Podcasts about Cho

I interviewed 60 Brits to debunk one of psychology's greatest myths. Priming is one of the best-known biases in behavioural science. Kahneman mentions it 35 times in his best-selling book Thinking Fast and Slow. And yet, I'm not convinced it really works. In five separate experiments, I tested it. Does priming work, or is it a myth?  The studies:  Authenticity study: https://ibb.co/5W14DM2N Creativity study: https://ibb.co/FbxxNMDf Guilty study: https://ibb.co/XrTLXrY4 Anchoring + priming study: https://ibb.co/99LLw7G9 Reading time study: https://ibb.co/LDYc18yF ---  Subscribe to the (free) Nudge Newsletter: https://nudge.ck.page/profile Connect on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/phill-agnew-22213187/ Watch Nudge on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@nudgepodcast/ Learn more about Voxpopme: https://www.voxpopme.com/ ---  Sources:  Bargh, J. A., Chen, M., & Burrows, L. (1996). Automaticity of social behavior: Direct effects of trait construct and stereotype activation on action. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(2), 230–244. Chernev, A. (2011). Semantic anchoring in sequential evaluations of vices and virtues. Journal of Consumer Research, 37(5), 761–774. Doyen, S., Klein, O., Pichon, C. L., & Cleeremans, A. (2012). Behavioral priming: It's all in the mind, but whose mind? PLoS ONE, 7(1), e29081. Fitzsimons, G. J., Chartrand, T. L., & Fitzsimons, G. M. (2008). Automatic effects of brand exposure on motivated behavior: How Apple makes you “think different”. Journal of Consumer Research, 35(1), 21–35. Goldsmith, K., Cho, E., & Dhar, R. (2012). Priming creativity: The effects of subliminal priming on creative problem solving. In Z. Gürhan-Canli, C. Otnes, & R. Zhu (Eds.), Advances in Consumer Research (Vol. 40, pp. 472–473). Association for Consumer Research. Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. Kahneman, D. (2012, September 26). A letter to the priming research community [Open email].

Bầu trời luôn có 1 sự hấp dẫn cực lớn với Trí. Có một giai đoạn ngày trước Trí rất thích nhảy dù, và mỗi khi đến sân bay để lên trên thì Trí thấy khá nhiều người lái máy bay riêng như một thú vui. Nghe hấp dẫn nhỉ...Cho nên là Trí phải tìm cho ra một người để có thể nói về mấy chuyện... trên trời. Mạch Khanh là nữ phi công ở Việt Nam với 1500 giờ bay, hiện là cơ phó của một hãng bay trong nước. Một cô gái dễ thương nhưng cũng mạnh mẽ, đây là một "good mix" và thi thoảng Trí mới thấy những sự tương phản rõ nét vầy.

Last time we spoke about the North Borneo Offensive. General Buckner's 10th Army captured strategic locations, including Shuri Castle, marking a turning point. Simultaneously, General Eichelberger's forces liberated Mindanao, overcoming tough Japanese defenses in the mountainous terrain. As they approached Malaybalay, fierce resistance resulted in heavy casualties, but the Americans persisted, inflicting significant losses on their foes. By June 9, the Americans pressed further into the enemy's defensive lines, leading to intense combat. The Marines landed on the Oroku Peninsula, where fierce fighting revealed the tenacity of the Japanese defenders. General Ushijima prepared for a final stand, as American forces began to encircle and dismantle Japanese positions. As the campaign unfolded, Australians under Brigadier Whitehead launched the North Borneo Offensive, landing on Tarakan and swiftly pushing the Japanese into the rugged interior.  This episode is Victory at Okinawa Welcome to the Pacific War Podcast Week by Week, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about world war two? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on world war two and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel you can find a few videos all the way from the Opium Wars of the 1800's until the end of the Pacific War in 1945.  Okinawa was more than just a battlefield; it became a symbol of sacrifice, the last heroic stand of a fading empire. By this point in the war, Japan was facing inevitable defeat, yet their resolve remained unbroken. They clung to the samurai spirit, determined to fight to the bitter end out of honor and duty. The stakes were high. Japan needed precious time to fortify its home islands, to stretch the conflict as long as possible. To achieve this, over 100,000 brave souls were sent into the fray, sacrificing their lives to slow the American advance and inflict as many casualties as they could. As we've explored in previous episodes, this fierce determination fueled their resistance. And now, we stand at a pivotal moment, the final days of the Battle of Okinawa, the last major confrontation of the Pacific War. As we last left the battlefield, it was June 16, General Buckner's 10th Army had made significant strides, capturing most of southern Okinawa and finally breaking through the last major enemy defenses at the Yaeju Dake-Yuza Dake Escarpment. The remnants of General Ushijima's 32nd Army were now locked in a desperate fight to hold onto the Kiyamu Peninsula, slowly being pushed back toward the sea and their ultimate demise. The following day, June 17, the assault continued with renewed determination. General Geiger's 3rd Amphibious Corps pressed on through Kunishi Ridge, while General Hodge's 24th Corps worked to consolidate its hard-won gains in the escarpment. On the west coast, General Shepherd's 6th Marine Division took action as Colonel Roberts' 22nd Marines stepped in to relieve the weary 2nd Battalion, 7th Marines at the northern slope of Mezado Ridge. With a fierce spirit, they began to push southward, successfully securing most of the ridge. To the east, General Del Valle's 1st Marine Division forged ahead. Colonel Snedeker's fresh 3rd Battalion took over from the exhausted 1st Battalion and advanced 1,400 yards to seize the high ground just east of Mezado. Meanwhile, the 2nd Battalion, 5th Marines fought hard to capture the remaining positions of Kunishi Ridge, achieving only a gradual extension to the east. Colonel Griebel's 3rd Battalion moved in behind them to reinforce the isolated Marines, bravely fending off a fierce counterattack under the cover of night. Further east, Colonel Dill's 382nd Regiment systematically eliminated the last enemy positions in the Yuza-Ozato-Yuza Dake area, while Colonel Halloran's 381st Regiment held firm and maintained their lines. In a key maneuver, Colonel Pachler's 17th Regiment launched a successful assault, capturing Hill 153 before Colonel Green's 184th Regiment took over during the night. Lastly, Colonel Finn's 32nd Regiment secured the reverse slopes of Hill 115, preparing to launch an attack on Mabuni and Hill 89. By nightfall, Hodge's 24th Corps had firmly secured all the commanding heights of the Yaeju Dake-Yuza Dake Escarpment. Most of Mezado Ridge and Kunishi Ridge were now in American hands, and Colonel Wallace's 8th Marines had landed in the rear to bolster the western push. For the first time, American forces across the line looked down upon nearly eight square miles of enemy-held territory, a staggering view of what lay ahead. Realizing they were forced from their last defensive positions and that their destruction was imminent, the 32nd Army began to unravel, collapsing into chaos. On June 18, Hodge's troops seized the opportunity to strike decisively. The 32nd Regiment advanced down the coast toward Mabuni, facing increasing resistance. The 184th Regiment moved down the reverse slopes of Hill 153, closing in on Medeera, while the 381st Regiment speedily crossed the plateau, tackling scattered enemy fire to seize the high ground just 400 yards north of Medeera. Simultaneously, Dill's 3rd Battalion crashed through a rugged maze of caves and pillboxes, making a daring 600-yard advance to the base of the rocky ridge north of Aragachi. To the west, Griebel's 1st Battalion circled the eastern end of Kunishi Ridge, battling heavy resistance to gain the lower slopes of Hill 79. Further west, Roberts' 2nd Battalion pushed through the 3rd and aimed for Kuwanga Ridge, successfully seizing an 1,800-yard stretch by late afternoon. As they advanced, the 3rd Battalion, 4th Marines moved forward to occupy the eastern end of the ridge. Meanwhile, the remainder of the 22nd Marines began to mop up the remnants of resistance on Mezado Ridge. Tragedy struck when Colonel Roberts was tragically killed by a sniper near his observation post during this operation. Lieutenant-Colonel August Larson would succeed him in command. Sadly, Roberts would not be the only American commander to fall that day. In the heart of the Marine line, the 8th Marines were finally called into action in the morning to relieve the weary 7th Marines. After a rigorous artillery bombardment to soften up the enemy defenses, Wallace's 2nd Battalion began its advance south toward the Kuwanga-Makabe Road, successfully capturing the high ground just north of the road by late afternoon. Meanwhile, General Buckner decided to visit Wallace's command post on Mezado Ridge around midday. He observed the 8th Marines' steady progress in the valley, taking stock of their relentless push forward. Tragically, as he was leaving the observation post, disaster struck. Five artillery shells rained down, one striking a coral outcrop near him. The jagged shards of coral filled the air, and Buckner was mortally wounded in the chest. He died within minutes, just days shy of achieving his goal: the complete capture of Okinawa. With Buckner's passing, General Geiger, as the senior troop commander, took over temporary command of the 10th Army for the remainder of the battle. Buckner became the highest-ranking American military officer killed in World War II and would hold that somber distinction throughout the entire 20th century. On June 18, the final written order from General Ushijima of the 32nd Army outlined a daring escape plan. He designated an officer to lead the "Blood and Iron Youth Organization," tasked with conducting guerrilla warfare once organized combat had ceased. Simultaneously, he ordered his remaining troops to make their way to the northern mountains of Okinawa, where a small band of guerrillas was rumored to be operating.  In his message he congratulated them on fulfilling their "assigned mission in a manner which leaves nothing to regret." He urged them to "fight to the last and die for the eternal cause of loyalty to the Emperor." This movement was not to happen in haste. Soldiers were instructed to travel in small groups of two to five over the course of several days. They were urged to don civilian clothes and avoid confrontation whenever possible. In a clever stratagem, most of the army staff officers were directed to leave the command post disguised as native Okinawans, aiming to infiltrate American lines and find safety in northern Okinawa. Some individuals, like Colonel Yahara, were entrusted with the mission of reaching Japan to report to the Imperial General Headquarters. Others were tasked with organizing guerrilla operations, focusing on harassing the rear areas of the 10th Army and Island Command, determined to continue the fight against the American forces in any way they could. Again I have read Yahara's book on the battle of Okinawa and despite being full of apologetic stuff and attempts to make himself look better, its one of the most insightful books on the Japanese perspective. You get a lot of information on how bad it was for the Okinawan civilians in caves, harrowing stuff. I highly recommend it. The American attack pressed on into June 19, though it faced delays due to the influx of civilian and military prisoners. Not all of the 32nd Army survivors were imbued with a will "to die for the eternal cause of loyalty to the Emperor." Loudspeakers mounted on tanks in the 7th Division's front lines and on LCI's that cruised up and down the coast line were successful in convincing over 3,000 civilians to surrender. Far more significant, however, were the 106 Japanese soldiers and 238 Boeitai who voluntarily gave up during the division's advance on 19 June. The relentless attack of American troops, coupled with intensive efforts by psychological warfare teams, brought in increasing numbers of battle-weary Japanese and Okinawans who had decided that the war was lost and their cause was hopeless. It is not inconceivable that every enemy soldier who surrendered meant one less American casualty as the wind-up drive of Tenth Army continued. Despite these challenges, the 32nd Regiment advanced to within just 200 yards of the outskirts of Mabuni. Meanwhile, the 184th and 381st Regiments coordinated their efforts, closing in on Medeera from the south and east. The 382nd Regiment pressed forward, overcoming fierce resistance as they reached the ridges overlooking Aragachi. Tragically, General Easley became the third major high-ranking casualty in just two days. The 5th Marines launched multiple assaults on Hills 79 and 81, but their efforts were met with fierce opposition and ended in failure. Wallace's 3rd Battalion, facing only light resistance, captured Ibaru Ridge, the last high ground before the sea, before pushing onward to the coastal cliffs. On the eastern front, Griebel's 3rd Battalion successfully seized Makabe and then joined forces with the 8th Marines to secure the coastal zone. Colonel Shapley's 4th Marines advanced alongside the 8th Marines throughout most of the day but were unable to reach the coast, halted by a formidable enemy position along the Kiyamu-Gusuku hill mass. Further south, Colonel Whaling's 29th Marines passed through the 22nd Marines and moved rapidly, also facing light resistance, reaching the base of the Kiyamu-Gusuku hill mass to link up with the 4th Marines before nightfall. As darkness enveloped the battlefield, Shepherd launched an attack on the hill mass. The 4th Marines successfully seized Hill 80, but they could only establish strong positions on the left flank of Hill 72. The 29th Marines encountered minimal opposition as they swept forward toward the southern coast. Meanwhile, the 5th Marines continued their relentless assaults on Hills 79 and 81, managing to capture most of Hill 79 before losing the crest at the last moment. Their tank-infantry assaults against Hill 81, however, once again ended in defeat. Looking east toward Hodge's front on June 21, the 382nd Regiment cleared out the last remnants in Aragachi, while the 381st Regiment seized the northern outskirts of Medeera. In the dark hours of June 20, the last courier contact was made between the Medeera pocket and the Hill 89 pocket. General Amamiya, commander of the 24th Division, issued a desperate order directing all his units "to fight to the last man in their present positions." At the time he gave this ultimatum, he had very few infantrymen left to defend the Medeera position. The relentless advance of the Marines had nearly annihilated the 22nd and 32nd Regiments, while the 96th Division had decimated the 89th Regiment at Yuza Dake and Aragachi. With their ranks severely depleted, the remaining defenders were a ragtag collection of artillerymen, drivers, corpsmen, engineers, Boeitai, and headquarters personnel drawn from nearly every unit of the L-Day island garrison. Those who managed to avoid surrender or sought to evade capture fought with the fierce determination of fanatics, resolutely defending their positions against overwhelming odds. Meanwhile, Colonel Coolidge's 305th Regiment, engaged in a vigorous mopping-up operation behind the lines of the 96th Division, prepared for an assault on Makabe Ridge. The 184th Regiment managed to secure the hills overlooking Udo, and despite facing fierce resistance from hidden enemy forces in coral outcroppings and caves along the coastal cliffs, the 32nd Regiment fought its way to the eastern slope of Hill 89. Throughout June 21, a series of small local attacks and mopping-up actions occupied most units of the 24th Corps, often interrupted to allow large numbers of civilians and soldiers to surrender. In spite of the bitter and costly resistance, the 32nd Regiment successfully secured Mabuni and advanced up to the tableland atop Hill 89. Coolidge's 1st Battalion launched an assault on the hill south of Medeera behind a heavy mortar barrage, successfully capturing its crest. The 5th Marines completed the capture of Hill 79 and undertook a heavy, costly assault that ultimately led to the capture of Hill 81. The 7th and 8th Marines began the crucial task of flushing out remaining Japanese holdouts, while also dealing with the increasing wave of soldiers and civilians choosing to surrender. The 4th Marines executed a successful double envelopment of Hill 72 that secured the strategic Kiyamu-Gusuku ridge, and the 29th Marines met only very light resistance during their sweep of Ara Saki, the southernmost point of the island. This swift progress and the obvious collapse of major enemy opposition prompted General Geiger to declare that the island of Okinawa was secure and that organized enemy resistance had come to an end. That night, in a tragic turn of events, Generals Ushijima and Cho committed Seppuku in the cave housing their command post.  On the night of June 21, Lieutenant General Ushijima Mitsuru and Lieutenant General Cho Isamu, the commander and chief of staff of the 32nd Army, fulfilled their final obligation to the Emperor in a deeply traditional manner. In accordance with the warrior code of their homeland, they atoned for their inability to halt the American advance by committing Seppuku. On the evening of their planned departure, Ushijima hosted a banquet in the cave that served as their command post, featuring a large meal prepared by his cook, Tetsuo Nakamutam. The banquet was generously complemented with sake and the remaining stock of captured Black & White Scotch whisky provided by Cho. At 03:00 on June 22, both generals, adorned in their full field uniforms decorated with medals, led a small party of aides and staff officers out onto a narrow ledge at the cave entrance, which overlooked the ocean. American soldiers of the 32nd Regiment were stationed less than 100 feet away, completely unaware of the solemn preparations taking place for the suicide ceremony. First, Ushijima bared his abdomen to the ceremonial knife and thrust inward, followed by Cho, who then fell to the ground. As Ushijima made his final act, a simultaneous slash from the headquarters adjutant's saber struck his bowed neck. The two generals were secretly buried immediately after their deaths, their bodies going undiscovered until June 25, when patrols from the 32nd Regiment found them at the foot of the seaward cliff-face of Hill 89. General Cho had penned his own simple epitaph, stating, “22nd day, 6th month, 20th year of the Showa Era. I depart without regret, fear, shame, or obligations. Army Chief of Staff; Army Lieutenant General Cho, Isamu, age of departure 51 years. At this time and place, I hereby certify the foregoing.” Their deaths were witnessed by Colonel Yahara, who was the most senior officer captured by American forces. Yahara had requested Ushijima's permission to commit suicide as well, but the general had refused, saying, "If you die, there will be no one left who knows the truth about the battle of Okinawa. Bear the temporary shame but endure it. This is an order from your army commander." While many die-hard groups continued to fight until annihilation, an unprecedented number of Japanese soldiers, both officers and enlisted men, began to surrender. On that fateful day, Operation Ten-Go's final breaths were marked by the launch of the two-day tenth Kiksui mass attack, which saw only 45 kamikaze aircraft take to the skies. While this desperate attempt succeeded in sinking LSM-59 and damaging the destroyer escort Halloran, as well as the seaplane tenders Curtiss and Kenneth Whiting, the next day would bring even less impact, with only two landing ships sustaining damage during the final attack of the campaign. As communications from the 32nd Army fell silent, a deeply regretful Admiral Ugaki was forced to conclude the grim reality of their situation. He felt “greatly responsible for the calamity” but recognized that there was seemingly no alternative course that might have led to success. Throughout the defense of Okinawa, approximately 6,000 sorties were flown, including at least 1,900 kamikaze missions. However, the losses were staggering, with over 4,000 aircraft lost during these attacks. In contrast, Allied forces suffered the loss of 763 planes in the Okinawa campaign, with 305 of those being operational losses. Since the operation commenced, naval losses for Iceberg totaled an alarming 4,992 sailors dead, with 36 ships sunk and 374 damaged, accounting for 17% of all American naval losses in the Pacific War. Meanwhile, extensive and coordinated mop-up operations in southern Okinawa were essential before the area could be deemed secure for the planned construction of supply depots, airfields, training areas, and port facilities. In response, Colonel Mason's 1st Marines and Colonel Hamilton's 307th Regiment established blocking positions in the hills above the Naha-Yonabaru valley to thwart any Japanese attempts to infiltrate north. On June 22, the four assault divisions that had previously shattered the Kiyamu Peninsula defenses received orders to prepare for a sweeping advance to the north. Their mission was clear: destroy any remaining resistance, blow and seal all caves, bury the dead, and salvage any equipment, both friendly and enemy, left on the battlefield. The following day, General Joseph Stilwell arrived to take command of the 10th Army during the mop-up phase of the campaign. Meanwhile, units from the 1st and 6th Marine Divisions were engaged on the Komesu and Kiyamu-Gusuku Ridges, while the 7th Division probed Hill 89 and Mabuni. In the Medeera pocket, Coolidge's 3rd Battalion successfully seized Hill 85 on June 22. The 96th Division intensified its focus in the Medeera-Aragachi area, with elements of the 381st Regiment mopping up the last holdouts in the ruins of Medeera by June 23. Two days later, after a thorough search of the area south of the Yaeju Dake-Yuza Dake Escarpment, the 10th Army finally initiated its drive northward, with both corps taking responsibility for the ground they had captured in the previous month. On the morning of June 26, the reinforced Fleet Marine Force Amphibious Reconnaissance Battalion landed unopposed on Kumejima, marking it as the last and largest of the Okinawa Islands selected for radar and fighter director sites. By the end of June, the mop-up operations in southern Okinawa had resulted in an estimated 8,975 Japanese killed and 3,808 prisoners of war added to the 10th Army's total. Overall, the Americans counted a staggering total of 10,755 prisoners of war and 107,539 Japanese dead, along with an estimated 23,764 believed to be sealed in caves or buried by their comrades. This cumulative casualty figure of 142,058 was "far above a reasonable estimate of military strength on the island," prompting 10th Army intelligence officers to conclude that at least 42,000 civilians had tragically fallen victim to artillery, naval, and air attacks due to their unfortunate proximity to Japanese combat forces and installations. American losses were also substantial, with 7,374 men recorded dead, 31,807 wounded, and 239 missing, in addition to 26,221 non-battle casualties. But now, it's time to leave Okinawa and return to Borneo to continue covering the North Borneo Offensive. As we last observed, by mid-June, General Wootten's 9th Australian Division had successfully executed two major amphibious landings on Brunei Bay. Brigadier Porter's 24th Brigade occupied most of Labuan Island, with the exception of the Pocket, while Brigadier Windeyer's 20th Brigade secured the Brunei area. By June 16, Wootten decided that since the enemy was withdrawing and showing no signs of mounting an attack, he would take control of the high ground stretching from Mempakul and Menumbok to Cape Nosong. This strategic move aimed to prevent the enemy from utilizing the track from Kota Klias to Karukan and to secure beaches for supply points during the planned advance northward. Accordingly, Porter ordered the 2/28th Battalion to reduce the Pocket. The recently landed 2/12th Commando Squadron was tasked with mopping up the outlying areas of the island. Meanwhile, the 2/32nd Battalion began preparing for an amphibious movement to Weston on the mainland east of Labuan, with plans to reconnoiter across country and by river towards Beaufort. The 2/43rd Battalion and the 2/11th Commando Squadron were also set to prepare for an amphibious reconnaissance in the Mempakul area. On June 14, the 2/28th Battalion launched its initial attack against the Pocket, following an artillery barrage. However, they were forced to withdraw in the face of intense machine-gun and mortar fire. In response, the 2/12th Field Regiment took over, bombarding the Pocket for the next six days and nights, hurling a staggering total of 140 tons of shells into it. On June 16, the 2/28th Battalion launched another assault, this time supported by tanks from the north, successfully capturing Lyon Ridge, despite sustaining heavy losses. After several more days of relentless artillery, naval, and air bombardment, the 2/28th launched a final assault on June 21, just as the Japanese attempted to send two raiding parties to infiltrate through the Australian lines and attack Labuan town and its airstrip. Although these raiders managed to catch the confused defenders off guard and inflicted several casualties, they were ultimately dealt with swiftly and without causing significant damage. Meanwhile, with the combined support of tanks and artillery, the 2/28th Battalion attacked the reduced garrison at the Pocket, breaking through Lushington Ridge and Eastman Spur to eliminate the remaining Japanese positions and completely clear the area. By the end of the Battle of Labuan, the Australians had achieved a decisive victory, with 389 Japanese soldiers killed and 11 taken prisoner, while suffering 34 Australian fatalities and 93 wounded. In parallel, following a successful reconnaissance on June 16, the 2/32nd Battalion landed unopposed at Weston on June 17. They quickly secured the area and established a patrol base at Lingkungan. Over the next few days, Australian patrols began probing north towards Bukau, occasionally clashing with Japanese parties. A company from the 2/32nd Battalion also established a patrol base at Gadong up the Padas River, finding no Japanese presence in the surrounding regions. From this position, the Australians were able to patrol along the Padas River in small craft, discovering they could reach Beaufort rapidly using this route, catching the enemy off guard. Meanwhile, on June 19, the 2/43rd Battalion and the 2/11th Independent Company landed unopposed at Mempakul, further solidifying the Australian presence in the area. Two days later, while the commandos worked to clear the Klias Peninsula, the 2/43rd Battalion launched an amphibious expedition up the Klias River. This mission successfully navigated through Singkorap and reached Kota Klias, confirming that Japanese forces were not present in significant strength along the river. As a result, the 2/43rd Battalion set out on June 22 to occupy Kota Klias without encountering any resistance. Given this positive momentum, Brigadier Porter ordered the 2/28th Battalion to take over operations from the 2/32nd Battalion in and around Weston. At the same time, the 2/43rd Battalion was tasked with marching through Kandu to attack Beaufort from the north. Additionally, the 2/32nd Battalion was directed to probe north along the Padas River and along the railway, drawing enemy attention away from the main Australian advance. Looking south, while the 2/17th Battalion remained around Brunei and the 2/15th Battalion probed along the river toward Limbang, Windeyer had ordered the 2/13th Battalion to prepare for an amphibious movement to the Miri-Lutong area. Brunei town had been severely battered by Allied bombers and Japanese demolitions. The troops were critical of the air force's practice of bombing conspicuous buildings even when they were unlikely to contain anything of military importance. In Brunei, for example, the bazaar and the cinema were destroyed, but neither was likely to have contained any Japanese men or material and their destruction and the destruction of similar buildings added to the distress of the civilians. The infantryman on the ground saw the effects of bombing at the receiving end. “The impression was gained, says the report of the 20th Brigade, that, in the oil producing and refining centres-Seria, Kuala Belait, Lutong, Miri much of the destruction served no military purpose. The destruction of the native bazaar and shop area in Kuala Belait, Brunei, Tutong and Miri seemed wanton.“ On June 16, the 2/17th finally moved out and occupied Tutong, successfully crossing the river at its mouth. From there, the battalion began its movement along the coast toward Seria. However, despite the strategic importance of the town's oil wells, there was only one encounter with the enemy at the Bira River on June 20 before the town was occupied the following day, only to find the oil wells ablaze.  At Seria, the oil wells were ablaze. From the broken pipes that topped each well, burning oil gushed forth like fire from immense, hissing Bunsen burners. The pressure was so intense that the oil, as clear as petrol, only ignited several inches away from the pipe. Once ignited, it transformed into a tumbling cloud of flame, accompanied by billowing blue-black smoke. At approximately 1,000 feet, the plumes from more than 30 fires merged into a single canopy of smoke. This horrifying spectacle of waste persisted day and night. The men around Seria fell asleep to the hissing and rumbling of an entire oilfield engulfed in flames and awoke to the same din. The Japanese had set fire to 37 wells, destroyed buildings and bridges, and attempted to incapacitate vehicles, pumps, and other equipment by removing essential components and either discarding them in rivers or burying them. Consequently, the Australian engineers faced the daunting task of extinguishing the fires with only their own equipment, along with abandoned gear they could repair or make functional. They relied on assistance from local natives who had observed the Japanese hiding parts and employed methods of improvisation and selective cannibalization to tackle the crisis. Meanwhile, by June 19, raiding elements of the 2/15th Battalion had successfully secured Limbang. From this location, they began sending patrols up the Limbang River toward Ukong, along the Pandaruan River to Anggun, and east toward Trusan. The following day, after a naval bombardment by three American destroyers, the 2/13th Battalion landed unopposed at Lutong and quickly secured the area. On June 21, the Australians crossed the river and advanced into Miri without facing any resistance, successfully occupying the town and its oilfield by June 23. Turning their attention back north, on June 24, the 2/43rd Battalion began its advance toward Beaufort, swiftly moving through Kandu and reaching a position just north of the Padas River the next day. In response to their progress, Brigadier Porter ordered the 2/32nd Battalion to seize the railway terminus and the spur leading down to the river just south of Beaufort, while the 2/43rd focused on capturing the high ground dominating Beaufort from the north and east. This coordinated attack was launched on June 26. By the end of the day, the leading company of the 2/32nd had reached the Padas River, approximately 2,000 yards west of the railway terminus, while the leading company of the 2/43rd secured the railway north of the Padas, similarly positioned about 2,000 yards from Beaufort. On June 27, the 2/43rd continued their offensive, rapidly capturing the high ground overlooking Beaufort. During the afternoon, one company ascended Mount Lawley and pursued the retreating Japanese, cutting off their escape route at a track junction, while another company moved into the town, taking possession early that night. In the following hours and throughout June 28, the Australians faced a series of heavy counterattacks as they worked to consolidate their positions. Meanwhile, the 2/32nd Battalion successfully captured the railway terminus, encountering only slight opposition, with one company executing a wide flanking maneuver to the Padas just upstream from Beaufort. Under heavy bombardment from artillery and mortars, the bulk of the 368th Independent Battalion began to retreat along the Australian-held track in the early hours of June 29. While many were killed during this withdrawal, most managed to escape. At intervals groups of two or three walked into the company area in the darkness and were killed. Fire was strictly controlled, and one platoon was credited with having killed 21 Japanese with 21 single shots fired at ranges of from five to 15 yards. One Japanese walked on to the track 50 yards from the foremost Australian Bren gun position and demanded the surrender of the Australians who were blocking the Japanese line of retreat. According to one observer his words were: "Surrender pliz, Ossie. You come. No?" He was promptly shot. One company counted 81 Japanese killed with "company weapons only" round the junction and estimated that at least 35 others had been killed; six Australians were slightly wounded.  By morning, the fighting was virtually over, and the mop-up of the disorganized enemy force commenced. The attack on Beaufort cost the 24th Brigade 7 men killed and 38 wounded, while the Australians counted 93 Japanese dead and took two prisoners. Meanwhile, the 2/28th Battalion secured Lumadan village, where it made contact with the 2/32nd. Porter then ordered this battalion to pursue the retreating Japanese eastward, successfully securing the Montenior Besar railway bridge by July 4. The 2/32nd Battalion proceeded to attack toward Papar, encountering little opposition as they captured Membakut on July 5, followed by Kimanis on July 10, and finally Papar on July 12. Turning back south, the 2/17th Battalion occupied Kuala Belait on June 24, where they discovered evidence of a massacre of Indian prisoners of war.  Indian prisoners of war began reaching the lines of the 2/17th Battalion at Seria on June 22. By the end of the month, a total of 41 had arrived, reporting a horrific event: on June 14, the Japanese had slaughtered a portion of a group of more than 100 Indian prisoners at Kuala Belait. The Australians discovered 24 charred bodies at the site, along with evidence indicating that others had also been killed. A report by the 2/17th noted, "The motive for the massacre is not clear, and whether a partial loss of rations, the waving of flags, or simply Japanese brutality was responsible cannot be determined." The surviving Indians were found to be starving, with many suffering from illness. Colonel Broadbent remarked, "The loyalty and fortitude of these Indians has been amazing and is a lesson to us all. Even now, their standard of discipline is high." Two days later, patrols made contact with the 2/13th Battalion at the Baram River. Pushing south along Riam Road, the patrols of the 2/13th clashed with the Japanese at South Knoll, which they captured by the end of the month. Throughout July, the 2/13th continued patrolling down Riam Road against some opposition, eventually pushing the Japanese beyond Bakam by August. At the same time, the 2/17th conducted deep patrols southward from Kuala Belait, particularly along the Baram River toward Bakung, Marudi, and Labi. Overall, Australian losses during the North Borneo Offensive totaled 114 killed and 221 wounded, while they captured 130 prisoners and accounted for at least 1,234 Japanese killed. Following the conclusion of conventional military operations, Wootten's troops began to support the efforts of Australian-sponsored native guerrillas operating in Sarawak under Operation Semut and in British North Borneo as part of Operation Agas.  Between March and July 1945, five Special Operations Australia “SOA” parties were inserted into North Borneo. The Agas 1 and 2 parties established networks of agents and guerrillas in northwestern Borneo, while the Agas 4 and 5 parties, landed on the east coast, achieved little in their missions. The Agas 3 party investigated the Ranau area at the request of the 1st Corps. The results of Operation Agas were mixed; although its parties established control over their respective areas of operation and provided intelligence of variable quality, they were responsible for killing fewer than 100 Japanese soldiers. In parallel, as part of Operation Semut, over 100 Allied personnel, mainly Australians, were inserted by air into Sarawak from March 1945, organized into four parties. These parties were tasked with collecting intelligence and establishing guerrilla forces. The indigenous Dayaks of Sarawak's interior enthusiastically joined these guerrilla groups, essentially allowing SOA personnel to lead small private armies. No. 200 Flight RAAF and the Royal Australian Navy's Snake-class junks played crucial roles in this campaign, facilitating the insertion of SOA personnel and supplies. The guerrilla forces launched attacks to gain control of the interior of Sarawak, while the 9th Division focused on coastal areas, oilfields, plantations, and ports in North Borneo. The guerrillas operated from patrol bases around Balai, Ridan, and Marudi, as well as in the mountains and along key waterways, including the Pandaruan and Limbang Rivers, and along the railway connecting Beaufort and Tenom. Their objective was to disrupt Japanese troop movements and interdict forces as they withdrew from the main combat zone. The RAAF conducted air strikes to support these lightly armed guerrillas, who at times had to evade better-armed Japanese units. These guerrilla forces successfully raided several key towns and facilities, significantly disrupting enemy movements and efforts. It is estimated that over 1,800 Japanese soldiers were killed in North Borneo through guerrilla actions, particularly by the fearsome Dayak people, whose fierce tactics and local knowledge played a crucial role in these operations. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. In the final throes of the Pacific War, the Battle of Okinawa became a fierce battleground of sacrifice and honor. As American forces, led by General Buckner, advanced, they shattered Japanese defenses, pushing them into a desperate retreat. On June 21, General Ushijima and Lieutenant General Cho, recognizing their imminent defeat, committed seppuku, adhering to the samurai code. The chaotic battle led to staggering casualties, with many Japanese soldiers surrendering, realizing their cause was lost. By June's end, Okinawa was secured, symbolizing not only a victory but also the tragic cost of war, with countless lives lost on both sides.

What if the future of "impossible" protein therapeutics is hiding in your backyard?For decades, CHO cells have ruled the biotech kingdom as the undisputed champions of complex protein production. But here's the uncomfortable truth: countless breakthrough therapies are gathering dust on laboratory shelves—not because the science failed, but because traditional hosts can't produce them.Enter moss. Yes, moss. That humble green organism clinging to rocks and trees might just be the biotech industry's best-kept secret.In this eye-opening episode, David Brühlmann sits down with Andreas Schaaf, Managing Director and CSO of Eleva, who's spent over 20 years turning the "impossible" into reality. Andreas didn't just stumble upon moss; he co-developed Eleva's revolutionary moss-based platform from wild concept to commercial-scale game-changer, propelling the company into clinical trials.Here are three reasons why this episode is worth listening to:Moss as a Game Changer: More than a plant, moss is a higher eukaryote with mammalian-like protein production, including post-translational modifications and human-compatible glycosylation.Overcoming Bioprocessing Barriers: CHO cells are the industry gold standard, especially for monoclonal antibodies. But what about the therapeutic proteins that CHO can't handle? Many promising candidates end up shelved—not because the science isn't sound, but because existing production platforms hit their limits.Bioprocessing, Simplified: Moss grows in standard bioreactors using familiar workflows—just with a whole organism instead of suspended cells.Curious about how plant-based systems could solve your protein production challenges? Dive into this episode to discover how moss could revolutionize your approach to challenging proteins; and let us know about your own production hurdles.Connect with Andreas Schaaf:LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/in/andreas-schaaf-b3797716Website: www.elevabiologics.comNext step:Book a free consultation to help you get started on any questions you may have about bioprocessing analytics: https://bruehlmann-consulting.com/callDevelop bioprocessing technologies better, faster, at a fraction of the cost with our 1:1 Strategy Call: The quickest and easiest way to excel biotech technology development. Book your call at www.bruehlmann-consulting.com/call/Support the show

Sau 12 năm đàm phán, Việt Nam và Indonesia đã đạt được thỏa thuận về phân định vùng đặc quyền kinh tế. Văn bản được công bố chính thức ngày 23/12/2022 trong chuyến thăm cấp Nhà nước Jakarta của chủ tịch nước Việt Nam Nguyễn Xuân Phúc. Bước cuối cùng là Quốc Hội hai nước phê chuẩn văn bản để có chính thức có hiệu lực và giải quyết những căng thẳng, bất đồng và cùng phát triển khai thác tài nguyên theo đúng luật biển quốc tế. Trả lời phỏng vấn RFI Tiếng Việt ngày 18/04/2025, nhà nghiên cứu Laurent Gédéon, Trường Sư phạm Lyon (École normale supérieure de Lyon), nhấn mạnh bối cảnh quan hệ song phương tốt đẹp là một trong những yếu tố giúp Việt Nam và Indonesia thiết lập được thỏa thuận. Năm 2025, hai nước kỷ niệm 70 năm thiết lập quan hệ ngoại giao. Quan hệ “đối tác chiến lược” có từ năm 2013 được nâng lên thành “đối tác chiến lược toàn diện” vào ngày 09/03/2025 nhân chuyến thăm cấp Nhà nước của tổng bí thư Tô Lâm tới Indonesia. Về kinh tế, trong ASEAN, Indonesia là đối tác thương mại lớn thứ ba của Việt Nam và Việt Nam là đối tác thương mại lớn thứ tư của Indonesia. Mục tiêu của hai chính phủ là tăng kim ngạch thương mại song phương lên 18 tỷ đô la vào năm 2028. RFI : Việt Nam và Indonesia sớm phê chuẩn hiệp định phân định vùng đặc quyền kinh tế (EEZ). Việt Nam và Indonesia có những yêu sách cụ thể như nào ở Biển Đông ? Laurent Gédéon : Các cuộc đàm phán về pháp lý liên quan đến hiệp định tập trung vào việc giải quyết các vùng đặc quyền kinh tế chồng lấn mà Việt Nam và Indonesia đều đòi chủ quyền. Tôi muốn nhắc lại cả hai nước đều là thành viên của Công ước Liên Hiệp Quốc về Luật Biển, được Indonesia phê chuẩn ngày 03/02/1986 và Việt Nam phê chuẩn ngày 25/07/1994. Như vậy, cả hai nước đều công nhận luật biển quốc tế. Sự chồng lấn về chủ quyền giữa hai nước liên quan đến vùng biển xung quanh quần đảo Natuna ở phía nam Biển Đông. Đối với Việt Nam, đường phân định EEZ phải trùng với ranh giới thềm lục địa giữa Indonesia và Việt Nam. Hà Nội dựa vào thực tế là ranh giới này đã được xác định vào năm 2003 thông qua một thỏa thuận song phương. Ngược lại, Indonesia cho rằng ranh giới của vùng đặc quyền kinh tế cần được đàm phán riêng biệt với ranh giới của thềm lục địa. Jakarta lập luận rằng theo Công ước Liên Hiệp Quốc về Luật Biển (UNCLOS), đây là hai vùng biển riêng biệt, cho nên phải được đàm phán riêng. Do đó, Indonesia muốn tính đến đường trung tuyến giữa quần đảo Natuna và Côn Đảo : Quần đảo Natuna cách đảo Kalimantan của Indonesia khoảng 300 km, còn Côn Đảo cách bờ biển Việt Nam khoảng 90 km. Nhưng đối với Hà Nội, việc sử dụng đường trung tuyến giữa các quần đảo là không công bằng vì có lợi cho Indonesia. Đọc thêmViệt Nam và Indonesia đạt đồng thuận về phân định vùng đặc quyền kinh tế Nhiều vấn đề pháp lý khác cũng đã được nêu lên trong quá trình đàm phán, đặc biệt là những khác biệt trong các đường cơ sở được sử dụng để đo khu vực phân định. Là một quốc gia quần đảo, Indonesia được phép sử dụng đường cơ sở quần đảo, tức là các đường thẳng, không nhất thiết phải chạy theo đường bờ biển, trong khi Việt Nam chỉ có thể sử dụng đường cơ sở thông thường chạy theo đường bờ biển. Hai phương pháp cơ bản khác nhau này làm phức tạp các cuộc đàm phán vì Hà Nội cho rằng điều này làm suy yếu vị thế của họ. Bất chấp những khác biệt, Indonesia và Việt Nam cuối cùng đã thống nhất về hai đường ranh giới phù hợp với Công ước Liên Hiệp Quốc về Luật Biển, trong đó quy định rằng thềm lục địa và vùng đặc quyền kinh tế là hai vùng biển riêng biệt cần được đàm phán riêng. Tuy nhiên, do tính chất bảo mật của các cuộc đàm phán song phương, cách thức hai bên áp dụng phương pháp đường trung tuyến để giải quyết tranh chấp của họ đã không được tiết lộ, nhưng không thể phủ nhận rằng đây là một sự thỏa hiệp mang tính sáng tạo, thể hiện bước tiến pháp lý đáng kể trong khi vẫn tuân thủ các nguyên tắc của Công ước Liên Hiệp Quốc về Luật Biển. RFI : Thỏa thuận về vùng đặc quyền kinh tế là bước tiến quan trọng sau hơn một thập niên đàm phán. Triển vọng của cả hai nước sẽ thế nào, cũng như tương lai về mối quan hệ giữa hai nước với Trung Quốc ? Laurent Gédéon : Như đã nói, Hiệp định về vùng đặc quyền kinh tế giữa Indonesia và Việt Nam là một bước tiến lớn không chỉ trong quan hệ song phương giữa hai nước mà còn cho toàn bộ môi trường khu vực. Hệ quả đầu tiên và rõ ràng nhất là thỏa thuận này sẽ chấm dứt căng thẳng giữa hai nước liên quan đến hoạt động đánh bắt cá của tàu thuyền Việt Nam trong vùng biển vẫn được Indonesia coi là vùng đặc quyền kinh tế của họ. Hệ quả thứ hai liên quan đến các nguồn năng lượng trong khu vực này, đặc biệt là khí đốt tự nhiên, một số mỏ nằm ở phần EEZ của Indonesia giáp với EEZ của Việt Nam. Việc làm rõ ranh giới giữa hai vùng đặc quyền kinh tế sẽ cho phép Indonesia tự do phát triển hoạt động thăm dò và khai thác nguồn tài nguyên này. Hệ quả thứ ba mang tính chất pháp lý bởi vì thỏa thuận Việt Nam-Indonesia mở đường cho các thỏa thuận tương tự có thể có giữa các nước khác trong khu vực, có nghĩa là có thể thấy trong việc áp dụng đường phân định kép (thềm lục địa và vùng đặc quyền kinh tế) một mô hình cho các cuộc đàm phán trong tương lai. Hệ quả cuối cùng ảnh hưởng đến Trung Quốc vì đường ranh giới chung do Việt Nam và Indonesia thiết lập chồng lấn một phần với đường chín đoạn đánh dấu yêu sách chủ quyền của Trung Quốc đối với phần lớn Biển Đông. Đọc thêmViệt Nam kêu gọi ASEAN đoàn kết vào lúc Bắc Kinh lấn lướt ở Biển Đông Tuy nhiên, có một thắc mắc về chính sách của Indonesia liên quan đến Trung Quốc. Nhân chuyến thăm Bắc Kinh ngày 09/11/2024 của tổng thống Indonesia Prabowo Subianto, nhiều thỏa thuận đã được ký kết, kể cả hợp tác công nghiệp và khai khoáng, hợp tác thương mại, với tổng giá trị lên tới 10 tỷ đô la. Ngoài ra còn có một thỏa thuận về hợp tác hàng hải, trong đó hai bên cam kết cùng nhau phát triển kinh tế hàng hải ở Biển Đông, bao gồm cả những khu vực có tranh chấp chồng lấn. Tuyên bố chung được đưa ra trong dịp này nêu rõ rằng hai nước đã “đạt được một thỏa thuận quan trọng về phát triển chung ở những khu vực có yêu sách chồng lấn”. Tuy nhiên cho đến nay, tất cả các nước có tranh chấp hàng hải với Bắc Kinh, như Indonesia, Philippines, Việt Nam, Brunei, Malaysia và Đài Loan, đều tránh tham gia vào thỏa thuận phát triển chung với Trung Quốc vì sợ rằng việc đó sẽ bị hiểu là công nhận chính thức các yêu sách của Trung Quốc. Mặc dù Indonesia đã thận trọng khẳng định lại rằng họ không công nhận các yêu sách quá đáng của Trung Quốc đối với Biển Đông, nhưng thỏa thuận giữa Bắc Kinh và Jakarta đã đánh dấu sự phá vỡ lập luận trước đây và cho thấy rõ mâu thuẫn trong lập trường của Indonesia về luật hàng hải quốc tế. Về phần Việt Nam, quốc gia không bị ràng buộc bởi bất kỳ thỏa thuận chung nào với Trung Quốc về các khu vực tranh chấp, vẫn kiên định với lập trường của họ và trong phản đối các yêu sách hàng hải của Trung Quốc. Đối với Hà Nội, thỏa thuận này chắc chắn là một bước đột phá ngoại giao lớn và là tiền lệ pháp lý mà Hà Nội có thể khai thác ở cấp độ ngoại giao. Ngoài ra, thỏa thuận cũng có lợi thế là không đặt Hà Nội vào thế đối đầu trực tiếp với Bắc Kinh trong khi vẫn khẳng định được cam kết của họ đối với luật pháp quốc tế. RFI : Sau thỏa thuận về vùng đặc quyền kinh tế giữa Việt Nam và Indonesia, liệu đã có thể nói đến một liên minh đối trọng Philippines, Indonesia, Việt Nam để đối phó với các yêu sách của Trung Quốc ở Biển Đông không ? Laurent Gédéon : Có, trong bối cảnh Trung Quốc luôn chú ý đến việc không để một mặt trận chống Trung Quốc trỗi dậy giữa các quốc gia ven Biển Đông và rộng hơn là trong ASEAN, thì thỏa thuận Việt Nam-Indonesia mở đường cho sự xuất hiện của các chiến lược tập thể đối phó với những tranh chấp hàng hải ở Biển Đông. Những chiến lược này đáng chú ý - và cũng gây vấn đề cho Trung Quốc - vì chúng được thực hiện theo cách tuân thủ chặt chẽ luật hàng hải quốc tế. Việc này càng giành được sự ủng hộ của cộng đồng quốc tế và củng cố thêm sự cô lập của Trung Quốc đối với các yêu sách chủ quyền tối đa của nước này. Đọc thêmThỏa thuận Việt Nam - Indonesia: Một hướng giải quyết tranh chấp Biển Đông? Cho nên chúng ta có thể thấy những thỏa thuận kiểu này gia tăng trong tương lai, đặc biệt là liên quan đến Việt Nam, Philippines và Malaysia. Đó là một quá trình dài, trước hết đòi hỏi các đối tác tăng cường tin tưởng nhau, và sẽ ngày càng phức tạp hơn vì liên quan đến các vùng biển quanh quần đảo Trường Sa, nơi vẫn được biết đến là trung tâm của các vấn đề địa-chiến lược đặc biệt quan trọng. Ngoài ra, cũng cần lưu ý rằng việc ký kết các hiệp định quốc tế là sự kiện quan trọng nhưng việc thực hiện chúng cũng quan trọng không kém. Và về điểm này, sẽ cần phải phân tích cẩn thận những tác động thực địa của hiệp định Việt Nam-Indonesia để đưa ra kết luận và phát triển các phân tích triển vọng có thể diễn ra. Cho nên, ngoài một liên minh đối trọng giữa Philippines, Việt Nam và Indonesia, chúng ta có thể xem rằng các thỏa thuận kiểu này phù hợp với sự hội tụ lợi ích ngầm hoặc rõ ràng của ba nước vì chúng hạn chế khả năng của Trung Quốc trong việc khẳng định các yêu sách chủ quyền và dẫn đến việc Bắc Kinh ngày càng bị cô lập về pháp lý. Dĩ nhiên Trung Quốc có thể tìm cách đảo ngược để áp đặt quan điểm của họ, nhưng việc đó sẽ làm giảm thêm tính hợp pháp về mặt pháp lý của các hành động, yêu sách của Bắc Kinh. Do đó, thỏa thuận này có thể đóng vai trò là mô hình giải quyết các tranh chấp hàng hải khác ở Đông Nam Á và tạo thành đòn bẩy ngoại giao khôn khéo để thay đổi tình hình trong khu vực. RFI : Việt Nam đã bị Ủy Ban Châu Âu đưa ra “thẻ vàng” về tình trạng đánh bắt cá bất hợp pháp. Thỏa thuận với Indonesia được coi là dấu chấm hết cho tình trạng đánh bắt cá bất hợp pháp trong khu vực. Liệu đây có phải là một kiểu cam kết để cá Việt Nam có thể vào thị trường châu Âu không ? Laurent Gédéon : Vùng đặc quyền kinh tế cho phép một quốc gia tiếp cận độc quyền các nguồn tài nguyên thiên nhiên ở vùng biển và đáy biển của nước đó. Việc phân định rõ ràng không gian này thường giúp tránh được những hiểu lầm và mâu thuẫn trong quản lý nguồn cá nếu các đối tác có thiện chí. Về mặt này, thỏa thuận giữa Việt Nam và Indonesia làm rõ quyền đánh bắt cá của cả hai bên ở Biển Đông và thể hiện sự cải thiện rõ rệt so với giai đoạn trước đây, khi cả hai nước đều có yêu sách riêng, khiến việc xác định tàu cá có vượt qua ranh giới hay không trở nên khó khăn. Do đó, việc làm rõ biên giới sẽ tạo điều kiện thuận lợi cho việc áp dụng các quy định và trừng phạt những người vi phạm, đặc biệt là xung quanh quần đảo Natuna, nơi giàu tài nguyên thiên nhiên. Nhìn chung, kiểu thỏa thuận này có giá trị vì nó tăng cường năng lực hợp tác và quản lý lẫn nhau giữa hai bên. Tình hình này chỉ có thể có lợi cho Việt Nam khi chứng tỏ rằng đất nước đã trưởng thành về năng lực quản lý nguồn lợi thủy sản. Đọc thêmChồng lấn EEZ, nguyên nhân vụ va chạm giữa tàu Việt Nam và Indonesia Không chỉ riêng ở Biển Đông, đánh bắt cá bất hợp pháp, không báo cáo và không theo quy định (IUU) là một vấn đề toàn cầu đe dọa hệ sinh thái đại dương và “đánh bắt cá bền vững”. Đây là lý do tại sao chính quyền Liên Hiệp Châu Âu đã giám sát Việt Nam sau cảnh báo vào năm 2017. Xin nhắc lại, những nước xuất khẩu sang Liên Âu được phân loại và có thể chịu trừng phạt tương ứng với hệ thống mã màu : xanh lá cây, vàng, đỏ, các lệnh trừng phạt có thể lên tới mức dừng hoàn toàn hoạt động thương mại. Do đó, thỏa thuận giữa Việt Nam và Indonesia có thể được coi là một giải pháp đôi bên cùng có lợi vì nó củng cố quan hệ song phương, tránh leo thang giữa ngư dân và cơ quan thực thi pháp luật. Còn đối với Việt Nam, thỏa thuận này cho thấy quốc gia này nghiêm túc thực hiện các cam kết quốc tế và là đối tác đáng tin cậy cho Liên Hiệp Châu Âu. RFI Tiếng Việt xin chân thành cảm ơn nhà nghiên cứu Laurent Gédéon, giảng viên Trường Sư phạm Lyon, Pháp.

Zdaniem Pawła Sviniarskiego, twórcy kanału „Dla Pieniędzy” – „mielona propaganda” podawana w łagodny, ale skuteczny sposób dociera do nas codziennie z mediów głównego nurtu. W rozmowie na antenie Radia Wnet Sviniarski wskazał, że wielu odbiorców nie zdaje sobie sprawy z manipulacji, której są poddawani. Jak mówił, sam studiował propagandę na psychologii biznesu i rozpoznaje mechanizmy psychologiczne stosowane w mediach.Wszystkie te techniki obserwuję dziś w realnym życiu– dodał.Jego zdaniem przekaz dominujący w mediach głównego nurtu „zatrważa i zatruwa umysł”. Choć w polskich mediach nie widać głębokiej penetracji kapitału zagranicznego na poziomie formalnym, to według Sviniarskiego przekaz jest głęboko ukształtowany przez zewnętrzne wpływy kulturowe i polityczne.Ja sam, jako młody człowiek, byłem zachwycony nowoczesnością TVN-u. W porównaniu do TVP wyglądał światowo, lepiej niż BBC. Tylko dziś wiemy, czym to było okupione– komentował.Według Sviniarskiego w ostatnich latach pojawił się realny popyt na media alternatywne, takie jak Radio Wnet czy Telewizja Republika.Nie chodzi o to, że głosimy herezje. Po prostu pokazujemy inną perspektywę tych samych zjawisk– zaznaczył.Jako przykład podał Centralny Port Komunikacyjny i energetykę jądrową.Można mówić, że CPK to centralizacja, powrót do socjalizmu. Ale jakoś ta sama centralizacja u Niemca nikomu nie przeszkadza. Tam takie projekty przynoszą państwu miliardowe zyski– mówił.Skrytykował też politykę gospodarczą obecnych władz.Mamy deficyt na poziomie 289 miliardów złotych za jeden tylko rok, a tymczasem odrzucamy kury znoszące złote jajka, uwalamy atom. To znaczy – ktoś go uwala. Nie my– podkreślił.

Sau 12 năm đàm phán, Việt Nam và Indonesia đã đạt được thỏa thuận về phân định vùng đặc quyền kinh tế. Văn bản được công bố chính thức ngày 23/12/2022 trong chuyến thăm cấp Nhà nước Jakarta của chủ tịch nước Việt Nam Nguyễn Xuân Phúc. Bước cuối cùng là Quốc Hội hai nước phê chuẩn văn bản để có chính thức có hiệu lực và giải quyết những căng thẳng, bất đồng và cùng phát triển khai thác tài nguyên theo đúng luật biển quốc tế. Trả lời phỏng vấn RFI Tiếng Việt ngày 18/04/2025, nhà nghiên cứu Laurent Gédéon, Trường Sư phạm Lyon (École normale supérieure de Lyon), nhấn mạnh bối cảnh quan hệ song phương tốt đẹp là một trong những yếu tố giúp Việt Nam và Indonesia thiết lập được thỏa thuận. Năm 2025, hai nước kỷ niệm 70 năm thiết lập quan hệ ngoại giao. Quan hệ “đối tác chiến lược” có từ năm 2013 được nâng lên thành “đối tác chiến lược toàn diện” vào ngày 09/03/2025 nhân chuyến thăm cấp Nhà nước của tổng bí thư Tô Lâm tới Indonesia. Về kinh tế, trong ASEAN, Indonesia là đối tác thương mại lớn thứ ba của Việt Nam và Việt Nam là đối tác thương mại lớn thứ tư của Indonesia. Mục tiêu của hai chính phủ là tăng kim ngạch thương mại song phương lên 18 tỷ đô la vào năm 2028. RFI : Việt Nam và Indonesia sớm phê chuẩn hiệp định phân định vùng đặc quyền kinh tế (EEZ). Việt Nam và Indonesia có những yêu sách cụ thể như nào ở Biển Đông ? Laurent Gédéon : Các cuộc đàm phán về pháp lý liên quan đến hiệp định tập trung vào việc giải quyết các vùng đặc quyền kinh tế chồng lấn mà Việt Nam và Indonesia đều đòi chủ quyền. Tôi muốn nhắc lại cả hai nước đều là thành viên của Công ước Liên Hiệp Quốc về Luật Biển, được Indonesia phê chuẩn ngày 03/02/1986 và Việt Nam phê chuẩn ngày 25/07/1994. Như vậy, cả hai nước đều công nhận luật biển quốc tế. Sự chồng lấn về chủ quyền giữa hai nước liên quan đến vùng biển xung quanh quần đảo Natuna ở phía nam Biển Đông. Đối với Việt Nam, đường phân định EEZ phải trùng với ranh giới thềm lục địa giữa Indonesia và Việt Nam. Hà Nội dựa vào thực tế là ranh giới này đã được xác định vào năm 2003 thông qua một thỏa thuận song phương. Ngược lại, Indonesia cho rằng ranh giới của vùng đặc quyền kinh tế cần được đàm phán riêng biệt với ranh giới của thềm lục địa. Jakarta lập luận rằng theo Công ước Liên Hiệp Quốc về Luật Biển (UNCLOS), đây là hai vùng biển riêng biệt, cho nên phải được đàm phán riêng. Do đó, Indonesia muốn tính đến đường trung tuyến giữa quần đảo Natuna và Côn Đảo : Quần đảo Natuna cách đảo Kalimantan của Indonesia khoảng 300 km, còn Côn Đảo cách bờ biển Việt Nam khoảng 90 km. Nhưng đối với Hà Nội, việc sử dụng đường trung tuyến giữa các quần đảo là không công bằng vì có lợi cho Indonesia. Đọc thêmViệt Nam và Indonesia đạt đồng thuận về phân định vùng đặc quyền kinh tế Nhiều vấn đề pháp lý khác cũng đã được nêu lên trong quá trình đàm phán, đặc biệt là những khác biệt trong các đường cơ sở được sử dụng để đo khu vực phân định. Là một quốc gia quần đảo, Indonesia được phép sử dụng đường cơ sở quần đảo, tức là các đường thẳng, không nhất thiết phải chạy theo đường bờ biển, trong khi Việt Nam chỉ có thể sử dụng đường cơ sở thông thường chạy theo đường bờ biển. Hai phương pháp cơ bản khác nhau này làm phức tạp các cuộc đàm phán vì Hà Nội cho rằng điều này làm suy yếu vị thế của họ. Bất chấp những khác biệt, Indonesia và Việt Nam cuối cùng đã thống nhất về hai đường ranh giới phù hợp với Công ước Liên Hiệp Quốc về Luật Biển, trong đó quy định rằng thềm lục địa và vùng đặc quyền kinh tế là hai vùng biển riêng biệt cần được đàm phán riêng. Tuy nhiên, do tính chất bảo mật của các cuộc đàm phán song phương, cách thức hai bên áp dụng phương pháp đường trung tuyến để giải quyết tranh chấp của họ đã không được tiết lộ, nhưng không thể phủ nhận rằng đây là một sự thỏa hiệp mang tính sáng tạo, thể hiện bước tiến pháp lý đáng kể trong khi vẫn tuân thủ các nguyên tắc của Công ước Liên Hiệp Quốc về Luật Biển. RFI : Thỏa thuận về vùng đặc quyền kinh tế là bước tiến quan trọng sau hơn một thập niên đàm phán. Triển vọng của cả hai nước sẽ thế nào, cũng như tương lai về mối quan hệ giữa hai nước với Trung Quốc ? Laurent Gédéon : Như đã nói, Hiệp định về vùng đặc quyền kinh tế giữa Indonesia và Việt Nam là một bước tiến lớn không chỉ trong quan hệ song phương giữa hai nước mà còn cho toàn bộ môi trường khu vực. Hệ quả đầu tiên và rõ ràng nhất là thỏa thuận này sẽ chấm dứt căng thẳng giữa hai nước liên quan đến hoạt động đánh bắt cá của tàu thuyền Việt Nam trong vùng biển vẫn được Indonesia coi là vùng đặc quyền kinh tế của họ. Hệ quả thứ hai liên quan đến các nguồn năng lượng trong khu vực này, đặc biệt là khí đốt tự nhiên, một số mỏ nằm ở phần EEZ của Indonesia giáp với EEZ của Việt Nam. Việc làm rõ ranh giới giữa hai vùng đặc quyền kinh tế sẽ cho phép Indonesia tự do phát triển hoạt động thăm dò và khai thác nguồn tài nguyên này. Hệ quả thứ ba mang tính chất pháp lý bởi vì thỏa thuận Việt Nam-Indonesia mở đường cho các thỏa thuận tương tự có thể có giữa các nước khác trong khu vực, có nghĩa là có thể thấy trong việc áp dụng đường phân định kép (thềm lục địa và vùng đặc quyền kinh tế) một mô hình cho các cuộc đàm phán trong tương lai. Hệ quả cuối cùng ảnh hưởng đến Trung Quốc vì đường ranh giới chung do Việt Nam và Indonesia thiết lập chồng lấn một phần với đường chín đoạn đánh dấu yêu sách chủ quyền của Trung Quốc đối với phần lớn Biển Đông. Đọc thêmViệt Nam kêu gọi ASEAN đoàn kết vào lúc Bắc Kinh lấn lướt ở Biển Đông Tuy nhiên, có một thắc mắc về chính sách của Indonesia liên quan đến Trung Quốc. Nhân chuyến thăm Bắc Kinh ngày 09/11/2024 của tổng thống Indonesia Prabowo Subianto, nhiều thỏa thuận đã được ký kết, kể cả hợp tác công nghiệp và khai khoáng, hợp tác thương mại, với tổng giá trị lên tới 10 tỷ đô la. Ngoài ra còn có một thỏa thuận về hợp tác hàng hải, trong đó hai bên cam kết cùng nhau phát triển kinh tế hàng hải ở Biển Đông, bao gồm cả những khu vực có tranh chấp chồng lấn. Tuyên bố chung được đưa ra trong dịp này nêu rõ rằng hai nước đã “đạt được một thỏa thuận quan trọng về phát triển chung ở những khu vực có yêu sách chồng lấn”. Tuy nhiên cho đến nay, tất cả các nước có tranh chấp hàng hải với Bắc Kinh, như Indonesia, Philippines, Việt Nam, Brunei, Malaysia và Đài Loan, đều tránh tham gia vào thỏa thuận phát triển chung với Trung Quốc vì sợ rằng việc đó sẽ bị hiểu là công nhận chính thức các yêu sách của Trung Quốc. Mặc dù Indonesia đã thận trọng khẳng định lại rằng họ không công nhận các yêu sách quá đáng của Trung Quốc đối với Biển Đông, nhưng thỏa thuận giữa Bắc Kinh và Jakarta đã đánh dấu sự phá vỡ lập luận trước đây và cho thấy rõ mâu thuẫn trong lập trường của Indonesia về luật hàng hải quốc tế. Về phần Việt Nam, quốc gia không bị ràng buộc bởi bất kỳ thỏa thuận chung nào với Trung Quốc về các khu vực tranh chấp, vẫn kiên định với lập trường của họ và trong phản đối các yêu sách hàng hải của Trung Quốc. Đối với Hà Nội, thỏa thuận này chắc chắn là một bước đột phá ngoại giao lớn và là tiền lệ pháp lý mà Hà Nội có thể khai thác ở cấp độ ngoại giao. Ngoài ra, thỏa thuận cũng có lợi thế là không đặt Hà Nội vào thế đối đầu trực tiếp với Bắc Kinh trong khi vẫn khẳng định được cam kết của họ đối với luật pháp quốc tế. RFI : Sau thỏa thuận về vùng đặc quyền kinh tế giữa Việt Nam và Indonesia, liệu đã có thể nói đến một liên minh đối trọng Philippines, Indonesia, Việt Nam để đối phó với các yêu sách của Trung Quốc ở Biển Đông không ? Laurent Gédéon : Có, trong bối cảnh Trung Quốc luôn chú ý đến việc không để một mặt trận chống Trung Quốc trỗi dậy giữa các quốc gia ven Biển Đông và rộng hơn là trong ASEAN, thì thỏa thuận Việt Nam-Indonesia mở đường cho sự xuất hiện của các chiến lược tập thể đối phó với những tranh chấp hàng hải ở Biển Đông. Những chiến lược này đáng chú ý - và cũng gây vấn đề cho Trung Quốc - vì chúng được thực hiện theo cách tuân thủ chặt chẽ luật hàng hải quốc tế. Việc này càng giành được sự ủng hộ của cộng đồng quốc tế và củng cố thêm sự cô lập của Trung Quốc đối với các yêu sách chủ quyền tối đa của nước này. Đọc thêmThỏa thuận Việt Nam - Indonesia: Một hướng giải quyết tranh chấp Biển Đông? Cho nên chúng ta có thể thấy những thỏa thuận kiểu này gia tăng trong tương lai, đặc biệt là liên quan đến Việt Nam, Philippines và Malaysia. Đó là một quá trình dài, trước hết đòi hỏi các đối tác tăng cường tin tưởng nhau, và sẽ ngày càng phức tạp hơn vì liên quan đến các vùng biển quanh quần đảo Trường Sa, nơi vẫn được biết đến là trung tâm của các vấn đề địa-chiến lược đặc biệt quan trọng. Ngoài ra, cũng cần lưu ý rằng việc ký kết các hiệp định quốc tế là sự kiện quan trọng nhưng việc thực hiện chúng cũng quan trọng không kém. Và về điểm này, sẽ cần phải phân tích cẩn thận những tác động thực địa của hiệp định Việt Nam-Indonesia để đưa ra kết luận và phát triển các phân tích triển vọng có thể diễn ra. Cho nên, ngoài một liên minh đối trọng giữa Philippines, Việt Nam và Indonesia, chúng ta có thể xem rằng các thỏa thuận kiểu này phù hợp với sự hội tụ lợi ích ngầm hoặc rõ ràng của ba nước vì chúng hạn chế khả năng của Trung Quốc trong việc khẳng định các yêu sách chủ quyền và dẫn đến việc Bắc Kinh ngày càng bị cô lập về pháp lý. Dĩ nhiên Trung Quốc có thể tìm cách đảo ngược để áp đặt quan điểm của họ, nhưng việc đó sẽ làm giảm thêm tính hợp pháp về mặt pháp lý của các hành động, yêu sách của Bắc Kinh. Do đó, thỏa thuận này có thể đóng vai trò là mô hình giải quyết các tranh chấp hàng hải khác ở Đông Nam Á và tạo thành đòn bẩy ngoại giao khôn khéo để thay đổi tình hình trong khu vực. RFI : Việt Nam đã bị Ủy Ban Châu Âu đưa ra “thẻ vàng” về tình trạng đánh bắt cá bất hợp pháp. Thỏa thuận với Indonesia được coi là dấu chấm hết cho tình trạng đánh bắt cá bất hợp pháp trong khu vực. Liệu đây có phải là một kiểu cam kết để cá Việt Nam có thể vào thị trường châu Âu không ? Laurent Gédéon : Vùng đặc quyền kinh tế cho phép một quốc gia tiếp cận độc quyền các nguồn tài nguyên thiên nhiên ở vùng biển và đáy biển của nước đó. Việc phân định rõ ràng không gian này thường giúp tránh được những hiểu lầm và mâu thuẫn trong quản lý nguồn cá nếu các đối tác có thiện chí. Về mặt này, thỏa thuận giữa Việt Nam và Indonesia làm rõ quyền đánh bắt cá của cả hai bên ở Biển Đông và thể hiện sự cải thiện rõ rệt so với giai đoạn trước đây, khi cả hai nước đều có yêu sách riêng, khiến việc xác định tàu cá có vượt qua ranh giới hay không trở nên khó khăn. Do đó, việc làm rõ biên giới sẽ tạo điều kiện thuận lợi cho việc áp dụng các quy định và trừng phạt những người vi phạm, đặc biệt là xung quanh quần đảo Natuna, nơi giàu tài nguyên thiên nhiên. Nhìn chung, kiểu thỏa thuận này có giá trị vì nó tăng cường năng lực hợp tác và quản lý lẫn nhau giữa hai bên. Tình hình này chỉ có thể có lợi cho Việt Nam khi chứng tỏ rằng đất nước đã trưởng thành về năng lực quản lý nguồn lợi thủy sản. Đọc thêmChồng lấn EEZ, nguyên nhân vụ va chạm giữa tàu Việt Nam và Indonesia Không chỉ riêng ở Biển Đông, đánh bắt cá bất hợp pháp, không báo cáo và không theo quy định (IUU) là một vấn đề toàn cầu đe dọa hệ sinh thái đại dương và “đánh bắt cá bền vững”. Đây là lý do tại sao chính quyền Liên Hiệp Châu Âu đã giám sát Việt Nam sau cảnh báo vào năm 2017. Xin nhắc lại, những nước xuất khẩu sang Liên Âu được phân loại và có thể chịu trừng phạt tương ứng với hệ thống mã màu : xanh lá cây, vàng, đỏ, các lệnh trừng phạt có thể lên tới mức dừng hoàn toàn hoạt động thương mại. Do đó, thỏa thuận giữa Việt Nam và Indonesia có thể được coi là một giải pháp đôi bên cùng có lợi vì nó củng cố quan hệ song phương, tránh leo thang giữa ngư dân và cơ quan thực thi pháp luật. Còn đối với Việt Nam, thỏa thuận này cho thấy quốc gia này nghiêm túc thực hiện các cam kết quốc tế và là đối tác đáng tin cậy cho Liên Hiệp Châu Âu. RFI Tiếng Việt xin chân thành cảm ơn nhà nghiên cứu Laurent Gédéon, giảng viên Trường Sư phạm Lyon, Pháp.

VOV1 - Trong những ngày này, giới báo chí cả nước đang long trọng kỷ niệm 100 năm Báo chí cách mạng Việt Nam. Cho đến nay, chưa có ngành, lĩnh vực nào của đất nước kỷ niệm 100 năm, ngoài đội ngũ báo chí cách mạng.

Jako nastolatek zazdrościł dzieciom z rodzin mieszanych, dwukulturowych. Marzył o innej niż włoska tożsamości. Dziś Emiliano Ranocchi, poliglota, tłumacz i polonista, żyje tym marzeniem na co dzień. Pochodzi z Pesaro nad Adriatykiem, pracuje w Udine, a mieszka w Krakowie. Choć studiował germanistykę i rusycystykę, to właśnie literatura polska stała się jego pasją. Język polski opanował do perfekcji - traktuje go jak swoją drugą skórę. Co jeszcze ceni w polskiej kulturze? I jak wygląda życie między trzema językami, krajami i tożsamościami? Reportaż z cyklu "Ludzie Unii Europejskiej". Kampania powstała na zlecenie Kancelarii Prezesa Rady Ministrów. Projekt finansowany ze środków Kancelarii Prezesa Rady Ministrów.

Willpower is a lie that's been sold to us for generations.The truth?  Even Elon Musk doesn't wake up every morning relying on "discipline" to build rockets and trillion-dollar companies. Something far more powerful is at work.  Gamification expert Yu-kai Cho has identified 8 core drivers that move humans to action. This stuff make us want to do hard things consistently without the struggle of forcing ourselves through sheer willpower. When Yukai needed to write his book despite a packed schedule, he didn't set calendar reminders or try to "be more disciplined." Instead, he used used 8 core drivers to make doing irresistible.  The research is clear: willpower depletes quickly.  Even simple choices between cookies and carrots drain our mental resources. But by designing your environment, schedules, and processes to activate your unique motivational drivers, you transform difficult tasks from obligations into engaging challenges you actually want to pursue. This isn't just theory, it's the hidden mechanism behind every significant achievement and consistent behavior change.  Tune in - let's learn to push our buttons to win the game of life

Tin tức tối 11-6: Cắt cầu phao Phong Châu do lũ lên nhanh; Thiếu niên chạy xe máy chen vào đoàn xe ưu tiên; Cảnh sát bắt nhóm người nghi xài giấy tờ giả; Cho ong đốt chữa ung thư vú, nữ bệnh nhân phải cắt bỏ hai vú... là những tin tức đáng chú ý.

W dobie algorytmów, prawdziwe historie rodzą się tam, gdzie spotyka się doświadczenie i młodość. Poznaj tę perspektywę w tym podcaście.Technologia potrafi dzielić. I to ostro. Młodsi śmigają po portalach, uczą się reagować na newsy, wczytują się w teksty podsuwane przez algorytmy.Starsi wciąż bywają uwiązani do TV, a gdy mają ok. osiemdziesiątki - to korzystają z internatu bardzo, bardzo ostrożnie. I nie lubią odpowiadać na smsy.Każda pokoleniowa warstwa ma swoje kody, patenty na podtrzymania kontaktu, na budowanie relacji, ma swój poziom wiary w ludzi i wizji tego, co ważne.Każda pokoleniowa warstwa jest inna, ale jest przyklejona do poprzedniej.Kiedy mówimy - on odkleił się od rzeczywistości - to w zasadzie stwierdzamy, że nie bierze pod uwagę tego, co było, tych co byli, oraz faktów ;)Którą warstwą się czujesz?Wszystkie pokolenia są jednak nierozerwalnie połączone, sklejone, wynikają z siebie nawzajem. Młodzi tradycyjnie negują starszych, starsi boją się o niemądrą młodzież, ale… te zabawa trwa od wieków.Nic nowego. Nic strasznego.Oswajanie pokoleniowych różnic i podejść do tematu bardzo ciekawie wygląda w płaszczyznach zawodowych.Spójrzmy na audio-dokumentalistów:Takie pokoleniowe Audio Story, to swobodne spotkanie doświadczenia i młodości w przestrzeni rozmowy, oraz w dźwiękowych scenografiach.Reporter, radiowiec, podcaster – człowiek z mikrofonem, wrażliwy na ludzi, wydarzenia, opowieści. Choć nie jest to najpopularniejsza profesja, są takie miejsca i chwile, kiedy ci, którzy kochają dźwięk i historię, spotykają się przy jednym stole. Tam obok siebie zasiadają ci, którzy pamiętają montaż taśm na stołach wielkich jak ołtarz, oraz ci, którzy Internet mają we krwi.Ech, tak wiele się zmieniło. Dziennikarstwo się zmieniło, świat się zmienił.Dziś historię audio można stworzyć telefonem, na całkiem sensownym poziomie. Ale pojawia się pytanie: co starsze pokolenie może przekazać tym, którzy wszystko robią szybciej, mocniej, licząc kliknięcia?Otóż... w sumie wiele może. Może na przykład przekazać pasję do wyłuskiwania z tego zmieniającego się świata pewnych niezmienności: życiowych historii, prawd emocji, autentyczności zmiany, różnych wersji miłości, różnych wersji awersji, etc.Może nauczyć szacunku do dobrej narracji, otwartości na ludzi, wyczulenia na to, co naprawdę istotne. W coraz bardziej stechnicyzowanym świecie, gdzie algorytmy podpowiadają, co mamy czuć, ludzkie emocje pozostają takie same.Ludzie zawsze będą kochać, tracić, zyskiwać, walczyć o szczęście, zaświadczać o człowieczeństwie i gubić się w mroku. O tym jest ludzkość, o tym są audio opowieści. Tu, gdzie tempo życia przyspiesza, a technologia zmienia zasady gry, właśnie spotkanie pokoleń tworzy przestrzeń, w której rodzi się prawdziwa opowieść. W różnicach kryje się siła – siła, która pozwala nie zatracić ciepła w zimnym, cyfrowym świecie. Bo choć narzędzia się zmieniają, a język dźwięku ewoluuje, to ludzkie historie – pełne sprzeczności, emocji i nadziei – pozostają tym, co łączy nas ponad czasem.I właśnie dlatego jedna praca, wykonywana przez różne pokolenia, staje się czymś więcej niż zawodem. Staje się mostem między przeszłością a przyszłością, między doświadczeniem a świeżością, między ciszą a dźwiękiem, który opowiada o nas wszystkich.Na koniec chcę dodać, że inspiracją do tego odcinka były Ogólnopolskie Warsztaty Reportażu Radiowego organizowane przez Polskie Radio Białystok w Tykocinie. To już nasza wieloletnia tradycja, która co roku przyciąga ponad 30 reportażystów z całej Polski. To właśnie tam, w atmosferze wymiany doświadczeń, poszukiwania inspiracji i wspólnego słuchania audio-dokumentów, rodzą się najciekawsze rozmowy i opowieści.I to tam widać najlepiej, jak spotkanie pokoleń buduje przyszłość, także w warstwie audio.A jakie masz swoje sposoby na porozumienie międzypokoleniowe?SerdecznościMiłka

Choć start Sławosza Uznańskiego znów został przesunięty, to temat polskiej obecności w kosmosie jest bardziej aktualny niż kiedykolwiek. Kamil Kuć rozmawia z prof. dr hab. Elżbietą Marciszewską – pełnomocniczką rektora SGH ds. Akademickiej Sieci Kosmicznej – o tym, jaką rolę może odegrać SGH w eksploracji kosmosu i dlaczego kosmos to nie tylko rakiety, ale też gospodarka, dane i strategie.

Czy dla par LGBT+ jest miejsce w Kościele? Jak doprowadzić do równego taktowania tej mniejszości w społeczeństwie tak bardzo przywiązanym do konserwatywnych wzorców rodziny? 19 lat temu Magda i Uschi powiedziały sobie "tak" w Polsce. Choć ich miłość trwa, marzenie o ślubie kościelnym wciąż wydaje się odległe. Uschi, głęboko wierząca katoliczka, regularnie uczestniczy w mszach i spowiada się, nie z istnienia ich związku, lecz z tego, jak realizuje Królestwo Boże na Ziemi, razem z Magdą. Należy też do Kongresu Katolików i Katoliczek i aktywnie działa na rzecz akceptacji osób LGBT w chrześcijańskiej wspólnocie. Ich historia splata się z ruchem "Wiara i Tęcza", który powstał prawie 15 lat temu z inicjatywy Artura Kapturkiewicza i Agnieszki Wiciak. Grupa zrzesza polskich chrześcijan LGBTQ i pokazuje, że wiara i tożsamość nie muszą się wykluczać, że "wiara" i "tęcza" to nie sprzeczność - mogą współistnieć, wspierać i inspirować.

Choć gratulacje Karolowi Nawrockiemu złożyli zarówno kanclerz, jak i prezydent Niemiec, to wyboru Polaków najwyraźniej nie uznają niemieckie media - relacjonuje dziennikarz tygodnika "Do Rzeczy".

Cho comes to Karen and asks to speak to Fleur, who was known to be straight talking both when she was alive and is now from the other side. Together, they confront some of the unhealthy patterns Cho is perpetuating in her career and in her family dynamics. If you have questions or comments about today's show you can email Karen and Kelly at info@thesarlos.com. Enjoy! Early access to Coffee with the Sarlos is available by audio on Thursday mornings on Patreon.com/thesarlos in our "Sips of Sanity Workshop" tier or higher. Coffee with the Sarlos is on all of your favourite podcast platforms. Be sure to Subscribe!

Jan Sajdak, młody rzeźbiarz z Żoliborza, stworzył Wierzbową Świątynię - instalację z martwej wierzby na terenie Cytadeli Warszawskiej. Zamiast pozwolić na jej wycinkę, wypełnił pień kolorowymi witrażami z recyklingu. Drzewo, rozświetlone słońcem, stało się miejscem kontemplacji - żywą katedrą w miejskim zgiełku. Projekt powstał dzięki stypendium Mobilni w Kulturze i wsparciu Zarządu Zieleni. Pokazuje, że sztuka może chronić i wzbogacać przestrzeń miejską. Choć rzeźba niszczeje, dzięki apelom mieszkańców Jan znów ją odnawia. We wrześniu planowane jest ponowne otwarcie. To opowieść o sztuce, która daje drugie życie - wystarczy spojrzeć inaczej, by ocalić to, co wydawało się stracone. 

Ngày 03/04/2025, 3 bộ phim tài liệu của các đạo diễn trẻ Việt Nam đã được trình chiếu tại Paris. Đây chính là thành quả mới nhất của tổ chức Ateliers Varan của Pháp mà từ 20 năm qua đã đóng góp rất nhiều vào việc đào tạo các nhà làm phim tài liệu Việt Nam.  Ateliers Varan do đạo diễn phim tài liệu Jean Rouch thành lập vào năm 1981 với mục tiêu đào tạo các nhà làm phim dựa trên thực hành là chủ yếu. Ngay từ khi thành lập, Ateliers Varan đã tổ chức các trại sáng tác ở nhiều nước trên thế giới, trong đó có trại sáng tác đầu tiên ở Việt Nam vào năm 2004. Từ đó cho đến nay, rất nhiều trại sáng tác được tổ chức ở 3 thành phố Hà Nội, Đà Nẵng, Sài Gòn, đào tạo được rất nhiều nhà làm phim tài liệu thế hệ mới cho Việt Nam.Năm 2024, đúng vào dịp kỷ niệm 20 năm Varan Việt Nam đã tổ chức một trại sáng tác phim tài liệu về chủ đề y tế. Các học viên của chương trình này đã cho ra đời 8 phim ngắn và 3 trong số này đã được giới thiệu tại trụ sở của Ateliers Varan ở Paris hôm 03/04.Trong bộ phim được chiếu đầu tiên “Người Cất Mả” của đạo diễn Nguyễn Ánh, người xem theo chân hai anh em ông Bình và ông Ngọc để cảm thông với công việc nặng nhọc bất kể ngày đêm của những người chuyên làm công việc cải táng, một công việc mà về lâu dài sẽ tác hại nặng nề đến sức khỏe của họ do thường xuyên hít phải khí độc từ các tử thi đã thối rữa.Phim thứ hai, “Toàn ơi”, của Nguyễn Hồ Bảo Nghi đưa khán giả đến với thế giới của những người mắc Hội chứng Down ( Hội chứng đần Mông Cổ ), một bệnh do rối loạn di truyền, với nhân vật chính là Toàn, tuy đã hơn 30 tuổi nhưng đầu óc vẫn như trẻ con, sống trong những ảo tưởng, đến mức tự xem mình là một cảnh sát bảo vệ an ninh trật tự cho khu phố.Trong bộ phim thứ ba, “Gió mùa về” của đạo diễn Lê Thị Thắm, khán giả thâm nhập thực tế của một trung tâm chăm sóc bệnh nhân tâm thần Ba Vì, Hà Nội, để thấu hiểu tâm tư của những người sống trong đó, luôn khao khát được trở về với gia đình, về với cuộc sống bình thường.Trả lời RFI Việt ngữ trước buổi chiếu phim hôm đó, bà Sylvie Gadmer Tiên, phụ trách các khóa đào tạo của Varan Vietnam, cho biết:“Năm 2024, chúng tôi kỷ niệm 20 năm ra đời các trại sáng tác Varan Vietnam. Đây quả là một cuộc hành trình dài. Tôi  tham gia vào năm 2002 và đã cùng với André Van In, một thành viên khác của Varan, phát triển nhóm Varan Vietnam mà ông đã điều hành trong 20 năm qua. Rất tiếc là ông đã qua đời. Tôi muốn tôn vinh ông, vì nếu không có ông thì chúng ta đã không có được như ngày nay. Cùng với Trần Phương Thảo, giảng viên chính của Varan Vietnam, chúng tôi cố làm hết sức để tiếp tục sự nghiệp của ông. Chúng tôi giống như là những cựu học sinh và nay đến lượt mình truyền tải cho những người khác, lần này là cho 8 nam, nữ đạo diễn trẻ Việt Nam, những kỹ năng làm phim tài liệu qua thực hành theo tinh thần của điện ảnh thực tế. Trong các trại sáng tác của Varan, chúng tôi giảng dạy điện ảnh thực tế, hay nói cách khác là thực hành trong thực tế, để từ đó mọi người tự định hướng cho mình là sẽ tiếp tục làm phim tài liệu, hay là chuyển sang làm phim truyện. Đó là cách tiếp cận theo kiểu lấy cảm hứng từ thực tế và thiết lập các mối liên hệ thân mật với các nhân vật trong phim. Các nhân vật của thực tế trở thành nhân vật của điện ảnh một khi những hành động của họ, cơ thể của họ, những lời nói của họ được thu vào ống kính.Varan giống như một ngôi trường mà từ đó mỗi học sinh, tùy theo cảm xúc, mong muốn, phát triển sang thể loại phim truyện hay vẫn theo con đường phim tài liệu, theo phong cách của Varan hay theo một phong cách khác. Varan là một nền tảng và là nền tảng rất vững chắc để mỗi người nhận thức rõ thế nào là phim tài liệu.”                              Trong số các học viên của Varan, một số người sau đó đã đoạt giải quốc tế, như Hà Lê Diễm đã đoạt giải “Đạo diễn xuất sắc nhất” hạng mục “Tranh giải quốc tế” (International Competition) với phim “Những đứa trẻ trong sương” (Children of the Mist) tại Liên hoan phim tài liệu quốc tế Amsterdam 2021.Điểm độc đáo của Ateliers Varan đó là có sự tiếp nối: thế hệ các học viên vẫn tiếp tục đồng hành để tham gia đào tạo thế hệ đạo diễn mới, theo lời bà Sylvie Gadmer: “Đó chính là đặc trưng của Varan. Mong muốn của chúng tôi là đào tạo để giúp mọi người lập ra các nhóm điện ảnh. Sứ mệnh của Varan không phải là chỉ đào tạo tại chỗ, mà là truyền bá những kiến thức. Chính trong tinh thần đó mà vào năm 2014, André Van In đã lập ra những lớp đào tạo giảng viên, đến tận nơi để dạy cho các học viên cũ cách truyền đạt những kiến thức của họ cho người khác.Hiện nay, chúng ta đã có nhóm Varan Vietnam chuyên đào tạo những học viên cũ. Tất cả những việc đó được tiến hành ở Việt Nam, ngoại trừ thời gian đại dịch Covid. Một nhóm thành viên người Pháp lẽ ra đã đi Việt Nam để làm việc cho các lớp ở Việt Nam, nhưng họ đã không thể đi được, nên đã phải tiến hành mọi thứ qua video, hậu kỳ cho các phim thì làm ở Paris. Rất khó khăn, nhưng đó cũng là tình hình chung lúc đó, tuy vậy, ngay trong thời kỳ Covid, chúng tôi đã cố gắng duy trì mối liên hệ dưới nhãn quan kép này để làm sâu sắc hơn các dự án.” Điều đáng chú ý, theo bà Sylvie Gadmer, đó là lần tuyển sinh năm ngoái đã có rất nhiều người dự tuyển vào trại sáng tác của Varan Vietnam : “Năm ngoái, Varan đã rất thành công khi tuyển sinh. Chúng tôi đã nhận được khoảng 150 đơn dự thi, một số lượng rất lớn. Trần Phương Thảo cùng với Lê Minh, Hà Lê Diễm, cũng là những đạo diễn của Varan, đã đóng góp rất nhiều vào việc tuyển chọn thí sinh, phỏng vấn, cứu xét hồ sơ. Việc tuyển chọn dựa trên nhiều tiêu chí, trước hết là phải có sự bình đẳng nam nữ trong số các học viên của trại sáng tác, rồi phải ưu tiên cho giới trẻ, đánh giá chất lượng và khát vọng của các học viên đó, cũng như khả năng của họ duy trì truyền thống của Varan.Chúng tôi không chỉ đào tạo các đạo diễn mà đào tạo những thành viên tương lai của Varan Vietnam. Ta có thể nêu ví dụ của Hà Lê Diễm, người đã thực hiện bộ phim “Những đứa trẻ trong sương”, sau khi dự khóa học của Varan năm 2016, nay vẫn tham gia vào việc tuyển chọn học viên, tham gia các hoạt động của trại sáng tác, nhưng vẫn bắt đầu tập trung để làm bộ phim truyện đầu tay của cô.”Toàn bộ 8 bộ phim được thực hiện nhân kỷ niệm 20 năm ra đời của Varan Vietnam đều có chủ đề về y tế. Bà Sylvie Gadmer Tiên giải thích:  "Tại sao lại tổ chức theo chủ đề? Bởi vì chủ đề cũng đóng vai trò như chất kết dính cho trại sáng tác. Chủ đề sức khỏe được Thảo chọn vì đây là vấn đề đã được bàn luận từ lâu. Đây là một chủ đề rất quan trọng và thực sự phản ánh xã hội.  Đó là vấn đề mà người Việt Nam ngày càng quan tâm, và thậm chí còn quan tâm nhiều hơn kể từ khi có Covid, Vấn đề này rất nhạy cảm ở Việt Nam vì có sự chênh lệch giàu nghèo và bất bình đẳng trong việc tiếp cận dịch vụ chăm sóc sức khỏe. Sau đó, trong các dự án cá nhân, mỗi học viên sinh sẽ đề xuất một chủ đề riêng của mình. Nhưng những người hướng dẫn phải đánh giá liệu các chủ đề đó có thể làm được thành phim hay không và nếu được thì phim có thể có thể được thực hiện trong khuôn khổ thời gian của trại sáng tác hay không. Có một số chủ đề rất hay, nhưng trại sáng tác chỉ kéo dài 3 tháng, với thời gian quay phim khá ngắn, chỉ từ 4 đến 5 tuần. Cho nên, chính những giảng viên, với kinh nghiệm của mình, thông qua thảo luận với học viên, sẽ đánh giá liệu dự án đó có khả thi hay không. Nhưng đây là những lựa chọn cá nhân.Sau buổi chiếu tối 03/04, bà Sylvie Gadmer Tiên cho biết họ dự trù một buổi chiếu khác ban ngày vào một ngày cuối tuần để giới thiệu toàn bộ 8 bộ phim và thêm thời giờ cho khán giả trao đổi với các đạo diễn Việt Nam.

Ngày 03/04/2025, 3 bộ phim tài liệu của các đạo diễn trẻ Việt Nam đã được trình chiếu tại Paris. Đây chính là thành quả mới nhất của tổ chức Ateliers Varan của Pháp mà từ 20 năm qua đã đóng góp rất nhiều vào việc đào tạo các nhà làm phim tài liệu Việt Nam.  Ateliers Varan do đạo diễn phim tài liệu Jean Rouch thành lập vào năm 1981 với mục tiêu đào tạo các nhà làm phim dựa trên thực hành là chủ yếu. Ngay từ khi thành lập, Ateliers Varan đã tổ chức các trại sáng tác ở nhiều nước trên thế giới, trong đó có trại sáng tác đầu tiên ở Việt Nam vào năm 2004. Từ đó cho đến nay, rất nhiều trại sáng tác được tổ chức ở 3 thành phố Hà Nội, Đà Nẵng, Sài Gòn, đào tạo được rất nhiều nhà làm phim tài liệu thế hệ mới cho Việt Nam.Năm 2024, đúng vào dịp kỷ niệm 20 năm Varan Việt Nam đã tổ chức một trại sáng tác phim tài liệu về chủ đề y tế. Các học viên của chương trình này đã cho ra đời 8 phim ngắn và 3 trong số này đã được giới thiệu tại trụ sở của Ateliers Varan ở Paris hôm 03/04.Trong bộ phim được chiếu đầu tiên “Người Cất Mả” của đạo diễn Nguyễn Ánh, người xem theo chân hai anh em ông Bình và ông Ngọc để cảm thông với công việc nặng nhọc bất kể ngày đêm của những người chuyên làm công việc cải táng, một công việc mà về lâu dài sẽ tác hại nặng nề đến sức khỏe của họ do thường xuyên hít phải khí độc từ các tử thi đã thối rữa.Phim thứ hai, “Toàn ơi”, của Nguyễn Hồ Bảo Nghi đưa khán giả đến với thế giới của những người mắc Hội chứng Down ( Hội chứng đần Mông Cổ ), một bệnh do rối loạn di truyền, với nhân vật chính là Toàn, tuy đã hơn 30 tuổi nhưng đầu óc vẫn như trẻ con, sống trong những ảo tưởng, đến mức tự xem mình là một cảnh sát bảo vệ an ninh trật tự cho khu phố.Trong bộ phim thứ ba, “Gió mùa về” của đạo diễn Lê Thị Thắm, khán giả thâm nhập thực tế của một trung tâm chăm sóc bệnh nhân tâm thần Ba Vì, Hà Nội, để thấu hiểu tâm tư của những người sống trong đó, luôn khao khát được trở về với gia đình, về với cuộc sống bình thường.Trả lời RFI Việt ngữ trước buổi chiếu phim hôm đó, bà Sylvie Gadmer Tiên, phụ trách các khóa đào tạo của Varan Vietnam, cho biết:“Năm 2024, chúng tôi kỷ niệm 20 năm ra đời các trại sáng tác Varan Vietnam. Đây quả là một cuộc hành trình dài. Tôi  tham gia vào năm 2002 và đã cùng với André Van In, một thành viên khác của Varan, phát triển nhóm Varan Vietnam mà ông đã điều hành trong 20 năm qua. Rất tiếc là ông đã qua đời. Tôi muốn tôn vinh ông, vì nếu không có ông thì chúng ta đã không có được như ngày nay. Cùng với Trần Phương Thảo, giảng viên chính của Varan Vietnam, chúng tôi cố làm hết sức để tiếp tục sự nghiệp của ông. Chúng tôi giống như là những cựu học sinh và nay đến lượt mình truyền tải cho những người khác, lần này là cho 8 nam, nữ đạo diễn trẻ Việt Nam, những kỹ năng làm phim tài liệu qua thực hành theo tinh thần của điện ảnh thực tế. Trong các trại sáng tác của Varan, chúng tôi giảng dạy điện ảnh thực tế, hay nói cách khác là thực hành trong thực tế, để từ đó mọi người tự định hướng cho mình là sẽ tiếp tục làm phim tài liệu, hay là chuyển sang làm phim truyện. Đó là cách tiếp cận theo kiểu lấy cảm hứng từ thực tế và thiết lập các mối liên hệ thân mật với các nhân vật trong phim. Các nhân vật của thực tế trở thành nhân vật của điện ảnh một khi những hành động của họ, cơ thể của họ, những lời nói của họ được thu vào ống kính.Varan giống như một ngôi trường mà từ đó mỗi học sinh, tùy theo cảm xúc, mong muốn, phát triển sang thể loại phim truyện hay vẫn theo con đường phim tài liệu, theo phong cách của Varan hay theo một phong cách khác. Varan là một nền tảng và là nền tảng rất vững chắc để mỗi người nhận thức rõ thế nào là phim tài liệu.”                              Trong số các học viên của Varan, một số người sau đó đã đoạt giải quốc tế, như Hà Lê Diễm đã đoạt giải “Đạo diễn xuất sắc nhất” hạng mục “Tranh giải quốc tế” (International Competition) với phim “Những đứa trẻ trong sương” (Children of the Mist) tại Liên hoan phim tài liệu quốc tế Amsterdam 2021.Điểm độc đáo của Ateliers Varan đó là có sự tiếp nối: thế hệ các học viên vẫn tiếp tục đồng hành để tham gia đào tạo thế hệ đạo diễn mới, theo lời bà Sylvie Gadmer: “Đó chính là đặc trưng của Varan. Mong muốn của chúng tôi là đào tạo để giúp mọi người lập ra các nhóm điện ảnh. Sứ mệnh của Varan không phải là chỉ đào tạo tại chỗ, mà là truyền bá những kiến thức. Chính trong tinh thần đó mà vào năm 2014, André Van In đã lập ra những lớp đào tạo giảng viên, đến tận nơi để dạy cho các học viên cũ cách truyền đạt những kiến thức của họ cho người khác.Hiện nay, chúng ta đã có nhóm Varan Vietnam chuyên đào tạo những học viên cũ. Tất cả những việc đó được tiến hành ở Việt Nam, ngoại trừ thời gian đại dịch Covid. Một nhóm thành viên người Pháp lẽ ra đã đi Việt Nam để làm việc cho các lớp ở Việt Nam, nhưng họ đã không thể đi được, nên đã phải tiến hành mọi thứ qua video, hậu kỳ cho các phim thì làm ở Paris. Rất khó khăn, nhưng đó cũng là tình hình chung lúc đó, tuy vậy, ngay trong thời kỳ Covid, chúng tôi đã cố gắng duy trì mối liên hệ dưới nhãn quan kép này để làm sâu sắc hơn các dự án.” Điều đáng chú ý, theo bà Sylvie Gadmer, đó là lần tuyển sinh năm ngoái đã có rất nhiều người dự tuyển vào trại sáng tác của Varan Vietnam : “Năm ngoái, Varan đã rất thành công khi tuyển sinh. Chúng tôi đã nhận được khoảng 150 đơn dự thi, một số lượng rất lớn. Trần Phương Thảo cùng với Lê Minh, Hà Lê Diễm, cũng là những đạo diễn của Varan, đã đóng góp rất nhiều vào việc tuyển chọn thí sinh, phỏng vấn, cứu xét hồ sơ. Việc tuyển chọn dựa trên nhiều tiêu chí, trước hết là phải có sự bình đẳng nam nữ trong số các học viên của trại sáng tác, rồi phải ưu tiên cho giới trẻ, đánh giá chất lượng và khát vọng của các học viên đó, cũng như khả năng của họ duy trì truyền thống của Varan.Chúng tôi không chỉ đào tạo các đạo diễn mà đào tạo những thành viên tương lai của Varan Vietnam. Ta có thể nêu ví dụ của Hà Lê Diễm, người đã thực hiện bộ phim “Những đứa trẻ trong sương”, sau khi dự khóa học của Varan năm 2016, nay vẫn tham gia vào việc tuyển chọn học viên, tham gia các hoạt động của trại sáng tác, nhưng vẫn bắt đầu tập trung để làm bộ phim truyện đầu tay của cô.”Toàn bộ 8 bộ phim được thực hiện nhân kỷ niệm 20 năm ra đời của Varan Vietnam đều có chủ đề về y tế. Bà Sylvie Gadmer Tiên giải thích:  "Tại sao lại tổ chức theo chủ đề? Bởi vì chủ đề cũng đóng vai trò như chất kết dính cho trại sáng tác. Chủ đề sức khỏe được Thảo chọn vì đây là vấn đề đã được bàn luận từ lâu. Đây là một chủ đề rất quan trọng và thực sự phản ánh xã hội.  Đó là vấn đề mà người Việt Nam ngày càng quan tâm, và thậm chí còn quan tâm nhiều hơn kể từ khi có Covid, Vấn đề này rất nhạy cảm ở Việt Nam vì có sự chênh lệch giàu nghèo và bất bình đẳng trong việc tiếp cận dịch vụ chăm sóc sức khỏe. Sau đó, trong các dự án cá nhân, mỗi học viên sinh sẽ đề xuất một chủ đề riêng của mình. Nhưng những người hướng dẫn phải đánh giá liệu các chủ đề đó có thể làm được thành phim hay không và nếu được thì phim có thể có thể được thực hiện trong khuôn khổ thời gian của trại sáng tác hay không. Có một số chủ đề rất hay, nhưng trại sáng tác chỉ kéo dài 3 tháng, với thời gian quay phim khá ngắn, chỉ từ 4 đến 5 tuần. Cho nên, chính những giảng viên, với kinh nghiệm của mình, thông qua thảo luận với học viên, sẽ đánh giá liệu dự án đó có khả thi hay không. Nhưng đây là những lựa chọn cá nhân.Sau buổi chiếu tối 03/04, bà Sylvie Gadmer Tiên cho biết họ dự trù một buổi chiếu khác ban ngày vào một ngày cuối tuần để giới thiệu toàn bộ 8 bộ phim và thêm thời giờ cho khán giả trao đổi với các đạo diễn Việt Nam.

Choć swingowanie (oczywiście pod inną nazwą) znane jest nawet od starożytności, to wciąż na ten temat mówi się niewiele: co wiąże się z niezrozumieniem tej praktyki. A pod żadnym pozorem nie należy mylić jej ze zdradą. Swingersi to pary które wspólnie podejmują decyzję o tym, by poszerzyć swoje życie seksualne i zaprosić do niego inne osoby. Kluczowe jest ustalenie jasnych ram, dotyczących własnych granic, oczekiwań, możliwości odmowy a przede wszystkim, poczucia bezpieczeństwa. Eksperci zwracają uwagę, że decyzja o swingu wiąże się z zagrożeniami dla relacji (m.in. zazdrość), ale także szansami na pogłębienie związku i odkrycie siebie i partnerów na nowo. Dlaczego pary podejmują decyzję o swingowaniu? Z czym wiąże się dobrowolne otwarcie relacji? Czy z tą praktyką wciąż wiąże się społeczne wykluczenie? O tym w Drogowskazach opowiedział Michał Sawicki, psycholog, psychoterapeuta, seksuolog. Do wysłuchania rozmowy zaprasza Aleksandra Galant.

Choć nie objął jeszcze urzędu, Karol Nawrocki już teraz pokazuje, że ma własną wizję prezydentury – mówi Jan Maria Jackowski, były senator w Poranku Radia Wnet. 

Przez długi czas zabierałem się do stworzenia tego wideo. Mimo że temat już poruszałem zarówno w książce jaki w innych filmach. Wideo nie jest kolarskie. Wideo jest takie jak ja wraz ze wszystkimi tego konsekwencjami. Stąd też niekiedy materiały należące do ciężkostrawnych oraz niepopularnych. Jednak nigdy nie rozwinąłem zagadnienia dotyczącego podstaw przez których zaniedbanie decydujemy się na życie w ciągłym napięciu i stresie, obniżając jakość naszego życia. Nawet bez względu na sport. Bo okazuje się, że szosa, bieganie, triathlon to kolejne pole do zagospodarowania przez nasze fobie i wieczne, podświadome ocenienie samego siebie. Tym sposobem psując sobie nawet momenty odpoczynku, albo na rowerze, które tak naprawdę również przepełnione są ciągłym napięciem. Bo najgłębiej w sercu na samym jego dnie znajduje się lęk przed byciem nielubianym. Tymczasem nie wszyscy muszą zarówno ciebie jak i mnie lubić a odkrycie tego i wdrożenie do swojej podświadomości jaki również do serca ułatwia nam codzienne funkcjonowanie i cieszenie się życiem jak i każdą chwilą z osobna. Tak, to jest wideo o mnie, o moich kompleksach i czułych punktach. Skąd to się bierze. Głównie z dzieciństwa. Na skutek naszego otoczenia, na skutek tego co wpajali nam rodzice kiedy byliśmy mali. Kim byli rówieśnicy z jakich domów pochodzili. Może jak ja byłeś(aś) pośmiewiskiem i klasowym workiem treningowym? Tak, to co opisuje to syndrom worka treningowego. Z tym się wchodzi w dorosłe życie i mknie jak po szynach. Trwale zaprogramowanym. Tą momenty które tkwią głęboko w głowie każdego z nas mimo że kiedy się wydarzyły 30 lat temu. I mija 30 lat, gdy zaczynasz to rozumieć. Jak wiele jesteś w stanie poświęcić jako dziecko by być lubianym. Chcesz należeć do nas to zapal papierosa. Rzuć szklanką z 4 piętra. By być lubianym przez rodziców musisz się dobrze uczyć. Mieć dobre oceny i gotowym na ocenianie. Jak wyglądasz? Ile ważysz? Jaki masz plecak? Co masz z matematyki? Czemu ta chemia tak słabo? Czemu tak mało zarabiasz? Czemu tak wolno? Czemu brzuch Ci wystaje? Czemu masz dwie różne skarpetki? Czemu nie poszedłeś do komunii? Czemu nie masz gry telewizyjnej w domu? Czemu masz taki krzywy nos? Czemu nie medycyna? Czemu nie poboczem? Przez lata tkwisz w schemacie jednowymiarowej oceny. Oceniasz siebie tak jak oceniano Ciebie w dzieciństwie. Językiem dziecka. Bo wciąż nim jesteś. Mimo, że masz dowód i nikt nie pyta Cie w sklepie o wiek. Szkołę zamieniłeś na pracę. Dres z WFu na trykot kolarski. Rodziców na męża, żonę, teściowego lub teścia. Oni też oceniają. Wszyscy ludzie z którymi masz do czynienia Cię oceniają. Cały Internet spogląda na Ciebie i ocenia. Dostrzegasz, że nawet gdy nie musisz wciągasz brzuch sam dla siebie. Przyzwyczajasz się do bólu przepony. Nie umiesz już jej rozluźnić. Odkrwasz, że masz wiecznie spiętą szyję od patrzenia w ziemię. Maskę masz założoną nawet będąc w samotności. Jesteś tak przyzwyczajony do tej peleryny, że przestajesz ją czuć na skórze. Ona wrosła się w Ciebie, choć początkowo była dopasowana do 140 cm wzrostu. Stąd tak ciężko jest ją zdjąć. Dlatego to tak bardzo boli, a im później zdobędziesz się na ten krok, to cierpienie będzie silniejsze. A im bardziej polaryzowane i płaskie jest spojrzenie naszego społeczeństwa tym większy masz lęk przed byciem sobą. Dzisiejszy świat przepełniony jest moim zdaniem jednowymiarowością intelektualną. Mam wrażenie że w dużej mierze w socialmedia są najbardziej adekwatnym atrybutem do wyrażenia tych zmian mentalnych. Masz jedno zdjęcie przedstawiające jedną daną sytuację i na podstawie krótkiego filmu czy jednej stopklatki jesteś oceniany. Nawet przyznam że mnie to niekiedy irytuje ,bo w ten sam sposób bardzo często konsumuje się nagłówki w portalach newsowych, wyciąga się wnioski na podstawie tytułu, wreszcie ocenia drugiego człowieka przez pryzmat fryzury, figury, samochodu jakim jeździ. Jednowymiarowość oceny jest wygodna, bo daje natychmiastową odpowiedź na trudne pytanie. WE. To Warszawiak. Tyle, że 800 000 z tych aut nigdy nie było w Warszawie. Trzeba się zastanowić dlaczego? Różowy strój = pedał. Mimo, że nie zamieniłem z nim ani słowa. Musiałbym z nim porozmawiać. Koślawy nos oznacza niepolskie pochodzenie. Choć nie przeanalizowałem jego historii. Za mały rower. A teraz? Już dokonano oceny na podstawie płaskiej fotografii bez studiowania optyki. Które koło na tym zdjęciu jest większe? A może oba są takie same? A czy jesteś pewień, że ten bezdomny jest w takiej sytuacji z własnej winy? Poznałeś jego genezę, że już wydajesz ocenę? Grubas. A może po prostu chory? Utrudnienie w ruchu. A może po prostu człowiek, tylko na innego rodzaju pojeździe. Dzisiaj w taką pogodę jeździsz na trenażerze? A może to zdjęcie jest z wczoraj? Nikogo uczciwego nie stać na taki samochód. A może to ja się za mało staram. Te smugi to jest chemia. A może po prostu nie rozumiem jak one powstają? Mam swój pogląd i atakuje nim innych. A czy sprawdziłem czy mam rację. Nie rozumiem. Więc oceniam. To jest jednowymiarowość. Kuszący skrót dla umysłów. Także dla mojego. Wyjście poza ten schemat wymaga przede wszystkim chęci, ale też posiadania szerszej perspektywy patrzenia na świat. Nie dla każdego jest to proste. Spora część ludzi ma współecześnie z tym problem, a media czy social media tylko utrwalają ten sposób konsumpcji życia. Miniatury, krzyczące nagłówki, mowa obrazkowa. Minutowe pionowe filmy. Jak najprostszy przekaz, by treści były łatwe, nie wymagały analizy i szerszego spojrzenia. Jesteśmy tak wygodni, że nie chce się nam nawet doczytać do końca. Przesunięcie palcem albo myszką jest wyczerpujące. Stąd oceniamy ludzi i świat po pierwszym zdaniu i 3 sekundach patrzenia na miniaturę. Zauważasz też, że ludzie są coraz bardziej wrogo nastawieni wobec siebie. Chcą dostrzegać jedynie negatywy. Jest czarne i białe. Jak w takiej sytuacji sprawić by wszyscy Ciebie lubili? Nie da się. Ludzie widzą Twoje 5% i tak zostanie. Możesz karać samego siebie żyjąc w ciągłym napięciu, bo ktoś źle mnie oceni. Dostrzegasz, że unikasz ludzi i sytuacje, które mogą potencjalnie narazić na osąd. Żyjesz w apatii i stopniowo się wycofujesz. Swoje niewielkie kompleksy przekształcasz w prawdziwe problemy. Tak jak ludzie z depresją wywołaną otyłością, ją zajadają. Albo tak jak swoje niepowodzenia życiowe, zapijają. Tak, bo to też sposób na ucieczkę od tego napięcia wywołanego lękiem przed byciem gorszym. Nielubianym, nieakceptowanym. Tylko sam przed sobą mogą być sobą? A teraz zadaj sobie pytanie – co z tego, że ktoś mnie nie lubi? Co z tego, że nie wpisuje się w czyjś światopogląd? To jest obcy schemat. Nie mój. Tylko, aby uwierzyć to potrzebna jest pewność siebie. Poczucie własnej wartości. Jednak samo zdanie sobie z tego sprawy już bardzo pomaga. Tak samo jak przerobienie w swojej głowie dzieciństwa. Odkrycie, że to jest schemat. Ten sam. Patrzę na świat wrażliwe jak sześciolatek. Jak dziecko, które tak samo bezkrytycznie przyjmuje ocenię innych. Ocenę, która nie musi być prawdziwa. Stąd mało mnie interesuje jak oceni mnie obcy człowiek w Internecie, który kompletnie mnie nie zna. Dzięki temu też łatwiej wyjść mi na zewnątrz i się otworzyć przed ludźmi. Choć oczywiście nie zawsze. Bo niekiedy bywam słaby i ta tarcza ochronna gdzieś niknie. Albo w skórze znajduje reszty zatopionej peleryny supermana. Ale też dałem sobie sprawę z tego, że nie każdego dnia muszę być silny. Po drugie, kto jest najbardziej skory to wydawania jednowymiarowej oceny? Zazwyczaj osoby wiodące jednowymiarowe życie. Kto próbuje zepchnąć Cie z drogi tłumacząc, że miasto obok jest ścieżka? Jak smutne życie może wieść osoba, która ma motywację do tego, by obrażać obcą osobę w Internecie? A być może to jest tak, że statystyczne 6% ludzi ma satysfakcję z zadawania cierpienia innym? Czy na pewno zależy Ci na tym, by te osoby musiały Ciebie lubić? Czy Twoje napięcie, stres jest tego warte? Czy jeśli 5% okolicznych mieszkańców mojej gminy nienawidzi mnie za to, że jeżdżę na rowerze mam rezygnować że sportu? Kim statystycznie są Ci ludzie. Czy oni muszą mnie kochać? Co jest dla mnie ważniejsze? Wizerunek czy bycie sobą i realizowanie swoich potrzeb, marzeń oraz celów. By przestać się bać należy być także nieco egoistą. Nie zawsze musisz się wpisywać w potrzeby swojego otoczenia. Z resztą jak toksyczne są próby robienia wszystkiego wbrew sobie tylko po to, by czuć się częścią społeczności do której nie do końca chcemy należeć. Jednak chcemy by nas lubili. Albo kochali. Na końcu daj się zamknąć w klatce swojego związku, by być idealną zoną, matką, ojcem, mężem. Zrezygnuj do tego że swoich pasji, przekonań, poglądów. Byle to inni byli szczęśliwy i nas kochali. Tak babciu, nienawidzę tatara, ale zjem by Ci nie było przykro, byś mnie kochała. Oczywiście kochana żono. Nie będę już chodzić z kolegami. Oczywiście mój mężu, nie będę chodzić na treningi, bo jesteś zazdrosny. Tak tato, masz rację, depresja nie istnieje, a leki uzależniają. Już odwołałam wizytę. Tylko mnie kochaj. Wiem sąsiedzie. Masz rację. Smog nie istnieje. Też czasami lubię popalić śmieciami. Masz prawo mieć swoje zdanie i być innym. Bo każdy z nas jest inny. I pamiętaj, że ogrom ludzi ma problem z akceptacją jakiejkolwiek odmienności. Nawet nie wiesz jak szeroka część społeczeństwa jest zapatrzona w swoje wewnętrzne wyobrażenia i przekonania. Jest jeden tor i masz zawsze po nim jeździć. Jest jeden kolor i masz go lubić. Bo tak jest łatwo. Łatwiej się jeździ gdy na drodze nie ma innego rodzaju pojazdów. Łatwiej gdy każdy z nas ubiera się tak jak my lubimy. Łatwiej jest jak niczyja sylwetka się nie wyróżnia. Łatwiej gdy ktoś nie wyraża innych poglądów do naszych. A czy to oznacza, że mam swoim kosztem ułatwiać komuś jednowymiarowe patrzenie? Może jednak lepiej być sobą? Wraz że swoimi zaletami i wadami. Być jakimś. Jakimś to także nielubianym przez wszystkich. Nie lubi mnie 7% moich Widzów. Można mnie krytykować za brak mięśni Za wystający brzuch. Brak wyników. Za posiadany rower. Za emocjonalność. Za odmienność. Bo jestem inny. Jak każdy, kto jest sobą.

Harrys erster Kuss! Das nasse Vergnügen?Es ist wohl einer der besten Teile des gesamten Buches. Der Kuss zwischen Harry und Cho ist vorbei, aber wie in jedem packenden Spiel braucht es die Nachberichterstattung. Hier muss noch einmal alles durchgesprochen werden – und genau das machen Harry, Hermine und Ron jetzt. Eines ist auf jeden Fall klar: Harrys Hirn ist komplett überlastet. Der Kuss mit Cho hat ihn komplett aus der Bahn gehauen – aber im positiven Sinne? Das ist zumindest sehr fraglich.Aber nicht nur der Kuss an sich ist interessant, sondern auch die Reaktionen von Hermine und Ron sind pures Gold und könnten unterschiedlicher nicht sein. Von der „geschäftsmännischen“ Reaktion Hermines bis zu Rons Ekstase haben wir hier zwei starke Gegensätze. Gekrönt wird das Ganze von Harry, der wirklich keine Ahnung hat, was ihm da gerade passiert ist.Und um all dem die Krone aufzusetzen, moderieren und analysieren wir – Martin und Sophia – in gewohnter Manier diese Szene, die in keinem Teenie-Roman fehlen darf. Viel Spaß beim Zuhören! :) Ihr wollt uns live sehen? Am 18.10.25 in Bochum habt ihr die Chance.Tickets gibt's hier: https://t.rausgegangen.de/tickets/happy-potter-bochum Und jetzt viel Spaß beim Zuhören! Wir haben auch eine Patreon-Seite! Schaut doch mal vorbei, es gibt Bonus-Episoden, Sticker undandere aufregende Dinge! Besucht uns auf den sozialenNetzwerken, unsererWebseite und erzählt euren Freunden von uns! Vielleicht habendie ja auch Lustauf einen Harry-Potter-Podcast! Webseite: www.Happy-Potter.net Patreon: www.patreon.com/happypotter Discord: https://discord.gg/2EajMaGXpc Facebook: www.facebook.com/happypotterpodcast Instagram: @happypotterpod Twitter: @happypotterpod Und wir haben jetzt auch Playlists mit unseren Lieblingssongs: Martins Playlist: https://open.spotify.com/playlist/2IBxDsPVm1UdNBiW2QkgEJ?si=rU6HLkoFQfGGjvab8g8yEQ&pi=e-bKuIHap7RWCu Sophias Playlist: https://open.spotify.com/playlist/0kuOP0TujMhrqOWzLwUH1O?si=9LIZkc2nQTOajHPaqpP_RA&pi=e-tc6w0NgQRo-W Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Cześć, rewolucyjne ruchy z 1968 roku zmieniły Europę. Choć nie obaliły żadnego rządu zmieniły kontynent bardziej niż niejedna wojna. Od tamtego czasu regularnie spada dzietność. Krzywa urodzeń w Europie leci w dół i nic nie wskazuje na to, aby miało się to zmienić. W filmie omawiam przemiany jakie zaszły w europejskich społeczeństwach w latach 60-tych i z czego one wynikały. Porównałem to do okresu tuż po II wojnie światowej kiedy to rodziło się najwięcej dzieci w historii wielu państw, a w tym i Polski. Młodzi ludzie dwadzieścia lat później zaczęli podważać ład społeczny. Sprzeciwiać się konserwatywnym poglądom i zaprowadzać zmiany związane z obyczajowością, podejściem do ekologii, a nawet polityką. Więcej dowiecie zapoznając się z najnowszym odcinkiem. Zachęcam do posłuchania :)

On this episode of the AACC Podcast, Ray Chang and Reverend Dr. Abraham Cho explore the complexities of Asian American Christian leadership, the journey into ministry, and the cultural identity that shapes their experiences. They discuss the challenges of navigating predominantly white evangelical spaces, the diverging paths of career choices among Asian Americans, and the cultural costs associated with these dynamics. As they explore the evolving landscape of American Christianity, particularly focusing on the experiences and challenges faced by Asian American Christians, Dr. Cho points out the significance of cultural identity in faith and leadership, encouraging younger leaders to embrace their unique experiences and take initiative in their communities. Listen or download for the whole conversation and share your feedback with us! 

WE'RE BACK with the unhinged and unscripted weekly gatherings of The Strange Films Podcast. As we try to get our studio back together, we invited our good friend and talented Actor, Cory Davison to join the show. This is an audio only episode (sorry YouTube) as we continue to get things in place. We catch up on life over the past few months including Lucas going to Australia, our recent movie shoot for "CHO", recent watches like "Sinners" and "Nosferatu", and much more. Thanks for being here, we plan to drop new episodes every Thursday. -------------------------------------------------------------Check us out:strangefilmsstudios.comhttps://www.youtube.com/StrangeFilmsStudioshttps://www.patreon.com/AugustAguilar

Sklep Mao Powiedziane https://maopowiedziane.pl/ Dołącz do grona Patronów tego podcastu na http://www.patronite.pl/maopowiedziane  Posłuchaj dalszej części odcinka na kanale Mao Powiedziane Plus na Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/0ySk7ZCQPHXRGLeC7IaZkj?si=ciUq8dgETyi4Hw4Zmkl5Ug Jak połączyć konto na Patronite ze Spotify https://patronite.pl/post/71266/polacz-konto-na-patronite-ze-spotify  Chiny to państwo i cywilizacja, które różnią się od naszej – to truizm. Ale prawdą jest też, że wiele elementów kultury Państwa Środka, które uznajemy za „dziwne” i „egzotyczne”, zanika wraz z modernizacją. Nie można tego jednak powiedzieć o kanonach piękna. Choć za Wielkim Murem nie są one stałe, to w zmieniającym się kontekście politycznym od zawsze pozostawały papierkiem lakmusowym pozwalającym lepiej zrozumieć chińskie społeczeństwo. W dzisiejszym odcinku rozmawiamy o standardach chińskiej urody – zarówno z perspektywy współczesnej, jak i historycznej. Dołącz do naszego Discorda (dla Patronów) https://patronite.pl/post/59230/jak-dolaczyc-do-naszego-discordaPostaw nam kawę na http://buycoffee.to/maopowiedzianeInstagram: http://instagram.com/maopowiedzianeInstagram Nadii: http://instagram.com/nadia.urbanInstagram Weroniki: http://instagram.com/wtruszczynskaNapisz do nas: kontakt@maopowiedziane.pl 

Harrys erster Kuss! Endlich ist es so weit, Martin ist vollkommen aus dem Häuschen. So doll aus dem Häuschen ist er, dass er ganz vergessen hat, die Folgenbeschreibung zu machen und damit seine treue, kompetente und bezaubernde Kollegin Sophia mit dieser wichtigen Aufgabe betraut - ob er das bereuen wird?Sophia hat überhaupt dieses Mal den Jackpot geknackt, denn die Aufnahme hat am Morgen stattgefunden - eine Offenbarung!In Hogwarts hat der Dezember begonnen und Harry mangelt es an Kreativität was seine Freizeitgestaltung angeht. Besen polieren? Zauberlego bauen?Ron und Hermine müssen als Vertrauensschüler*innen die Erst- und Zweitklässler beaufsichtigen, damit die draußen nicht von Habichten geklaut werden. Martin hat zwarr mittlerweile eine Größe erreicht, die ihn vor Raubvögeln schützen sollte, aber trotzdem wäre ein Schutzanzug für Martin vielleicht eine gute Idee für das nächste Weihnachtsgeschenk...Die Weihnachtsferien stehen in Hogwarts an, Hermine geht Ski-Fahren und Ron ist beghosted von diesem Konzept. Und ihr solltet Martin mal über die Piste heizen sehen wie Ned Flanders! Harry ist positiv überrascht, dass er über die Feiertage von den Weasleys eingeladen ist und im Fuchsbau abhängen darf, auch wenn Sirius dann allein mit Kreacher feiert...Dumbledores Armee trifft sich ein letztes Mal vor Weihnachten und Harry bekommt ein mittelgutes Weihnachtsgeschenk von Dobby (oder eher hundert davon) und ein Weihnachtsküsschen von Cho. Und den Play-by-Play-Analysekommentar bekommen wir leider erst in der nächsten Folge. Nun bleibt mir nur noch eins: Martin ist ein kleiner Knilch, sein Blut besteht zu 90% aus Apfelschorle und er hat ein wahnsinniges Glück, eine so begabte, sympathische und bezaubernde Co-Moderatorin zu haben. Tüdelü! Viel Spaß beim Zuhören! :) Ihr wollt uns live sehen? Am 18.10.25 in Bochum habt ihr dieChance. Tickets gibt's hier: https://t.rausgegangen.de/tickets/happy-potter-bochum Und jetzt viel Spaß beim Zuhören! Wir haben auch eine Patreon-Seite! Schaut doch mal vorbei, es gibt Bonus-Episoden, Sticker undandere aufregende Dinge! Besucht uns auf den sozialen Netzwerken, unsererWebseite und erzählt euren Freunden von uns! Vielleicht haben die ja auch Lustauf einen Harry-Potter-Podcast! Webseite: www.Happy-Potter.net Patreon: www.patreon.com/happypotter Discord: https://discord.gg/2EajMaGXpc Facebook: www.facebook.com/happypotterpodcast Instagram: @happypotterpod Twitter: @happypotterpod Und wir haben jetzt auch Playlists mit unseren Lieblingssongs: Martins Playlist: https://open.spotify.com/playlist/2IBxDsPVm1UdNBiW2QkgEJ?si=rU6HLkoFQfGGjvab8g8yEQ&pi=e-bKuIHap7RWCu Sophias Playlist: https://open.spotify.com/playlist/0kuOP0TujMhrqOWzLwUH1O?si=9LIZkc2nQTOajHPaqpP_RA&pi=e-tc6w0NgQRo-W Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Była młoda, piękna i utalentowana. Mogła mieć każdego, bo kochał się w niej chyba każdy chłopak w miasteczku. Mogła mieć wszystko, ale tylko tutaj, na miarę tego miejsca. A ona chciała czegoś zdecydowanie więcej. I teraz powinny paść słowa "aż pewnego dnia…", ale nie padną, żeby nie powiedzieć za dużo. To nie jest też historia, jakich wiele. Choć kiedy ją usłyszycie, możecie mieć wrażenie, że wydarzyła się gdzieś obok. Jarosław Tumidajski wraca do historii i osoby Alicji. Uudało mu się zaprosić do radiowego studia czterech kolegów Alicji ze szkolnej ławy i lokalnego pubu, którzy po wielu latach wreszcie opowiedzą tę historię do końca. Przy okazji zastanowią się, czym w ogóle były te wszystkie wydarzenia i jak zaważyły na życiu każdego z nich. Zapraszamy na spotkanie z Adminem, Barmanem, Magikiem i Sayronem. Adaptacja i reżyseria: Jarosław Tumidajski. Reżyseria dźwięku: Andrzej Brzoska. Kierownictwo produkcji: Beata Jankowska. Obsada: Tomasz Borkowski, Mirosław Haniszewski, Rafał Maćkowiak, Wojciech Zieliński. Śpiew: Katarzyna Dąbrowska

Kate Molleson explores the maverick spirit, fierce passions and phenomenal twilight years of Leoš JanáčekLeoš Janáček was a true Czech original. He heard music in the way people talk on the streets, loved the local and made it universal - pouring his “speech melodies” into pioneering, devastating operas, and writing some of the most intimate confessionals in instrumental music. His life also came with a major plot twist – after years of toiling away unappreciated, he suddenly found fame in his 60s. Instead of winding down, Janáček revved up. This week, Kate Molleson explores his maverick spirit, his fierce passions, and the phenomenal flood of inspiration of his twilight years.Music Featured:Sinfonietta (Fanfare) The Wild Duck In the Mists (2nd mvt, Molto adagio) The Fiddler's Child Songs of Hradčany (The Weeping Fountain) Jenůfa, Act II (Jenůfa's Prayer) Moravian Folk Poetry in Song, JW V/2 (No 2, Constancy) On the Overgrown Path (Our Evenings; A Blown Away Leaf) Diary of One Who Disappeared (Nos 19-22) Katya Kabanova: Act II Scene 2 "Jste to vy, Katěrino Petrovno?"…."Choď si, dívka, do času" The Cunning Little Vixen Act II “Fox Goldenstripe…..That's how it is!” Quartet No 1 ‘Kreutzer Sonata' (1st & 2nd mvts) March of the Blue Birds Říkadla - Nursery Rhymes (excerpt) Lachian Dances (Nos 3-6) Mládí On the Overgrown Path (No 9, In Tears) Pohádka – Fairytale Glagolitic Mass (Intrada) The Excursions of Mr Broucek Suite (The Moon Waltz) 1905 Sonata Capriccio (2nd & 3rd mvt) Glagolitic Mass (excerpt) Moravian Love Songs (No 10 ‘Love') Intimate Sketches (Waiting for You!) From the House of the Dead Suite (3rd mvt, Holiday is Coming) Quartet No 2 ‘Intimate Letters' On the Overgrown Path (No 7, Good Night)Presented by Kate Molleson Produced by Amelia Parker for BBC Audio Wales & WestFor full track listings, including artist and recording details, and to listen to the pieces featured in full (for 30 days after broadcast) head to the series page for Leos Janacek (1854-1928) https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m002c0h9And you can delve into the A-Z of all the composers we've featured on Composer of the Week here: http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/3cjHdZlXwL7W41XGB77X3S0/composers-a-to-z

Sách Đường Rỗi Linh Hồn của Thánh Alphongsô Maria LiguoriBài 57: Trong Hỏa Ngục, Kẻ Dữ Phải Chịu Mọi Cực Hình Và Chịu Mãi Cho Đến Đời Đời

Partnerem odcinka jest Incogni. Zajrzyjcie na ➡️ incogni.com/KRYMINAL lub użyjcie kodu KRYMINAL przy koszyku, aby otrzymać 60% zniżki na roczny plan! [reklama]26-letnia Carol Maltesi była kobietą, która próbowała ułożyć sobie życie na własnych zasadach. Tworzyła treści na OnlyFans, zaczęła pracę w branży filmów dla dorosłych, a wkrótce planowała przeprowadzkę, by być bliżej syna. Wydawało się, że wszystko powoli się układało. Do czasu. Pewnego dnia coś w jej odpisywaniu zaczyna niepokoić jej bliskich. Choć nadal publikuje nowe treści w internecie, nikt nie może się do niej dodzwonić. Czy na pewno wszystko u niej w porządku?ZAPROPONUJ SPRAWĘ ➡️ https://forms.gle/tTUPgnEBZGur47ds9 ----------------------------------------------------------------☕Postaw mi kawkę: https://buycoffee.to/kryminalnehistorie

Kobiety z kiedyś | Odcinek 15 – Simona Kossak, część 2: Wspomnienia mojej MamyKawa dla Miłki: https://buycoffee.to/dziennik.zmianW tym odcinku kontynuuję opowieść o Simonie Kossak, która tak bardzo zapadła mi w pamięć, że dziś w nocy śniła mi się… w kosmosie. Simona doradzała tam w sprawie trzech zielonych planet, była bardzo zadowolona. Wisiałyśmy razem w kosmicznej przestrzeni, rozmawiając i ciesząc się nieograniczonymi możliwościami wszystkiego. Tak właśnie było.A tymczasem, siedząc z Mamą w ogrodzie, razem ze szczeniaczkiem Gutkiem, przypomniałam sobie piękne zdjęcie z Dziedzinki z końcówki lat 70., może 1980… Choć dokładna data nie ma aż takiego znaczenia – liczy się magia chwili.Opowieść krąży wokół tego na czym zależało Simonie.PS. Dla tych, którzy trafili na ten odcinek i nie znają pierwszej części, przypomnę, że moja Mama, Elżbieta Malzahn, przyjaźniła się z Simoną od lat 70., kiedy razem pracowały w Zakładzie Badania Ssaków PAN w Białowieży. Jak każda ludzka relacja, ich przyjaźń przechodziła różne fazy, ale w czasach opisywanych w filmie Adriana Panka „Simona Kossak – moi rodzice” i wśród młodych naukowców i leśników tworzyli zgraną paczkę.Przez lata nie można było mojej Mamy namówić na takie wspomnienia, ale nadeszła wiekopomna chwila… i jest ta opowieść. Ten fragment powstał pewnej nocy, zaraz po obejrzeniu filmu na Netflixie.Więc na czym wtedy Simonie zależało?Wspomnienia są niejednowymiarowe – pamięć zawsze filtruje dane przez emocje, światopogląd, nastrój i inne parametry. Te opowieści wydają mi się niezwykle ważne, bo opierają się na wieloletniej, osobistej relacji i bezpośrednim doświadczeniu tamtego świata. Jednak nawet tak bliskie i szczere wspomnienia nie są w pełni obiektywne – pamięć to subiektywna rekonstrukcja, kształtowana przez emocje, kontekst i upływ czasu.Moja Mama podzieliła się tym, co aktywował konkretny film i moje nagabywania, łażenie za nią z mikrofonem :)Więc jeśli ktoś zapyta – jaka była Simona? – powiem: taka, jaką ją moja Mama zapamiętała. Na 100%.Zapraszam do słuchania i wspólnego zanurzenia się w tę niezwykłą historię.@milka.malzahn________________________Chcesz wiedzieć więcej? Zajrzyj do mnie:facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Milka.Malzahnmoja strona: https://www.milkamalzahn.plpodcasty: https://anchor.fm/milkamalzahnRadio Białystok: https://www.radio.bialystok.pl/chilloutpiękne wsparcie https://patronite.pl/milkamalzahn

May 16, 2025 - Join us for a discussion with Dr. Joan E. Cho, Associate Professor of East Asian Studies at Wesleyan University on her 2024 book Seeds of Mobilization: The Authoritarian Roots of South Korea's Democracy, which explores the nonlinear nature of South Korea's democratization. Using oral interviews, original protest datasets, and publications by student and labor activists, Cho illustrates how modernization structures such as industrial complexes and tertiary education initially bolstered authoritarian regimes before facilitating protests by various social movement groups, which ultimately succeeded in ushering in the country's democratization. During the discussion, Cho also describes how this historical legacy continues to impact Korean politics, including the generational divide and the recent Martial Law and impeachment episodes. This program is moderated by Korea Society policy director Jonathan Corrado.  This program is made possible by the generous support of our individual and corporate members and the Korea Foundation. This program is co-hosted by The Center for Korean Research at the Weatherhead East Asian Institute at Columbia University. For more information, please visit the link below: https://www.koreasociety.org/policy-and-corporate-programs/item/1993-seeds-of-mobilization-the-authoritarian-roots-of-south-korea-s-democracy

In April, Israel's Minister of National Security Itamar Ben-Gvir toured the United States in his first-ever trip to the country as a government official. Many Jewish groups refused to meet with Ben-Gvir, a follower of Meir Kahane whose extremism stands out even in an Israeli political scene awash in anti-Palestinian racism. But Ben-Gvir was welcomed by Chabad rabbis at Yale in New Haven, in South Florida, as well as at 770 Eastern Parkway, the Chabad headquarters in Crown Heights, Brooklyn. The latter appearance sparked protests outside 770, which were met with violence by Chabadniks. In particular, a mob chanting “Death to Arabs” chased a female passerby for several blocks, kicking, spitting, and throwing objects at her. Other videos showed Chabadniks lighting a keffiyeh on fire, shoving and kicking members of the Hasidic anti-Zionist group Neturei Karta, and bloodying a female protester (herself a Jewish Israeli). To discuss Chabad's alignment with Ben-Gvir, its long-standing antipathy to leftist movements, and its uneasy relations within Crown Heights, Jewish Currents editor-in-chief Arielle Angel spoke with Jewish studies scholars Shaul Magid and Hadas Binyamini. They discuss Chabad's historic anti-Zionism, the quasi-Zionist cultural shifts that have solidified after October 7th, and the tensions the movement is currently navigating between its outreach orientation and its increasingly exclusionary politics.Thanks to Jesse Brenneman for producing and to Nathan Salsburg for the use of his song “VIII (All That Were Calculated Have Passed).”Texts Mentioned and Further Resources:The Rebbe, the Messiah, and the Scandal of Orthodox Indifference, David Berger“Israel's Class War Conservatives,” Joshua Leifer, Jewish Currents “The three-decade saga that led to the Crown Heights tunnels,” Chananya Groner, The Guardian“The Happy-Go-Lucky Jewish Group That Connects Trump and Putin,” Ben Schreckinger, PoliticoLetter to Hitler from the German Free Association for the Interests of Orthodox Jewry, 1933“Lubavitcher Hassidim Oppose Public Demonstrations on Behalf of Soviet Jews,” JTA“The New Heimish Populism,” Joshua Leifer, Jewish CurrentsRace and Reli­gion Among the Cho­sen...

Help MuggleCast grow! Become a MuggleCast Member and get great benefits like Bonus MuggleCast! Patreon.com/MuggleCast  Grab official merch! MuggleCastMerch.com Pick up overstock merch from years past, including our 19th Anniversary Shirt! MuggleMillennial.Etsy.com On this week's episode, get your copy of The Quibbler (and quickly transfigure it) before Umbridge bans it! Join Andrew, Eric, Laura and Micah as they enjoy a brief compliment from Snape and finally get through *that* door at the Department of Mysteries! Chapter-by-Chapter continues with Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, Chapter 26: Seen and Unforseen. MuggleCast last discussed this chapter on Episode 463! Could Hermione have been a little softer on Harry concerning Cho? Does she share any blame for double-booking him in Hogsmeade? Hermione criticizes her friends reactions to the outcome of the Quidditch match. Does she have any fun outlets? Harry is having FOMO watching Ravenclaw vs. Gryffindor. But let's face it, it's not easy watching from the sidelines! Shockingly, Snape comes the closest he ever has to actually caring about teaching Harry Occlumency, but... of course... has to have the last laugh! We draw comparisons between Lupin teaching Harry the Patronus Charm and Snape teaching Harry Occlumency. Should Harry be farther along given he's been at this for two months? How did Harry get through the Department of Mysteries door during his Occlumency lesson when he's never been there in his dreams? The hosts agree that Dumbledore had Firenze in his back pocket to take over for Trelawney. Who did Dumbledore have on tap as a replacement for Hagrid? Voldemort finally learns only he or Harry can retrieve the prophecy. How is this not more common knowledge in the Wizarding World? How would've things been different if Voldemort never wasted time with this plan? Harry has direct line of sight into Voldemort's plan with Lucius Malfoy, Sturgis Podmore, Broderick Bode and Avery. Why not leak this info to The Quibbler? Odds & Ends cover The Streisand Effect and The Astronomy Tower MVP: Best All-Time Trelawney Moments (before she was fired) Lynx Line: Our patrons write Harry a short piece of fan-mail OR hate-mail to be delivered via Owl Post to the Great Hall at breakfast! Quizzitch: In banning The Quibbler, Umbridge only raises more interest in it. The concept of banning something only making it more popular is colloquially known as The Streisand Effect, after actress Barbara Streisand sued a photographer for publishing a photo in 2003. What was the photo of?   Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This week Cho is unexpectedly absent so Trae turns to the more-than-capable-and-very-hilarious Caleb Synan to talk All Things Fancy in his stead. Caleb is a fellow Small Town Southern Boy, so much of the talk centers around things like "thinking Outback Steakhouse is fancy" and "mixing vodka with Code Red". You know...trailer stuff. But we talk about travel and boats and stuff like that too, so it's fine. Enjoy, Airheads. TRAECROWDER.COM FOR DATES COREYRYANFORRESTER.COM FOR DATES  CALEBSYNAN.COM FOR DATES  STAYFANCYMERCH.COM FOR SWAG  WELOVECOREY.COM FOR BONUS PODS! Mando's Starter Pack is perfect for new customers. It comes with a Solid Stick Deodorant, Cream Tube Deodorant, two free products of your choice (like Mini Body Wash and Deodorant Wipes), and free shipping. As a special offer for listeners, new customers get $5 off a Starter Pack with our exclusive code. That equates to over 40% off your Starter Pack Use code POA at ShopMando.com Join this channel to get access to perks: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCE_luEVRgClC6dPceGVEZeg/join

"Kampania Nawrockiego się zawaliła, to jest moment w którym trudno sobie wyobrazić, że w pierwszej turze przebije 30%" - Joanna Sawicka z Polityki Insight nie gryzie się w język, komentując aferę z mieszkaniem Karola Nawrockiego. Dziennikarka zwraca uwagę na jeszcze jeden aspekt sprawy. Po raz pierwszy w kampanii wyborczej Sławomir Mentzen i Krzysztof Stanowski zaczęli otwarcie i mocno atakować kandydata PiS, pytając o aferę. Sprawia to, że tej kwestii nie da się już zamknąć tylko w bańce zwolenników PO - obaj kandydaci mają zupełnie inną bazę wyborców, która może zaważyć ostatecznie na wyniku np. drugiej tury. Wtóruje jej Blanka Mikołajewska z TVP, która zwraca uwagę, że ta afera rezonuje wśród wyborców PiS, bo trafia do ich ukrytych lęków - wykorzystywania osoby starszej dla swoich korzyści. Choć nie możemy jeszcze z całą pewnością powiedzieć, że Nawrocki przegrał te wybory, będzie mu trudno odrobić te straty wizerunkowe.

Các chuyên gia cảnh báo tất cả người dân Úc về nhu cầu tiêm vắc-xin hàng năm, cũng như áp dụng các biện pháp vệ sinh khác để giảm nguy cơ mắc bệnh. Cho đến nay, 63.000 ca cúm đã được ghi nhận trên toàn quốc, các chuyên gia nói đây là con số tương đối cao vào thời điểm bắt đầu mùa cúm.

Help MuggleCast grow! Become a MuggleCast Member and get great benefits like Bonus MuggleCast! Patreon.com/MuggleCast  Grab official merch! MuggleCastMerch.com Pick up overstock merch from years past, including our 19th Anniversary Shirt! MuggleMillennial.Etsy.com On this week's episode, listen during Chapter-by-Chapter as the MuggleCasters discuss Harry juggling TWO dates in Hogsmeade. One which may have been doomed from the start (with Cho), and another which likely changes the course of Wizarding history (with Rita). Andrew, Eric, Laura, Micah, and Slug Club guest Katie dig in, because it's time for Chapter 25 of Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. Welcome Slug Club member, Katie! The hosts wish to reassert their disavowal of J.K. Rowling for her role in making women less safe in the U.K. Please visit GLAAD's amazing page for links including FAQs, resources, and tips for allies. Chapter-by-Chapter continues with Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, Chapter 25: The Beetle at Bay. MuggleCast last discussed this chapter on Episode 462! Harry's feelings toward his fellow students in light of the Azkaban breakout headlines have us once more feeling like we are living in the books today. The Ministry's control of information and issuance of propaganda, the extent which is confirmed in this chapter, is massive but not perfect. Some who look deeper are beginning to see the cracks in the facade. Umbridge's power grabs are becoming unenforceable. The hosts discuss how her main goal appears to be to frighten and dissuade dissenters, even among the staff. Harry and students are impressed by Neville's recent hard work in the D.A. This reminds us about when we made the "Neville Gets Swole" Spotify playlist, perfect for your summertime runs and workouts! Is Hermione single-handedly changing the course of the Wizarding world? We think so. Is there anything the students can/should be doing about Hagrid and his probation? Or is his behavior just too weird, and the students too buried in coursework? Ron has a fair idea, but Hermione shuts him down cold. We hold a memorial service for Ron's strategical aptitude subplot from Book 1. In what ways was "Madame Puddifoot's" NOT the perfect Valentine's spot, and whose fault is it that Harry and Cho's date is a disaster? Was it doomed from the start? Is Rita Skeeter looking for redemption, or just some hot goss? Odds & Ends asks why Ron, Fred or George do not seem to know about Antonin Dolohov's connection with their uncles, nor do they mention it. Most #RealTalk moment of the week? Hosts weigh in. Lynx Line: we asked our Patrons to submit a one-sentence headline sure to grab all of the attention. Quizzitch: What prison was the site of the largest jailbreak in British history - when 38 inmates, members of the Irish Republican Army, overpowered guards in 1983? Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Last time we spoke about the Allied invasion of Borneo. The Allies initiated the invasion of Borneo, commanded by General Morshead. The operation, known as Operation Oboe, aimed to reclaim vital oilfields from the demoralized Japanese forces. Despite their fierce resistance, American troops swiftly captured strategic locations on the island. The Japanese, already struggling with low morale and supply shortages, were unable to mount an effective defense. Amid the intense fighting, Air Commodore Cobby's forces conducted air assaults on key targets, weakening Japanese positions. As American troops landed on Tarakan Island on May 1, they faced heavy fire but managed to gain significant territory by nightfall. By early May, despite the loss of ground, Japanese forces continued to resist fiercely. This victory in Borneo marked a turning point in the Pacific campaign, ultimately foreshadowing the decline of Japanese influence in the region and paving the way for further Allied advances. This episode is the Second Okinawa Offensive Welcome to the Pacific War Podcast Week by Week, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about world war two? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on world war two and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel you can find a few videos all the way from the Opium Wars of the 1800's until the end of the Pacific War in 1945.  Last we left off, by April 24, General Ushijima's 32nd Army had chosen to abandon the first line of Shuri defenses, with the exception of the extreme right in the Item Pocket area. However, the weary Japanese troops merely withdrew to the next line of prepared positions within the Shuri defense zone, ready to make the American invaders pay for every inch of territory gained. Observing this, General Hodge promptly ordered the 7th, 27th, and 96th Divisions to regroup and enhance their positions through aggressive maneuvers, seizing strategic ground in front of them and pushing back enemy outposts. His forces were also heavily depleted and exhausted, prompting him to plan a final offensive on April 26 before rotating in the relatively fresh 77th Division and the 1st Marine Division for support. Unbeknownst to him, the 62nd Division had suffered significant losses, nearly losing half of its original strength on the left flank. In response, Ushijima decided to move the 24th Division and the 44th Independent Mixed Brigade north to reinforce the Shuri defense zone, establishing a fallback position for retreating forces.This shift also meant that the southern areas were defended only by a hastily assembled Shimajiri Security Force of 5,500 men, drawn from rear-area supply units tasked with delaying any American advances from the south until the main infantry units could return.  The question of a second landing in southern Okinawa was considered by 10th Army most seriously before April 22. General Bruce, commander of the 77th Division, knew that his division would be committed in the Okinawa fighting as soon as lejima was secured. At Leyte the amphibious landing of the 77th Division behind the Japanese line at Ormoc had been spectacularly successful. General Bruce and his staff wished to repeat the move on Okinawa and urged it on the 10th Army command even before the division sailed from Leyte. As the Iejima fighting drew to a close, General Bruce pressed his recommendation to land his division on the southeast coast of Okinawa on the beaches just north of Minatoga. He believed that it would be necessary to effect a juncture with American forces then north of Shuri within ten days if the venture was to be successful. His plan was either to drive inland on Iwa, a road and communications center at the southern end of the island, or to push north against Yonabaru. General Buckner rejected the idea. His assistant chief of staff, G-4, stated that he could supply food but not ammunition for such a project at that time. The Minatoga beaches had been thoroughly considered in the planning for the initial landings and had been rejected because of the impossibility of furnishing adequate logistical support for even one division. The reefs were dangerous, the beaches inadequate, and the area exposed to strong enemy attack. Although beach outlets existed, they were commanded both by the escarpment to the west and by the plateau of the Chinen Peninsula. The 10th Army intelligence officer reported that the Japanese still had their reserves stationed in the south. Both the 24th Division and the 44th Independent Mixed Brigade were still in the area and could move quickly to oppose any landings. Artillery positions on the heights overlooking the beaches were fully manned. The 77th Division would be landing so far south that it would not have the support of the troops engaged to the north or of 24th Corps artillery. The steep terrain near the beaches favored the defense, and any unit there would be isolated. It might be more like Anzio than Leyte, Buckner suggested. Besides that, the three divisions on the line needed to be relieved, and Buckner's three unused divisions would all be needed there. On April 25, the main focus of action shifted to the Item Pocket, where Captain Bernard Ryan's Company F of the 165th Regiment surged forward following a 20-minute artillery bombardment to seize the summit of Ryan Ridge. Captain Ryan looked out over the rugged expanse of Ryan Ridge, where the Japanese forces entrenched at the top presented a formidable challenge. They controlled the crucial territory between Ryan and Fox Ridges, creating a dangerous stronghold that threatened his position. For Ryan, the solution lay in artillery fire. He understood that since the supporting fire would fall perpendicular to his attack route, the risk of overshooting or undershooting would be minimal, just a lateral deviation of fifteen yards. With this confidence, he ordered a twenty-minute artillery barrage on the slopes of the ridge.As dawn broke on the morning of the 25th, Ryan gathered his men from Company F. He stressed the importance of a swift ground assault to capitalize on the artillery support. However, this was no easy task; his company was tired, undermanned, and severely low on food and ammunition. Despite these challenges, the two assault platoons sprang into action the moment the first shells began to fall. They charged forward, propelled by the roar of mortars, machine guns, and antitank guns that kept enemy forces at bay.But as they sprinted towards the ridge, the enemy struck back fiercely. Enemy fire and natural obstacles thinned their ranks, yet thirty-one determined soldiers reached the summit. They found themselves standing on a jagged ridge, strewn with rocks and scarred vegetation, a treacherous landscape that added to their struggle. Just as the artillery fire began to fade, the Japanese emerged from their hidden positions: “spider holes,” pillboxes, and tunnels. The Americans stood ready, and for the next twenty minutes, a brutal fight erupted. They engaged in fierce hand-to-hand combat, reminiscent of earlier battles on Item Pocket ridge tops. The outcome was grim; thirty-five Japanese soldiers fell, and many more fled in panic. However, the Americans also paid a price, five were killed, and two wounded. Now, the real challenge began: consolidating their hard-won position. Captain Ryan knew that previous units had ascended these ridges only to be pushed back by the enemy. By late afternoon, only twenty-four effective soldiers remained atop the ridge, with each man averaging a mere six rounds of rifle ammunition. Medical supplies had run dry, and all the aid men had become casualties. Communication was severed, and Ryan could sense the tightening noose as the Japanese regrouped for an assault. Understanding the gravitas of their situation, Ryan devised a bold plan. He arranged for Company I to maneuver around to his right flank, hoping to replicate the success of the morning. At 4:05 PM, just fifteen minutes after artillery support resumed, Ryan and his company made their ascent once more, enduring five additional casualties along the route. Unfortunately, Company I struggled to reach the top, cut off by heavy enemy fire on the slopes. In a moment of desperation, Ryan and two men ventured out into the dark to seek reinforcement, a risky endeavor that could easily end in disaster. Although Company I was still bogged down, Captain Betts from Company K recognized the urgency of the situation and quickly mobilized his men. By midnight, all of Company K had reached the ridge, bolstering Ryan's weary but determined troops. As these events unfolded at Ryan Ridge, other companies from the 165th were locked in a brutal struggle at Gusukuma, located southwest of the ridge. Fierce fighting erupted as soldiers moved from wall to wall, tree to tree, fighting for every inch in the rubble of Gusukuma. Company A faced an unrelenting barrage, enduring fire from eight machine guns and a 47-mm antitank gun, much of which came from the yet-untamed eastern slope of Ryan Ridge. Amidst this chaos, Private First Class Richard King from Company A became a beacon of valor. In a remarkable display of courage, he climbed a tree to eliminate a Japanese soldier perched above and, from his vantage point, went on to kill ten more enemies before night fell. The day had been marked by sacrifice and bravery, with Captain Ryan and his men fighting heroically for every inch of ground gained on Ryan Ridge. As the sun set, they prepared for the challenges that lay ahead, their resolve unwavering amid the turmoil of war. Meanwhile, other companies of the 165th Regiment engaged fiercely in assaults against Gusukuma, gradually gaining ground at a high cost to both sides. At the same time, the 96th Division consolidated its position in front of Maeda and Kochi, while Colonel Pachler's 1st Battalion advanced 600 yards with minimal resistance to occupy the slope of Horseshoe Ridge. The following day, April 26, the general offensive resumed, with the bulk of the 165th Regiment continuing its costly advance into the heart of the Item Pocket, successfully clearing Gusukuma as Company F pushed along the crest of Ryan Ridge toward the northern end of the Machinato airstrip. To the east, the 105th Regiment advanced to the southern edge of Nakama, while the 106th Regiment extended the front line toward Yafusu. In the center, Colonel Halloran's 2nd Battalion launched an assault on the Maeda Escarpment but was quickly repulsed by a brutal barrage of Japanese fire across the front. However, elements of the 383rd Regiment managed to reach the crests of Hills 150 and 152, securing a strategic position to inflict heavy casualties on the enemy below, as tanks and armored flamethrowers moved to the outskirts of Maeda to wreak havoc. At 4 pm in the afternoon General Ushijima issued a terse order: “The enemy with troops following tanks has been advancing into the southern and eastern sectors of Maeda since about 1 pm. The 62d Division will dispatch local units . . . attack the enemy advancing in the Maeda sector and expect to repulse him decisively.” At the same time, adjacent 24th Division units were ordered to cooperate in this effort regardless of division boundary. Two hours later the Japanese commanding general issued another order: "The army will crush the enemy which has broken through near Maeda. The 24th Division will put its main strength northeast of Shuri this evening." Lastly, Pachler's 1st Battalion attempted to advance along the western flank of Kochi Ridge, while the 2nd Battalion moved along the eastern flank. Both battalions were immediately repelled by a barrage of enemy fire. The following day, efforts to establish physical contact between the two units proved costly and futile. Meanwhile, Halloran's 1st Battalion, along with elements of the 383rd Regiment, maneuvered through the saddle between Hills 150 and 152, receiving support from tanks and armored flamethrowers. Although tanks and infantry managed to penetrate to the southern edge of Maeda, the advance was halted by intense enemy fire. Atop the escarpment, an all-out effort was made to reduce a heavily fortified underground pillbox that separated Companies F and G; however, this attempt also failed. Concurrently, as the 105th Regiment organized a defensive line at Nakama, Colonel Stebbins' 2nd Battalion engaged in fierce combat around Yafusu in an effort to straighten their front lines. Meanwhile, the disorganized 165th Regiment continued clearing the Item Pocket, which was finally declared secure, although many Japanese troops remained hidden in deep caves and tunnels. Due to this disorganization and the sluggish progress in securing the pocket, General Griner ultimately decided to relieve Colonel Kelley of his command of the 165th. The regiment would then spend the remaining days of the month patrolling the Kuwan Inlet south of Machinato airfield. Griner's overextended and battered division would not undertake any further offensive actions until being relieved at the end of April. At sea, a Japanese suicide boat successfully dropped a depth charge near the destroyer Hutchins, which had to withdraw due to heavy damage. Additionally, Japanese aircraft reemerged during the night, with a kamikaze crashing into and sinking the ammunition ship Canada Victory, while other planes damaged two destroyers and a transport ship. Random factoid by the way, the SS Canada Victory was among the 531 Victory ships constructed during World War II as part of the Emergency Shipbuilding program. Launched by the Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation on January 12, 1944, she was completed on February 28, 1944. The ship was designated VC2-S-AP3 by the United States Maritime Commission, with hull number 93 (1009). Following her completion, the Maritime Commission transferred her to the civilian operator Alaska SS Company. This was merely a prelude to Admiral Ugaki's fourth mass Kikisui attack, which launched 115 kamikazes on April 28. While interceptor fighters destroyed most of these aircraft, seven managed to slip past the combat air patrol and crashed into destroyers Daly and Twiggs, the destroyer minesweeper Butler, the evacuation transport Pickney, and the hospital ship Comfort. On the ground, Halloran's Company K attempted to weaken resistance at the escarpment by moving through the 27th Division zone to the west and advancing southeast towards the Apartment House barracks, where they were met with heavy losses and forced to retreat. Meanwhile, on the western side of Kochi Ridge, Pachler's 3rd Battalion relieved the 1st Battalion and launched an attack into the gap between the ridge and Zebra Hill. They successfully led Company K through Kochi and into the cut, while Company L moved southward along the western slope. However, upon reaching the cut, both companies were met with a barrage of machine-gun fire, ultimately compelling them to withdraw. To the east, the 32nd Regiment faced delays in initiating their attack due to setbacks around Kochi, despite the successful raids by armored flamethrowers into the heart of Kuhazu. The following day, more kamikaze assaults inflicted additional damage on destroyers Hazelwood and Haggard. By the end of April, American pilots reported 1,216 air-to-air kills, while Japanese sources acknowledged losses exceeding 1,000 aircraft, including 820 destroyed in the first four Kikisui attacks. This left Admiral Ugaki with approximately 370 operational aircraft for future operations. It is also important to note that the Japanese pilots inflicted significant casualties, resulting in Admiral Spruance's 5th Fleet suffering the loss of 1,853 sailors killed or missing and 2,650 wounded, averaging one and a half ships hit per day. As April expired, a concerned Nimitz personally visited Okinawa, where Buckner reminded Nimitz that as a land battle, 10th Army operations fell under Army command. “Yes,” Nimitz replied, “but ground though it may be, I'm losing a ship and a half a day. So if this line isn't moving within five days, we'll get someone here to move it so we can all get out from under these stupid air attacks.” Nevertheless, by May, 10th Army had thoroughly bogged down into costly, unimaginative frontal assaults against southern Okinawa's heavily fortified Shuri line. Numerous 10th Army generals urged Buckner to “play the amphib card” and land the reserve 2nd Marine Division in southeastern Okinawa, behind Japanese lines. Buckner ultimately refused, claiming insufficient logistics. Nimitz concurred with Buckner, at least publicly, but few others did. Spruance, Turner, and Mitscher were themselves growing increasingly bitter at 10th Army's lack of progress, as well as USAAF lethargy constructing fighter airfields ashore that could finally relieve the battered carriers. Touring the developing Okinawa airstrips, a 5th Fleet staff officer discovered that General “Hap” Arnold had secretly been writing Okinawa's lead USAAF engineer, urging him to divert assigned fighter strip resources into building B-29 bomber airfields instead. An incredulous Spruance went ashore to investigate and discovered the allegation was true. Stunned, Spruance “turned that situation around in about 15 minutes.” On land, following an unsuccessful tank assault toward Onaga, the 32nd Regiment intensified pressure on enemy positions to the southeast to support operations against Kochi Ridge. However, the 17th Regiment's attacks were still stalled. Meanwhile, after fending off two strong counterattacks that resulted in approximately 265 Japanese casualties, the 383rd Regiment advanced to capture the crest of Hill 318 in fierce close combat. This critical victory finally enabled American forces to direct fire onto Shuri itself. On April 29, the 307th Regiment took over the Maeda Escarpment section of the line from the 381st, and the next morning, the 306th Regiment relieved the 383rd on the left flank of the 96th Division. Simultaneously, the 1st Marines relieved the 165th on the west coast, while the 5th Marines took over the line held by the 105th and 106th Regiments on May 1. Despite ongoing efforts, attacks against Kochi Ridge on April 30 once again failed. However, the 1st Battalion of the 32nd Regiment successfully established Company C on “Chimney Crag” and Company A on the “Roulette Wheel,” located on the ridge southwest of Kuhazu. During the night, large numbers of Japanese infiltrated behind these companies, disrupting the planned relief of the 32nd by the 184th Regiment. This relief, intended to be completed before dawn on May 1, was delayed until late in the afternoon. Despite this setback, Colonel Green's Company L managed to reach Gaja Ridge, positioned just in front of Conical Hill during the night. Concurrently, Colonel Hamilton's Company A attempted to mount ladders at the eastern end of the Maeda Escarpment but was quickly repelled by fierce defenders. On the western front, however, Company B successfully captured the edge of the escarpment using cargo nets by nightfall, although they were ultimately forced to withdraw due to heavy counterattacks later that night. Additionally, Hamilton's 3rd Battalion moved behind the escarpment to Nakama village, launching an attack eastward toward the Apartment House barracks area. Meanwhile, on the west coast, the 1st Marines had been attempting to advance south for two days but were repelled each time, suffering significant casualties. However, they did succeed in clearing an enemy pocket at Miyagusuku. On May 2, the 5th Marines finally joined the offensive but encountered stubborn resistance, while the 1st Marines continued to struggle to cross the draw south of Nakanishi village in their effort to reach the Jichaku ridge mass. To the east, Hamilton's Companies A and B positioned troops on the edge of the Maeda Escarpment but made no significant gains due to the enemy's intense machine-gun fire. The 17th Regiment eventually mopped up Onaga village, with the 1st Battalion taking control of the area, although they failed to capture Kochi during their renewed efforts. On May 3, after a dawn artillery preparation, the 1st Battalion on the east and the 3rd Battalion on the west advanced in a coordinated attack, which included a movement by Company C against How Hill on the eastern flank of Kochi Ridge. However, this entire effort was thwarted as heavy enemy artillery and machine-gun fire halted all progress. During 3 May the 1st Battalion, 307th Infantry, fought a desperate grenade battle to win the top of part of the escarpment. The Japanese showered the top with grenades and knee mortars from the reverse slope and with 81-mm. mortar fire from a distance. Men came back across the narrow top of the escarpment to the north side, swearing and crying, saying they would not go back into the fight. "Yet," observed one platoon leader, "in five minutes' time those men would go back there tossing grenades as fast as they could pull the pins."Finally, while the 1st Marines made only limited gains as they pushed toward the Asa River, the 5th Marines successfully cleared the Awacha Pocket and advanced between 300 and 600 yards in their zone. Unbeknownst to the Americans, their slow, incremental advances and the looming threat of a costly, protracted campaign were far from their only concerns. By the 29th General Cho had argued that in the present state of affairs, the Americans had the upper hand. If the status quo continued, the 32nd Army eventually would be wiped out. At this meeting, only Colonel Yahara spoke for continuing the war of attrition and avoiding an offensive. Yahara pointed out that in modern warfare a superiority of 3 to 1 was usually needed for successful attack. "To take the offensive with inferior forces… is reckless and would lead to certain defeat," he said. Second, the high ground around Minami-Uebaru had already fallen into American hands, giving them a major advantage in defensive terrain. Third, Yahara argued, a hasty offensive would fail, with thousands needlessly lost. Then, 32nd Army's reduced forces would be unable to hold Okinawa for a long period and unable to delay the invasion of Japan. A hasty attack would cause 32nd Army to fail in its duty. And yet, the other young staff members were silent. Cho then declared again that he hoped for an attack to snatch life from the midst of death. At this, Yahara left the room. All the other staff members then agreed to launch an offensive. Cho then tried to manage Yahara by sheer emotional force. At dawn on April 30, before Yahara "had time to splash water on his face," Cho appeared at his quarters. Cho squeezed Yahara's hand and said with genuine enthusiasm that there had been nothing but trouble between them in the past and that they would probably both die together on Okinawa. Cho then asked if Yahara, on this one occasion, would go along with the offensive. As Cho spoke, his tears fell abundantly. Yahara was deeply moved, despite his aloof reputation, and before long he was weeping too. He was overcome by Cho's sudden display of emotion and said, "I consent." Again I have to say, in the “battle of Okinawa” by Yahara, basically his memoirs, in which he notably lies a bunch to cover himself, but I digress, this moment amongst others are really interesting, I highly recommend reading the book. Cho's plan outlined that General Amamiya's 24th Division would lead the main effort on May 4, executing a two-pronged attack on the right half of the line. They intended to sweep past the Tanabaru Escarpment toward Minami-Uebaru hill, ultimately reaching the Futema-Atsuta line. Meanwhile, General Suzuki's 44th Independent Mixed Brigade was to shift from its reserve position behind the 62nd Division to a location northeast of Shuri and move northwest toward the coastal town of Oyama, effectively cutting off the 1st Marine Division's retreat. In conjunction with this, General Fujioka's battered 62nd Division would hold its position on the left flank and mount an offensive once the attacking units on its right had breached enemy lines. Additionally, the 23rd and 26th Shipping Engineer Regiments were tasked with conducting counterlandings in the American rear on the east and west coasts, respectively. The Japanese reasoned that success depended on the extent to which they could support their frontline troops with artillery, tanks, supplies, and communications. Their plans specified in detail the role that each of the support units was to play in the projected operations. Artillery units were ordered to regroup in preparation for the attack. Guns and howitzers were pulled out of cave positions and set up farther south in more open emplacements for greater flexibility. They were to open fire thirty minutes before the attack. When the infantry had driven through the American front lines, artillerymen were to move their weapons forward. The 27th Tank Regiment, hitherto uncommitted, was ordered to move from its position near Yonabaru during the night over several routes and support the attack in the Maeda area. To support this comprehensive offensive, Ugaki was alerted to prepare for the fifth mass Kikisui attack directed against the enemy's naval forces. Once the plans were finalized and preparations well underway, Ushijima and Cho celebrated with a pre-victory banquet in their chambers at headquarters. Even as Ushijima's banquet was underway, offensive operations had commenced. Japanese troops infiltrated behind American lines during the night while the shipping engineers prepared for their counterlandings. The 26th and 23d Shipping Engineer Regiments set out up the west and east coasts. On beaches south of Naha and Yonabaru, men of the shipping engineer regiments piled into barges and assault boats. Also, small groups of soldiers with light machine guns infiltrated behind U.S. lines on the night of 3 May to attack Americans as they became visible at dawn. Small units of three or four men, variously designated as "reconnaissance raiding" and "rear harassing" teams, proceeded toward the American lines to attack command posts, heavy weapons, communications, and depots and to send back information by means of smoke signals. The 27th Tank Regiment rumbled up to Ishimmi, several of its tanks being severely damaged by American artillery fire en route. Ugaki's fifth Kikisui attack began on the afternoon of May 3, when at least 19 kamikazes sortied from Formosa, stealthily approaching the American convoys. They successfully sank the destroyer Little and one landing craft, while severely damaging two destroyer-minelayers and another landing craft. Additionally, Japanese aircraft targeted shore installations, focusing their efforts on Yontan airfield. In Nakagusuku Bay, a suicide boat further damaged a cargo ship. At 02:00 on May 4, most of the boats from the 26th Shipping Engineer Regiment were spotted approaching the heavily defended area of Kuwan. Armed with antitank guns, heavy machine guns, light arms, and thousands of satchel charges, several hundred men of the 26th Shipping Engineer Regiment headed under overcast skies for landing places below Yontan and Kadena airfields. They miscalculated their position and turned, into the shore at a point where it was heavily defended. At 0200 riflemen of the 1st Marine Division on the sea wall near Kuwan caught sight of ten barges and opened up with concentrated fire. Naval flares lighted up the area. One company fired 1,100 rounds from 60-mm. mortars. Several enemy barges burst into flames. One platoon of marines used fifty boxes of ammunition and burned out six machine-gun barrels as it sprayed the Japanese trying to cross the reef. Although many of the engineers managed to reach the shore, some fled back to the Japanese lines, while others were trapped in Kuwan, where they were mopped up by the Marines at their leisure. A smaller group of Japanese forces advanced almost as far as Chatan, ultimately landing at Isa, where they were contained without much difficulty and destroyed the following day. The amphibious assault was even less successful on the east coast of Okinawa, as the 25th Shipping Engineer Regiment attempted to land near Ouki. Most of these troops were killed by fire from ships in Buckner Bay or by the 7th Division Reconnaissance Troop on land. As a result, the Japanese suffered losses of 500 to 800 men and nearly all their landing craft during these amphibious assaults. At 05:00, Ugaki initiated his main mass attack, launching 125 kamikazes and 103 escorting fighters from Kyushu to target Admiral Rawlings' Task Force 57, which was currently striking the Miyako and Ishigaki airfields. Taking advantage of the weakened anti-aircraft defenses, the kamikazes managed to score hits on the carriers Formidable and Indomitable, though both vessels ultimately survived. They also targeted American shipping, successfully sinking destroyers Morrison and Luce, along with three landing craft. Additionally, they inflicted further damage on the light cruiser Birmingham, the escort carrier Sangamon, the destroyer Ingraham, and two destroyer-minelayers, resulting in a total of 589 sailors killed.   On land, following a heavy artillery bombardment during the night, the 24th Division commenced its main assault. In the pitch darkness Japanese troops made their way toward the American front lines. At 0500 two red flares ordered them to attack. As the artillery fire became heavy, a guard of Company A, 17th Infantry, on a hill just north of Onaga, dropped back below the crest for cover. He thought that the enemy would not attack through his own artillery, but the enemy did just that. A few Japanese appeared on the crest and set up a light machine gun. Pfc. Tillman H. Black, a BAR man, killed the gunner, and as more of the enemy came over the crest he killed four Japanese who tried to man the machine gun. The enemy advanced over the crest in ragged groups, enabling Black to hold his own. Soon the whole company was in action and drove the enemy off the crest. The Japanese abandoned three light machine guns, four mortars, and much ammunition. At another point a surprise attack nearly succeeded. On high ground 1,000 yards east of Onaga a group of Japanese crept up the hill in front of Company I, 184th, commanded by Capt. James Parker. In the sudden onslaught that followed, two heavy machine gun crews abandoned their positions. One of them left its weapon intact, and the Japanese promptly took it over and swung it around on the company. Parker, watching the attack from the ridge, had anticipated the move. The Japanese managed to fire one burst; then Parker destroyed the usurped weapon with his remaining heavy machine gun. For an hour or two longer the Japanese clung to the forward slopes, firing their rifles amid shrill screams, but they made no further progress. By dawn the general pattern of the Japanese attack on the left (east) of the 14th Corps line was becoming clear. In the 184th's sector the enemy's 89th Regiment, following instructions to "close in on the enemy by taking advantage of cover,"had advanced around the east slopes of Conical Hill, crept across the flats, and assembled in force around the "Y ridges" east of Onaga. They had outflanked three companies of the 184th on Chimney Crag and the Roulette Wheel north of Kuhazu, and had also managed to evade the forward battalions of the 17th around Kochi. Another Japanese element had attacked 7th Division lines on the high ground north of Unaha. At dawn 1st Lt. Richard S. McCracken, commanding Company A, 184th, observed 2,000 Japanese soldiers in the open area east and north of Kuhazu. They were perfect "artillery meat." Unable to get through to his artillery support, McCracken called his battalion commander, Colonel Maybury, and described the lucrative targets. Maybury was equally pleased. McCracken suggested, however, that the Colonel should not be too happy--a group of Japanese at that moment was within 100 yards of Maybury's observation post. There was indeed a party of Japanese busily unlimbering two 75-mm, howitzers just below Maybury. But Company C, 17th Infantry, had spotted this activity, and within a few minutes maneuvered tanks into position and scattered the enemy group. Artillery eliminated the Japanese caught in the open. A mortar duel ensued, sometimes at ranges of 250 yards. The 3d Battalion, 32d, also poured fire on the enemy there. After the impetus of the attack was lost, a Japanese officer stood out on open ground and waved his saber to assemble his men for an attack. American mortarmen waited for a worth-while target to develop, then put mortar fire on it. Four times the officer assembled a group, only to have his men killed or scattered, before he was finally killed. While the 7th Division was repelling the Japanese attack in the eastern sector of the 14th Corps line, the 77th Division was blunting the other enemy "spearhead" in the center. Here the Japanese 32d Regiment, supported by tanks and engineers, attacked behind intense artillery fire. This sector was the critical point of attack, for a break-through here would enable the supporting 44th Independent Mixed Brigade to cut west and isolate the 1st Marine Division. Transportation difficulties beset the 32d Regiment almost from the start. During the night light tanks drove out of Shuri up the Ginowan road (Route 5), but American artillery interdicting the road prevented medium tanks from following. The mediums had to take a long detour, which was in such poor condition that only two of the tanks could enter into the attack. Trucks and artillery also were slowed down. Even foot troops had trouble in moving. One Japanese infantryman recorded that his column was shelled on the way and that everyone except himself and one other was wounded. Another wrote of encountering "terrific bombardment" on the way to Kochi. These difficulties severely handicapped the 32d Regiment in ensuing operations. Supported by nine light tanks, the 3d Battalion led the assault of the 32d Regiment against the 306th Infantry, 77th Division, before dawn on 4 May. The enemy mounted his assault from southeast of Hill 187 and hit the 77th where Route 5 curled around the east end of Urasoe-Mura Escarpment. The Japanese drove into the front lines of the 1st Battalion, 306th, near Maeda. Shortly before daylight, when the Japanese infantry had failed to take its initial objectives east of Hill 187, Colonel Murakami, commanding the 27th Tank Regiment, became impatient and recklessly committed his own infantry company, a standard element of a Japanese tank regiment. American artillery fire destroyed one platoon, disrupting the attack, and daylight found the surviving troops in a precarious position across from the American lines. Colonel Murakami ordered the company to withdraw, but artillery fire prevented a retreat during the day. When the Japanese used smoke for concealment, the Americans simply blanketed the obscured area with shell fire. The survivors straggled back to their front lines after nightfall. All the light tanks that had supported the attack were lost. By 07:30, the 306th Regiment had effectively repelled the enemy. The Japanese, broken up into small groups, attempted to withdraw across terrain subjected to heavy artillery and mortar fire, but few made it through. By 08:00, the 89th Regiment had also been pushed beyond grenade range along the entire front of the 7th Division. Instead of retreating or pressing the assault, however, Kanayama's troops made the critical mistake of milling about in the exposed flatlands, rendering them easy targets for American heavy weaponry. As a result, the 89th Regiment suffered severe losses from concentrated land, naval, and air bombardment, losing half its strength. Colonel Yoshida's 22nd Regiment in the center fared no better; its advance was delayed by the necessity of laying smoke, and it encountered significant hardships when the smoke unexpectedly cleared. In the center of the line the Japanese 22d Regiment was never able to fulfill its role of following up the "successful" advance of flank units, and the regiment spent the day locked in a violent fire fight with men of 3/306, 3/17, and 1/17 holding the Kochi-Onaga area. The Japanese reported the 22d "was not able attain results worth mentioning." Unbeknownst to the Americans, elements of the 1st Battalion of the 22nd Regiment had penetrated more than 1,000 yards behind American lines near Kochi, identifying a significant weak point before pulling back to the regimental line. Nevertheless, due to the overall failure of the 24th Division, the 44th Independent Mixed Brigade was not even committed to the attack. On the fronts at Maeda and the west coast, American forces made some gains. Hamilton's 1st Battalion successfully executed a complex demolition assault on the extensive cave-tunnel-pillbox network located about 200 feet west of the eastern end of the escarpment, effectively repulsing several subsequent counterattacks and inflicting approximately 600 casualties on the Japanese. The 5th Marines also advanced up to 400 yards through hotly contested terrain during the day. Although pinned down in the coastal area, Colonel Chappell's 1st Battalion managed to break through a defile east of Jichaku, while the 3rd Battalion secured a ridge approximately 400 yards ahead of its position. Despite the apparent failure of the Japanese attack, Amamiya refused to abandon the offensive, ordering a renewed effort during the night. Kitago's uncommitted 1st Battalion, along with the attached 26th Independent Battalion, was directed to penetrate the enemy lines northwest of Kochi in a night attack, aiming to replicate the breakthrough achieved by elements of the 1st Battalion of the 22nd Regiment. Following another artillery bombardment, the Japanese launched their assault against the 306th Regiment at 02:00 on May 5. However, this attack was quickly disrupted by American artillery. Three hours later, the Japanese struck again, this time supported by tanks. They pressed through artillery and mortar fire to engage the 306th in close combat. Fierce firefights erupted along the regiment's entire line, resulting in the Japanese suffering 248 dead during the fighting. Amid the chaos, a significant portion of Kitago's 1st Battalion successfully infiltrated behind American lines, breaching the defenses at a point between Route 5 and Kochi. While approximately 90 of the infiltrators were quickly killed while assaulting the command post of the 306th Regiment, around 450 Japanese troops crossed the divisional boundary and managed to reoccupy the town of Tanabaru and the Tanabaru Escarpment, effectively cutting off the supply road for the 17th Regiment. In response, Pachler sent Company E to eliminate the infiltrators, but they underestimated the enemy's strength and were repelled with heavy losses. With Company E stalled on the eastern slope of the escarpment, Company F, supported by tanks, attempted a broad flanking maneuver. They successfully pushed through Tanabaru, spending the day destroying the enemy's hastily established defenses. Company E then took over the assault, and by nightfall, they had reached the top of the Tanabaru Escarpment following a mortar preparation. The relentless battle for the Tanabaru Escarpment continued for the next two days, resulting in the Japanese losing 462 killed behind American lines. Only a few men managed to escape the Tanabaru death trap and return to the Shuri lines. Made even more desperate by the failure of Amamiya's grand attack, the ragtag battalions of the 62nd Division fought to the death to defend the vital western approaches to Shuri, ensuring that every yard gained came at a steep price in Marine lives. Each pillbox, cave, and tomb became a stronghold that unleashed a torrent of fire against the attacking Marines from all directions. Despite this fierce resistance, Del Valle's units made significant progress on May 5. The 5th Marines advanced their lines by an average of 300 yards, while the 1st Marines seized the high ground along the Asa River. At the Maeda Escarpment, the reverse slope was slowly captured as caves were blasted and sealed off. By midnight, it became clear to Ushijima that the counteroffensive had failed, with the Japanese suffering approximately 6,227 dead and losing 59 artillery pieces. In turn, the 7th and 77th Divisions, which had absorbed the brunt of the enemy counterattack, sustained 714 losses. Despite these heavy casualties, the 1st Marine Division, which continued its push to the south, incurred corresponding losses of 649 men. This indicated that the Americans experienced greater losses due to the Japanese defensive tactics of attrition. However, the morale of the 32nd Army had been shattered, as the Japanese abandoned all hope for a successful outcome from the operation. Nevertheless, the 24th Division and 5th Artillery Command were ordered to reorganize and shift to a holding action. This strategy aimed to bleed American strength by forcing the 10th Army to maintain its slow, deadly, yard-by-yard advance into the fire of prepared positions. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. In the fierce Second Okinawa Counteroffensive, weary American troops pressed into determined Japanese defenses. Captain Ryan's valor led to hard-won territory despite heavy casualties. As chaos unfolded, Japanese morale waned, marking a turning point. The relentless battle showcased unparalleled sacrifice, foreshadowing the Allies' gradual victory in the Pacific.  

Historyczna, bo ostatnia, rozmowa redaktora Jana Wróbla w Poranku TOK FM. Na swoje pożegnanie dziennikarz postanowił zaprosić Marcina Piaseckiego z Rzeczpospolitej oraz Tomasza Walczaka z Super Expressu. A sama rozmowa skupiła się wokół ostatnich, bulwersujących, doniesień dotyczących przejęcia mieszkania przez Karola Nawrockiego. Piasecki zwraca uwagę, że zdjęcie Nawrockiego z Donaldem Trumpem, sukces, który sztab kandydata PiS promował przez majówkę, został całkowicie przykryty przez sprawę związaną z lokalem komunalnym. Czy będzie on gwoździem do trumny? Tomasz Walczak nie jest tego taki pewien. Choć zgadza się, że taki obrazek zaszkodzi kandydatowi PiS, to uważa, że czasy, kiedy skandale mogły zatopić polityka dawno minęły. Zapraszamy do słuchania!

Listeners! It' election day and I cannot be bothered so it's AI shownotes this week. Enjoy! Hosts: Joel Hill & Dave (Cooker Watcher Supreme)(00:00:00) Introduction & WelcomeJoel welcomes listeners and introduces guest host Dave, replacing Jack the Insider.Shoutout: CB Co Beer for election night viewing. Mention of a competition involving a boat trip.Election Calls to Action:Vote 1 Fiona Patton in the Victorian Senate, preference 2 Purple Pingers.(00:01:48) Tinfoil Tales Follow-Up: The Next Pope?Discussion on cooker theories about the next Pope (King Charles?).Lindsey Graham's tweet suggesting Donald Trump for Pope.00:02:38 Dave reads the tweet.Trump's blue suit vs. Obama's tan suit controversy revisited.Brief thoughts on the late Pope's legacy and potential successor.(00:04:37) Dave's Cooker Report: Cessnock & CPACDave attended a meeting with Joel Jammal ("Eyebrows") in Cessnock (his 8th visit).Jammal debriefed the local unnamed "Freedom Group" (often linked to One Nation) on his CPAC trip.Local Candidates Present:Stuart Bonds (One Nation candidate for Hunter).Jennifer Stefanak (Trumpet of Patriots Newcastle) - Flat Earther, aliens are fallen angels, won NCAT case after dismissal from child services. Not allowed to speak despite attending.Mysterious Host: Christine Stevens, credited by Jammal as "brains behind the Wollongbae Road campaign" (a local road widening project used by cookers).Stevens now campaign manager for Stuart Bonds (referred to as "boss"). Possible links to broader far-right organising.Joel Jammal's Gifts: Rolled-up maps for Cessnock's 6 cooker councillors showing ALP vs. Voice 'No' vote intersections. Maps available for purchase from Jammal.Jammal's CPAC Trip: Won the trip via the "Shark Bites Pitching Contest" at CPAC Australia (Sky paywall).Winners expected to produce content upon return.Included a communication seminar with Steve Bannon.Stuart Bonds' Candidacy (Hunter):Odds discussed ($10 on Sportsbet).Labor's Dan Repacholi favoured ($1.15).Bonds' history: 21% primary in 2019, left One Nation, rejoined. Consistent far-right vote in the region.Bonds' desire to "start a conversation about coal mining" (already ongoing).Discussion on Labor's telehealth plan and cooker opposition.(00:24:07) Trumpism & Dutton's CampaignDiscussion on the "blueprint for Trump 28".Chris LaCivita (Trump advisor) reportedly helped Peter Dutton's campaign. Joel questions the effectiveness given global trends.Mainstream media's difficulty rallying behind Dutton.(00:25:52) Cooker Report Part 2: Gosford & MyPlaceDave attended the Lisa Bellamy independent campaign launch in Gosford.Follow-on from "Coasties Who Care" (MyPlace environmentalist council ticket).Shadowy Figure: Kate Mason (anti-renewable circuit, IPA/Advance events). Launched Bellamy's campaign.Campaign barely mentions climate change, focuses on opposing Aboriginal Land Council developments.Key Figures on Stage:Jake Cassar (musician, prepper).Lisa Bellamy (MyPlace coordinator, seen at Convoy with Kate Mason).Vicki Burke (MyPlace food/water security organiser, believes in aliens/other planets).Group suggests increased One Nation vote would benefit them. Bellamy received ~3000 votes previously.Kate Mason's Agenda: Reshaping the environment movement to focus on conspiracies (15-min cities, anti-meat).Shapeshifted from anti-vax (IMOP) -> Voice 'No' -> Anti-artificial food/Bellamy campaign.Significant Telegram following despite "gobbledygook" posts.Rally vs. Darkinjung Land Council/Woolworths Development: Focus remains on Land Council projects. Racist undertones ("love the land as much as we do").Links to Garingai (now potentially split/rebranded). NRL Welcome to Country discussed.Jake Cassar Deep Dive: Constant self-promotion, minimal concrete environmental vision beyond opposing the Land Council. Attacks Labor/Greens. Right-wing presence at events. Ballarat missing person search (found dog with SES). Yowie encounter at Woy Woy tip. Lack of accountability in Facebook environmental groups (anti-immigration/Aboriginal rhetoric).(00:40:33) Monica Smit's Private Prosecution of Dan AndrewsMonica plans a private criminal prosecution against Dan Andrews (and Jacinta Allan).Website Quote: "The wait is over righteous justice begins now" - Monica Smit.Topher Field involved as cheerleader/promoter.Basis: "New evidence" (Document 34 FOI email) allegedly showing curfew decision made before consulting CHO Brett Sutton. Implication: tyranny, not health advice.Joel suggests it was likely capitulation to police enforcement ease.Fundraising: Claimed $124,605 raised (via manually updated widget). Monica paid herself $1000/week stipend already.Monica's Justification ("Why me?"): Stood toe-to-toe and won, relentless energy, prison time (refused bail), won appeal, resisted database handover, won unlawful arrest case (appealing costs decision), claims past refund integrity, lives simply, no distractions (children/friends).Bender (@SpambotX) Twitter Thread: Brutal takedown of Monica as a "despicable con woman".Highlights Consumer Affairs conviction ($66k pocketed from unregistered fundraiser).Accuses Topher Field of seeking a cut.Details legal failures, self-orchestrated "martyrdom", $250k legal bill after rejecting settlement.Criticises "journalism" and book ("Cell 22").Predicts prosecution failure and abandonment once donations dry up.Bender's Legal Analysis (Round 2):Private prosecution (Crimes Act s 321) needs prima facie case, not conspiracy.Document 34 likely inadmissible hearsay.Misconduct charge needs proof of knowing, malicious law-breaking (R v Quach).Lockdowns upheld (Loielo v Giles), backed by Public Health Act & CHO advice.DPP can shut down frivolous cases (Public Prosecutions Act s 22).Previous treason case tossed out.Criticises fundraising transparency (Fundraising Act 1998), $52k/year salary.Highlights past legal issues (incitement charges dropped, health order conviction, Judge Tran's comments).Past Precedent: 2021 private prosecution for treason (Anthony Herman) recalled - chaotic online hearing.Monica's Timeline & Updates:Initial plan: Assemble legal team by April 24, first meeting April 30.Reality (May 1): No team announced. Video claims it will take "a few weeks" to pick lawyers.Met with a lawyer ($500/hr, 2 hours booked).Posted picture near a waterfall instead of legal updates ("reset and reload").Now targeting Jacinta Allan as well.Promises refund of remaining balance if no prospect of success.Discussion on cooker lawyers (Matouk, Buckley). Monica's motivation seen as attention/clout chasing.(01:17:54) Return to The Cali (Caledonian Hotel, Singleton)Dave attended Pauline Hanson & Stuart Bonds event ($20 lunch that never happened).Low turnout (~45 people in beer garden). Regulars, pensioners, Chris Sky filming, James Ashby present.Stuart Bonds Guardian article discussed (misogyny, anti-vax, "Little Hitlers"). Worn as badge of honour.Homeschooling attempt due to "woke trans agenda".Red Ensign described as "real flag".Unregistered campaign trailer incident.Pauline Hanson: Speech built to "greatest hits" (Aboriginal industry). Mumbles less the longer she speaks.Cali Update: Corruption Whistleblower book sold at bar (credit card accepted). Eureka beer on tap (FJB beer rebranded/gone?). Frenchies brewery connection? Pub seems to be returning to normal operations, but Red Ensign still flies. Food looks good, beer selection poor (Lion Nathan). No coal miners attended the event despite Bonds' background.(01:36:30) Candidates Forum: Patterson (Port Stephens)Dave attended forum; ABC filming due to anti-wind turbine mob presence.Low turnout of protesters (~5 loud individuals). Meryl Swanson (Labor incumbent) well-prepared.Marginal seat: Libs (Lawrence Ancliffe), aligned Independent, One Nation, Trumpet, Family First running against Swanson.History of intimidation (boat incident during Mayoral campaign).Betting odds discussed (Labor $1.66, Coalition $2.37). YouGov poll (Labor 51.8%).Irony: Libs proposed nuclear plant at Port Stephens in 2007.Bizarre Moments:Trumpet candidate Peter Arena: Wind turbines interfere with missile detection; mentioned fighting audience member over wife littering.(01:42:37) Billy Bay vs GAP Feud UpdateDr. William Bay told people not to vote for GAP (Great Australian Party) despite running for them.Rod Culleton's response.Billy Bay's letter to Culleton: Mock SovCit style ("Office of Vexatious Litigants and Spiritual Audits"), demands apology, foot kissing, $8 trillion. Full of threats (librarian grievance, livestream in lab coat, seizing karma balance). Written on GAP letterhead.Feud background (payment disputes) covered previously by Tinfoil Tales.(01:46:51) Amelia Hamer (Liberal, Kooyong) vs The PeopleRecap: Fake renter scandal (owns 2 properties + trust fund beneficiary).A-Frame sign spamming controversy vs Monique Ryan (Teal MP).Council imposed one-sign limit due to safety/obstruction complaints.Liberals took council to Supreme Court over implied freedom of political communication.Court upheld freedom but allowed council safety enforcement (opaque outcome).Likely outcome: confrontations over sign placement. James Patterson claiming victory. Joel predicts local backlash.(01:51:08) Election Odds & PredictionsSportsbet: Labor $1.05, Coalition $9.50.YouGov: Labor 53 / Coalition 47 (2PP). Projecting 84 seats for Labor (75 needed for majority).Dickson (Dutton's seat): YouGov 50.2% LNP / 49.8% ALP. Sportsbet has Dutton favourite ($1.28 vs $3.35).Joel laments betting ban but expresses optimism for Labor win, potential Dutton loss.(01:53:29) Wrap Up & OutroJoel thanks Dave for his "invaluable" and "brave" cooker reporting.Standard Patreon plugs etc. skipped.Sign off & enjoy the election.

Ten odcinek to nie tylko rozmowa o przeszłości. To opowieść o odwadze, autorefleksji i o tym, że nawet z najmroczniejszego miejsca można wyjść – jeśli znajdziesz coś, co Cię rozśmieszy. Choćby na chwilę.

Z kodem rabatowym: MACIEJ odbierz 20% zniżki na zakupy jednorazowe lub pierwsze zamówienie w subskrypcji. Więcej informacji: https://nikalab.pl/maciej

The boys pay tribute to Val Kilmer in light of his tragic death and then spend a good hour up their own butts talking about cinema before professor CHO jumps in with a history lesson on Catherine The Great! Go to WeLoveCorey.com to hear Corey's latest essay and Pro CHO segment on Martin Luther King Jr! TraeCrowder.com for tickets to see Trae! StayFancyMerch.com for swag from the show! Sponsors: Go to BlueChew.com and use promo code POA to try BlueChew FREE! Head to TurtleBeach.com and use code POA for 10% off your entire order of great gaming headphones! Mando's Starter Pack is perfect for new customers. It comes with a Solid Stick Deodorant, Cream Tube Deodorant, two free products of your choice (like Mini Body Wash and Deodorant Wipes), and free shipping. As a special offer for listeners, new customers get $5 off a Starter Pack with our exclusive code. That equates to over 40% off your Starter Pack Use code POA at ShopMando.com. S-H-O-P-M-A-N-D-O.COM. PLEASE support our show and tell them we sent you. Smell fresher, stay drier, and boost your confidence from head to toe with Mando!       Sources:Books:• Massie, Robert K. Catherine the Great: Portrait of a Woman. Random House, 2011.• Rounding, Virginia. Catherine the Great: Love, Sex, and Power. St. Martin's Press, 2006.• Montefiore, Simon Sebag. The Romanovs: 1613–1918. Knopf, 2016.• Catherine II. Memoirs of Catherine the Great. Translated by Mark Cruse and Hilde Hoogenboom, Modern Library, 2005.Letters• Correspondence with Voltaire and Diderot. Many of their letters to and from Catherine are collected in academic volumes and archives.Academic Articles & Journals:.Online• Encyclopædia Britannica. “Catherine the Great.” britannica.com• HistoryExtra (BBC). • Hermitage Museum Official Website. Join this channel to get access to perks: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCE_luEVRgClC6dPceGVEZeg/join

Help MuggleCast grow! Become a MuggleCast Member and get great benefits like Bonus MuggleCast! Patreon.com/MuggleCast  Grab official merch! MuggleCastMerch.com Pick up overstock merch from years past! MuggleMillennial.Etsy.com On this week's episode, grab your tissues because we're discussing Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, Chapter 21: The Eye of the Snake. And speaking of Hagrid-centric chapters, it looks like the Harry Potter TV Show has found its Rubeus!  Harry Potter TV Show News: Nick Frost is reportedly up for the role of Hagrid! We discuss if he can pull off this pivotal role and what we know him from. Chapter by Chapter resumes with Order of the Phoenix Chapter 21, The Eye of the Snake (gulp). Despite Hermione's best efforts, Hagrid decides to teach a class on Thestrals. We break down the pro's and con's of this decision. If most of the class can't see a creature, does that make it a bad lesson? Not necessarily! But Hagrid could've designed this class better. What did Hagrid's 'shrieking cry' sound like? Shouldn't there be some magic that allows those who haven't seen death to be able to see Thestrals? At least for research purposes it would make sense! Speaking of seeing death, is it strange that Umbridge herself can't see Thestrals?  Should Dumbledore have warned Hagrid about what Umbridge has been up to at the school? Or DID they talk once Hagrid returned? The second half of this chapter has a big Life Moment for Harry: His first kiss! Was it Cho or Harry who made the first move? And how should Harry have reacted when she was crying? We recount our First Kiss stories, and this week's Lynx Line asks Patrons if they had a bad first kiss themselves! Quizzitch: Capable of reaching a length of roughly 19 feet and weighing around 28 lbs, what is the largest known venomous snake species in the world? Visit MuggleCast.com for transcripts, social media links, our full episode archive, our favorite episodes, and to contact us! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices