3rd Battalion took over from the exhausted 1st Battalion and advanced 1,400 yards to seize the high ground just east of Mezado. Meanwhile, the 2nd Battalion, 5th Marines fought hard to capture the remaining positions of Kunishi Ridge, achieving only a gradual extension to the east. Colonel Griebel's 3rd Battalion moved in behind them to reinforce the isolated Marines, bravely fending off a fierce counterattack under the cover of night. Further east, Colonel Dill's 382nd Regiment systematically eliminated the last enemy positions in the Yuza-Ozato-Yuza Dake area, while Colonel Halloran's 381st Regiment held firm and maintained their lines. In a key maneuver, Colonel Pachler's 17th Regiment launched a successful assault, capturing Hill 153 before Colonel Green's 184th Regiment took over during the night. Lastly, Colonel Finn's 32nd Regiment secured the reverse slopes of Hill 115, preparing to launch an attack on Mabuni and Hill 89. By nightfall, Hodge's 24th Corps had firmly secured all the commanding heights of the Yaeju Dake-Yuza Dake Escarpment. Most of Mezado Ridge and Kunishi Ridge were now in American hands, and Colonel Wallace's 8th Marines had landed in the rear to bolster the western push. For the first time, American forces across the line looked down upon nearly eight square miles of enemy-held territory, a staggering view of what lay ahead. Realizing they were forced from their last defensive positions and that their destruction was imminent, the 32nd Army began to unravel, collapsing into chaos. On June 18, Hodge's troops seized the opportunity to strike decisively. The 32nd Regiment advanced down the coast toward Mabuni, facing increasing resistance. The 184th Regiment moved down the reverse slopes of Hill 153, closing in on Medeera, while the 381st Regiment speedily crossed the plateau, tackling scattered enemy fire to seize the high ground just 400 yards north of Medeera. Simultaneously, Dill's 3rd Battalion crashed through a rugged maze of caves and pillboxes, making a daring 600-yard advance to the base of the rocky ridge north of Aragachi. To the west, Griebel's 1st Battalion circled the eastern end of Kunishi Ridge, battling heavy resistance to gain the lower slopes of Hill 79. Further west, Roberts' 2nd Battalion pushed through the 3rd and aimed for Kuwanga Ridge, successfully seizing an 1,800-yard stretch by late afternoon. As they advanced, the 3rd Battalion, 4th Marines moved forward to occupy the eastern end of the ridge. Meanwhile, the remainder of the 22nd Marines began to mop up the remnants of resistance on Mezado Ridge. Tragedy struck when Colonel Roberts was tragically killed by a sniper near his observation post during this operation. Lieutenant-Colonel August Larson would succeed him in command. Sadly, Roberts would not be the only American commander to fall that day. In the heart of the Marine line, the 8th Marines were finally called into action in the morning to relieve the weary 7th Marines. After a rigorous artillery bombardment to soften up the enemy defenses, Wallace's 2nd Battalion began its advance south toward the Kuwanga-Makabe Road, successfully capturing the high ground just north of the road by late afternoon. Meanwhile, General Buckner decided to visit Wallace's command post on Mezado Ridge around midday. He observed the 8th Marines' steady progress in the valley, taking stock of their relentless push forward. Tragically, as he was leaving the observation post, disaster struck. Five artillery shells rained down, one striking a coral outcrop near him. The jagged shards of coral filled the air, and Buckner was mortally wounded in the chest. He died within minutes, just days shy of achieving his goal: the complete capture of Okinawa. With Buckner's passing, General Geiger, as the senior troop commander, took over temporary command of the 10th Army for the remainder of the battle. Buckner became the highest-ranking American military officer killed in World War II and would hold that somber distinction throughout the entire 20th century. On June 18, the final written order from General Ushijima of the 32nd Army outlined a daring escape plan. He designated an officer to lead the "Blood and Iron Youth Organization," tasked with conducting guerrilla warfare once organized combat had ceased. Simultaneously, he ordered his remaining troops to make their way to the northern mountains of Okinawa, where a small band of guerrillas was rumored to be operating.  In his message he congratulated them on fulfilling their "assigned mission in a manner which leaves nothing to regret." He urged them to "fight to the last and die for the eternal cause of loyalty to the Emperor." This movement was not to happen in haste. Soldiers were instructed to travel in small groups of two to five over the course of several days. They were urged to don civilian clothes and avoid confrontation whenever possible. In a clever stratagem, most of the army staff officers were directed to leave the command post disguised as native Okinawans, aiming to infiltrate American lines and find safety in northern Okinawa. Some individuals, like Colonel Yahara, were entrusted with the mission of reaching Japan to report to the Imperial General Headquarters. Others were tasked with organizing guerrilla operations, focusing on harassing the rear areas of the 10th Army and Island Command, determined to continue the fight against the American forces in any way they could. Again I have read Yahara's book on the battle of Okinawa and despite being full of apologetic stuff and attempts to make himself look better, its one of the most insightful books on the Japanese perspective. You get a lot of information on how bad it was for the Okinawan civilians in caves, harrowing stuff. I highly recommend it. The American attack pressed on into June 19, though it faced delays due to the influx of civilian and military prisoners. Not all of the 32nd Army survivors were imbued with a will "to die for the eternal cause of loyalty to the Emperor." Loudspeakers mounted on tanks in the 7th Division's front lines and on LCI's that cruised up and down the coast line were successful in convincing over 3,000 civilians to surrender. Far more significant, however, were the 106 Japanese soldiers and 238 Boeitai who voluntarily gave up during the division's advance on 19 June. The relentless attack of American troops, coupled with intensive efforts by psychological warfare teams, brought in increasing numbers of battle-weary Japanese and Okinawans who had decided that the war was lost and their cause was hopeless. It is not inconceivable that every enemy soldier who surrendered meant one less American casualty as the wind-up drive of Tenth Army continued. Despite these challenges, the 32nd Regiment advanced to within just 200 yards of the outskirts of Mabuni. Meanwhile, the 184th and 381st Regiments coordinated their efforts, closing in on Medeera from the south and east. The 382nd Regiment pressed forward, overcoming fierce resistance as they reached the ridges overlooking Aragachi. Tragically, General Easley became the third major high-ranking casualty in just two days. The 5th Marines launched multiple assaults on Hills 79 and 81, but their efforts were met with fierce opposition and ended in failure. Wallace's 3rd Battalion, facing only light resistance, captured Ibaru Ridge, the last high ground before the sea, before pushing onward to the coastal cliffs. On the eastern front, Griebel's 3rd Battalion successfully seized Makabe and then joined forces with the 8th Marines to secure the coastal zone. Colonel Shapley's 4th Marines advanced alongside the 8th Marines throughout most of the day but were unable to reach the coast, halted by a formidable enemy position along the Kiyamu-Gusuku hill mass. Further south, Colonel Whaling's 29th Marines passed through the 22nd Marines and moved rapidly, also facing light resistance, reaching the base of the Kiyamu-Gusuku hill mass to link up with the 4th Marines before nightfall. As darkness enveloped the battlefield, Shepherd launched an attack on the hill mass. The 4th Marines successfully seized Hill 80, but they could only establish strong positions on the left flank of Hill 72. The 29th Marines encountered minimal opposition as they swept forward toward the southern coast. Meanwhile, the 5th Marines continued their relentless assaults on Hills 79 and 81, managing to capture most of Hill 79 before losing the crest at the last moment. Their tank-infantry assaults against Hill 81, however, once again ended in defeat. Looking east toward Hodge's front on June 21, the 382nd Regiment cleared out the last remnants in Aragachi, while the 381st Regiment seized the northern outskirts of Medeera. In the dark hours of June 20, the last courier contact was made between the Medeera pocket and the Hill 89 pocket. General Amamiya, commander of the 24th Division, issued a desperate order directing all his units "to fight to the last man in their present positions." At the time he gave this ultimatum, he had very few infantrymen left to defend the Medeera position. The relentless advance of the Marines had nearly annihilated the 22nd and 32nd Regiments, while the 96th Division had decimated the 89th Regiment at Yuza Dake and Aragachi. With their ranks severely depleted, the remaining defenders were a ragtag collection of artillerymen, drivers, corpsmen, engineers, Boeitai, and headquarters personnel drawn from nearly every unit of the L-Day island garrison. Those who managed to avoid surrender or sought to evade capture fought with the fierce determination of fanatics, resolutely defending their positions against overwhelming odds. Meanwhile, Colonel Coolidge's 305th Regiment, engaged in a vigorous mopping-up operation behind the lines of the 96th Division, prepared for an assault on Makabe Ridge. The 184th Regiment managed to secure the hills overlooking Udo, and despite facing fierce resistance from hidden enemy forces in coral outcroppings and caves along the coastal cliffs, the 32nd Regiment fought its way to the eastern slope of Hill 89. Throughout June 21, a series of small local attacks and mopping-up actions occupied most units of the 24th Corps, often interrupted to allow large numbers of civilians and soldiers to surrender. In spite of the bitter and costly resistance, the 32nd Regiment successfully secured Mabuni and advanced up to the tableland atop Hill 89. Coolidge's 1st Battalion launched an assault on the hill south of Medeera behind a heavy mortar barrage, successfully capturing its crest. The 5th Marines completed the capture of Hill 79 and undertook a heavy, costly assault that ultimately led to the capture of Hill 81. The 7th and 8th Marines began the crucial task of flushing out remaining Japanese holdouts, while also dealing with the increasing wave of soldiers and civilians choosing to surrender. The 4th Marines executed a successful double envelopment of Hill 72 that secured the strategic Kiyamu-Gusuku ridge, and the 29th Marines met only very light resistance during their sweep of Ara Saki, the southernmost point of the island. This swift progress and the obvious collapse of major enemy opposition prompted General Geiger to declare that the island of Okinawa was secure and that organized enemy resistance had come to an end. That night, in a tragic turn of events, Generals Ushijima and Cho committed Seppuku in the cave housing their command post.  On the night of June 21, Lieutenant General Ushijima Mitsuru and Lieutenant General Cho Isamu, the commander and chief of staff of the 32nd Army, fulfilled their final obligation to the Emperor in a deeply traditional manner. In accordance with the warrior code of their homeland, they atoned for their inability to halt the American advance by committing Seppuku. On the evening of their planned departure, Ushijima hosted a banquet in the cave that served as their command post, featuring a large meal prepared by his cook, Tetsuo Nakamutam. The banquet was generously complemented with sake and the remaining stock of captured Black & White Scotch whisky provided by Cho. At 03:00 on June 22, both generals, adorned in their full field uniforms decorated with medals, led a small party of aides and staff officers out onto a narrow ledge at the cave entrance, which overlooked the ocean. American soldiers of the 32nd Regiment were stationed less than 100 feet away, completely unaware of the solemn preparations taking place for the suicide ceremony. First, Ushijima bared his abdomen to the ceremonial knife and thrust inward, followed by Cho, who then fell to the ground. As Ushijima made his final act, a simultaneous slash from the headquarters adjutant's saber struck his bowed neck. The two generals were secretly buried immediately after their deaths, their bodies going undiscovered until June 25, when patrols from the 32nd Regiment found them at the foot of the seaward cliff-face of Hill 89. General Cho had penned his own simple epitaph, stating, “22nd day, 6th month, 20th year of the Showa Era. I depart without regret, fear, shame, or obligations. Army Chief of Staff; Army Lieutenant General Cho, Isamu, age of departure 51 years. At this time and place, I hereby certify the foregoing.” Their deaths were witnessed by Colonel Yahara, who was the most senior officer captured by American forces. Yahara had requested Ushijima's permission to commit suicide as well, but the general had refused, saying, "If you die, there will be no one left who knows the truth about the battle of Okinawa. Bear the temporary shame but endure it. This is an order from your army commander." While many die-hard groups continued to fight until annihilation, an unprecedented number of Japanese soldiers, both officers and enlisted men, began to surrender. On that fateful day, Operation Ten-Go's final breaths were marked by the launch of the two-day tenth Kiksui mass attack, which saw only 45 kamikaze aircraft take to the skies. While this desperate attempt succeeded in sinking LSM-59 and damaging the destroyer escort Halloran, as well as the seaplane tenders Curtiss and Kenneth Whiting, the next day would bring even less impact, with only two landing ships sustaining damage during the final attack of the campaign. As communications from the 32nd Army fell silent, a deeply regretful Admiral Ugaki was forced to conclude the grim reality of their situation. He felt “greatly responsible for the calamity” but recognized that there was seemingly no alternative course that might have led to success. Throughout the defense of Okinawa, approximately 6,000 sorties were flown, including at least 1,900 kamikaze missions. However, the losses were staggering, with over 4,000 aircraft lost during these attacks. In contrast, Allied forces suffered the loss of 763 planes in the Okinawa campaign, with 305 of those being operational losses. Since the operation commenced, naval losses for Iceberg totaled an alarming 4,992 sailors dead, with 36 ships sunk and 374 damaged, accounting for 17% of all American naval losses in the Pacific War. Meanwhile, extensive and coordinated mop-up operations in southern Okinawa were essential before the area could be deemed secure for the planned construction of supply depots, airfields, training areas, and port facilities. In response, Colonel Mason's 1st Marines and Colonel Hamilton's 307th Regiment established blocking positions in the hills above the Naha-Yonabaru valley to thwart any Japanese attempts to infiltrate north. On June 22, the four assault divisions that had previously shattered the Kiyamu Peninsula defenses received orders to prepare for a sweeping advance to the north. Their mission was clear: destroy any remaining resistance, blow and seal all caves, bury the dead, and salvage any equipment, both friendly and enemy, left on the battlefield. The following day, General Joseph Stilwell arrived to take command of the 10th Army during the mop-up phase of the campaign. Meanwhile, units from the 1st and 6th Marine Divisions were engaged on the Komesu and Kiyamu-Gusuku Ridges, while the 7th Division probed Hill 89 and Mabuni. In the Medeera pocket, Coolidge's 3rd Battalion successfully seized Hill 85 on June 22. The 96th Division intensified its focus in the Medeera-Aragachi area, with elements of the 381st Regiment mopping up the last holdouts in the ruins of Medeera by June 23. Two days later, after a thorough search of the area south of the Yaeju Dake-Yuza Dake Escarpment, the 10th Army finally initiated its drive northward, with both corps taking responsibility for the ground they had captured in the previous month. On the morning of June 26, the reinforced Fleet Marine Force Amphibious Reconnaissance Battalion landed unopposed on Kumejima, marking it as the last and largest of the Okinawa Islands selected for radar and fighter director sites. By the end of June, the mop-up operations in southern Okinawa had resulted in an estimated 8,975 Japanese killed and 3,808 prisoners of war added to the 10th Army's total. Overall, the Americans counted a staggering total of 10,755 prisoners of war and 107,539 Japanese dead, along with an estimated 23,764 believed to be sealed in caves or buried by their comrades. This cumulative casualty figure of 142,058 was "far above a reasonable estimate of military strength on the island," prompting 10th Army intelligence officers to conclude that at least 42,000 civilians had tragically fallen victim to artillery, naval, and air attacks due to their unfortunate proximity to Japanese combat forces and installations. American losses were also substantial, with 7,374 men recorded dead, 31,807 wounded, and 239 missing, in addition to 26,221 non-battle casualties. But now, it's time to leave Okinawa and return to Borneo to continue covering the North Borneo Offensive. As we last observed, by mid-June, General Wootten's 9th Australian Division had successfully executed two major amphibious landings on Brunei Bay. Brigadier Porter's 24th Brigade occupied most of Labuan Island, with the exception of the Pocket, while Brigadier Windeyer's 20th Brigade secured the Brunei area. By June 16, Wootten decided that since the enemy was withdrawing and showing no signs of mounting an attack, he would take control of the high ground stretching from Mempakul and Menumbok to Cape Nosong. This strategic move aimed to prevent the enemy from utilizing the track from Kota Klias to Karukan and to secure beaches for supply points during the planned advance northward. Accordingly, Porter ordered the 2/28th Battalion to reduce the Pocket. The recently landed 2/12th Commando Squadron was tasked with mopping up the outlying areas of the island. Meanwhile, the 2/32nd Battalion began preparing for an amphibious movement to Weston on the mainland east of Labuan, with plans to reconnoiter across country and by river towards Beaufort. The 2/43rd Battalion and the 2/11th Commando Squadron were also set to prepare for an amphibious reconnaissance in the Mempakul area. On June 14, the 2/28th Battalion launched its initial attack against the Pocket, following an artillery barrage. However, they were forced to withdraw in the face of intense machine-gun and mortar fire. In response, the 2/12th Field Regiment took over, bombarding the Pocket for the next six days and nights, hurling a staggering total of 140 tons of shells into it. On June 16, the 2/28th Battalion launched another assault, this time supported by tanks from the north, successfully capturing Lyon Ridge, despite sustaining heavy losses. After several more days of relentless artillery, naval, and air bombardment, the 2/28th launched a final assault on June 21, just as the Japanese attempted to send two raiding parties to infiltrate through the Australian lines and attack Labuan town and its airstrip. Although these raiders managed to catch the confused defenders off guard and inflicted several casualties, they were ultimately dealt with swiftly and without causing significant damage. Meanwhile, with the combined support of tanks and artillery, the 2/28th Battalion attacked the reduced garrison at the Pocket, breaking through Lushington Ridge and Eastman Spur to eliminate the remaining Japanese positions and completely clear the area. By the end of the Battle of Labuan, the Australians had achieved a decisive victory, with 389 Japanese soldiers killed and 11 taken prisoner, while suffering 34 Australian fatalities and 93 wounded. In parallel, following a successful reconnaissance on June 16, the 2/32nd Battalion landed unopposed at Weston on June 17. They quickly secured the area and established a patrol base at Lingkungan. Over the next few days, Australian patrols began probing north towards Bukau, occasionally clashing with Japanese parties. A company from the 2/32nd Battalion also established a patrol base at Gadong up the Padas River, finding no Japanese presence in the surrounding regions. From this position, the Australians were able to patrol along the Padas River in small craft, discovering they could reach Beaufort rapidly using this route, catching the enemy off guard. Meanwhile, on June 19, the 2/43rd Battalion and the 2/11th Independent Company landed unopposed at Mempakul, further solidifying the Australian presence in the area. Two days later, while the commandos worked to clear the Klias Peninsula, the 2/43rd Battalion launched an amphibious expedition up the Klias River. This mission successfully navigated through Singkorap and reached Kota Klias, confirming that Japanese forces were not present in significant strength along the river. As a result, the 2/43rd Battalion set out on June 22 to occupy Kota Klias without encountering any resistance. Given this positive momentum, Brigadier Porter ordered the 2/28th Battalion to take over operations from the 2/32nd Battalion in and around Weston. At the same time, the 2/43rd Battalion was tasked with marching through Kandu to attack Beaufort from the north. Additionally, the 2/32nd Battalion was directed to probe north along the Padas River and along the railway, drawing enemy attention away from the main Australian advance. Looking south, while the 2/17th Battalion remained around Brunei and the 2/15th Battalion probed along the river toward Limbang, Windeyer had ordered the 2/13th Battalion to prepare for an amphibious movement to the Miri-Lutong area. Brunei town had been severely battered by Allied bombers and Japanese demolitions. The troops were critical of the air force's practice of bombing conspicuous buildings even when they were unlikely to contain anything of military importance. In Brunei, for example, the bazaar and the cinema were destroyed, but neither was likely to have contained any Japanese men or material and their destruction and the destruction of similar buildings added to the distress of the civilians. The infantryman on the ground saw the effects of bombing at the receiving end. “The impression was gained, says the report of the 20th Brigade, that, in the oil producing and refining centres-Seria, Kuala Belait, Lutong, Miri much of the destruction served no military purpose. The destruction of the native bazaar and shop area in Kuala Belait, Brunei, Tutong and Miri seemed wanton.“ On June 16, the 2/17th finally moved out and occupied Tutong, successfully crossing the river at its mouth. From there, the battalion began its movement along the coast toward Seria. However, despite the strategic importance of the town's oil wells, there was only one encounter with the enemy at the Bira River on June 20 before the town was occupied the following day, only to find the oil wells ablaze.  At Seria, the oil wells were ablaze. From the broken pipes that topped each well, burning oil gushed forth like fire from immense, hissing Bunsen burners. The pressure was so intense that the oil, as clear as petrol, only ignited several inches away from the pipe. Once ignited, it transformed into a tumbling cloud of flame, accompanied by billowing blue-black smoke. At approximately 1,000 feet, the plumes from more than 30 fires merged into a single canopy of smoke. This horrifying spectacle of waste persisted day and night. The men around Seria fell asleep to the hissing and rumbling of an entire oilfield engulfed in flames and awoke to the same din. The Japanese had set fire to 37 wells, destroyed buildings and bridges, and attempted to incapacitate vehicles, pumps, and other equipment by removing essential components and either discarding them in rivers or burying them. Consequently, the Australian engineers faced the daunting task of extinguishing the fires with only their own equipment, along with abandoned gear they could repair or make functional. They relied on assistance from local natives who had observed the Japanese hiding parts and employed methods of improvisation and selective cannibalization to tackle the crisis. Meanwhile, by June 19, raiding elements of the 2/15th Battalion had successfully secured Limbang. From this location, they began sending patrols up the Limbang River toward Ukong, along the Pandaruan River to Anggun, and east toward Trusan. The following day, after a naval bombardment by three American destroyers, the 2/13th Battalion landed unopposed at Lutong and quickly secured the area. On June 21, the Australians crossed the river and advanced into Miri without facing any resistance, successfully occupying the town and its oilfield by June 23. Turning their attention back north, on June 24, the 2/43rd Battalion began its advance toward Beaufort, swiftly moving through Kandu and reaching a position just north of the Padas River the next day. In response to their progress, Brigadier Porter ordered the 2/32nd Battalion to seize the railway terminus and the spur leading down to the river just south of Beaufort, while the 2/43rd focused on capturing the high ground dominating Beaufort from the north and east. This coordinated attack was launched on June 26. By the end of the day, the leading company of the 2/32nd had reached the Padas River, approximately 2,000 yards west of the railway terminus, while the leading company of the 2/43rd secured the railway north of the Padas, similarly positioned about 2,000 yards from Beaufort. On June 27, the 2/43rd continued their offensive, rapidly capturing the high ground overlooking Beaufort. During the afternoon, one company ascended Mount Lawley and pursued the retreating Japanese, cutting off their escape route at a track junction, while another company moved into the town, taking possession early that night. In the following hours and throughout June 28, the Australians faced a series of heavy counterattacks as they worked to consolidate their positions. Meanwhile, the 2/32nd Battalion successfully captured the railway terminus, encountering only slight opposition, with one company executing a wide flanking maneuver to the Padas just upstream from Beaufort. Under heavy bombardment from artillery and mortars, the bulk of the 368th Independent Battalion began to retreat along the Australian-held track in the early hours of June 29. While many were killed during this withdrawal, most managed to escape. At intervals groups of two or three walked into the company area in the darkness and were killed. Fire was strictly controlled, and one platoon was credited with having killed 21 Japanese with 21 single shots fired at ranges of from five to 15 yards. One Japanese walked on to the track 50 yards from the foremost Australian Bren gun position and demanded the surrender of the Australians who were blocking the Japanese line of retreat. According to one observer his words were: "Surrender pliz, Ossie. You come. No?" He was promptly shot. One company counted 81 Japanese killed with "company weapons only" round the junction and estimated that at least 35 others had been killed; six Australians were slightly wounded.  By morning, the fighting was virtually over, and the mop-up of the disorganized enemy force commenced. The attack on Beaufort cost the 24th Brigade 7 men killed and 38 wounded, while the Australians counted 93 Japanese dead and took two prisoners. Meanwhile, the 2/28th Battalion secured Lumadan village, where it made contact with the 2/32nd. Porter then ordered this battalion to pursue the retreating Japanese eastward, successfully securing the Montenior Besar railway bridge by July 4. The 2/32nd Battalion proceeded to attack toward Papar, encountering little opposition as they captured Membakut on July 5, followed by Kimanis on July 10, and finally Papar on July 12. Turning back south, the 2/17th Battalion occupied Kuala Belait on June 24, where they discovered evidence of a massacre of Indian prisoners of war.  Indian prisoners of war began reaching the lines of the 2/17th Battalion at Seria on June 22. By the end of the month, a total of 41 had arrived, reporting a horrific event: on June 14, the Japanese had slaughtered a portion of a group of more than 100 Indian prisoners at Kuala Belait. The Australians discovered 24 charred bodies at the site, along with evidence indicating that others had also been killed. A report by the 2/17th noted, "The motive for the massacre is not clear, and whether a partial loss of rations, the waving of flags, or simply Japanese brutality was responsible cannot be determined." The surviving Indians were found to be starving, with many suffering from illness. Colonel Broadbent remarked, "The loyalty and fortitude of these Indians has been amazing and is a lesson to us all. Even now, their standard of discipline is high." Two days later, patrols made contact with the 2/13th Battalion at the Baram River. Pushing south along Riam Road, the patrols of the 2/13th clashed with the Japanese at South Knoll, which they captured by the end of the month. Throughout July, the 2/13th continued patrolling down Riam Road against some opposition, eventually pushing the Japanese beyond Bakam by August. At the same time, the 2/17th conducted deep patrols southward from Kuala Belait, particularly along the Baram River toward Bakung, Marudi, and Labi. Overall, Australian losses during the North Borneo Offensive totaled 114 killed and 221 wounded, while they captured 130 prisoners and accounted for at least 1,234 Japanese killed. Following the conclusion of conventional military operations, Wootten's troops began to support the efforts of Australian-sponsored native guerrillas operating in Sarawak under Operation Semut and in British North Borneo as part of Operation Agas.  Between March and July 1945, five Special Operations Australia “SOA” parties were inserted into North Borneo. The Agas 1 and 2 parties established networks of agents and guerrillas in northwestern Borneo, while the Agas 4 and 5 parties, landed on the east coast, achieved little in their missions. The Agas 3 party investigated the Ranau area at the request of the 1st Corps. The results of Operation Agas were mixed; although its parties established control over their respective areas of operation and provided intelligence of variable quality, they were responsible for killing fewer than 100 Japanese soldiers. In parallel, as part of Operation Semut, over 100 Allied personnel, mainly Australians, were inserted by air into Sarawak from March 1945, organized into four parties. These parties were tasked with collecting intelligence and establishing guerrilla forces. The indigenous Dayaks of Sarawak's interior enthusiastically joined these guerrilla groups, essentially allowing SOA personnel to lead small private armies. No. 200 Flight RAAF and the Royal Australian Navy's Snake-class junks played crucial roles in this campaign, facilitating the insertion of SOA personnel and supplies. The guerrilla forces launched attacks to gain control of the interior of Sarawak, while the 9th Division focused on coastal areas, oilfields, plantations, and ports in North Borneo. The guerrillas operated from patrol bases around Balai, Ridan, and Marudi, as well as in the mountains and along key waterways, including the Pandaruan and Limbang Rivers, and along the railway connecting Beaufort and Tenom. Their objective was to disrupt Japanese troop movements and interdict forces as they withdrew from the main combat zone. The RAAF conducted air strikes to support these lightly armed guerrillas, who at times had to evade better-armed Japanese units. These guerrilla forces successfully raided several key towns and facilities, significantly disrupting enemy movements and efforts. It is estimated that over 1,800 Japanese soldiers were killed in North Borneo through guerrilla actions, particularly by the fearsome Dayak people, whose fierce tactics and local knowledge played a crucial role in these operations. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. In the final throes of the Pacific War, the Battle of Okinawa became a fierce battleground of sacrifice and honor. As American forces, led by General Buckner, advanced, they shattered Japanese defenses, pushing them into a desperate retreat. On June 21, General Ushijima and Lieutenant General Cho, recognizing their imminent defeat, committed seppuku, adhering to the samurai code. The chaotic battle led to staggering casualties, with many Japanese soldiers surrendering, realizing their cause was lost. By June's end, Okinawa was secured, symbolizing not only a victory but also the tragic cost of war, with countless lives lost on both sides.

What if the future of "impossible" protein therapeutics is hiding in your backyard?For decades, CHO cells have ruled the biotech kingdom as the undisputed champions of complex protein production. But here's the uncomfortable truth: countless breakthrough therapies are gathering dust on laboratory shelves—not because the science failed, but because traditional hosts can't produce them.Enter moss. Yes, moss. That humble green organism clinging to rocks and trees might just be the biotech industry's best-kept secret.In this eye-opening episode, David Brühlmann sits down with Andreas Schaaf, Managing Director and CSO of Eleva, who's spent over 20 years turning the "impossible" into reality. Andreas didn't just stumble upon moss; he co-developed Eleva's revolutionary moss-based platform from wild concept to commercial-scale game-changer, propelling the company into clinical trials.Here are three reasons why this episode is worth listening to:Moss as a Game Changer: More than a plant, moss is a higher eukaryote with mammalian-like protein production, including post-translational modifications and human-compatible glycosylation.Overcoming Bioprocessing Barriers: CHO cells are the industry gold standard, especially for monoclonal antibodies. But what about the therapeutic proteins that CHO can't handle? Many promising candidates end up shelved—not because the science isn't sound, but because existing production platforms hit their limits.Bioprocessing, Simplified: Moss grows in standard bioreactors using familiar workflows—just with a whole organism instead of suspended cells.Curious about how plant-based systems could solve your protein production challenges? Dive into this episode to discover how moss could revolutionize your approach to challenging proteins; and let us know about your own production hurdles.Connect with Andreas Schaaf:LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/in/andreas-schaaf-b3797716Website: www.elevabiologics.comNext step:Book a free consultation to help you get started on any questions you may have about bioprocessing analytics: https://bruehlmann-consulting.com/callDevelop bioprocessing technologies better, faster, at a fraction of the cost with our 1:1 Strategy Call: The quickest and easiest way to excel biotech technology development. Book your call at www.bruehlmann-consulting.com/call/Support the show

Sau 12 năm đàm phán, Việt Nam và Indonesia đã đạt được thỏa thuận về phân định vùng đặc quyền kinh tế. Văn bản được công bố chính thức ngày 23/12/2022 trong chuyến thăm cấp Nhà nước Jakarta của chủ tịch nước Việt Nam Nguyễn Xuân Phúc. Bước cuối cùng là Quốc Hội hai nước phê chuẩn văn bản để có chính thức có hiệu lực và giải quyết những căng thẳng, bất đồng và cùng phát triển khai thác tài nguyên theo đúng luật biển quốc tế. Trả lời phỏng vấn RFI Tiếng Việt ngày 18/04/2025, nhà nghiên cứu Laurent Gédéon, Trường Sư phạm Lyon (École normale supérieure de Lyon), nhấn mạnh bối cảnh quan hệ song phương tốt đẹp là một trong những yếu tố giúp Việt Nam và Indonesia thiết lập được thỏa thuận. Năm 2025, hai nước kỷ niệm 70 năm thiết lập quan hệ ngoại giao. Quan hệ “đối tác chiến lược” có từ năm 2013 được nâng lên thành “đối tác chiến lược toàn diện” vào ngày 09/03/2025 nhân chuyến thăm cấp Nhà nước của tổng bí thư Tô Lâm tới Indonesia. Về kinh tế, trong ASEAN, Indonesia là đối tác thương mại lớn thứ ba của Việt Nam và Việt Nam là đối tác thương mại lớn thứ tư của Indonesia. Mục tiêu của hai chính phủ là tăng kim ngạch thương mại song phương lên 18 tỷ đô la vào năm 2028. RFI : Việt Nam và Indonesia sớm phê chuẩn hiệp định phân định vùng đặc quyền kinh tế (EEZ). Việt Nam và Indonesia có những yêu sách cụ thể như nào ở Biển Đông ? Laurent Gédéon : Các cuộc đàm phán về pháp lý liên quan đến hiệp định tập trung vào việc giải quyết các vùng đặc quyền kinh tế chồng lấn mà Việt Nam và Indonesia đều đòi chủ quyền. Tôi muốn nhắc lại cả hai nước đều là thành viên của Công ước Liên Hiệp Quốc về Luật Biển, được Indonesia phê chuẩn ngày 03/02/1986 và Việt Nam phê chuẩn ngày 25/07/1994. Như vậy, cả hai nước đều công nhận luật biển quốc tế. Sự chồng lấn về chủ quyền giữa hai nước liên quan đến vùng biển xung quanh quần đảo Natuna ở phía nam Biển Đông. Đối với Việt Nam, đường phân định EEZ phải trùng với ranh giới thềm lục địa giữa Indonesia và Việt Nam. Hà Nội dựa vào thực tế là ranh giới này đã được xác định vào năm 2003 thông qua một thỏa thuận song phương. Ngược lại, Indonesia cho rằng ranh giới của vùng đặc quyền kinh tế cần được đàm phán riêng biệt với ranh giới của thềm lục địa. Jakarta lập luận rằng theo Công ước Liên Hiệp Quốc về Luật Biển (UNCLOS), đây là hai vùng biển riêng biệt, cho nên phải được đàm phán riêng. Do đó, Indonesia muốn tính đến đường trung tuyến giữa quần đảo Natuna và Côn Đảo : Quần đảo Natuna cách đảo Kalimantan của Indonesia khoảng 300 km, còn Côn Đảo cách bờ biển Việt Nam khoảng 90 km. Nhưng đối với Hà Nội, việc sử dụng đường trung tuyến giữa các quần đảo là không công bằng vì có lợi cho Indonesia. Đọc thêmViệt Nam và Indonesia đạt đồng thuận về phân định vùng đặc quyền kinh tế Nhiều vấn đề pháp lý khác cũng đã được nêu lên trong quá trình đàm phán, đặc biệt là những khác biệt trong các đường cơ sở được sử dụng để đo khu vực phân định. Là một quốc gia quần đảo, Indonesia được phép sử dụng đường cơ sở quần đảo, tức là các đường thẳng, không nhất thiết phải chạy theo đường bờ biển, trong khi Việt Nam chỉ có thể sử dụng đường cơ sở thông thường chạy theo đường bờ biển. Hai phương pháp cơ bản khác nhau này làm phức tạp các cuộc đàm phán vì Hà Nội cho rằng điều này làm suy yếu vị thế của họ. Bất chấp những khác biệt, Indonesia và Việt Nam cuối cùng đã thống nhất về hai đường ranh giới phù hợp với Công ước Liên Hiệp Quốc về Luật Biển, trong đó quy định rằng thềm lục địa và vùng đặc quyền kinh tế là hai vùng biển riêng biệt cần được đàm phán riêng. Tuy nhiên, do tính chất bảo mật của các cuộc đàm phán song phương, cách thức hai bên áp dụng phương pháp đường trung tuyến để giải quyết tranh chấp của họ đã không được tiết lộ, nhưng không thể phủ nhận rằng đây là một sự thỏa hiệp mang tính sáng tạo, thể hiện bước tiến pháp lý đáng kể trong khi vẫn tuân thủ các nguyên tắc của Công ước Liên Hiệp Quốc về Luật Biển. RFI : Thỏa thuận về vùng đặc quyền kinh tế là bước tiến quan trọng sau hơn một thập niên đàm phán. Triển vọng của cả hai nước sẽ thế nào, cũng như tương lai về mối quan hệ giữa hai nước với Trung Quốc ? Laurent Gédéon : Như đã nói, Hiệp định về vùng đặc quyền kinh tế giữa Indonesia và Việt Nam là một bước tiến lớn không chỉ trong quan hệ song phương giữa hai nước mà còn cho toàn bộ môi trường khu vực. Hệ quả đầu tiên và rõ ràng nhất là thỏa thuận này sẽ chấm dứt căng thẳng giữa hai nước liên quan đến hoạt động đánh bắt cá của tàu thuyền Việt Nam trong vùng biển vẫn được Indonesia coi là vùng đặc quyền kinh tế của họ. Hệ quả thứ hai liên quan đến các nguồn năng lượng trong khu vực này, đặc biệt là khí đốt tự nhiên, một số mỏ nằm ở phần EEZ của Indonesia giáp với EEZ của Việt Nam. Việc làm rõ ranh giới giữa hai vùng đặc quyền kinh tế sẽ cho phép Indonesia tự do phát triển hoạt động thăm dò và khai thác nguồn tài nguyên này. Hệ quả thứ ba mang tính chất pháp lý bởi vì thỏa thuận Việt Nam-Indonesia mở đường cho các thỏa thuận tương tự có thể có giữa các nước khác trong khu vực, có nghĩa là có thể thấy trong việc áp dụng đường phân định kép (thềm lục địa và vùng đặc quyền kinh tế) một mô hình cho các cuộc đàm phán trong tương lai. Hệ quả cuối cùng ảnh hưởng đến Trung Quốc vì đường ranh giới chung do Việt Nam và Indonesia thiết lập chồng lấn một phần với đường chín đoạn đánh dấu yêu sách chủ quyền của Trung Quốc đối với phần lớn Biển Đông. Đọc thêmViệt Nam kêu gọi ASEAN đoàn kết vào lúc Bắc Kinh lấn lướt ở Biển Đông Tuy nhiên, có một thắc mắc về chính sách của Indonesia liên quan đến Trung Quốc. Nhân chuyến thăm Bắc Kinh ngày 09/11/2024 của tổng thống Indonesia Prabowo Subianto, nhiều thỏa thuận đã được ký kết, kể cả hợp tác công nghiệp và khai khoáng, hợp tác thương mại, với tổng giá trị lên tới 10 tỷ đô la. Ngoài ra còn có một thỏa thuận về hợp tác hàng hải, trong đó hai bên cam kết cùng nhau phát triển kinh tế hàng hải ở Biển Đông, bao gồm cả những khu vực có tranh chấp chồng lấn. Tuyên bố chung được đưa ra trong dịp này nêu rõ rằng hai nước đã “đạt được một thỏa thuận quan trọng về phát triển chung ở những khu vực có yêu sách chồng lấn”. Tuy nhiên cho đến nay, tất cả các nước có tranh chấp hàng hải với Bắc Kinh, như Indonesia, Philippines, Việt Nam, Brunei, Malaysia và Đài Loan, đều tránh tham gia vào thỏa thuận phát triển chung với Trung Quốc vì sợ rằng việc đó sẽ bị hiểu là công nhận chính thức các yêu sách của Trung Quốc. Mặc dù Indonesia đã thận trọng khẳng định lại rằng họ không công nhận các yêu sách quá đáng của Trung Quốc đối với Biển Đông, nhưng thỏa thuận giữa Bắc Kinh và Jakarta đã đánh dấu sự phá vỡ lập luận trước đây và cho thấy rõ mâu thuẫn trong lập trường của Indonesia về luật hàng hải quốc tế. Về phần Việt Nam, quốc gia không bị ràng buộc bởi bất kỳ thỏa thuận chung nào với Trung Quốc về các khu vực tranh chấp, vẫn kiên định với lập trường của họ và trong phản đối các yêu sách hàng hải của Trung Quốc. Đối với Hà Nội, thỏa thuận này chắc chắn là một bước đột phá ngoại giao lớn và là tiền lệ pháp lý mà Hà Nội có thể khai thác ở cấp độ ngoại giao. Ngoài ra, thỏa thuận cũng có lợi thế là không đặt Hà Nội vào thế đối đầu trực tiếp với Bắc Kinh trong khi vẫn khẳng định được cam kết của họ đối với luật pháp quốc tế. RFI : Sau thỏa thuận về vùng đặc quyền kinh tế giữa Việt Nam và Indonesia, liệu đã có thể nói đến một liên minh đối trọng Philippines, Indonesia, Việt Nam để đối phó với các yêu sách của Trung Quốc ở Biển Đông không ? Laurent Gédéon : Có, trong bối cảnh Trung Quốc luôn chú ý đến việc không để một mặt trận chống Trung Quốc trỗi dậy giữa các quốc gia ven Biển Đông và rộng hơn là trong ASEAN, thì thỏa thuận Việt Nam-Indonesia mở đường cho sự xuất hiện của các chiến lược tập thể đối phó với những tranh chấp hàng hải ở Biển Đông. Những chiến lược này đáng chú ý - và cũng gây vấn đề cho Trung Quốc - vì chúng được thực hiện theo cách tuân thủ chặt chẽ luật hàng hải quốc tế. Việc này càng giành được sự ủng hộ của cộng đồng quốc tế và củng cố thêm sự cô lập của Trung Quốc đối với các yêu sách chủ quyền tối đa của nước này. Đọc thêmThỏa thuận Việt Nam - Indonesia: Một hướng giải quyết tranh chấp Biển Đông? Cho nên chúng ta có thể thấy những thỏa thuận kiểu này gia tăng trong tương lai, đặc biệt là liên quan đến Việt Nam, Philippines và Malaysia. Đó là một quá trình dài, trước hết đòi hỏi các đối tác tăng cường tin tưởng nhau, và sẽ ngày càng phức tạp hơn vì liên quan đến các vùng biển quanh quần đảo Trường Sa, nơi vẫn được biết đến là trung tâm của các vấn đề địa-chiến lược đặc biệt quan trọng. Ngoài ra, cũng cần lưu ý rằng việc ký kết các hiệp định quốc tế là sự kiện quan trọng nhưng việc thực hiện chúng cũng quan trọng không kém. Và về điểm này, sẽ cần phải phân tích cẩn thận những tác động thực địa của hiệp định Việt Nam-Indonesia để đưa ra kết luận và phát triển các phân tích triển vọng có thể diễn ra. Cho nên, ngoài một liên minh đối trọng giữa Philippines, Việt Nam và Indonesia, chúng ta có thể xem rằng các thỏa thuận kiểu này phù hợp với sự hội tụ lợi ích ngầm hoặc rõ ràng của ba nước vì chúng hạn chế khả năng của Trung Quốc trong việc khẳng định các yêu sách chủ quyền và dẫn đến việc Bắc Kinh ngày càng bị cô lập về pháp lý. Dĩ nhiên Trung Quốc có thể tìm cách đảo ngược để áp đặt quan điểm của họ, nhưng việc đó sẽ làm giảm thêm tính hợp pháp về mặt pháp lý của các hành động, yêu sách của Bắc Kinh. Do đó, thỏa thuận này có thể đóng vai trò là mô hình giải quyết các tranh chấp hàng hải khác ở Đông Nam Á và tạo thành đòn bẩy ngoại giao khôn khéo để thay đổi tình hình trong khu vực. RFI : Việt Nam đã bị Ủy Ban Châu Âu đưa ra “thẻ vàng” về tình trạng đánh bắt cá bất hợp pháp. Thỏa thuận với Indonesia được coi là dấu chấm hết cho tình trạng đánh bắt cá bất hợp pháp trong khu vực. Liệu đây có phải là một kiểu cam kết để cá Việt Nam có thể vào thị trường châu Âu không ? Laurent Gédéon : Vùng đặc quyền kinh tế cho phép một quốc gia tiếp cận độc quyền các nguồn tài nguyên thiên nhiên ở vùng biển và đáy biển của nước đó. Việc phân định rõ ràng không gian này thường giúp tránh được những hiểu lầm và mâu thuẫn trong quản lý nguồn cá nếu các đối tác có thiện chí. Về mặt này, thỏa thuận giữa Việt Nam và Indonesia làm rõ quyền đánh bắt cá của cả hai bên ở Biển Đông và thể hiện sự cải thiện rõ rệt so với giai đoạn trước đây, khi cả hai nước đều có yêu sách riêng, khiến việc xác định tàu cá có vượt qua ranh giới hay không trở nên khó khăn. Do đó, việc làm rõ biên giới sẽ tạo điều kiện thuận lợi cho việc áp dụng các quy định và trừng phạt những người vi phạm, đặc biệt là xung quanh quần đảo Natuna, nơi giàu tài nguyên thiên nhiên. Nhìn chung, kiểu thỏa thuận này có giá trị vì nó tăng cường năng lực hợp tác và quản lý lẫn nhau giữa hai bên. Tình hình này chỉ có thể có lợi cho Việt Nam khi chứng tỏ rằng đất nước đã trưởng thành về năng lực quản lý nguồn lợi thủy sản. Đọc thêmChồng lấn EEZ, nguyên nhân vụ va chạm giữa tàu Việt Nam và Indonesia Không chỉ riêng ở Biển Đông, đánh bắt cá bất hợp pháp, không báo cáo và không theo quy định (IUU) là một vấn đề toàn cầu đe dọa hệ sinh thái đại dương và “đánh bắt cá bền vững”. Đây là lý do tại sao chính quyền Liên Hiệp Châu Âu đã giám sát Việt Nam sau cảnh báo vào năm 2017. Xin nhắc lại, những nước xuất khẩu sang Liên Âu được phân loại và có thể chịu trừng phạt tương ứng với hệ thống mã màu : xanh lá cây, vàng, đỏ, các lệnh trừng phạt có thể lên tới mức dừng hoàn toàn hoạt động thương mại. Do đó, thỏa thuận giữa Việt Nam và Indonesia có thể được coi là một giải pháp đôi bên cùng có lợi vì nó củng cố quan hệ song phương, tránh leo thang giữa ngư dân và cơ quan thực thi pháp luật. Còn đối với Việt Nam, thỏa thuận này cho thấy quốc gia này nghiêm túc thực hiện các cam kết quốc tế và là đối tác đáng tin cậy cho Liên Hiệp Châu Âu. RFI Tiếng Việt xin chân thành cảm ơn nhà nghiên cứu Laurent Gédéon, giảng viên Trường Sư phạm Lyon, Pháp.

VOV1 - Trong những ngày này, giới báo chí cả nước đang long trọng kỷ niệm 100 năm Báo chí cách mạng Việt Nam. Cho đến nay, chưa có ngành, lĩnh vực nào của đất nước kỷ niệm 100 năm, ngoài đội ngũ báo chí cách mạng.

Willpower is a lie that's been sold to us for generations.The truth?  Even Elon Musk doesn't wake up every morning relying on "discipline" to build rockets and trillion-dollar companies. Something far more powerful is at work.  Gamification expert Yu-kai Cho has identified 8 core drivers that move humans to action. This stuff make us want to do hard things consistently without the struggle of forcing ourselves through sheer willpower. When Yukai needed to write his book despite a packed schedule, he didn't set calendar reminders or try to "be more disciplined." Instead, he used used 8 core drivers to make doing irresistible.  The research is clear: willpower depletes quickly.  Even simple choices between cookies and carrots drain our mental resources. But by designing your environment, schedules, and processes to activate your unique motivational drivers, you transform difficult tasks from obligations into engaging challenges you actually want to pursue. This isn't just theory, it's the hidden mechanism behind every significant achievement and consistent behavior change.  Tune in - let's learn to push our buttons to win the game of life

W dobie algorytmów, prawdziwe historie rodzą się tam, gdzie spotyka się doświadczenie i młodość. Poznaj tę perspektywę w tym podcaście.Technologia potrafi dzielić. I to ostro. Młodsi śmigają po portalach, uczą się reagować na newsy, wczytują się w teksty podsuwane przez algorytmy.Starsi wciąż bywają uwiązani do TV, a gdy mają ok. osiemdziesiątki - to korzystają z internatu bardzo, bardzo ostrożnie. I nie lubią odpowiadać na smsy.Każda pokoleniowa warstwa ma swoje kody, patenty na podtrzymania kontaktu, na budowanie relacji, ma swój poziom wiary w ludzi i wizji tego, co ważne.Każda pokoleniowa warstwa jest inna, ale jest przyklejona do poprzedniej.Kiedy mówimy - on odkleił się od rzeczywistości - to w zasadzie stwierdzamy, że nie bierze pod uwagę tego, co było, tych co byli, oraz faktów ;)Którą warstwą się czujesz?Wszystkie pokolenia są jednak nierozerwalnie połączone, sklejone, wynikają z siebie nawzajem. Młodzi tradycyjnie negują starszych, starsi boją się o niemądrą młodzież, ale… te zabawa trwa od wieków.Nic nowego. Nic strasznego.Oswajanie pokoleniowych różnic i podejść do tematu bardzo ciekawie wygląda w płaszczyznach zawodowych.Spójrzmy na audio-dokumentalistów:Takie pokoleniowe Audio Story, to swobodne spotkanie doświadczenia i młodości w przestrzeni rozmowy, oraz w dźwiękowych scenografiach.Reporter, radiowiec, podcaster – człowiek z mikrofonem, wrażliwy na ludzi, wydarzenia, opowieści. Choć nie jest to najpopularniejsza profesja, są takie miejsca i chwile, kiedy ci, którzy kochają dźwięk i historię, spotykają się przy jednym stole. Tam obok siebie zasiadają ci, którzy pamiętają montaż taśm na stołach wielkich jak ołtarz, oraz ci, którzy Internet mają we krwi.Ech, tak wiele się zmieniło. Dziennikarstwo się zmieniło, świat się zmienił.Dziś historię audio można stworzyć telefonem, na całkiem sensownym poziomie. Ale pojawia się pytanie: co starsze pokolenie może przekazać tym, którzy wszystko robią szybciej, mocniej, licząc kliknięcia?Otóż... w sumie wiele może. Może na przykład przekazać pasję do wyłuskiwania z tego zmieniającego się świata pewnych niezmienności: życiowych historii, prawd emocji, autentyczności zmiany, różnych wersji miłości, różnych wersji awersji, etc.Może nauczyć szacunku do dobrej narracji, otwartości na ludzi, wyczulenia na to, co naprawdę istotne. W coraz bardziej stechnicyzowanym świecie, gdzie algorytmy podpowiadają, co mamy czuć, ludzkie emocje pozostają takie same.Ludzie zawsze będą kochać, tracić, zyskiwać, walczyć o szczęście, zaświadczać o człowieczeństwie i gubić się w mroku. O tym jest ludzkość, o tym są audio opowieści. Tu, gdzie tempo życia przyspiesza, a technologia zmienia zasady gry, właśnie spotkanie pokoleń tworzy przestrzeń, w której rodzi się prawdziwa opowieść. W różnicach kryje się siła – siła, która pozwala nie zatracić ciepła w zimnym, cyfrowym świecie. Bo choć narzędzia się zmieniają, a język dźwięku ewoluuje, to ludzkie historie – pełne sprzeczności, emocji i nadziei – pozostają tym, co łączy nas ponad czasem.I właśnie dlatego jedna praca, wykonywana przez różne pokolenia, staje się czymś więcej niż zawodem. Staje się mostem między przeszłością a przyszłością, między doświadczeniem a świeżością, między ciszą a dźwiękiem, który opowiada o nas wszystkich.Na koniec chcę dodać, że inspiracją do tego odcinka były Ogólnopolskie Warsztaty Reportażu Radiowego organizowane przez Polskie Radio Białystok w Tykocinie. To już nasza wieloletnia tradycja, która co roku przyciąga ponad 30 reportażystów z całej Polski. To właśnie tam, w atmosferze wymiany doświadczeń, poszukiwania inspiracji i wspólnego słuchania audio-dokumentów, rodzą się najciekawsze rozmowy i opowieści.I to tam widać najlepiej, jak spotkanie pokoleń buduje przyszłość, także w warstwie audio.A jakie masz swoje sposoby na porozumienie międzypokoleniowe?SerdecznościMiłka

Cho comes to Karen and asks to speak to Fleur, who was known to be straight talking both when she was alive and is now from the other side. Together, they confront some of the unhealthy patterns Cho is perpetuating in her career and in her family dynamics. If you have questions or comments about today's show you can email Karen and Kelly at info@thesarlos.com. Enjoy! Early access to Coffee with the Sarlos is available by audio on Thursday mornings on Patreon.com/thesarlos in our "Sips of Sanity Workshop" tier or higher. Coffee with the Sarlos is on all of your favourite podcast platforms. Be sure to Subscribe!

Harrys erster Kuss! Das nasse Vergnügen?Es ist wohl einer der besten Teile des gesamten Buches. Der Kuss zwischen Harry und Cho ist vorbei, aber wie in jedem packenden Spiel braucht es die Nachberichterstattung. Hier muss noch einmal alles durchgesprochen werden – und genau das machen Harry, Hermine und Ron jetzt. Eines ist auf jeden Fall klar: Harrys Hirn ist komplett überlastet. Der Kuss mit Cho hat ihn komplett aus der Bahn gehauen – aber im positiven Sinne? Das ist zumindest sehr fraglich.Aber nicht nur der Kuss an sich ist interessant, sondern auch die Reaktionen von Hermine und Ron sind pures Gold und könnten unterschiedlicher nicht sein. Von der „geschäftsmännischen“ Reaktion Hermines bis zu Rons Ekstase haben wir hier zwei starke Gegensätze. Gekrönt wird das Ganze von Harry, der wirklich keine Ahnung hat, was ihm da gerade passiert ist.Und um all dem die Krone aufzusetzen, moderieren und analysieren wir – Martin und Sophia – in gewohnter Manier diese Szene, die in keinem Teenie-Roman fehlen darf. Viel Spaß beim Zuhören! :) Ihr wollt uns live sehen? Am 18.10.25 in Bochum habt ihr die Chance.Tickets gibt's hier: https://t.rausgegangen.de/tickets/happy-potter-bochum Und jetzt viel Spaß beim Zuhören! Wir haben auch eine Patreon-Seite! Schaut doch mal vorbei, es gibt Bonus-Episoden, Sticker undandere aufregende Dinge! Besucht uns auf den sozialenNetzwerken, unsererWebseite und erzählt euren Freunden von uns! Vielleicht habendie ja auch Lustauf einen Harry-Potter-Podcast! Webseite: www.Happy-Potter.net Patreon: www.patreon.com/happypotter Discord: https://discord.gg/2EajMaGXpc Facebook: www.facebook.com/happypotterpodcast Instagram: @happypotterpod Twitter: @happypotterpod Und wir haben jetzt auch Playlists mit unseren Lieblingssongs: Martins Playlist: https://open.spotify.com/playlist/2IBxDsPVm1UdNBiW2QkgEJ?si=rU6HLkoFQfGGjvab8g8yEQ&pi=e-bKuIHap7RWCu Sophias Playlist: https://open.spotify.com/playlist/0kuOP0TujMhrqOWzLwUH1O?si=9LIZkc2nQTOajHPaqpP_RA&pi=e-tc6w0NgQRo-W Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Cześć, rewolucyjne ruchy z 1968 roku zmieniły Europę. Choć nie obaliły żadnego rządu zmieniły kontynent bardziej niż niejedna wojna. Od tamtego czasu regularnie spada dzietność. Krzywa urodzeń w Europie leci w dół i nic nie wskazuje na to, aby miało się to zmienić. W filmie omawiam przemiany jakie zaszły w europejskich społeczeństwach w latach 60-tych i z czego one wynikały. Porównałem to do okresu tuż po II wojnie światowej kiedy to rodziło się najwięcej dzieci w historii wielu państw, a w tym i Polski. Młodzi ludzie dwadzieścia lat później zaczęli podważać ład społeczny. Sprzeciwiać się konserwatywnym poglądom i zaprowadzać zmiany związane z obyczajowością, podejściem do ekologii, a nawet polityką. Więcej dowiecie zapoznając się z najnowszym odcinkiem. Zachęcam do posłuchania :)

On this episode of the AACC Podcast, Ray Chang and Reverend Dr. Abraham Cho explore the complexities of Asian American Christian leadership, the journey into ministry, and the cultural identity that shapes their experiences. They discuss the challenges of navigating predominantly white evangelical spaces, the diverging paths of career choices among Asian Americans, and the cultural costs associated with these dynamics. As they explore the evolving landscape of American Christianity, particularly focusing on the experiences and challenges faced by Asian American Christians, Dr. Cho points out the significance of cultural identity in faith and leadership, encouraging younger leaders to embrace their unique experiences and take initiative in their communities. Listen or download for the whole conversation and share your feedback with us! 

WE'RE BACK with the unhinged and unscripted weekly gatherings of The Strange Films Podcast. As we try to get our studio back together, we invited our good friend and talented Actor, Cory Davison to join the show. This is an audio only episode (sorry YouTube) as we continue to get things in place. We catch up on life over the past few months including Lucas going to Australia, our recent movie shoot for "CHO", recent watches like "Sinners" and "Nosferatu", and much more. Thanks for being here, we plan to drop new episodes every Thursday. -------------------------------------------------------------Check us out:strangefilmsstudios.comhttps://www.youtube.com/StrangeFilmsStudioshttps://www.patreon.com/AugustAguilar

Sklep Mao Powiedziane https://maopowiedziane.pl/ Dołącz do grona Patronów tego podcastu na http://www.patronite.pl/maopowiedziane  Posłuchaj dalszej części odcinka na kanale Mao Powiedziane Plus na Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/0ySk7ZCQPHXRGLeC7IaZkj?si=ciUq8dgETyi4Hw4Zmkl5Ug Jak połączyć konto na Patronite ze Spotify https://patronite.pl/post/71266/polacz-konto-na-patronite-ze-spotify  Chiny to państwo i cywilizacja, które różnią się od naszej – to truizm. Ale prawdą jest też, że wiele elementów kultury Państwa Środka, które uznajemy za „dziwne” i „egzotyczne”, zanika wraz z modernizacją. Nie można tego jednak powiedzieć o kanonach piękna. Choć za Wielkim Murem nie są one stałe, to w zmieniającym się kontekście politycznym od zawsze pozostawały papierkiem lakmusowym pozwalającym lepiej zrozumieć chińskie społeczeństwo. W dzisiejszym odcinku rozmawiamy o standardach chińskiej urody – zarówno z perspektywy współczesnej, jak i historycznej. Dołącz do naszego Discorda (dla Patronów) https://patronite.pl/post/59230/jak-dolaczyc-do-naszego-discordaPostaw nam kawę na http://buycoffee.to/maopowiedzianeInstagram: http://instagram.com/maopowiedzianeInstagram Nadii: http://instagram.com/nadia.urbanInstagram Weroniki: http://instagram.com/wtruszczynskaNapisz do nas: kontakt@maopowiedziane.pl 

Harrys erster Kuss! Endlich ist es so weit, Martin ist vollkommen aus dem Häuschen. So doll aus dem Häuschen ist er, dass er ganz vergessen hat, die Folgenbeschreibung zu machen und damit seine treue, kompetente und bezaubernde Kollegin Sophia mit dieser wichtigen Aufgabe betraut - ob er das bereuen wird?Sophia hat überhaupt dieses Mal den Jackpot geknackt, denn die Aufnahme hat am Morgen stattgefunden - eine Offenbarung!In Hogwarts hat der Dezember begonnen und Harry mangelt es an Kreativität was seine Freizeitgestaltung angeht. Besen polieren? Zauberlego bauen?Ron und Hermine müssen als Vertrauensschüler*innen die Erst- und Zweitklässler beaufsichtigen, damit die draußen nicht von Habichten geklaut werden. Martin hat zwarr mittlerweile eine Größe erreicht, die ihn vor Raubvögeln schützen sollte, aber trotzdem wäre ein Schutzanzug für Martin vielleicht eine gute Idee für das nächste Weihnachtsgeschenk...Die Weihnachtsferien stehen in Hogwarts an, Hermine geht Ski-Fahren und Ron ist beghosted von diesem Konzept. Und ihr solltet Martin mal über die Piste heizen sehen wie Ned Flanders! Harry ist positiv überrascht, dass er über die Feiertage von den Weasleys eingeladen ist und im Fuchsbau abhängen darf, auch wenn Sirius dann allein mit Kreacher feiert...Dumbledores Armee trifft sich ein letztes Mal vor Weihnachten und Harry bekommt ein mittelgutes Weihnachtsgeschenk von Dobby (oder eher hundert davon) und ein Weihnachtsküsschen von Cho. Und den Play-by-Play-Analysekommentar bekommen wir leider erst in der nächsten Folge. Nun bleibt mir nur noch eins: Martin ist ein kleiner Knilch, sein Blut besteht zu 90% aus Apfelschorle und er hat ein wahnsinniges Glück, eine so begabte, sympathische und bezaubernde Co-Moderatorin zu haben. Tüdelü! Viel Spaß beim Zuhören! :) Ihr wollt uns live sehen? Am 18.10.25 in Bochum habt ihr dieChance. Tickets gibt's hier: https://t.rausgegangen.de/tickets/happy-potter-bochum Und jetzt viel Spaß beim Zuhören! Wir haben auch eine Patreon-Seite! Schaut doch mal vorbei, es gibt Bonus-Episoden, Sticker undandere aufregende Dinge! Besucht uns auf den sozialen Netzwerken, unsererWebseite und erzählt euren Freunden von uns! Vielleicht haben die ja auch Lustauf einen Harry-Potter-Podcast! Webseite: www.Happy-Potter.net Patreon: www.patreon.com/happypotter Discord: https://discord.gg/2EajMaGXpc Facebook: www.facebook.com/happypotterpodcast Instagram: @happypotterpod Twitter: @happypotterpod Und wir haben jetzt auch Playlists mit unseren Lieblingssongs: Martins Playlist: https://open.spotify.com/playlist/2IBxDsPVm1UdNBiW2QkgEJ?si=rU6HLkoFQfGGjvab8g8yEQ&pi=e-bKuIHap7RWCu Sophias Playlist: https://open.spotify.com/playlist/0kuOP0TujMhrqOWzLwUH1O?si=9LIZkc2nQTOajHPaqpP_RA&pi=e-tc6w0NgQRo-W Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Kate Molleson explores the maverick spirit, fierce passions and phenomenal twilight years of Leoš JanáčekLeoš Janáček was a true Czech original. He heard music in the way people talk on the streets, loved the local and made it universal - pouring his “speech melodies” into pioneering, devastating operas, and writing some of the most intimate confessionals in instrumental music. His life also came with a major plot twist – after years of toiling away unappreciated, he suddenly found fame in his 60s. Instead of winding down, Janáček revved up. This week, Kate Molleson explores his maverick spirit, his fierce passions, and the phenomenal flood of inspiration of his twilight years.Music Featured:Sinfonietta (Fanfare) The Wild Duck In the Mists (2nd mvt, Molto adagio) The Fiddler's Child Songs of Hradčany (The Weeping Fountain) Jenůfa, Act II (Jenůfa's Prayer) Moravian Folk Poetry in Song, JW V/2 (No 2, Constancy) On the Overgrown Path (Our Evenings; A Blown Away Leaf) Diary of One Who Disappeared (Nos 19-22) Katya Kabanova: Act II Scene 2 "Jste to vy, Katěrino Petrovno?"…."Choď si, dívka, do času" The Cunning Little Vixen Act II “Fox Goldenstripe…..That's how it is!” Quartet No 1 ‘Kreutzer Sonata' (1st & 2nd mvts) March of the Blue Birds Říkadla - Nursery Rhymes (excerpt) Lachian Dances (Nos 3-6) Mládí On the Overgrown Path (No 9, In Tears) Pohádka – Fairytale Glagolitic Mass (Intrada) The Excursions of Mr Broucek Suite (The Moon Waltz) 1905 Sonata Capriccio (2nd & 3rd mvt) Glagolitic Mass (excerpt) Moravian Love Songs (No 10 ‘Love') Intimate Sketches (Waiting for You!) From the House of the Dead Suite (3rd mvt, Holiday is Coming) Quartet No 2 ‘Intimate Letters' On the Overgrown Path (No 7, Good Night)Presented by Kate Molleson Produced by Amelia Parker for BBC Audio Wales & WestFor full track listings, including artist and recording details, and to listen to the pieces featured in full (for 30 days after broadcast) head to the series page for Leos Janacek (1854-1928) https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m002c0h9And you can delve into the A-Z of all the composers we've featured on Composer of the Week here: http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/3cjHdZlXwL7W41XGB77X3S0/composers-a-to-z

Partnerem odcinka jest Incogni. Zajrzyjcie na ➡️ incogni.com/KRYMINAL lub użyjcie kodu KRYMINAL przy koszyku, aby otrzymać 60% zniżki na roczny plan! [reklama]26-letnia Carol Maltesi była kobietą, która próbowała ułożyć sobie życie na własnych zasadach. Tworzyła treści na OnlyFans, zaczęła pracę w branży filmów dla dorosłych, a wkrótce planowała przeprowadzkę, by być bliżej syna. Wydawało się, że wszystko powoli się układało. Do czasu. Pewnego dnia coś w jej odpisywaniu zaczyna niepokoić jej bliskich. Choć nadal publikuje nowe treści w internecie, nikt nie może się do niej dodzwonić. Czy na pewno wszystko u niej w porządku?ZAPROPONUJ SPRAWĘ ➡️ https://forms.gle/tTUPgnEBZGur47ds9 ----------------------------------------------------------------☕Postaw mi kawkę: https://buycoffee.to/kryminalnehistorie

May 16, 2025 - Join us for a discussion with Dr. Joan E. Cho, Associate Professor of East Asian Studies at Wesleyan University on her 2024 book Seeds of Mobilization: The Authoritarian Roots of South Korea's Democracy, which explores the nonlinear nature of South Korea's democratization. Using oral interviews, original protest datasets, and publications by student and labor activists, Cho illustrates how modernization structures such as industrial complexes and tertiary education initially bolstered authoritarian regimes before facilitating protests by various social movement groups, which ultimately succeeded in ushering in the country's democratization. During the discussion, Cho also describes how this historical legacy continues to impact Korean politics, including the generational divide and the recent Martial Law and impeachment episodes. This program is moderated by Korea Society policy director Jonathan Corrado.  This program is made possible by the generous support of our individual and corporate members and the Korea Foundation. This program is co-hosted by The Center for Korean Research at the Weatherhead East Asian Institute at Columbia University. For more information, please visit the link below: https://www.koreasociety.org/policy-and-corporate-programs/item/1993-seeds-of-mobilization-the-authoritarian-roots-of-south-korea-s-democracy

In April, Israel's Minister of National Security Itamar Ben-Gvir toured the United States in his first-ever trip to the country as a government official. Many Jewish groups refused to meet with Ben-Gvir, a follower of Meir Kahane whose extremism stands out even in an Israeli political scene awash in anti-Palestinian racism. But Ben-Gvir was welcomed by Chabad rabbis at Yale in New Haven, in South Florida, as well as at 770 Eastern Parkway, the Chabad headquarters in Crown Heights, Brooklyn. The latter appearance sparked protests outside 770, which were met with violence by Chabadniks. In particular, a mob chanting “Death to Arabs” chased a female passerby for several blocks, kicking, spitting, and throwing objects at her. Other videos showed Chabadniks lighting a keffiyeh on fire, shoving and kicking members of the Hasidic anti-Zionist group Neturei Karta, and bloodying a female protester (herself a Jewish Israeli). To discuss Chabad's alignment with Ben-Gvir, its long-standing antipathy to leftist movements, and its uneasy relations within Crown Heights, Jewish Currents editor-in-chief Arielle Angel spoke with Jewish studies scholars Shaul Magid and Hadas Binyamini. They discuss Chabad's historic anti-Zionism, the quasi-Zionist cultural shifts that have solidified after October 7th, and the tensions the movement is currently navigating between its outreach orientation and its increasingly exclusionary politics.Thanks to Jesse Brenneman for producing and to Nathan Salsburg for the use of his song “VIII (All That Were Calculated Have Passed).”Texts Mentioned and Further Resources:The Rebbe, the Messiah, and the Scandal of Orthodox Indifference, David Berger“Israel's Class War Conservatives,” Joshua Leifer, Jewish Currents “The three-decade saga that led to the Crown Heights tunnels,” Chananya Groner, The Guardian“The Happy-Go-Lucky Jewish Group That Connects Trump and Putin,” Ben Schreckinger, PoliticoLetter to Hitler from the German Free Association for the Interests of Orthodox Jewry, 1933“Lubavitcher Hassidim Oppose Public Demonstrations on Behalf of Soviet Jews,” JTA“The New Heimish Populism,” Joshua Leifer, Jewish CurrentsRace and Reli­gion Among the Cho­sen...

Help MuggleCast grow! Become a MuggleCast Member and get great benefits like Bonus MuggleCast! Patreon.com/MuggleCast  Grab official merch! MuggleCastMerch.com Pick up overstock merch from years past, including our 19th Anniversary Shirt! MuggleMillennial.Etsy.com On this week's episode, get your copy of The Quibbler (and quickly transfigure it) before Umbridge bans it! Join Andrew, Eric, Laura and Micah as they enjoy a brief compliment from Snape and finally get through *that* door at the Department of Mysteries! Chapter-by-Chapter continues with Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, Chapter 26: Seen and Unforseen. MuggleCast last discussed this chapter on Episode 463! Could Hermione have been a little softer on Harry concerning Cho? Does she share any blame for double-booking him in Hogsmeade? Hermione criticizes her friends reactions to the outcome of the Quidditch match. Does she have any fun outlets? Harry is having FOMO watching Ravenclaw vs. Gryffindor. But let's face it, it's not easy watching from the sidelines! Shockingly, Snape comes the closest he ever has to actually caring about teaching Harry Occlumency, but... of course... has to have the last laugh! We draw comparisons between Lupin teaching Harry the Patronus Charm and Snape teaching Harry Occlumency. Should Harry be farther along given he's been at this for two months? How did Harry get through the Department of Mysteries door during his Occlumency lesson when he's never been there in his dreams? The hosts agree that Dumbledore had Firenze in his back pocket to take over for Trelawney. Who did Dumbledore have on tap as a replacement for Hagrid? Voldemort finally learns only he or Harry can retrieve the prophecy. How is this not more common knowledge in the Wizarding World? How would've things been different if Voldemort never wasted time with this plan? Harry has direct line of sight into Voldemort's plan with Lucius Malfoy, Sturgis Podmore, Broderick Bode and Avery. Why not leak this info to The Quibbler? Odds & Ends cover The Streisand Effect and The Astronomy Tower MVP: Best All-Time Trelawney Moments (before she was fired) Lynx Line: Our patrons write Harry a short piece of fan-mail OR hate-mail to be delivered via Owl Post to the Great Hall at breakfast! Quizzitch: In banning The Quibbler, Umbridge only raises more interest in it. The concept of banning something only making it more popular is colloquially known as The Streisand Effect, after actress Barbara Streisand sued a photographer for publishing a photo in 2003. What was the photo of?   Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This week Cho is unexpectedly absent so Trae turns to the more-than-capable-and-very-hilarious Caleb Synan to talk All Things Fancy in his stead. Caleb is a fellow Small Town Southern Boy, so much of the talk centers around things like "thinking Outback Steakhouse is fancy" and "mixing vodka with Code Red". You know...trailer stuff. But we talk about travel and boats and stuff like that too, so it's fine. Enjoy, Airheads. TRAECROWDER.COM FOR DATES COREYRYANFORRESTER.COM FOR DATES  CALEBSYNAN.COM FOR DATES  STAYFANCYMERCH.COM FOR SWAG  WELOVECOREY.COM FOR BONUS PODS! Mando's Starter Pack is perfect for new customers. It comes with a Solid Stick Deodorant, Cream Tube Deodorant, two free products of your choice (like Mini Body Wash and Deodorant Wipes), and free shipping. As a special offer for listeners, new customers get $5 off a Starter Pack with our exclusive code. That equates to over 40% off your Starter Pack Use code POA at ShopMando.com Join this channel to get access to perks: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCE_luEVRgClC6dPceGVEZeg/join

Help MuggleCast grow! Become a MuggleCast Member and get great benefits like Bonus MuggleCast! Patreon.com/MuggleCast  Grab official merch! MuggleCastMerch.com Pick up overstock merch from years past, including our 19th Anniversary Shirt! MuggleMillennial.Etsy.com On this week's episode, listen during Chapter-by-Chapter as the MuggleCasters discuss Harry juggling TWO dates in Hogsmeade. One which may have been doomed from the start (with Cho), and another which likely changes the course of Wizarding history (with Rita). Andrew, Eric, Laura, Micah, and Slug Club guest Katie dig in, because it's time for Chapter 25 of Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. Welcome Slug Club member, Katie! The hosts wish to reassert their disavowal of J.K. Rowling for her role in making women less safe in the U.K. Please visit GLAAD's amazing page for links including FAQs, resources, and tips for allies. Chapter-by-Chapter continues with Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, Chapter 25: The Beetle at Bay. MuggleCast last discussed this chapter on Episode 462! Harry's feelings toward his fellow students in light of the Azkaban breakout headlines have us once more feeling like we are living in the books today. The Ministry's control of information and issuance of propaganda, the extent which is confirmed in this chapter, is massive but not perfect. Some who look deeper are beginning to see the cracks in the facade. Umbridge's power grabs are becoming unenforceable. The hosts discuss how her main goal appears to be to frighten and dissuade dissenters, even among the staff. Harry and students are impressed by Neville's recent hard work in the D.A. This reminds us about when we made the "Neville Gets Swole" Spotify playlist, perfect for your summertime runs and workouts! Is Hermione single-handedly changing the course of the Wizarding world? We think so. Is there anything the students can/should be doing about Hagrid and his probation? Or is his behavior just too weird, and the students too buried in coursework? Ron has a fair idea, but Hermione shuts him down cold. We hold a memorial service for Ron's strategical aptitude subplot from Book 1. In what ways was "Madame Puddifoot's" NOT the perfect Valentine's spot, and whose fault is it that Harry and Cho's date is a disaster? Was it doomed from the start? Is Rita Skeeter looking for redemption, or just some hot goss? Odds & Ends asks why Ron, Fred or George do not seem to know about Antonin Dolohov's connection with their uncles, nor do they mention it. Most #RealTalk moment of the week? Hosts weigh in. Lynx Line: we asked our Patrons to submit a one-sentence headline sure to grab all of the attention. Quizzitch: What prison was the site of the largest jailbreak in British history - when 38 inmates, members of the Irish Republican Army, overpowered guards in 1983? Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Last time we spoke about the Allied invasion of Borneo. The Allies initiated the invasion of Borneo, commanded by General Morshead. The operation, known as Operation Oboe, aimed to reclaim vital oilfields from the demoralized Japanese forces. Despite their fierce resistance, American troops swiftly captured strategic locations on the island. The Japanese, already struggling with low morale and supply shortages, were unable to mount an effective defense. Amid the intense fighting, Air Commodore Cobby's forces conducted air assaults on key targets, weakening Japanese positions. As American troops landed on Tarakan Island on May 1, they faced heavy fire but managed to gain significant territory by nightfall. By early May, despite the loss of ground, Japanese forces continued to resist fiercely. This victory in Borneo marked a turning point in the Pacific campaign, ultimately foreshadowing the decline of Japanese influence in the region and paving the way for further Allied advances. This episode is the Second Okinawa Offensive Welcome to the Pacific War Podcast Week by Week, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about world war two? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on world war two and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel you can find a few videos all the way from the Opium Wars of the 1800's until the end of the Pacific War in 1945.  Last we left off, by April 24, General Ushijima's 32nd Army had chosen to abandon the first line of Shuri defenses, with the exception of the extreme right in the Item Pocket area. However, the weary Japanese troops merely withdrew to the next line of prepared positions within the Shuri defense zone, ready to make the American invaders pay for every inch of territory gained. Observing this, General Hodge promptly ordered the 7th, 27th, and 96th Divisions to regroup and enhance their positions through aggressive maneuvers, seizing strategic ground in front of them and pushing back enemy outposts. His forces were also heavily depleted and exhausted, prompting him to plan a final offensive on April 26 before rotating in the relatively fresh 77th Division and the 1st Marine Division for support. Unbeknownst to him, the 62nd Division had suffered significant losses, nearly losing half of its original strength on the left flank. In response, Ushijima decided to move the 24th Division and the 44th Independent Mixed Brigade north to reinforce the Shuri defense zone, establishing a fallback position for retreating forces.This shift also meant that the southern areas were defended only by a hastily assembled Shimajiri Security Force of 5,500 men, drawn from rear-area supply units tasked with delaying any American advances from the south until the main infantry units could return.  The question of a second landing in southern Okinawa was considered by 10th Army most seriously before April 22. General Bruce, commander of the 77th Division, knew that his division would be committed in the Okinawa fighting as soon as lejima was secured. At Leyte the amphibious landing of the 77th Division behind the Japanese line at Ormoc had been spectacularly successful. General Bruce and his staff wished to repeat the move on Okinawa and urged it on the 10th Army command even before the division sailed from Leyte. As the Iejima fighting drew to a close, General Bruce pressed his recommendation to land his division on the southeast coast of Okinawa on the beaches just north of Minatoga. He believed that it would be necessary to effect a juncture with American forces then north of Shuri within ten days if the venture was to be successful. His plan was either to drive inland on Iwa, a road and communications center at the southern end of the island, or to push north against Yonabaru. General Buckner rejected the idea. His assistant chief of staff, G-4, stated that he could supply food but not ammunition for such a project at that time. The Minatoga beaches had been thoroughly considered in the planning for the initial landings and had been rejected because of the impossibility of furnishing adequate logistical support for even one division. The reefs were dangerous, the beaches inadequate, and the area exposed to strong enemy attack. Although beach outlets existed, they were commanded both by the escarpment to the west and by the plateau of the Chinen Peninsula. The 10th Army intelligence officer reported that the Japanese still had their reserves stationed in the south. Both the 24th Division and the 44th Independent Mixed Brigade were still in the area and could move quickly to oppose any landings. Artillery positions on the heights overlooking the beaches were fully manned. The 77th Division would be landing so far south that it would not have the support of the troops engaged to the north or of 24th Corps artillery. The steep terrain near the beaches favored the defense, and any unit there would be isolated. It might be more like Anzio than Leyte, Buckner suggested. Besides that, the three divisions on the line needed to be relieved, and Buckner's three unused divisions would all be needed there. On April 25, the main focus of action shifted to the Item Pocket, where Captain Bernard Ryan's Company F of the 165th Regiment surged forward following a 20-minute artillery bombardment to seize the summit of Ryan Ridge. Captain Ryan looked out over the rugged expanse of Ryan Ridge, where the Japanese forces entrenched at the top presented a formidable challenge. They controlled the crucial territory between Ryan and Fox Ridges, creating a dangerous stronghold that threatened his position. For Ryan, the solution lay in artillery fire. He understood that since the supporting fire would fall perpendicular to his attack route, the risk of overshooting or undershooting would be minimal, just a lateral deviation of fifteen yards. With this confidence, he ordered a twenty-minute artillery barrage on the slopes of the ridge.As dawn broke on the morning of the 25th, Ryan gathered his men from Company F. He stressed the importance of a swift ground assault to capitalize on the artillery support. However, this was no easy task; his company was tired, undermanned, and severely low on food and ammunition. Despite these challenges, the two assault platoons sprang into action the moment the first shells began to fall. They charged forward, propelled by the roar of mortars, machine guns, and antitank guns that kept enemy forces at bay.But as they sprinted towards the ridge, the enemy struck back fiercely. Enemy fire and natural obstacles thinned their ranks, yet thirty-one determined soldiers reached the summit. They found themselves standing on a jagged ridge, strewn with rocks and scarred vegetation, a treacherous landscape that added to their struggle. Just as the artillery fire began to fade, the Japanese emerged from their hidden positions: “spider holes,” pillboxes, and tunnels. The Americans stood ready, and for the next twenty minutes, a brutal fight erupted. They engaged in fierce hand-to-hand combat, reminiscent of earlier battles on Item Pocket ridge tops. The outcome was grim; thirty-five Japanese soldiers fell, and many more fled in panic. However, the Americans also paid a price, five were killed, and two wounded. Now, the real challenge began: consolidating their hard-won position. Captain Ryan knew that previous units had ascended these ridges only to be pushed back by the enemy. By late afternoon, only twenty-four effective soldiers remained atop the ridge, with each man averaging a mere six rounds of rifle ammunition. Medical supplies had run dry, and all the aid men had become casualties. Communication was severed, and Ryan could sense the tightening noose as the Japanese regrouped for an assault. Understanding the gravitas of their situation, Ryan devised a bold plan. He arranged for Company I to maneuver around to his right flank, hoping to replicate the success of the morning. At 4:05 PM, just fifteen minutes after artillery support resumed, Ryan and his company made their ascent once more, enduring five additional casualties along the route. Unfortunately, Company I struggled to reach the top, cut off by heavy enemy fire on the slopes. In a moment of desperation, Ryan and two men ventured out into the dark to seek reinforcement, a risky endeavor that could easily end in disaster. Although Company I was still bogged down, Captain Betts from Company K recognized the urgency of the situation and quickly mobilized his men. By midnight, all of Company K had reached the ridge, bolstering Ryan's weary but determined troops. As these events unfolded at Ryan Ridge, other companies from the 165th were locked in a brutal struggle at Gusukuma, located southwest of the ridge. Fierce fighting erupted as soldiers moved from wall to wall, tree to tree, fighting for every inch in the rubble of Gusukuma. Company A faced an unrelenting barrage, enduring fire from eight machine guns and a 47-mm antitank gun, much of which came from the yet-untamed eastern slope of Ryan Ridge. Amidst this chaos, Private First Class Richard King from Company A became a beacon of valor. In a remarkable display of courage, he climbed a tree to eliminate a Japanese soldier perched above and, from his vantage point, went on to kill ten more enemies before night fell. The day had been marked by sacrifice and bravery, with Captain Ryan and his men fighting heroically for every inch of ground gained on Ryan Ridge. As the sun set, they prepared for the challenges that lay ahead, their resolve unwavering amid the turmoil of war. Meanwhile, other companies of the 165th Regiment engaged fiercely in assaults against Gusukuma, gradually gaining ground at a high cost to both sides. At the same time, the 96th Division consolidated its position in front of Maeda and Kochi, while Colonel Pachler's 1st Battalion advanced 600 yards with minimal resistance to occupy the slope of Horseshoe Ridge. The following day, April 26, the general offensive resumed, with the bulk of the 165th Regiment continuing its costly advance into the heart of the Item Pocket, successfully clearing Gusukuma as Company F pushed along the crest of Ryan Ridge toward the northern end of the Machinato airstrip. To the east, the 105th Regiment advanced to the southern edge of Nakama, while the 106th Regiment extended the front line toward Yafusu. In the center, Colonel Halloran's 2nd Battalion launched an assault on the Maeda Escarpment but was quickly repulsed by a brutal barrage of Japanese fire across the front. However, elements of the 383rd Regiment managed to reach the crests of Hills 150 and 152, securing a strategic position to inflict heavy casualties on the enemy below, as tanks and armored flamethrowers moved to the outskirts of Maeda to wreak havoc. At 4 pm in the afternoon General Ushijima issued a terse order: “The enemy with troops following tanks has been advancing into the southern and eastern sectors of Maeda since about 1 pm. The 62d Division will dispatch local units . . . attack the enemy advancing in the Maeda sector and expect to repulse him decisively.” At the same time, adjacent 24th Division units were ordered to cooperate in this effort regardless of division boundary. Two hours later the Japanese commanding general issued another order: "The army will crush the enemy which has broken through near Maeda. The 24th Division will put its main strength northeast of Shuri this evening." Lastly, Pachler's 1st Battalion attempted to advance along the western flank of Kochi Ridge, while the 2nd Battalion moved along the eastern flank. Both battalions were immediately repelled by a barrage of enemy fire. The following day, efforts to establish physical contact between the two units proved costly and futile. Meanwhile, Halloran's 1st Battalion, along with elements of the 383rd Regiment, maneuvered through the saddle between Hills 150 and 152, receiving support from tanks and armored flamethrowers. Although tanks and infantry managed to penetrate to the southern edge of Maeda, the advance was halted by intense enemy fire. Atop the escarpment, an all-out effort was made to reduce a heavily fortified underground pillbox that separated Companies F and G; however, this attempt also failed. Concurrently, as the 105th Regiment organized a defensive line at Nakama, Colonel Stebbins' 2nd Battalion engaged in fierce combat around Yafusu in an effort to straighten their front lines. Meanwhile, the disorganized 165th Regiment continued clearing the Item Pocket, which was finally declared secure, although many Japanese troops remained hidden in deep caves and tunnels. Due to this disorganization and the sluggish progress in securing the pocket, General Griner ultimately decided to relieve Colonel Kelley of his command of the 165th. The regiment would then spend the remaining days of the month patrolling the Kuwan Inlet south of Machinato airfield. Griner's overextended and battered division would not undertake any further offensive actions until being relieved at the end of April. At sea, a Japanese suicide boat successfully dropped a depth charge near the destroyer Hutchins, which had to withdraw due to heavy damage. Additionally, Japanese aircraft reemerged during the night, with a kamikaze crashing into and sinking the ammunition ship Canada Victory, while other planes damaged two destroyers and a transport ship. Random factoid by the way, the SS Canada Victory was among the 531 Victory ships constructed during World War II as part of the Emergency Shipbuilding program. Launched by the Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation on January 12, 1944, she was completed on February 28, 1944. The ship was designated VC2-S-AP3 by the United States Maritime Commission, with hull number 93 (1009). Following her completion, the Maritime Commission transferred her to the civilian operator Alaska SS Company. This was merely a prelude to Admiral Ugaki's fourth mass Kikisui attack, which launched 115 kamikazes on April 28. While interceptor fighters destroyed most of these aircraft, seven managed to slip past the combat air patrol and crashed into destroyers Daly and Twiggs, the destroyer minesweeper Butler, the evacuation transport Pickney, and the hospital ship Comfort. On the ground, Halloran's Company K attempted to weaken resistance at the escarpment by moving through the 27th Division zone to the west and advancing southeast towards the Apartment House barracks, where they were met with heavy losses and forced to retreat. Meanwhile, on the western side of Kochi Ridge, Pachler's 3rd Battalion relieved the 1st Battalion and launched an attack into the gap between the ridge and Zebra Hill. They successfully led Company K through Kochi and into the cut, while Company L moved southward along the western slope. However, upon reaching the cut, both companies were met with a barrage of machine-gun fire, ultimately compelling them to withdraw. To the east, the 32nd Regiment faced delays in initiating their attack due to setbacks around Kochi, despite the successful raids by armored flamethrowers into the heart of Kuhazu. The following day, more kamikaze assaults inflicted additional damage on destroyers Hazelwood and Haggard. By the end of April, American pilots reported 1,216 air-to-air kills, while Japanese sources acknowledged losses exceeding 1,000 aircraft, including 820 destroyed in the first four Kikisui attacks. This left Admiral Ugaki with approximately 370 operational aircraft for future operations. It is also important to note that the Japanese pilots inflicted significant casualties, resulting in Admiral Spruance's 5th Fleet suffering the loss of 1,853 sailors killed or missing and 2,650 wounded, averaging one and a half ships hit per day. As April expired, a concerned Nimitz personally visited Okinawa, where Buckner reminded Nimitz that as a land battle, 10th Army operations fell under Army command. “Yes,” Nimitz replied, “but ground though it may be, I'm losing a ship and a half a day. So if this line isn't moving within five days, we'll get someone here to move it so we can all get out from under these stupid air attacks.” Nevertheless, by May, 10th Army had thoroughly bogged down into costly, unimaginative frontal assaults against southern Okinawa's heavily fortified Shuri line. Numerous 10th Army generals urged Buckner to “play the amphib card” and land the reserve 2nd Marine Division in southeastern Okinawa, behind Japanese lines. Buckner ultimately refused, claiming insufficient logistics. Nimitz concurred with Buckner, at least publicly, but few others did. Spruance, Turner, and Mitscher were themselves growing increasingly bitter at 10th Army's lack of progress, as well as USAAF lethargy constructing fighter airfields ashore that could finally relieve the battered carriers. Touring the developing Okinawa airstrips, a 5th Fleet staff officer discovered that General “Hap” Arnold had secretly been writing Okinawa's lead USAAF engineer, urging him to divert assigned fighter strip resources into building B-29 bomber airfields instead. An incredulous Spruance went ashore to investigate and discovered the allegation was true. Stunned, Spruance “turned that situation around in about 15 minutes.” On land, following an unsuccessful tank assault toward Onaga, the 32nd Regiment intensified pressure on enemy positions to the southeast to support operations against Kochi Ridge. However, the 17th Regiment's attacks were still stalled. Meanwhile, after fending off two strong counterattacks that resulted in approximately 265 Japanese casualties, the 383rd Regiment advanced to capture the crest of Hill 318 in fierce close combat. This critical victory finally enabled American forces to direct fire onto Shuri itself. On April 29, the 307th Regiment took over the Maeda Escarpment section of the line from the 381st, and the next morning, the 306th Regiment relieved the 383rd on the left flank of the 96th Division. Simultaneously, the 1st Marines relieved the 165th on the west coast, while the 5th Marines took over the line held by the 105th and 106th Regiments on May 1. Despite ongoing efforts, attacks against Kochi Ridge on April 30 once again failed. However, the 1st Battalion of the 32nd Regiment successfully established Company C on “Chimney Crag” and Company A on the “Roulette Wheel,” located on the ridge southwest of Kuhazu. During the night, large numbers of Japanese infiltrated behind these companies, disrupting the planned relief of the 32nd by the 184th Regiment. This relief, intended to be completed before dawn on May 1, was delayed until late in the afternoon. Despite this setback, Colonel Green's Company L managed to reach Gaja Ridge, positioned just in front of Conical Hill during the night. Concurrently, Colonel Hamilton's Company A attempted to mount ladders at the eastern end of the Maeda Escarpment but was quickly repelled by fierce defenders. On the western front, however, Company B successfully captured the edge of the escarpment using cargo nets by nightfall, although they were ultimately forced to withdraw due to heavy counterattacks later that night. Additionally, Hamilton's 3rd Battalion moved behind the escarpment to Nakama village, launching an attack eastward toward the Apartment House barracks area. Meanwhile, on the west coast, the 1st Marines had been attempting to advance south for two days but were repelled each time, suffering significant casualties. However, they did succeed in clearing an enemy pocket at Miyagusuku. On May 2, the 5th Marines finally joined the offensive but encountered stubborn resistance, while the 1st Marines continued to struggle to cross the draw south of Nakanishi village in their effort to reach the Jichaku ridge mass. To the east, Hamilton's Companies A and B positioned troops on the edge of the Maeda Escarpment but made no significant gains due to the enemy's intense machine-gun fire. The 17th Regiment eventually mopped up Onaga village, with the 1st Battalion taking control of the area, although they failed to capture Kochi during their renewed efforts. On May 3, after a dawn artillery preparation, the 1st Battalion on the east and the 3rd Battalion on the west advanced in a coordinated attack, which included a movement by Company C against How Hill on the eastern flank of Kochi Ridge. However, this entire effort was thwarted as heavy enemy artillery and machine-gun fire halted all progress. During 3 May the 1st Battalion, 307th Infantry, fought a desperate grenade battle to win the top of part of the escarpment. The Japanese showered the top with grenades and knee mortars from the reverse slope and with 81-mm. mortar fire from a distance. Men came back across the narrow top of the escarpment to the north side, swearing and crying, saying they would not go back into the fight. "Yet," observed one platoon leader, "in five minutes' time those men would go back there tossing grenades as fast as they could pull the pins."Finally, while the 1st Marines made only limited gains as they pushed toward the Asa River, the 5th Marines successfully cleared the Awacha Pocket and advanced between 300 and 600 yards in their zone. Unbeknownst to the Americans, their slow, incremental advances and the looming threat of a costly, protracted campaign were far from their only concerns. By the 29th General Cho had argued that in the present state of affairs, the Americans had the upper hand. If the status quo continued, the 32nd Army eventually would be wiped out. At this meeting, only Colonel Yahara spoke for continuing the war of attrition and avoiding an offensive. Yahara pointed out that in modern warfare a superiority of 3 to 1 was usually needed for successful attack. "To take the offensive with inferior forces… is reckless and would lead to certain defeat," he said. Second, the high ground around Minami-Uebaru had already fallen into American hands, giving them a major advantage in defensive terrain. Third, Yahara argued, a hasty offensive would fail, with thousands needlessly lost. Then, 32nd Army's reduced forces would be unable to hold Okinawa for a long period and unable to delay the invasion of Japan. A hasty attack would cause 32nd Army to fail in its duty. And yet, the other young staff members were silent. Cho then declared again that he hoped for an attack to snatch life from the midst of death. At this, Yahara left the room. All the other staff members then agreed to launch an offensive. Cho then tried to manage Yahara by sheer emotional force. At dawn on April 30, before Yahara "had time to splash water on his face," Cho appeared at his quarters. Cho squeezed Yahara's hand and said with genuine enthusiasm that there had been nothing but trouble between them in the past and that they would probably both die together on Okinawa. Cho then asked if Yahara, on this one occasion, would go along with the offensive. As Cho spoke, his tears fell abundantly. Yahara was deeply moved, despite his aloof reputation, and before long he was weeping too. He was overcome by Cho's sudden display of emotion and said, "I consent." Again I have to say, in the “battle of Okinawa” by Yahara, basically his memoirs, in which he notably lies a bunch to cover himself, but I digress, this moment amongst others are really interesting, I highly recommend reading the book. Cho's plan outlined that General Amamiya's 24th Division would lead the main effort on May 4, executing a two-pronged attack on the right half of the line. They intended to sweep past the Tanabaru Escarpment toward Minami-Uebaru hill, ultimately reaching the Futema-Atsuta line. Meanwhile, General Suzuki's 44th Independent Mixed Brigade was to shift from its reserve position behind the 62nd Division to a location northeast of Shuri and move northwest toward the coastal town of Oyama, effectively cutting off the 1st Marine Division's retreat. In conjunction with this, General Fujioka's battered 62nd Division would hold its position on the left flank and mount an offensive once the attacking units on its right had breached enemy lines. Additionally, the 23rd and 26th Shipping Engineer Regiments were tasked with conducting counterlandings in the American rear on the east and west coasts, respectively. The Japanese reasoned that success depended on the extent to which they could support their frontline troops with artillery, tanks, supplies, and communications. Their plans specified in detail the role that each of the support units was to play in the projected operations. Artillery units were ordered to regroup in preparation for the attack. Guns and howitzers were pulled out of cave positions and set up farther south in more open emplacements for greater flexibility. They were to open fire thirty minutes before the attack. When the infantry had driven through the American front lines, artillerymen were to move their weapons forward. The 27th Tank Regiment, hitherto uncommitted, was ordered to move from its position near Yonabaru during the night over several routes and support the attack in the Maeda area. To support this comprehensive offensive, Ugaki was alerted to prepare for the fifth mass Kikisui attack directed against the enemy's naval forces. Once the plans were finalized and preparations well underway, Ushijima and Cho celebrated with a pre-victory banquet in their chambers at headquarters. Even as Ushijima's banquet was underway, offensive operations had commenced. Japanese troops infiltrated behind American lines during the night while the shipping engineers prepared for their counterlandings. The 26th and 23d Shipping Engineer Regiments set out up the west and east coasts. On beaches south of Naha and Yonabaru, men of the shipping engineer regiments piled into barges and assault boats. Also, small groups of soldiers with light machine guns infiltrated behind U.S. lines on the night of 3 May to attack Americans as they became visible at dawn. Small units of three or four men, variously designated as "reconnaissance raiding" and "rear harassing" teams, proceeded toward the American lines to attack command posts, heavy weapons, communications, and depots and to send back information by means of smoke signals. The 27th Tank Regiment rumbled up to Ishimmi, several of its tanks being severely damaged by American artillery fire en route. Ugaki's fifth Kikisui attack began on the afternoon of May 3, when at least 19 kamikazes sortied from Formosa, stealthily approaching the American convoys. They successfully sank the destroyer Little and one landing craft, while severely damaging two destroyer-minelayers and another landing craft. Additionally, Japanese aircraft targeted shore installations, focusing their efforts on Yontan airfield. In Nakagusuku Bay, a suicide boat further damaged a cargo ship. At 02:00 on May 4, most of the boats from the 26th Shipping Engineer Regiment were spotted approaching the heavily defended area of Kuwan. Armed with antitank guns, heavy machine guns, light arms, and thousands of satchel charges, several hundred men of the 26th Shipping Engineer Regiment headed under overcast skies for landing places below Yontan and Kadena airfields. They miscalculated their position and turned, into the shore at a point where it was heavily defended. At 0200 riflemen of the 1st Marine Division on the sea wall near Kuwan caught sight of ten barges and opened up with concentrated fire. Naval flares lighted up the area. One company fired 1,100 rounds from 60-mm. mortars. Several enemy barges burst into flames. One platoon of marines used fifty boxes of ammunition and burned out six machine-gun barrels as it sprayed the Japanese trying to cross the reef. Although many of the engineers managed to reach the shore, some fled back to the Japanese lines, while others were trapped in Kuwan, where they were mopped up by the Marines at their leisure. A smaller group of Japanese forces advanced almost as far as Chatan, ultimately landing at Isa, where they were contained without much difficulty and destroyed the following day. The amphibious assault was even less successful on the east coast of Okinawa, as the 25th Shipping Engineer Regiment attempted to land near Ouki. Most of these troops were killed by fire from ships in Buckner Bay or by the 7th Division Reconnaissance Troop on land. As a result, the Japanese suffered losses of 500 to 800 men and nearly all their landing craft during these amphibious assaults. At 05:00, Ugaki initiated his main mass attack, launching 125 kamikazes and 103 escorting fighters from Kyushu to target Admiral Rawlings' Task Force 57, which was currently striking the Miyako and Ishigaki airfields. Taking advantage of the weakened anti-aircraft defenses, the kamikazes managed to score hits on the carriers Formidable and Indomitable, though both vessels ultimately survived. They also targeted American shipping, successfully sinking destroyers Morrison and Luce, along with three landing craft. Additionally, they inflicted further damage on the light cruiser Birmingham, the escort carrier Sangamon, the destroyer Ingraham, and two destroyer-minelayers, resulting in a total of 589 sailors killed.   On land, following a heavy artillery bombardment during the night, the 24th Division commenced its main assault. In the pitch darkness Japanese troops made their way toward the American front lines. At 0500 two red flares ordered them to attack. As the artillery fire became heavy, a guard of Company A, 17th Infantry, on a hill just north of Onaga, dropped back below the crest for cover. He thought that the enemy would not attack through his own artillery, but the enemy did just that. A few Japanese appeared on the crest and set up a light machine gun. Pfc. Tillman H. Black, a BAR man, killed the gunner, and as more of the enemy came over the crest he killed four Japanese who tried to man the machine gun. The enemy advanced over the crest in ragged groups, enabling Black to hold his own. Soon the whole company was in action and drove the enemy off the crest. The Japanese abandoned three light machine guns, four mortars, and much ammunition. At another point a surprise attack nearly succeeded. On high ground 1,000 yards east of Onaga a group of Japanese crept up the hill in front of Company I, 184th, commanded by Capt. James Parker. In the sudden onslaught that followed, two heavy machine gun crews abandoned their positions. One of them left its weapon intact, and the Japanese promptly took it over and swung it around on the company. Parker, watching the attack from the ridge, had anticipated the move. The Japanese managed to fire one burst; then Parker destroyed the usurped weapon with his remaining heavy machine gun. For an hour or two longer the Japanese clung to the forward slopes, firing their rifles amid shrill screams, but they made no further progress. By dawn the general pattern of the Japanese attack on the left (east) of the 14th Corps line was becoming clear. In the 184th's sector the enemy's 89th Regiment, following instructions to "close in on the enemy by taking advantage of cover,"had advanced around the east slopes of Conical Hill, crept across the flats, and assembled in force around the "Y ridges" east of Onaga. They had outflanked three companies of the 184th on Chimney Crag and the Roulette Wheel north of Kuhazu, and had also managed to evade the forward battalions of the 17th around Kochi. Another Japanese element had attacked 7th Division lines on the high ground north of Unaha. At dawn 1st Lt. Richard S. McCracken, commanding Company A, 184th, observed 2,000 Japanese soldiers in the open area east and north of Kuhazu. They were perfect "artillery meat." Unable to get through to his artillery support, McCracken called his battalion commander, Colonel Maybury, and described the lucrative targets. Maybury was equally pleased. McCracken suggested, however, that the Colonel should not be too happy--a group of Japanese at that moment was within 100 yards of Maybury's observation post. There was indeed a party of Japanese busily unlimbering two 75-mm, howitzers just below Maybury. But Company C, 17th Infantry, had spotted this activity, and within a few minutes maneuvered tanks into position and scattered the enemy group. Artillery eliminated the Japanese caught in the open. A mortar duel ensued, sometimes at ranges of 250 yards. The 3d Battalion, 32d, also poured fire on the enemy there. After the impetus of the attack was lost, a Japanese officer stood out on open ground and waved his saber to assemble his men for an attack. American mortarmen waited for a worth-while target to develop, then put mortar fire on it. Four times the officer assembled a group, only to have his men killed or scattered, before he was finally killed. While the 7th Division was repelling the Japanese attack in the eastern sector of the 14th Corps line, the 77th Division was blunting the other enemy "spearhead" in the center. Here the Japanese 32d Regiment, supported by tanks and engineers, attacked behind intense artillery fire. This sector was the critical point of attack, for a break-through here would enable the supporting 44th Independent Mixed Brigade to cut west and isolate the 1st Marine Division. Transportation difficulties beset the 32d Regiment almost from the start. During the night light tanks drove out of Shuri up the Ginowan road (Route 5), but American artillery interdicting the road prevented medium tanks from following. The mediums had to take a long detour, which was in such poor condition that only two of the tanks could enter into the attack. Trucks and artillery also were slowed down. Even foot troops had trouble in moving. One Japanese infantryman recorded that his column was shelled on the way and that everyone except himself and one other was wounded. Another wrote of encountering "terrific bombardment" on the way to Kochi. These difficulties severely handicapped the 32d Regiment in ensuing operations. Supported by nine light tanks, the 3d Battalion led the assault of the 32d Regiment against the 306th Infantry, 77th Division, before dawn on 4 May. The enemy mounted his assault from southeast of Hill 187 and hit the 77th where Route 5 curled around the east end of Urasoe-Mura Escarpment. The Japanese drove into the front lines of the 1st Battalion, 306th, near Maeda. Shortly before daylight, when the Japanese infantry had failed to take its initial objectives east of Hill 187, Colonel Murakami, commanding the 27th Tank Regiment, became impatient and recklessly committed his own infantry company, a standard element of a Japanese tank regiment. American artillery fire destroyed one platoon, disrupting the attack, and daylight found the surviving troops in a precarious position across from the American lines. Colonel Murakami ordered the company to withdraw, but artillery fire prevented a retreat during the day. When the Japanese used smoke for concealment, the Americans simply blanketed the obscured area with shell fire. The survivors straggled back to their front lines after nightfall. All the light tanks that had supported the attack were lost. By 07:30, the 306th Regiment had effectively repelled the enemy. The Japanese, broken up into small groups, attempted to withdraw across terrain subjected to heavy artillery and mortar fire, but few made it through. By 08:00, the 89th Regiment had also been pushed beyond grenade range along the entire front of the 7th Division. Instead of retreating or pressing the assault, however, Kanayama's troops made the critical mistake of milling about in the exposed flatlands, rendering them easy targets for American heavy weaponry. As a result, the 89th Regiment suffered severe losses from concentrated land, naval, and air bombardment, losing half its strength. Colonel Yoshida's 22nd Regiment in the center fared no better; its advance was delayed by the necessity of laying smoke, and it encountered significant hardships when the smoke unexpectedly cleared. In the center of the line the Japanese 22d Regiment was never able to fulfill its role of following up the "successful" advance of flank units, and the regiment spent the day locked in a violent fire fight with men of 3/306, 3/17, and 1/17 holding the Kochi-Onaga area. The Japanese reported the 22d "was not able attain results worth mentioning." Unbeknownst to the Americans, elements of the 1st Battalion of the 22nd Regiment had penetrated more than 1,000 yards behind American lines near Kochi, identifying a significant weak point before pulling back to the regimental line. Nevertheless, due to the overall failure of the 24th Division, the 44th Independent Mixed Brigade was not even committed to the attack. On the fronts at Maeda and the west coast, American forces made some gains. Hamilton's 1st Battalion successfully executed a complex demolition assault on the extensive cave-tunnel-pillbox network located about 200 feet west of the eastern end of the escarpment, effectively repulsing several subsequent counterattacks and inflicting approximately 600 casualties on the Japanese. The 5th Marines also advanced up to 400 yards through hotly contested terrain during the day. Although pinned down in the coastal area, Colonel Chappell's 1st Battalion managed to break through a defile east of Jichaku, while the 3rd Battalion secured a ridge approximately 400 yards ahead of its position. Despite the apparent failure of the Japanese attack, Amamiya refused to abandon the offensive, ordering a renewed effort during the night. Kitago's uncommitted 1st Battalion, along with the attached 26th Independent Battalion, was directed to penetrate the enemy lines northwest of Kochi in a night attack, aiming to replicate the breakthrough achieved by elements of the 1st Battalion of the 22nd Regiment. Following another artillery bombardment, the Japanese launched their assault against the 306th Regiment at 02:00 on May 5. However, this attack was quickly disrupted by American artillery. Three hours later, the Japanese struck again, this time supported by tanks. They pressed through artillery and mortar fire to engage the 306th in close combat. Fierce firefights erupted along the regiment's entire line, resulting in the Japanese suffering 248 dead during the fighting. Amid the chaos, a significant portion of Kitago's 1st Battalion successfully infiltrated behind American lines, breaching the defenses at a point between Route 5 and Kochi. While approximately 90 of the infiltrators were quickly killed while assaulting the command post of the 306th Regiment, around 450 Japanese troops crossed the divisional boundary and managed to reoccupy the town of Tanabaru and the Tanabaru Escarpment, effectively cutting off the supply road for the 17th Regiment. In response, Pachler sent Company E to eliminate the infiltrators, but they underestimated the enemy's strength and were repelled with heavy losses. With Company E stalled on the eastern slope of the escarpment, Company F, supported by tanks, attempted a broad flanking maneuver. They successfully pushed through Tanabaru, spending the day destroying the enemy's hastily established defenses. Company E then took over the assault, and by nightfall, they had reached the top of the Tanabaru Escarpment following a mortar preparation. The relentless battle for the Tanabaru Escarpment continued for the next two days, resulting in the Japanese losing 462 killed behind American lines. Only a few men managed to escape the Tanabaru death trap and return to the Shuri lines. Made even more desperate by the failure of Amamiya's grand attack, the ragtag battalions of the 62nd Division fought to the death to defend the vital western approaches to Shuri, ensuring that every yard gained came at a steep price in Marine lives. Each pillbox, cave, and tomb became a stronghold that unleashed a torrent of fire against the attacking Marines from all directions. Despite this fierce resistance, Del Valle's units made significant progress on May 5. The 5th Marines advanced their lines by an average of 300 yards, while the 1st Marines seized the high ground along the Asa River. At the Maeda Escarpment, the reverse slope was slowly captured as caves were blasted and sealed off. By midnight, it became clear to Ushijima that the counteroffensive had failed, with the Japanese suffering approximately 6,227 dead and losing 59 artillery pieces. In turn, the 7th and 77th Divisions, which had absorbed the brunt of the enemy counterattack, sustained 714 losses. Despite these heavy casualties, the 1st Marine Division, which continued its push to the south, incurred corresponding losses of 649 men. This indicated that the Americans experienced greater losses due to the Japanese defensive tactics of attrition. However, the morale of the 32nd Army had been shattered, as the Japanese abandoned all hope for a successful outcome from the operation. Nevertheless, the 24th Division and 5th Artillery Command were ordered to reorganize and shift to a holding action. This strategy aimed to bleed American strength by forcing the 10th Army to maintain its slow, deadly, yard-by-yard advance into the fire of prepared positions. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. In the fierce Second Okinawa Counteroffensive, weary American troops pressed into determined Japanese defenses. Captain Ryan's valor led to hard-won territory despite heavy casualties. As chaos unfolded, Japanese morale waned, marking a turning point. The relentless battle showcased unparalleled sacrifice, foreshadowing the Allies' gradual victory in the Pacific.  

Help MuggleCast grow! Become a MuggleCast Member and get great benefits like Bonus MuggleCast! Patreon.com/MuggleCast  Grab official merch! MuggleCastMerch.com Pick up overstock merch from years past! MuggleMillennial.Etsy.com On this week's episode, grab your tissues because we're discussing Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, Chapter 21: The Eye of the Snake. And speaking of Hagrid-centric chapters, it looks like the Harry Potter TV Show has found its Rubeus!  Harry Potter TV Show News: Nick Frost is reportedly up for the role of Hagrid! We discuss if he can pull off this pivotal role and what we know him from. Chapter by Chapter resumes with Order of the Phoenix Chapter 21, The Eye of the Snake (gulp). Despite Hermione's best efforts, Hagrid decides to teach a class on Thestrals. We break down the pro's and con's of this decision. If most of the class can't see a creature, does that make it a bad lesson? Not necessarily! But Hagrid could've designed this class better. What did Hagrid's 'shrieking cry' sound like? Shouldn't there be some magic that allows those who haven't seen death to be able to see Thestrals? At least for research purposes it would make sense! Speaking of seeing death, is it strange that Umbridge herself can't see Thestrals?  Should Dumbledore have warned Hagrid about what Umbridge has been up to at the school? Or DID they talk once Hagrid returned? The second half of this chapter has a big Life Moment for Harry: His first kiss! Was it Cho or Harry who made the first move? And how should Harry have reacted when she was crying? We recount our First Kiss stories, and this week's Lynx Line asks Patrons if they had a bad first kiss themselves! Quizzitch: Capable of reaching a length of roughly 19 feet and weighing around 28 lbs, what is the largest known venomous snake species in the world? Visit MuggleCast.com for transcripts, social media links, our full episode archive, our favorite episodes, and to contact us! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices